How did the United States change between Sep 12, 2019 and Oct 15, 2026?
Every branch of government, compared side by side.
23 files changed, 26,590 insertions(+), 501 deletions(−) · 7.1 years
Laws enacted
+1,04575 notable · lowest of 10 since 1974
Executive orders
+550signed · 2nd of 5 since 2001
Final rules
+21,7462,173 significant · lowest of 5 since 2001
Supreme Court
2 of 9seats changed hands
Agencies
+7 −11departments & tracked agencies
Public debt
+$17.8T$22.5T → $40.3T
The presidency passed from Donald J. Trump to Donald J. Trump across 2 transitions. Congress enacted 1,045 public laws. 32 senators and 202 representatives took seats that they did not hold before. 2 new justices joined the Supreme Court. Inflation-adjusted federal spending changed +28% (FY2019 → FY2025).
Most unusual Nominees confirmed: 307 a year, the 9th highest of 8 presidencies since 1981.
Executive7 files+24,511−44
executive/presidentThe presidency
Donald J. Trump R
45th president
1 president in between
Joseph Robinette Biden Jr. D
took office Jan 20, 2021
Donald J. Trump R
47th president · took office Jan 20, 2025
executive/vice-presidentThe vice presidency
J.D. Vance R
took office Jan 20, 2025
executive/cabinetCabinet & senior officials
+30−31Wikidata ↗
Secretary of State · 2 people took this office in between
Marco Rubio R
confirmed 99–0 · Jan 20, 2025
Secretary of the Treasury · 2 people took this office in between
Scott Bessent
confirmed 68–29 · Jan 27, 2025
Secretary of Defense · 3 people took this office in between
Pete Hegseth R
confirmed 51–50 · Jan 24, 2025
Attorney General · 3 people took this office in between
Todd Blanche R
confirmed 50–49 · Aug 8, 2026
Postmaster General · 2 people took this office in between
Secretary of the Navy · 5 people took this office in between
office vacant or abolished
Show 19 more cabinet offices
Secretary of the Interior · 2 people took this office in between
David L. Bernhardt R (acting)
Doug Burgum R
confirmed 80–17 · Jan 30, 2025
Secretary of Agriculture · 2 people took this office in between
Brooke Rollins
confirmed 72–28 · Feb 13, 2025
Secretary of Commerce · 2 people took this office in between
Howard Lutnick R
confirmed 51–45 · Feb 18, 2025
Secretary of Labor · 5 people took this office in between
Patrick Pizzella R (acting)
Secretary of Health and Human Services · 3 people took this office in between
Robert F. Kennedy Jr. I
confirmed 52–48 · Feb 13, 2025
Secretary of Housing and Urban Development · 2 people took this office in between
Scott Turner R
confirmed 55–44 · Feb 5, 2025
Secretary of Transportation · 2 people took this office in between
Sean Duffy R
confirmed 77–22 · Jan 28, 2025
Secretary of Energy · 4 people took this office in between
Chris Wright
confirmed 59–38 · Feb 3, 2025
Secretary of Education · 2 people took this office in between
Linda McMahon R
confirmed 51–45 · Mar 3, 2025
Secretary of Veterans Affairs · 2 people took this office in between
Doug Collins R
confirmed 77–23 · Feb 4, 2025
Secretary of Homeland Security · 3 people took this office in between
Kevin McAleenan I (acting)
Markwayne Mullin R
confirmed 54–45 · Mar 23, 2026
White House Chief of Staff · 4 people took this office in between
Mick Mulvaney R (acting)
Director of the Office of Management and Budget · 2 people took this office in between
Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency · 2 people took this office in between
Lee Zeldin R
confirmed 56–42 · Jan 29, 2025
Ambassador to the United Nations · 4 people took this office in between
Director of National Intelligence · 5 people took this office in between
Joseph Maguire (acting)
Jay Clayton I
confirmed 51–47 · Jul 28, 2026
Director of the Central Intelligence Agency · 3 people took this office in between
John Ratcliffe R
confirmed 74–25 · Jan 23, 2025
Administrator of the Small Business Administration · 3 people took this office in between
Kelly Loeffler R
confirmed 52–46 · Feb 19, 2025
U.S. Trade Representative · 2 people took this office in between
Other senior officials (7 changed)
Postmaster General · 2 people took this office in between
Secretary of the Navy · 5 people took this office in between
office vacant or abolished
Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff · 4 people took this office in between
National Security Advisor · 3 people took this office in between
Marco Rubio R (acting)
executive/ordersExecutive orders
550 executive orders signed · Donald Trump 388 · Joseph R. Biden Jr. 162
842 → 1,214 orders (issued since 1994) in force · 178 revoked in this window
EO 13901 Adjustments of Certain Rates of Pay
signed Dec 26, 2019 by Donald Trump
EO 13913 Establishing the Committee for the Assessment of Foreign Participation in the United States Telecommunications Services Sector
signed Apr 4, 2020 by Donald Trump
EO 13951 An America-First Healthcare Plan
signed Sep 24, 2020 by Donald Trump
EO 13970 Adjustments of Certain Rates of Pay
signed Dec 31, 2020 by Donald Trump · revoked Dec 22, 2021 by EO 14061 (Biden)
EO 14008 Tackling the Climate Crisis at Home and Abroad
signed Jan 27, 2021 by Joseph R. Biden Jr. · revoked Jan 20, 2025 by EO 14148 (Trump)
EO 14028 Improving the Nation's Cybersecurity
signed May 12, 2021 by Joseph R. Biden Jr.
EO 14035 Diversity, Equity, Inclusion, and Accessibility in the Federal Workforce
signed Jun 25, 2021 by Joseph R. Biden Jr. · revoked Jan 20, 2025 by EO 14148 (Trump)
EO 14036 Promoting Competition in the American Economy
signed Jul 9, 2021 by Joseph R. Biden Jr. · revoked Aug 13, 2025 by EO 14337 (Trump)
Show 6 more
EO 14057 Catalyzing Clean Energy Industries and Jobs Through Federal Sustainability
Dec 8, 2021 · Joseph R. Biden Jr.
EO 14058 Transforming Federal Customer Experience and Service Delivery To Rebuild Trust in Government
Dec 13, 2021 · Joseph R. Biden Jr.
EO 14061 Adjustments of Certain Rates of Pay
Dec 22, 2021 · Joseph R. Biden Jr.
EO 14062 2022 Amendments to the Manual for Courts-Martial, United States
Jan 26, 2022 · Joseph R. Biden Jr.
EO 14067 Ensuring Responsible Development of Digital Assets
Mar 9, 2022 · Joseph R. Biden Jr.
EO 14074 Advancing Effective, Accountable Policing and Criminal Justice Practices To Enhance Public Trust and Public Safety
May 25, 2022 · Joseph R. Biden Jr.
executive/nominationsSenate confirmations
+2,176Congress.gov ↗
3,346 civilian nominations received · 2,176 confirmed · 197 withdrawn · 1,016 returned to the President
Eugene Scalia, of Virginia, to be Secretary of Labor, vice R. Alexander Acosta, resigned.
confirmed Sep 26, 2019 · 53–44
Dan R. Brouillette, of Texas, to be Secretary of Energy, vice James Richard Perry, resigning.
confirmed Dec 2, 2019 · 70–15
Jovita Carranza, of Illinois, to be Administrator of the Small Business Administration, vice Linda E. McMahon.
confirmed Jan 7, 2020 · 88–5
John L. Ratcliffe, of Texas, to be Director of National Intelligence, vice Daniel Coats, resigned.
confirmed May 21, 2020 · 49–44
Russell Vought, of Virginia, to be Director of the Office of Management and Budget, vice Mick Mulvaney.
confirmed Jul 20, 2020 · 51–45
Avril Danica Haines, of New York, to be Director of National Intelligence.
confirmed Jan 20, 2021 · 84–10
Lloyd James Austin, of Georgia, to be Secretary of Defense.
confirmed Jan 22, 2021 · 93–2
Janet Louise Yellen, of California, to be Secretary of the Treasury.
confirmed Jan 25, 2021 · 84–15
Antony John Blinken, of New York, to be Secretary of State.
confirmed Jan 26, 2021 · 78–22
Peter Paul Montgomery Buttigieg, of Indiana, to be Secretary of Transportation.
confirmed Feb 2, 2021 · 86–13
Alejandro Nicholas Mayorkas, of the District of Columbia, to be Secretary of Homeland Security.
confirmed Feb 2, 2021 · 56–43
Show 46 more top confirmations
Denis Richard McDonough, of Maryland, to be Secretary of Veterans Affairs.
confirmed Feb 8, 2021 · 87–7
Thomas J. Vilsack, of Iowa, to be Secretary of Agriculture.
confirmed Feb 23, 2021 · 92–7
Jennifer Mulhern Granholm, of Michigan, to be Secretary of Energy.
confirmed Feb 25, 2021 · 64–35
Miguel A. Cardona, of Connecticut, to be Secretary of Education.
confirmed Mar 1, 2021 · 64–33
Gina Marie Raimondo, of Rhode Island, to be Secretary of Commerce.
confirmed Mar 2, 2021 · 84–15
Merrick Brian Garland, of Maryland, to be Attorney General.
confirmed Mar 10, 2021 · 70–30
Marcia Louise Fudge, of Ohio, to be Secretary of Housing and Urban Development.
confirmed Mar 10, 2021 · 66–34
Debra Anne Haaland, of New Mexico, to be Secretary of the Interior.
confirmed Mar 15, 2021 · 51–40
Isabella Casillas Guzman, of California, to be Administrator of the Small Business Administration.
confirmed Mar 16, 2021 · 81–17
Xavier Becerra, of California, to be Secretary of Health and Human Services.
confirmed Mar 18, 2021 · 50–49
Martin Joseph Walsh, of Massachusetts, to be Secretary of Labor.
confirmed Mar 22, 2021 · 68–29
Shalanda D. Young, of Louisiana, to be Director of the Office of Management and Budget, vice Russell Vought.
confirmed Mar 15, 2022 · 61–36
Marco Rubio, of Florida, to be Secretary of State.
confirmed Jan 20, 2025 · 99–0
John Ratcliffe, of Texas, to be Director of the Central Intelligence Agency.
confirmed Jan 23, 2025 · 74–25
Peter Hegseth, of Tennessee, to be Secretary of Defense.
confirmed Jan 24, 2025 · 51–50
Kristi Noem, of South Dakota, to be Secretary of Homeland Security.
confirmed Jan 25, 2025 · 59–34
Scott Bessent, of South Carolina, to be Secretary of the Treasury.
confirmed Jan 27, 2025 · 68–29
Sean Duffy, of Wisconsin, to be Secretary of Transportation.
confirmed Jan 28, 2025 · 77–22
Lee Zeldin, of New York, to be Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency.
confirmed Jan 29, 2025 · 56–42
Douglas Burgum, of North Dakota, to be Secretary of the Interior.
confirmed Jan 30, 2025 · 80–17
Christopher Wright, of Colorado, to be Secretary of Energy.
confirmed Feb 3, 2025 · 59–38
Pamela Bondi, of Florida, to be Attorney General.
confirmed Feb 4, 2025 · 54–46
Douglas Collins, of Georgia, to be Secretary of Veterans Affairs.
confirmed Feb 4, 2025 · 77–23
Eric Turner, of Texas, to be Secretary of Housing and Urban Development.
confirmed Feb 5, 2025 · 55–44
Tulsi Gabbard, of Hawaii, to be Director of National Intelligence.
confirmed Feb 12, 2025 · 52–48
Brooke Rollins, of Texas, to be Secretary of Agriculture.
confirmed Feb 13, 2025 · 72–28
Robert F. Kennedy, Jr., of California, to be Secretary of Health and Human Services.
confirmed Feb 13, 2025 · 52–48
Howard Lutnick, of New York, to be Secretary of Commerce.
confirmed Feb 18, 2025 · 51–45
Kelly Loeffler, of Georgia, to be Administrator of the Small Business Administration.
confirmed Feb 19, 2025 · 52–46
Linda McMahon, of Connecticut, to be Secretary of Education.
confirmed Mar 3, 2025 · 51–45
Lori Chavez-DeRemer, of Oregon, to be Secretary of Labor.
confirmed Mar 10, 2025 · 67–32
Markwayne Mullin, of Oklahoma, to be Secretary of Homeland Security, vice Kristi Noem.
confirmed Mar 23, 2026 · 54–45
Walter Clayton, of New York, to be Director of National Intelligence, vice Tulsi Gabbard.
confirmed Jul 28, 2026 · 51–47
Todd Blanche, of Florida, to be Attorney General, vice Pamela Bondi.
confirmed Aug 8, 2026 · 50–49
Keith Sonderling, of Florida, to be Secretary of Labor, vice Lori Chavez-DeRemer, resigned.
confirmed Sep 30, 2026 · 47–41
Civilian nominations only (military promotions excluded). Top confirmations are cabinet-level posts, Supreme Court justices, and the Fed chair.
executive/agenciesFederal agencies
+7−11Wikidata ↗
429 → 425 tracked organizations · 16 → 16 executive departments
United States International Development Finance Corporation
established Dec 20, 2019 · an executive agency of the US federal government responsible for providing foreign aid
Office of the National Cyber Director
established Jan 1, 2021 · US government agency on cybersecurity
White House Initiative on Advancing Educational Equity, Excellence, and Economic Opportunity for Native Americans and Strengthening Tribal Colleges and Universities
established Oct 11, 2021 · government agency housed in the United States Department of Education
Disinformation Governance Board
established Jan 1, 2022 · board of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security
Advanced Research Projects Agency for Health
established Mar 15, 2022 · United States federal agency established in 2022
Office of Long COVID Research and Practice
established Jan 1, 2023
U.S. Wildland Fire Service
established Jan 1, 2026 · United States government agency
Overseas Private Investment Corporation
abolished Dec 20, 2019 · government agency of the United States of America · replaced by United States International Development Finance Corporation
Dwight D. Eisenhower Memorial Commission
abolished Sep 17, 2020
Development Credit Authority
abolished Dec 20, 2019 · replaced by United States International Development Finance Corporation
Show 8 more
Disinformation Governance Board
abolished Aug 24, 2022 · board of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security
Global Engagement Center
abolished Dec 24, 2024 · U.S. federal government agency
White House Initiative on Advancing Educational Equity, Excellence, and Economic Opportunity for Hispanics
abolished Jan 20, 2025 · initiative housed in the United States Department of Education
White House Initiative on Asian Americans, Native Hawaiians, and Pacific Islanders
abolished Jan 20, 2025 · United States governmental office
White House Initiative on Advancing Educational Equity, Excellence, and Economic Opportunity for Black Americans
abolished Jan 20, 2025 · White House initiative housed in the United States Department of Education
White House Initiative on Advancing Educational Equity, Excellence, and Economic Opportunity for Native Americans and Strengthening Tribal Colleges and Universities
abolished Jan 20, 2025 · government agency housed in the United States Department of Education
Office of Educational Technology
abolished Mar 20, 2025 · office within United States Department of Education
NOAA Environmental Modeling Center
abolished Jan 1, 2026 · United States weather agency · replaced by NOAA Office of Modeling and Development
Agency start and end dates come from Wikidata, which covers smaller bureaus unevenly.
executive/regulationsFederal regulations
+21,746Federal Register API ↗
21,746 final rules published in the Federal Register
from Sep 12, 2019
2,173 of them flagged "significant" under EO 12866
major economic or policy impact
13,736 proposed rules · 157,671 notices
Loading which agencies published the most rules…
Final rules carry the force of law. Rescissions count as rules too, so this measures regulatory activity, not net growth.
Military3 files+6−7
military/conflictsArmed conflicts
U.S. in 8 armed conflicts → 7
War in Afghanistan (Taliban insurgency)
ended Aug 30, 2021 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against the Taliban
Afghanistan: Islamic State
ended Aug 30, 2021 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against IS
Libya: Islamic State
ended Sep 29, 2019 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against IS
Niger: Islamic State
U.S. combat role recorded through 2022 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against IS
Kenya: al-Shabaab
U.S. combat role recorded through 2021 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against Al-Shabaab
Somalia: Islamic State
ended Dec 19, 2021 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against IS
Iran–Israel conflict
began 2020 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against Israel
Red Sea: the Houthis (Yemen)
began Feb 3, 2024 · U.S. a principal party · against Ansarallah (the Houthis)
Syria: Islamic State
began 2025 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against IS
Nigeria: Islamic State
began 2025 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against IS
Somalia: Islamic State
began Feb 1, 2025 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against IS
1 conflict began and ended in between
Niger: JNIM
Dec 9, 2021 – 2022 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against JNIM
2 conflicts active on both dates
Iraq: insurgency and war against IS
since Aug 8, 2014 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against IS
Somalia: al-Shabaab
since 2015 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against Al-Shabaab
An armed conflict here means at least 25 battle deaths in a year, with U.S. forces as a party or fighting for a government (UCDP's definition). Air strikes, raids, and advisory missions below that threshold aren't included. UN peacekeeping missions are excluded. UCDP data runs through 2025, so "active" on later dates means active at the end of 2025.
military/troopsU.S. troops abroad
−23,452 troops abroadDMDC via troopdata (Allen, Flynn & Martinez Machain) ↗
187,225 → 163,773 active-duty troops stationed abroad · 1,358,945 → 1,335,749 total active duty
15 → 10 countries with 1,000 or more U.S. troops
as of Jun 30, 2019 → as of Mar 31, 2026
Afghanistan 13,000 → 0
−13,000
Iraq 5,200 → 0
−5,200
South Korea 26,086 → 23,372
−2,714
Australia 2,352 → 306
−2,046
Germany 35,232 → 37,009
+1,777
Guam 5,630 → 7,137
+1,507
Kuwait 1,885 → 540
−1,345
Bahrain 4,371 → 3,151
−1,220
Syria 1,000 → 0
−1,000
United Kingdom 9,312 → 10,158
+846
Norway 687 → 89
−598
Puerto Rico 159 → 673
+514
Largest U.S. deployments as of Mar 31, 2026
Japan 54,891
Germany 37,009
South Korea 23,372
Italy 12,783
United Kingdom 10,158
Guam 7,137
Spain 3,835
Bahrain 3,151
Active-duty personnel assigned to each country in the Defense Department's location reports, which leave out most combat deployments, forces afloat, and short rotations: Iraq, Syria, and Afghanistan during their wars are press or Pentagon estimates, and Iraq and Syria read zero after 2023 although a few thousand troops remained. Each date shows the latest report on or before it.
military/spendingCost of war
$282B war fundingDoD Cost of War reports · CRS ↗
$282B spent on named war operations, fiscal years 2019–2024 · Defense Department obligations
Afghanistan $157B
Enduring Freedom → Freedom's Sentinel → Enduring Sentinel · FY2019–FY2024
Ukraine $79.1B
U.S. support operations · FY2022–FY2024
Iraq & Syria $45.9B
Iraqi Freedom → New Dawn → Inherent Resolve · FY2019–FY2024
Lifetime cost of wars fought in this window · constant FY2011 dollars (CRS)
War in Afghanistan (Taliban insurgency) $321B
0.7% of GDP in its peak year · 2001–2021
Operation spending is what the Defense Department obligated to each named operation in each fiscal year, from its Cost of War reports; it excludes State Department and USAID programs, veterans' care, interest, and base budgets. Lifetime costs are the Congressional Research Service's estimates of direct military spending for each war, in FY2011 dollars.
Legislative4 files+1,279−234
legislative/controlControl of Congress
116
117
118
119
Top: House · Bottom: Senate DemocraticRepublican
116th Congress → 119th Congress · 3 new Congresses elected
3 changes of chamber control along the way
House: Democrat majority
235 D · 197 R
House: Republican majority
219 R · 214 D
Senate: Republican majority on both dates
53 R · 47 D → 53 R · 47 D
legislative/senateSenate
+32−32congress-legislators ↗
32 new members · 32 departed · 68 served on both dates · women 25 → 27 · median age 64 → 66
10 seats changed party
Show 6 more seat flips
Who joined and who left (32 in · 32 out)
Tommy Tuberville R
Alabama
Katie Boyd Britt R
Alabama
Mark Kelly D
Arizona
Ruben Gallego D
Arizona
Alex Padilla D
California
Adam B. Schiff D
California
John W. Hickenlooper D
Colorado
Lisa Blunt Rochester D
Delaware
Ashley Moody R
Florida
Jon Ossoff D
Georgia
Raphael G. Warnock D
Georgia
Jim Banks R
Indiana
Roger Marshall R
Kansas
Angela D. Alsobrooks D
Maryland
Elissa Slotkin D
Michigan
Eric Schmitt R
Missouri
Tim Sheehy R
Montana
Ted Budd R
North Carolina
Pete Ricketts R
Nebraska
Andy Kim D
New Jersey
Ben Ray Luján D
New Mexico
Bernie Moreno R
Ohio
Jon Husted R
Ohio
Alan Armstrong R
Oklahoma
John Fetterman D
Pennsylvania
David McCormick R
Pennsylvania
Darline Graham R
South Carolina
Bill Hagerty R
Tennessee
John R. Curtis R
Utah
Peter Welch D
Vermont
James C. Justice R
West Virginia
Cynthia M. Lummis R
Wyoming
Richard C. Shelby R
Alabama
Doug Jones D
Alabama
Martha McSally R
Arizona
Kyrsten Sinema D
Arizona
Kamala D. Harris D
California
Dianne Feinstein D
California
Cory Gardner R
Colorado
Thomas R. Carper D
Delaware
Marco Rubio R
Florida
David Perdue R
Georgia
Johnny Isakson R
Georgia
Mike Braun R
Indiana
Pat Roberts R
Kansas
Benjamin L. Cardin D
Maryland
Debbie Stabenow D
Michigan
Roy Blunt R
Missouri
Jon Tester D
Montana
Richard Burr R
North Carolina
Ben Sasse R
Nebraska
Robert Menendez D
New Jersey
Tom Udall D
New Mexico
Rob Portman R
Ohio
Sherrod Brown D
Ohio
James M. Inhofe R
Oklahoma
Patrick J. Toomey R
Pennsylvania
Robert P. Casey, Jr. D
Pennsylvania
Lindsey Graham R
South Carolina
Lamar Alexander R
Tennessee
Mitt Romney R
Utah
Patrick J. Leahy D
Vermont
Joe Manchin, III D
West Virginia
Michael B. Enzi R
Wyoming
legislative/houseHouse
+202−202congress-legislators ↗
202 new members · 202 departed · 231 served on both dates · women 102 → 125 · median age 59 → 59
26 state delegations changed
Show delegation changes
Alabama 1 D · 6 R
Alabama 2 D · 5 R
Arizona 5 D · 4 R
Arizona 3 D · 6 R
California 46 D · 7 R
California 43 D · 9 R
Colorado 4 D · 3 R
Colorado 4 D · 4 R
Florida 13 D · 14 R
Florida 7 D · 20 R
Iowa 3 D · 1 R
Iowa 0 D · 4 R
Illinois 13 D · 5 R
Illinois 14 D · 3 R
Louisiana 1 D · 5 R
Louisiana 2 D · 4 R
Michigan 7 D · 6 R · 1 other
Michigan 6 D · 7 R
Minnesota 5 D · 3 R
Minnesota 4 D · 4 R
Montana 0 D · 1 R
Montana 0 D · 2 R
North Carolina 3 D · 8 R
North Carolina 4 D · 10 R
New Jersey 11 D · 1 R
New Jersey 9 D · 3 R
New York 21 D · 6 R
New York 19 D · 7 R
Ohio 4 D · 12 R
Ohio 5 D · 10 R
Oklahoma 1 D · 4 R
Oklahoma 0 D · 5 R
Oregon 4 D · 1 R
Oregon 5 D · 1 R
Pennsylvania 9 D · 9 R
Pennsylvania 7 D · 10 R
South Carolina 2 D · 5 R
South Carolina 1 D · 6 R
Tennessee 2 D · 7 R
Tennessee 1 D · 8 R
Texas 13 D · 23 R
Texas 13 D · 24 R
Utah 1 D · 3 R
Utah 0 D · 4 R
Virginia 7 D · 4 R
Virginia 6 D · 5 R
Washington 7 D · 3 R
Washington 8 D · 2 R
Wisconsin 3 D · 5 R
Wisconsin 2 D · 6 R
West Virginia 0 D · 3 R
West Virginia 0 D · 2 R
Who joined and who left (202 in · 202 out)
Nicholas J. Begich III R
Alaska-AL
Barry Moore R
Alabama-1
Dale W. Strong R
Alabama-5
Shomari Figures D
Alabama-2
Elijah Crane R
Arizona-2
Juan Ciscomani R
Arizona-6
Yassamin Ansari D
Arizona-3
Abraham J. Hamadeh R
Arizona-8
Adelita S. Grijalva D
Arizona-7
Darrell Issa R
California-48
David G. Valadao R
California-22
Jay Obernolte R
California-23
Young Kim R
California-40
Sara Jacobs D
California-51
Kevin Mullin D
California-15
Sydney Kamlager-Dove D
California-37
Robert Garcia D
California-42
Vince Fong R
California-20
Lateefah Simon D
California-12
Adam Gray D
California-13
Sam T. Liccardo D
California-16
George Whitesides D
California-27
Luz M. Rivas D
California-29
Laura Friedman D
California-30
Derek Tran D
California-45
Dave Min D
California-47
Kevin Kiley I
California-3
James Gallagher R
California-1
Aisha Wahab D
California-14
Lauren Boebert R
Colorado-4
Brittany Pettersen D
Colorado-7
Jeff Hurd R
Colorado-3
Jeff Crank R
Colorado-5
Gabe Evans R
Colorado-8
Sarah McBride D
Delaware-AL
Kat Cammack R
Florida-3
Scott Franklin R
Florida-18
Byron Donalds R
Florida-19
Carlos A. Gimenez R
Florida-28
Maria Elvira Salazar R
Florida-27
Aaron Bean R
Florida-4
Cory Mills R
Florida-7
Maxwell Frost D
Florida-10
Anna Paulina Luna R
Florida-13
Laurel M. Lee R
Florida-15
Jared Moskowitz D
Florida-23
Mike Haridopolos R
Florida-8
Jimmy Patronis R
Florida-1
Randy Fine R
Florida-6
Nikema Williams D
Georgia-5
Andrew S. Clyde R
Georgia-9
Richard McCormick R
Georgia-7
Mike Collins R
Georgia-10
Brian Jack R
Georgia-3
Clay Fuller R
Georgia-14
Everton Blair Jr. D
Georgia-13
Jill N. Tokuda D
Hawaii-2
Ashley Hinson R
Iowa-2
Mariannette Miller-Meeks R
Iowa-1
Randy Feenstra R
Iowa-4
Zachary Nunn R
Iowa-3
Mary E. Miller R
Illinois-15
Jonathan L. Jackson D
Illinois-1
Delia C. Ramirez D
Illinois-3
Nikki Budzinski D
Illinois-13
Eric Sorensen D
Illinois-17
Frank J. Mrvan D
Indiana-1
Victoria Spartz R
Indiana-5
Rudy Yakym III R
Indiana-2
Erin Houchin R
Indiana-9
Marlin A. Stutzman R
Indiana-3
Jefferson Shreve R
Indiana-6
Mark B. Messmer R
Indiana-8
Tracey Mann R
Kansas-1
Derek Schmidt R
Kansas-2
Morgan McGarvey D
Kentucky-3
Julia Letlow R
Louisiana-5
Troy A. Carter D
Louisiana-2
Cleo Fields D
Louisiana-6
Jake Auchincloss D
Massachusetts-4
Kweisi Mfume D
Maryland-7
Glenn Ivey D
Maryland-4
Johnny Olszewski, Jr. D
Maryland-2
Sarah Elfreth D
Maryland-3
April McClain Delaney D
Maryland-6
Lisa C. McClain R
Michigan-9
Hillary J. Scholten D
Michigan-3
John James R
Michigan-10
Shri Thanedar D
Michigan-13
Tom Barrett R
Michigan-7
Kristen McDonald Rivet D
Michigan-8
Michelle Fischbach R
Minnesota-7
Brad Finstad R
Minnesota-1
Kelly Morrison D
Minnesota-3
Mark Alford R
Missouri-4
Eric Burlison R
Missouri-7
Wesley Bell D
Missouri-1
Robert F. Onder, Jr. R
Missouri-3
Mike Ezell R
Mississippi-4
Ryan K. Zinke R
Montana-1
Troy Downing R
Montana-2
Gregory F. Murphy R
North Carolina-3
Deborah K. Ross D
North Carolina-2
Donald G. Davis D
North Carolina-1
Valerie P. Foushee D
North Carolina-4
Chuck Edwards R
North Carolina-11
Addison P. McDowell R
North Carolina-6
Mark Harris R
North Carolina-8
Pat Harrigan R
North Carolina-10
Brad Knott R
North Carolina-13
Tim Moore R
North Carolina-14
Julie Fedorchak R
North Dakota-AL
Mike Flood R
Nebraska-1
Maggie Goodlander D
New Hampshire-2
Thomas H. Kean, Jr. R
New Jersey-7
Robert Menendez D
New Jersey-8
LaMonica McIver D
New Jersey-10
Herbert C. Conaway, Jr. D
New Jersey-3
Nellie Pou D
New Jersey-9
Analilia Mejia D
New Jersey-11
Teresa Leger Fernandez D
New Mexico-3
Melanie A. Stansbury D
New Mexico-1
Gabe Vasquez D
New Mexico-2
Andrew R. Garbarino R
New York-2
Nicole Malliotakis R
New York-11
Ritchie Torres D
New York-15
Claudia Tenney R
New York-24
Patrick Ryan D
New York-18
Nick LaLota R
New York-1
Daniel S. Goldman D
New York-10
Michael Lawler R
New York-17
Nicholas A. Langworthy R
New York-23
Timothy M. Kennedy D
New York-26
Laura Gillen D
New York-4
George Latimer D
New York-16
Josh Riley D
New York-19
John W. Mannion D
New York-22
Shontel M. Brown D
Ohio-11
Mike Carey R
Ohio-15
Greg Landsman D
Ohio-1
Max L. Miller R
Ohio-7
Emilia Strong Sykes D
Ohio-13
Michael A. Rulli R
Ohio-6
David J. Taylor R
Ohio-2
Stephanie I. Bice R
Oklahoma-5
Josh Brecheen R
Oklahoma-2
Cliff Bentz R
Oregon-2
Val T. Hoyle D
Oregon-4
Andrea Salinas D
Oregon-6
Maxine Dexter D
Oregon-3
Janelle S. Bynum D
Oregon-5
Summer L. Lee D
Pennsylvania-12
Christopher R. Deluzio D
Pennsylvania-17
Ryan Mackenzie R
Pennsylvania-7
Robert P. Bresnahan, Jr. R
Pennsylvania-8
Seth Magaziner D
Rhode Island-2
Gabe Amo D
Rhode Island-1
Nancy Mace R
South Carolina-1
Russell Fry R
South Carolina-7
Sheri Biggs R
South Carolina-3
Diana Harshbarger R
Tennessee-1
Andrew Ogles R
Tennessee-5
Matt Van Epps R
Tennessee-7
Pete Sessions R
Texas-17
Pat Fallon R
Texas-4
August Pfluger R
Texas-11
Ronny Jackson R
Texas-13
Troy E. Nehls R
Texas-22
Beth Van Duyne R
Texas-24
Jake Ellzey R
Texas-6
Nathaniel Moran R
Texas-1
Keith Self R
Texas-3
Morgan Luttrell R
Texas-8
Monica De La Cruz R
Texas-15
Jasmine Crockett D
Texas-30
Greg Casar D
Texas-35
Wesley Hunt R
Texas-38
Craig A. Goldman R
Texas-12
Brandon Gill R
Texas-26
Julie Johnson D
Texas-32
Christian D. Menefee D
Texas-18
Blake D. Moore R
Utah-1
Burgess Owens R
Utah-4
Celeste Maloy R
Utah-2
Mike Kennedy R
Utah-3
Jennifer A. Kiggans R
Virginia-2
Jennifer L. McClellan D
Virginia-4
John J. McGuire III R
Virginia-5
Eugene Simon Vindman D
Virginia-7
Suhas Subramanyam D
Virginia-10
James R. Walkinshaw D
Virginia-11
Becca Balint D
Vermont-AL
Marilyn Strickland D
Washington-10
Marie Gluesenkamp Perez D
Washington-3
Michael Baumgartner R
Washington-5
Emily Randall D
Washington-6
Thomas P. Tiffany R
Wisconsin-7
Scott Fitzgerald R
Wisconsin-5
Derrick Van Orden R
Wisconsin-3
Tony Wied R
Wisconsin-8
Riley M. Moore R
West Virginia-2
Harriet M. Hageman R
Wyoming-AL
Don Young R
Alaska-AL
Martha Roby R
Alabama-2
Bradley Byrne R
Alabama-1
Mo Brooks R
Alabama-5
Tom O’Halleran D
Arizona-1
Ann Kirkpatrick D
Arizona-2
Debbie Lesko R
Arizona-8
Raúl M. Grijalva D
Arizona-3
Ruben Gallego D
Arizona-7
Katie Hill D
California-25
Duncan Hunter R
California-50
Paul Cook R
California-8
Susan A. Davis D
California-53
TJ Cox D
California-21
Harley Rouda D
California-48
Devin Nunes R
California-22
Karen Bass D
California-37
Jerry McNerney D
California-9
Lucille Roybal-Allard D
California-40
Jackie Speier D
California-14
Alan S. Lowenthal D
California-47
Kevin McCarthy R
California-23
Anna G. Eshoo D
California-18
Barbara Lee D
California-13
Grace F. Napolitano D
California-32
Tony Cárdenas D
California-29
Katie Porter D
California-45
Doug LaMalfa R
California-1
Eric Swalwell D
California-15
Adam B. Schiff D
California-28
Scott R. Tipton R
Colorado-3
Ed Perlmutter D
Colorado-7
Ken Buck R
Colorado-4
Doug Lamborn R
Colorado-5
Lisa Blunt Rochester D
Delaware-AL
Ted S. Yoho R
Florida-3
Francis Rooney R
Florida-19
Ross Spano R
Florida-15
Debbie Mucarsel-Powell D
Florida-26
Donna E. Shalala D
Florida-27
Alcee L. Hastings D
Florida-20
Charlie Crist D
Florida-13
Theodore E. Deutch D
Florida-22
Al Lawson, Jr. D
Florida-5
Stephanie N. Murphy D
Florida-7
Val Butler Demings D
Florida-10
Matt Gaetz R
Florida-1
Bill Posey R
Florida-8
Michael Waltz R
Florida-6
John Lewis D
Georgia-5
Tom Graves R
Georgia-14
Rob Woodall R
Georgia-7
Doug Collins R
Georgia-9
Jody B. Hice R
Georgia-10
A. Drew Ferguson IV R
Georgia-3
David Scott D
Georgia-13
Tulsi Gabbard D
Hawaii-2
Steve King R
Iowa-4
David Loebsack D
Iowa-2
Abby Finkenauer D
Iowa-1
Cynthia Axne D
Iowa-3
Daniel Lipinski D
Illinois-3
John Shimkus R
Illinois-15
Adam Kinzinger R
Illinois-16
Bobby L. Rush D
Illinois-1
Rodney Davis R
Illinois-13
Cheri Bustos D
Illinois-17
Peter J. Visclosky D
Indiana-1
Susan W. Brooks R
Indiana-5
Jackie Walorski R
Indiana-2
Trey Hollingsworth R
Indiana-9
Larry Bucshon R
Indiana-8
Greg Pence R
Indiana-6
Jim Banks R
Indiana-3
Steve Watkins R
Kansas-2
Roger Marshall R
Kansas-1
John A. Yarmuth D
Kentucky-3
Ralph Lee Abraham R
Louisiana-5
Cedric L. Richmond D
Louisiana-2
Garret Graves R
Louisiana-6
Joseph P. Kennedy III D
Massachusetts-4
Elijah E. Cummings D
Maryland-7
Anthony G. Brown D
Maryland-4
C. A. Dutch Ruppersberger D
Maryland-2
John P. Sarbanes D
Maryland-3
David J. Trone D
Maryland-6
Paul Mitchell R
Michigan-10
Fred Upton R
Michigan-6
Brenda L. Lawrence D
Michigan-14
Andy Levin D
Michigan-9
Daniel T. Kildee D
Michigan-5
Elissa Slotkin D
Michigan-8
Justin Amash I
Michigan-3
Collin C. Peterson D
Minnesota-7
Jim Hagedorn R
Minnesota-1
Dean Phillips D
Minnesota-3
Wm. Lacy Clay D
Missouri-1
Vicky Hartzler R
Missouri-4
Billy Long R
Missouri-7
Blaine Luetkemeyer R
Missouri-3
Steven M. Palazzo R
Mississippi-4
Greg Gianforte R
Montana-AL
Mark Meadows R
North Carolina-11
George Holding R
North Carolina-2
Mark Walker R
North Carolina-6
G. K. Butterfield D
North Carolina-1
David E. Price D
North Carolina-4
Patrick T. McHenry R
North Carolina-10
Ted Budd R
North Carolina-13
Kelly Armstrong R
North Dakota-AL
Jeff Fortenberry R
Nebraska-1
Ann M. Kuster D
New Hampshire-2
Albio Sires D
New Jersey-8
Tom Malinowski D
New Jersey-7
Donald M. Payne, Jr. D
New Jersey-10
Bill Pascrell, Jr. D
New Jersey-9
Mikie Sherrill D
New Jersey-11
Andy Kim D
New Jersey-3
Xochitl Torres Small D
New Mexico-2
Debra A. Haaland D
New Mexico-1
Ben Ray Luján D
New Mexico-3
Chris Collins R
New York-27
Eliot L. Engel D
New York-16
Peter T. King R
New York-2
Nita M. Lowey D
New York-17
José E. Serrano D
New York-15
Max Rose D
New York-11
Anthony Brindisi D
New York-22
Tom Reed R
New York-23
Antonio Delgado D
New York-19
Carolyn B. Maloney D
New York-12
Sean Patrick Maloney D
New York-18
Lee M. Zeldin R
New York-1
Kathleen M. Rice D
New York-4
John Katko R
New York-24
Brian Higgins D
New York-26
Marcia L. Fudge D
Ohio-11
Steve Stivers R
Ohio-15
Steve Chabot R
Ohio-1
Bob Gibbs R
Ohio-7
Tim Ryan D
Ohio-13
Anthony Gonzalez R
Ohio-16
Bill Johnson R
Ohio-6
Brad R. Wenstrup R
Ohio-2
Kendra S. Horn D
Oklahoma-5
Markwayne Mullin R
Oklahoma-2
Greg Walden R
Oregon-2
Peter A. DeFazio D
Oregon-4
Kurt Schrader D
Oregon-5
Earl Blumenauer D
Oregon-3
Michael F. Doyle D
Pennsylvania-18
Conor Lamb D
Pennsylvania-17
Matt Cartwright D
Pennsylvania-8
Susan Wild D
Pennsylvania-7
Fred Keller R
Pennsylvania-12
James R. Langevin D
Rhode Island-2
David N. Cicilline D
Rhode Island-1
Joe Cunningham D
South Carolina-1
Tom Rice R
South Carolina-7
Jeff Duncan R
South Carolina-3
David P. Roe R
Tennessee-1
Jim Cooper D
Tennessee-5
Mark E. Green R
Tennessee-7
John Ratcliffe R
Texas-4
K. Michael Conaway R
Texas-11
Bill Flores R
Texas-17
Kenny Marchant R
Texas-24
Pete Olson R
Texas-22
Mac Thornberry R
Texas-13
Will Hurd R
Texas-23
Ron Wright R
Texas-6
Filemon Vela D
Texas-34
Kevin Brady R
Texas-8
Louie Gohmert R
Texas-1
Eddie Bernice Johnson D
Texas-30
Van Taylor R
Texas-3
Sheila Jackson Lee D
Texas-18
Michael C. Burgess R
Texas-26
Kay Granger R
Texas-12
Colin Z. Allred D
Texas-32
Rob Bishop R
Utah-1
Ben McAdams D
Utah-4
Chris Stewart R
Utah-2
John R. Curtis R
Utah-3
Denver Riggleman R
Virginia-5
A. Donald McEachin D
Virginia-4
Elaine G. Luria D
Virginia-2
Abigail Davis Spanberger D
Virginia-7
Jennifer Wexton D
Virginia-10
Gerald E. Connolly D
Virginia-11
Peter Welch D
Vermont-AL
Denny Heck D
Washington-10
Jaime Herrera Beutler R
Washington-3
Cathy McMorris Rodgers R
Washington-5
Derek Kilmer D
Washington-6
Sean P. Duffy R
Wisconsin-7
F. James Sensenbrenner, Jr. R
Wisconsin-5
Ron Kind D
Wisconsin-3
Mike Gallagher R
Wisconsin-8
David B. McKinley R
West Virginia-1
Alexander X. Mooney R
West Virginia-2
Liz Cheney R
Wyoming-AL
legislative/lawsLaws enacted
+1,045Congress.gov ↗
1,045 public laws enacted · 6 landmark · 69 notable · 694 routine · 276 ceremonial
CHIPS and Science Act or Creating Helpful Incentives to Produce Semiconductors for America Act landmark
Pub. L. 117-167 · Aug 9, 2022
Continuing Appropriations Act, 2020, and Health Extenders Act of 2019
Pub. L. 116-59 · Sep 27, 2019
Further Continuing Appropriations Act, 2020, and Further Health Extenders Act of 2019
Pub. L. 116-69 · Nov 21, 2019
Preventing Animal Cruelty and Torture Act
Pub. L. 116-72 · Nov 25, 2019
ONDCP Technical Corrections Act of 2019
Pub. L. 116-74 · Nov 27, 2019
Show 30 more notable laws
Hong Kong Human Rights and Democracy Act
Pub. L. 116-76 · Nov 27, 2019
A bill to prohibit the commercial export of covered munitions items to the Hong Kong Police Force
Pub. L. 116-77 · Nov 27, 2019
National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2020
Pub. L. 116-92 · Dec 20, 2019
Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2020
Pub. L. 116-93 · Dec 20, 2019
Further Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2020
Pub. L. 116-94 · Dec 20, 2019
Payment Integrity Information Act of 2019
Pub. L. 116-117 · Mar 2, 2020
Presidential Transition Enhancement Act of 2019
Pub. L. 116-121 · Mar 3, 2020
Coronavirus Preparedness and Response Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2020
Pub. L. 116-123 · Mar 6, 2020
Secure and Trusted Communications Networks Act of 2019
Pub. L. 116-124 · Mar 12, 2020
Families First Coronavirus Response Act
Pub. L. 116-127 · Mar 18, 2020
Secure 5G and Beyond Act of 2020
Pub. L. 116-129 · Mar 23, 2020
Supporting Older Americans Act of 2020
Pub. L. 116-131 · Mar 25, 2020
Taiwan Allies International Protection and Enhancement Initiative (TAIPEI) Act of 2019
Pub. L. 116-135 · Mar 26, 2020
Paycheck Protection Program and Health Care Enhancement Act
Pub. L. 116-139 · Apr 24, 2020
Uyghur Human Rights Policy Act of 2020
Pub. L. 116-145 · Jun 17, 2020
Hong Kong Autonomy Act
Pub. L. 116-149 · Jul 14, 2020
Great American Outdoors Act
Pub. L. 116-152 · Aug 4, 2020
Savanna's Act
Pub. L. 116-165 · Oct 10, 2020
Rodchenkov Anti-Doping Act of 2019
Pub. L. 116-206 · Dec 4, 2020
Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act
Pub. L. 116-222 · Dec 18, 2020
Sen. John Kennedy R-LA · voice vote or unanimous consent · signed by Trump
Save Our Seas 2.0 Act
Pub. L. 116-224 · Dec 18, 2020
Sen. Dan Sullivan R-AK · voice vote or unanimous consent · signed by Trump
Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021
Pub. L. 116-260 · Dec 27, 2020
Rep. Henry Cuellar D-TX-28 · House 359–53 · signed by Trump
William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021
Pub. L. 116-283 · Jan 1, 2021
Competitive Health Insurance Reform Act of 2020
Pub. L. 116-327 · Jan 13, 2021
Rep. Peter DeFazio D-OR-4 · voice vote or unanimous consent · signed by Trump
Malala Yousafzai Scholarship Act
Pub. L. 116-338 · Jan 13, 2021
Rep. Hakeem Jeffries D-NY-8 · House 374–16 · signed by Trump
PPP Extension Act of 2021
Pub. L. 117-6 · Mar 30, 2021
Capitol Police Emergency Assistance Act of 2021
Pub. L. 117-77 · Dec 22, 2021
Sen. Amy Klobuchar D-MN · voice vote or unanimous consent · signed by Biden
To ensure that goods made with forced labor in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of the People's Republic of China do not enter the United States market, and for other purposes.
Pub. L. 117-78 · Dec 23, 2021
Rep. James McGovern D-MA-2 · voice vote or unanimous consent · signed by Biden
National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2022
Pub. L. 117-81 · Dec 27, 2021
Puerto Rico Recovery Accuracy in Disclosures Act of 2021 (PRRADA)
Pub. L. 117-82 · Jan 20, 2022
Rep. Nydia Velazquez D-NY-7 · House 429–0 · signed by Biden
Under each law: its sponsor, the final-passage roll call in each chamber (hover for the party split; no roll call means a voice vote or unanimous consent), and the president who signed it. Sources: Congress.gov, the House Clerk, and the Senate.
Judicial3 files+794−2
judicial/supreme-courtThe Supreme Court
Bench by appointing party: 5 R · 4 D → 6 R · 3 D · every justice ↗
Ruth Bader Ginsburg D
appointed by William J. Clinton · 1993 · confirmed 96–3
Stephen Gerald Breyer D
appointed by William J. Clinton · 1994 · confirmed 87–9
Amy Coney Barrett R
appointed by Donald J. Trump · 2020 · confirmed 52–48
Ketanji Brown Jackson D
appointed by Joseph R. Biden · 2022 · confirmed 53–47
7 justices served on both dates
Clarence Thomas R
appointed by George H.W. Bush · 1991 · confirmed 52–48
John Glover Roberts, Jr. R
appointed by George W. Bush · 2005 · confirmed 78–22
Samuel A. Alito, Jr. R
appointed by George W. Bush · 2006 · confirmed 58–42
Sonia Sotomayor D
appointed by Barack Obama · 2009 · confirmed 68–31
Elena Kagan D
appointed by Barack Obama · 2010 · confirmed 63–37
Neil M. Gorsuch R
appointed by Donald J. Trump · 2017 · confirmed 54–45
Brett M. Kavanaugh R
appointed by Donald J. Trump · 2018 · confirmed 50–48
judicial/lower-courtsAppeals & district courts
Courts of appeals (active judges): 92 R · 82 D · 1 N( → 92 R · 87 D
District courts (active judges): 320 D · 259 R → 373 D · 279 R
Donald J. Trump R appointed 147 judges
1 Supreme Court · 21 appeals · 122 district · 3 other
Joseph R. Biden D appointed 235 judges
1 Supreme Court · 45 appeals · 187 district · 2 other
1 circuit flipped majority
Eleventh Circuit 6 D · 5 R (D majority)
Eleventh Circuit 5 D · 7 R (R majority)
D and R describe the party of the appointing president, not the judge. Active service ends when a judge takes senior status.
judicial/rulingsSupreme Court decisions
410 argued decisions · 29 landmark
Allen v. Cooper
No. 18-877 · Mar 23, 2020 · Decided 9–0 · Federalism · Affirmed · Declared federal law unconstitutional
Ramos v. Louisiana
No. 18-5924 · Apr 20, 2020 · Decided 6–3 · Criminal Procedure · Reversed · Overruled precedent · Struck down state law
Bostock v. Clayton County
No. 17-1618 · Jun 15, 2020 · Decided 6–3 · Civil Rights · Reversed and remanded
Seila Law LLC v. Consumer Financial Protection Bureau
No. 19-7 · Jun 29, 2020 · Decided 5–4 · Miscellaneous · Vacated and remanded · Declared federal law unconstitutional
Barr v. American Association of Political Consultants Inc.
No. 19-631 · Jul 6, 2020 · Decided 6–3 · First Amendment · Affirmed · Declared federal law unconstitutional
Edwards v. Vannoy
No. 19-5807 · May 17, 2021 · Decided 6–3 · Criminal Procedure · Affirmed · Overruled precedent
United States v. Arthrex Inc.
No. 19-1434 · Jun 21, 2021 · Decided 5–4 · Miscellaneous · Vacated and remanded · Declared federal law unconstitutional
Collins v. Yellen
No. 19-422 · Jun 23, 2021 · Decided 7–2 · Miscellaneous · Affirmed in part, reversed in part, remanded · Declared federal law unconstitutional
Federal Election Commission v. Ted Cruz for Senate
No. 21-12 · May 16, 2022 · Decided 6–3 · First Amendment · Affirmed · Declared federal law unconstitutional
Shinn v. Ramirez
No. 20-1009 · May 23, 2022 · Decided 6–3 · Criminal Procedure · Reversed · Overruled precedent
Show 19 more
Siegel v. Fitzgerald
Jun 6, 2022 · Decided 9–0 · Economic Activity · Reversed and remanded · Declared federal law unconstitutional
New York State Rifle & Pistol Association Inc. v. Bruen
Jun 23, 2022 · Decided 6–3 · Criminal Procedure · Reversed and remanded · Struck down state law
Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization
Jun 24, 2022 · Decided 6–3 · Privacy · Reversed and remanded · Overruled precedent
Kennedy v. Bremerton School District
Jun 27, 2022 · Decided 6–3 · First Amendment · Reversed · Overruled precedent · Struck down local ordinance
West Virginia v. Environmental Protection Agency
Jun 30, 2022 · Decided 6–3 · Economic Activity · Reversed and remanded
Allen v. Milligan
Jun 8, 2023 · Decided 5–4 · Civil Rights · Affirmed
Students for Fair Admissions Inc. v. President & Fellows of Harvard College
Jun 29, 2023 · Decided 6–2 · Civil Rights · Reversed · Overruled precedent
Biden v. Nebraska
Jun 30, 2023 · Decided 6–3 · Economic Activity · Reversed and remanded
Trump v. Anderson
Mar 4, 2024 · Decided 9–0 · Civil Rights · Reversed
Securities and Exchange Commission v. Jarkesy
Jun 27, 2024 · Decided 6–3 · Economic Activity · Affirmed
Loper Bright Enterprises v. Raimondo
Jun 28, 2024 · Decided 6–2 · Economic Activity · Vacated and remanded · Overruled precedent
Trump v. United States
Jul 1, 2024 · Decided 6–3 · Criminal Procedure · Vacated and remanded
United States v. Skrmetti
Jun 18, 2025 · Decided 6–3 · Civil Rights · Affirmed
Trump v. Casa, Inc.
Jun 27, 2025 · Decided 6–3 · Judicial Power
Learning Resources v. Trump
Feb 20, 2026 · Decided 6–3 · Miscellaneous · Vacated
Louisiana v. Callais
Apr 29, 2026 · Decided 6–3 · Civil Rights · Affirmed · Struck down state law
Cisco Systems v. Doe
Jun 23, 2026 · Decided 6–3 · Judicial Power · Reversed and remanded · Overruled precedent
Trump v. Slaughter
Jun 29, 2026 · Decided 6–3 · Miscellaneous · Reversed and remanded · Overruled precedent · Declared federal law unconstitutional
National Republican Senatorial Committee v. Federal Election Commission
Jun 30, 2026 · Decided 6–3 · First Amendment · Reversed and remanded · Overruled precedent · Declared federal law unconstitutional
Landmark means the Court overruled precedent, struck down a federal law, or the case is on a curated landmark list.
Fiscal3 files±0
fiscal/budgetThe federal budget
+29% real spendingMonthly Treasury Statement ↗
Actual spending and revenue in the 12 months before each date · Aug 2019 → Aug 2026
Spending $4.38T
12 months ending Aug 2019
Spending $7.16T
12 months ending Aug 2026 · +63% nominal · +29% after inflation
Revenue $3.43T
12 months ending Aug 2019
Revenue $5.39T
12 months ending Aug 2026 · +57% nominal · +24% after inflation
Surplus / deficit −$948B
12 months ending Aug 2019
Surplus / deficit −$1.77T
12 months ending Aug 2026 · −$820B
Spending by function, by fiscal year · real change
Annual budget tables only have final figures through fiscal year 2025, which can't show change over a short or recent span. This compares the latest 12 months of actual Treasury figures before each date instead. Spending in any 12 months mostly reflects budgets passed earlier.
fiscal/debtTotal public debt outstanding
+$17.8TTreasury Fiscal Data ↗
$22.5T
as of Sep 11, 2019
$40.3T
as of Oct 13, 2026
fiscal/economyPrices and jobs
+31% pricesBureau of Labor Statistics ↗
Prices rose 31% · a dollar in Aug 2019 bought what $1.31 buys in Sep 2026
Consumer prices 256.6
CPI-U, Aug 2019
Consumer prices 336.9
CPI-U, Sep 2026 · +31%
Unemployment 3.6%
Aug 2019
Unemployment 4.2%
Sep 2026 · +0.6 points
Latest monthly reading on or before each date. Prices are the Consumer Price Index for all urban consumers (from 1913); unemployment is the seasonally adjusted rate (from 1948).
Constitution & Union1 file±0
constitution/amendmentsAmendments & statehood
27 → 27 amendments in force · 50 → 50 states
No amendments ratified and no states admitted. The last amendment was the 27th, in 1992.
Reverts1 file−214
revert/undoneWhat was undone
178 executive orders revoked or superseded · 26 rules struck down by Congress · 10 Supreme Court precedents overruled
Trump revoked 92 orders: 80 by Biden, 4 by Obama, 4 by themselves, 3 by Clinton, 1 by Bush
Biden revoked 86 orders: 68 by Trump, 9 by Obama, 7 by themselves, 2 by Bush
Show 168 more revoked orders
EO 14010 Creating a Comprehensive Regional Framework To Address the Causes of Migration, To Manage Migration Throughout North and Central America, and To Provide Safe and Orderly Processing of Asylum Seekers at the United States Border
signed Feb 2, 2021 by Biden · revoked Jan 20, 2025 by EO 14148 (Trump)
26 agency rules nullified under the Congressional Review Act
Show 20 more
10 decisions that overruled precedent
Ramos v. Louisiana
Apr 20, 2020 · 6-3 · Criminal Procedure
Edwards v. Vannoy
May 17, 2021 · 6-3 · Criminal Procedure
Shinn v. Ramirez
May 23, 2022 · 6-3 · Criminal Procedure
Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization
Jun 24, 2022 · 6-3 · Privacy
Kennedy v. Bremerton School District
Jun 27, 2022 · 6-3 · First Amendment
Students for Fair Admissions Inc. v. President & Fellows of Harvard College
Jun 29, 2023 · 6-2 · Civil Rights
Loper Bright Enterprises v. Raimondo
Jun 28, 2024 · 6-2 · Economic Activity
Cisco Systems v. Doe
Jun 23, 2026 · 6-3 · Judicial Power
Show 2 more
Trump v. Slaughter
Jun 29, 2026 · 6-3 · Miscellaneous
National Republican Senatorial Committee v. Federal Election Commission
Jun 30, 2026 · 6-3 · First Amendment
Revocations are full revocations or supersessions recorded in the Federal Register (partial amendments aren't counted). Congressional Review Act disapprovals are identified by title. Laws repealed outright aren't tracked yet. Agencies abolished are in the Executive section.
Log1 file±0
logEverything in between
161 events
- lawContinuing Appropriations Act, 2020, and Health Extenders Act of 2019
- war−Libya: Islamic State
- lawFurther Continuing Appropriations Act, 2020, and Further Health Extenders Act of 2019
- lawPreventing Animal Cruelty and Torture Act
- lawONDCP Technical Corrections Act of 2019
- lawHong Kong Human Rights and Democracy Act
- lawA bill to prohibit the commercial export of covered munitions items to the Hong Kong Police Force
- agency−Overseas Private Investment Corporation
- agency+United States International Development Finance Corporation
- lawNational Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2020
- lawConsolidated Appropriations Act, 2020
- lawFurther Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2020
- orderAdjustments of Certain Rates of Pay
- war+Iran–Israel conflict
- lawPayment Integrity Information Act of 2019
- lawPresidential Transition Enhancement Act of 2019
- lawCoronavirus Preparedness and Response Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2020
- lawSecure and Trusted Communications Networks Act of 2019
- lawFamilies First Coronavirus Response Act
- lawSecure 5G and Beyond Act of 2020
- rulingAllen v. Cooper
- lawSupporting Older Americans Act of 2020
- lawTaiwan Allies International Protection and Enhancement Initiative (TAIPEI) Act of 2019
- lawCoronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act
- orderEstablishing the Committee for the Assessment of Foreign Participation in the United States Telecommunications Services Sector
- rulingRamos v. Louisiana
- lawPaycheck Protection Program and Health Care Enhancement Act
- rulingBostock v. Clayton County
- lawUyghur Human Rights Policy Act of 2020
- rulingSeila Law LLC v. Consumer Financial Protection Bureau
- rulingBarr v. American Association of Political Consultants Inc.
- lawHong Kong Autonomy Act
- lawGreat American Outdoors Act
- agency−Dwight D. Eisenhower Memorial Commission
- orderAn America-First Healthcare Plan
- lawSavanna's Act
- justiceAmy Coney Barrett — Associate Justice
- lawRodchenkov Anti-Doping Act of 2019
- lawHolding Foreign Companies Accountable Act
- lawSave Our Seas 2.0 Act
- lawConsolidated Appropriations Act, 2021
- orderAdjustments of Certain Rates of Pay
- agency+Office of the National Cyber Director
- lawWilliam M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021
- lawCompetitive Health Insurance Reform Act of 2020
- lawMalala Yousafzai Scholarship Act
- presidentJoseph Robinette Biden Jr. takes office
- orderTackling the Climate Crisis at Home and Abroad
- lawAmerican Rescue Plan Act of 2021
- lawPPP Extension Act of 2021
- orderImproving the Nation's Cybersecurity
- rulingEdwards v. Vannoy
- rulingUnited States v. Arthrex Inc.
- rulingCollins v. Yellen
- orderDiversity, Equity, Inclusion, and Accessibility in the Federal Workforce
- orderPromoting Competition in the American Economy
- war−War in Afghanistan (Taliban insurgency)
- war−Afghanistan: Islamic State
- lawInfrastructure Investment and Jobs Act
- orderCatalyzing Clean Energy Industries and Jobs Through Federal Sustainability
- war+Niger: JNIM
- orderTransforming Federal Customer Experience and Service Delivery To Rebuild Trust in Government
- war−Somalia: Islamic State
- orderAdjustments of Certain Rates of Pay
- lawCapitol Police Emergency Assistance Act of 2021
- lawTo ensure that goods made with forced labor in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of the People's Republic of China do not enter the United States market, and for other purposes.
- lawNational Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2022
- war−Kenya: al-Shabaab
- lawPuerto Rico Recovery Accuracy in Disclosures Act of 2021 (PRRADA)
- order2022 Amendments to the Manual for Courts-Martial, United States
- orderEnsuring Responsible Development of Digital Assets
- lawConsolidated Appropriations Act, 2022
- lawEmmett Till Antilynching Act
- lawPostal Service Reform Act of 2022
- justiceKetanji Brown Jackson — Associate Justice
- lawUkraine Democracy Defense Lend-Lease Act of 2022
- rulingFederal Election Commission v. Ted Cruz for Senate
- rulingShinn v. Ramirez
- orderAdvancing Effective, Accountable Policing and Criminal Justice Practices To Enhance Public Trust and Public Safety
- rulingSiegel v. Fitzgerald
- rulingNew York State Rifle & Pistol Association Inc. v. Bruen
- rulingDobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization
- lawBipartisan Safer Communities Act
- rulingKennedy v. Bremerton School District
- rulingWest Virginia v. Environmental Protection Agency
- lawCHIPS and Science Act or Creating Helpful Incentives to Produce Semiconductors for America Act
- lawHonoring our PACT Act of 2022
- lawInflation Reduction Act of 2022
- orderAdvancing Biotechnology and Biomanufacturing Innovation for a Sustainable, Safe, and Secure American Bioeconomy
- orderEnhancing Safeguards for United States Signals Intelligence Activities
- lawMedical Marijuana and Cannabidiol Research Expansion Act
- lawSpeak Out Act
- lawRespect for Marriage Act
- orderAdjustments of Certain Rates of Pay
- lawJames M. Inhofe National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023
- lawConsolidated Appropriations Act, 2023
- war−Niger: JNIM
- war−Niger: Islamic State
- lawSami's Law
- orderFurther Advancing Racial Equity and Support for Underserved Communities Through the Federal Government
- lawCOVID–19 Origin Act of 2023
- orderIncreasing Access to High-Quality Care and Supporting Caregivers
- orderRevitalizing Our Nation's Commitment to Environmental Justice for All
- lawFiscal Responsibility Act of 2023
- rulingAllen v. Milligan
- rulingStudents for Fair Admissions Inc. v. President & Fellows of Harvard College
- rulingBiden v. Nebraska
- order2023 Amendments to the Manual for Courts-Martial, United States
- lawContinuing Appropriations Act, 2024 and Other Extensions Act
- orderSafe, Secure, and Trustworthy Development and Use of Artificial Intelligence
- lawFurther Continuing Appropriations and Other Extensions Act, 2024
- orderAdjustments of Certain Rates of Pay
- lawNational Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2024
- war+Red Sea: the Houthis (Yemen)
- orderPreventing Access to Americans' Bulk Sensitive Personal Data and United States Government-Related Data by Countries of Concern
- rulingTrump v. Anderson
- lawConsolidated Appropriations Act, 2024
- lawEradicating Narcotic Drugs and Formulating Effective New Tools to Address National Yearly Losses of life Act (END FENTANYL Act)
- lawProhibiting Russian Uranium Imports Act
- rulingSecurities and Exchange Commission v. Jarkesy
- rulingLoper Bright Enterprises v. Raimondo
- rulingTrump v. United States
- lawAll-American Flag Act
- order2024 Amendments to the Manual for Courts Martial, United States
- lawAmerican Relief Act, 2025
- orderAdjustments of Certain Rates of Pay
- lawServicemember Quality of Life Improvement and National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2025
- war+Syria: Islamic State
- war+Nigeria: Islamic State
- lawSocial Security Fairness Act of 2023
- orderAdvancing United States Leadership in Artificial Intelligence Infrastructure
- orderStrengthening and Promoting Innovation in the Nation's Cybersecurity
- presidentDonald J. Trump takes office
- lawLaken Riley Act
- war+Somalia: Islamic State
- lawFull-Year Continuing Appropriations and Extensions Act, 2025
- orderRegulating Imports With a Reciprocal Tariff To Rectify Trade Practices That Contribute to Large and Persistent Annual United States Goods Trade Deficits
- lawTools to Address Known Exploitation by Immobilizing Technological Deepfakes on Websites and Networks Act (TAKE IT DOWN Act)
- rulingUnited States v. Skrmetti
- rulingTrump v. Casa, Inc.
- lawOne Big Beautiful Bill Act
- lawGuiding and Establishing National Innovation for U.S. Stablecoins Act (GENIUS Act)
- lawRescissions Act of 2025
- orderAddressing Threats to the United States by the Government of Brazil
- orderFurther Modifying the Reciprocal Tariff Rates
- orderModifying the Scope of Reciprocal Tariffs and Establishing Procedures for Implementing Trade and Security Agreements
- orderModifying the Scope of the Reciprocal Tariffs With Respect to Certain Agricultural Products
- lawEpstein Files Transparency Act
- orderModifying the Scope of Tariffs on the Government of Brazil
- orderAdjustments of Certain Rates of Pay
- lawNational Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2026
- lawWhole Milk for Healthy Kids Act of 2025
- rulingLearning Resources v. Trump
- rulingLouisiana v. Callais
- orderImplementing Schedule Policy/Career in the Excepted Service
- rulingCisco Systems v. Doe
- lawLulu's Law
- rulingTrump v. Slaughter
- rulingNational Republican Senatorial Committee v. Federal Election Commission
- law21st Century ROAD to Housing Act
- lawLindsey O. Graham Sanctioning Russia and Iran Act of 2026