How did the United States change between Jan 20, 2017 and Jan 19, 2021?
Pick two dates. See the laws, the executive orders, the courts, Congress, federal agencies, the Constitution and the budget, as a diff.
$ civicdiff 2017-01-20..2021-01-19 # 4 years
jsonLaws enacted
+78695 notable
Executive orders
+220signed
Final rules
+12,9651,124 significant
Supreme Court
3 of 9seats changed hands
Agencies
+6 −5departments & tracked agencies
Public debt
+$7.81T$19.9T → $27.8T
The presidency passed from Barack Hussein Obama to Donald J. Trump. Congress enacted 786 public laws. 18 senators and 148 representatives took seats that they did not hold before. 3 new justices joined the Supreme Court. Inflation-adjusted federal spending changed +57% (FY2017 → FY2021).
Executive
executive/presidentThe presidencyBarack Hussein Obama D
44th president
Donald J. Trump R
45th president · took office Jan 20, 2017
executive/vice-presidentThe vice presidencyMike Pence R
took office Jan 20, 2017
executive/cabinetCabinet & senior officials+32−31Wikidata ↗
Secretary of State · 2 people took this office in between
Secretary of the Treasury
Jack Lew D
Secretary of Defense · 2 people took this office in between
Christopher C. Miller (acting)
Attorney General · 2 people took this office in between
Jeffrey A. Rosen R (acting)
Postmaster General
Secretary of the Navy · 4 people took this office in between
Show 19 more cabinet offices
Secretary of the Interior · 2 people took this office in between
David L. Bernhardt R (acting)
Secretary of Agriculture · 2 people took this office in between
Secretary of Commerce
Secretary of Labor · 2 people took this office in between
Secretary of Health and Human Services · 2 people took this office in between
Secretary of Housing and Urban Development
Secretary of Transportation
Steven G. Bradbury R (acting)
Secretary of Energy · 3 people took this office in between
Secretary of Education · 2 people took this office in between
Mick Zais R (acting)
Secretary of Veterans Affairs · 2 people took this office in between
Secretary of Homeland Security · 2 people took this office in between
Pete Gaynor (acting)
White House Chief of Staff · 3 people took this office in between
Director of the Office of Management and Budget · 3 people took this office in between
Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency · 2 people took this office in between
Ambassador to the United Nations · 4 people took this office in between
Director of National Intelligence · 3 people took this office in between
Director of the Central Intelligence Agency · 2 people took this office in between
Administrator of the Small Business Administration · 3 people took this office in between
U.S. Trade Representative
Other senior officials (7 changed)
Postmaster General
Secretary of the Navy · 4 people took this office in between
Chair of the Federal Reserve
Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff
Director of the FBI
National Security Advisor · 5 people took this office in between
Solicitor General · 2 people took this office in between
Ian Heath Gershengorn (acting)
Jeff Wall (acting)
executive/ordersExecutive orders220 executive orders signed · Donald Trump 220
738 → 937 orders (issued since 1994) in force · 21 revoked in this window
EO 13780 Protecting the Nation From Foreign Terrorist Entry Into the United States
Mar 6, 2017 · Donald Trump
EO 13819 Adjustments of Certain Rates of Pay
Dec 22, 2017 · Donald Trump
EO 13825 2018 Amendments to the Manual for Courts-Martial, United States
Mar 1, 2018 · Donald Trump
EO 13846 Reimposing Certain Sanctions With Respect to Iran
Aug 6, 2018 · Donald Trump
EO 13856 Adjustments of Certain Rates of Pay
Dec 28, 2018 · Donald Trump
EO 13866 Adjustments of Certain Rates of Pay
Mar 28, 2019 · Donald Trump
EO 13901 Adjustments of Certain Rates of Pay
Dec 26, 2019 · Donald Trump
EO 13913 Establishing the Committee for the Assessment of Foreign Participation in the United States Telecommunications Services Sector
Apr 4, 2020 · Donald Trump
Show 6 more
EO 13951 An America-First Healthcare Plan
Sep 24, 2020 · Donald Trump
EO 13970 Adjustments of Certain Rates of Pay
Dec 31, 2020 · Donald Trump
EO 13765 Minimizing the Economic Burden of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act Pending Repeal
Jan 20, 2017 · Donald Trump
EO 13766 Expediting Environmental Reviews and Approvals for High Priority Infrastructure Projects
Jan 24, 2017 · Donald Trump
EO 13767 Border Security and Immigration Enforcement Improvements
Jan 25, 2017 · Donald Trump
EO 13768 Enhancing Public Safety in the Interior of the United States
Jan 25, 2017 · Donald Trump
executive/nominationsSenate confirmations+1,314Congress.gov ↗
2,098 civilian nominations received · 1,314 confirmed · 101 withdrawn · 671 returned to the President
John F. Kelly, of Virginia, to be Secretary of Homeland Security.
confirmed Jan 20, 2017 · 88–11
James Mattis, of Washington, to be Secretary of Defense.
confirmed Jan 20, 2017 · 98–1
Mike Pompeo, of Kansas, to be Director of the Central Intelligence Agency, vice John Owen Brennan.
confirmed Jan 23, 2017 · 66–32
Elaine L. Chao, of Kentucky, to be Secretary of Transportation.
confirmed Jan 31, 2017 · 93–6
Rex W. Tillerson, of Texas, to be Secretary of State.
confirmed Feb 1, 2017 · 55–43
Jeff Sessions, of Alabama, to be Attorney General.
confirmed Feb 8, 2017 · 52–47
Thomas Price, of Georgia, to be Secretary of Health and Human Services.
confirmed Feb 10, 2017 · 52–47
David J. Shulkin, of Pennsylvania, to be Secretary of Veterans Affairs.
confirmed Feb 13, 2017 · 100–0
Steven T. Mnuchin, of California, to be Secretary of the Treasury.
confirmed Feb 13, 2017 · 53–47
Show 29 more top confirmations
Scott Pruitt, of Oklahoma, to be Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency.
confirmed Feb 17, 2017 · 52–46
Wilbur L. Ross, Jr., of Florida, to be Secretary of Commerce.
confirmed Feb 27, 2017 · 72–27
Ryan Zinke, of Montana, to be Secretary of the Interior.
confirmed Mar 1, 2017 · 68–31
Benjamin S. Carson, Sr., of Florida, to be Secretary of Housing and Urban Development.
confirmed Mar 2, 2017 · 58–41
James Richard Perry, of Texas, to be Secretary of Energy.
confirmed Mar 2, 2017 · 62–37
Daniel Coats, of Indiana, to be Director of National Intelligence, vice James R. Clapper, Jr.
confirmed Mar 15, 2017 · 85–12
Sonny Perdue, of Georgia, to be Secretary of Agriculture.
confirmed Apr 24, 2017 · 87–11
R. Alexander Acosta, of Florida, to be Secretary of Labor.
confirmed Apr 27, 2017 · 60–38
Kirstjen Nielsen, of Virginia, to be Secretary of Homeland Security, vice John F. Kelly, resigned.
confirmed Dec 5, 2017 · 62–37
Alex Michael Azar II, of Indiana, to be Secretary of Health and Human Services, vice Thomas Price, resigned.
confirmed Jan 24, 2018 · 55–43
Mike Pompeo, of Kansas, to be Secretary of State, vice Rex W. Tillerson.
confirmed Apr 26, 2018 · 57–42
Gina Haspel, of Kentucky, to be Director of the Central Intelligence Agency, vice Mike Pompeo.
confirmed May 17, 2018 · 54–45
Robert L. Wilkie, of North Carolina, to be Secretary of Veterans Affairs, vice David J. Shulkin.
confirmed Jul 23, 2018 · 86–9
William Pelham Barr, of Virginia, to be Attorney General, vice Jeff Sessions, resigned.
confirmed Feb 14, 2019 · 54–45
Andrew Wheeler, of Virginia, to be Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, vice Scott Pruitt.
confirmed Feb 28, 2019 · 52–47
David Bernhardt, of Virginia, to be Secretary of the Interior, vice Ryan Zinke.
confirmed Apr 11, 2019 · 56–41
Mark T. Esper, of Virginia, to be Secretary of Defense, vice James Mattis, resigned.
confirmed Jul 23, 2019 · 90–8
Eugene Scalia, of Virginia, to be Secretary of Labor, vice R. Alexander Acosta, resigned.
confirmed Sep 26, 2019 · 53–44
Dan R. Brouillette, of Texas, to be Secretary of Energy, vice James Richard Perry, resigning.
confirmed Dec 2, 2019 · 70–15
Jovita Carranza, of Illinois, to be Administrator of the Small Business Administration, vice Linda E. McMahon.
confirmed Jan 7, 2020 · 88–5
John L. Ratcliffe, of Texas, to be Director of National Intelligence, vice Daniel Coats, resigned.
confirmed May 21, 2020 · 49–44
Russell Vought, of Virginia, to be Director of the Office of Management and Budget, vice Mick Mulvaney.
confirmed Jul 20, 2020 · 51–45
Civilian nominations only (military promotions excluded). Top confirmations are cabinet-level posts, Supreme Court justices, and the Fed chair.
executive/agenciesFederal agencies+6−5Wikidata ↗
427 → 428 tracked organizations · 16 → 16 executive departments
National Commission on Military, National, and Public Service
established Sep 19, 2017
United States International Development Finance Corporation
established Dec 20, 2019 · an executive agency of the US federal government responsible for providing foreign aid
Office of the National Cyber Director
established Jan 1, 2021 · US government agency on cybersecurity
National Vetting Center
established Jan 1, 2018 · United States government agency
Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency
established Nov 16, 2018 · agency of the United States Department of Homeland Security
Countering Weapons of Mass Destruction Office
established Dec 21, 2018
Overseas Private Investment Corporation
abolished Dec 20, 2019 · government agency of the United States of America · replaced by United States International Development Finance Corporation
Dwight D. Eisenhower Memorial Commission
abolished Sep 17, 2020
Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center
abolished Sep 30, 2017 · organization
National Background Investigations Bureau
abolished Jan 1, 2019 · succesor Agency to the Federal Investigative Services Division · replaced by Defense Counterintelligence and Security Agency
Show 1 more
Development Credit Authority
abolished Dec 20, 2019 · replaced by United States International Development Finance Corporation
Agency start and end dates come from Wikidata, which covers smaller bureaus unevenly.
executive/regulationsFederal regulations+12,965Federal Register API ↗
12,965 final rules published in the Federal Register
from Jan 20, 2017
1,124 of them flagged "significant" under EO 12866
major economic or policy impact
8,215 proposed rules · 88,446 notices
Loading which agencies published the most rules…
Final rules carry the force of law. Rescissions count as rules too, so this measures regulatory activity, not net growth.
Military
military/conflictsArmed conflictsU.S. in 7 armed conflicts → 8
War against al-Qaida
ended Dec 4, 2017 · U.S. a principal party · against al-Qaida
Libya: Islamic State
ended Sep 29, 2019 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against IS
Kenya: al-Shabaab
began 2019 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against Al-Shabaab
Somalia: Islamic State
began Jun 4, 2019 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against IS
Iran–Israel conflict
began 2020 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against Israel
1 conflict began and ended in between
War against al-Qaida
Jul 31, 2019 – Sep 7, 2019 · U.S. a principal party · against al-Qaida
5 conflicts active on both dates
War in Afghanistan (Taliban insurgency)
since 2003 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against the Taliban
Iraq: insurgency and war against IS
since Aug 8, 2014 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against IS
Somalia: al-Shabaab
since 2015 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against Al-Shabaab
Afghanistan: Islamic State
since Mar 3, 2015 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against IS
Niger: Islamic State
since 2017 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against IS
An armed conflict here means at least 25 battle deaths in a year, with U.S. forces as a party or fighting for a government (UCDP's definition). Air strikes, raids, and advisory missions below that threshold aren't included. UN peacekeeping missions are excluded.
Legislative
legislative/controlControl of Congress115
116
117
Top: House · Bottom: Senate DemocraticRepublican
115th Congress → 117th Congress · 2 new Congresses elected
1 change of chamber control along the way
House: Republican majority
241 R · 194 D
House: Democrat majority
221 D · 211 R
Senate: Republican majority on both dates
52 R · 48 D → 51 R · 47 D
legislative/senateSenate+18−20congress-legislators ↗
18 new members · 20 departed · 80 served on both dates · women 21 → 25 · median age 63 → 65
8 seats changed party
Jeff Flake R
Arizona
Kyrsten Sinema D
Arizona
Joe Donnelly D
Indiana
Mike Braun R
Indiana
Heidi Heitkamp D
North Dakota
Kevin Cramer R
North Dakota
Dean Heller R
Nevada
Jacky Rosen D
Nevada
Show 4 more seat flips
Claire McCaskill D
Missouri
Josh Hawley R
Missouri
Bill Nelson D
Florida
Rick Scott R
Florida
John McCain R
Arizona
Mark Kelly D
Arizona
Cory Gardner R
Colorado
John W. Hickenlooper D
Colorado
Who joined and who left (18 in · 20 out)
Tommy Tuberville R
Alabama
Kyrsten Sinema D
Arizona
Mark Kelly D
Arizona
John W. Hickenlooper D
Colorado
Rick Scott R
Florida
Kelly Loeffler R
Georgia
Mike Braun R
Indiana
Roger Marshall R
Kansas
Tina Smith D
Minnesota
Josh Hawley R
Missouri
Cindy Hyde-Smith R
Mississippi
Kevin Cramer R
North Dakota
Ben Ray Luján D
New Mexico
Jacky Rosen D
Nevada
Marsha Blackburn R
Tennessee
Bill Hagerty R
Tennessee
Mitt Romney R
Utah
Cynthia M. Lummis R
Wyoming
Jeff Sessions R
Alabama
Jeff Flake R
Arizona
John McCain R
Arizona
Kamala D. Harris D
California
Cory Gardner R
Colorado
Bill Nelson D
Florida
David Perdue R
Georgia
Johnny Isakson R
Georgia
Joe Donnelly D
Indiana
Pat Roberts R
Kansas
Al Franken D
Minnesota
Claire McCaskill D
Missouri
Thad Cochran R
Mississippi
Heidi Heitkamp D
North Dakota
Tom Udall D
New Mexico
Dean Heller R
Nevada
Bob Corker R
Tennessee
Lamar Alexander R
Tennessee
Orrin G. Hatch R
Utah
Michael B. Enzi R
Wyoming
legislative/houseHouse+148−151congress-legislators ↗
148 new members · 151 departed · 284 served on both dates · women 83 → 118 · median age 58 → 59
17 state delegations changed
Show delegation changes
Arizona 4 D · 5 R
Arizona 5 D · 4 R
California 39 D · 14 R
California 42 D · 11 R
Colorado 3 D · 4 R
Colorado 4 D · 3 R
Georgia 4 D · 10 R
Georgia 6 D · 8 R
Illinois 11 D · 7 R
Illinois 13 D · 5 R
Kansas 0 D · 4 R
Kansas 1 D · 3 R
Louisiana 1 D · 5 R
Louisiana 0 D · 4 R
Maine 1 D · 1 R
Maine 2 D · 0 R
Michigan 5 D · 9 R
Michigan 7 D · 7 R
Minnesota 5 D · 3 R
Minnesota 4 D · 4 R
North Carolina 3 D · 10 R
North Carolina 5 D · 8 R
New Jersey 7 D · 5 R
New Jersey 10 D · 2 R
New York 18 D · 9 R
New York 19 D · 7 R
Pennsylvania 5 D · 13 R
Pennsylvania 9 D · 9 R
Texas 11 D · 25 R
Texas 13 D · 23 R
Virginia 4 D · 7 R
Virginia 7 D · 4 R
Washington 6 D · 4 R
Washington 7 D · 3 R
Who joined and who left (148 in · 151 out)
Jerry L. Carl R
Alabama-1
Barry Moore R
Alabama-2
Ann Kirkpatrick D
Arizona-2
Debbie Lesko R
Arizona-8
Greg Stanton D
Arizona-9
Katie Porter D
California-45
Mike Garcia R
California-25
Michelle Steel R
California-48
Jimmy Gomez D
California-34
Josh Harder D
California-10
Mike Levin D
California-49
Jay Obernolte R
California-8
Young Kim R
California-39
Sara Jacobs D
California-53
Joe Neguse D
Colorado-2
Jason Crow D
Colorado-6
Lauren Boebert R
Colorado-3
Jahana Hayes D
Connecticut-5
Michael Waltz R
Florida-6
W. Gregory Steube R
Florida-17
Kat Cammack R
Florida-3
Scott Franklin R
Florida-15
Byron Donalds R
Florida-19
Carlos A. Gimenez R
Florida-26
Maria Elvira Salazar R
Florida-27
Carolyn Bourdeaux D
Georgia-7
Marjorie Taylor Greene R
Georgia-14
Lucy McBath D
Georgia-6
Nikema Williams D
Georgia-5
Andrew S. Clyde R
Georgia-9
Kaiali’i Kahele D
Hawaii-2
Ed Case D
Hawaii-1
Cynthia Axne D
Iowa-3
Ashley Hinson R
Iowa-1
Mariannette Miller-Meeks R
Iowa-2
Randy Feenstra R
Iowa-4
Russ Fulcher R
Idaho-1
Marie Newman D
Illinois-3
Jesús G. "Chuy" García D
Illinois-4
Sean Casten D
Illinois-6
Lauren Underwood D
Illinois-14
Mary E. Miller R
Illinois-15
Greg Pence R
Indiana-6
James R. Baird R
Indiana-4
Frank J. Mrvan D
Indiana-1
Victoria Spartz R
Indiana-5
Jake LaTurner R
Kansas-2
Ron Estes R
Kansas-4
Sharice Davids D
Kansas-3
Tracey Mann R
Kansas-1
Lori Trahan D
Massachusetts-3
Ayanna Pressley D
Massachusetts-7
Jake Auchincloss D
Massachusetts-4
David J. Trone D
Maryland-6
Kweisi Mfume D
Maryland-7
Jared F. Golden D
Maine-2
Andy Levin D
Michigan-9
Peter Meijer R
Michigan-3
Elissa Slotkin D
Michigan-8
Haley M. Stevens D
Michigan-11
Rashida Tlaib D
Michigan-13
Lisa C. McClain R
Michigan-10
Jim Hagedorn R
Minnesota-1
Dean Phillips D
Minnesota-3
Angie Craig D
Minnesota-2
Ilhan Omar D
Minnesota-5
Pete Stauber R
Minnesota-8
Michelle Fischbach R
Minnesota-7
Cori Bush D
Missouri-1
Michael Guest R
Mississippi-3
Matthew M. Rosendale, Sr. R
Montana-AL
Madison Cawthorn R
North Carolina-11
Dan Bishop R
North Carolina-9
Kathy E. Manning D
North Carolina-6
Gregory F. Murphy R
North Carolina-3
Deborah K. Ross D
North Carolina-2
Kelly Armstrong R
North Dakota-AL
Chris Pappas D
New Hampshire-1
Tom Malinowski D
New Jersey-7
Mikie Sherrill D
New Jersey-11
Jefferson Van Drew R
New Jersey-2
Andy Kim D
New Jersey-3
Debra A. Haaland D
New Mexico-1
Yvette Herrell R
New Mexico-2
Teresa Leger Fernandez D
New Mexico-3
Steven Horsford D
Nevada-4
Susie Lee D
Nevada-3
Antonio Delgado D
New York-19
Chris Jacobs R
New York-27
Mondaire Jones D
New York-17
Jamaal Bowman D
New York-16
Joseph D. Morelle D
New York-25
Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez D
New York-14
Andrew R. Garbarino R
New York-2
Nicole Malliotakis R
New York-11
Ritchie Torres D
New York-15
Anthony Gonzalez R
Ohio-16
Troy Balderson R
Ohio-12
Kevin Hern R
Oklahoma-1
Stephanie I. Bice R
Oklahoma-5
Cliff Bentz R
Oregon-2
Conor Lamb D
Pennsylvania-17
Fred Keller R
Pennsylvania-12
Susan Wild D
Pennsylvania-7
Mary Gay Scanlon D
Pennsylvania-5
Madeleine Dean D
Pennsylvania-4
Chrissy Houlahan D
Pennsylvania-6
Daniel Meuser R
Pennsylvania-9
John Joyce R
Pennsylvania-13
Guy Reschenthaler R
Pennsylvania-14
Ralph Norman R
South Carolina-5
William R. Timmons IV R
South Carolina-4
Nancy Mace R
South Carolina-1
Dusty Johnson R
South Dakota-AL
Mark E. Green R
Tennessee-7
Tim Burchett R
Tennessee-2
John W. Rose R
Tennessee-6
Diana Harshbarger R
Tennessee-1
Ron Wright R
Texas-6
Van Taylor R
Texas-3
Colin Z. Allred D
Texas-32
Tony Gonzales R
Texas-23
Michael Cloud R
Texas-27
Dan Crenshaw R
Texas-2
Lance Gooden R
Texas-5
Lizzie Fletcher D
Texas-7
Veronica Escobar D
Texas-16
Chip Roy R
Texas-21
Sylvia R. Garcia D
Texas-29
Pat Fallon R
Texas-4
August Pfluger R
Texas-11
Ronny Jackson R
Texas-13
Troy E. Nehls R
Texas-22
Beth Van Duyne R
Texas-24
John R. Curtis R
Utah-3
Blake D. Moore R
Utah-1
Burgess Owens R
Utah-4
Elaine G. Luria D
Virginia-2
Abigail Davis Spanberger D
Virginia-7
Jennifer Wexton D
Virginia-10
Bob Good R
Virginia-5
Ben Cline R
Virginia-6
Kim Schrier D
Washington-8
Marilyn Strickland D
Washington-10
Bryan Steil R
Wisconsin-1
Thomas P. Tiffany R
Wisconsin-7
Scott Fitzgerald R
Wisconsin-5
Carol D. Miller R
West Virginia-3
Martha Roby R
Alabama-2
Bradley Byrne R
Alabama-1
Trent Franks R
Arizona-8
Martha McSally R
Arizona-2
Kyrsten Sinema D
Arizona-9
Xavier Becerra D
California-34
Jeff Denham R
California-10
Dana Rohrabacher R
California-48
Edward R. Royce R
California-39
Stephen Knight R
California-25
Mimi Walters R
California-45
Duncan Hunter R
California-50
Paul Cook R
California-8
Susan A. Davis D
California-53
Mike Coffman R
Colorado-6
Jared Polis D
Colorado-2
Scott R. Tipton R
Colorado-3
Elizabeth H. Esty D
Connecticut-5
Ron DeSantis R
Florida-6
Thomas J. Rooney R
Florida-17
Ileana Ros-Lehtinen R
Florida-27
Dennis A. Ross R
Florida-15
Carlos Curbelo R
Florida-26
Ted S. Yoho R
Florida-3
Francis Rooney R
Florida-19
Tom Price R
Georgia-6
John Lewis D
Georgia-5
Tom Graves R
Georgia-14
Rob Woodall R
Georgia-7
Doug Collins R
Georgia-9
Colleen Hanabusa D
Hawaii-1
Tulsi Gabbard D
Hawaii-2
Rod Blum R
Iowa-1
David Young R
Iowa-3
Steve King R
Iowa-4
David Loebsack D
Iowa-2
Raúl R. Labrador R
Idaho-1
Luis V. Gutiérrez D
Illinois-4
Randy Hultgren R
Illinois-14
Peter J. Roskam R
Illinois-6
Daniel Lipinski D
Illinois-3
John Shimkus R
Illinois-15
Todd Rokita R
Indiana-4
Luke Messer R
Indiana-6
Peter J. Visclosky D
Indiana-1
Susan W. Brooks R
Indiana-5
Mike Pompeo R
Kansas-4
Lynn Jenkins R
Kansas-2
Kevin Yoder R
Kansas-3
Roger Marshall R
Kansas-1
Ralph Lee Abraham R
Louisiana-5
Cedric L. Richmond D
Louisiana-2
Michael E. Capuano D
Massachusetts-7
Niki Tsongas D
Massachusetts-3
Joseph P. Kennedy III D
Massachusetts-4
John K. Delaney D
Maryland-6
Elijah E. Cummings D
Maryland-7
Bruce Poliquin R
Maine-2
John Conyers, Jr. D
Michigan-13
Sander M. Levin D
Michigan-9
Mike Bishop R
Michigan-8
David A. Trott R
Michigan-11
Justin Amash R
Michigan-3
Paul Mitchell R
Michigan-10
Keith Ellison D
Minnesota-5
Erik Paulsen R
Minnesota-3
Timothy J. Walz D
Minnesota-1
Richard M. Nolan D
Minnesota-8
Jason Lewis R
Minnesota-2
Collin C. Peterson D
Minnesota-7
Wm. Lacy Clay D
Missouri-1
Gregg Harper R
Mississippi-3
Ryan K. Zinke R
Montana-AL
Robert Pittenger R
North Carolina-9
Walter B. Jones R
North Carolina-3
Mark Meadows R
North Carolina-11
George Holding R
North Carolina-2
Mark Walker R
North Carolina-6
Kevin Cramer R
North Dakota-AL
Carol Shea-Porter D
New Hampshire-1
Rodney P. Frelinghuysen R
New Jersey-11
Leonard Lance R
New Jersey-7
Frank A. LoBiondo R
New Jersey-2
Thomas MacArthur R
New Jersey-3
Michelle Lujan Grisham D
New Mexico-1
Stevan Pearce R
New Mexico-2
Ben Ray Luján D
New Mexico-3
Ruben J. Kihuen D
Nevada-4
Jacky Rosen D
Nevada-3
Louise McIntosh Slaughter D
New York-25
Joseph Crowley D
New York-14
Daniel M. Donovan, Jr. R
New York-11
John J. Faso R
New York-19
Chris Collins R
New York-27
Eliot L. Engel D
New York-16
Peter T. King R
New York-2
Nita M. Lowey D
New York-17
José E. Serrano D
New York-15
Claudia Tenney R
New York-22
Patrick J. Tiberi R
Ohio-12
James B. Renacci R
Ohio-16
Jim Bridenstine R
Oklahoma-1
Steve Russell R
Oklahoma-5
Greg Walden R
Oregon-2
Tim Murphy R
Pennsylvania-18
Patrick Meehan R
Pennsylvania-7
Charles W. Dent R
Pennsylvania-15
Lou Barletta R
Pennsylvania-11
Robert A. Brady D
Pennsylvania-1
Bill Shuster R
Pennsylvania-9
Keith J. Rothfus R
Pennsylvania-12
Ryan A. Costello R
Pennsylvania-6
Tom Marino R
Pennsylvania-10
Mick Mulvaney R
South Carolina-5
Trey Gowdy R
South Carolina-4
Mark Sanford R
South Carolina-1
Kristi L. Noem R
South Dakota-AL
Diane Black R
Tennessee-6
John J. Duncan, Jr. R
Tennessee-2
David P. Roe R
Tennessee-1
Marsha Blackburn R
Tennessee-7
Blake Farenthold R
Texas-27
Joe Barton R
Texas-6
John Abney Culberson R
Texas-7
Gene Green D
Texas-29
Jeb Hensarling R
Texas-5
Sam Johnson R
Texas-3
Ted Poe R
Texas-2
Lamar Smith R
Texas-21
Beto O’Rourke D
Texas-16
John Ratcliffe R
Texas-4
K. Michael Conaway R
Texas-11
Bill Flores R
Texas-17
Kenny Marchant R
Texas-24
Pete Olson R
Texas-22
Mac Thornberry R
Texas-13
Will Hurd R
Texas-23
Jason Chaffetz R
Utah-3
Mia B. Love R
Utah-4
Rob Bishop R
Utah-1
Bob Goodlatte R
Virginia-6
Dave Brat R
Virginia-7
Barbara Comstock R
Virginia-10
Scott Taylor R
Virginia-2
Thomas A. Garrett, Jr. R
Virginia-5
David G. Reichert R
Washington-8
Denny Heck D
Washington-10
Paul D. Ryan R
Wisconsin-1
Sean P. Duffy R
Wisconsin-7
F. James Sensenbrenner, Jr. R
Wisconsin-5
Evan H. Jenkins R
West Virginia-3
legislative/lawsLaws enacted+786Congress.gov ↗
786 public laws enacted · 2 landmark · 93 notable · 488 routine · 203 ceremonial
GAO Access and Oversight Act of 2017
Pub. L. 115-3 · Jan 31, 2017
Promoting Women in Entrepreneurship Act
Pub. L. 115-6 · Feb 28, 2017
INSPIRE Women Act
Pub. L. 115-7 · Feb 28, 2017
Vietnam War Veterans Recognition Act of 2017
Pub. L. 115-15 · Mar 28, 2017
Weather Research and Forecasting Innovation Act of 2017
Pub. L. 115-25 · Apr 18, 2017
Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2017
Pub. L. 115-31 · May 5, 2017
Countering America's Adversaries Through Sanctions Act
Pub. L. 115-44 · Aug 2, 2017
FDA Reauthorization Act of 2017
Pub. L. 115-52 · Aug 18, 2017
Show 30 more notable laws
Dr. Chris Kirkpatrick Whistleblower Protection Act of 2017
Pub. L. 115-73 · Oct 26, 2017
Strengthening State and Local Cyber Crime Fighting Act of 2017
Pub. L. 115-76 · Nov 2, 2017
Protecting Patient Access to Emergency Medications Act of 2017
Pub. L. 115-83 · Nov 17, 2017
VA Prescription Data Accountability Act 2017
Pub. L. 115-86 · Nov 21, 2017
Continuing Appropriations Amendments Act, 2018
Pub. L. 115-124 · Feb 9, 2018
Protecting Young Victims from Sexual Abuse and Safe Sport Authorization Act of 2017
Pub. L. 115-126 · Feb 14, 2018
Taiwan Travel Act
Pub. L. 115-135 · Mar 16, 2018
Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2018
Pub. L. 115-141 · Mar 23, 2018
Allow States and Victims to Fight Online Sex Trafficking Act of 2017
Pub. L. 115-164 · Apr 11, 2018
Justice for Uncompensated Survivors Today (JUST) Act of 2017
Pub. L. 115-171 · May 9, 2018
Economic Growth, Regulatory Relief and Consumer Protection Act
Pub. L. 115-174 · May 24, 2018
Trickett Wendler, Frank Mongiello, Jordan McLinn, and Matthew Bellina Right to Try Act of 2017
Pub. L. 115-176 · May 30, 2018
Swan Lake Hydroelectric Project Boundary Correction Act
Pub. L. 115-200 · Jul 20, 2018
KIWI Act
Pub. L. 115-226 · Aug 1, 2018
John S. McCain National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2019
Pub. L. 115-232 · Aug 13, 2018
Veterans Providing Healthcare Transition Improvement Act
Pub. L. 115-238 · Sep 7, 2018
Miscellaneous Tariff Bill Act of 2018
Pub. L. 115-239 · Sep 13, 2018
Tribal Social Security Fairness Act of 2018
Pub. L. 115-243 · Sep 20, 2018
Energy and Water, Legislative Branch, and Military Construction and Veterans Affairs Appropriations Act, 2019
Pub. L. 115-244 · Sep 21, 2018
Department of Energy Research and Innovation Act
Pub. L. 115-246 · Sep 28, 2018
Nuclear Energy Innovation Capabilities Act of 2017
Pub. L. 115-248 · Sep 28, 2018
Protecting Religiously Affiliated Institutions Act of 2018
Pub. L. 115-249 · Sep 28, 2018
Airport and Airway Extension Act of 2018, Part II
Pub. L. 115-250 · Sep 29, 2018
Department of Veterans Affairs Expiring Authorities Act of 2018
Pub. L. 115-251 · Sep 29, 2018
FAA Reauthorization Act of 2018
Pub. L. 115-254 · Oct 5, 2018
Know the Lowest Price Act of 2018
Pub. L. 115-262 · Oct 10, 2018
Patient Right to Know Drug Prices Act
Pub. L. 115-263 · Oct 10, 2018
Judicial
judicial/supreme-courtThe Supreme CourtBench by appointing party: 4 R · 4 D → 6 R · 3 D
Anthony McLeod Kennedy R
appointed by Ronald Reagan · 1988
Ruth Bader Ginsburg D
appointed by William J. Clinton · 1993
Neil M. Gorsuch R
appointed by Donald J. Trump · 2017
Brett M. Kavanaugh R
appointed by Donald J. Trump · 2018
Amy Coney Barrett R
appointed by Donald J. Trump · 2020
6 justices served on both dates
Clarence Thomas R
appointed by George H.W. Bush · 1991
Stephen Gerald Breyer D
appointed by William J. Clinton · 1994
John Glover Roberts, Jr. R
appointed by George W. Bush · 2005
Samuel A. Alito, Jr. R
appointed by George W. Bush · 2006
Sonia Sotomayor D
appointed by Barack Obama · 2009
Elena Kagan D
appointed by Barack Obama · 2010
judicial/lower-courtsAppeals & district courtsCourts of appeals (active judges): 90 D · 71 R · 1 N( → 96 R · 81 D
District courts (active judges): 347 D · 242 R → 317 D · 317 R
Donald J. Trump R appointed 237 judges
3 Supreme Court · 54 appeals · 177 district · 3 other
3 circuits flipped majority
Second Circuit 7 D · 4 R (D majority)
Second Circuit 6 D · 7 R (R majority)
Third Circuit 7 D · 5 R (D majority)
Third Circuit 6 D · 8 R (R majority)
Eleventh Circuit 8 D · 2 R (D majority)
Eleventh Circuit 5 D · 7 R (R majority)
D and R describe the party of the appointing president, not the judge. Active service ends when a judge takes senior status.
judicial/rulingsSupreme Court decisions253 argued decisions · 19 landmark
Sessions v. Morales-Santana
No. 15-1191 · Jun 12, 2017 · Decided 8–0 · Civil Rights · Affirmed in part, reversed in part, remanded · Declared federal law unconstitutional
Matal v. Tam
No. 15-1293 · Jun 19, 2017 · Decided 8–0 · First Amendment · Affirmed · Declared federal law unconstitutional
Sessions v. Dimaya
No. 15-1498 · Apr 17, 2018 · Decided 5–4 · Due Process · Affirmed · Declared federal law unconstitutional
Murphy v. National Collegiate Athletic Association
No. 16-476 · May 14, 2018 · Decided 7–2 · Federalism · Reversed · Declared federal law unconstitutional
South Dakota v. Wayfair
No. 17-494 · Jun 21, 2018 · Decided 5–4 · Economic Activity · Vacated and remanded · Overruled precedent
Trump v. Hawaii
No. 17-965 · Jun 26, 2018 · Decided 5–4 · Civil Rights · Reversed and remanded · Overruled precedent
Janus v. American Federation of State
No. 16-1466 · Jun 27, 2018 · Decided 5–4 · Unions · Reversed and remanded · Overruled precedent · Struck down state law
Franchise Tax Board of California v. Hyatt
No. 17-1299 · May 13, 2019 · Decided 5–4 · Economic Activity · Reversed and remanded · Overruled precedent
Herrera v. Wyoming
No. 17-532 · May 20, 2019 · Decided 5–4 · Civil Rights · Vacated and remanded · Overruled precedent
Knick v. Township of Scott
No. 17-647 · Jun 21, 2019 · Decided 5–4 · Due Process · Vacated and remanded · Overruled precedent
Show 9 more
Iancu v. Brunetti
Jun 24, 2019 · Decided 6–3 · First Amendment · Affirmed · Declared federal law unconstitutional
United States v. Davis
Jun 24, 2019 · Decided 5–4 · Due Process · Affirmed in part, reversed in part, remanded · Declared federal law unconstitutional
United States v. Haymond
Jun 26, 2019 · Decided 5–4 · Criminal Procedure · Vacated and remanded · Declared federal law unconstitutional
Rucho v. Common Cause
Jun 27, 2019 · Decided 5–4 · Civil Rights · Vacated and remanded · Overruled precedent
Allen v. Cooper
Mar 23, 2020 · Decided 9–0 · Federalism · Affirmed · Declared federal law unconstitutional
Ramos v. Louisiana
Apr 20, 2020 · Decided 6–3 · Criminal Procedure · Reversed · Overruled precedent · Struck down state law
Bostock v. Clayton County
Jun 15, 2020 · Decided 6–3 · Civil Rights · Reversed and remanded
Seila Law LLC v. Consumer Financial Protection Bureau
Jun 29, 2020 · Decided 5–4 · Miscellaneous · Vacated and remanded · Declared federal law unconstitutional
Barr v. American Association of Political Consultants Inc.
Jul 6, 2020 · Decided 6–3 · First Amendment · Affirmed · Declared federal law unconstitutional
Landmark means the Court overruled precedent, struck down a federal law, or the case is on a curated landmark list.
Fiscal
fiscal/budgetThe federal budget+57% real spendingOMB Historical Tables ↗
Fiscal year 2017 → fiscal year 2021 · inflation-adjusted with the GDP price index
Spending $3.98T
FY2017
Spending $6.82T
FY2021 · +71% nominal · +57% after inflation
Revenue $3.32T
FY2017
Revenue $4.05T
FY2021 · +22% nominal · +12% after inflation
Surplus / deficit −$665B
FY2017
Surplus / deficit −$2.77T
FY2021 · −$2.11T
Spending, % of GDP 20.6%
FY2017
Spending, % of GDP 29.6%
FY2021 · +9.0 pts
Debt held by the public, % of GDP 75.7%
FY2017
Debt held by the public, % of GDP 96.7%
FY2021 · +21.0 pts
Spending by function · real change
fiscal/debtTotal public debt outstanding+$7.81TTreasury Fiscal Data ↗
$19.9T
as of Jan 19, 2017
$27.8T
as of Jan 19, 2021
Constitution & Union
constitution/amendmentsAmendments & statehood27 → 27 amendments in force · 50 → 50 states
No amendments ratified and no states admitted. The last amendment was the 27th, in 1992.
Log
logEverything in between140 events
- presidentDonald J. Trump takes office
- lawGAO Access and Oversight Act of 2017
- lawPromoting Women in Entrepreneurship Act
- lawINSPIRE Women Act
- orderProtecting the Nation From Foreign Terrorist Entry Into the United States
- lawVietnam War Veterans Recognition Act of 2017
- justiceNeil M. Gorsuch — Associate Justice
- lawWeather Research and Forecasting Innovation Act of 2017
- lawConsolidated Appropriations Act, 2017
- rulingSessions v. Morales-Santana
- rulingMatal v. Tam
- lawCountering America's Adversaries Through Sanctions Act
- lawFDA Reauthorization Act of 2017
- agency+National Commission on Military, National, and Public Service
- lawDr. Chris Kirkpatrick Whistleblower Protection Act of 2017
- lawStrengthening State and Local Cyber Crime Fighting Act of 2017
- lawProtecting Patient Access to Emergency Medications Act of 2017
- lawVA Prescription Data Accountability Act 2017
- war−War against al-Qaida
- lawNational Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2018, including: * Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces (INF) Treaty Preservation Act of 2017 * Military Construction Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2018 * Foreign Spill Protection Act of 2017 * Saving Federal Dollars Through Better Use of Government Purchase and Travel Cards Act of 2017
- orderAdjustments of Certain Rates of Pay
- lawTax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017
- lawBipartisan Budget Act of 2018, containing: * Further Additional Supplemental Appropriations for Disaster Relief Requirements Act, 2018 * Advancing Chronic Care, Extenders, and Social Services (ACCESS) Act * Honoring Hometown Heroes Act * Social Impact Partnerships to Pay for Results Act
- lawContinuing Appropriations Amendments Act, 2018
- lawProtecting Young Victims from Sexual Abuse and Safe Sport Authorization Act of 2017
- order2018 Amendments to the Manual for Courts-Martial, United States
- lawTaiwan Travel Act
- lawConsolidated Appropriations Act, 2018
- lawAllow States and Victims to Fight Online Sex Trafficking Act of 2017
- rulingSessions v. Dimaya
- lawJustice for Uncompensated Survivors Today (JUST) Act of 2017
- rulingMurphy v. National Collegiate Athletic Association
- lawEconomic Growth, Regulatory Relief and Consumer Protection Act
- lawTrickett Wendler, Frank Mongiello, Jordan McLinn, and Matthew Bellina Right to Try Act of 2017
- rulingSouth Dakota v. Wayfair
- rulingTrump v. Hawaii
- rulingJanus v. American Federation of State
- lawSwan Lake Hydroelectric Project Boundary Correction Act
- lawKIWI Act
- orderReimposing Certain Sanctions With Respect to Iran
- lawJohn S. McCain National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2019
- lawVeterans Providing Healthcare Transition Improvement Act
- lawMiscellaneous Tariff Bill Act of 2018
- lawTribal Social Security Fairness Act of 2018
- lawEnergy and Water, Legislative Branch, and Military Construction and Veterans Affairs Appropriations Act, 2019
- lawDepartment of Defense and Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education Appropriations Act, 2019 and Continuing Appropriations Act, 2019
- lawDepartment of Energy Research and Innovation Act
- lawNuclear Energy Innovation Capabilities Act of 2017
- lawProtecting Religiously Affiliated Institutions Act of 2018
- lawAirport and Airway Extension Act of 2018, Part II
- lawDepartment of Veterans Affairs Expiring Authorities Act of 2018
- lawFAA Reauthorization Act of 2018
- justiceBrett M. Kavanaugh — Associate Justice
- lawKnow the Lowest Price Act of 2018
- lawPatient Right to Know Drug Prices Act
- lawOrrin G. Hatch-Bob Goodlatte Music Modernization Act
- lawAmerica's Water Infrastructure Act of 2018
- lawSUPPORT for Patients and Communities Act
- lawCybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency Act of 2018
- lawAmy, Vicky, and Andy Child Pornography Victim Assistance Act of 2018
- lawIraq and Syria Genocide Relief and Accountability Act of 2018
- lawReciprocal Access to Tibet Act of 2018
- lawDepartment of Homeland Security Data Framework Act of 2018
- lawAgriculture Improvement Act of 2018
- lawNational Quantum Initiative Act
- lawFirst Step Act of 2018
- lawTrafficking Victims Protection Act of 2017
- orderAdjustments of Certain Rates of Pay
- war+Kenya: al-Shabaab
- lawFoundations for Evidence-Based Policymaking Act of 2018
- lawElie Wiesel Genocide and Atrocities Prevention Act of 2018
- lawGovernment Employee Fair Treatment Act of 2019
- lawTANF Extension Act of 2019
- lawFurther Additional Continuing Appropriations Act, 2019
- lawConsolidated Appropriations Act, 2019
- lawJohn D. Dingell Jr. Conservation, Management, and Recreation Act
- orderAdjustments of Certain Rates of Pay
- rulingFranchise Tax Board of California v. Hyatt
- rulingHerrera v. Wyoming
- lawNational Flood Insurance Extension Act of 2019
- war+Somalia: Islamic State
- lawAdditional Supplemental Appropriations for Disaster Relief Act, 2019
- rulingKnick v. Township of Scott
- lawPandemic and All-Hazards Preparedness and Advancing Innovation Act of 2019
- rulingIancu v. Brunetti
- rulingUnited States v. Davis
- rulingUnited States v. Haymond
- rulingRucho v. Common Cause
- lawTaxpayer First Act
- lawEmergency Supplemental Appropriations for Humanitarian Assistance and Security at the Southern Border Act, 2019
- lawNever Forget the Heroes: James Zadroga, Ray Pfeifer, and Luis Alvarez Permanent Authorization of the September 11th Victim Compensation Fund Act
- war+War against al-Qaida
- lawBipartisan Budget Act of 2019
- war−War against al-Qaida
- lawContinuing Appropriations Act, 2020, and Health Extenders Act of 2019
- war−Libya: Islamic State
- lawFurther Continuing Appropriations Act, 2020, and Further Health Extenders Act of 2019
- lawPreventing Animal Cruelty and Torture Act
- lawONDCP Technical Corrections Act of 2019
- lawHong Kong Human Rights and Democracy Act
- lawA bill to prohibit the commercial export of covered munitions items to the Hong Kong Police Force
- agency−Overseas Private Investment Corporation
- agency+United States International Development Finance Corporation
- lawNational Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2020
- lawConsolidated Appropriations Act, 2020
- lawFurther Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2020
- orderAdjustments of Certain Rates of Pay
- war+Iran–Israel conflict
- lawPayment Integrity Information Act of 2019
- lawPresidential Transition Enhancement Act of 2019
- lawCoronavirus Preparedness and Response Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2020
- lawSecure and Trusted Communications Networks Act of 2019
- lawFamilies First Coronavirus Response Act
- lawSecure 5G and Beyond Act of 2020
- rulingAllen v. Cooper
- lawSupporting Older Americans Act of 2020
- lawTaiwan Allies International Protection and Enhancement Initiative (TAIPEI) Act of 2019
- lawCoronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act
- orderEstablishing the Committee for the Assessment of Foreign Participation in the United States Telecommunications Services Sector
- rulingRamos v. Louisiana
- lawPaycheck Protection Program and Health Care Enhancement Act
- rulingBostock v. Clayton County
- lawUyghur Human Rights Policy Act of 2020
- rulingSeila Law LLC v. Consumer Financial Protection Bureau
- rulingBarr v. American Association of Political Consultants Inc.
- lawHong Kong Autonomy Act
- lawGreat American Outdoors Act
- agency−Dwight D. Eisenhower Memorial Commission
- orderAn America-First Healthcare Plan
- lawSavanna's Act
- justiceAmy Coney Barrett — Associate Justice
- lawRodchenkov Anti-Doping Act of 2019
- lawHolding Foreign Companies Accountable Act
- lawSave Our Seas 2.0 Act
- lawConsolidated Appropriations Act, 2021
- orderAdjustments of Certain Rates of Pay
- agency+Office of the National Cyber Director
- lawWilliam M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021
- lawCompetitive Health Insurance Reform Act of 2020
- lawMalala Yousafzai Scholarship Act