How did the United States change between Jan 20, 2009 and Jan 19, 2017?
Pick two dates. See the laws, the executive orders, the courts, Congress, federal agencies, the Constitution and the budget, as a diff.
$ civicdiff 2009-01-20..2017-01-19 # 8 years
jsonLaws enacted
+1,290692 notable
Executive orders
+278signed
Final rules
+29,0083,038 significant
Supreme Court
2 of 8seats changed hands
Agencies
+20 −11departments & tracked agencies
Public debt
+$9.32T$10.6T → $19.9T
The presidency passed from George Walker Bush to Barack Hussein Obama. Congress enacted 1,290 public laws. 53 senators and 245 representatives took seats that they did not hold before. 2 new justices joined the Supreme Court. Inflation-adjusted federal spending changed +0.6% (FY2009 → FY2017).
Executive
executive/presidentThe presidencyGeorge Walker Bush R
43rd president
Barack Hussein Obama D
44th president · took office Jan 20, 2009
executive/vice-presidentThe vice presidencyJoseph Robinette Biden Jr. D
took office Jan 20, 2013
executive/cabinetCabinet & senior officials+31−31Wikidata ↗
Secretary of State · 2 people took this office in between
Secretary of the Treasury · 2 people took this office in between
Jack Lew D
Secretary of Defense · 3 people took this office in between
vacant or abolished
Attorney General · 2 people took this office in between
Postmaster General · 2 people took this office in between
Secretary of the Navy · 2 people took this office in between
Show 19 more cabinet offices
Secretary of the Interior · 2 people took this office in between
Secretary of Agriculture · 2 people took this office in between
Secretary of Commerce · 5 people took this office in between
Secretary of Labor · 2 people took this office in between
Secretary of Health and Human Services · 2 people took this office in between
Secretary of Housing and Urban Development · 2 people took this office in between
Secretary of Transportation · 2 people took this office in between
Secretary of Energy · 3 people took this office in between
Secretary of Education · 2 people took this office in between
Secretary of Veterans Affairs · 2 people took this office in between
Secretary of Homeland Security · 2 people took this office in between
White House Chief of Staff · 5 people took this office in between
Director of the Office of Management and Budget · 6 people took this office in between
Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency · 2 people took this office in between
Ambassador to the United Nations · 3 people took this office in between
Director of National Intelligence · 2 people took this office in between
Director of the Central Intelligence Agency · 3 people took this office in between
Administrator of the Small Business Administration · 2 people took this office in between
U.S. Trade Representative · 2 people took this office in between
Other senior officials (7 changed)
Postmaster General · 2 people took this office in between
Secretary of the Navy · 2 people took this office in between
Chair of the Federal Reserve
Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff · 2 people took this office in between
Director of the FBI
National Security Advisor · 3 people took this office in between
Solicitor General · 2 people took this office in between
Ian Heath Gershengorn (acting)
executive/ordersExecutive orders278 executive orders signed · Barack Obama 278
511 → 738 orders (issued since 1994) in force · 51 revoked in this window
EO 13514 Federal Leadership in Environmental, Energy, and Economic Performance
Oct 5, 2009 · Barack Obama · revoked by EO 13693
EO 13525 Adjustments of Certain Rates of Pay
Dec 23, 2009 · Barack Obama
EO 13526 Classified National Security Information
Dec 29, 2009 · Barack Obama
EO 13552 2010 Amendments to the Manual for Courts-Martial, United States
Aug 31, 2010 · Barack Obama
EO 13561 Adjustments of Certain Rates of Pay
Dec 22, 2010 · Barack Obama
EO 13593 2011 Amendments to the Manual for Courts-Martial, United States
Dec 13, 2011 · Barack Obama
EO 13594 Adjustments of Certain Rates of Pay
Dec 19, 2011 · Barack Obama
EO 13603 National Defense Resources Preparedness
Mar 16, 2012 · Barack Obama
Show 6 more
EO 13635 Adjustments of Certain Rates of Pay
Dec 27, 2012 · Barack Obama
EO 13641 Adjustments of Certain Rates of Pay
Apr 5, 2013 · Barack Obama
EO 13643 2013 Amendments to the Manual for Courts-Martial, United States
May 15, 2013 · Barack Obama
EO 13645 Authorizing the Implementation of Certain Sanctions Set Forth in the Iran Freedom and Counter- Proliferation Act of 2012 and Additional Sanctions With Respect To Iran
Jun 3, 2013 · Barack Obama
EO 13655 Adjustments of Certain Rates of Pay
Dec 23, 2013 · Barack Obama
EO 13669 2014 Amendments to the Manual for Courts-Martial, United States
Jun 13, 2014 · Barack Obama
executive/nominationsSenate confirmations+2,540Congress.gov ↗
3,712 civilian nominations received · 2,540 confirmed · 114 withdrawn · 1,026 returned to the President
Janet Ann Napolitano, of Arizona, to be Secretary of Homeland Security.
confirmed Jan 20, 2009 · voice vote or unanimous consent
Peter R. Orszag, of Massachusetts, to be Director of the Office of Management and Budget.
confirmed Jan 20, 2009 · voice vote or unanimous consent
Kenneth Lee Salazar, of Colorado, to be Secretary of the Interior.
confirmed Jan 20, 2009 · voice vote or unanimous consent
Thomas J. Vilsack, of Iowa, to be Secretary of Agriculture.
confirmed Jan 20, 2009 · voice vote or unanimous consent
Eric K. Shinseki, of Hawaii, to be Secretary of Veterans Affairs.
confirmed Jan 20, 2009 · voice vote or unanimous consent
Arne Duncan, of Illinois, to be Secretary of Education.
confirmed Jan 20, 2009 · voice vote or unanimous consent
Steven Chu, of California, to be Secretary of Energy.
confirmed Jan 20, 2009 · voice vote or unanimous consent
Hillary Rodham Clinton, of New York, to be Secretary of State.
confirmed Jan 21, 2009 · 94–2
Lisa Perez Jackson, of New Jersey, to be Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency.
confirmed Jan 22, 2009 · voice vote or unanimous consent
Susan E. Rice, of the District of Columbia, to be the Representative of the United States of America to the United Nations, with the rank and status of Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, and the Representative of the United States of America in the Security Council of the United Nations.
confirmed Jan 22, 2009 · voice vote or unanimous consent
Ray LaHood, of Illinois, to be Secretary of Transportation.
confirmed Jan 22, 2009 · voice vote or unanimous consent
Shaun L. S. Donovan, of New York, to be Secretary of Housing and Urban Development.
confirmed Jan 22, 2009 · voice vote or unanimous consent
Show 42 more top confirmations
Timothy F. Geithner, of New York, to be Secretary of the Treasury.
confirmed Jan 26, 2009 · 60–34
Eric H. Holder, Jr., of the District of Columbia, to be Attorney General.
confirmed Feb 2, 2009 · 75–21
Hilda L. Solis, of California, to be Secretary of Labor.
confirmed Feb 24, 2009 · 80–17
Gary Locke, of Washington, to be Secretary of Commerce.
confirmed Mar 24, 2009
Kathleen Sebelius, of Kansas, to be Secretary of Health and Human Services.
confirmed Apr 28, 2009 · 65–31
Leon E. Panetta, of California, to be Secretary of Defense, vice Robert M. Gates.
confirmed Jun 21, 2011 · 100–0
David H. Petraeus, of New Hampshire, to be Director of the Central Intelligence Agency, vice Leon E. Panetta.
confirmed Jun 30, 2011 · 94–0
John Edgar Bryson, of California, to be Secretary of Commerce, vice Gary Locke.
confirmed Oct 20, 2011 · 74–26
John Forbes Kerry, of Massachusetts, to be Secretary of State, vice Hillary Rodham Clinton.
confirmed Jan 29, 2013 · 94–3
Charles Timothy Hagel, of Nebraska, to be Secretary of Defense, vice Leon E. Panetta.
confirmed Feb 26, 2013 · 58–41
Jacob J. Lew, of New York, to be Secretary of the Treasury, vice Timothy F. Geithner.
confirmed Feb 27, 2013 · 71–26
John Owen Brennan, of Virginia, to be Director of the Central Intelligence Agency, vice David H. Petraeus, resigned.
confirmed Mar 7, 2013 · 63–34
Sarah Jewell, of Washington, to be Secretary of the Interior, vice Kenneth Lee Salazar.
confirmed Apr 10, 2013 · 87–11
Ernest J. Moniz, of Massachusetts, to be Secretary of Energy, vice Steven Chu.
confirmed May 16, 2013 · 97–0
Penny Pritzker, of Illinois, to be Secretary of Commerce, vice John Edgar Bryson, resigned.
confirmed Jun 25, 2013 · 97–1
Anthony Renard Foxx, of North Carolina, to be Secretary of Transportation, vice Ray LaHood.
confirmed Jun 27, 2013 · 100–0
Thomas Edward Perez, of Maryland, to be Secretary of Labor, vice Hilda L. Solis, resigned.
confirmed Jul 18, 2013 · 54–46
Jeh Charles Johnson, of New Jersey, to be Secretary of Homeland Security, vice Janet Ann Napolitano, resigned.
confirmed Dec 16, 2013 · 78–16
Sylvia Mathews Burwell, of West Virginia, to be Secretary of Health and Human Services, vice Kathleen Sebelius.
confirmed Jun 5, 2014 · 78–17
Julian Castro, of Texas, to be Secretary of Housing and Urban Development, vice Shaun L. S. Donovan.
confirmed Jul 9, 2014 · 71–26
Shaun L. S. Donovan, of New York, to be Director of the Office of Management and Budget, vice Sylvia Mathews Burwell.
confirmed Jul 10, 2014 · 75–22
Robert Alan McDonald, of Ohio, to be Secretary of Veterans Affairs, vice Eric K. Shinseki, resigned.
confirmed Jul 29, 2014 · 97–0
Ashton B. Carter, of Massachusetts, to be Secretary of Defense, vice Charles Timothy Hagel.
confirmed Feb 12, 2015 · 93–5
Loretta E. Lynch, of New York, to be Attorney General, vice Eric H. Holder, Jr.
confirmed Apr 23, 2015 · 56–43
John B. King, of New York, to be Secretary of Education, vice Arne Duncan.
confirmed Mar 14, 2016 · 49–40
Civilian nominations only (military promotions excluded). Top confirmations are cabinet-level posts, Supreme Court justices, and the Fed chair.
executive/agenciesFederal agencies+20−11Wikidata ↗
415 → 427 tracked organizations · 16 → 16 executive departments
Consumer Financial Protection Bureau
established Jul 21, 2011 · agency of the United States government responsible for consumer protection in the financial sector
United States Digital Service
established Aug 11, 2014 · former digital services department of the Executive Office of the President of the United States
Office of Digital Strategy
established Jan 20, 2009 · Executive Branch agency that promotes the U.S. president's messaging through traditional and social media
Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology
established Feb 17, 2009 · U.S. federal agency responsible for national health IT leadership
Office of Government Information Services
established Sep 1, 2009 · office within the National Archives and Records Administration
Bureau of Arms Control, Verification and Compliance
established Jan 1, 2010 · bureau within the U.S. Department of State
Young African Leaders Initiative
established Jan 1, 2010 · US Department of State project
Bureau of Ocean Energy Management
established Oct 1, 2011 · US Water Energy Agency
Bureau of the Fiscal Service
established Jan 1, 2012 · United States federal agency
Defense Forensics and Biometrics Agency
established Jan 1, 2012 · government organization in Charlotte, United States
Show 21 more
Northeast Climate Science Center
established Jan 1, 2012 · government organization in Amherst Center, United States
White House Initiative on Advancing Educational Equity, Excellence, and Economic Opportunity for Black Americans
established Jul 26, 2012 · White House initiative housed in the United States Department of Education
Administration for Community Living
established Jan 1, 2014 · United States federal agency that supports the needs of the aging and disability populations, and improves access health care and long-term services
Defense Digital Service
established Jan 1, 2015
Defense Innovation Unit
established Aug 1, 2015 · technological research agency of the United States Department of Defense
National Background Investigations Bureau
established Jan 1, 2016 · succesor Agency to the Federal Investigative Services Division
Global Engagement Center
established Jan 1, 2016 · U.S. federal government agency
Build America Bureau
established Jul 20, 2016
Department of Homeland Security Office of Strategy, Policy, and Plans
established Dec 23, 2016 · office of the United States Department of Homeland Security
NOAA National Weather Service Pacific Region
established Jan 1, 2017 · administers the programs and facilities of the NWS throughout a large expanse of the Pacific
Office of the Federal Coordinator, Alaska Natural Gas Transportation Projects
abolished Mar 7, 2015
Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service
abolished Sep 1, 2009 · agency of the United States Department of Agriculture (1994-2009) · replaced by National Institute of Food and Agriculture
Employment Standards Administration
abolished Nov 8, 2009 · large agency within the U.S. Department of Labor, ESA was eliminated on November 8, 2009
Tropical Prediction Center
abolished Jan 1, 2010
U.S. Geological Survey Biological Resources Division
abolished Jan 1, 2010 · defunct division of the U.S. Geological Survey · replaced by USGS Ecosystems Mission Area
Minerals Management Service
abolished Jan 1, 2011 · government agency · replaced by Bureau of Ocean Energy Management
Office of Thrift Supervision
abolished Jul 21, 2011 · U.S. Treasury Department agency · replaced by Office of the Comptroller of the Currency
Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense, Networks and Information Integration, Information Management
abolished Jan 11, 2012 · former office of the United States Department of Defense
Research and Innovative Technology Administration
abolished Jan 1, 2014 · research programs agency within the U.S. Department of Transportation
Defense Prisoner of War/Missing Personnel Office
abolished Jan 30, 2015 · agency of the United States Department of Defense · replaced by Defense POW/MIA Accounting Agency
Recovery Accountability and Transparency Board
abolished Sep 30, 2015 · former agency of the United States federal government
Agency start and end dates come from Wikidata, which covers smaller bureaus unevenly.
executive/regulationsFederal regulations+29,008Federal Register API ↗
29,008 final rules published in the Federal Register
from Jan 20, 2009
3,038 of them flagged "significant" under EO 12866
major economic or policy impact
19,631 proposed rules · 198,334 notices
Loading which agencies published the most rules…
Final rules carry the force of law. Rescissions count as rules too, so this measures regulatory activity, not net growth.
Military
military/conflictsArmed conflictsU.S. in 4 armed conflicts → 7
Iraq: insurgency and war against IS
ended Dec 18, 2011 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against Ansar al-Islam, IS
Yemen: Houthis and AQAP
U.S. combat role recorded through 2014 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against Ansarallah, AQAP
Iraq: insurgency and war against IS
began Aug 8, 2014 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against IS
Somalia: al-Shabaab
began 2015 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against Al-Shabaab
Afghanistan: Islamic State
began Mar 3, 2015 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against IS
Libya: Islamic State
began 2016 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against IS
Niger: Islamic State
began in 2017 (exact date unknown; may be after Jan 19, 2017) · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against IS
2 conflicts active on both dates
War against al-Qaida
since Sep 11, 2001 · U.S. a principal party · against al-Qaida
War in Afghanistan (Taliban insurgency)
since 2003 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against the Taliban
An armed conflict here means at least 25 battle deaths in a year, with U.S. forces as a party or fighting for a government (UCDP's definition). Air strikes, raids, and advisory missions below that threshold aren't included. UN peacekeeping missions are excluded.
Legislative
legislative/controlControl of Congress111
112
113
114
115
Top: House · Bottom: Senate DemocraticRepublican
111th Congress → 115th Congress · 4 new Congresses elected
2 changes of chamber control along the way
House: Democrat majority
256 D · 178 R
House: Republican majority
241 R · 194 D
Senate: Democrat majority
58 D · 41 R
Senate: Republican majority
52 R · 48 D
legislative/senateSenate+53−52congress-legislators ↗
53 new members · 52 departed · 47 served on both dates · women 17 → 21 · median age 62 → 63
17 seats changed party
Richard G. Lugar R
Indiana
Joe Donnelly D
Indiana
Olympia J. Snowe R
Maine
Angus S. King, Jr. I
Maine
Ben Nelson D
Nebraska
Deb Fischer R
Nebraska
Mark Udall D
Colorado
Cory Gardner R
Colorado
Show 13 more seat flips
John D. Rockefeller, IV D
West Virginia
Shelley Moore Capito R
West Virginia
Mary L. Landrieu D
Louisiana
Bill Cassidy R
Louisiana
Mark L. Pryor D
Arkansas
Tom Cotton R
Arkansas
Max Baucus D
Montana
Steve Daines R
Montana
Mark Begich D
Alaska
Dan Sullivan R
Alaska
Tom Harkin D
Iowa
Joni Ernst R
Iowa
Kay R. Hagan D
North Carolina
Thom Tillis R
North Carolina
Tim Johnson D
South Dakota
Mike Rounds R
South Dakota
Blanche Lambert Lincoln D
Arkansas
John Boozman R
Arkansas
Byron L. Dorgan D
North Dakota
John Hoeven R
North Dakota
Russell D. Feingold D
Wisconsin
Ron Johnson R
Wisconsin
Evan Bayh D
Indiana
Todd Young R
Indiana
Judd A. Gregg R
New Hampshire
Margaret Wood Hassan D
New Hampshire
Who joined and who left (53 in · 52 out)
Dan Sullivan R
Alaska
Tom Cotton R
Arkansas
John Boozman R
Arkansas
Jeff Flake R
Arizona
Kamala D. Harris D
California
Cory Gardner R
Colorado
Michael F. Bennet D
Colorado
Christopher Murphy D
Connecticut
Richard Blumenthal D
Connecticut
Christopher A. Coons D
Delaware
Marco Rubio R
Florida
David Perdue R
Georgia
Mazie K. Hirono D
Hawaii
Brian Schatz D
Hawaii
Joni Ernst R
Iowa
Tammy Duckworth D
Illinois
Joe Donnelly D
Indiana
Todd Young R
Indiana
Jerry Moran R
Kansas
Rand Paul R
Kentucky
Bill Cassidy R
Louisiana
John Kennedy R
Louisiana
Elizabeth Warren D
Massachusetts
Edward J. Markey D
Massachusetts
Chris Van Hollen D
Maryland
Angus S. King, Jr. I
Maine
Gary C. Peters D
Michigan
Al Franken D
Minnesota
Roy Blunt R
Missouri
Steve Daines R
Montana
Thom Tillis R
North Carolina
Heidi Heitkamp D
North Dakota
John Hoeven R
North Dakota
Deb Fischer R
Nebraska
Ben Sasse R
Nebraska
Margaret Wood Hassan D
New Hampshire
Cory A. Booker D
New Jersey
Martin Heinrich D
New Mexico
Dean Heller R
Nevada
Catherine Cortez Masto D
Nevada
Kirsten E. Gillibrand D
New York
Rob Portman R
Ohio
James Lankford R
Oklahoma
Patrick J. Toomey R
Pennsylvania
Tim Scott R
South Carolina
Mike Rounds R
South Dakota
Ted Cruz R
Texas
Mike Lee R
Utah
Tim Kaine D
Virginia
Tammy Baldwin D
Wisconsin
Ron Johnson R
Wisconsin
Joe Manchin, III D
West Virginia
Shelley Moore Capito R
West Virginia
Mark Begich D
Alaska
Blanche Lambert Lincoln D
Arkansas
Mark L. Pryor D
Arkansas
Jon Kyl R
Arizona
Barbara Boxer D
California
Ken Salazar D
Colorado
Mark Udall D
Colorado
Christopher J. Dodd D
Connecticut
Joseph I. Lieberman I
Connecticut
Edward E. Kaufman D
Delaware
Mel Martinez R
Florida
Saxby Chambliss R
Georgia
Daniel K. Inouye D
Hawaii
Daniel K. Akaka D
Hawaii
Tom Harkin D
Iowa
Roland Burris D
Illinois
Evan Bayh D
Indiana
Richard G. Lugar R
Indiana
Samuel D. Brownback R
Kansas
Jim Bunning R
Kentucky
David Vitter R
Louisiana
Mary L. Landrieu D
Louisiana
Edward M. Kennedy D
Massachusetts
John F. Kerry D
Massachusetts
Barbara A. Mikulski D
Maryland
Olympia J. Snowe R
Maine
Carl Levin D
Michigan
Christopher S. Bond R
Missouri
Max Baucus D
Montana
Kay R. Hagan D
North Carolina
Byron L. Dorgan D
North Dakota
Kent Conrad D
North Dakota
Ben Nelson D
Nebraska
Mike Johanns R
Nebraska
Judd A. Gregg R
New Hampshire
Frank R. Lautenberg D
New Jersey
Jeff Bingaman D
New Mexico
Harry Reid D
Nevada
John Eric Ensign R
Nevada
Hillary Rodham Clinton D
New York
George V. Voinovich R
Ohio
Tom Coburn R
Oklahoma
Arlen Specter R
Pennsylvania
Jim DeMint R
South Carolina
Tim Johnson D
South Dakota
Kay Bailey Hutchison R
Texas
Robert F. Bennett R
Utah
Jim Webb D
Virginia
Russell D. Feingold D
Wisconsin
Herb Kohl D
Wisconsin
Robert C. Byrd D
West Virginia
John D. Rockefeller, IV D
West Virginia
legislative/houseHouse+245−244congress-legislators ↗
245 new members · 244 departed · 190 served on both dates · women 75 → 83 · median age 57 → 58
37 state delegations changed
Show delegation changes
Alabama 3 D · 4 R
Alabama 1 D · 6 R
Arkansas 3 D · 1 R
Arkansas 0 D · 4 R
Arizona 5 D · 3 R
Arizona 4 D · 5 R
California 34 D · 19 R
California 39 D · 14 R
Colorado 5 D · 2 R
Colorado 3 D · 4 R
Delaware 0 D · 1 R
Delaware 1 D · 0 R
Florida 10 D · 15 R
Florida 11 D · 16 R
Georgia 6 D · 7 R
Georgia 4 D · 10 R
Iowa 3 D · 2 R
Iowa 1 D · 3 R
Idaho 1 D · 1 R
Idaho 0 D · 2 R
Indiana 5 D · 4 R
Indiana 2 D · 7 R
Kansas 1 D · 3 R
Kansas 0 D · 4 R
Kentucky 2 D · 4 R
Kentucky 1 D · 5 R
Louisiana 1 D · 6 R
Louisiana 1 D · 5 R
Massachusetts 10 D · 0 R
Massachusetts 9 D · 0 R
Maine 2 D · 0 R
Maine 1 D · 1 R
Michigan 8 D · 7 R
Michigan 5 D · 9 R
Missouri 4 D · 5 R
Missouri 2 D · 6 R
Mississippi 3 D · 1 R
Mississippi 1 D · 3 R
North Carolina 8 D · 5 R
North Carolina 3 D · 10 R
North Dakota 1 D · 0 R
North Dakota 0 D · 1 R
New Jersey 8 D · 5 R
New Jersey 7 D · 5 R
New Mexico 3 D · 0 R
New Mexico 2 D · 1 R
Nevada 2 D · 1 R
Nevada 3 D · 1 R
New York 26 D · 3 R
New York 18 D · 9 R
Ohio 10 D · 8 R
Ohio 4 D · 12 R
Oklahoma 1 D · 4 R
Oklahoma 0 D · 5 R
Pennsylvania 12 D · 7 R
Pennsylvania 5 D · 13 R
South Carolina 2 D · 4 R
South Carolina 1 D · 6 R
South Dakota 1 D · 0 R
South Dakota 0 D · 1 R
Tennessee 5 D · 4 R
Tennessee 2 D · 7 R
Texas 12 D · 20 R
Texas 11 D · 25 R
Utah 1 D · 2 R
Utah 0 D · 4 R
Virginia 6 D · 5 R
Virginia 4 D · 7 R
Washington 6 D · 3 R
Washington 6 D · 4 R
Wisconsin 5 D · 3 R
Wisconsin 3 D · 5 R
West Virginia 2 D · 1 R
West Virginia 0 D · 3 R
Who joined and who left (245 in · 244 out)
Martha Roby R
Alabama-2
Bradley Byrne R
Alabama-1
Mo Brooks R
Alabama-5
Terri A. Sewell D
Alabama-7
Gary J. Palmer R
Alabama-6
Eric A. "Rick" Crawford R
Arkansas-1
Steve Womack R
Arkansas-3
J. French Hill R
Arkansas-2
Bruce Westerman R
Arkansas-4
Martha McSally R
Arizona-2
Tom O’Halleran D
Arizona-1
Kyrsten Sinema D
Arizona-9
Paul A. Gosar R
Arizona-4
David Schweikert R
Arizona-6
Ruben Gallego D
Arizona-7
Andy Biggs R
Arizona-5
Jeff Denham R
California-10
Stephen Knight R
California-25
Mimi Walters R
California-45
Paul Cook R
California-8
Karen Bass D
California-37
Alan S. Lowenthal D
California-47
Tony Cárdenas D
California-29
Doug LaMalfa R
California-1
Eric Swalwell D
California-15
Judy Chu D
California-27
John Garamendi D
California-3
Jared Huffman D
California-2
Ami Bera D
California-7
Julia Brownley D
California-26
Raul Ruiz D
California-36
Mark Takano D
California-41
Juan Vargas D
California-51
Scott H. Peters D
California-52
Mark DeSaulnier D
California-11
Pete Aguilar D
California-31
Ted Lieu D
California-33
Norma J. Torres D
California-35
Ro Khanna D
California-17
Jimmy Panetta D
California-20
Salud O. Carbajal D
California-24
Nanette Diaz Barragán D
California-44
J. Luis Correa D
California-46
David G. Valadao R
California-21
Scott R. Tipton R
Colorado-3
Ken Buck R
Colorado-4
Elizabeth H. Esty D
Connecticut-5
Lisa Blunt Rochester D
Delaware-AL
Ron DeSantis R
Florida-6
Dennis A. Ross R
Florida-15
Carlos Curbelo R
Florida-26
Ted S. Yoho R
Florida-3
Francis Rooney R
Florida-19
Charlie Crist D
Florida-13
Theodore E. Deutch D
Florida-22
Al Lawson, Jr. D
Florida-5
Stephanie N. Murphy D
Florida-7
Val Butler Demings D
Florida-10
Matt Gaetz R
Florida-1
Daniel Webster R
Florida-11
Frederica S. Wilson D
Florida-24
Lois Frankel D
Florida-21
Neal P. Dunn R
Florida-2
John H. Rutherford R
Florida-4
Darren Soto D
Florida-9
Brian J. Mast R
Florida-18
Tom Graves R
Georgia-14
Rob Woodall R
Georgia-7
Doug Collins R
Georgia-9
Jody B. Hice R
Georgia-10
A. Drew Ferguson IV R
Georgia-3
Austin Scott R
Georgia-8
Earl L. "Buddy" Carter R
Georgia-1
Barry Loudermilk R
Georgia-11
Rick W. Allen R
Georgia-12
Colleen Hanabusa D
Hawaii-1
Tulsi Gabbard D
Hawaii-2
Rod Blum R
Iowa-1
David Young R
Iowa-3
Raúl R. Labrador R
Idaho-1
Randy Hultgren R
Illinois-14
Adam Kinzinger R
Illinois-16
Rodney Davis R
Illinois-13
Cheri Bustos D
Illinois-17
Mike Quigley D
Illinois-5
Robin L. Kelly D
Illinois-2
Mike Bost R
Illinois-12
Darin LaHood R
Illinois-18
Bradley Scott Schneider D
Illinois-10
Raja Krishnamoorthi D
Illinois-8
Todd Rokita R
Indiana-4
Luke Messer R
Indiana-6
Susan W. Brooks R
Indiana-5
Jackie Walorski R
Indiana-2
Trey Hollingsworth R
Indiana-9
Larry Bucshon R
Indiana-8
Jim Banks R
Indiana-3
Mike Pompeo R
Kansas-4
Kevin Yoder R
Kansas-3
Roger Marshall R
Kansas-1
Thomas Massie R
Kentucky-4
Andy Barr R
Kentucky-6
James Comer R
Kentucky-1
Ralph Lee Abraham R
Louisiana-5
Cedric L. Richmond D
Louisiana-2
Garret Graves R
Louisiana-6
Clay Higgins R
Louisiana-3
Mike Johnson R
Louisiana-4
Joseph P. Kennedy III D
Massachusetts-4
William R. Keating D
Massachusetts-9
Katherine M. Clark D
Massachusetts-5
Seth Moulton D
Massachusetts-6
John K. Delaney D
Maryland-6
Anthony G. Brown D
Maryland-4
Andy Harris R
Maryland-1
Jamie Raskin D
Maryland-8
Bruce Poliquin R
Maine-2
Mike Bishop R
Michigan-8
David A. Trott R
Michigan-11
Justin Amash R
Michigan-3
Paul Mitchell R
Michigan-10
Brenda L. Lawrence D
Michigan-14
Daniel T. Kildee D
Michigan-5
Bill Huizenga R
Michigan-2
Tim Walberg R
Michigan-7
John R. Moolenaar R
Michigan-4
Debbie Dingell D
Michigan-12
Jack Bergman R
Michigan-1
Richard M. Nolan D
Minnesota-8
Jason Lewis R
Minnesota-2
Tom Emmer R
Minnesota-6
Vicky Hartzler R
Missouri-4
Billy Long R
Missouri-7
Ann Wagner R
Missouri-2
Jason Smith R
Missouri-8
Steven M. Palazzo R
Mississippi-4
Trent Kelly R
Mississippi-1
Ryan K. Zinke R
Montana-AL
Robert Pittenger R
North Carolina-9
Mark Meadows R
North Carolina-11
George Holding R
North Carolina-2
Mark Walker R
North Carolina-6
Richard Hudson R
North Carolina-8
Alma S. Adams D
North Carolina-12
David Rouzer R
North Carolina-7
Ted Budd R
North Carolina-13
Kevin Cramer R
North Dakota-AL
Don Bacon R
Nebraska-2
Ann M. Kuster D
New Hampshire-2
Thomas MacArthur R
New Jersey-3
Donald M. Payne, Jr. D
New Jersey-10
Donald Norcross D
New Jersey-1
Bonnie Watson Coleman D
New Jersey-12
Josh Gottheimer D
New Jersey-5
Michelle Lujan Grisham D
New Mexico-1
Stevan Pearce R
New Mexico-2
Ruben J. Kihuen D
Nevada-4
Mark E. Amodei R
Nevada-2
Jacky Rosen D
Nevada-3
Daniel M. Donovan, Jr. R
New York-11
John J. Faso R
New York-19
Chris Collins R
New York-27
Tom Reed R
New York-23
Sean Patrick Maloney D
New York-18
Lee M. Zeldin R
New York-1
Kathleen M. Rice D
New York-4
John Katko R
New York-24
Grace Meng D
New York-6
Hakeem S. Jeffries D
New York-8
Elise M. Stefanik R
New York-21
Adriano Espaillat D
New York-13
Claudia Tenney R
New York-22
Thomas R. Suozzi D
New York-3
James B. Renacci R
Ohio-16
Steve Stivers R
Ohio-15
Steve Chabot R
Ohio-1
Bob Gibbs R
Ohio-7
Bill Johnson R
Ohio-6
Brad R. Wenstrup R
Ohio-2
Joyce Beatty D
Ohio-3
David P. Joyce R
Ohio-14
Warren Davidson R
Ohio-8
Jim Bridenstine R
Oklahoma-1
Steve Russell R
Oklahoma-5
Markwayne Mullin R
Oklahoma-2
Suzanne Bonamici D
Oregon-1
Patrick Meehan R
Pennsylvania-7
Lou Barletta R
Pennsylvania-11
Keith J. Rothfus R
Pennsylvania-12
Ryan A. Costello R
Pennsylvania-6
Tom Marino R
Pennsylvania-10
Matt Cartwright D
Pennsylvania-17
Mike Kelly R
Pennsylvania-3
Scott Perry R
Pennsylvania-4
Brendan F. Boyle D
Pennsylvania-13
Dwight Evans D
Pennsylvania-2
Brian K. Fitzpatrick R
Pennsylvania-8
Lloyd Smucker R
Pennsylvania-16
David N. Cicilline D
Rhode Island-1
Mick Mulvaney R
South Carolina-5
Trey Gowdy R
South Carolina-4
Mark Sanford R
South Carolina-1
Tom Rice R
South Carolina-7
Jeff Duncan R
South Carolina-3
Kristi L. Noem R
South Dakota-AL
Diane Black R
Tennessee-6
Scott DesJarlais R
Tennessee-4
Charles J. "Chuck" Fleischmann R
Tennessee-3
David Kustoff R
Tennessee-8
Blake Farenthold R
Texas-27
Beto O’Rourke D
Texas-16
John Ratcliffe R
Texas-4
Bill Flores R
Texas-17
Will Hurd R
Texas-23
Filemon Vela D
Texas-34
Randy K. Weber, Sr. R
Texas-14
Joaquin Castro D
Texas-20
Roger Williams R
Texas-25
Marc A. Veasey D
Texas-33
Brian Babin R
Texas-36
Vicente Gonzalez D
Texas-15
Jodey C. Arrington R
Texas-19
Mia B. Love R
Utah-4
Chris Stewart R
Utah-2
Dave Brat R
Virginia-7
Barbara Comstock R
Virginia-10
Scott Taylor R
Virginia-2
Thomas A. Garrett, Jr. R
Virginia-5
A. Donald McEachin D
Virginia-4
H. Morgan Griffith R
Virginia-9
Donald S. Beyer, Jr. D
Virginia-8
Denny Heck D
Washington-10
Jaime Herrera Beutler R
Washington-3
Derek Kilmer D
Washington-6
Suzan K. DelBene D
Washington-1
Dan Newhouse R
Washington-4
Pramila Jayapal D
Washington-7
Sean P. Duffy R
Wisconsin-7
Mike Gallagher R
Wisconsin-8
Mark Pocan D
Wisconsin-2
Glenn Grothman R
Wisconsin-6
Evan H. Jenkins R
West Virginia-3
David B. McKinley R
West Virginia-1
Alexander X. Mooney R
West Virginia-2
Liz Cheney R
Wyoming-AL
Parker Griffith D
Alabama-5
Bobby Bright D
Alabama-2
Artur Davis D
Alabama-7
Jo Bonner R
Alabama-1
Spencer Bachus R
Alabama-6
Robert Marion Berry D
Arkansas-1
Victor F. Snyder D
Arkansas-2
Mike Ross D
Arkansas-4
John Boozman R
Arkansas-3
Harry E. Mitchell D
Arizona-5
John B. Shadegg R
Arizona-3
Gabrielle Giffords D
Arizona-8
Ed Pastor D
Arizona-4
Jeff Flake R
Arizona-6
Ann Kirkpatrick D
Arizona-1
Hilda L. Solis D
California-32
Ellen O. Tauscher D
California-10
George P. Radanovich R
California-19
Diane E. Watson D
California-33
Dennis A. Cardoza D
California-18
Jane Harman D
California-36
Bob Filner D
California-51
Joe Baca D
California-43
Howard L. Berman D
California-28
Brian P. Bilbray R
California-50
Mary Bono Mack R
California-45
David Dreier R
California-26
Elton Gallegly R
California-24
Wally Herger R
California-2
Jerry Lewis R
California-41
Daniel E. Lungren R
California-3
Laura Richardson D
California-37
Fortney Pete Stark D
California-13
Lynn C. Woolsey D
California-6
John Campbell R
California-48
Howard P. "Buck" McKeon R
California-25
Gary G. Miller R
California-42
George Miller D
California-7
Henry A. Waxman D
California-30
Lois Capps D
California-23
Sam Farr D
California-17
Michael M. Honda D
California-15
Loretta Sanchez D
California-47
Betsy Markey D
Colorado-4
John Tony Salazar D
Colorado-3
Christopher Murphy D
Connecticut-5
Michael N. Castle R
Delaware-AL
Robert Wexler D
Florida-19
Allen Boyd Jr. D
Florida-2
Virginia Brown-Waite R
Florida-5
Lincoln Diaz-Balart R
Florida-21
Ron Klein D
Florida-22
Suzanne M. Kosmas D
Florida-24
Kendrick Brett Meek D
Florida-17
Adam H. Putnam R
Florida-12
Connie Mack R
Florida-14
Cliff Stearns R
Florida-6
C. W. Bill Young R
Florida-10
Corrine Brown D
Florida-3
Ander Crenshaw R
Florida-4
John L. Mica R
Florida-7
Jeff Miller R
Florida-1
Alan Grayson D
Florida-8
Nathan Deal R
Georgia-9
John Linder R
Georgia-7
James Marshall D
Georgia-8
John Barrow D
Georgia-12
Paul C. Broun R
Georgia-10
Phil Gingrey R
Georgia-11
Jack Kingston R
Georgia-1
Lynn A. Westmoreland R
Georgia-3
Neil Abercrombie D
Hawaii-1
Mazie K. Hirono D
Hawaii-2
Leonard L. Boswell D
Iowa-3
Bruce L. Braley D
Iowa-1
Tom Latham R
Iowa-4
Walter Minnick D
Idaho-1
Mark Kirk R
Illinois-10
Melissa L. Bean D
Illinois-8
Deborah L. Halvorson D
Illinois-11
Phil Hare D
Illinois-17
Jesse L. Jackson Jr. D
Illinois-2
Judy Biggert R
Illinois-13
Jerry F. Costello D
Illinois-12
Timothy V. Johnson R
Illinois-15
Donald A. Manzullo R
Illinois-16
Aaron Schock R
Illinois-18
Mark Edward Souder R
Indiana-3
Stephen E. Buyer R
Indiana-4
Brad Ellsworth D
Indiana-8
Baron P. Hill D
Indiana-9
Dan Burton R
Indiana-5
Mike Pence R
Indiana-6
Joe Donnelly D
Indiana-2
Dennis Moore D
Kansas-3
Todd Tiahrt R
Kansas-4
Jerry Moran R
Kansas-1
Geoff Davis R
Kentucky-4
Ben Chandler D
Kentucky-6
Ed Whitfield R
Kentucky-1
Anh Cao R
Louisiana-2
Charles J. Melancon D
Louisiana-3
Rodney Alexander R
Louisiana-5
Charles W. Boustany Jr. R
Louisiana-7
John Fleming R
Louisiana-4
Bill Cassidy R
Louisiana-6
William D. Delahunt D
Massachusetts-10
Barney Frank D
Massachusetts-4
John W. Olver D
Massachusetts-1
John F. Tierney D
Massachusetts-6
Edward J. Markey D
Massachusetts-7
Frank Kratovil Jr. D
Maryland-1
Roscoe G. Bartlett R
Maryland-6
Donna F. Edwards D
Maryland-4
Chris Van Hollen D
Maryland-8
Michael H. Michaud D
Maine-2
Vernon J. Ehlers R
Michigan-3
Peter Hoekstra R
Michigan-2
Carolyn Cheeks Kilpatrick D
Michigan-13
Mark H. Schauer D
Michigan-7
Bart T. Stupak D
Michigan-1
Thaddeus G. McCotter R
Michigan-11
Dale E. Kildee D
Michigan-5
Dave Camp R
Michigan-4
John D. Dingell D
Michigan-15
Mike Rogers R
Michigan-8
Candice S. Miller R
Michigan-10
Gary C. Peters D
Michigan-9
James L. Oberstar D
Minnesota-8
Michele Bachmann R
Minnesota-6
John Kline R
Minnesota-2
Ike Skelton D
Missouri-4
W. Todd Akin R
Missouri-2
Russ Carnahan D
Missouri-3
Jo Ann Emerson R
Missouri-8
Roy Blunt R
Missouri-7
Travis W. Childers D
Mississippi-1
Gene Taylor D
Mississippi-4
Denny Rehberg R
Montana-AL
Bob R. Etheridge D
North Carolina-2
Larry Kissell D
North Carolina-8
Brad Miller D
North Carolina-13
Sue Wilkins Myrick R
North Carolina-9
Heath Shuler D
North Carolina-11
Melvin L. Watt D
North Carolina-12
Mike McIntyre D
North Carolina-7
Howard Coble R
North Carolina-6
Earl Ralph Pomeroy D
North Dakota-AL
Lee Terry R
Nebraska-2
Paul W. Hodes D
New Hampshire-2
John H. Adler D
New Jersey-3
Donald M. Payne D
New Jersey-10
Steven R. Rothman D
New Jersey-9
Robert E. Andrews D
New Jersey-1
Rush Holt D
New Jersey-12
Scott Garrett R
New Jersey-5
Harry Teague D
New Mexico-2
Martin Heinrich D
New Mexico-1
Shelley Berkley D
Nevada-1
Dean Heller R
Nevada-2
Kirsten E. Gillibrand D
New York-20
John M. McHugh R
New York-23
Eric J. J. Massa D
New York-29
Michael A. Arcuri D
New York-24
John J. Hall D
New York-19
Michael E. McMahon D
New York-13
Christopher John Lee R
New York-26
Anthony David Weiner D
New York-9
Gary L. Ackerman D
New York-5
Maurice D. Hinchey D
New York-22
Edolphus Towns D
New York-10
Timothy H. Bishop D
New York-1
Carolyn McCarthy D
New York-4
Daniel B. Maffei D
New York-25
Steve Israel D
New York-2
Charles B. Rangel D
New York-15
John A. Boccieri D
Ohio-16
Steve Driehaus D
Ohio-1
Mary Jo Kilroy D
Ohio-15
Zachary T. Space D
Ohio-18
Charles A. Wilson D
Ohio-6
Steve Austria R
Ohio-7
Dennis J. Kucinich D
Ohio-10
Steven C. LaTourette R
Ohio-14
Jean Schmidt R
Ohio-2
Betty Sutton D
Ohio-13
John A. Boehner R
Ohio-8
Mary Fallin R
Oklahoma-5
Dan Boren D
Oklahoma-2
John Sullivan R
Oklahoma-1
David Wu D
Oregon-1
John P. Murtha D
Pennsylvania-12
Christopher P. Carney D
Pennsylvania-10
Kathleen A. Dahlkemper D
Pennsylvania-3
Paul E. Kanjorski D
Pennsylvania-11
Patrick J. Murphy D
Pennsylvania-8
Joe Sestak D
Pennsylvania-7
Jason Altmire D
Pennsylvania-4
Tim Holden D
Pennsylvania-17
Todd Russell Platts R
Pennsylvania-19
Jim Gerlach R
Pennsylvania-6
Allyson Y. Schwartz D
Pennsylvania-13
Chaka Fattah D
Pennsylvania-2
Joseph R. Pitts R
Pennsylvania-16
Patrick Joseph Kennedy D
Rhode Island-1
James Gresham Barrett R
South Carolina-3
Henry E. Brown Jr. R
South Carolina-1
Bob Inglis R
South Carolina-4
John McKee Spratt Jr. D
South Carolina-5
Stephanie Herseth Sandlin D
South Dakota-AL
Lincoln Davis D
Tennessee-4
Barton Jennings Gordon D
Tennessee-6
John S. Tanner D
Tennessee-8
Zach Wamp R
Tennessee-3
Thomas Edwards D
Texas-17
Solomon P. Ortiz D
Texas-27
Ciro D. Rodriguez D
Texas-23
Charles A. Gonzalez D
Texas-20
Ron Paul R
Texas-14
Silvestre Reyes D
Texas-16
Ralph M. Hall R
Texas-4
Rubén Hinojosa D
Texas-15
Randy Neugebauer R
Texas-19
Jim Matheson D
Utah-2
Frederick C. Boucher D
Virginia-9
Glenn C. Nye D
Virginia-2
Thomas S. P. Perriello D
Virginia-5
Eric Cantor R
Virginia-7
James P. Moran D
Virginia-8
Frank R. Wolf R
Virginia-10
J. Randy Forbes R
Virginia-4
Brian N. Baird D
Washington-3
Jay Inslee D
Washington-1
Norman D. Dicks D
Washington-6
Doc Hastings R
Washington-4
Jim McDermott D
Washington-7
Steve Kagen D
Wisconsin-8
David Ross Obey D
Wisconsin-7
Thomas E. Petri R
Wisconsin-6
Tammy Baldwin D
Wisconsin-2
Alan B. Mollohan D
West Virginia-1
Nick J. Rahall II D
West Virginia-3
Shelley Moore Capito R
West Virginia-2
Cynthia M. Lummis R
Wyoming-AL
legislative/lawsLaws enacted+1,290Congress.gov ↗
1,290 public laws enacted · 3 landmark · 689 notable · 281 routine · 317 ceremonial
Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act of 2009
Pub. L. 111-2 · Jan 29, 2009
Omnibus Appropriations Act, 2009
Pub. L. 111-8 · Mar 11, 2009
Omnibus Public Land Management Act of 2009
Pub. L. 111-11 · Mar 30, 2009
Federal Aviation Administration Extension Act of 2009
Pub. L. 111-12 · Mar 30, 2009
Edward M. Kennedy Serve America Act
Pub. L. 111-13 · Apr 21, 2009
Special Inspector General for the Troubled Asset Relief Program Act of 2009
Pub. L. 111-15 · Apr 24, 2009
Statutory Time-Periods Technical Amendments Act of 2009
Pub. L. 111-16 · May 7, 2009
Show 30 more notable laws
Civil Rights History Project Act of 2009
Pub. L. 111-19 · May 12, 2009
Protecting Incentives for the Adoption of Children with Special Needs Act of 2009
Pub. L. 111-20 · May 15, 2009
Fraud Enforcement and Recovery Act of 2009
Pub. L. 111-21 · May 20, 2009
Weapon Systems Acquisition Reform Act of 2009
Pub. L. 111-23 · May 22, 2009
Credit CARD Act of 2009
Pub. L. 111-24 · May 22, 2009
Ronald Reagan Centennial Commission Act
Pub. L. 111-25 · Jun 2, 2009
Antitrust Criminal Penalty Enhancement and Reform Act of 2004 Extension Act
Pub. L. 111-30 · Jun 19, 2009
Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2009
Pub. L. 111-32 · Jun 24, 2009
Native American Heritage Day Act of 2009
Pub. L. 111-33 · Jun 26, 2009
Webcaster Settlement Act of 2009
Pub. L. 111-36 · Jun 30, 2009
Veterans' Compensation Cost-of-Living Adjustment Act of 2009
Pub. L. 111-37 · Jun 30, 2009
Korean War Veterans Recognition Act
Pub. L. 111-41 · Jul 27, 2009
Miami Dade College Land Conveyance Act
Pub. L. 111-48 · Aug 12, 2009
Judicial Survivors Protection Act of 2009
Pub. L. 111-49 · Aug 12, 2009
Utah Recreational Land Exchange Act of 2009
Pub. L. 111-53 · Aug 19, 2009
WIPA and PABSS Reauthorization Act of 2009
Pub. L. 111-63 · Sep 18, 2009
Fiscal Year 2010 Federal Aviation Administration Extension Act
Pub. L. 111-69 · Oct 1, 2009
Enhanced Partnership with Pakistan Act of 2009
Pub. L. 111-73 · Oct 15, 2009
Foreign Evidence Request Efficiency Act of 2009
Pub. L. 111-79 · Oct 19, 2009
Agriculture, Rural Development, Food and Drug Administration, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2010
Pub. L. 111-80 · Oct 21, 2009
Veterans Health Care Budget Reform and Transparency Act of 2009
Pub. L. 111-81 · Oct 22, 2009
Department of Homeland Security Appropriations Act, 2010
Pub. L. 111-83 · Oct 28, 2009
National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2010
Pub. L. 111-84 · Oct 28, 2009
Energy and Water Development and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2010
Pub. L. 111-85 · Oct 28, 2009
Ryan White HIV/AIDS Treatment Extension Act of 2009
Pub. L. 111-87 · Oct 30, 2009
Morris K. Udall Scholarship and Excellence in National Environmental Policy Amendments Act of 2009
Pub. L. 111-90 · Nov 3, 2009
Worker, Homeownership, and Business Assistance Act of 2009
Pub. L. 111-92 · Nov 6, 2009
Credit CARD Technical Corrections Act of 2009
Pub. L. 111-93 · Nov 6, 2009
Military Spouses Residency Relief Act
Pub. L. 111-97 · Nov 11, 2009
Reserve Officers Association Modernization Act of 2009
Pub. L. 111-113 · Dec 14, 2009
Judicial
judicial/supreme-courtThe Supreme CourtBench by appointing party: 7 R · 2 D → 4 R · 4 D
John Paul Stevens R
appointed by Gerald Ford · 1975
Antonin Scalia R
appointed by Ronald Reagan · 1986
David Hackett Souter R
appointed by George H.W. Bush · 1990
Sonia Sotomayor D
appointed by Barack Obama · 2009
Elena Kagan D
appointed by Barack Obama · 2010
6 justices served on both dates
Anthony McLeod Kennedy R
appointed by Ronald Reagan · 1988
Clarence Thomas R
appointed by George H.W. Bush · 1991
Ruth Bader Ginsburg D
appointed by William J. Clinton · 1993
Stephen Gerald Breyer D
appointed by William J. Clinton · 1994
John Glover Roberts, Jr. R
appointed by George W. Bush · 2005
Samuel A. Alito, Jr. R
appointed by George W. Bush · 2006
judicial/lower-courtsAppeals & district courtsCourts of appeals (active judges): 99 R · 64 D · 2 N( → 90 D · 71 R · 1 N(
District courts (active judges): 372 R · 267 D → 347 D · 242 R
Barack Obama D appointed 330 judges
2 Supreme Court · 55 appeals · 269 district · 4 other
8 circuits flipped majority
First Circuit 2 D · 3 R (R majority)
First Circuit 4 D · 2 R (D majority)
Second Circuit 6 D · 6 R (tie majority)
Second Circuit 7 D · 4 R (D majority)
Third Circuit 6 D · 6 R (tie majority)
Third Circuit 7 D · 5 R (D majority)
Fourth Circuit 5 D · 6 R (R majority)
Fourth Circuit 10 D · 5 R (D majority)
Tenth Circuit 4 D · 8 R (R majority)
Tenth Circuit 7 D · 5 R (D majority)
Eleventh Circuit 4 D · 6 R (R majority)
Eleventh Circuit 8 D · 2 R (D majority)
District of Columbia Circuit 3 D · 6 R (R majority)
District of Columbia Circuit 7 D · 4 R (D majority)
Federal Circuit 4 D · 8 R (R majority)
Federal Circuit 8 D · 4 R (D majority)
D and R describe the party of the appointing president, not the judge. Active service ends when a judge takes senior status.
judicial/rulingsSupreme Court decisions569 argued decisions · 24 landmark
Cordell Pearson v. Afton Callahan
555 U.S. 223 · Jan 21, 2009 · Decided 9–0 · Civil Rights · Reversed · Overruled precedent
Montejo v. Louisiana
556 U.S. 778 · May 26, 2009 · Decided 5–4 · Criminal Procedure · Vacated and remanded · Overruled precedent
Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission
558 U.S. 310 · Jan 21, 2010 · Decided 5–4 · First Amendment · Affirmed in part, reversed in part, remanded · Overruled precedent · Declared federal law unconstitutional
United States v. Stevens
559 U.S. 460 · Apr 20, 2010 · Decided 8–1 · First Amendment · Affirmed · Declared federal law unconstitutional
Free Enterprise Fund and Beckstead and Watts v. Public Company Accounting Oversight Board
561 U.S. 477 · Jun 28, 2010 · Decided 5–4 · Miscellaneous · Affirmed in part, reversed in part, remanded · Declared federal law unconstitutional
Otis McDonald v. City of Chicago
561 U.S. 742 · Jun 28, 2010 · Decided 5–4 · Criminal Procedure · Reversed and remanded · Overruled precedent · Struck down local ordinance
Pepper v. United States
562 U.S. 476 · Mar 2, 2011 · Decided 6–2 · Criminal Procedure · Affirmed in part, reversed in part · Declared federal law unconstitutional
Bond v. United States
564 U.S. 211 · Jun 16, 2011 · Decided 9–0 · Judicial Power · Reversed and remanded · Overruled precedent
Stern v. Elaine T. Marshall
564 U.S. 462 · Jun 23, 2011 · Decided 5–4 · Private Action · Affirmed · Declared federal law unconstitutional
Hosanna-Tabor Evangelical Lutheran Church and School v. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
565 U.S. 171 · Jan 11, 2012 · Decided 9–0 · First Amendment · Reversed · Declared federal law unconstitutional
Show 14 more
Coleman v. Court of Appeals of Maryland
Mar 20, 2012 · Decided 5–4 · Federalism · Affirmed · Declared federal law unconstitutional
United States v. Xavier Alvarez
Jun 28, 2012 · Decided 6–3 · First Amendment · Affirmed · Declared federal law unconstitutional
National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius
Jun 28, 2012 · Decided 5–4 · Federalism · Affirmed in part, reversed in part
Alleyne v. United States
Jun 17, 2013 · Decided 5–4 · Criminal Procedure · Vacated and remanded · Overruled precedent
Agency for International Development v. Alliance for Open Society International, Inc.
Jun 20, 2013 · Decided 6–2 · First Amendment · Affirmed · Declared federal law unconstitutional
Shelby County v. Holder
Jun 25, 2013 · Decided 5–4 · Civil Rights · Reversed · Declared federal law unconstitutional
United States v. Windsor
Jun 26, 2013 · Decided 5–4 · Due Process · Affirmed · Declared federal law unconstitutional
McCutcheon v. FEC
Apr 2, 2014 · Decided 5–4 · First Amendment · Reversed and remanded · Declared federal law unconstitutional
Zivotofsky v. Kerry
Jun 8, 2015 · Decided 6–3 · Miscellaneous · Affirmed · Declared federal law unconstitutional
Horne v. Department of Agriculture
Jun 22, 2015 · Decided 8–1 · Due Process · Reversed · Declared federal law unconstitutional
King v. Burwell
Jun 25, 2015 · Decided 6–3 · Federal Taxation · Affirmed
Johnson v. United States
Jun 26, 2015 · Decided 8–1 · Due Process · Reversed and remanded · Overruled precedent · Declared federal law unconstitutional
Obergefell v. Hodges
Jun 26, 2015 · Decided 5–4 · Due Process · Reversed · Overruled precedent · Struck down state law
Hurst v. Florida
Jan 12, 2016 · Decided 8–1 · Criminal Procedure · Reversed and remanded · Overruled precedent · Struck down state law
Landmark means the Court overruled precedent, struck down a federal law, or the case is on a curated landmark list.
Fiscal
fiscal/budgetThe federal budget+0.6% real spendingOMB Historical Tables ↗
Fiscal year 2009 → fiscal year 2017 · inflation-adjusted with the GDP price index
Spending $3.52T
FY2009
Spending $3.98T
FY2017 · +13% nominal · +0.6% after inflation
Revenue $2.10T
FY2009
Revenue $3.32T
FY2017 · +58% nominal · +40% after inflation
Surplus / deficit −$1.41T
FY2009
Surplus / deficit −$665B
FY2017 · +$747B
Spending, % of GDP 24.3%
FY2009
Spending, % of GDP 20.6%
FY2017 · −3.7 pts
Debt held by the public, % of GDP 52.2%
FY2009
Debt held by the public, % of GDP 75.7%
FY2017 · +23.5 pts
Spending by function · real change
fiscal/debtTotal public debt outstanding+$9.32TTreasury Fiscal Data ↗
$10.6T
as of Jan 16, 2009
$19.9T
as of Jan 19, 2017
Constitution & Union
constitution/amendmentsAmendments & statehood27 → 27 amendments in force · 50 → 50 states
No amendments ratified and no states admitted. The last amendment was the 27th, in 1992.
Log
logEverything in between752 events · first 600 shown
- presidentBarack Hussein Obama takes office
- rulingCordell Pearson v. Afton Callahan
- lawLilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act of 2009
- lawAmerican Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009
- lawOmnibus Appropriations Act, 2009
- lawOmnibus Public Land Management Act of 2009
- lawFederal Aviation Administration Extension Act of 2009
- lawEdward M. Kennedy Serve America Act
- lawSpecial Inspector General for the Troubled Asset Relief Program Act of 2009
- lawStatutory Time-Periods Technical Amendments Act of 2009
- lawCivil Rights History Project Act of 2009
- lawProtecting Incentives for the Adoption of Children with Special Needs Act of 2009
- lawFraud Enforcement and Recovery Act of 2009
- lawWeapon Systems Acquisition Reform Act of 2009
- lawCredit CARD Act of 2009
- rulingMontejo v. Louisiana
- lawRonald Reagan Centennial Commission Act
- lawAntitrust Criminal Penalty Enhancement and Reform Act of 2004 Extension Act
- lawSupplemental Appropriations Act, 2009
- lawNative American Heritage Day Act of 2009
- lawWebcaster Settlement Act of 2009
- lawVeterans' Compensation Cost-of-Living Adjustment Act of 2009
- lawKorean War Veterans Recognition Act
- justiceSonia Sotomayor — Associate Justice
- lawMiami Dade College Land Conveyance Act
- lawJudicial Survivors Protection Act of 2009
- lawUtah Recreational Land Exchange Act of 2009
- lawWIPA and PABSS Reauthorization Act of 2009
- lawFiscal Year 2010 Federal Aviation Administration Extension Act
- orderFederal Leadership in Environmental, Energy, and Economic Performance
- lawEnhanced Partnership with Pakistan Act of 2009
- lawForeign Evidence Request Efficiency Act of 2009
- lawAgriculture, Rural Development, Food and Drug Administration, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2010
- lawVeterans Health Care Budget Reform and Transparency Act of 2009
- lawDepartment of Homeland Security Appropriations Act, 2010
- lawNational Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2010
- lawEnergy and Water Development and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2010
- lawRyan White HIV/AIDS Treatment Extension Act of 2009
- lawMorris K. Udall Scholarship and Excellence in National Environmental Policy Amendments Act of 2009
- lawWorker, Homeownership, and Business Assistance Act of 2009
- lawCredit CARD Technical Corrections Act of 2009
- lawMilitary Spouses Residency Relief Act
- lawReserve Officers Association Modernization Act of 2009
- lawNo Social Security Benefits for Prisoners Act of 2009
- lawConsolidated Appropriations Act, 2010
- lawDepartment of Defense Appropriations Act, 2010
- lawAirline Flight Crew Technical Corrections Act
- lawHuman Rights Enforcement Act of 2009
- orderAdjustments of Certain Rates of Pay
- orderClassified National Security Information
- rulingCitizens United v. Federal Election Commission
- lawEmergency Aid to American Survivors of the Haiti Earthquake Act
- lawNuclear Forensics and Attribution Act
- lawSocial Security Disability Applicants' Access to Professional Representation Act of 2010
- lawCriminal History Background Checks Pilot Extension Act of 2009
- lawExtension Act of 2010
- lawUnited States Capitol Police Administrative Technical Corrections Act of 2009
- lawTrademark Technical and Conforming Amendment Act of 2010
- lawPatient Protection and Affordable Care Act
- lawSatellite Television Extension Act of 2010
- lawHealth Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010
- lawFederal Aviation Administration Extension Act of 2010
- lawPrevent All Cigarette Trafficking Act of 2009
- lawPrevent Deceptive Census Look Alike Mailings Act
- lawContinuing Extension Act of 2010
- rulingUnited States v. Stevens
- lawHaiti Debt Relief and Earthquake Recovery Act of 2010
- lawTRICARE Affirmation Act
- lawAirport and Airway Extension Act of 2010
- lawCaregivers and Veterans Omnibus Health Services Act of 2010
- lawDaniel Pearl Freedom of the Press Act of 2009
- lawBlue Ridge Parkway and Town of Blowing Rock Land Exchange Act of 2009
- lawHaiti Economic Lift Program Act of 2010
- lawLord's Resistance Army Disarmament and Northern Uganda Recovery Act of 2009
- lawFederal Judiciary Administrative Improvements Act of 2010
- lawSatellite Television Extension and Localism Act of 2010
- lawExtending Immunities to the Office of the High Representative and the International Civilian Office in Kosovo Act of 2010
- lawSpecial Agent Samuel Hicks Families of Fallen Heroes Act
- lawPreservation of Access to Care for Medicare Beneficiaries and Pension Relief Act of 2010
- rulingFree Enterprise Fund and Beckstead and Watts v. Public Company Accounting Oversight Board
- rulingOtis McDonald v. City of Chicago
- lawComprehensive Iran Sanctions, Accountability, and Divestment Act of 2010
- lawNational Flood Insurance Program Extension Act of 2010
- lawAirport and Airway Extension Act of 2010, Part II
- lawHomebuyer Assistance and Improvement Act of 2010
- lawFormaldehyde Standards for Composite Wood Products Act
- lawCongressional Award Program Reauthorization Act of 2009
- lawDodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act
- lawImproper Payments Elimination and Recovery Act of 2010
- lawUnemployment Compensation Extension Act of 2010
- lawShasta-Trinity National Forest Administrative Jurisdiction Transfer Act
- lawCruise Vessel Security and Safety Act of 2010
- lawIndian Arts and Crafts Amendments Act of 2010
- lawSupplemental Appropriations Act, 2010
- lawIndependent Living Centers Technical Adjustment Act
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- lawFair Sentencing Act of 2010
- justiceElena Kagan — Associate Justice
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- lawSecuring the Protection of our Enduring and Established Constitutional Heritage Act
- lawUnited States Patent and Trademark Office Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2010
- lawCell Phone Contraband Act of 2010
- lawUnited States Manufacturing Enhancement Act of 2010
- lawGeneral and Special Risk Insurance Funds Availability Act of 2010
- lawAgricultural Credit Act of 2010
- lawFirearms Excise Tax Improvement Act of 2010
- order2010 Amendments to the Manual for Courts-Martial, United States
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- lawSmall Business Jobs Act of 2010
- lawMultinational Species Conservation Funds Semipostal Stamp Act of 2010
- lawContinuing Appropriations Act, 2011
- lawFirst Responder Anti-Terrorism Training Resources Act
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- lawImproving Access to Clinical Trials Act of 2009
- lawRosa's Law
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- lawIntelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2010
- lawTwenty-First Century Communications and Video Accessibility Act of 2010
- lawSecurity Cooperation Act of 2010
- lawFederal Supply Schedules Usage Act of 2010
- lawStem Cell Therapeutic and Research Reauthorization Act of 2010
- lawNational Aeronautics and Space Administration Authorization Act of 2010
- lawCombat Methamphetamine Enhancement Act of 2010
- lawIndian Veterans Housing Opportunity Act of 2010
- lawRedundancy Elimination and Enhanced Performance for Preparedness Grants Act
- lawSecure and Responsible Drug Disposal Act of 2010
- lawPlain Writing Act of 2010
- lawVeterans' Benefits Act of 2010
- lawWIPA and PABSS Extension Act of 2010
- lawCoast Guard Authorization Act of 2010
- lawUnited States Secret Service Uniformed Division Modernization Act of 2010
- lawPre-Election Presidential Transition Act of 2010
- lawMount Stevens and Ted Stevens Icefield Designation Act
- lawThe Physician Payment and Therapy Relief Act of 2010
- lawInternational Adoption Simplification Act
- lawClaims Resolution Act of 2010
- lawTelework Enhancement Act of 2010
- lawHelp HAITI Act of 2010
- lawAnimal Crush Video Prohibition Act of 2010
- lawCopyright Cleanup, Clarification, and Corrections Act of 2010
- lawHealthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act of 2010
- lawCoin Modernization, Oversight, and Continuity Act of 2010
- lawAmerican Eagle Palladium Bullion Coin Act of 2010
- lawAsian Carp Prevention and Control Act
- lawFederal Buildings Personnel Training Act of 2010
- lawMedicare and Medicaid Extenders Act of 2010
- lawCALM Act
- lawTax Relief, Unemployment Insurance Reauthorization, and Job Creation Act of 2010
- lawTruth in Fur Labeling Act of 2010
- lawSocial Security Number Protection Act of 2010
- lawRed Flag Program Clarification Act of 2010
- lawCAPTA Reauthorization Act of 2010
- orderAdjustments of Certain Rates of Pay
- lawDon't Ask, Don't Tell Repeal Act of 2010
- lawContinuing Appropriations and Surface Transportation Extensions Act, 2011
- lawHoh Indian Tribe Safe Homelands Act
- lawRegulated Investment Company Modernization Act of 2010
- lawBankruptcy Technical Corrections Act of 2010
- lawKingman and Heritage Islands Act of 2010
- lawAirport and Airway Extension Act of 2010, Part IV
- lawTruth in Caller ID Act of 2009
- lawNational Foundation on Fitness, Sports, and Nutrition Establishment Act
- lawLongfellow House-Washington's Headquarters National Historic Site Designation Act
- lawLongline Catcher Processor Subsector Single Fishery Cooperative Act
- lawEarly Hearing Detection and Intervention Act of 2010
- lawFOR VETS Act of 2010
- lawMuseum and Library Services Act of 2010
- lawCriminal History Background Checks Pilot Extension Act of 2010
- lawPreserving Foreign Criminal Assets for Forfeiture Act of 2010
- lawOmnibus Trade Act of 2010
- lawRestore Online Shoppers' Confidence Act
- lawHelping Heroes Keep Their Homes Act of 2010
- lawJames Zadroga 9/11 Health and Compensation Act of 2010
- lawShark Conservation Act of 2010
- lawPredisaster Hazard Mitigation Act of 2010
- lawGPRA Modernization Act of 2010
- lawFDA Food Safety Modernization Act
- lawNorthern Border Counternarcotics Strategy Act of 2010
- lawNational Wildlife Refuge Volunteer Improvement Act of 2010
- lawAmerica COMPETES Reauthorization Act of 2010
- lawDiesel Emissions Reduction Act of 2010
- lawAccess to Criminal History Records for State Sentencing Commissions Act of 2010
- lawLocal Community Radio Act of 2010
- lawSupportive Housing for the Elderly Act of 2010
- lawPedestrian Safety Enhancement Act of 2010
- lawFrank Melville Supportive Housing Investment Act of 2010
- lawNational Alzheimer's Project Act
- lawAnti-Border Corruption Act of 2010
- lawPost-9/11 Veterans Educational Assistance Improvements Act of 2010
- lawReduction of Lead in Drinking Water Act
- lawIke Skelton National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2011
- lawFISA Sunsets Extension Act of 2011
- lawFurther Continuing Appropriations Amendments, 2011
- rulingPepper v. United States
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- lawAdditional Continuing Appropriations Amendments, 2011
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- lawFurther Additional Continuing Appropriations Amendments, 2011
- lawComprehensive 1099 Taxpayer Protection and Repayment of Exchange Subsidy Overpayments Act of 2011
- lawDepartment of Defense and Full-Year Continuing Appropriations Act, 2011
- lawPATRIOT Sunsets Extension Act of 2011
- lawSmall Business Additional Temporary Extension Act of 2011
- lawIntelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2011
- rulingBond v. United States
- rulingStern v. Elaine T. Marshall
- agency+Consumer Financial Protection Bureau
- lawBudget Control Act of 2011
- lawRestoring GI Bill Fairness Act of 2011
- lawLeahy-Smith America Invents Act
- lawSurface and Air Transportation Programs Extension Act of 2011
- lawCombating Autism Reauthorization Act of 2011
- lawContinuing Appropriations Act, 2012
- lawChild and Family Services Improvement and Innovation Act
- lawShort-Term TANF Extension Act
- lawContinuing Appropriations Act, 2012
- lawVeterans Health Care Facilities Capital Improvement Act of 2011
- lawTrade Adjustment Assistance Extension Act of 2011
- lawUnited States-Korea Free Trade Agreement Implementation Act
- lawUnited States-Colombia Trade Promotion Agreement Implementation Act
- lawUnited States-Panama Trade Promotion Agreement Implementation Act
- lawUnited States Parole Commission Extension Act of 2011
- lawSki Area Recreational Opportunity Enhancement Act of 2011
- lawRemoval Clarification Act of 2011
- lawVeterans' Compensation Cost-of-Living Adjustment Act of 2011
- lawAsia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Business Travel Cards Act of 2011
- lawConsolidated and Further Continuing Appropriations Act, 2012
- lawKate Puzey Peace Corps Volunteer Protection Act of 2011
- lawAmerica's Cup Act of 2011
- lawAppeal Time Clarification Act of 2011
- lawFederal Courts Jurisdiction and Venue Clarification Act of 2011
- order2011 Amendments to the Manual for Courts-Martial, United States
- lawNational Guard and Reservist Debt Relief Extension Act of 2011
- war−Iraq: insurgency and war against IS
- orderAdjustments of Certain Rates of Pay
- lawFort Pulaski National Monument Lease Authorization Act
- lawBox Elder Utah Land Conveyance Act
- lawHoover Power Allocation Act of 2011
- lawCivilian Service Recognition Act of 2011
- lawConsolidated Appropriations Act, 2012
- lawUnited States Commission on International Religious Freedom Reform and Reauthorization Act of 2011
- lawFallen Heroes of 9/11 Act
- lawDisaster Relief Appropriations Act, 2012
- lawTemporary Payroll Tax Cut Continuation Act of 2011
- lawSugar Loaf Fire Protection District Land Exchange Act of 2011
- lawNational Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2012
- lawBelarus Democracy and Human Rights Act of 2011
- lawRisk-Based Security Screening for Members of the Armed Forces Act
- lawIntelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2012
- lawPipeline Safety, Regulatory Certainty, and Job Creation Act of 2011
- rulingHosanna-Tabor Evangelical Lutheran Church and School v. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
- lawAirport and Airway Extension Act of 2012
- lawSOAR Technical Corrections Act
- lawUltralight Aircraft Smuggling Prevention Act of 2012
- lawFAA Modernization and Reform Act of 2012
- lawMiddle Class Tax Relief and Job Creation Act of 2012
- lawFederal Restricted Buildings and Grounds Improvement Act of 2011
- lawSt. Croix River Crossing Project Authorization Act
- orderNational Defense Resources Preparedness
- rulingColeman v. Court of Appeals of Maryland
- lawSurface Transportation Extension Act of 2012
- lawHALE Scouts Act
- lawJumpstart Our Business Startups Act
- lawBrian A. Terry Memorial Act
- lawTemporary Bankruptcy Judgeships Extension Act of 2012
- lawExport-Import Bank Reauthorization Act of 2012
- lawNational Flood Insurance Program Extension Act
- lawBorder Tunnel Prevention Act of 2012
- lawSequoia and King Canyon National Parks Backcountry Access Act
- lawJohn F. Kennedy Center Reauthorization Act of 2012
- lawSalmon Lake Land Selection Resolution Act
- lawEast Bench Irrigation District Water Contract Extension Act
- rulingUnited States v. Xavier Alvarez
- rulingNational Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius
- lawTemporary Surface Transportation Extension Act of 2012
- lawMAP-21
- lawChurch Plan Investment Clarification Act
- lawFood and Drug Administration Safety and Innovation Act
- lawDistrict of Columbia Special Election Reform Act
- lawFormer Charleston Naval Base Land Exchange Act of 2012
- lawVeteran Skills to Jobs Act
- lawRaoul Wallenberg Centennial Celebration Act
- lawInsular Areas Act of 2011
- lawUnited States-Israel Enhanced Security Cooperation Act of 2012
- lawHEARTH Act of 2012
- lawPilot's Bill of Rights
- lawHonoring America's Veterans and Caring for Camp Lejeune Families Act of 2012
- lawSequestration Transparency Act of 2012
- lawIran Threat Reduction and Syria Human Rights Act of 2012
- lawLa Pine Land Conveyance Act
- lawWallowa Forest Service Compound Conveyance Act
- lawPresidential Appointment Efficiency and Streamlining Act of 2011
- lawHaqqani Network Terrorist Designation Act of 2012
- lawAmbassador James R. Lilley and Congressman Stephen J. Solarz North Korea Human Rights Reauthorization Act of 2012
- lawContinuing Appropriations Resolution, 2013
- lawPesticide Registration Improvement Extension Act of 2012
- lawMinnesota Chippewa Tribe Judgment Fund Distribution Act of 2012
- lawLowell National Historical Park Land Exchange Act of 2012
- lawBillfish Conservation Act of 2012
- lawSAFE DOSES Act
- lawDivisional Realignment Act of 2012
- lawReporting Efficiency Improvement Act
- lawVA Major Construction Authorization and Expiring Authorities Extension Act of 2012
- lawFDA User Fee Corrections Act of 2012
- lawGovernment Charge Card Abuse Prevention Act of 2012
- lawHazardous Waste Electronic Manifest Establishment Act
- lawMilitary Commercial Driver's License Act of 2012
- lawNew York City Natural Gas Supply Enhancement Act
- lawVeterans' Compensation Cost-of-Living Adjustment Act of 2012
- lawWhistleblower Protection Enhancement Act of 2012
- lawEuropean Union Emissions Trading Scheme Prohibition Act of 2011
- lawTaking Essential Steps for Testing Act of 2012
- lawChild Protection Act of 2012
- lawMagnitsky Act
- lawAmerican Energy Manufacturing Technical Corrections Act
- lawPatent Law Treaties Implementation Act of 2012
- lawBridgeport Indian Colony Land Trust, Health, and Economic Development Act of 2012
- lawCoast Guard and Maritime Transportation Act of 2012
- lawDART Act
- lawNo-Hassle Flying Act of 2012
- orderAdjustments of Certain Rates of Pay
- lawCountering Iran in the Western Hemisphere Act of 2012
- lawD.C. Courts and Public Defender Service Act of 2011
- lawHatch Act Modernization Act of 2012
- law21st Century Language Act of 2012
- lawBarona Band of Mission Indians Land Transfer Clarification Act of 2012
- lawGAO Mandates Revision Act of 2012
- lawPublic Interest Declassification Board Reauthorization Act of 2012
- lawTheft of Trade Secrets Clarification Act of 2012
- lawFISA Amendments Act Reauthorization Act of 2012
- lawNational Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2013
- lawAmerican Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012
- lawMedicare IVIG Access and Strengthening Medicare and Repaying Taxpayers Act of 2012
- lawLake Thunderbird Efficient Use Act of 2012
- lawPinnacles National Park Act
- lawImproper Payments Elimination and Recovery Improvement Act of 2012
- lawImproving Transparency of Education Opportunities for Veterans Act of 2012
- lawKatie Sepich Enhanced DNA Collection Act of 2012
- lawFormer Presidents Protection Act of 2012
- lawVideo Privacy Protection Act Amendments Act of 2012
- lawMt. Andrea Lawrence Designation Act of 2011
- lawDignified Burial and Other Veterans' Benefits Improvement Act of 2012
- lawNorth Korean Refugee Adoption Act of 2012
- lawInvestigative Assistance for Violent Crimes Act of 2012
- lawDrywall Safety Act of 2012
- lawForeign and Economic Espionage Penalty Enhancement Act of 2012
- lawEndangered Fish Recovery Programs Extension Act of 2012
- lawClothe a Homeless Hero Act
- lawWorld War I Centennial Commission Act
- lawSpace Exploration Sustainability Act
- lawProtect Our Kids Act of 2012
- lawIntercountry Adoption Universal Accreditation Act of 2012
- lawDepartment of State Rewards Program Update and Technical Corrections Act of 2012
- presidentBarack Hussein Obama takes office
- lawNo Budget, No Pay Act of 2013
- lawViolence Against Women Reauthorization Act of 2013 Sexual Assault Forensic Evidence Reporting Act of 2013
- lawPandemic and All-Hazards Preparedness Reauthorization Act of 2013
- lawConsolidated and Further Continuing Appropriations Act, 2013 Agriculture, Rural Development, Food and Drug Administration, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2013 Department of Commerce Appropriations Act, 2013 Department of Justice Appropriations Act, 2013 Science Appropriations Act, 2013 Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2013 Department of Defense Appropriations Act, 2013 Department of Homeland Security Appropriations Act, 2013 Military Construction and Veterans Affairs, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2013 Full-Year Continuing Appropriations Act, 2013
- orderAdjustments of Certain Rates of Pay
- lawDistrict of Columbia Chief Financial Officer Vacancy Act
- lawReducing Flight Delays Act of 2013
- order2013 Amendments to the Manual for Courts-Martial, United States
- orderAuthorizing the Implementation of Certain Sanctions Set Forth in the Iran Freedom and Counter- Proliferation Act of 2012 and Additional Sanctions With Respect To Iran
- lawStolen Valor Act of 2013
- lawFreedom to Fish Act
- lawAnimal Drug and Animal Generic Drug User Fee Reauthorization Act of 2013 Animal Drug User Fee Amendments of 2013 Animal Generic Drug User Fee Amendments of 2013
- rulingAlleyne v. United States
- rulingAgency for International Development v. Alliance for Open Society International, Inc.
- rulingShelby County v. Holder
- rulingUnited States v. Windsor
- lawSouth Utah Valley Electric Conveyance Act
- lawBonneville Unit Clean Hydropower Facilitation Act
- lawVietnam Veterans Donor Acknowledgment Act of 2013
- lawHydropower Regulatory Efficiency Act of 2013
- lawBureau of Reclamation Small Conduit Hydropower Development and Rural Jobs Act
- lawFOR VETS Act of 2013
- lawHelping Heroes Fly Act
- lawBipartisan Student Loan Certainty Act of 2013
- lawReverse Mortgage Stabilization Act of 2013
- lawPowell Shooting Range Land Conveyance Act
- lawDenali National Park Improvement Act
- lawNatchez Trace Parkway Land Conveyance Act of 2013
- lawMinuteman Missile National Historic Site Boundary Modification Act
- lawImproving Job Opportunities for Veterans Act of 2013
- lawMissing Children's Assistance Reauthorization Act of 2013
- lawPay Our Military Act
- lawHelium Stewardship Act of 2013
- lawOrganization of American States Revitalization and Reform Act of 2013
- lawCongressional Award Program Reauthorization Act of 2013
- lawDepartment of Defense Survivor Benefits Continuing Appropriations Resolution, 2014
- lawContinuing Appropriations Act, 2014
- lawUnited States Parole Commission Extension Act of 2013
- lawSchool Access to Emergency Epinephrine Act
- lawStreamlining Claims Processing for Federal Contractor Employees Act
- lawHIV Organ Policy Equity Act
- lawVeterans' Compensation Cost-of-Living Adjustment Act of 2013
- lawSmall Airplane Revitalization Act of 2013
- lawDrug Quality and Security Act Compounding Quality Act Drug Supply Chain Security Act
- lawPEPFAR Stewardship and Oversight Act of 2013
- lawFallen Firefighters Assistance Tax Clarification Act of 2013
- lawCommunity Fire Safety Act of 2013
- lawAlicia Dawn Koehl Respect for National Cemeteries Act
- orderAdjustments of Certain Rates of Pay
- lawNational Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2014 Military Construction Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2014 Military Land Withdrawals Act of 2013
- lawBipartisan Budget Act of 2013 Pathway for SGR Reform Act of 2013
- lawAlaska Native Tribal Health Consortium Land Transfer Act
- lawNative American Veterans' Memorial Amendments Act of 2013
- lawAccuracy for Adoptees Act
- lawConsolidated Appropriations Act, 2014
- lawPoison Center Network Act
- lawAgriculture Act of 2014
- lawOPM IG Act
- lawSupport for United States-Republic of Korea Civil Nuclear Cooperation Act
- lawSouth Utah Valley Electric Conveyance Act
- lawTemporary Debt Limit Extension Act
- lawNational Integrated Drought Information System Reauthorization Act of 2013
- lawSleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore Conservation and Recreation Act
- lawFond du Lac Band of Lake Superior Chippewa Non-Intercourse Act of 2013
- lawHomeowner Flood Insurance Affordability Act of 2013
- lawHome Heating Emergency Assistance Through Transportation Act of 2014
- lawPhilippines Charitable Giving Assistance Act
- lawProtecting Access to Medicare Act of 2014
- rulingMcCutcheon v. FEC
- lawGabriella Miller Kids First Research Act
- lawSupport for the Sovereignty, Integrity, Democracy, and Economic Stability of Ukraine Act of 2014
- lawUnited States International Programming to Ukraine and Neighboring Regions
- lawCooperative and Small Employer Charity Pension Flexibility Act
- lawChildren's Hospital GME Support Reauthorization Act of 2013
- lawGreen Mountain Lookout Heritage Protection Act
- lawDigital Accountability and Transparency Act of 2014
- lawKilah Davenport Child Protection Act of 2013
- lawMonuments Men Recognition Act of 2014
- lawNorth Texas Invasive Species Barrier Act of 2014
- lawGold Medal Technical Corrections Act of 2014
- lawSandia Pueblo Settlement Technical Amendment Act
- lawWater Resources Reform and Development Act of 2013
- order2014 Amendments to the Manual for Courts-Martial, United States
- lawCollinsville Renewable Energy Promotion Act
- lawWorld War II Memorial Prayer Act of 2013
- lawHarmful Algal Bloom and Hypoxia Research and Control Amendments Act of 2014
- lawReliable Home Heating Act
- lawIntelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2014
- lawWorkforce Innovation and Opportunity Act
- lawBlack Hills Cemetery Act
- lawDistinguished Flying Cross National Memorial Act
- lawHill Creek Cultural Preservation and Energy Development Act
- lawPascua Yaqui Tribe Trust Land Act
- lawThree Kids Mine Remediation and Reclamation Act
- lawIdaho Wilderness Water Resources Protection Act
- lawNorth Cascades National Park Service Complex Fish Stocking Act
- lawLake Hill Administrative Site Affordable Housing Act
- lawHuna Tlingit Traditional Gull Egg Use Act
- lawVeterinary Medicine Mobility Act of 2014
- lawUnlocking Consumer Choice and Wireless Competition Act
- lawEmergency Supplemental Appropriations Resolution, 2014
- lawVeterans' Access to Care through Choice, Accountability, and Transparency Act of 2014
- war+Iraq: insurgency and war against IS
- lawSean and David Goldman International Child Abduction Prevention and Return Act of 2014
- lawImproving Trauma Care Act of 2014
- lawMoney Remittances Improvement Act of 2014
- lawAutism CARES Act of 2014
- lawHighway and Transportation Funding Act of 2014
- lawEmergency Afghan Allies Extension Act of 2014
- lawNear East and South Central Asia Religious Freedom Act of 2014
- lawAssessing Progress in Haiti Act of 2014
- lawVictims of Child Abuse Act Reauthorization Act of 2013
- agency+United States Digital Service
- lawContinuing Appropriations Resolution, 2015
- lawMultinational Species Conservation Funds Semipostal Stamp Reauthorization Act of 2013
- lawPaul D. Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Community Assistance, Research and Education Amendments of 2013
- lawTribal General Welfare Exclusion Act of 2014
- lawPyramid Lake Paiute Tribe – Fish Springs Ranch Settlement Act
- lawAll Circuit Review Extension Act
- lawExamination and Supervisory Privilege Parity Act of 2014
- lawDepartment of Veterans Affairs Expiring Authorities Act of 2014
- lawGun Lake Trust Land Reaffirmation Act
- lawEmergency Medical Services for Children Reauthorization Act of 2014
- lawVeterans' Compensation Cost-of-Living Adjustment Act of 2014
- lawDebbie Smith Reauthorization Act of 2014
- lawPreventing Sex Trafficking and Strengthening Families Act
- lawIMPACT Act of 2014
- lawChild Care and Development Block Grant Act of 2014
- lawPresidential and Federal Records Act Amendments of 2014
- lawGovernment Reports Elimination Act of 2014
- lawAlbuquerque, New Mexico, Federal Land Conveyance Act of 2013
- lawClifford P. Hansen Federal Courthouse Conveyance Act
- lawSunscreen Innovation Act
- lawTraumatic Brain Injury Reauthorization Act of 2014
- lawEnhance Labeling, Accessing, and Branding of Electronic Licenses Act of 2014
- lawSTELA Reauthorization Act of 2014
- lawHonor Flight Act
- lawBill Williams River Water Rights Settlement Act of 2014
- lawBlackfoot River Land Exchange Act of 2014
- lawAdding Ebola to the FDA Priority Review Voucher Program Act
- lawConsolidated and Further Continuing Appropriations Act, 2015
- lawSudden Unexpected Death Data Enhancement and Awareness Act
- lawAviation Security Stakeholder Participation Act of 2014
- lawPermanent Electronic Duck Stamp Act of 2013
- lawNewborn Screening Saves Lives Reauthorization Act of 2014
- lawDeath in Custody Reporting Act of 2013
- lawCrooked River Collaborative Water Security and Jobs Act of 2014
- lawCybersecurity Workforce Assessment Act
- lawAmerican Savings Promotion Act
- lawCredit Union Share Insurance Fund Parity Act
- lawProtecting and Securing Chemical Facilities from Terrorist Attacks Act of 2014
- lawSmart Savings Act
- lawVeterans Traumatic Brain Injury Care Improvement Act of 2014
- lawDesigner Anabolic Steroid Control Act of 2014
- lawMay 31, 1918 Act Repeal Act
- lawEPS Service Parts Act of 2014
- lawFederal Duck Stamp Act of 2014
- lawEARLY Act Reauthorization of 2014
- lawPropane Education and Research Enhancement Act of 2014
- lawNo Social Security for Nazis Act
- lawUkraine Freedom Support Act of 2014
- lawChesapeake Bay Accountability and Recovery Act of 2014
- lawCybersecurity Enhancement Act of 2014
- lawBorder Patrol Agent Pay Reform Act of 2014
- lawVenezuela Defense of Human Rights and Civil Society Act of 2014
- lawInsurance Capital Standards Clarification Act of 2014
- lawUnited States Anti-Doping Agency Reauthorization Act
- lawHoward Coble Coast Guard and Maritime Transportation Act of 2014
- lawNational Cybersecurity Protection Act of 2014
- lawFederal Information Security Modernization Act of 2014
- lawDHS OIG Mandates Revision Act of 2014
- lawForeclosure Relief and Extension for Servicemembers Act of 2014
- orderAdjustments of Certain Rates of Pay
- lawCollectible Coin Protection Act
- lawSenator Paul Simon Water for the World Act of 2014
- lawGrand Portage Band Per Capita Adjustment Act
- lawCarl Levin and Howard P. "Buck" McKeon National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2015
- lawIntelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2015
- lawUnited States-Israel Strategic Partnership Act of 2014
- war−Yemen: Houthis and AQAP
- war+Somalia: al-Shabaab
- lawTerrorism Risk Insurance Program Reauthorization Act of 2015, with: * National Association of Registered Agents and Brokers Reform Act of 2015, * Business Risk Mitigation and Price Stabilization Act of 2015
- lawClay Hunt SAV Act
- lawProtecting Volunteer Firefighters and Emergency Responders Act
- war+Afghanistan: Islamic State
- lawDepartment of Homeland Security Appropriations Act, 2015
- agency−Office of the Federal Coordinator, Alaska Natural Gas Transportation Projects
- orderPlanning for Federal Sustainability in the Next Decade
- lawOffice of Compliance Administrative and Technical Corrections Act of 2015
- lawSlain Officer Family Support Act of 2015
- lawMedicare Access and CHIP Reauthorization Act of 2015
- lawEnergy Efficiency Improvement Act of 2015, with: * Better Buildings Act of 2015
- lawRafael Ramos and Wenjian Liu National Blue Alert Act of 2015
- lawDon't Tax Our Fallen Public Safety Heroes Act
- lawIran Nuclear Agreement Review Act of 2015
- lawWIOA Technical Amendments Act
- lawConstruction Authorization and Choice Improvement Act
- lawHighway and Transportation Funding Act of 2015
- lawJustice for Victims of Trafficking Act of 2015, with: * Combat Human Trafficking Act of 2015, * Survivors of Human Trafficking Empowerment Act, * Bring Missing Children Home Act, * Stop Advertising Victims of Emploitation Act of 2015 (SAVE Act of 2015), * Human Exploitation Rescue Operations Act of 2015 (HERO Act of 2015), * Rape Survivor Child Custody Act, * Military Sex Offender Reporting Act of 2015, * Trafficking Awareness Training for Health Care Act of 2015, * Ensuring a Better Response for Victims of Child Sex Trafficking, * Human Trafficking Survivors Relief and Empowerment Act of 2015
- lawUSA Freedom Act: Uniting and Strengthening America by Fulfilling Rights and Ensuring Effective Discipline Over Monitoring Act of 2015
- rulingZivotofsky v. Kerry
- lawGirls Count Act of 2015
- order2015 Amendments to the Manual for Courts-Martial, United States
- rulingHorne v. Department of Agriculture
- rulingKing v. Burwell
- rulingJohnson v. United States
- rulingObergefell v. Hodges
- lawDefending Public Safety Employees' Retirement Act, with: * Bipartisan Congressional Trade Priorities and Accountability Act of 2015
- lawTrade Preferences Extension Act of 2015, with: * AGOA Extension and Enhancement Act of 2015, * Trade Adjustment Assistance Reauthorization Act of 2015, * American Trade Enforcement Effectiveness Act
- lawDepartment of Homeland Security Interoperable Communications Act
- lawVeterans Identification Card Act 2015
- lawVeterans Entrepreneurship Act of 2015
- lawMedicare Independence at Home Medical Practice Demonstration Improvement Act of 2015
- lawSteve Gleason Act of 2015
- lawSurface Transportation and Veterans Health Care Choice Improvement Act of 2015, with: * VA Budget and Choice Improvement Act
- lawNotice of Observation Treatment and Implication for Care Eligibility Act
- lawDHS IT Duplication Reduction Act of 2015
- lawNeed-Based Educational Aid Act of 2015
- lawDrinking Water Protection Act
- lawSawtooth National Recreation Area and Jerry Peak Wilderness Additions Act, with: * Central Idaho Economic Development and Recreation Act
- lawLand Management Workforce Flexibility Act
- lawGerardo Hernandez Airport Security Act of 2015
- lawE-Warranty Act of 2015
- lawNational Windstorm Impact Reduction Act Reauthorization of 2015
- lawTSA Office of Inspection Accountability Act of 2015 Continuing Appropriations Act, 2016
- lawAgriculture Reauthorizations Act of 2015
- lawAirport and Airway Extension Act of 2015
- lawNew Mexico Navajo Water Settlement Technical Corrections Act
- lawDepartment of Veterans Affairs Expiring Authorities Act of 2015
- lawSTEM Education Act of 2015
- lawProtecting Affordable Coverage for Employees Act
- lawGold Star Fathers Act of 2015
- lawEnsuring Access to Clinical Trials Act of 2015
- lawFederal Vehicle Repair Cost Savings Act of 2015
- lawBorder Jobs for Veterans Act of 2015
- lawAlbuquerque Indian School Land Transfer Act
- lawAdoptive Family Relief Act
- lawUnited States Commission on International Religious Freedom Reauthorization Act of 2015
- lawQuarterly Financial Report Reauthorization Act
- lawSurface Transportation Extension Act of 2015, with: * Positive Train Control Enforcement and Implementation Act of 2015
- lawBipartisan Budget Act of 2015, with: * Federal Civil Penalties Inflation Adjustment Act Improvements Act of 2015, * Social Security Benefit Protection and Opportunity Enhancement Act of 2015, * Spectrum Pipeline Act of 2015
- lawWounded Warriors Federal Leave Act of 2015
- lawDHS Social Media Improvement Act of 2015
- lawIllegal, Unreported, and Unregulated Fishing Enforcement Act of 2015, with: * Antigua Convention Implementing Act of 2015, * Port State Measures Agreement Act of 2015
- lawLibrarian of Congress Succession Modernization Act of 2015