How did the United States change between Sep 2, 1945 and Oct 15, 2026?

Pick two dates. See the laws, the executive orders, the courts, Congress, federal agencies, the Constitution and the budget, as a diff.

⇄
Trump II so farBiden termTrump I termObama termSince 9/11Since ReaganPostwar → now
$ civicdiff 1945-09-02..2026-10-15 # 81 years json
Laws enacted
+2,871
major laws · full counts from 1973
Executive orders
+1,549
signed · since 1994 only
Final rules
+119,835
9,497 significant
Supreme Court
9 of 9
seats changed hands
Agencies
+367 −102
departments & tracked agencies
Public debt
+$40.1T
$259B → $40.3T

The presidency passed from Harry S. Truman to Donald J. Trump across 14 transitions. 100 senators and 433 representatives took seats that they did not hold before. 9 new justices joined the Supreme Court. Inflation-adjusted federal spending changed +861% (FY1946 → FY2025). 6 constitutional amendments were ratified.

Executive

executive/presidentThe presidency
+1−1National Archives ↗
Harry S. Truman D
33rd president
13 presidents in between
Dwight David Eisenhower R
took office Jan 20, 1953
John Fitzgerald Kennedy D
took office Jan 20, 1961
Lyndon Baines Johnson D
took office Nov 22, 1963
Richard Milhous Nixon R
took office Jan 20, 1969
Gerald Rudolph Ford Jr. R
took office Aug 9, 1974
James Earl Carter D
took office Jan 20, 1977
Ronald Wilson Reagan R
took office Jan 20, 1981
George Herbert Walker Bush R
took office Jan 20, 1989
William Jefferson Clinton D
took office Jan 20, 1993
George Walker Bush R
took office Jan 20, 2001
Barack Hussein Obama D
took office Jan 20, 2009
Donald J. Trump R
took office Jan 20, 2017
Joseph Robinette Biden Jr. D
took office Jan 20, 2021
Donald J. Trump R
47th president · took office Jan 20, 2025
executive/vice-presidentThe vice presidency
+1−1Senate Historical Office ↗
vacant
J.D. Vance R
took office Jan 20, 2025
executive/cabinetCabinet & senior officials
+30−14Wikidata ↗
Secretary of State · 23 people took this office in between
James F. Byrnes R
Marco Rubio R
Secretary of the Treasury · 26 people took this office in between
Fred M. Vinson D
Scott Bessent
Secretary of War · 2 people took this office in between
Henry L. Stimson R
vacant or abolished
Secretary of Defense · 29 people took this office in between
office did not exist
Pete Hegseth R
Attorney General · 28 people took this office in between
Thomas Campbell Clark D
Todd Blanche R
Postmaster General · 7 people took this office in between
David P. Steiner
Show 20 more cabinet offices
Secretary of the Navy · 41 people took this office in between
James Forrestal D
vacant or abolished
Secretary of the Interior · 16 people took this office in between
Harold L. Ickes PP
Doug Burgum R
Secretary of Agriculture · 15 people took this office in between
Clinton Anderson D
Brooke Rollins
Secretary of Commerce · 23 people took this office in between
Henry A. Wallace PP
Howard Lutnick R
Secretary of Labor · 20 people took this office in between
Keith Sonderling
Secretary of Health and Human Services · 14 people took this office in between
office did not exist
Robert F. Kennedy Jr. I
Secretary of Housing and Urban Development · 19 people took this office in between
office did not exist
Scott Turner R
Secretary of Transportation · 19 people took this office in between
office did not exist
Sean Duffy R
Secretary of Energy · 19 people took this office in between
office did not exist
Chris Wright
Secretary of Education · 14 people took this office in between
office did not exist
Linda McMahon R
Secretary of Veterans Affairs · 12 people took this office in between
office did not exist
Doug Collins R
Secretary of Homeland Security · 9 people took this office in between
office did not exist
Markwayne Mullin R
White House Chief of Staff · 36 people took this office in between
office did not exist
Susie Wiles R
Director of the Office of Management and Budget · 39 people took this office in between
Harold D. Smith D
Russell Vought R
Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency · 16 people took this office in between
office did not exist
Lee Zeldin R
Ambassador to the United Nations · 42 people took this office in between
office did not exist
Mike Waltz R
Director of National Intelligence · 11 people took this office in between
office did not exist
Jay Clayton I
Director of the Central Intelligence Agency · 10 people took this office in between
office did not exist
John Ratcliffe R
Administrator of the Small Business Administration · 11 people took this office in between
office did not exist
Kelly Loeffler R
U.S. Trade Representative · 7 people took this office in between
office did not exist
Jamieson Greer
Other senior officials (7 changed)
Postmaster General · 7 people took this office in between
David P. Steiner
Secretary of the Navy · 41 people took this office in between
James Forrestal D
vacant or abolished
Chair of the Federal Reserve · 10 people took this office in between
Marriner Stoddard Eccles D
Kevin Warsh R
Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff · 23 people took this office in between
William D. Leahy
Dan Caine
Director of the FBI · 8 people took this office in between
J. Edgar Hoover I
Kash Patel
National Security Advisor · 29 people took this office in between
office did not exist
Marco Rubio R (acting)
Solicitor General · 15 people took this office in between
J. Howard McGrath D
D. John Sauer
executive/ordersExecutive orders
+1,549Federal Register API ↗
1,549 executive orders signed · William J. Clinton 308 · George W. Bush 291 · Barack Obama 278 · Donald Trump 510 · Joseph R. Biden Jr. 162
EO 12902 Energy Efficiency and Water Conservation at Federal Facilities
Mar 8, 1994 · William J. Clinton · revoked by EO 13123
EO 12919 National Defense Industrial Resources Preparedness
Jun 3, 1994 · William J. Clinton
EO 12936 Amendments to the Manual for Courts-Martial, United States, 1984
Nov 10, 1994 · William J. Clinton
EO 12940 Amendment to Civil Service Rule VI
Nov 28, 1994 · William J. Clinton
EO 12944 Adjustments of Certain Rates of Pay and Allowances
Dec 28, 1994 · William J. Clinton · revoked by EO 12984
EO 12958 Classified National Security Information
Apr 17, 1995 · William J. Clinton · revoked by EO 13526
EO 12960 Amendments to the Manual for Courts-Martial, United States, 1984
May 12, 1995 · William J. Clinton
EO 12968 Access to Classified Information
Aug 2, 1995 · William J. Clinton
Show 6 more
EO 12984 Adjustments of Certain Rates of Pay and Allowances
Dec 28, 1995 · William J. Clinton
EO 13029 Implementing, for the United States, the Provisions of An- nex 1 of the Decision Concerning Legal Capacity and Privileges and Immunities, Issued by the Council of Ministers of the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe on December 1, 1993
Dec 3, 1996 · William J. Clinton
EO 13033 Executive Order 13033 of December 27, 1996
Dec 27, 1996 · William J. Clinton
EO 13071 Adjustments of Certain Rates of Pay
Dec 29, 1997 · William J. Clinton
EO 13086 1998 Amendments to the Manual for Courts-Martial, United States
May 27, 1998 · William J. Clinton
EO 13101 Greening the Government Through Waste Prevention, Recycling, and Federal Acquisition
Sep 14, 1998 · William J. Clinton
Only orders signed after Dec 30, 1993 are counted; Federal Register coverage starts there.
executive/nominationsSenate confirmations
+16,930Congress.gov ↗
23,049 civilian nominations received · 16,930 confirmed · 816 withdrawn · 4,883 returned to the President
Caspar Willard Weinberger, of California, to be Secretary of Defense.
confirmed Jan 20, 1981 · 97–2
William Emerson Brock III, of Tennessee, to be United States Trade Representative, with the rank of Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, vice Reubin O'D Askew.
confirmed Jan 21, 1981 · 99–0
Richard S. Schweiker, of Pennsylvania, to be Secretary of Health and Human Services.
confirmed Jan 21, 1981 · 99–0
Donald T. Regan, of New Jersey, to be Secretary of the Treasury.
confirmed Jan 21, 1981 · 98–0
Alexander Meigs Haig, Jr., of Connecticut, to be Secretary of State.
confirmed Jan 21, 1981 · 93–6
T. H. Bell, of Utah, to be Secretary of Education.
confirmed Jan 22, 1981 · 90–2
Andrew L. Lewis, Jr., of Pennsylvania, to be Secretary of Transportation.
confirmed Jan 22, 1981 · 98–0
James B. Edwards, of South Carolina, to be Secretary of Energy.
confirmed Jan 22, 1981 · 93–3
Samuel R. Pierce, Jr., of New York, to be Secretary of Housing and Urban Development.
confirmed Jan 22, 1981 · 98–0
Malcolm Baldrige, of Connecticut, to be Secretary of Commerce.
confirmed Jan 22, 1981 · 97–1
John R. Block, of Illinois, to be Secretary of Agriculture.
confirmed Jan 22, 1981 · 98–0
William French Smith, of California, to be Attorney General.
confirmed Jan 22, 1981 · 96–1
Show 314 more top confirmations
James Gaius Watt, of Colorado, to be Secretary of the Interior.
confirmed Jan 22, 1981 · 83–12
David A. Stockman, of Michigan, to be Director of the Office of Management and Budget.
confirmed Jan 27, 1981 · 93–0
Jeane J. Kirkpatrick, of Maryland, to be the Representative of the United States of America to the United Nations with the rank and status of Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, and the Representative of the United Statesof America in the Security Council of the United Nations.
confirmed Jan 29, 1981 · 81–0
Raymond J. Donovan, of New Jersey, to be Secretary of Labor.
confirmed Feb 3, 1981 · 80–17
Michael Cardenas, of California, to be Administrator of the Small Business Administration, vice Arthur Vernon Weaver, Jr., resigned.
confirmed Mar 26, 1981
Ann McGill Gorsuch, of Colorado, to be Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, vice Douglas M. Costle, resigned.
confirmed May 5, 1981
Sandra Day O'Connor, of Arizona, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, vice Potter Stewart, retired.
confirmed Sep 21, 1981 · 99–0
James C. Sanders, of California, to be Administrator of the Small Business Administration, vice Michael Cardenas, resigned.
confirmed Mar 29, 1982
George P. Shultz, of California, to be Secretary of State.
confirmed Jul 15, 1982 · 97–0
Donald P. Hodel, of Oregon, to be Secretary of Energy, to which position he was appointed during the current recess of the Senate.
confirmed Dec 8, 1982 · 86–8
Elizabeth Hanford Dole, of Kansas, to be Secretary of Transportation.
confirmed Feb 1, 1983 · 97–0
Margaret M. Heckler, of Massachusetts, to be Secretary of Health and Human Services.
confirmed Mar 3, 1983 · 82–3
William D. Ruckelshaus, of Washington, to be Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, vice Anne McGill Burford, resigned.
confirmed May 17, 1983 · 97–0
Paul A. Volcker, of New Jersey, to be Chairman of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System for a term of four years. (Reappointment)
confirmed Jul 27, 1983 · 84–16
William P. Clark, of California, to be Secretary of the Interior.
confirmed Nov 18, 1983 · 71–18
James A. Baker III, of Texas, to be Secretary of the Treasury.
confirmed Jan 29, 1985 · 95–0
John S. Herrington, of California, to be Secretary of Energy.
confirmed Feb 6, 1985 · 93–1
William J. Bennett, of North Carolina, to be Secretary of Education.
confirmed Feb 6, 1985 · 93–0
Donald P. Hodel, of Virginia, to be Secretary of the Interior.
confirmed Feb 6, 1985 · 93–1
Lee M. Thomas, of Virginia, to be Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, vice William D. Ruckelshaus, resigned.
confirmed Feb 7, 1985
Edwin Meese III, of California, to be Attorney General.
confirmed Feb 23, 1985 · 63–31
William Emerson Brock III, of Tennessee, to be Secretary of Labor.
confirmed Apr 26, 1985
Vernon A. Walters, of Florida, to be the Representative of the United States of America to the United Nations with the rank and status of Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, and the Representative of the UnitedStates of America in the Security Council of the United Nations.
confirmed May 16, 1985
Clayton Yeutter, of Nebraska, to be United States Trade Representative, with the rank of Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, vice William Emerson Brock III.
confirmed Jun 27, 1985
James C. Miller III, of the District of Columbia, to be Director of the Office of Management and Budget, vice David A. Stockman, resigned.
confirmed Oct 4, 1985 · 90–2
Otis R. Bowen, of Indiana, to be Secretary of Health and Human Services.
confirmed Dec 12, 1985 · 93–2
Richard E. Lyng, of Virginia, to be Secretary of Agriculture.
confirmed Mar 6, 1986 · 95–2
William H. Rehnquist, of Virginia, to be Chief Justice of the United States.
confirmed Sep 17, 1986 · 65–33
Antonin Scalia, of Virginia, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, vice William H. Rehnquist.
confirmed Sep 17, 1986 · 98–0
James Abdnor, of South Dakota, to be Administrator of the Small Business Administration, vice James C. Sanders, resigned.
confirmed Mar 20, 1987
Alan Greenspan, of New York, to be a Member of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System for the unexpired term of fourteen years from February 1, 1978, vice Paul A. Volcker, resigned. Alan Greenspan, of New York, to be Chairman of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System for a term of four years, vice Paul A. Volcker, resigned.
confirmed Aug 3, 1987 · 91–2
C. William Verity, Jr., of Ohio, to be Secretary of Commerce.
confirmed Oct 13, 1987 · 84–11
Frank C. Carlucci, of Virginia, to be Secretary of Defense.
confirmed Nov 20, 1987 · 91–1
James H. Burnley IV, of North Carolina, to be Secretary of Transportation.
confirmed Nov 30, 1987 · 74–0
Ann Dore McLaughlin, of the District of Columbia, to be Secretary of Labor.
confirmed Dec 11, 1987 · 94–0
Anthony M. Kennedy, of California, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, vice Lewis F. Powell, Jr., retired.
confirmed Feb 3, 1988 · 97–0
Richard L. Thornburgh, of Pennsylvania, to be Attorney General.
confirmed Aug 11, 1988 · 85–0
Nicholas F. Brady, of New Jersey, to be Secretary of the Treasury.
confirmed Sep 14, 1988 · 92–2
Lauro F. Cavazos, of Texas, to be Secretary of Education.
confirmed Sep 20, 1988 · 94–0
Richard G. Darman, of Virginia, to be Director of the Office of Management and Budget.
confirmed Jan 25, 1989 · 99–0
Elizabeth Hanford Dole, of Kansas, to be Secretary of Labor.
confirmed Jan 25, 1989 · 99–0
James Addison Baker, III, of Texas, to be Secretary of State.
confirmed Jan 25, 1989 · 99–0
Carla Anderson Hills, of California, to be United States Trade Representative, with the rank of Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary.
confirmed Jan 31, 1989 · 100–0
Samuel Knox Skinner, of Illinois, to be Secretary of Transportation.
confirmed Jan 31, 1989 · 100–0
Robert Adam Mosbacher, of Texas, to be Secretary of Commerce.
confirmed Jan 31, 1989 · 100–0
William Kane Reilly, of Virginia, to be Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency.
confirmed Feb 2, 1989 · 100–0
Jack Kemp, of New York, to be Secretary of Housing and Urban Development.
confirmed Feb 2, 1989 · 100–0
Manuel Lujan, Jr., of New Mexico, to be Secretary of the Interior.
confirmed Feb 2, 1989 · 100–0
Clayton Yeutter, of Nebraska, to be Secretary of Agriculture.
confirmed Feb 8, 1989 · 100–0
Louis W. Sullivan, of Georgia, to be Secretary of Health and Human Services.
confirmed Mar 1, 1989 · 98–1
Edward J. Derwinski, of Illinois, to be Secretary of Veterans Affairs.
confirmed Mar 2, 1989 · 94–0
Thomas R. Pickering, of New Jersey, to be the Representative of the United States of America to the United Nations with the rank and status of Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, and the Representative of the United States of America in the Security Council of the United Nations.
confirmed Mar 7, 1989 · 99–0
Richard B. Cheney, of Wyoming, to be Secretary of Defense.
confirmed Mar 17, 1989 · 92–0
Susan S. Engeleiter, of Wisconsin, to be Administrator of the Small Business Administration, vice James Abdnor, resigned.
confirmed Apr 19, 1989
David H. Souter, of New Hampshire, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, vice William Joseph Brennan, Jr., retired.
confirmed Oct 2, 1990 · 90–9
Lynn Martin, of Illinois, to be Secretary of Labor.
confirmed Feb 7, 1991 · 94–0
Edward R. Madigan, of Illinois, to be Secretary of Agriculture, vice Clayton Yeutter, resigned.
confirmed Mar 7, 1991 · 99–0
Andrew Lamar Alexander, Jr., of Tennessee, to be Secretary of Education.
confirmed Mar 14, 1991
Patricia F. Saiki, of Hawaii, to be Administrator of the Small Business Administration, vice Susan S. Engeleiter, resigned.
confirmed Mar 21, 1991
Clarence Thomas, of Georgia, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, vice Thurgood Marshall, retired.
confirmed Oct 15, 1991 · 52–48
William Pelham Barr, of Virginia, to be Attorney General.
confirmed Nov 20, 1991
Andrew H. Card, Jr., of Massachusetts, to be Secretary of Transportation.
confirmed Feb 21, 1992
Alan Greenspan, of New York, to be Chairman of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System for a term of four years, to which position he was appointed during the last recess of the Senate.
confirmed Feb 27, 1992
Barbara Hackman Franklin, of Pennsylvania, to be Secretary of Commerce.
confirmed Feb 27, 1992
Edward Joseph Perkins, of Oregon, a Career Member of the Senior Foreign Service, Class of Career Minister, to be the Representative of the United States of America to the United Nations with rank and status of Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, and the Representative of the United States of America in the Security Council of the United Nations.
confirmed Apr 2, 1992
Warren Christopher, of California, to be Secretary of State.
confirmed Jan 20, 1993
Lloyd Bentsen, of Texas, to be Secretary of the Treasury.
confirmed Jan 20, 1993
Les Aspin, of Wisconsin, to be Secretary of Defense.
confirmed Jan 20, 1993
Carol M. Browner, of Florida, to be Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency.
confirmed Jan 21, 1993
Leon E. Panetta, of California, to be Director of the Office of Management and Budget.
confirmed Jan 21, 1993
Michael Kantor, of California, to be United States Trade Representative, with the rank of Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary.
confirmed Jan 21, 1993
Richard W. Riley, of South Carolina, to be Secretary of Education.
confirmed Jan 21, 1993
Donna E. Shalala, of Wisconsin, to be Secretary of Health and Human Services.
confirmed Jan 21, 1993
Jesse Brown, of the District of Columbia, to be Secretary of Veterans Affairs.
confirmed Jan 21, 1993
Robert B. Reich, of Massachusetts, to be Secretary of Labor.
confirmed Jan 21, 1993
Henry G. Cisneros, of Texas, to be Secretary of Housing and Urban Development.
confirmed Jan 21, 1993
Hazel Rollins O'Leary, of Minnesota, to be Secretary of Energy.
confirmed Jan 21, 1993
Federico Pena, of Colorado, to be Secretary of Transportation.
confirmed Jan 21, 1993
Mike Espy, of Mississippi, to be Secretary of Agriculture.
confirmed Jan 21, 1993
Bruce Babbitt, of Arizona, to be Secretary of the Interior.
confirmed Jan 21, 1993
Ronald H. Brown, of the District of Columbia, to be Secretary of Commerce.
confirmed Jan 21, 1993
Madeleine Korbel Albright, of the District of Columbia, to be the Representative of the United States of America to the United Nations with rank and status of Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, and the Representative of the United States of America in the Security Council of the United Nations.
confirmed Jan 26, 1993
Janet Reno, of Florida, to be Attorney General.
confirmed Mar 11, 1993 · 98–0
Erskine B. Bowles, of North Carolina, to be Administrator of the Small Business Administration, vice Patricia F. Saiki, resigned.
confirmed May 7, 1993
William J. Perry, of California, to be Secretary of Defense, vice Les Aspin, resigned.
confirmed Feb 3, 1994 · 97–0
David Elias Birenbaum, of the District of Columbia, to be Representative of the United States of America to the United Nations for U.N. Management and Reform, with the rank of Ambassador.
confirmed Jun 24, 1994
Stephen G. Breyer, of Massachusetts, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, vice Harry A. Blackmun.
confirmed Jul 29, 1994 · 87–9
Alice M. Rivlin, of the District of Columbia, to be Director of the Office of Management and Budget, vice Leon E. Panetta.
confirmed Oct 7, 1994
Philip Lader, of South Carolina, to be Administrator of the Small Business Administration, vice Erskine B. Bowles.
confirmed Oct 8, 1994
Robert E. Rubin, of New York, to be Secretary of the Treasury, vice Lloyd Bentsen, resigned.
confirmed Jan 10, 1995 · 99–0
Daniel Robert Glickman, of Kansas, to be Secretary of Agriculture, vice Mike Espy, resigned.
confirmed Mar 30, 1995 · 94–0
Alan Greenspan, of New York, to be Chairman of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System for a term of four years. (Reappointment)
confirmed Jun 20, 1996 · 91–7
Franklin D. Raines, of the District of Columbia, to be Director of the Office of Management and Budget, vice Alice M. Rivlin.
confirmed Sep 6, 1996
Madeleine Korbel Albright, of the District of Columbia, to be Secretary of State, vice Warren Christopher, resigned.
confirmed Jan 22, 1997 · 99–0
William M. Daley, of Illinois, to be Secretary of Commerce, vice Michael Kantor.
confirmed Jan 30, 1997 · 95–2
Rodney E. Slater, of Arkansas, to be Secretary of Transportation, vice Federico Pena.
confirmed Feb 6, 1997 · 98–0
Bill Richardson, of New Mexico, to be the Representative of the United States of America to the United Nations with the rank and status of Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, and the Representative of the United States of America in the Security Council of the United Nations, vice Madeleine Korbel Albright.
confirmed Feb 11, 1997 · 100–0
Aida Alvarez, of New York, to be Administrator of the Small Business Administration, vice Philip Lader.
confirmed Feb 13, 1997
Charlene Barshefsky, of the District of Columbia, to be United States Trade Representative, with the rank of Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, vice Michael Kantor.
confirmed Mar 5, 1997 · 99–1
Federico Pena, of Colorado, to be Secretary of Energy, vice Hazel Rollins O'Leary, retired.
confirmed Mar 12, 1997 · 99–1
Alexis M. Herman, of Alabama, to be Secretary of Labor, vice Robert B. Reich.
confirmed Apr 30, 1997 · 85–13
Richard Sklar, of California, to be Representative of the United States of America to the United Nations for UN Management and Reform, with the Rank of Ambassador.
confirmed Jul 31, 1997
Togo Dennis West, Jr., of the District of Columbia, to be Secretary of Veterans Affairs, vice Jesse Brown, resigned.
confirmed Apr 28, 1998
Jacob Joseph Lew, of New York, to be Director of the Office of Management and Budget, vice Franklin D. Raines, resigned.
confirmed Jul 31, 1998
Bill Richardson, of New Mexico, to be Secretary of Energy, vice Federico Pena, resigned.
confirmed Jul 31, 1998
Lawrence H. Summers, of Maryland, to be Secretary of the Treasury, vice Robert E. Rubin.
confirmed Jul 1, 1999 · 97–2
Richard Holbrooke, of New York, to be the Representative of the United States of America to the United Nations with the rank and status of Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, and the Representative of the United States of America in the Security Council of the United Nations, vice Bill Richardson, resigned.
confirmed Aug 5, 1999 · 81–16
Donald Stuart Hays, of Virginia, a Career Member of the Senior Foreign Service, Class of Minister-Counselor, to be Representative of the United States of America to the United Nations for U.N. Management and Reform, with the rank of Ambassador.
confirmed Nov 10, 1999
Alan Greenspan, of New York, to be Chairman of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System for a term of four years. (Reappointment)
confirmed Feb 3, 2000 · 89–4
Norman Y. Mineta, of California, to be Secretary of Commerce, vice William M. Daley.
confirmed Jul 20, 2000
Roderick R. Paige, of Texas, to be Secretary of Education.
confirmed Jan 20, 2001
Colin Luther Powell, of Virginia, to be Secretary of State.
confirmed Jan 20, 2001
Paul Henry O'Neill, of Pennsylvania, to be Secretary of the Treasury.
confirmed Jan 20, 2001
Donald Henry Rumsfeld, of Illinois, to be Secretary of Defense.
confirmed Jan 20, 2001
Donald Louis Evans, of Texas, to be Secretary of Commerce.
confirmed Jan 20, 2001
Spencer Abraham, of Michigan, to be Secretary of Energy.
confirmed Jan 20, 2001
Ann Margaret Veneman, of California, to be Secretary of Agriculture.
confirmed Jan 20, 2001
Mitchell E. Daniels, Jr., of Indiana, to be Director of the Office of Management and Budget.
confirmed Jan 23, 2001 · 100–0
Anthony Joseph Principi, of California, to be Secretary of Veterans Affairs.
confirmed Jan 23, 2001 · 100–0
Melquiades Rafael Martinez, of Florida, to be Secretary of Housing and Urban Development.
confirmed Jan 23, 2001 · 100–0
Tommy G. Thompson, of Wisconsin, to be Secretary of Health and Human Services.
confirmed Jan 24, 2001 · 100–0
Elaine Lan Chao, of Kentucky, to be Secretary of Labor.
confirmed Jan 29, 2001
Gale Ann Norton, of Colorado, to be Secretary of the Interior.
confirmed Jan 30, 2001 · 75–24
Christine Todd Whitman, of New Jersey, to be Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency.
confirmed Jan 30, 2001 · 99–0
John Ashcroft, of Missouri, to be Attorney General.
confirmed Feb 1, 2001 · 58–42
Robert B. Zoellick, of Virginia, to be United States Trade Representative, with the rank of Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary.
confirmed Feb 6, 2001 · 98–0
Hector V. Barreto, Jr., of California, to be Administrator of the Small Business Administration, vice Aida Alvarez, resigned.
confirmed Jul 25, 2001
John D. Negroponte, of the District of Columbia, to be the Representative of the United States of America to the United Nations, with the rank and status of Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, and the Representative of the United States of America in the Security Council of the United Nations, vice Richard Holbrooke.
confirmed Sep 14, 2001
Patrick Francis Kennedy, of Illinois, a Career Member of the Senior Foreign Service, Class of Career Minister, to be Representative of the United States of America to the United Nations for the U.N. Management and Reform, with the rank of Ambassador, vice Donald Stuart Hays.
confirmed Sep 14, 2001
Thomas J. Ridge, of Pennsylvania, to be Secretary of Homeland Security. (New Position)
confirmed Jan 22, 2003 · 94–0
John W. Snow, of Virginia, to be Secretary of the Treasury, vice Paul Henry O'Neill, resigned.
confirmed Jan 30, 2003
Joshua B. Bolten, of the District of Columbia, to be Director of the Office of Management and Budget, vice Mitchell E. Daniels, Jr., resigned.
confirmed Jun 26, 2003
Michael O. Leavitt, of Utah, to be Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, vice Christine Todd Whitman, resigned.
confirmed Oct 28, 2003 · 88–8
Alphonso R. Jackson, of Texas, to be Secretary of Housing and Urban Development, vice Melquiades Rafael Martinez, resigned.
confirmed Mar 31, 2004
Alan Greenspan, of New York, to be Chairman of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System for a term of four years. (Reappointment)
confirmed Jun 17, 2004
John C. Danforth, of Missouri, to be the Representative of the United States of America to the United Nations, with the rank and status of Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, and the Representative of the United States of America in the Security Council of the United Nations.
confirmed Jun 24, 2004
Margaret Spellings, of Texas, to be Secretary of Education, vice Roderick R. Paige, resigned.
confirmed Jan 20, 2005
Mike Johanns, of Nebraska, to be Secretary of Agriculture, vice Ann Margaret Veneman, resigned.
confirmed Jan 20, 2005
Carlos M. Gutierrez, of Michigan, to be Secretary of Commerce, vice Donald Louis Evans, resigned.
confirmed Jan 24, 2005
Jim Nicholson, of Colorado, to be Secretary of Veterans Affairs, vice Anthony Joseph Principi, resigned.
confirmed Jan 26, 2005
Michael O. Leavitt, of Utah, to be Secretary of Health and Human Services, vice Tommy G. Thompson, resigned.
confirmed Jan 26, 2005
Condoleezza Rice, of California, to be Secretary of State, vice Colin Luther Powell, resigned.
confirmed Jan 26, 2005 · 85–13
Samuel W. Bodman, of Massachusetts, to be Secretary of Energy, vice Spencer Abraham, resigned.
confirmed Jan 31, 2005
Alberto R. Gonzales, of Texas, to be Attorney General, vice John Ashcroft, resigned.
confirmed Feb 3, 2005 · 60–36
Michael Chertoff, of New Jersey, to be Secretary of Homeland Security, vice Thomas J. Ridge, resigned.
confirmed Feb 15, 2005 · 98–0
John D. Negroponte, of New York, to be Director of National Intelligence. (New Position)
confirmed Apr 21, 2005 · 98–2
Stephen L. Johnson, of Maryland, to be Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, vice Michael O. Leavitt.
confirmed Apr 28, 2005
Robert J. Portman, of Ohio, to be United States Trade Representative, with the rank of Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, vice Robert B. Zoellick, resigned.
confirmed Apr 28, 2005
John G. Roberts, Jr., of Maryland, to be Chief Justice of the United States, vice William H. Rehnquist, deceased.
confirmed Sep 29, 2005 · 78–22
Ben S. Bernanke, of New Jersey, to be Chairman of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System for a term of four years, vice Alan Greenspan.
confirmed Jan 31, 2006
Samuel A. Alito, Jr., of New Jersey, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, vice Sandra Day O'Connor, retiring.
confirmed Jan 31, 2006 · 58–42
Mark D. Wallace, of Florida, to be Representative of the United States of America to the United Nations for U.N. Management and Reform, with the rank of Ambassador, vice Patrick Francis Kennedy.
confirmed Mar 16, 2006
Dirk Kempthorne, of Idaho, to be Secretary of the Interior, vice Gale Ann Norton, resigned.
confirmed May 26, 2006
Robert J. Portman, of Ohio, to be Director of the Office of Management and Budget, vice Joshua B. Bolten.
confirmed May 26, 2006
General Michael V. Hayden, United States Air Force, to be Director of the Central Intelligence Agency, vice Porter J. Goss, resigned.
confirmed May 26, 2006 · 78–15
Susan C. Schwab, of Maryland, to be United States Trade Representative, with the rank of Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, vice Robert J. Portman.
confirmed Jun 8, 2006
Henry M. Paulson, Jr., of New York, to be Secretary of the Treasury, vice John W. Snow, resigned.
confirmed Jun 28, 2006
Steven C. Preston, of Illinois, to be Administrator of the Small Business Administration, vice Hector V. Barreto, Jr., resigned.
confirmed Jun 29, 2006
Mary E. Peters, of Arizona, to be Secretary of Transportation, vice Norman Y. Mineta, resigned.
confirmed Sep 29, 2006
Robert M. Gates, of Texas, to be Secretary of Defense, vice Donald Henry Rumsfeld, resigned.
confirmed Dec 6, 2006 · 95–2
J. Michael McConnell, of Virginia, to be Director of National Intelligence, vice John D. Negroponte.
confirmed Feb 7, 2007
Zalmay Khalilzad, of Maryland, to be the Representative of the United States of America to the United Nations, with the rank and status of Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, and the Representative of the United States of America in the Security Council of the United Nations.
confirmed Mar 29, 2007
Jim Nussle, of Iowa, to be Director of the Office of Management and Budget, vice Robert J. Portman.
confirmed Sep 4, 2007 · 69–24
Michael B. Mukasey, of New York, to be Attorney General, vice Alberto R. Gonzales, resigned.
confirmed Nov 8, 2007 · 53–40
James B. Peake, of the District of Columbia, to be Secretary of Veterans Affairs, vice Jim Nicholson, resigned.
confirmed Dec 14, 2007
Ed Schafer, of North Dakota, to be Secretary of Agriculture, vice Mike Johanns, resigned.
confirmed Jan 28, 2008
Steven C. Preston, of Illinois, to be Secretary of Housing and Urban Development, vice Alphonso R. Jackson, resigned.
confirmed Jun 4, 2008
Janet Ann Napolitano, of Arizona, to be Secretary of Homeland Security.
confirmed Jan 20, 2009
Peter R. Orszag, of Massachusetts, to be Director of the Office of Management and Budget.
confirmed Jan 20, 2009
Kenneth Lee Salazar, of Colorado, to be Secretary of the Interior.
confirmed Jan 20, 2009
Thomas J. Vilsack, of Iowa, to be Secretary of Agriculture.
confirmed Jan 20, 2009
Eric K. Shinseki, of Hawaii, to be Secretary of Veterans Affairs.
confirmed Jan 20, 2009
Arne Duncan, of Illinois, to be Secretary of Education.
confirmed Jan 20, 2009
Steven Chu, of California, to be Secretary of Energy.
confirmed Jan 20, 2009
Hillary Rodham Clinton, of New York, to be Secretary of State.
confirmed Jan 21, 2009 · 94–2
Lisa Perez Jackson, of New Jersey, to be Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency.
confirmed Jan 22, 2009
Susan E. Rice, of the District of Columbia, to be the Representative of the United States of America to the United Nations, with the rank and status of Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, and the Representative of the United States of America in the Security Council of the United Nations.
confirmed Jan 22, 2009
Ray LaHood, of Illinois, to be Secretary of Transportation.
confirmed Jan 22, 2009
Shaun L. S. Donovan, of New York, to be Secretary of Housing and Urban Development.
confirmed Jan 22, 2009
Timothy F. Geithner, of New York, to be Secretary of the Treasury.
confirmed Jan 26, 2009 · 60–34
Dennis Cutler Blair, of Pennsylvania, to be Director of National Intelligence, vice J. Michael McConnell, resigned.
confirmed Jan 28, 2009
Eric H. Holder, Jr., of the District of Columbia, to be Attorney General.
confirmed Feb 2, 2009 · 75–21
Leon E. Panetta, of California, to be Director of the Central Intelligence Agency, vice General Michael V. Hayden, United States Air Force.
confirmed Feb 12, 2009
Hilda L. Solis, of California, to be Secretary of Labor.
confirmed Feb 24, 2009 · 80–17
Ronald Kirk, of Texas, to be United States Trade Representative, with the rank of Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary.
confirmed Mar 18, 2009 · 92–5
Gary Locke, of Washington, to be Secretary of Commerce.
confirmed Mar 24, 2009
Karen Gordon Mills, of Maine, to be Administrator of the Small Business Administration, vice Steven C. Preston, resigned.
confirmed Apr 3, 2009
Kathleen Sebelius, of Kansas, to be Secretary of Health and Human Services.
confirmed Apr 28, 2009 · 65–31
Sonia Sotomayor, of New York, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, vice David H. Souter, retiring.
confirmed Aug 6, 2009 · 68–31
Ben S. Bernanke, of New Jersey, to be Chairman of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System for a term of four years. (Reappointment)
confirmed Jan 28, 2010 · 70–30
Elena Kagan, of Massachusetts, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, vice John Paul Stevens, retiring.
confirmed Aug 5, 2010 · 63–37
James R. Clapper, of Virginia, to be Director of National Intelligence, vice Dennis Cutler Blair, resigned.
confirmed Aug 5, 2010
Jacob J. Lew, of New York, to be Director of the Office of Management and Budget, vice Peter R. Orszag, resigned.
confirmed Nov 18, 2010
Joseph M. Torsella, of Pennsylvania, to be Representative of the United States of America to the United Nations for U.N. Management and Reform, with the rank of Ambassador.
confirmed Apr 14, 2011
Leon E. Panetta, of California, to be Secretary of Defense, vice Robert M. Gates.
confirmed Jun 21, 2011 · 100–0
David H. Petraeus, of New Hampshire, to be Director of the Central Intelligence Agency, vice Leon E. Panetta.
confirmed Jun 30, 2011 · 94–0
John Edgar Bryson, of California, to be Secretary of Commerce, vice Gary Locke.
confirmed Oct 20, 2011 · 74–26
John Forbes Kerry, of Massachusetts, to be Secretary of State, vice Hillary Rodham Clinton.
confirmed Jan 29, 2013 · 94–3
Charles Timothy Hagel, of Nebraska, to be Secretary of Defense, vice Leon E. Panetta.
confirmed Feb 26, 2013 · 58–41
Jacob J. Lew, of New York, to be Secretary of the Treasury, vice Timothy F. Geithner.
confirmed Feb 27, 2013 · 71–26
John Owen Brennan, of Virginia, to be Director of the Central Intelligence Agency, vice David H. Petraeus, resigned.
confirmed Mar 7, 2013 · 63–34
Sarah Jewell, of Washington, to be Secretary of the Interior, vice Kenneth Lee Salazar.
confirmed Apr 10, 2013 · 87–11
Sylvia Mathews Burwell, of West Virginia, to be Director of the Office of Management and Budget, vice Jacob J. Lew, resigned.
confirmed Apr 24, 2013 · 96–0
Ernest J. Moniz, of Massachusetts, to be Secretary of Energy, vice Steven Chu.
confirmed May 16, 2013 · 97–0
Michael Froman, of New York, to be United States Trade Representative, with the rank of Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, vice Ronald Kirk, resigned.
confirmed Jun 19, 2013 · 93–4
Penny Pritzker, of Illinois, to be Secretary of Commerce, vice John Edgar Bryson, resigned.
confirmed Jun 25, 2013 · 97–1
Anthony Renard Foxx, of North Carolina, to be Secretary of Transportation, vice Ray LaHood.
confirmed Jun 27, 2013 · 100–0
Regina McCarthy, of Massachusetts, to be Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, vice Lisa Perez Jackson, resigned.
confirmed Jul 18, 2013 · 59–40
Thomas Edward Perez, of Maryland, to be Secretary of Labor, vice Hilda L. Solis, resigned.
confirmed Jul 18, 2013 · 54–46
Samantha Power, of Massachusetts, to be the Representative of the United States of America to the United Nations, with the rank and status of Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, and the Representative of the United States of America in the Security Council of the United Nations.
confirmed Aug 1, 2013 · 87–10
Jeh Charles Johnson, of New Jersey, to be Secretary of Homeland Security, vice Janet Ann Napolitano, resigned.
confirmed Dec 16, 2013 · 78–16
Janet L. Yellen, of California, to be Chairman of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System for a term of four years, vice Ben S. Bernanke, resigned.
confirmed Jan 6, 2014 · 56–26
Maria Contreras-Sweet, of California, to be Administrator of the Small Business Administration, vice Karen Gordon Mills, resigned.
confirmed Mar 27, 2014
Sylvia Mathews Burwell, of West Virginia, to be Secretary of Health and Human Services, vice Kathleen Sebelius.
confirmed Jun 5, 2014 · 78–17
Julian Castro, of Texas, to be Secretary of Housing and Urban Development, vice Shaun L. S. Donovan.
confirmed Jul 9, 2014 · 71–26
Shaun L. S. Donovan, of New York, to be Director of the Office of Management and Budget, vice Sylvia Mathews Burwell.
confirmed Jul 10, 2014 · 75–22
Robert Alan McDonald, of Ohio, to be Secretary of Veterans Affairs, vice Eric K. Shinseki, resigned.
confirmed Jul 29, 2014 · 97–0
Isobel Coleman, of New York, to be Representative of the United States of America to the United Nations for U. N. Management and Reform, with the rank of Ambassador.
confirmed Dec 16, 2014
Ashton B. Carter, of Massachusetts, to be Secretary of Defense, vice Charles Timothy Hagel.
confirmed Feb 12, 2015 · 93–5
Loretta E. Lynch, of New York, to be Attorney General, vice Eric H. Holder, Jr.
confirmed Apr 23, 2015 · 56–43
John B. King, of New York, to be Secretary of Education, vice Arne Duncan.
confirmed Mar 14, 2016 · 49–40
John F. Kelly, of Virginia, to be Secretary of Homeland Security.
confirmed Jan 20, 2017 · 88–11
James Mattis, of Washington, to be Secretary of Defense.
confirmed Jan 20, 2017 · 98–1
Mike Pompeo, of Kansas, to be Director of the Central Intelligence Agency, vice John Owen Brennan.
confirmed Jan 23, 2017 · 66–32
Nikki R. Haley, of South Carolina, to be the Representative of the United States of America to the United Nations, with the rank and status of Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, and the Representative of the United States of America in the Security Council of the United Nations.
confirmed Jan 24, 2017 · 96–4
Elaine L. Chao, of Kentucky, to be Secretary of Transportation.
confirmed Jan 31, 2017 · 93–6
Rex W. Tillerson, of Texas, to be Secretary of State.
confirmed Feb 1, 2017 · 55–43
Jeff Sessions, of Alabama, to be Attorney General.
confirmed Feb 8, 2017 · 52–47
Thomas Price, of Georgia, to be Secretary of Health and Human Services.
confirmed Feb 10, 2017 · 52–47
David J. Shulkin, of Pennsylvania, to be Secretary of Veterans Affairs.
confirmed Feb 13, 2017 · 100–0
Steven T. Mnuchin, of California, to be Secretary of the Treasury.
confirmed Feb 13, 2017 · 53–47
Linda E. McMahon, of Connecticut, to be Administrator of the Small Business Administration, vice Maria Contreras-Sweet, resigned.
confirmed Feb 14, 2017 · 81–19
Mick Mulvaney, of South Carolina, to be Director of the Office of Management and Budget, vice Shaun L. S. Donovan, resigned.
confirmed Feb 16, 2017 · 51–49
Scott Pruitt, of Oklahoma, to be Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency.
confirmed Feb 17, 2017 · 52–46
Wilbur L. Ross, Jr., of Florida, to be Secretary of Commerce.
confirmed Feb 27, 2017 · 72–27
Ryan Zinke, of Montana, to be Secretary of the Interior.
confirmed Mar 1, 2017 · 68–31
Benjamin S. Carson, Sr., of Florida, to be Secretary of Housing and Urban Development.
confirmed Mar 2, 2017 · 58–41
James Richard Perry, of Texas, to be Secretary of Energy.
confirmed Mar 2, 2017 · 62–37
Daniel Coats, of Indiana, to be Director of National Intelligence, vice James R. Clapper, Jr.
confirmed Mar 15, 2017 · 85–12
Neil M. Gorsuch, of Colorado, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, vice Antonin Scalia, deceased.
confirmed Apr 7, 2017 · 54–45
Sonny Perdue, of Georgia, to be Secretary of Agriculture.
confirmed Apr 24, 2017 · 87–11
R. Alexander Acosta, of Florida, to be Secretary of Labor.
confirmed Apr 27, 2017 · 60–38
Robert Lighthizer, of Florida, to be United States Trade Representative, with the rank of Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary.
confirmed May 11, 2017 · 82–14
Kirstjen Nielsen, of Virginia, to be Secretary of Homeland Security, vice John F. Kelly, resigned.
confirmed Dec 5, 2017 · 62–37
Jerome H. Powell, of Maryland, to be Chairman of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System for a term of four years, vice Janet L. Yellen, term expiring.
confirmed Jan 23, 2018 · 84–13
Alex Michael Azar II, of Indiana, to be Secretary of Health and Human Services, vice Thomas Price, resigned.
confirmed Jan 24, 2018 · 55–43
Mike Pompeo, of Kansas, to be Secretary of State, vice Rex W. Tillerson.
confirmed Apr 26, 2018 · 57–42
Gina Haspel, of Kentucky, to be Director of the Central Intelligence Agency, vice Mike Pompeo.
confirmed May 17, 2018 · 54–45
Robert L. Wilkie, of North Carolina, to be Secretary of Veterans Affairs, vice David J. Shulkin.
confirmed Jul 23, 2018 · 86–9
Cherith Norman Chalet, of New Jersey, to be Representative of the United States of America to the United Nations for U.N. Management and Reform, with the rank of Ambassador.
confirmed Sep 12, 2018
Brett M. Kavanaugh, of Maryland, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, vice Anthony M. Kennedy, retiring.
confirmed Oct 6, 2018 · 50–48
William Pelham Barr, of Virginia, to be Attorney General, vice Jeff Sessions, resigned.
confirmed Feb 14, 2019 · 54–45
Andrew Wheeler, of Virginia, to be Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, vice Scott Pruitt.
confirmed Feb 28, 2019 · 52–47
David Bernhardt, of Virginia, to be Secretary of the Interior, vice Ryan Zinke.
confirmed Apr 11, 2019 · 56–41
Mark T. Esper, of Virginia, to be Secretary of Defense, vice James Mattis, resigned.
confirmed Jul 23, 2019 · 90–8
Kelly Craft, of Kentucky, to be the Representative of the United States of America to the United Nations, with the rank and status of Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, and the Representative of the United States of America in the Security Council of the United Nations.
confirmed Jul 31, 2019 · 56–34
Eugene Scalia, of Virginia, to be Secretary of Labor, vice R. Alexander Acosta, resigned.
confirmed Sep 26, 2019 · 53–44
Dan R. Brouillette, of Texas, to be Secretary of Energy, vice James Richard Perry, resigning.
confirmed Dec 2, 2019 · 70–15
Jovita Carranza, of Illinois, to be Administrator of the Small Business Administration, vice Linda E. McMahon.
confirmed Jan 7, 2020 · 88–5
John L. Ratcliffe, of Texas, to be Director of National Intelligence, vice Daniel Coats, resigned.
confirmed May 21, 2020 · 49–44
Russell Vought, of Virginia, to be Director of the Office of Management and Budget, vice Mick Mulvaney.
confirmed Jul 20, 2020 · 51–45
Amy Coney Barrett, of Indiana, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, vice Ruth Bader Ginsburg, deceased.
confirmed Oct 26, 2020 · 52–48
Avril Danica Haines, of New York, to be Director of National Intelligence.
confirmed Jan 20, 2021 · 84–10
Lloyd James Austin, of Georgia, to be Secretary of Defense.
confirmed Jan 22, 2021 · 93–2
Janet Louise Yellen, of California, to be Secretary of the Treasury.
confirmed Jan 25, 2021 · 84–15
Antony John Blinken, of New York, to be Secretary of State.
confirmed Jan 26, 2021 · 78–22
Peter Paul Montgomery Buttigieg, of Indiana, to be Secretary of Transportation.
confirmed Feb 2, 2021 · 86–13
Alejandro Nicholas Mayorkas, of the District of Columbia, to be Secretary of Homeland Security.
confirmed Feb 2, 2021 · 56–43
Denis Richard McDonough, of Maryland, to be Secretary of Veterans Affairs.
confirmed Feb 8, 2021 · 87–7
Thomas J. Vilsack, of Iowa, to be Secretary of Agriculture.
confirmed Feb 23, 2021 · 92–7
Linda Thomas-Greenfield, of Louisiana, to be the Representative of the United States of America to the United Nations, with the rank and status of the Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, and the Representative of the United States of America in the Security Council of the United Nations.
confirmed Feb 23, 2021 · 78–20
Jennifer Mulhern Granholm, of Michigan, to be Secretary of Energy.
confirmed Feb 25, 2021 · 64–35
Miguel A. Cardona, of Connecticut, to be Secretary of Education.
confirmed Mar 1, 2021 · 64–33
Gina Marie Raimondo, of Rhode Island, to be Secretary of Commerce.
confirmed Mar 2, 2021 · 84–15
Merrick Brian Garland, of Maryland, to be Attorney General.
confirmed Mar 10, 2021 · 70–30
Michael Stanley Regan, of North Carolina, to be Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, vice Andrew Wheeler.
confirmed Mar 10, 2021 · 66–34
Marcia Louise Fudge, of Ohio, to be Secretary of Housing and Urban Development.
confirmed Mar 10, 2021 · 66–34
Debra Anne Haaland, of New Mexico, to be Secretary of the Interior.
confirmed Mar 15, 2021 · 51–40
Isabella Casillas Guzman, of California, to be Administrator of the Small Business Administration.
confirmed Mar 16, 2021 · 81–17
Katherine C. Tai, of the District of Columbia, to be United States Trade Representative, with the rank of Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary.
confirmed Mar 17, 2021 · 98–0
Xavier Becerra, of California, to be Secretary of Health and Human Services.
confirmed Mar 18, 2021 · 50–49
William Joseph Burns, of Maryland, to be Director of the Central Intelligence Agency, vice Gina Haspel.
confirmed Mar 18, 2021
Martin Joseph Walsh, of Massachusetts, to be Secretary of Labor.
confirmed Mar 22, 2021 · 68–29
Christopher P. Lu, of Virginia, to be Representative of the United States of America to the United Nations for U.N. Management and Reform, with the rank of Ambassador.
confirmed Dec 18, 2021
Shalanda D. Young, of Louisiana, to be Director of the Office of Management and Budget, vice Russell Vought.
confirmed Mar 15, 2022 · 61–36
Ketanji Brown Jackson, of the District of Columbia, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, vice Stephen G. Breyer, retiring.
confirmed Apr 7, 2022 · 53–47
Jerome H. Powell, of Maryland, to be Chairman of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System for a term of four years. (Reappointment)
confirmed May 12, 2022 · 80–19
Marco Rubio, of Florida, to be Secretary of State.
confirmed Jan 20, 2025 · 99–0
John Ratcliffe, of Texas, to be Director of the Central Intelligence Agency.
confirmed Jan 23, 2025 · 74–25
Peter Hegseth, of Tennessee, to be Secretary of Defense.
confirmed Jan 24, 2025 · 51–50
Kristi Noem, of South Dakota, to be Secretary of Homeland Security.
confirmed Jan 25, 2025 · 59–34
Scott Bessent, of South Carolina, to be Secretary of the Treasury.
confirmed Jan 27, 2025 · 68–29
Sean Duffy, of Wisconsin, to be Secretary of Transportation.
confirmed Jan 28, 2025 · 77–22
Lee Zeldin, of New York, to be Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency.
confirmed Jan 29, 2025 · 56–42
Douglas Burgum, of North Dakota, to be Secretary of the Interior.
confirmed Jan 30, 2025 · 80–17
Christopher Wright, of Colorado, to be Secretary of Energy.
confirmed Feb 3, 2025 · 59–38
Pamela Bondi, of Florida, to be Attorney General.
confirmed Feb 4, 2025 · 54–46
Douglas Collins, of Georgia, to be Secretary of Veterans Affairs.
confirmed Feb 4, 2025 · 77–23
Eric Turner, of Texas, to be Secretary of Housing and Urban Development.
confirmed Feb 5, 2025 · 55–44
Tulsi Gabbard, of Hawaii, to be Director of National Intelligence.
confirmed Feb 12, 2025 · 52–48
Brooke Rollins, of Texas, to be Secretary of Agriculture.
confirmed Feb 13, 2025 · 72–28
Robert F. Kennedy, Jr., of California, to be Secretary of Health and Human Services.
confirmed Feb 13, 2025 · 52–48
Howard Lutnick, of New York, to be Secretary of Commerce.
confirmed Feb 18, 2025 · 51–45
Kelly Loeffler, of Georgia, to be Administrator of the Small Business Administration.
confirmed Feb 19, 2025 · 52–46
Jamieson Greer, of Maryland, to be United States Trade Representative, with the rank of Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary.
confirmed Feb 26, 2025 · 56–43
Linda McMahon, of Connecticut, to be Secretary of Education.
confirmed Mar 3, 2025 · 51–45
Lori Chavez-DeRemer, of Oregon, to be Secretary of Labor.
confirmed Mar 10, 2025 · 67–32
Jeffrey Bartos, of Pennsylvania, to be Representative of the United States of America to the United Nations for U.N. Management and Reform, with the Rank of Ambassador, and to serve concurrently and without additional compensation as an Alternate Representative of the United States of America to the Sessions of the General Assembly of the United Nations.
confirmed Sep 18, 2025 · 51–47
Michael G. Waltz, of Florida, to be the Representative of the United States of America to the United Nations, with the Rank of Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, and the Representative of the United States of America in the Security Council of the United Nations.
confirmed Sep 19, 2025 · 47–43
Markwayne Mullin, of Oklahoma, to be Secretary of Homeland Security, vice Kristi Noem.
confirmed Mar 23, 2026 · 54–45
Kevin Warsh, of Florida, to be Chairman of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System for a term of four years, vice Jerome H. Powell, term expiring.
confirmed May 13, 2026 · 54–45
Walter Clayton, of New York, to be Director of National Intelligence, vice Tulsi Gabbard.
confirmed Jul 28, 2026 · 51–47
Todd Blanche, of Florida, to be Attorney General, vice Pamela Bondi.
confirmed Aug 8, 2026 · 50–49
Keith Sonderling, of Florida, to be Secretary of Labor, vice Lori Chavez-DeRemer, resigned.
confirmed Sep 30, 2026 · 47–41
Civilian nominations only (military promotions excluded). Top confirmations are cabinet-level posts, Supreme Court justices, and the Fed chair. Records start with the 97th Congress (1981).
executive/agenciesFederal agencies
+367−102Wikidata ↗
148 → 425 tracked organizations · 10 → 16 executive departments
National Military Establishment department
established Sep 18, 1947 · United States federal department which later became the Department of Defense
United States Department of Defense department
established Aug 10, 1949 · executive department of the United States federal government
United States Department of Health, Education, and Welfare department
established Apr 11, 1953 · defunct United States federal executive department
United States Department of Housing and Urban Development department
established Sep 9, 1965 · cabinet department in the Executive branch of the United States federal government
United States Department of Transportation department
established Oct 15, 1966 · U.S. federal executive department overseeing highways, railroads, aviation, transit, and other modes of transportation
United States Department of Energy department
established Aug 4, 1977 · cabinet-level department of the United States government
United States Department of Education department
established Oct 17, 1979 · U.S. federal government department concerning education
United States Department of Health and Human Services department
established May 4, 1980 · United States federal executive department
United States Department of Veterans Affairs department
established Mar 15, 1989 · department of the United States government
United States Department of Homeland Security department
established Nov 25, 2002 · United States federal executive department
Show 459 more
Council of Economic Advisers
established Jan 1, 1946 · U.S. presidential advisory committee on economic policy
Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service
established Jun 23, 1947 · independent agency of the United States government
Central Intelligence Agency
established Sep 18, 1947 · national foreign intelligence agency of the United States
General Services Administration
established Jul 1, 1949 · US government agency, formed 1949
National Science Foundation
established May 10, 1950 · United States government agency
Federal Renegotiation Board
established May 22, 1951 · former independent agency of the United States executive branch
Small Business Administration
established Jul 30, 1953 · United States government agency that supports entrepreneurs and small businesses
United States Information Agency
established Aug 1, 1953 · former United States government agency
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
established Jul 29, 1958 · American space and aeronautics agency
National Capital Transportation Agency
established Jul 14, 1960 · agency created in 1960 by President Dwight D. Eisenhower to comprehensively plan different modes of transportation in the Washington, D.C. area
Federal Maritime Commission
established Jan 1, 1961 · regulatory agency of the United States federal government
United States Agency for International Development
established Jan 1, 1961 · US government civilian foreign aid agency
Space Nuclear Propulsion Office
established Jan 1, 1961 · agency researching nuclear rockets
Arms Control and Disarmament Agency
established Sep 26, 1961 · independent agency
Administrative Conference of the United States
established Jan 1, 1964 · independent agency of the United States government dedicated to improving federal agency administrative processes and procedures
Appalachian Regional Commission
established Jan 1, 1965 · United States independent federal agency that works for sustainable community and economic development in Appalachia
Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
established Jan 1, 1965 · American government agency
National Endowment for the Arts
established Jan 1, 1965 · independent agency of the United States federal government
National Endowment for the Humanities
established Sep 29, 1965 · independent federal agency of the United States government
Advisory Council on Historic Preservation
established Jan 1, 1966 · United States federal agency that encourages the preservation of historic properties across the nation
National Transportation Safety Board
established Apr 1, 1967 · United States government investigative agency for civil transportation accidents
Postal Regulatory Commission
established Jan 1, 1970 · US regulatory agency
National Commission on Libraries and Information Science
established Jan 1, 1970 · U.S. government agency
National Credit Union Administration
established Mar 10, 1970 · independent federal agency of United States
United States Environmental Protection Agency
established Dec 2, 1970 · U.S. federal government agency
Overseas Private Investment Corporation
established Jan 1, 1971 · government agency of the United States of America
United States Postal Service
established Jul 1, 1971 · independent agency of the U.S. federal government responsible for providing postal service
Inter-American Foundation
established Jan 1, 1972 · independent agency of the United States government that funds community-led development in Latin America and the Caribbean.
Marine Mammal Commission
established Jan 1, 1972 · government organization in Bethesda, United States
United States Consumer Product Safety Commission
established Jan 1, 1972 · United States government agency
United States Access Board
established Jan 1, 1973 · United States government agency devoted to accessibility for people with disabilities
Energy Research and Development Administration
established Oct 11, 1974 · predecessor to the United States Department of Energy
Federal Election Commission
established Oct 15, 1974 · United States independent regulatory agency that regulates federal elections
Office of Navajo and Hopi Indian Relocation
established Dec 22, 1974 · US government independent agency
Nuclear Regulatory Commission
established Jan 19, 1975 · government agency of the United States
United States Commodity Futures Trading Commission
established Apr 15, 1975 · government agency
Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe
established Jan 1, 1976 · independent agency of the United States government
Federal Mine Safety and Health Review Commission
established Jan 1, 1977 · independent Federal government agency in the USA
Federal Energy Regulatory Commission
established Oct 1, 1977 · independent agency of the United States federal government
Federal Labor Relations Authority
established Jan 1, 1978 · U.S. government agency
United States Merit Systems Protection Board
established Jan 1, 1979 · United States agency
United States Office of Special Counsel
established Jan 1, 1979 · Independent investigative and prosecutorial body of the United States federal government.
United States African Development Foundation
established Jan 1, 1980 · independent agency of the United States that provides grants to community groups and small enterprises that benefit under-served and marginalized groups in Africa
United States Arctic Research Commission
established Jan 1, 1984 · United States independent federal agency that develops and recommends a national Arctic research policy
United States Sentencing Commission
established Jan 1, 1984 · independent agency of the U.S. federal judiciary which determines sentencing guidelines
Barry M. Goldwater Scholarship
established Jan 1, 1986 · American merit-based scholarship awarded to prospective scientists
Federal Retirement Thrift Investment Board
established Jan 1, 1986 · Independent agency of the US government
James Madison Memorial Fellowship Foundation
established Jan 1, 1986 · foundation established by United States Congress in 1986
United States Interagency Council on Homelessness
established Jan 1, 1987 · U.S. independent federal agency
Christopher Columbus Fellowship Foundation
established Jan 1, 1992 · nonprofit organization in Arlington, United States
Morris K. Udall and Stewart L. Udall Foundation
established Jan 1, 1992 · Memorial U.S. indepedent executive branch
United States Trade and Development Agency
established Jan 1, 1992 · government agency
AmeriCorps
established Jan 1, 1993 · independent agency of the United States federal government
AmeriCorps Seniors
established Jan 1, 1993 · United States federal network of volunteer programs for Americans 55 years and older
Surface Transportation Board
established Jan 1, 1996 · independent agency of the United States federal government
Institute of Museum and Library Services
established Oct 1, 1996 · independent agency of the United States government, supporting libraries and museums
Denali Commission
established Jan 1, 1998 · independent agency of the United States government
U.S. Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board
established Jan 1, 1998 · independent U.S. federal agency charged with investigating industrial chemical accidents
U.S. Agency for Global Media
established Oct 1, 1999 · independent agency of the United States government that broadcasts news and information about the United States and the world to audiences abroad
Dwight D. Eisenhower Memorial Commission
established Oct 25, 1999
Delta Regional Authority
established Jan 1, 2000 · agency of the United States federal government
United States–China Economic and Security Review Commission
established Oct 1, 2000 · independent agency of the United States government
Election Assistance Commission
established Jan 1, 2002 · independent agency of the United States government
Millennium Challenge Corporation
established Jan 1, 2004 · government agency
Office of the Federal Coordinator, Alaska Natural Gas Transportation Projects
established Oct 13, 2004
Federal Housing Finance Agency
established Jan 1, 2008 · U.S. federal agency
Consumer Financial Protection Bureau
established Jul 21, 2011 · agency of the United States government responsible for consumer protection in the financial sector
National Commission on Military, National, and Public Service
established Sep 19, 2017
United States International Development Finance Corporation
established Dec 20, 2019 · an executive agency of the US federal government responsible for providing foreign aid
United States National Security Council
established Jan 1, 1947 · U.S. federal executive national security and intelligence forum
Economic Stabilization Agency
established Jan 1, 1950 · American government agency
Office of the United States Trade Representative
established Jan 1, 1962 · United States government agency
Council on Environmental Quality
established Jan 1, 1969 · U.S. presidential advisory committee on environmental policy
Office of Management and Budget
established Jan 1, 1970 · agency that prepares and evaluates the President of the United States' annual budget to Congress
Office of Science and Technology Policy
established Jan 1, 1976 · department of the United States government, part of the Executive Office of the President
Office of Administration
established Dec 12, 1977 · U.S. federal organization within the Executive Office of the President
Office of National Drug Control Policy
established Oct 27, 1989 · United States government agency
United States Homeland Security Council
established Jan 1, 2001 · U.S. federal executive public safety, immigration and disaster relief forum
Homeland Security Advisory Council
established Mar 19, 2002 · part of the Executive Office of the President of the United States
United States Digital Service
established Aug 11, 2014 · former digital services department of the Executive Office of the President of the United States
Office of the National Cyber Director
established Jan 1, 2021 · US government agency on cybersecurity
Federal Occupational Health
established Jan 1, 1946 · department of the government of the United States
National Maritime Center
established Jan 1, 1946 · organization in Martinsburg, United States
Farmers Home Administration
established Jan 1, 1946 · U.S. federal agency with mission and programs involved in extending credit for agriculture and rural development
United States Atomic Energy Commission
established Aug 1, 1946 · former agency of the United States federal government
Ames National Laboratory
established Jan 1, 1947 · United States Department of Energy (DOE) national laboratory in Ames, Iowa
Foreign Service Institute
established Jan 1, 1947 · United States government diplomatic training program
Office of the Secretary of Defense
established Jan 1, 1947 · office in the U.S. Department of Defense with civilian executive staff
United States Department of the Army
established Jan 1, 1947 · military department within the Department of Defense
Defense Nuclear Agency
established Jan 1, 1947 · agency of the US Department of Defense
Policy Planning Staff
established May 5, 1947 · agency of the United States Department of State
Housing and Home Finance Agency
established Jul 24, 1947 · was responsible for the principal housing programs of the United States from 1947–1965
Public Housing Administration
established Jul 27, 1947 · former United States federal government agency
United States Air Force
established Sep 18, 1947 · air service branch of the United States Armed Forces
United States Department of the Air Force
established Sep 18, 1947 · military department for the United States Air Force and the United States Space Force
Bureau of International Labor Affairs
established Oct 10, 1947 · U.S. Labor Department's division for international affairs
U.S. Air Force Office of Special Investigations
established Jan 1, 1948 · US federal law enforcement agency that reports directly to the Secretary of the Air Force
Economic Cooperation Administration
established Jan 1, 1948 · former United States government agency
Sandia National Laboratories
established Jan 1, 1949 · United States national laboratory in Albuquerque, New Mexico
Armed Forces Security Agency
established Dec 25, 1949 · security agency of the United States from 1949 to 1952
Office of Foreign Assets Control
established Jan 1, 1950 · agency of the United States Department of the Treasury
United States Federal Maritime Board
established Jan 1, 1950 · United States government agency
United States Maritime Administration
established Jan 1, 1950 · agency within the U.S. Department of Transportation
Defense Manpower Administration
established Sep 9, 1950 · American government agency
Federal Safety Council
established Dec 19, 1950 · American federal advisory group, 1950–1971
Emergency Management Institute
established Jan 1, 1951 · educational training provider with the Federal Emergency Management Agency
Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory
established Jan 1, 1951 · national laboratory for plasma physics and nuclear fusion science at Princeton, New Jersey
Savannah River National Laboratory
established Jan 1, 1951 · US Department of Energy lab
National Security Agency
established Nov 4, 1952 · signals intelligence organization of the United States
Office of the Assistant Secretary for Health
established Jan 1, 1953 · component of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
Agency start and end dates come from Wikidata, which covers smaller bureaus unevenly.
executive/regulationsFederal regulations
+119,835Federal Register API ↗
119,835 final rules published in the Federal Register
from Jan 1, 1994
9,497 of them flagged "significant" under EO 12866
major economic or policy impact
76,891 proposed rules · 767,703 notices
Loading which agencies published the most rules…
Final rules carry the force of law. Rescissions count as rules too, so this measures regulatory activity, not net growth.

Military

military/conflictsArmed conflicts
+34−27UCDP/PRIO Armed Conflict Dataset ↗
U.S. in 0 armed conflicts → 7
Iraq: insurgency and war against IS
began Aug 8, 2014 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against IS
Somalia: al-Shabaab
began 2015 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against Al-Shabaab
Iran–Israel conflict
began 2020 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against Israel
Red Sea: the Houthis (Yemen)
began Feb 3, 2024 · U.S. a principal party · against Ansarallah (the Houthis)
Syria: Islamic State
began 2025 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against IS
Nigeria: Islamic State
began 2025 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against IS
Somalia: Islamic State
began Feb 1, 2025 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against IS
27 conflicts began and ended in between
Korean War
Jun 27, 1950 – Jul 27, 1953 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against South Korea
Puerto Rican Nationalist uprising
Oct 30, 1950 – Nov 1, 1950 · U.S. a principal party · against Puerto Rican Nationalist Party
Taiwan Strait crisis
Dec 31, 1954 – Dec 31, 1954 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against Taiwan
Taiwan Strait crisis
Dec 31, 1958 – Dec 31, 1958 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against Taiwan
Bay of Pigs invasion
Apr 17, 1961 – Apr 20, 1961 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against Cuban Revolutionary Council
Vietnam: South Vietnam vs. the Viet Cong
1962 – Dec 31, 1964 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against FNL
Laotian Civil War
Dec 31, 1963 – Sep 14, 1973 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against Pathet Lao
Vietnam War
Dec 31, 1965 – Mar 29, 1973 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against North Vietnam
Cambodian Civil War
1970 – 1973 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against KR
Lebanese Civil War (Multinational Force)
1983 – 1984 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against Amal, NSF
Invasion of Grenada
Oct 25, 1983 – Oct 27, 1983 · U.S. a principal party · against Grenada
Invasion of Panama
Dec 23, 1989 – Dec 23, 1989 · U.S. a principal party · against Panama
Gulf War
Jan 17, 1991 – Mar 1, 1991 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against Kuwait
Kosovo War
Mar 24, 1999 – Nov 21, 1999 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against UCK
War against al-Qaida
Sep 11, 2001 – Dec 4, 2017 · U.S. a principal party · against al-Qaida
Invasion of Afghanistan
Oct 7, 2001 – Nov 13, 2001 · U.S. a principal party · against Afghanistan
War in Afghanistan (Taliban insurgency)
2003 – Aug 30, 2021 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against the Taliban
Invasion of Iraq
Mar 23, 2003 – Apr 28, 2003 · U.S. a principal party · against Iraq
Iraq: insurgency and war against IS
Jan 18, 2004 – Dec 18, 2011 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against Ansar al-Islam, IS
Yemen: Houthis and AQAP
2009 – 2014 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against Ansarallah, AQAP
Afghanistan: Islamic State
Mar 3, 2015 – Aug 30, 2021 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against IS
Libya: Islamic State
2016 – Sep 29, 2019 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against IS
Niger: Islamic State
2017 – 2022 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against IS
Kenya: al-Shabaab
2019 – 2021 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against Al-Shabaab
Somalia: Islamic State
Jun 4, 2019 – Dec 19, 2021 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against IS
War against al-Qaida
Jul 31, 2019 – Sep 7, 2019 · U.S. a principal party · against al-Qaida
Niger: JNIM
Dec 9, 2021 – 2022 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against JNIM
An armed conflict here means at least 25 battle deaths in a year, with U.S. forces as a party or fighting for a government (UCDP's definition). Air strikes, raids, and advisory missions below that threshold aren't included. UN peacekeeping missions are excluded. UCDP data runs through 2025, so "active" on later dates means active at the end of 2025.
military/authorizationsDeclarations of war & authorizations
+7Senate Historical Office ↗
Gulf of Tonkin Resolution
Aug 10, 1964 · Authorized military force in Southeast Asia (Pub. L. 88-408).
Gulf of Tonkin Resolution repealed
Jan 12, 1971 · Repealed by Pub. L. 91-672.
War Powers Resolution
Nov 7, 1973 · Congress overrode a veto to require the President to notify Congress of deployments and end them within 60 days without authorization.
Multinational Force in Lebanon Resolution
Oct 12, 1983 · Authorized U.S. participation in the Multinational Force in Lebanon (Pub. L. 98-119).
Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Iraq
Jan 14, 1991 · Authorized the Gulf War (Pub. L. 102-1).
Authorization for Use of Military Force (2001)
Sep 18, 2001 · Authorized force against those responsible for the September 11 attacks (Pub. L. 107-40).
Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Iraq (2002)
Oct 16, 2002 · Authorized the Iraq War (Pub. L. 107-243).

Legislative

legislative/controlControl of Congress
22 changesHouse History / Senate Historical Office ↗
Top: House · Bottom: Senate DemocraticRepublican
79th Congress → 119th Congress · 40 new Congresses elected
22 changes of chamber control along the way
House: Democrat majority
241 D · 190 R
House: Republican majority
219 R · 214 D
Senate: Democrat majority
55 D · 40 R
Senate: Republican majority
53 R · 47 D
legislative/senateSenate
+100−96congress-legislators ↗
Sep 2, 1945 · 55 D · 40 R · 1 P
John Hollis Bankhead II (Democrat, AL)Joseph Lister Hill (Democrat, AL)John Little McClellan (Democrat, AR)James William Fulbright (Democrat, AR)Ernest William McFarland (Democrat, AZ)Carl Trumbull Hayden (Democrat, AZ)Sheridan Downey (Democrat, CA)Edwin Carl Johnson (Democrat, CO)Brien McMahon (Democrat, CT)James Miller Tunnell (Democrat, DE)Charles Oscar Andrews (Democrat, FL)Claude Denson Pepper (Democrat, FL)Richard Brevard Russell Jr. (Democrat, GA)Walter Franklin George (Democrat, GA)Glen Hearst Taylor (Democrat, ID)Scott Wike Lucas (Democrat, IL)Albert Benjamin Chandler (Democrat, KY)Alben William Barkley (Democrat, KY)Allen Joseph Ellender (Democrat, LA)John Holmes Overton (Democrat, LA)David Ignatius Walsh (Democrat, MA)George Lovic Pierce Radcliffe (Democrat, MD)Millard Evelyn Tydings (Democrat, MD)Frank Parks Briggs (Democrat, MO)Theodore Gilmore Bilbo (Democrat, MS)James Oliver Eastland (Democrat, MS)Burton Kendall Wheeler (Democrat, MT)James Edward Murray (Democrat, MT)Josiah William Bailey (Democrat, NC)Clyde Roark Hoey (Democrat, NC)Dennis Chavez (Democrat, NM)Carl Atwood Hatch (Democrat, NM)Patrick Anthony McCarran (Democrat, NV)Edward Peter Carville (Democrat, NV)James Michael Mead (Democrat, NY)Robert Ferdinand Wagner (Democrat, NY)John William Elmer Thomas (Democrat, OK)Joseph F. Guffey (Democrat, PA)Francis John Myers (Democrat, PA)Peter Goelet Gerry (Democrat, RI)Theodore Francis Green (Democrat, RI)Burnet Rhett Maybank (Democrat, SC)Olin DeWitt Talmadge Johnston (Democrat, SC)Kenneth Douglas McKellar (Democrat, TN)Arthur Thomas Stewart (Democrat, TN)Thomas Terry Connally (Democrat, TX)Wilbert Lee O’Daniel (Democrat, TX)Orrice Abram Murdock Jr. (Democrat, UT)Elbert Duncan Thomas (Democrat, UT)Harry Flood Byrd (Democrat, VA)Carter Glass (Democrat, VA)Warren Grant Magnuson (Democrat, WA)Hugh Burnton Mitchell (Democrat, WA)Harley Martin Kilgore (Democrat, WV)Joseph Christopher O’Mahoney (Democrat, WY)Robert Marion La Follette Jr. (Progressive, WI)William Fife Knowland (Republican, CA)Eugene Donald Millikin (Republican, CO)Thomas Charles Hart (Republican, CT)Clayton Douglass Buck (Republican, DE)George Allison Wilson (Republican, IA)Bourke Blakemore Hickenlooper (Republican, IA)John Thomas (Republican, ID)Charles Wayland Brooks (Republican, IL)Raymond Eugene Willis (Republican, IN)Homer Earl Capehart (Republican, IN)Arthur Capper (Republican, KS)Clyde Martin Reed (Republican, KS)Leverett Saltonstall (Republican, MA)Ralph Owen Brewster (Republican, ME)Wallace Humphrey White Jr. (Republican, ME)Arthur Hendrick Vandenberg (Republican, MI)Homer Samuel Ferguson (Republican, MI)Henrik Shipstead (Republican, MN)Joseph Hurst Ball (Republican, MN)Forrest C. Donnell (Republican, MO)William Langer (Republican, ND)Milton Ruben Young (Republican, ND)Hugh Alfred Butler (Republican, NE)Kenneth Spicer Wherry (Republican, NE)Henry Styles Bridges (Republican, NH)Charles William Tobey (Republican, NH)Albert Wahl Hawkes (Republican, NJ)Howard Alexander Smith (Republican, NJ)Harold Hitz Burton (Republican, OH)Robert Alphonso Taft (Republican, OH)Edward Hall Moore (Republican, OK)Guy Cordon (Republican, OR)Wayne Lyman Morse (Republican, OR)Harlan John Bushfield (Republican, SD)John Chandler Gurney (Republican, SD)Warren Robinson Austin (Republican, VT)George David Aiken (Republican, VT)Alexander Wiley (Republican, WI)William Chapman Revercomb (Republican, WV)Edward Vivian Robertson (Republican, WY)
Oct 15, 2026 · 53 R · 45 D · 2 I
Mark Kelly (Democrat, AZ)Ruben Gallego (Democrat, AZ)Alex Padilla (Democrat, CA)Adam B. Schiff (Democrat, CA)John W. Hickenlooper (Democrat, CO)Michael F. Bennet (Democrat, CO)Richard Blumenthal (Democrat, CT)Christopher Murphy (Democrat, CT)Christopher A. Coons (Democrat, DE)Lisa Blunt Rochester (Democrat, DE)Jon Ossoff (Democrat, GA)Raphael G. Warnock (Democrat, GA)Brian Schatz (Democrat, HI)Mazie K. Hirono (Democrat, HI)Richard J. Durbin (Democrat, IL)Tammy Duckworth (Democrat, IL)Edward J. Markey (Democrat, MA)Elizabeth Warren (Democrat, MA)Chris Van Hollen (Democrat, MD)Angela D. Alsobrooks (Democrat, MD)Gary C. Peters (Democrat, MI)Elissa Slotkin (Democrat, MI)Tina Smith (Democrat, MN)Amy Klobuchar (Democrat, MN)Jeanne Shaheen (Democrat, NH)Margaret Wood Hassan (Democrat, NH)Cory A. Booker (Democrat, NJ)Andy Kim (Democrat, NJ)Ben Ray Luján (Democrat, NM)Martin Heinrich (Democrat, NM)Catherine Cortez Masto (Democrat, NV)Jacky Rosen (Democrat, NV)Charles E. Schumer (Democrat, NY)Kirsten E. Gillibrand (Democrat, NY)Jeff Merkley (Democrat, OR)Ron Wyden (Democrat, OR)John Fetterman (Democrat, PA)Jack Reed (Democrat, RI)Sheldon Whitehouse (Democrat, RI)Mark R. Warner (Democrat, VA)Tim Kaine (Democrat, VA)Peter Welch (Democrat, VT)Patty Murray (Democrat, WA)Maria Cantwell (Democrat, WA)Tammy Baldwin (Democrat, WI)Angus S. King, Jr. (Independent, ME)Bernard Sanders (Independent, VT)Dan Sullivan (Republican, AK)Lisa Murkowski (Republican, AK)Tommy Tuberville (Republican, AL)Katie Boyd Britt (Republican, AL)Tom Cotton (Republican, AR)John Boozman (Republican, AR)Rick Scott (Republican, FL)Ashley Moody (Republican, FL)Joni Ernst (Republican, IA)Chuck Grassley (Republican, IA)James E. Risch (Republican, ID)Mike Crapo (Republican, ID)Todd Young (Republican, IN)Jim Banks (Republican, IN)Roger Marshall (Republican, KS)Jerry Moran (Republican, KS)Mitch McConnell (Republican, KY)Rand Paul (Republican, KY)Bill Cassidy (Republican, LA)John Kennedy (Republican, LA)Susan M. Collins (Republican, ME)Eric Schmitt (Republican, MO)Josh Hawley (Republican, MO)Cindy Hyde-Smith (Republican, MS)Roger F. Wicker (Republican, MS)Steve Daines (Republican, MT)Tim Sheehy (Republican, MT)Thom Tillis (Republican, NC)Ted Budd (Republican, NC)John Hoeven (Republican, ND)Kevin Cramer (Republican, ND)Pete Ricketts (Republican, NE)Deb Fischer (Republican, NE)Bernie Moreno (Republican, OH)Jon Husted (Republican, OH)James Lankford (Republican, OK)Alan Armstrong (Republican, OK)David McCormick (Republican, PA)Tim Scott (Republican, SC)Darline Graham (Republican, SC)Mike Rounds (Republican, SD)John Thune (Republican, SD)Bill Hagerty (Republican, TN)Marsha Blackburn (Republican, TN)John Cornyn (Republican, TX)Ted Cruz (Republican, TX)Mike Lee (Republican, UT)John R. Curtis (Republican, UT)Ron Johnson (Republican, WI)Shelley Moore Capito (Republican, WV)James C. Justice (Republican, WV)Cynthia M. Lummis (Republican, WY)John Barrasso (Republican, WY)
100 new members · 96 departed · 0 served on both dates · women 0 → 27 · median age 60 → 66
50 seats changed party
Wilbert Lee O’Daniel D
Texas
John Cornyn R
Texas
Charles Wayland Brooks R
Illinois
Richard J. Durbin D
Illinois
Albert Benjamin Chandler D
Kentucky
Mitch McConnell R
Kentucky
Guy Cordon R
Oregon
Jeff Merkley D
Oregon
Show 46 more seat flips
Henry Styles Bridges R
New Hampshire
Jeanne Shaheen D
New Hampshire
Clayton Douglass Buck R
Delaware
Christopher A. Coons D
Delaware
Allen Joseph Ellender D
Louisiana
Bill Cassidy R
Louisiana
Leverett Saltonstall R
Massachusetts
Edward J. Markey D
Massachusetts
Homer Samuel Ferguson R
Michigan
Gary C. Peters D
Michigan
John Little McClellan D
Arkansas
Tom Cotton R
Arkansas
James Edward Murray D
Montana
Steve Daines R
Montana
Albert Wahl Hawkes R
New Jersey
Cory A. Booker D
New Jersey
Josiah William Bailey D
North Carolina
Thom Tillis R
North Carolina
Joseph Hurst Ball R
Minnesota
Tina Smith D
Minnesota
James Oliver Eastland D
Mississippi
Cindy Hyde-Smith R
Mississippi
John Hollis Bankhead II D
Alabama
Tommy Tuberville R
Alabama
Arthur Thomas Stewart D
Tennessee
Bill Hagerty R
Tennessee
Eugene Donald Millikin R
Colorado
Michael F. Bennet D
Colorado
James William Fulbright D
Arkansas
John Boozman R
Arkansas
Glen Hearst Taylor D
Idaho
Mike Crapo R
Idaho
John William Elmer Thomas D
Oklahoma
James Lankford R
Oklahoma
Elbert Duncan Thomas D
Utah
Mike Lee R
Utah
Alben William Barkley D
Kentucky
Rand Paul R
Kentucky
Olin DeWitt Talmadge Johnston D
South Carolina
Tim Scott R
South Carolina
George David Aiken R
Vermont
Peter Welch D
Vermont
Wayne Lyman Morse R
Oregon
Ron Wyden D
Oregon
John Holmes Overton D
Louisiana
John Kennedy R
Louisiana
Charles William Tobey R
New Hampshire
Margaret Wood Hassan D
New Hampshire
Clyde Roark Hoey D
North Carolina
Ted Budd R
North Carolina
Joseph Lister Hill D
Alabama
Katie Boyd Britt R
Alabama
Henrik Shipstead R
Minnesota
Amy Klobuchar D
Minnesota
Warren Robinson Austin R
Vermont
Bernard Sanders I
Vermont
Joseph Christopher O’Mahoney D
Wyoming
John Barrasso R
Wyoming
Theodore Gilmore Bilbo D
Mississippi
Roger F. Wicker R
Mississippi
Robert Marion La Follette Jr. P
Wisconsin
Tammy Baldwin D
Wisconsin
Kenneth Douglas McKellar D
Tennessee
Marsha Blackburn R
Tennessee
Thomas Charles Hart R
Connecticut
Christopher Murphy D
Connecticut
William Fife Knowland R
California
Adam B. Schiff D
California
Ralph Owen Brewster R
Maine
Angus S. King, Jr. I
Maine
Thomas Terry Connally D
Texas
Ted Cruz R
Texas
Orrice Abram Murdock Jr. D
Utah
John R. Curtis R
Utah
Arthur Hendrick Vandenberg R
Michigan
Elissa Slotkin D
Michigan
Howard Alexander Smith R
New Jersey
Andy Kim D
New Jersey
Charles Oscar Andrews D
Florida
Rick Scott R
Florida
Frank Parks Briggs D
Missouri
Josh Hawley R
Missouri
Burton Kendall Wheeler D
Montana
Tim Sheehy R
Montana
Joseph F. Guffey D
Pennsylvania
David McCormick R
Pennsylvania
Harley Martin Kilgore D
West Virginia
James C. Justice R
West Virginia
Claude Denson Pepper D
Florida
Ashley Moody R
Florida
Burnet Rhett Maybank D
South Carolina
Darline Graham R
South Carolina
Who joined and who left (100 in · 96 out)
Dan Sullivan R
Alaska
Lisa Murkowski R
Alaska
Tommy Tuberville R
Alabama
Katie Boyd Britt R
Alabama
Tom Cotton R
Arkansas
John Boozman R
Arkansas
Mark Kelly D
Arizona
Ruben Gallego D
Arizona
Alex Padilla D
California
Adam B. Schiff D
California
John W. Hickenlooper D
Colorado
Michael F. Bennet D
Colorado
Richard Blumenthal D
Connecticut
Christopher Murphy D
Connecticut
Christopher A. Coons D
Delaware
Lisa Blunt Rochester D
Delaware
Rick Scott R
Florida
Ashley Moody R
Florida
Jon Ossoff D
Georgia
Raphael G. Warnock D
Georgia
Brian Schatz D
Hawaii
Mazie K. Hirono D
Hawaii
Joni Ernst R
Iowa
Chuck Grassley R
Iowa
James E. Risch R
Idaho
Mike Crapo R
Idaho
Richard J. Durbin D
Illinois
Tammy Duckworth D
Illinois
Todd Young R
Indiana
Jim Banks R
Indiana
Roger Marshall R
Kansas
Jerry Moran R
Kansas
Mitch McConnell R
Kentucky
Rand Paul R
Kentucky
Bill Cassidy R
Louisiana
John Kennedy R
Louisiana
Edward J. Markey D
Massachusetts
Elizabeth Warren D
Massachusetts
Chris Van Hollen D
Maryland
Angela D. Alsobrooks D
Maryland
Susan M. Collins R
Maine
Angus S. King, Jr. I
Maine
Gary C. Peters D
Michigan
Elissa Slotkin D
Michigan
Tina Smith D
Minnesota
Amy Klobuchar D
Minnesota
Eric Schmitt R
Missouri
Josh Hawley R
Missouri
Cindy Hyde-Smith R
Mississippi
Roger F. Wicker R
Mississippi
Steve Daines R
Montana
Tim Sheehy R
Montana
Thom Tillis R
North Carolina
Ted Budd R
North Carolina
John Hoeven R
North Dakota
Kevin Cramer R
North Dakota
Pete Ricketts R
Nebraska
Deb Fischer R
Nebraska
Jeanne Shaheen D
New Hampshire
Margaret Wood Hassan D
New Hampshire
Cory A. Booker D
New Jersey
Andy Kim D
New Jersey
Ben Ray Luján D
New Mexico
Martin Heinrich D
New Mexico
Catherine Cortez Masto D
Nevada
Jacky Rosen D
Nevada
Charles E. Schumer D
New York
Kirsten E. Gillibrand D
New York
Bernie Moreno R
Ohio
Jon Husted R
Ohio
James Lankford R
Oklahoma
Alan Armstrong R
Oklahoma
Jeff Merkley D
Oregon
Ron Wyden D
Oregon
John Fetterman D
Pennsylvania
David McCormick R
Pennsylvania
Jack Reed D
Rhode Island
Sheldon Whitehouse D
Rhode Island
Tim Scott R
South Carolina
Darline Graham R
South Carolina
Mike Rounds R
South Dakota
John Thune R
South Dakota
Bill Hagerty R
Tennessee
Marsha Blackburn R
Tennessee
John Cornyn R
Texas
Ted Cruz R
Texas
Mike Lee R
Utah
John R. Curtis R
Utah
Mark R. Warner D
Virginia
Tim Kaine D
Virginia
Peter Welch D
Vermont
Bernard Sanders I
Vermont
Patty Murray D
Washington
Maria Cantwell D
Washington
Ron Johnson R
Wisconsin
Tammy Baldwin D
Wisconsin
Shelley Moore Capito R
West Virginia
James C. Justice R
West Virginia
Cynthia M. Lummis R
Wyoming
John Barrasso R
Wyoming
John Hollis Bankhead II D
Alabama
Joseph Lister Hill D
Alabama
John Little McClellan D
Arkansas
James William Fulbright D
Arkansas
Ernest William McFarland D
Arizona
Carl Trumbull Hayden D
Arizona
Sheridan Downey D
California
William Fife Knowland R
California
Edwin Carl Johnson D
Colorado
Eugene Donald Millikin R
Colorado
Brien McMahon D
Connecticut
Thomas Charles Hart R
Connecticut
James Miller Tunnell D
Delaware
Clayton Douglass Buck R
Delaware
Charles Oscar Andrews D
Florida
Claude Denson Pepper D
Florida
Richard Brevard Russell Jr. D
Georgia
Walter Franklin George D
Georgia
George Allison Wilson R
Iowa
Bourke Blakemore Hickenlooper R
Iowa
John Thomas R
Idaho
Glen Hearst Taylor D
Idaho
Charles Wayland Brooks R
Illinois
Scott Wike Lucas D
Illinois
Raymond Eugene Willis R
Indiana
Homer Earl Capehart R
Indiana
Arthur Capper R
Kansas
Clyde Martin Reed R
Kansas
Albert Benjamin Chandler D
Kentucky
Alben William Barkley D
Kentucky
Allen Joseph Ellender D
Louisiana
John Holmes Overton D
Louisiana
David Ignatius Walsh D
Massachusetts
Leverett Saltonstall R
Massachusetts
George Lovic Pierce Radcliffe D
Maryland
Millard Evelyn Tydings D
Maryland
Ralph Owen Brewster R
Maine
Wallace Humphrey White Jr. R
Maine
Arthur Hendrick Vandenberg R
Michigan
Homer Samuel Ferguson R
Michigan
Henrik Shipstead R
Minnesota
Joseph Hurst Ball R
Minnesota
Forrest C. Donnell R
Missouri
Frank Parks Briggs D
Missouri
Theodore Gilmore Bilbo D
Mississippi
James Oliver Eastland D
Mississippi
Burton Kendall Wheeler D
Montana
James Edward Murray D
Montana
Josiah William Bailey D
North Carolina
Clyde Roark Hoey D
North Carolina
William Langer R
North Dakota
Milton Ruben Young R
North Dakota
Hugh Alfred Butler R
Nebraska
Kenneth Spicer Wherry R
Nebraska
Henry Styles Bridges R
New Hampshire
Charles William Tobey R
New Hampshire
Albert Wahl Hawkes R
New Jersey
Howard Alexander Smith R
New Jersey
Dennis Chavez D
New Mexico
Carl Atwood Hatch D
New Mexico
Patrick Anthony McCarran D
Nevada
Edward Peter Carville D
Nevada
James Michael Mead D
New York
Robert Ferdinand Wagner D
New York
Harold Hitz Burton R
Ohio
Robert Alphonso Taft R
Ohio
Edward Hall Moore R
Oklahoma
John William Elmer Thomas D
Oklahoma
Guy Cordon R
Oregon
Wayne Lyman Morse R
Oregon
Joseph F. Guffey D
Pennsylvania
Francis John Myers D
Pennsylvania
Peter Goelet Gerry D
Rhode Island
Theodore Francis Green D
Rhode Island
Burnet Rhett Maybank D
South Carolina
Olin DeWitt Talmadge Johnston D
South Carolina
Harlan John Bushfield R
South Dakota
John Chandler Gurney R
South Dakota
Kenneth Douglas McKellar D
Tennessee
Arthur Thomas Stewart D
Tennessee
Thomas Terry Connally D
Texas
Wilbert Lee O’Daniel D
Texas
Orrice Abram Murdock Jr. D
Utah
Elbert Duncan Thomas D
Utah
Harry Flood Byrd D
Virginia
Carter Glass D
Virginia
Warren Robinson Austin R
Vermont
George David Aiken R
Vermont
Warren Grant Magnuson D
Washington
Hugh Burnton Mitchell D
Washington
Robert Marion La Follette Jr. P
Wisconsin
Alexander Wiley R
Wisconsin
Harley Martin Kilgore D
West Virginia
William Chapman Revercomb R
West Virginia
Joseph Christopher O’Mahoney D
Wyoming
Edward Vivian Robertson R
Wyoming
legislative/houseHouse
+433−433congress-legislators ↗
Sep 2, 1945 · 241 D · 190 R · 1 AL · 1 P
Edward Lewis Bartlett (Democrat, AK-AL)John Jackson Sparkman (Democrat, AL-8)Luther Patrick (Democrat, AL-9)Peterson Bryant Jarman (Democrat, AL-6)Carter Manasco (Democrat, AL-7)Samuel Francis Hobbs (Democrat, AL-4)Frank William Boykin (Democrat, AL-1)George McInvale Grant (Democrat, AL-2)Albert McKinley Rains (Democrat, AL-5)George William Andrews (Democrat, AL-3)William Fadjo Cravens (Democrat, AR-4)Lawrence Brooks Hays (Democrat, AR-5)William Frank Norrell (Democrat, AR-6)Oren Harris (Democrat, AR-7)James William Trimble (Democrat, AR-3)Ezekiel Candler Gathings (Democrat, AR-1)Wilbur Daigh Mills (Democrat, AR-2)Richard Fielding Harless (Democrat, AZ-AL)Ned Romeyn Healy (Democrat, CA-13)Edouard Victor Michel Izac (Democrat, CA-23)George Elmer Outland (Democrat, CA-11)Ellis Ellwood Patterson (Democrat, CA-16)John Harvey Tolan (Democrat, CA-7)Horace Jeremiah Voorhis (Democrat, CA-12)Alfred James Elliott (Democrat, CA-10)Clarence Frederick Lea (Democrat, CA-1)Helen Gahagan Douglas (Democrat, CA-14)Franck Roberts Havenner (Democrat, CA-4)Clair Engle (Democrat, CA-2)Clyde Gilman Doyle (Democrat, CA-18)Harry Richard Sheppard (Democrat, CA-21)Cecil Rhodes King (Democrat, CA-17)George Paul Miller (Democrat, CA-6)Chester Earl Holifield (Democrat, CA-19)James Patrick Geelan (Democrat, CT-3)Herman Paul Kopplemann (Democrat, CT-1)Joseph Francis Ryter (Democrat, CT-AL)Chase Going Woodhouse (Democrat, CT-2)Philip Andrew Traynor (Democrat, DE-AL)Arthur Patrick Cannon (Democrat, FL-4)Joseph Edward Hendricks (Democrat, FL-5)Emory Hilliard Price (Democrat, FL-2)James Hardin Peterson (Democrat, FL-1)Dwight Laing Rogers (Democrat, FL-6)Robert Lee Fulton Sikes (Democrat, FL-3)John Strickland Gibson (Democrat, GA-8)Helen Douglas Mankin (Democrat, GA-5)Hugh Peterson (Democrat, GA-1)Malcolm Connor Tarver (Democrat, GA-7)Stephen Pace (Democrat, GA-3)Edward Eugene Cox (Democrat, GA-2)John Stephens Wood (Democrat, GA-9)Albert Sidney Camp (Democrat, GA-4)Paul Brown (Democrat, GA-10)Carl Vinson (Democrat, GA-6)Compton Ignatius White (Democrat, ID-1)Emily Taft Douglas (Democrat, IL-AL)Edward Austin Kelly (Democrat, IL-3)William Walter Link (Democrat, IL-7)Alexander John Resa (Democrat, IL-9)William A. Rowan (Democrat, IL-2)Martin Gorski (Democrat, IL-4)Adolph Joachim Sabath (Democrat, IL-5)Thomas Sylvy Gordon (Democrat, IL-8)Thomas Joseph O’Brien (Democrat, IL-6)William Levi Dawson (Democrat, IL-1)Charles Melvin Price (Democrat, IL-22)Louis Leon Ludlow (Democrat, IN-11)Ray John Madden (Democrat, IN-1)Andrew Jackson May (Democrat, KY-7)Emmet O’Neal (Democrat, KY-3)Virgil Munday Chapman (Democrat, KY-6)Earle C Clements (Democrat, KY-2)Joseph Bengal Bates (Democrat, KY-8)Noble Jones Gregory (Democrat, KY-1)Brent Spence (Democrat, KY-5)Frank Leslie Chelf (Democrat, KY-4)Paul Herbert Maloney (Democrat, LA-2)Charles Edgar McKenzie (Democrat, LA-5)James Domengeaux (Democrat, LA-3)Asa Leonard Allen (Democrat, LA-8)Henry Dominique Larcade Jr. (Democrat, LA-7)Overton Brooks (Democrat, LA-4)James Hobson Morrison (Democrat, LA-6)Felix Edward Hébert (Democrat, LA-1)James Michael Curley (Democrat, MA-11)Thomas Joseph Lane (Democrat, MA-7)John William McCormack (Democrat, MA-12)Philip Joseph Philbin (Democrat, MA-3)Harry Streett Baldwin (Democrat, MD-2)Dudley George Roe (Democrat, MD-1)Thomas D’Alesandro Jr. (Democrat, MD-3)Lansdale Ghiselin Sasscer (Democrat, MD-5)George Hyde Fallon (Democrat, MD-4)Frank Eugene Hook (Democrat, MI-12)John Lesinski (Democrat, MI-16)George Gregory Sadowski (Democrat, MI-1)George Donoghue O’Brien (Democrat, MI-13)John David Dingell (Democrat, MI-15)Louis Charles Rabaut (Democrat, MI-14)William James Gallagher (Democrat, MN-3)Frank Thomas Starkey (Democrat, MN-4)John Joseph Cochran (Democrat, MO-13)Roger Caldwell Slaughter (Democrat, MO-5)Charles Jasper Bell (Democrat, MO-4)Orville Zimmerman (Democrat, MO-10)John Berchmans Sullivan (Democrat, MO-11)Albert Sidney Johnson Carnahan (Democrat, MO-8)Clarence Andrew Cannon (Democrat, MO-9)Daniel Rayford McGehee (Democrat, MS-7)William Madison Whittington (Democrat, MS-3)John Elliott Rankin (Democrat, MS-1)William Arthur Winstead (Democrat, MS-5)Thomas Gerstle Abernethy (Democrat, MS-4)William Meyers Colmer (Democrat, MS-6)Jamie Lloyd Whitten (Democrat, MS-2)James Francis O’Connor (Democrat, MT-2)Michael Joseph Mansfield (Democrat, MT-1)William Olin Burgin (Democrat, NC-8)Joseph Wilson Ervin (Democrat, NC-10)Zebulon Weaver (Democrat, NC-12)Jerome Bayard Clark (Democrat, NC-7)John Hamlin Folger (Democrat, NC-5)Alfred Lee Bulwinkle (Democrat, NC-11)Robert Lee Doughton (Democrat, NC-9)John Hosea Kerr (Democrat, NC-2)Graham Arthur Barden (Democrat, NC-3)Carl Thomas Durham (Democrat, NC-6)Herbert Covington Bonner (Democrat, NC-1)Harold Dunbar Cooley (Democrat, NC-4)Mary Teresa Norton (Democrat, NJ-13)Edward Joseph Hart (Democrat, NJ-14)Antonio Manuel Fernández (Democrat, NM-AL)Berkeley Lloyd Bunker (Democrat, NV-AL)William Bernard Barry (Democrat, NY-4)Samuel Dickstein (Democrat, NY-19)Peter Anthony Quinn (Democrat, NY-26)James A. Roe (Democrat, NY-5)George Frederick Rogers (Democrat, NY-40)James H. Torrens (Democrat, NY-21)John Joseph Delaney (Democrat, NY-7)Benjamin J. Rabin (Democrat, NY-24)Leo Frederick Rayfiel (Democrat, NY-14)Sol Bloom (Democrat, NY-20)Walter Aloysius Lynch (Democrat, NY-23)Joseph Lawrence Pfeifer (Democrat, NY-8)Andrew Lawrence Somers (Democrat, NY-10)William Thomas Byrne (Democrat, NY-32)James Joseph Heffernan (Democrat, NY-11)Donald Lawrence O’Toole (Democrat, NY-13)Charles Anthony Buckley (Democrat, NY-25)Eugene James Keogh (Democrat, NY-9)Adam Clayton Powell Jr. (Democrat, NY-22)Emanuel Celler (Democrat, NY-15)John James Rooney (Democrat, NY-12)James Joseph Delaney (Democrat, NY-6)Edward Joseph Gardner (Democrat, OH-3)William Richard Thom (Democrat, OH-16)Walter B. Huber (Democrat, OH-14)Robert Crosser (Democrat, OH-21)Michael Aloysius Feighan (Democrat, OH-20)Michael Joseph Kirwan (Democrat, OH-19)Lyle H. Boren (Democrat, OK-4)Jed Joseph Johnson (Democrat, OK-6)Paul Stewart (Democrat, OK-3)William Grady Stigler (Democrat, OK-2)Almer Stillwell Mike Monroney (Democrat, OK-5)Victor Eugene Wickersham (Democrat, OK-7)John William Murphy (Democrat, PA-10)Michael Joseph Bradley (Democrat, PA-3)Daniel Knabb Hoch (Democrat, PA-13)Herbert Joseph McGlinchey (Democrat, PA-6)John Edward Sheridan (Democrat, PA-4)Samuel Arthur Weiss (Democrat, PA-33)William Thomas Granahan (Democrat, PA-2)Herman Peter Eberharter (Democrat, PA-32)Augustine Bernard Kelley (Democrat, PA-27)William Joseph Green Jr. (Democrat, PA-5)Francis Eugene Walter (Democrat, PA-20)William Aloysius Barrett (Democrat, PA-1)Thomas Ellsworth Morgan (Democrat, PA-24)Daniel John Flood (Democrat, PA-11)Aime Joseph Forand (Democrat, RI-1)John Edward Fogarty (Democrat, RI-2)Butler Black Hare (Democrat, SC-3)Joseph Raleigh Bryson (Democrat, SC-4)James Prioleau Richards (Democrat, SC-5)John Jacob Riley (Democrat, SC-2)Lucius Mendel Rivers (Democrat, SC-1)John Lanneau McMillan (Democrat, SC-6)Harold Henderson Earthman (Democrat, TN-5)William Wirt Courtney (Democrat, TN-7)James Percy Priest (Democrat, TN-6)Jere Cooper (Democrat, TN-9)Carey Estes Kefauver (Democrat, TN-3)Clifford Davis (Democrat, TN-10)Albert Arnold Gore (Democrat, TN-4)Thomas Jefferson Murray (Democrat, TN-8)Luther Alexander Johnson (Democrat, TX-6)Fritz Garland Lanham (Democrat, TX-12)Sam Morris Russell (Democrat, TX-17)Hatton William Sumners (Democrat, TX-5)Joseph Jefferson Mansfield (Democrat, TX-9)Robert Ewing Thomason (Democrat, TX-16)Milton Horace West (Democrat, TX-15)Francis Eugene Worley (Democrat, TX-18)Jesse Martin Combs (Democrat, TX-2)Ed Lee Gossett (Democrat, TX-13)Thomas Augustus Pickett (Democrat, TX-7)John Emmett Lyle Jr. (Democrat, TX-14)Paul Joseph Kilday (Democrat, TX-20)Samuel Taliaferro Rayburn (Democrat, TX-4)Lyndon Baines Johnson (Democrat, TX-10)Lindley Garrison Beckworth Sr. (Democrat, TX-3)Albert Thomas (Democrat, TX-8)Ovie Clark Fisher (Democrat, TX-21)John William Wright Patman (Democrat, TX-1)George Herman Mahon (Democrat, TX-19)William Robert Poage (Democrat, TX-11)James William Robinson (Democrat, UT-2)Walter Keil Granger (Democrat, UT-1)Thomas Granville Burch (Democrat, VA-5)Absalom Willis Robertson (Democrat, VA-7)Ralph Hunter Daughton (Democrat, VA-2)Dave Edward Satterfield Jr. (Democrat, VA-3)Clifton Alexander Woodrum (Democrat, VA-6)Patrick Henry Drewry (Democrat, VA-4)John William Flannagan Jr. (Democrat, VA-9)Schuyler Otis Bland (Democrat, VA-1)Howard Worth Smith (Democrat, VA-8)John Main Coffee (Democrat, WA-6)Emerson Hugh De Lacy (Democrat, WA-1)Charles Raymon Savage (Democrat, WA-3)Henry Martin Jackson (Democrat, WA-2)Thaddeus Francis Boleslaw Wasielewski (Democrat, WI-4)Andrew John Biemiller (Democrat, WI-5)Erland Harold Hedrick (Democrat, WV-6)John Kee (Democrat, WV-5)Matthew Mansfield Neely (Democrat, WV-1)Cleveland Monroe Bailey (Democrat, WV-3)Jennings Randolph (Democrat, WV-2)Vito Anthony Marcantonio (American Labor, NY-18)Merlin Hull (Progressive, WI-9)Bertrand Wesley Gearhart (Republican, CA-9)Richard Joseph Welch (Republican, CA-5)John Zuinglius Anderson (Republican, CA-8)John Carl Williams Hinshaw (Republican, CA-20)Justin Leroy Johnson (Republican, CA-3)John Phillips (Republican, CA-22)Gordon Leo McDonough (Republican, CA-15)Dean Milton Gillespie (Republican, CO-1)Robert Fay Rockwell (Republican, CO-4)William Silas Hill (Republican, CO-2)John Edgar Chenoweth (Republican, CO-3)Clare Boothe Luce (Republican, CT-4)Joseph Edward Talbot (Republican, CT-5)Joseph Rider Farrington (Republican, HI-AL)John Williams Gwynne (Republican, IA-3)James Isaac Dolliver (Republican, IA-6)Thomas Ellsworth Martin (Republican, IA-1)Paul Harvey Cunningham (Republican, IA-5)Karl Miles Le Compte (Republican, IA-4)Henry Oscar Talle (Republican, IA-2)Charles Bernard Hoeven (Republican, IA-8)Benton Franklin Jensen (Republican, IA-7)James Vandaveer Heidinger (Republican, IL-24)Jessie Sumner (Republican, IL-18)George Evan Howell (Republican, IL-21)Anton Joseph Johnson (Republican, IL-14)Ralph Edwin Church (Republican, IL-10)Rolla Coral McMillen (Republican, IL-19)Cecil William Bishop (Republican, IL-25)Chauncey William Reed (Republican, IL-11)Sidney Elmer Simpson (Republican, IL-20)Charles Wesley Vursell (Republican, IL-23)Leo Elwood Allen (Republican, IL-13)Robert Bruce Chiperfield (Republican, IL-15)Noah Morgan Mason (Republican, IL-12)Everett McKinley Dirksen (Republican, IL-16)Leslie Cornelius Arends (Republican, IL-17)Charles Marion La Follette (Republican, IN-8)George W. Gillie (Republican, IN-4)Robert Allen Grant (Republican, IN-3)Forest Arthur Harness (Republican, IN-5)Noble Jacob Johnson (Republican, IN-6)Gerald Wayne Landis (Republican, IN-7)Raymond Smiley Springer (Republican, IN-10)Earl Wilson (Republican, IN-9)Charles Abraham Halleck (Republican, IN-2)Thomas Daniel Winter (Republican, KS-3)Albert McDonald Cole (Republican, KS-1)Clifford Ragsdale Hope (Republican, KS-5)Errett Power Scrivner (Republican, KS-2)Edward Herbert Rees (Republican, KS-4)Frank Carlson (Republican, KS-6)John Marshall Robsion (Republican, KY-9)Pehr Gustaf Holmes (Republican, MA-4)Charles Russell Clason (Republican, MA-2)Charles Laceille Gifford (Republican, MA-9)George Joseph Bates (Republican, MA-6)Christian Archibald Herter (Republican, MA-10)Angier Louis Goodwin (Republican, MA-8)John Walter Heselton (Republican, MA-1)Richard Bowditch Wigglesworth (Republican, MA-13)Edith Nourse Rogers (Republican, MA-5)Joseph William Martin Jr. (Republican, MA-14)James Glenn Beall (Republican, MD-6)Frank Fellows (Republican, ME-3)Robert Hale (Republican, ME-1)Margaret Chase Smith (Republican, ME-2)Frederick Van Ness Bradley (Republican, MI-11)Bartel John Jonkman (Republican, MI-5)Albert Joseph Engel (Republican, MI-9)Earl Cory Michener (Republican, MI-2)William Wallace Blackney (Republican, MI-6)Fred Lewis Crawford (Republican, MI-8)Roy Orchard Woodruff (Republican, MI-10)Paul Werntz Shafer (Republican, MI-3)George Anthony Dondero (Republican, MI-17)Jesse Paine Wolcott (Republican, MI-7)Clare Eugene Hoffman (Republican, MI-4)William Alvin Pittenger (Republican, MN-8)Harold Knutson (Republican, MN-6)Harold Christian Hagen (Republican, MN-9)August Herman Andresen (Republican, MN-1)Joseph Patrick O’Hara (Republican, MN-2)Herman Carl Andersen (Republican, MN-7)Walter Henry Judd (Republican, MN-5)Samuel Washington Arnold (Republican, MO-1)Marion Tinsley Bennett (Republican, MO-6)Walter Christian Ploeser (Republican, MO-12)Max Schwabe (Republican, MO-2)William Clay Cole (Republican, MO-3)Dewey Jackson Short (Republican, MO-7)Charles Raymond Robertson (Republican, ND-AL)Howard Homan Buffett (Republican, NE-2)Karl Stefan (Republican, NE-3)Arthur Lewis Miller (Republican, NE-4)Carl Thomas Curtis (Republican, NE-1)Sherman Adams (Republican, NH-2)Chester Earl Merrow (Republican, NH-1)David Lane Powers (Republican, NJ-4)Fred Allan Hartley Jr. (Republican, NJ-10)Frank Leander Sundstrom (Republican, NJ-11)John Parnell Thomas (Republican, NJ-7)Charles Aubrey Eaton (Republican, NJ-5)Harry Lancaster Towe (Republican, NJ-9)Thomas Millet Hand (Republican, NJ-2)Robert Winthrop Kean (Republican, NJ-12)Charles Anderson Wolverton (Republican, NJ-1)Gordon Canfield (Republican, NJ-8)James Coats Auchincloss (Republican, NJ-3)Clifford Philip Case (Republican, NJ-6)Joseph Clark Baldwin (Republican, NY-17)Augustus Witschief Bennet (Republican, NY-29)Clarence Eugene Hancock (Republican, NY-36)Edgar Allan Sharp (Republican, NY-1)Walter Gresham Andrews (Republican, NY-42)Ellsworth Brewer Buck (Republican, NY-16)Edward Julius Elsaesser (Republican, NY-43)Hadwen Carlton Fuller (Republican, NY-35)Jay Le Fevre (Republican, NY-30)James Wolcott Wadsworth Jr. (Republican, NY-41)John Cornelius Butler (Republican, NY-44)Edwin Arthur Hall (Republican, NY-37)Leonard Wood Hall (Republican, NY-2)Ralph Abernethy Gamble (Republican, NY-28)William Sterling Cole (Republican, NY-39)Ralph Waldo Gwinn (Republican, NY-27)Bernard William Kearney (Republican, NY-31)Henry Jepson Latham (Republican, NY-3)Daniel Alden Reed (Republican, NY-45)Dean Park Taylor (Republican, NY-33)John Taber (Republican, NY-38)Clarence Evans Kilburn (Republican, NY-34)Percy Wilfred Griffiths (Republican, OH-15)Robert Franklin Jones (Republican, OH-4)Earl Ramage Lewis (Republican, OH-18)Edward Oscar McCowen (Republican, OH-6)Homer Alonzo Ramey (Republican, OH-9)Frederick Cleveland Smith (Republican, OH-8)Walter Ellsworth Brehm (Republican, OH-11)Charles Henry Elston (Republican, OH-1)Alvin F. Weichel (Republican, OH-13)George Harrison Bender (Republican, OH-AL)Cliff Clevenger (Republican, OH-5)Thomas Albert Jenkins (Republican, OH-10)J. Harry McGregor (Republican, OH-17)John Martin Vorys (Republican, OH-12)William Emil Hess (Republican, OH-2)Clarence J. Brown (Republican, OH-7)Frances Payne Bolton (Republican, OH-22)Ross Rizley (Republican, OK-8)George Blaine Schwabe (Republican, OK-1)James Wheaton Mott (Republican, OR-1)Lowell Stockman (Republican, OR-2)Homer Daniel Angell (Republican, OR-3)Mathew Harris Ellsworth (Republican, OR-4)David Emmert Brumbaugh (Republican, PA-22)Howard Edmond Campbell (Republican, PA-29)Carl Henry Hoffman (Republican, PA-23)John Roland Kinzer (Republican, PA-9)Robert Lewis Rodgers (Republican, PA-28)James Wolfenden (Republican, PA-7)Charles Lewis Gerlach (Republican, PA-8)Chester Heilman Gross (Republican, PA-21)Harve Tibbott (Republican, PA-26)Robert Fleming Rich (Republican, PA-15)Wilson Darwin Gillette (Republican, PA-14)Louis Edward Graham (Republican, PA-25)Samuel Kerns McConnell Jr. (Republican, PA-16)Richard Murray Simpson (Republican, PA-17)Ivor David Fenton (Republican, PA-12)Leon Harry Gavin (Republican, PA-19)John Crain Kunkel (Republican, PA-18)Robert James Corbett (Republican, PA-30)James Grove Fulton (Republican, PA-31)Francis Higbee Case (Republican, SD-2)Karl Earl Mundt (Republican, SD-1)John Jennings Jr. (Republican, TN-2)Brazilla Carroll Reece (Republican, TN-1)Charles Albert Plumley (Republican, VT-AL)Otis Halbert Holmes (Republican, WA-4)Walter Franklin Horan (Republican, WA-5)Robert Kirkland Henry (Republican, WI-2)William Henry Stevenson (Republican, WI-3)Frank Bateman Keefe (Republican, WI-6)Reid Fred Murray (Republican, WI-7)Lawrence Henry Smith (Republican, WI-1)John William Byrnes (Republican, WI-8)Alvin Edward O’Konski (Republican, WI-10)Hubert Summers Ellis (Republican, WV-4)Frank Aloysius Barrett (Republican, WY-AL)
Oct 15, 2026 · 218 R · 214 D · 1 I
Terri A. Sewell (Democrat, AL-7)Shomari Figures (Democrat, AL-2)Greg Stanton (Democrat, AZ-4)Yassamin Ansari (Democrat, AZ-3)Adelita S. Grijalva (Democrat, AZ-7)Judy Chu (Democrat, CA-28)Jim Costa (Democrat, CA-21)John Garamendi (Democrat, CA-8)Zoe Lofgren (Democrat, CA-18)Doris O. Matsui (Democrat, CA-7)Nancy Pelosi (Democrat, CA-11)Brad Sherman (Democrat, CA-32)Linda T. Sánchez (Democrat, CA-38)Mike Thompson (Democrat, CA-4)Maxine Waters (Democrat, CA-43)Jared Huffman (Democrat, CA-2)Ami Bera (Democrat, CA-6)Julia Brownley (Democrat, CA-26)Raul Ruiz (Democrat, CA-25)Mark Takano (Democrat, CA-39)Juan Vargas (Democrat, CA-52)Scott H. Peters (Democrat, CA-50)Mark DeSaulnier (Democrat, CA-10)Pete Aguilar (Democrat, CA-33)Ted Lieu (Democrat, CA-36)Norma J. Torres (Democrat, CA-35)Ro Khanna (Democrat, CA-17)Jimmy Panetta (Democrat, CA-19)Salud O. Carbajal (Democrat, CA-24)Nanette Diaz Barragán (Democrat, CA-44)J. Luis Correa (Democrat, CA-46)Jimmy Gomez (Democrat, CA-34)Josh Harder (Democrat, CA-9)Mike Levin (Democrat, CA-49)Sara Jacobs (Democrat, CA-51)Kevin Mullin (Democrat, CA-15)Sydney Kamlager-Dove (Democrat, CA-37)Robert Garcia (Democrat, CA-42)Gilbert Ray Cisneros, Jr. (Democrat, CA-31)Lateefah Simon (Democrat, CA-12)Adam Gray (Democrat, CA-13)Sam T. Liccardo (Democrat, CA-16)George Whitesides (Democrat, CA-27)Luz M. Rivas (Democrat, CA-29)Laura Friedman (Democrat, CA-30)Derek Tran (Democrat, CA-45)Dave Min (Democrat, CA-47)Aisha Wahab (Democrat, CA-14)Diana DeGette (Democrat, CO-1)Joe Neguse (Democrat, CO-2)Jason Crow (Democrat, CO-6)Brittany Pettersen (Democrat, CO-7)Joe Courtney (Democrat, CT-2)Rosa L. DeLauro (Democrat, CT-3)James A. Himes (Democrat, CT-4)John B. Larson (Democrat, CT-1)Jahana Hayes (Democrat, CT-5)Sarah McBride (Democrat, DE-AL)Kathy Castor (Democrat, FL-14)Debbie Wasserman Schultz (Democrat, FL-25)Frederica S. Wilson (Democrat, FL-24)Lois Frankel (Democrat, FL-22)Darren Soto (Democrat, FL-9)Maxwell Frost (Democrat, FL-10)Jared Moskowitz (Democrat, FL-23)Sanford D. Bishop, Jr. (Democrat, GA-2)Henry C. "Hank" Johnson, Jr. (Democrat, GA-4)Lucy McBath (Democrat, GA-6)Nikema Williams (Democrat, GA-5)Everton Blair Jr. (Democrat, GA-13)Ed Case (Democrat, HI-1)Jill N. Tokuda (Democrat, HI-2)Danny K. Davis (Democrat, IL-7)Mike Quigley (Democrat, IL-5)Janice D. Schakowsky (Democrat, IL-9)Bill Foster (Democrat, IL-11)Robin L. Kelly (Democrat, IL-2)Bradley Scott Schneider (Democrat, IL-10)Raja Krishnamoorthi (Democrat, IL-8)Jesús G. "Chuy" García (Democrat, IL-4)Sean Casten (Democrat, IL-6)Lauren Underwood (Democrat, IL-14)Jonathan L. Jackson (Democrat, IL-1)Delia C. Ramirez (Democrat, IL-3)Nikki Budzinski (Democrat, IL-13)Eric Sorensen (Democrat, IL-17)André Carson (Democrat, IN-7)Frank J. Mrvan (Democrat, IN-1)Sharice Davids (Democrat, KS-3)Morgan McGarvey (Democrat, KY-3)Troy A. Carter (Democrat, LA-2)Cleo Fields (Democrat, LA-6)William R. Keating (Democrat, MA-9)Stephen F. Lynch (Democrat, MA-8)James P. McGovern (Democrat, MA-2)Richard E. Neal (Democrat, MA-1)Katherine M. Clark (Democrat, MA-5)Seth Moulton (Democrat, MA-6)Lori Trahan (Democrat, MA-3)Ayanna Pressley (Democrat, MA-7)Jake Auchincloss (Democrat, MA-4)Steny H. Hoyer (Democrat, MD-5)Jamie Raskin (Democrat, MD-8)Kweisi Mfume (Democrat, MD-7)Glenn Ivey (Democrat, MD-4)Johnny Olszewski, Jr. (Democrat, MD-2)Sarah Elfreth (Democrat, MD-3)April McClain Delaney (Democrat, MD-6)Chellie Pingree (Democrat, ME-1)Jared F. Golden (Democrat, ME-2)Debbie Dingell (Democrat, MI-6)Haley M. Stevens (Democrat, MI-11)Rashida Tlaib (Democrat, MI-12)Hillary J. Scholten (Democrat, MI-3)Shri Thanedar (Democrat, MI-13)Kristen McDonald Rivet (Democrat, MI-8)Betty McCollum (Democrat, MN-4)Angie Craig (Democrat, MN-2)Ilhan Omar (Democrat, MN-5)Kelly Morrison (Democrat, MN-3)Emanuel Cleaver (Democrat, MO-5)Wesley Bell (Democrat, MO-1)Bennie G. Thompson (Democrat, MS-2)Alma S. Adams (Democrat, NC-12)Deborah K. Ross (Democrat, NC-2)Donald G. Davis (Democrat, NC-1)Valerie P. Foushee (Democrat, NC-4)Chris Pappas (Democrat, NH-1)Maggie Goodlander (Democrat, NH-2)Frank Pallone, Jr. (Democrat, NJ-6)Donald Norcross (Democrat, NJ-1)Bonnie Watson Coleman (Democrat, NJ-12)Josh Gottheimer (Democrat, NJ-5)Robert Menendez (Democrat, NJ-8)LaMonica McIver (Democrat, NJ-10)Herbert C. Conaway, Jr. (Democrat, NJ-3)Nellie Pou (Democrat, NJ-9)Analilia Mejia (Democrat, NJ-11)Teresa Leger Fernandez (Democrat, NM-3)Melanie A. Stansbury (Democrat, NM-1)Gabe Vasquez (Democrat, NM-2)Dina Titus (Democrat, NV-1)Steven Horsford (Democrat, NV-4)Susie Lee (Democrat, NV-3)Yvette D. Clarke (Democrat, NY-9)Gregory W. Meeks (Democrat, NY-5)Jerrold Nadler (Democrat, NY-12)Paul Tonko (Democrat, NY-20)Nydia M. Velázquez (Democrat, NY-7)Grace Meng (Democrat, NY-6)Hakeem S. Jeffries (Democrat, NY-8)Adriano Espaillat (Democrat, NY-13)Joseph D. Morelle (Democrat, NY-25)Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez (Democrat, NY-14)Ritchie Torres (Democrat, NY-15)Patrick Ryan (Democrat, NY-18)Daniel S. Goldman (Democrat, NY-10)Thomas R. Suozzi (Democrat, NY-3)Timothy M. Kennedy (Democrat, NY-26)Laura Gillen (Democrat, NY-4)George Latimer (Democrat, NY-16)Josh Riley (Democrat, NY-19)John W. Mannion (Democrat, NY-22)Marcy Kaptur (Democrat, OH-9)Joyce Beatty (Democrat, OH-3)Shontel M. Brown (Democrat, OH-11)Greg Landsman (Democrat, OH-1)Emilia Strong Sykes (Democrat, OH-13)Suzanne Bonamici (Democrat, OR-1)Val T. Hoyle (Democrat, OR-4)Andrea Salinas (Democrat, OR-6)Maxine Dexter (Democrat, OR-3)Janelle S. Bynum (Democrat, OR-5)Brendan F. Boyle (Democrat, PA-2)Dwight Evans (Democrat, PA-3)Mary Gay Scanlon (Democrat, PA-5)Madeleine Dean (Democrat, PA-4)Chrissy Houlahan (Democrat, PA-6)Summer L. Lee (Democrat, PA-12)Christopher R. Deluzio (Democrat, PA-17)Seth Magaziner (Democrat, RI-2)Gabe Amo (Democrat, RI-1)James E. Clyburn (Democrat, SC-6)Steve Cohen (Democrat, TN-9)Henry Cuellar (Democrat, TX-28)Lloyd Doggett (Democrat, TX-37)Al Green (Democrat, TX-9)Joaquin Castro (Democrat, TX-20)Marc A. Veasey (Democrat, TX-33)Vicente Gonzalez (Democrat, TX-34)Lizzie Fletcher (Democrat, TX-7)Veronica Escobar (Democrat, TX-16)Sylvia R. Garcia (Democrat, TX-29)Jasmine Crockett (Democrat, TX-30)Greg Casar (Democrat, TX-35)Julie Johnson (Democrat, TX-32)Christian D. Menefee (Democrat, TX-18)Robert C. "Bobby" Scott (Democrat, VA-3)Donald S. Beyer, Jr. (Democrat, VA-8)Jennifer L. McClellan (Democrat, VA-4)Eugene Simon Vindman (Democrat, VA-7)Suhas Subramanyam (Democrat, VA-10)James R. Walkinshaw (Democrat, VA-11)Becca Balint (Democrat, VT-AL)Rick Larsen (Democrat, WA-2)Adam Smith (Democrat, WA-9)Suzan K. DelBene (Democrat, WA-1)Pramila Jayapal (Democrat, WA-7)Kim Schrier (Democrat, WA-8)Marilyn Strickland (Democrat, WA-10)Marie Gluesenkamp Perez (Democrat, WA-3)Emily Randall (Democrat, WA-6)Gwen Moore (Democrat, WI-4)Mark Pocan (Democrat, WI-2)Kevin Kiley (Independent, CA-3)Nicholas J. Begich III (Republican, AK-AL)Robert B. Aderholt (Republican, AL-4)Mike Rogers (Republican, AL-3)Gary J. Palmer (Republican, AL-6)Barry Moore (Republican, AL-1)Dale W. Strong (Republican, AL-5)Eric A. "Rick" Crawford (Republican, AR-1)Steve Womack (Republican, AR-3)J. French Hill (Republican, AR-2)Bruce Westerman (Republican, AR-4)Paul A. Gosar (Republican, AZ-9)David Schweikert (Republican, AZ-1)Andy Biggs (Republican, AZ-5)Elijah Crane (Republican, AZ-2)Juan Ciscomani (Republican, AZ-6)Abraham J. Hamadeh (Republican, AZ-8)Ken Calvert (Republican, CA-41)Tom McClintock (Republican, CA-5)Darrell Issa (Republican, CA-48)David G. Valadao (Republican, CA-22)Jay Obernolte (Republican, CA-23)Young Kim (Republican, CA-40)Vince Fong (Republican, CA-20)James Gallagher (Republican, CA-1)Lauren Boebert (Republican, CO-4)Jeff Hurd (Republican, CO-3)Jeff Crank (Republican, CO-5)Gabe Evans (Republican, CO-8)Gus M. Bilirakis (Republican, FL-12)Vern Buchanan (Republican, FL-16)Mario Diaz-Balart (Republican, FL-26)Daniel Webster (Republican, FL-11)Neal P. Dunn (Republican, FL-2)John H. Rutherford (Republican, FL-5)Brian J. Mast (Republican, FL-21)W. Gregory Steube (Republican, FL-17)Kat Cammack (Republican, FL-3)Scott Franklin (Republican, FL-18)Byron Donalds (Republican, FL-19)Carlos A. Gimenez (Republican, FL-28)Maria Elvira Salazar (Republican, FL-27)Aaron Bean (Republican, FL-4)Cory Mills (Republican, FL-7)Anna Paulina Luna (Republican, FL-13)Laurel M. Lee (Republican, FL-15)Mike Haridopolos (Republican, FL-8)Jimmy Patronis (Republican, FL-1)Randy Fine (Republican, FL-6)Austin Scott (Republican, GA-8)Earl L. "Buddy" Carter (Republican, GA-1)Barry Loudermilk (Republican, GA-11)Rick W. Allen (Republican, GA-12)Andrew S. Clyde (Republican, GA-9)Richard McCormick (Republican, GA-7)Mike Collins (Republican, GA-10)Brian Jack (Republican, GA-3)Clay Fuller (Republican, GA-14)Ashley Hinson (Republican, IA-2)Mariannette Miller-Meeks (Republican, IA-1)Randy Feenstra (Republican, IA-4)Zachary Nunn (Republican, IA-3)Michael K. Simpson (Republican, ID-2)Russ Fulcher (Republican, ID-1)Mike Bost (Republican, IL-12)Darin LaHood (Republican, IL-16)Mary E. Miller (Republican, IL-15)James R. Baird (Republican, IN-4)Victoria Spartz (Republican, IN-5)Rudy Yakym III (Republican, IN-2)Erin Houchin (Republican, IN-9)Marlin A. Stutzman (Republican, IN-3)Jefferson Shreve (Republican, IN-6)Mark B. Messmer (Republican, IN-8)Ron Estes (Republican, KS-4)Tracey Mann (Republican, KS-1)Derek Schmidt (Republican, KS-2)Brett Guthrie (Republican, KY-2)Harold Rogers (Republican, KY-5)Thomas Massie (Republican, KY-4)Andy Barr (Republican, KY-6)James Comer (Republican, KY-1)Steve Scalise (Republican, LA-1)Clay Higgins (Republican, LA-3)Mike Johnson (Republican, LA-4)Julia Letlow (Republican, LA-5)Andy Harris (Republican, MD-1)Bill Huizenga (Republican, MI-4)Tim Walberg (Republican, MI-5)John R. Moolenaar (Republican, MI-2)Jack Bergman (Republican, MI-1)Lisa C. McClain (Republican, MI-9)John James (Republican, MI-10)Tom Barrett (Republican, MI-7)Tom Emmer (Republican, MN-6)Pete Stauber (Republican, MN-8)Michelle Fischbach (Republican, MN-7)Brad Finstad (Republican, MN-1)Sam Graves (Republican, MO-6)Ann Wagner (Republican, MO-2)Jason Smith (Republican, MO-8)Mark Alford (Republican, MO-4)Eric Burlison (Republican, MO-7)Robert F. Onder, Jr. (Republican, MO-3)Trent Kelly (Republican, MS-1)Michael Guest (Republican, MS-3)Mike Ezell (Republican, MS-4)Ryan K. Zinke (Republican, MT-1)Troy Downing (Republican, MT-2)Virginia Foxx (Republican, NC-5)Richard Hudson (Republican, NC-9)David Rouzer (Republican, NC-7)Gregory F. Murphy (Republican, NC-3)Chuck Edwards (Republican, NC-11)Addison P. McDowell (Republican, NC-6)Mark Harris (Republican, NC-8)Pat Harrigan (Republican, NC-10)Brad Knott (Republican, NC-13)Tim Moore (Republican, NC-14)Julie Fedorchak (Republican, ND-AL)Adrian Smith (Republican, NE-3)Don Bacon (Republican, NE-2)Mike Flood (Republican, NE-1)Christopher H. Smith (Republican, NJ-4)Jefferson Van Drew (Republican, NJ-2)Thomas H. Kean, Jr. (Republican, NJ-7)Mark E. Amodei (Republican, NV-2)Elise M. Stefanik (Republican, NY-21)Andrew R. Garbarino (Republican, NY-2)Nicole Malliotakis (Republican, NY-11)Claudia Tenney (Republican, NY-24)Nick LaLota (Republican, NY-1)Michael Lawler (Republican, NY-17)Nicholas A. Langworthy (Republican, NY-23)Jim Jordan (Republican, OH-4)Robert E. Latta (Republican, OH-5)Michael R. Turner (Republican, OH-10)David P. Joyce (Republican, OH-14)Warren Davidson (Republican, OH-8)Troy Balderson (Republican, OH-12)Mike Carey (Republican, OH-15)Max L. Miller (Republican, OH-7)Michael A. Rulli (Republican, OH-6)David J. Taylor (Republican, OH-2)Tom Cole (Republican, OK-4)Frank D. Lucas (Republican, OK-3)Kevin Hern (Republican, OK-1)Stephanie I. Bice (Republican, OK-5)Josh Brecheen (Republican, OK-2)Cliff Bentz (Republican, OR-2)Mike Kelly (Republican, PA-16)Glenn Thompson (Republican, PA-15)Scott Perry (Republican, PA-10)Brian K. Fitzpatrick (Republican, PA-1)Lloyd Smucker (Republican, PA-11)Daniel Meuser (Republican, PA-9)John Joyce (Republican, PA-13)Guy Reschenthaler (Republican, PA-14)Ryan Mackenzie (Republican, PA-7)Robert P. Bresnahan, Jr. (Republican, PA-8)Joe Wilson (Republican, SC-2)Ralph Norman (Republican, SC-5)William R. Timmons IV (Republican, SC-4)Nancy Mace (Republican, SC-1)Russell Fry (Republican, SC-7)Sheri Biggs (Republican, SC-3)Dusty Johnson (Republican, SD-AL)Scott DesJarlais (Republican, TN-4)Charles J. "Chuck" Fleischmann (Republican, TN-3)David Kustoff (Republican, TN-8)Tim Burchett (Republican, TN-2)John W. Rose (Republican, TN-6)Diana Harshbarger (Republican, TN-1)Andrew Ogles (Republican, TN-5)Matt Van Epps (Republican, TN-7)John R. Carter (Republican, TX-31)Michael T. McCaul (Republican, TX-10)Randy K. Weber, Sr. (Republican, TX-14)Roger Williams (Republican, TX-25)Brian Babin (Republican, TX-36)Jodey C. Arrington (Republican, TX-19)Michael Cloud (Republican, TX-27)Dan Crenshaw (Republican, TX-2)Lance Gooden (Republican, TX-5)Chip Roy (Republican, TX-21)Pete Sessions (Republican, TX-17)Pat Fallon (Republican, TX-4)August Pfluger (Republican, TX-11)Ronny Jackson (Republican, TX-13)Troy E. Nehls (Republican, TX-22)Beth Van Duyne (Republican, TX-24)Jake Ellzey (Republican, TX-6)Nathaniel Moran (Republican, TX-1)Keith Self (Republican, TX-3)Morgan Luttrell (Republican, TX-8)Monica De La Cruz (Republican, TX-15)Wesley Hunt (Republican, TX-38)Craig A. Goldman (Republican, TX-12)Brandon Gill (Republican, TX-26)Blake D. Moore (Republican, UT-1)Burgess Owens (Republican, UT-4)Celeste Maloy (Republican, UT-2)Mike Kennedy (Republican, UT-3)H. Morgan Griffith (Republican, VA-9)Robert J. Wittman (Republican, VA-1)Ben Cline (Republican, VA-6)Jennifer A. Kiggans (Republican, VA-2)John J. McGuire III (Republican, VA-5)Dan Newhouse (Republican, WA-4)Michael Baumgartner (Republican, WA-5)Glenn Grothman (Republican, WI-6)Bryan Steil (Republican, WI-1)Thomas P. Tiffany (Republican, WI-7)Scott Fitzgerald (Republican, WI-5)Derrick Van Orden (Republican, WI-3)Tony Wied (Republican, WI-8)Carol D. Miller (Republican, WV-1)Riley M. Moore (Republican, WV-2)Harriet M. Hageman (Republican, WY-AL)
433 new members · 433 departed · 0 served on both dates · women 10 → 125 · median age 52 → 59
46 state delegations changed
Show delegation changes
Alaska 1 D · 0 R
Alaska 0 D · 1 R
Alabama 9 D · 0 R
Alabama 2 D · 5 R
Arkansas 7 D · 0 R
Arkansas 0 D · 4 R
Arizona 1 D · 0 R
Arizona 3 D · 6 R
California 16 D · 7 R
California 43 D · 9 R
Colorado 0 D · 4 R
Colorado 4 D · 4 R
Connecticut 4 D · 2 R
Connecticut 5 D · 0 R
Florida 6 D · 0 R
Florida 7 D · 20 R
Georgia 10 D · 0 R
Georgia 5 D · 9 R
Hawaii 0 D · 1 R
Hawaii 2 D · 0 R
Iowa 0 D · 8 R
Iowa 0 D · 4 R
Idaho 1 D · 0 R
Idaho 0 D · 2 R
Illinois 11 D · 15 R
Illinois 14 D · 3 R
Indiana 2 D · 9 R
Indiana 2 D · 7 R
Kansas 0 D · 6 R
Kansas 1 D · 3 R
Kentucky 8 D · 1 R
Kentucky 1 D · 5 R
Louisiana 8 D · 0 R
Louisiana 2 D · 4 R
Massachusetts 4 D · 10 R
Massachusetts 9 D · 0 R
Maryland 5 D · 1 R
Maryland 7 D · 1 R
Maine 0 D · 3 R
Maine 2 D · 0 R
Michigan 6 D · 11 R
Michigan 6 D · 7 R
Minnesota 2 D · 7 R
Minnesota 4 D · 4 R
Missouri 7 D · 6 R
Missouri 2 D · 6 R
Mississippi 7 D · 0 R
Mississippi 1 D · 3 R
Montana 2 D · 0 R
Montana 0 D · 2 R
North Carolina 12 D · 0 R
North Carolina 4 D · 10 R
Nebraska 0 D · 4 R
Nebraska 0 D · 3 R
New Hampshire 0 D · 2 R
New Hampshire 2 D · 0 R
New Jersey 2 D · 12 R
New Jersey 9 D · 3 R
New Mexico 1 D · 0 R
New Mexico 3 D · 0 R
Nevada 1 D · 0 R
Nevada 3 D · 1 R
New York 22 D · 22 R · 1 other
New York 19 D · 7 R
Ohio 6 D · 17 R
Ohio 5 D · 10 R
Oklahoma 6 D · 2 R
Oklahoma 0 D · 5 R
Oregon 0 D · 4 R
Oregon 5 D · 1 R
Pennsylvania 14 D · 19 R
Pennsylvania 7 D · 10 R
South Carolina 6 D · 0 R
South Carolina 1 D · 6 R
South Dakota 0 D · 2 R
South Dakota 0 D · 1 R
Tennessee 8 D · 2 R
Tennessee 1 D · 8 R
Texas 21 D · 0 R
Texas 13 D · 24 R
Utah 2 D · 0 R
Utah 0 D · 4 R
Virginia 9 D · 0 R
Virginia 6 D · 5 R
Vermont 0 D · 1 R
Vermont 1 D · 0 R
Washington 4 D · 2 R
Washington 8 D · 2 R
Wisconsin 2 D · 7 R · 1 other
Wisconsin 2 D · 6 R
West Virginia 5 D · 1 R
West Virginia 0 D · 2 R
Who joined and who left (433 in · 433 out)
Nicholas J. Begich III R
Alaska-AL
Robert B. Aderholt R
Alabama-4
Mike Rogers R
Alabama-3
Terri A. Sewell D
Alabama-7
Gary J. Palmer R
Alabama-6
Barry Moore R
Alabama-1
Dale W. Strong R
Alabama-5
Shomari Figures D
Alabama-2
Eric A. "Rick" Crawford R
Arkansas-1
Steve Womack R
Arkansas-3
J. French Hill R
Arkansas-2
Bruce Westerman R
Arkansas-4
Paul A. Gosar R
Arizona-9
David Schweikert R
Arizona-1
Andy Biggs R
Arizona-5
Greg Stanton D
Arizona-4
Elijah Crane R
Arizona-2
Juan Ciscomani R
Arizona-6
Yassamin Ansari D
Arizona-3
Abraham J. Hamadeh R
Arizona-8
Adelita S. Grijalva D
Arizona-7
Ken Calvert R
California-41
Judy Chu D
California-28
Jim Costa D
California-21
John Garamendi D
California-8
Zoe Lofgren D
California-18
Doris O. Matsui D
California-7
Tom McClintock R
California-5
Nancy Pelosi D
California-11
Brad Sherman D
California-32
Linda T. Sánchez D
California-38
Mike Thompson D
California-4
Maxine Waters D
California-43
Jared Huffman D
California-2
Ami Bera D
California-6
Julia Brownley D
California-26
Raul Ruiz D
California-25
Mark Takano D
California-39
Juan Vargas D
California-52
Scott H. Peters D
California-50
Mark DeSaulnier D
California-10
Pete Aguilar D
California-33
Ted Lieu D
California-36
Norma J. Torres D
California-35
Ro Khanna D
California-17
Jimmy Panetta D
California-19
Salud O. Carbajal D
California-24
Nanette Diaz Barragán D
California-44
J. Luis Correa D
California-46
Jimmy Gomez D
California-34
Josh Harder D
California-9
Mike Levin D
California-49
Darrell Issa R
California-48
David G. Valadao R
California-22
Jay Obernolte R
California-23
Young Kim R
California-40
Sara Jacobs D
California-51
Kevin Mullin D
California-15
Sydney Kamlager-Dove D
California-37
Robert Garcia D
California-42
Vince Fong R
California-20
Gilbert Ray Cisneros, Jr. D
California-31
Lateefah Simon D
California-12
Adam Gray D
California-13
Sam T. Liccardo D
California-16
George Whitesides D
California-27
Luz M. Rivas D
California-29
Laura Friedman D
California-30
Derek Tran D
California-45
Dave Min D
California-47
Kevin Kiley I
California-3
James Gallagher R
California-1
Aisha Wahab D
California-14
Diana DeGette D
Colorado-1
Joe Neguse D
Colorado-2
Jason Crow D
Colorado-6
Lauren Boebert R
Colorado-4
Brittany Pettersen D
Colorado-7
Jeff Hurd R
Colorado-3
Jeff Crank R
Colorado-5
Gabe Evans R
Colorado-8
Joe Courtney D
Connecticut-2
Rosa L. DeLauro D
Connecticut-3
James A. Himes D
Connecticut-4
John B. Larson D
Connecticut-1
Jahana Hayes D
Connecticut-5
Sarah McBride D
Delaware-AL
Gus M. Bilirakis R
Florida-12
Vern Buchanan R
Florida-16
Kathy Castor D
Florida-14
Mario Diaz-Balart R
Florida-26
Debbie Wasserman Schultz D
Florida-25
Daniel Webster R
Florida-11
Frederica S. Wilson D
Florida-24
Lois Frankel D
Florida-22
Neal P. Dunn R
Florida-2
John H. Rutherford R
Florida-5
Darren Soto D
Florida-9
Brian J. Mast R
Florida-21
W. Gregory Steube R
Florida-17
Kat Cammack R
Florida-3
Scott Franklin R
Florida-18
Byron Donalds R
Florida-19
Carlos A. Gimenez R
Florida-28
Maria Elvira Salazar R
Florida-27
Aaron Bean R
Florida-4
Cory Mills R
Florida-7
Maxwell Frost D
Florida-10
Anna Paulina Luna R
Florida-13
Laurel M. Lee R
Florida-15
Jared Moskowitz D
Florida-23
Mike Haridopolos R
Florida-8
Jimmy Patronis R
Florida-1
Randy Fine R
Florida-6
Sanford D. Bishop, Jr. D
Georgia-2
Henry C. "Hank" Johnson, Jr. D
Georgia-4
Austin Scott R
Georgia-8
Earl L. "Buddy" Carter R
Georgia-1
Barry Loudermilk R
Georgia-11
Rick W. Allen R
Georgia-12
Lucy McBath D
Georgia-6
Nikema Williams D
Georgia-5
Andrew S. Clyde R
Georgia-9
Richard McCormick R
Georgia-7
Mike Collins R
Georgia-10
Brian Jack R
Georgia-3
Clay Fuller R
Georgia-14
Everton Blair Jr. D
Georgia-13
Ed Case D
Hawaii-1
Jill N. Tokuda D
Hawaii-2
Ashley Hinson R
Iowa-2
Mariannette Miller-Meeks R
Iowa-1
Randy Feenstra R
Iowa-4
Zachary Nunn R
Iowa-3
Michael K. Simpson R
Idaho-2
Russ Fulcher R
Idaho-1
Danny K. Davis D
Illinois-7
Mike Quigley D
Illinois-5
Janice D. Schakowsky D
Illinois-9
Bill Foster D
Illinois-11
Robin L. Kelly D
Illinois-2
Mike Bost R
Illinois-12
Darin LaHood R
Illinois-16
Bradley Scott Schneider D
Illinois-10
Raja Krishnamoorthi D
Illinois-8
Jesús G. "Chuy" García D
Illinois-4
Sean Casten D
Illinois-6
Lauren Underwood D
Illinois-14
Mary E. Miller R
Illinois-15
Jonathan L. Jackson D
Illinois-1
Delia C. Ramirez D
Illinois-3
Nikki Budzinski D
Illinois-13
Eric Sorensen D
Illinois-17
André Carson D
Indiana-7
James R. Baird R
Indiana-4
Frank J. Mrvan D
Indiana-1
Victoria Spartz R
Indiana-5
Rudy Yakym III R
Indiana-2
Erin Houchin R
Indiana-9
Marlin A. Stutzman R
Indiana-3
Jefferson Shreve R
Indiana-6
Mark B. Messmer R
Indiana-8
Ron Estes R
Kansas-4
Sharice Davids D
Kansas-3
Tracey Mann R
Kansas-1
Derek Schmidt R
Kansas-2
Brett Guthrie R
Kentucky-2
Harold Rogers R
Kentucky-5
Thomas Massie R
Kentucky-4
Andy Barr R
Kentucky-6
James Comer R
Kentucky-1
Morgan McGarvey D
Kentucky-3
Steve Scalise R
Louisiana-1
Clay Higgins R
Louisiana-3
Mike Johnson R
Louisiana-4
Julia Letlow R
Louisiana-5
Troy A. Carter D
Louisiana-2
Cleo Fields D
Louisiana-6
William R. Keating D
Massachusetts-9
Stephen F. Lynch D
Massachusetts-8
James P. McGovern D
Massachusetts-2
Richard E. Neal D
Massachusetts-1
Katherine M. Clark D
Massachusetts-5
Seth Moulton D
Massachusetts-6
Lori Trahan D
Massachusetts-3
Ayanna Pressley D
Massachusetts-7
Jake Auchincloss D
Massachusetts-4
Andy Harris R
Maryland-1
Steny H. Hoyer D
Maryland-5
Jamie Raskin D
Maryland-8
Kweisi Mfume D
Maryland-7
Glenn Ivey D
Maryland-4
Johnny Olszewski, Jr. D
Maryland-2
Sarah Elfreth D
Maryland-3
April McClain Delaney D
Maryland-6
Chellie Pingree D
Maine-1
Jared F. Golden D
Maine-2
Bill Huizenga R
Michigan-4
Tim Walberg R
Michigan-5
John R. Moolenaar R
Michigan-2
Debbie Dingell D
Michigan-6
Jack Bergman R
Michigan-1
Haley M. Stevens D
Michigan-11
Rashida Tlaib D
Michigan-12
Lisa C. McClain R
Michigan-9
Hillary J. Scholten D
Michigan-3
John James R
Michigan-10
Shri Thanedar D
Michigan-13
Tom Barrett R
Michigan-7
Kristen McDonald Rivet D
Michigan-8
Betty McCollum D
Minnesota-4
Tom Emmer R
Minnesota-6
Angie Craig D
Minnesota-2
Ilhan Omar D
Minnesota-5
Pete Stauber R
Minnesota-8
Michelle Fischbach R
Minnesota-7
Brad Finstad R
Minnesota-1
Kelly Morrison D
Minnesota-3
Emanuel Cleaver D
Missouri-5
Sam Graves R
Missouri-6
Ann Wagner R
Missouri-2
Jason Smith R
Missouri-8
Mark Alford R
Missouri-4
Eric Burlison R
Missouri-7
Wesley Bell D
Missouri-1
Robert F. Onder, Jr. R
Missouri-3
Bennie G. Thompson D
Mississippi-2
Trent Kelly R
Mississippi-1
Michael Guest R
Mississippi-3
Mike Ezell R
Mississippi-4
Ryan K. Zinke R
Montana-1
Troy Downing R
Montana-2
Virginia Foxx R
North Carolina-5
Richard Hudson R
North Carolina-9
Alma S. Adams D
North Carolina-12
David Rouzer R
North Carolina-7
Gregory F. Murphy R
North Carolina-3
Deborah K. Ross D
North Carolina-2
Donald G. Davis D
North Carolina-1
Valerie P. Foushee D
North Carolina-4
Chuck Edwards R
North Carolina-11
Addison P. McDowell R
North Carolina-6
Mark Harris R
North Carolina-8
Pat Harrigan R
North Carolina-10
Brad Knott R
North Carolina-13
Tim Moore R
North Carolina-14
Julie Fedorchak R
North Dakota-AL
Adrian Smith R
Nebraska-3
Don Bacon R
Nebraska-2
Mike Flood R
Nebraska-1
Chris Pappas D
New Hampshire-1
Maggie Goodlander D
New Hampshire-2
Frank Pallone, Jr. D
New Jersey-6
Christopher H. Smith R
New Jersey-4
Donald Norcross D
New Jersey-1
Bonnie Watson Coleman D
New Jersey-12
Josh Gottheimer D
New Jersey-5
Jefferson Van Drew R
New Jersey-2
Thomas H. Kean, Jr. R
New Jersey-7
Robert Menendez D
New Jersey-8
LaMonica McIver D
New Jersey-10
Herbert C. Conaway, Jr. D
New Jersey-3
Nellie Pou D
New Jersey-9
Analilia Mejia D
New Jersey-11
Teresa Leger Fernandez D
New Mexico-3
Melanie A. Stansbury D
New Mexico-1
Gabe Vasquez D
New Mexico-2
Mark E. Amodei R
Nevada-2
Dina Titus D
Nevada-1
Steven Horsford D
Nevada-4
Susie Lee D
Nevada-3
Yvette D. Clarke D
New York-9
Gregory W. Meeks D
New York-5
Jerrold Nadler D
New York-12
Paul Tonko D
New York-20
Nydia M. Velázquez D
New York-7
Grace Meng D
New York-6
Hakeem S. Jeffries D
New York-8
Elise M. Stefanik R
New York-21
Adriano Espaillat D
New York-13
Joseph D. Morelle D
New York-25
Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez D
New York-14
Andrew R. Garbarino R
New York-2
Nicole Malliotakis R
New York-11
Ritchie Torres D
New York-15
Claudia Tenney R
New York-24
Patrick Ryan D
New York-18
Nick LaLota R
New York-1
Daniel S. Goldman D
New York-10
Michael Lawler R
New York-17
Nicholas A. Langworthy R
New York-23
Thomas R. Suozzi D
New York-3
Timothy M. Kennedy D
New York-26
Laura Gillen D
New York-4
George Latimer D
New York-16
Josh Riley D
New York-19
John W. Mannion D
New York-22
Jim Jordan R
Ohio-4
Marcy Kaptur D
Ohio-9
Robert E. Latta R
Ohio-5
Michael R. Turner R
Ohio-10
Joyce Beatty D
Ohio-3
David P. Joyce R
Ohio-14
Warren Davidson R
Ohio-8
Troy Balderson R
Ohio-12
Shontel M. Brown D
Ohio-11
Mike Carey R
Ohio-15
Greg Landsman D
Ohio-1
Max L. Miller R
Ohio-7
Emilia Strong Sykes D
Ohio-13
Michael A. Rulli R
Ohio-6
David J. Taylor R
Ohio-2
Tom Cole R
Oklahoma-4
Frank D. Lucas R
Oklahoma-3
Kevin Hern R
Oklahoma-1
Stephanie I. Bice R
Oklahoma-5
Josh Brecheen R
Oklahoma-2
Suzanne Bonamici D
Oregon-1
Cliff Bentz R
Oregon-2
Val T. Hoyle D
Oregon-4
Andrea Salinas D
Oregon-6
Maxine Dexter D
Oregon-3
Janelle S. Bynum D
Oregon-5
Mike Kelly R
Pennsylvania-16
Glenn Thompson R
Pennsylvania-15
Scott Perry R
Pennsylvania-10
Brendan F. Boyle D
Pennsylvania-2
Dwight Evans D
Pennsylvania-3
Brian K. Fitzpatrick R
Pennsylvania-1
Lloyd Smucker R
Pennsylvania-11
Mary Gay Scanlon D
Pennsylvania-5
Madeleine Dean D
Pennsylvania-4
Chrissy Houlahan D
Pennsylvania-6
Daniel Meuser R
Pennsylvania-9
John Joyce R
Pennsylvania-13
Guy Reschenthaler R
Pennsylvania-14
Summer L. Lee D
Pennsylvania-12
Christopher R. Deluzio D
Pennsylvania-17
Ryan Mackenzie R
Pennsylvania-7
Robert P. Bresnahan, Jr. R
Pennsylvania-8
Seth Magaziner D
Rhode Island-2
Gabe Amo D
Rhode Island-1
James E. Clyburn D
South Carolina-6
Joe Wilson R
South Carolina-2
Ralph Norman R
South Carolina-5
William R. Timmons IV R
South Carolina-4
Nancy Mace R
South Carolina-1
Russell Fry R
South Carolina-7
Sheri Biggs R
South Carolina-3
Dusty Johnson R
South Dakota-AL
Steve Cohen D
Tennessee-9
Scott DesJarlais R
Tennessee-4
Charles J. "Chuck" Fleischmann R
Tennessee-3
David Kustoff R
Tennessee-8
Tim Burchett R
Tennessee-2
John W. Rose R
Tennessee-6
Diana Harshbarger R
Tennessee-1
Andrew Ogles R
Tennessee-5
Matt Van Epps R
Tennessee-7
John R. Carter R
Texas-31
Henry Cuellar D
Texas-28
Lloyd Doggett D
Texas-37
Al Green D
Texas-9
Michael T. McCaul R
Texas-10
Randy K. Weber, Sr. R
Texas-14
Joaquin Castro D
Texas-20
Roger Williams R
Texas-25
Marc A. Veasey D
Texas-33
Brian Babin R
Texas-36
Vicente Gonzalez D
Texas-34
Jodey C. Arrington R
Texas-19
Michael Cloud R
Texas-27
Dan Crenshaw R
Texas-2
Lance Gooden R
Texas-5
Lizzie Fletcher D
Texas-7
Veronica Escobar D
Texas-16
Chip Roy R
Texas-21
Sylvia R. Garcia D
Texas-29
Pete Sessions R
Texas-17
Pat Fallon R
Texas-4
August Pfluger R
Texas-11
Ronny Jackson R
Texas-13
Troy E. Nehls R
Texas-22
Beth Van Duyne R
Texas-24
Jake Ellzey R
Texas-6
Nathaniel Moran R
Texas-1
Keith Self R
Texas-3
Morgan Luttrell R
Texas-8
Monica De La Cruz R
Texas-15
Jasmine Crockett D
Texas-30
Greg Casar D
Texas-35
Wesley Hunt R
Texas-38
Craig A. Goldman R
Texas-12
Brandon Gill R
Texas-26
Julie Johnson D
Texas-32
Christian D. Menefee D
Texas-18
Blake D. Moore R
Utah-1
Burgess Owens R
Utah-4
Celeste Maloy R
Utah-2
Mike Kennedy R
Utah-3
H. Morgan Griffith R
Virginia-9
Robert C. "Bobby" Scott D
Virginia-3
Robert J. Wittman R
Virginia-1
Donald S. Beyer, Jr. D
Virginia-8
Ben Cline R
Virginia-6
Jennifer A. Kiggans R
Virginia-2
Jennifer L. McClellan D
Virginia-4
John J. McGuire III R
Virginia-5
Eugene Simon Vindman D
Virginia-7
Suhas Subramanyam D
Virginia-10
James R. Walkinshaw D
Virginia-11
Becca Balint D
Vermont-AL
Rick Larsen D
Washington-2
Adam Smith D
Washington-9
Suzan K. DelBene D
Washington-1
Dan Newhouse R
Washington-4
Pramila Jayapal D
Washington-7
Kim Schrier D
Washington-8
Marilyn Strickland D
Washington-10
Marie Gluesenkamp Perez D
Washington-3
Michael Baumgartner R
Washington-5
Emily Randall D
Washington-6
Gwen Moore D
Wisconsin-4
Mark Pocan D
Wisconsin-2
Glenn Grothman R
Wisconsin-6
Bryan Steil R
Wisconsin-1
Thomas P. Tiffany R
Wisconsin-7
Scott Fitzgerald R
Wisconsin-5
Derrick Van Orden R
Wisconsin-3
Tony Wied R
Wisconsin-8
Carol D. Miller R
West Virginia-1
Riley M. Moore R
West Virginia-2
Harriet M. Hageman R
Wyoming-AL
Edward Lewis Bartlett D
Alaska-AL
John Jackson Sparkman D
Alabama-8
Luther Patrick D
Alabama-9
Peterson Bryant Jarman D
Alabama-6
Carter Manasco D
Alabama-7
Samuel Francis Hobbs D
Alabama-4
Frank William Boykin D
Alabama-1
George McInvale Grant D
Alabama-2
Albert McKinley Rains D
Alabama-5
George William Andrews D
Alabama-3
William Fadjo Cravens D
Arkansas-4
Lawrence Brooks Hays D
Arkansas-5
William Frank Norrell D
Arkansas-6
Oren Harris D
Arkansas-7
James William Trimble D
Arkansas-3
Ezekiel Candler Gathings D
Arkansas-1
Wilbur Daigh Mills D
Arkansas-2
Richard Fielding Harless D
Arizona-AL
Ned Romeyn Healy D
California-13
Edouard Victor Michel Izac D
California-23
George Elmer Outland D
California-11
Ellis Ellwood Patterson D
California-16
John Harvey Tolan D
California-7
Horace Jeremiah Voorhis D
California-12
Alfred James Elliott D
California-10
Bertrand Wesley Gearhart R
California-9
Clarence Frederick Lea D
California-1
Helen Gahagan Douglas D
California-14
Richard Joseph Welch R
California-5
John Zuinglius Anderson R
California-8
Franck Roberts Havenner D
California-4
John Carl Williams Hinshaw R
California-20
Justin Leroy Johnson R
California-3
John Phillips R
California-22
Clair Engle D
California-2
Gordon Leo McDonough R
California-15
Clyde Gilman Doyle D
California-18
Harry Richard Sheppard D
California-21
Cecil Rhodes King D
California-17
George Paul Miller D
California-6
Chester Earl Holifield D
California-19
Dean Milton Gillespie R
Colorado-1
Robert Fay Rockwell R
Colorado-4
William Silas Hill R
Colorado-2
John Edgar Chenoweth R
Colorado-3
James Patrick Geelan D
Connecticut-3
Herman Paul Kopplemann D
Connecticut-1
Clare Boothe Luce R
Connecticut-4
Joseph Francis Ryter D
Connecticut-AL
Joseph Edward Talbot R
Connecticut-5
Chase Going Woodhouse D
Connecticut-2
Philip Andrew Traynor D
Delaware-AL
Arthur Patrick Cannon D
Florida-4
Joseph Edward Hendricks D
Florida-5
Emory Hilliard Price D
Florida-2
James Hardin Peterson D
Florida-1
Dwight Laing Rogers D
Florida-6
Robert Lee Fulton Sikes D
Florida-3
John Strickland Gibson D
Georgia-8
Helen Douglas Mankin D
Georgia-5
Hugh Peterson D
Georgia-1
Malcolm Connor Tarver D
Georgia-7
Stephen Pace D
Georgia-3
Edward Eugene Cox D
Georgia-2
John Stephens Wood D
Georgia-9
Albert Sidney Camp D
Georgia-4
Paul Brown D
Georgia-10
Carl Vinson D
Georgia-6
Joseph Rider Farrington R
Hawaii-AL
John Williams Gwynne R
Iowa-3
James Isaac Dolliver R
Iowa-6
Thomas Ellsworth Martin R
Iowa-1
Paul Harvey Cunningham R
Iowa-5
Karl Miles Le Compte R
Iowa-4
Henry Oscar Talle R
Iowa-2
Charles Bernard Hoeven R
Iowa-8
Benton Franklin Jensen R
Iowa-7
Compton Ignatius White D
Idaho-1
Emily Taft Douglas D
Illinois-AL
James Vandaveer Heidinger R
Illinois-24
Edward Austin Kelly D
Illinois-3
William Walter Link D
Illinois-7
Alexander John Resa D
Illinois-9
William A. Rowan D
Illinois-2
Jessie Sumner R
Illinois-18
George Evan Howell R
Illinois-21
Anton Joseph Johnson R
Illinois-14
Ralph Edwin Church R
Illinois-10
Martin Gorski D
Illinois-4
Rolla Coral McMillen R
Illinois-19
Adolph Joachim Sabath D
Illinois-5
Cecil William Bishop R
Illinois-25
Chauncey William Reed R
Illinois-11
Thomas Sylvy Gordon D
Illinois-8
Sidney Elmer Simpson R
Illinois-20
Charles Wesley Vursell R
Illinois-23
Leo Elwood Allen R
Illinois-13
Robert Bruce Chiperfield R
Illinois-15
Noah Morgan Mason R
Illinois-12
Everett McKinley Dirksen R
Illinois-16
Thomas Joseph O’Brien D
Illinois-6
William Levi Dawson D
Illinois-1
Leslie Cornelius Arends R
Illinois-17
Charles Melvin Price D
Illinois-22
Charles Marion La Follette R
Indiana-8
George W. Gillie R
Indiana-4
Robert Allen Grant R
Indiana-3
Forest Arthur Harness R
Indiana-5
Noble Jacob Johnson R
Indiana-6
Gerald Wayne Landis R
Indiana-7
Louis Leon Ludlow D
Indiana-11
Raymond Smiley Springer R
Indiana-10
Earl Wilson R
Indiana-9
Charles Abraham Halleck R
Indiana-2
Ray John Madden D
Indiana-1
Thomas Daniel Winter R
Kansas-3
Albert McDonald Cole R
Kansas-1
Clifford Ragsdale Hope R
Kansas-5
Errett Power Scrivner R
Kansas-2
Edward Herbert Rees R
Kansas-4
Frank Carlson R
Kansas-6
Andrew Jackson May D
Kentucky-7
Emmet O’Neal D
Kentucky-3
John Marshall Robsion R
Kentucky-9
Virgil Munday Chapman D
Kentucky-6
Earle C Clements D
Kentucky-2
Joseph Bengal Bates D
Kentucky-8
Noble Jones Gregory D
Kentucky-1
Brent Spence D
Kentucky-5
Frank Leslie Chelf D
Kentucky-4
Paul Herbert Maloney D
Louisiana-2
Charles Edgar McKenzie D
Louisiana-5
James Domengeaux D
Louisiana-3
Asa Leonard Allen D
Louisiana-8
Henry Dominique Larcade Jr. D
Louisiana-7
Overton Brooks D
Louisiana-4
James Hobson Morrison D
Louisiana-6
Felix Edward Hébert D
Louisiana-1
James Michael Curley D
Massachusetts-11
Pehr Gustaf Holmes R
Massachusetts-4
Charles Russell Clason R
Massachusetts-2
Charles Laceille Gifford R
Massachusetts-9
George Joseph Bates R
Massachusetts-6
Christian Archibald Herter R
Massachusetts-10
Angier Louis Goodwin R
Massachusetts-8
John Walter Heselton R
Massachusetts-1
Richard Bowditch Wigglesworth R
Massachusetts-13
Edith Nourse Rogers R
Massachusetts-5
Thomas Joseph Lane D
Massachusetts-7
Joseph William Martin Jr. R
Massachusetts-14
John William McCormack D
Massachusetts-12
Philip Joseph Philbin D
Massachusetts-3
Harry Streett Baldwin D
Maryland-2
Dudley George Roe D
Maryland-1
Thomas D’Alesandro Jr. D
Maryland-3
Lansdale Ghiselin Sasscer D
Maryland-5
James Glenn Beall R
Maryland-6
George Hyde Fallon D
Maryland-4
Frank Fellows R
Maine-3
Robert Hale R
Maine-1
Margaret Chase Smith R
Maine-2
Frank Eugene Hook D
Michigan-12
Frederick Van Ness Bradley R
Michigan-11
Bartel John Jonkman R
Michigan-5
Albert Joseph Engel R
Michigan-9
John Lesinski D
Michigan-16
Earl Cory Michener R
Michigan-2
George Gregory Sadowski D
Michigan-1
William Wallace Blackney R
Michigan-6
Fred Lewis Crawford R
Michigan-8
Roy Orchard Woodruff R
Michigan-10
George Donoghue O’Brien D
Michigan-13
Paul Werntz Shafer R
Michigan-3
John David Dingell D
Michigan-15
George Anthony Dondero R
Michigan-17
Jesse Paine Wolcott R
Michigan-7
Clare Eugene Hoffman R
Michigan-4
Louis Charles Rabaut D
Michigan-14
William James Gallagher D
Minnesota-3
William Alvin Pittenger R
Minnesota-8
Frank Thomas Starkey D
Minnesota-4
Harold Knutson R
Minnesota-6
Harold Christian Hagen R
Minnesota-9
August Herman Andresen R
Minnesota-1
Joseph Patrick O’Hara R
Minnesota-2
Herman Carl Andersen R
Minnesota-7
Walter Henry Judd R
Minnesota-5
John Joseph Cochran D
Missouri-13
Roger Caldwell Slaughter D
Missouri-5
Samuel Washington Arnold R
Missouri-1
Charles Jasper Bell D
Missouri-4
Marion Tinsley Bennett R
Missouri-6
Walter Christian Ploeser R
Missouri-12
Max Schwabe R
Missouri-2
Orville Zimmerman D
Missouri-10
John Berchmans Sullivan D
Missouri-11
William Clay Cole R
Missouri-3
Dewey Jackson Short R
Missouri-7
Albert Sidney Johnson Carnahan D
Missouri-8
Clarence Andrew Cannon D
Missouri-9
Daniel Rayford McGehee D
Mississippi-7
William Madison Whittington D
Mississippi-3
John Elliott Rankin D
Mississippi-1
William Arthur Winstead D
Mississippi-5
Thomas Gerstle Abernethy D
Mississippi-4
William Meyers Colmer D
Mississippi-6
Jamie Lloyd Whitten D
Mississippi-2
James Francis O’Connor D
Montana-2
Michael Joseph Mansfield D
Montana-1
William Olin Burgin D
North Carolina-8
Joseph Wilson Ervin D
North Carolina-10
Zebulon Weaver D
North Carolina-12
Jerome Bayard Clark D
North Carolina-7
John Hamlin Folger D
North Carolina-5
Alfred Lee Bulwinkle D
North Carolina-11
Robert Lee Doughton D
North Carolina-9
John Hosea Kerr D
North Carolina-2
Graham Arthur Barden D
North Carolina-3
Carl Thomas Durham D
North Carolina-6
Herbert Covington Bonner D
North Carolina-1
Harold Dunbar Cooley D
North Carolina-4
Charles Raymond Robertson R
North Dakota-AL
Howard Homan Buffett R
Nebraska-2
Karl Stefan R
Nebraska-3
Arthur Lewis Miller R
Nebraska-4
Carl Thomas Curtis R
Nebraska-1
Sherman Adams R
New Hampshire-2
Chester Earl Merrow R
New Hampshire-1
David Lane Powers R
New Jersey-4
Fred Allan Hartley Jr. R
New Jersey-10
Frank Leander Sundstrom R
New Jersey-11
Mary Teresa Norton D
New Jersey-13
John Parnell Thomas R
New Jersey-7
Charles Aubrey Eaton R
New Jersey-5
Harry Lancaster Towe R
New Jersey-9
Edward Joseph Hart D
New Jersey-14
Thomas Millet Hand R
New Jersey-2
Robert Winthrop Kean R
New Jersey-12
Charles Anderson Wolverton R
New Jersey-1
Gordon Canfield R
New Jersey-8
James Coats Auchincloss R
New Jersey-3
Clifford Philip Case R
New Jersey-6
Antonio Manuel Fernández D
New Mexico-AL
Berkeley Lloyd Bunker D
Nevada-AL
Joseph Clark Baldwin R
New York-17
William Bernard Barry D
New York-4
Augustus Witschief Bennet R
New York-29
Samuel Dickstein D
New York-19
Clarence Eugene Hancock R
New York-36
Peter Anthony Quinn D
New York-26
James A. Roe D
New York-5
George Frederick Rogers D
New York-40
Edgar Allan Sharp R
New York-1
James H. Torrens D
New York-21
Walter Gresham Andrews R
New York-42
Ellsworth Brewer Buck R
New York-16
John Joseph Delaney D
New York-7
Edward Julius Elsaesser R
New York-43
Hadwen Carlton Fuller R
New York-35
Benjamin J. Rabin D
New York-24
Leo Frederick Rayfiel D
New York-14
Sol Bloom D
New York-20
Jay Le Fevre R
New York-30
Walter Aloysius Lynch D
New York-23
Vito Anthony Marcantonio AL
New York-18
Joseph Lawrence Pfeifer D
New York-8
Andrew Lawrence Somers D
New York-10
James Wolcott Wadsworth Jr. R
New York-41
John Cornelius Butler R
New York-44
William Thomas Byrne D
New York-32
Edwin Arthur Hall R
New York-37
Leonard Wood Hall R
New York-2
James Joseph Heffernan D
New York-11
Donald Lawrence O’Toole D
New York-13
Ralph Abernethy Gamble R
New York-28
William Sterling Cole R
New York-39
Ralph Waldo Gwinn R
New York-27
Bernard William Kearney R
New York-31
Henry Jepson Latham R
New York-3
Daniel Alden Reed R
New York-45
Dean Park Taylor R
New York-33
John Taber R
New York-38
Charles Anthony Buckley D
New York-25
Clarence Evans Kilburn R
New York-34
Eugene James Keogh D
New York-9
Adam Clayton Powell Jr. D
New York-22
Emanuel Celler D
New York-15
John James Rooney D
New York-12
James Joseph Delaney D
New York-6
Edward Joseph Gardner D
Ohio-3
William Richard Thom D
Ohio-16
Percy Wilfred Griffiths R
Ohio-15
Robert Franklin Jones R
Ohio-4
Earl Ramage Lewis R
Ohio-18
Edward Oscar McCowen R
Ohio-6
Homer Alonzo Ramey R
Ohio-9
Walter B. Huber D
Ohio-14
Frederick Cleveland Smith R
Ohio-8
Walter Ellsworth Brehm R
Ohio-11
Charles Henry Elston R
Ohio-1
Robert Crosser D
Ohio-21
Alvin F. Weichel R
Ohio-13
George Harrison Bender R
Ohio-AL
Cliff Clevenger R
Ohio-5
Thomas Albert Jenkins R
Ohio-10
J. Harry McGregor R
Ohio-17
John Martin Vorys R
Ohio-12
William Emil Hess R
Ohio-2
Clarence J. Brown R
Ohio-7
Frances Payne Bolton R
Ohio-22
Michael Aloysius Feighan D
Ohio-20
Michael Joseph Kirwan D
Ohio-19
Lyle H. Boren D
Oklahoma-4
Jed Joseph Johnson D
Oklahoma-6
Paul Stewart D
Oklahoma-3
Ross Rizley R
Oklahoma-8
George Blaine Schwabe R
Oklahoma-1
William Grady Stigler D
Oklahoma-2
Almer Stillwell Mike Monroney D
Oklahoma-5
Victor Eugene Wickersham D
Oklahoma-7
James Wheaton Mott R
Oregon-1
Lowell Stockman R
Oregon-2
Homer Daniel Angell R
Oregon-3
Mathew Harris Ellsworth R
Oregon-4
John William Murphy D
Pennsylvania-10
Michael Joseph Bradley D
Pennsylvania-3
David Emmert Brumbaugh R
Pennsylvania-22
Howard Edmond Campbell R
Pennsylvania-29
Daniel Knabb Hoch D
Pennsylvania-13
Carl Henry Hoffman R
Pennsylvania-23
John Roland Kinzer R
Pennsylvania-9
Herbert Joseph McGlinchey D
Pennsylvania-6
Robert Lewis Rodgers R
Pennsylvania-28
John Edward Sheridan D
Pennsylvania-4
Samuel Arthur Weiss D
Pennsylvania-33
James Wolfenden R
Pennsylvania-7
Charles Lewis Gerlach R
Pennsylvania-8
Chester Heilman Gross R
Pennsylvania-21
Harve Tibbott R
Pennsylvania-26
Robert Fleming Rich R
Pennsylvania-15
Wilson Darwin Gillette R
Pennsylvania-14
Louis Edward Graham R
Pennsylvania-25
William Thomas Granahan D
Pennsylvania-2
Herman Peter Eberharter D
Pennsylvania-32
Augustine Bernard Kelley D
Pennsylvania-27
Samuel Kerns McConnell Jr. R
Pennsylvania-16
Richard Murray Simpson R
Pennsylvania-17
Ivor David Fenton R
Pennsylvania-12
Leon Harry Gavin R
Pennsylvania-19
William Joseph Green Jr. D
Pennsylvania-5
Francis Eugene Walter D
Pennsylvania-20
John Crain Kunkel R
Pennsylvania-18
Robert James Corbett R
Pennsylvania-30
James Grove Fulton R
Pennsylvania-31
William Aloysius Barrett D
Pennsylvania-1
Thomas Ellsworth Morgan D
Pennsylvania-24
Daniel John Flood D
Pennsylvania-11
Aime Joseph Forand D
Rhode Island-1
John Edward Fogarty D
Rhode Island-2
Butler Black Hare D
South Carolina-3
Joseph Raleigh Bryson D
South Carolina-4
James Prioleau Richards D
South Carolina-5
John Jacob Riley D
South Carolina-2
Lucius Mendel Rivers D
South Carolina-1
John Lanneau McMillan D
South Carolina-6
Francis Higbee Case R
South Dakota-2
Karl Earl Mundt R
South Dakota-1
Harold Henderson Earthman D
Tennessee-5
William Wirt Courtney D
Tennessee-7
John Jennings Jr. R
Tennessee-2
James Percy Priest D
Tennessee-6
Jere Cooper D
Tennessee-9
Carey Estes Kefauver D
Tennessee-3
Brazilla Carroll Reece R
Tennessee-1
Clifford Davis D
Tennessee-10
Albert Arnold Gore D
Tennessee-4
Thomas Jefferson Murray D
Tennessee-8
Luther Alexander Johnson D
Texas-6
Fritz Garland Lanham D
Texas-12
Sam Morris Russell D
Texas-17
Hatton William Sumners D
Texas-5
Joseph Jefferson Mansfield D
Texas-9
Robert Ewing Thomason D
Texas-16
Milton Horace West D
Texas-15
Francis Eugene Worley D
Texas-18
Jesse Martin Combs D
Texas-2
Ed Lee Gossett D
Texas-13
Thomas Augustus Pickett D
Texas-7
John Emmett Lyle Jr. D
Texas-14
Paul Joseph Kilday D
Texas-20
Samuel Taliaferro Rayburn D
Texas-4
Lyndon Baines Johnson D
Texas-10
Lindley Garrison Beckworth Sr. D
Texas-3
Albert Thomas D
Texas-8
Ovie Clark Fisher D
Texas-21
John William Wright Patman D
Texas-1
George Herman Mahon D
Texas-19
William Robert Poage D
Texas-11
James William Robinson D
Utah-2
Walter Keil Granger D
Utah-1
Thomas Granville Burch D
Virginia-5
Absalom Willis Robertson D
Virginia-7
Ralph Hunter Daughton D
Virginia-2
Dave Edward Satterfield Jr. D
Virginia-3
Clifton Alexander Woodrum D
Virginia-6
Patrick Henry Drewry D
Virginia-4
John William Flannagan Jr. D
Virginia-9
Schuyler Otis Bland D
Virginia-1
Howard Worth Smith D
Virginia-8
Charles Albert Plumley R
Vermont-AL
John Main Coffee D
Washington-6
Emerson Hugh De Lacy D
Washington-1
Charles Raymon Savage D
Washington-3
Otis Halbert Holmes R
Washington-4
Walter Franklin Horan R
Washington-5
Henry Martin Jackson D
Washington-2
Robert Kirkland Henry R
Wisconsin-2
Thaddeus Francis Boleslaw Wasielewski D
Wisconsin-4
William Henry Stevenson R
Wisconsin-3
Andrew John Biemiller D
Wisconsin-5
Frank Bateman Keefe R
Wisconsin-6
Reid Fred Murray R
Wisconsin-7
Merlin Hull P
Wisconsin-9
Lawrence Henry Smith R
Wisconsin-1
John William Byrnes R
Wisconsin-8
Alvin Edward O’Konski R
Wisconsin-10
Hubert Summers Ellis R
West Virginia-4
Erland Harold Hedrick D
West Virginia-6
John Kee D
West Virginia-5
Matthew Mansfield Neely D
West Virginia-1
Cleveland Monroe Bailey D
West Virginia-3
Jennings Randolph D
West Virginia-2
Frank Aloysius Barrett R
Wyoming-AL
legislative/lawsLaws enacted
+12,857Congress.gov ↗
Complete lists of public laws start with the 93rd Congress (Jan 3, 1973). Earlier years show notable and landmark acts only.
12,857 laws recorded · 38 landmark · 2,833 notable
Taft–Hartley Act landmark
Pub. L. 80-101 · Jun 23, 1947
National Security Act of 1947 landmark
Pub. L. 80-253 · Jul 26, 1947
Federal Aid Highway Act of 1956 landmark
Pub. L. 84-627 · Jun 29, 1956
Clean Air Act landmark
Pub. L. 88-206 · Dec 17, 1963
Civil Rights Act of 1964 landmark
Pub. L. 88-352 · Jul 2, 1964
Elementary and Secondary Education Act landmark
Pub. L. 89-10 · Apr 11, 1965
Social Security Amendments of 1965 landmark
Pub. L. 89-97 · Jul 30, 1965
Voting Rights Act of 1965 landmark
Pub. L. 89-110 · Aug 6, 1965
Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 landmark
Pub. L. 89-236 · Oct 3, 1965
Higher Education Act of 1965 landmark
Pub. L. 89-329 · Nov 8, 1965
Show 30 more notable laws
Freedom of Information Act landmark
Pub. L. 89-487 · Jul 4, 1966
Civil Rights Act of 1968 landmark
Pub. L. 90-284 · Apr 11, 1968
National Environmental Policy Act landmark
Pub. L. 91-190 · Jan 1, 1970
Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) landmark
Pub. L. 91-596 · Dec 29, 1970
Clean Water Act landmark
Pub. L. 92-500 · Oct 18, 1972
War Powers Resolution landmark
Pub. L. 93-148 · Nov 7, 1973
Endangered Species Act of 1973 landmark
Pub. L. 93-205 · Dec 28, 1973
Tax Reform Act of 1986 landmark
Pub. L. 99-514 · Oct 22, 1986
Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 (Simpson-Mazzoli Act) landmark
Pub. L. 99-603 · Nov 6, 1986
Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 landmark
Pub. L. 101-336 · Jul 26, 1990
Telecommunications Act of 1996 landmark
Pub. L. 104-104 · Feb 8, 1996
Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996 landmark
Pub. L. 104-193 · Aug 22, 1996
Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism (USA PATRIOT ACT) Act of 2001 landmark
Pub. L. 107-56 · Oct 26, 2001
No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 landmark
Pub. L. 107-110 · Jan 8, 2002
Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 landmark
Pub. L. 107-204 · Jul 30, 2002
Homeland Security Act of 2002 landmark
Pub. L. 107-296 · Nov 25, 2002
Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act of 2003 landmark
Pub. L. 108-173 · Dec 8, 2003
Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008 landmark
Pub. L. 110-343 · Oct 3, 2008
American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 landmark
Pub. L. 111-5 · Feb 17, 2009
Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act landmark
Pub. L. 111-148 · Mar 23, 2010
Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act landmark
Pub. L. 111-203 · Jul 21, 2010
Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 landmark
Pub. L. 115-97 · Dec 22, 2017
Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act landmark
Pub. L. 116-136 · Mar 27, 2020
American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 landmark
Pub. L. 117-2 · Mar 11, 2021
Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act landmark
Pub. L. 117-58 · Nov 15, 2021
CHIPS and Science Act or Creating Helpful Incentives to Produce Semiconductors for America Act landmark
Pub. L. 117-167 · Aug 9, 2022
Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 landmark
Pub. L. 117-169 · Aug 16, 2022
One Big Beautiful Bill Act landmark
Pub. L. 119-21 · Jul 4, 2025
Revenue Act of 1945
Pub. L. 79-214 · Nov 8, 1945
United Nations Participation Act
Pub. L. 79-264 · Dec 20, 1945

Judicial

judicial/supreme-courtThe Supreme Court
+9−8Federal Judicial Center ↗
Bench by appointing party: 8 D → 6 R · 3 D
Hugo Lafayette Black D
appointed by Franklin D. Roosevelt · 1937
Stanley Forman Reed D
appointed by Franklin D. Roosevelt · 1938
Felix Frankfurter D
appointed by Franklin D. Roosevelt · 1939
William Orville Douglas D
appointed by Franklin D. Roosevelt · 1939
Frank Murphy D
appointed by Franklin D. Roosevelt · 1940
Harlan Fiske Stone D
appointed by Franklin D. Roosevelt · 1941
Robert Houghwout Jackson D
appointed by Franklin D. Roosevelt · 1941
Wiley Blount Rutledge D
appointed by Franklin D. Roosevelt · 1943
Clarence Thomas R
appointed by George H.W. Bush · 1991
John Glover Roberts, Jr. R
appointed by George W. Bush · 2005
Samuel A. Alito, Jr. R
appointed by George W. Bush · 2006
Sonia Sotomayor D
appointed by Barack Obama · 2009
Elena Kagan D
appointed by Barack Obama · 2010
Neil M. Gorsuch R
appointed by Donald J. Trump · 2017
Brett M. Kavanaugh R
appointed by Donald J. Trump · 2018
Amy Coney Barrett R
appointed by Donald J. Trump · 2020
Ketanji Brown Jackson D
appointed by Joseph R. Biden · 2022
judicial/lower-courtsAppeals & district courts
+3,462Federal Judicial Center ↗
Courts of appeals (active judges): 40 D · 14 R → 92 R · 87 D
District courts (active judges): 128 D · 63 R · 1 N( · 1 N( → 373 D · 279 R
Harry S Truman D appointed 149 judges
4 Supreme Court · 27 appeals · 109 district · 9 other
None (reassignment) N( appointed 77 judges
34 appeals · 31 district · 12 other
Dwight D. Eisenhower R appointed 191 judges
5 Supreme Court · 45 appeals · 131 district · 10 other
John F. Kennedy D appointed 134 judges
2 Supreme Court · 21 appeals · 109 district · 2 other
None (assignment) N( appointed 1 judge
1 district
Lyndon B. Johnson D appointed 187 judges
2 Supreme Court · 40 appeals · 132 district · 13 other
Richard M. Nixon R appointed 239 judges
4 Supreme Court · 46 appeals · 182 district · 7 other
Gerald Ford R appointed 67 judges
1 Supreme Court · 11 appeals · 55 district
Jimmy Carter D appointed 267 judges
56 appeals · 208 district · 3 other
Ronald Reagan R appointed 387 judges
4 Supreme Court · 83 appeals · 294 district · 6 other
George H.W. Bush R appointed 194 judges
2 Supreme Court · 42 appeals · 149 district · 1 other
William J. Clinton D appointed 383 judges
2 Supreme Court · 66 appeals · 310 district · 5 other
George W. Bush R appointed 328 judges
2 Supreme Court · 61 appeals · 263 district · 2 other
Barack Obama D appointed 330 judges
2 Supreme Court · 55 appeals · 269 district · 4 other
Donald J. Trump R appointed 293 judges
3 Supreme Court · 64 appeals · 222 district · 4 other
Joseph R. Biden D appointed 235 judges
1 Supreme Court · 45 appeals · 187 district · 2 other
7 circuits flipped majority
Second Circuit 2 D · 4 R (R majority)
Second Circuit 7 D · 6 R (D majority)
Third Circuit 4 D · 0 R (D majority)
Third Circuit 6 D · 8 R (R majority)
Fourth Circuit 1 D · 2 R (R majority)
Fourth Circuit 9 D · 6 R (D majority)
Fifth Circuit 4 D · 2 R (D majority)
Fifth Circuit 5 D · 12 R (R majority)
Sixth Circuit 4 D · 2 R (D majority)
Sixth Circuit 6 D · 10 R (R majority)
Seventh Circuit 4 D · 1 R (D majority)
Seventh Circuit 5 D · 6 R (R majority)
Eighth Circuit 5 D · 2 R (D majority)
Eighth Circuit 1 D · 10 R (R majority)
D and R describe the party of the appointing president, not the judge. Active service ends when a judge takes senior status.
judicial/rulingsSupreme Court decisions
+8,350Supreme Court Database ↗
8,350 argued decisions · 30 landmark
United States v. Lovett
328 U.S. 303 · Jun 3, 1946 · Decided 7–0 · First Amendment · Affirmed · Declared federal law unconstitutional
Halliburton Oil Well Cementing Co. v. Walker
329 U.S. 1 · Nov 18, 1946 · Decided 8–1 · Economic Activity · Reversed · Overruled precedent
Macgregor v. Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Co.
329 U.S. 402 · Jan 6, 1947 · Decided 5–4 · Economic Activity · Reversed and remanded · Overruled precedent
Angel v. Bullington
330 U.S. 183 · Feb 17, 1947 · Decided 6–3 · Judicial Power · Reversed · Overruled precedent
Shelley v. Kraemer
334 U.S. 1 · May 3, 1948 · Decided 6–0 · Civil Rights · Reversed
Sherrer v. Sherrer
334 U.S. 343 · Jun 7, 1948 · Decided 7–2 · Due Process · Reversed · Overruled precedent
Lincoln Federal Labor Union v. Northwestern Iron & Metal Co.
335 U.S. 525 · Jan 3, 1949 · Decided 9–0 · Unions · Affirmed · Overruled precedent
Commissioner of Internal Revenue v. Estate of Church
335 U.S. 632 · Jan 17, 1949 · Decided 6–3 · Federal Taxation · Reversed · Overruled precedent
Ott v. Mississippi Valley Barge Line Co.
336 U.S. 169 · Feb 7, 1949 · Decided 8–1 · Economic Activity · Reversed · Overruled precedent
Oklahoma Tax Commission v. Texas Company
336 U.S. 342 · Mar 7, 1949 · Decided 9–0 · Federalism · Reversed and remanded · Overruled precedent
Show 20 more
Cosmopolitan Shipping Co. v. McAllister
Jun 27, 1949 · Decided 5–4 · Economic Activity · Reversed · Overruled precedent
United States v. Rabinowitz
Feb 20, 1950 · Decided 5–3 · Criminal Procedure · Reversed · Overruled precedent
Darr v. Burford
Apr 3, 1950 · Decided 5–3 · Judicial Power · Affirmed · Overruled precedent
Standard Oil Co. v. Peck
Feb 4, 1952 · Decided 7–2 · Economic Activity · Reversed · Overruled precedent · Struck down state law
Joseph Burstyn, Inc. v. Wilson
May 26, 1952 · Decided 9–0 · First Amendment · Reversed · Overruled precedent · Struck down state law
Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. v. Sawyer
Jun 2, 1952 · Decided 6–3 · Miscellaneous · Affirmed
United States v. Cardiff
Dec 8, 1952 · Decided 8–1 · Due Process · Affirmed · Declared federal law unconstitutional
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka
May 17, 1954 · Decided 9–0 · Civil Rights · Overruled precedent · Struck down state law
Bolling v. Sharpe
May 17, 1954 · Decided 9–0 · Civil Rights · Declared federal law unconstitutional
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka
May 31, 1955 · Decided 9–0 · Civil Rights · Reversed and remanded
Carroll v. Lanza
Jun 6, 1955 · Decided 6–3 · Federalism · Reversed · Overruled precedent
United States ex rel. Toth v. Quarles
Nov 7, 1955 · Decided 6–3 · Civil Rights · Reversed · Declared federal law unconstitutional
Reid v. Covert
Jun 10, 1957 · Decided 6–2 · Civil Rights · Affirmed · Overruled precedent · Declared federal law unconstitutional
Vanderbilt v. Vanderbilt
Jun 24, 1957 · Decided 6–2 · Due Process · Affirmed · Overruled precedent
Trop v. Dulles
Mar 31, 1958 · Decided 5–4 · Civil Rights · Reversed and remanded · Declared federal law unconstitutional
Cooper v. Aaron
Sep 12, 1958 · Decided 9–0 · Civil Rights · Affirmed
Ladner v. United States
Dec 15, 1958 · Decided 8–1 · Criminal Procedure · Reversed and remanded · Overruled precedent
Kinsella v. United States ex rel. Singleton
Jan 18, 1960 · Decided 7–2 · Civil Rights · Affirmed · Declared federal law unconstitutional
Grisham v. Hagan
Jan 18, 1960 · Decided 7–2 · Civil Rights · Reversed · Declared federal law unconstitutional
McElroy v. United States ex rel. Guagliardo
Jan 18, 1960 · Decided 5–4 · Civil Rights · Affirmed · Declared federal law unconstitutional
Landmark means the Court overruled precedent, struck down a federal law, or the case is on a curated landmark list.

Fiscal

fiscal/budgetThe federal budget
+861% real spendingOMB Historical Tables ↗
Fiscal year 1946 → fiscal year 2025 · inflation-adjusted with the GDP price index
Spending $55.2B
FY1946
Spending $7.01T
FY2025 · +12594% nominal · +861% after inflation
Revenue $39.3B
FY1946
Revenue $5.24T
FY2025 · +13226% nominal · +909% after inflation
Surplus / deficit −$15.9B
FY1946
Surplus / deficit −$1.77T
FY2025 · −$1.76T
Spending, % of GDP 24.2%
FY1946
Spending, % of GDP 23.1%
FY2025 · −1.1 pts
Debt held by the public, % of GDP 106.1%
FY1946
Debt held by the public, % of GDP 99.5%
FY2025 · −6.6 pts
Spending by function · real change
Social Security
$358M → $1.58T · +33317%
Health
$201M → $979B · +36745%
Net interest
$4.1B → $970B · +1686%
National Defense
$42.7B → $916B · +62%
Income Security
$2.4B → $702B · +2127%
Veterans Benefits and Services
$2.5B → $377B · +1058%
Transportation
$2.0B → $145B · +458%
Natural Resources and Environment
$482M → $89.8B · +1311%
Administration of Justice
$176M → $83.1B · +3475%
Community and Regional Development
$200M → $82.4B · +3017%
Education, Training, Employment, and Social Services
$85M → $72.0B · +6315%
Agriculture
$610M → $47.4B · +489%
International Affairs
$1.9B → $45.2B · +77%
General Science, Space, and Technology
$34M → $42.0B · +9242%
General Government
$825M → $40.5B · +272%
Energy
$41M → $20.8B · +3733%
A fiscal year still in progress has no actual figures yet, so the latest completed year is shown.
fiscal/debtTotal public debt outstanding
+$40.1TTreasury Fiscal Data ↗
$259B
as of Jun 30, 1945
$40.3T
as of Oct 13, 2026

Constitution & Union

constitution/amendmentsAmendments & statehood
+8National Archives ↗
21 → 27 amendments in force · 48 → 50 states
Amendment XXII Presidential term limits
ratified Feb 27, 1951 · Limits a president to two elected terms.
Amendment XXIII Electoral votes for Washington, D.C.
ratified Mar 29, 1961 · Grants the District of Columbia electors in presidential elections.
Amendment XXIV Abolition of poll taxes in federal elections
ratified Jan 23, 1964 · Prohibits poll taxes in federal elections.
Amendment XXV Presidential succession and disability
ratified Feb 10, 1967 · Procedures for presidential succession, vice-presidential vacancies, and incapacity.
Amendment XXVI Voting age lowered to 18
ratified Jul 1, 1971 · Prohibits denying the vote to citizens 18 or older on account of age.
Amendment XXVII Congressional pay changes
ratified May 7, 1992 · Delays congressional pay changes until after the next House election. Proposed in 1789.
Alaska joins the Union
admitted Jan 3, 1959
Hawaii joins the Union
admitted Aug 21, 1959

Log

logEverything in between
539 events
Harold Hitz Burton — Associate Justice · 1945-09-22United States v. Lovett · 1946-06-03Frederick Moore Vinson — Chief Justice · 1946-06-21Halliburton Oil Well Cementing Co. v. Walker · 1946-11-18Macgregor v. Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Co. · 1947-01-06Angel v. Bullington · 1947-02-17Taft–Hartley Act · 1947-06-23National Security Act of 1947 · 1947-07-26United States Department of War · 1947-09-18National Military Establishment · 1947-09-18Shelley v. Kraemer · 1948-05-03Sherrer v. Sherrer · 1948-06-07Lincoln Federal Labor Union v. Northwestern Iron & Metal Co. · 1949-01-03Commissioner of Internal Revenue v. Estate of Church · 1949-01-17Harry S. Truman takes office · 1949-01-20Ott v. Mississippi Valley Barge Line Co. · 1949-02-07Oklahoma Tax Commission v. Texas Company · 1949-03-07Cosmopolitan Shipping Co. v. McAllister · 1949-06-27National Military Establishment · 1949-08-10United States Department of Defense · 1949-08-10Tom C. Clark — Associate Justice · 1949-08-19Sherman Minton — Associate Justice · 1949-10-05United States v. Rabinowitz · 1950-02-20Darr v. Burford · 1950-04-03Korean War · 1950-06-27Puerto Rican Nationalist uprising · 1950-10-30Puerto Rican Nationalist uprising · 1950-11-02Presidential term limits · 1951-02-27Standard Oil Co. v. Peck · 1952-02-04Joseph Burstyn, Inc. v. Wilson · 1952-05-26Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. v. Sawyer · 1952-06-02United States v. Cardiff · 1952-12-08Dwight David Eisenhower takes office · 1953-01-20United States Department of Health, Education, and Welfare · 1953-04-11Korean War · 1953-07-28Earl Warren — Chief Justice · 1954-03-20Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka · 1954-05-17Bolling v. Sharpe · 1954-05-17Taiwan Strait crisis · 1954-12-31Taiwan Strait crisis · 1955-01-01John Marshall Harlan — Associate Justice · 1955-03-17Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka · 1955-05-31Carroll v. Lanza · 1955-06-06United States ex rel. Toth v. Quarles · 1955-11-07Federal Aid Highway Act of 1956 · 1956-06-29Dwight David Eisenhower takes office · 1957-01-20William Joseph Brennan, Jr. — Associate Justice · 1957-03-21Charles Evans Whittaker — Associate Justice · 1957-03-22Reid v. Covert · 1957-06-10Vanderbilt v. Vanderbilt · 1957-06-24Trop v. Dulles · 1958-03-31Cooper v. Aaron · 1958-09-12Ladner v. United States · 1958-12-15Taiwan Strait crisis · 1958-12-31Taiwan Strait crisis · 1959-01-01Alaska · 1959-01-03Potter Stewart — Associate Justice · 1959-05-07Hawaii · 1959-08-21Kinsella v. United States ex rel. Singleton · 1960-01-18Grisham v. Hagan · 1960-01-18McElroy v. United States ex rel. Guagliardo · 1960-01-18United States v. Raines · 1960-02-29Elkins v. United States · 1960-06-27John Fitzgerald Kennedy takes office · 1961-01-20Electoral votes for Washington, D.C. · 1961-03-29Bay of Pigs invasion · 1961-04-17Bay of Pigs invasion · 1961-04-21James v. United States · 1961-05-15Mapp v. Ohio · 1961-06-19Vietnam: South Vietnam vs. the Viet Cong · 1962-01-01Baker v. Carr · 1962-03-26Byron Raymond White — Associate Justice · 1962-04-12Engel v. Vitale · 1962-06-25Arthur Joseph Goldberg — Associate Justice · 1962-09-28Smith v. Evening News Association · 1962-12-10Local No. 438 Construction & General Laborers' Union v. Curry · 1963-01-21Kennedy v. Mendoza-Martinez · 1963-02-18Gideon v. Wainwright · 1963-03-18Gray v. Sanders · 1963-03-18Fay v. Noia · 1963-03-18Ferguson v. Skrupa · 1963-04-22School District of Abington Township v. Schempp · 1963-06-17Lyndon Baines Johnson takes office · 1963-11-22Clean Air Act · 1963-12-17Laotian Civil War · 1963-12-31Abolition of poll taxes in federal elections · 1964-01-23Wesberry v. Sanders · 1964-02-17New York Times Co. v. Sullivan · 1964-03-09Schneider v. Rusk · 1964-05-18Reynolds v. Sims · 1964-06-15Malloy v. Hogan · 1964-06-15Murphy v. Waterfront Commission of New York Harbor · 1964-06-15Jackson v. Denno · 1964-06-22Escobedo v. Illinois · 1964-06-22Aptheker v. Secretary of State · 1964-06-22Civil Rights Act of 1964 · 1964-07-02Gulf of Tonkin Resolution · 1964-08-10McLaughlin v. Florida · 1964-12-07Heart of Atlanta Motel, Inc. v. United States · 1964-12-14Vietnam: South Vietnam vs. the Viet Cong · 1965-01-01Lyndon Baines Johnson takes office · 1965-01-20Pointer v. Texas · 1965-04-05Elementary and Secondary Education Act · 1965-04-11Lamont v. Postmaster General · 1965-05-24United States v. Brown · 1965-06-07Griswold v. Connecticut · 1965-06-07Social Security Amendments of 1965 · 1965-07-30Voting Rights Act of 1965 · 1965-08-06Abe Fortas — Associate Justice · 1965-08-11United States Department of Housing and Urban Development · 1965-09-09Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 · 1965-10-03Higher Education Act of 1965 · 1965-11-08Albertson v. Subversive Activities Control Board · 1965-11-15Swift & Co., Inc. v. Wickham · 1965-11-22United States v. Romano · 1965-11-22Harris v. United States · 1965-12-06Vietnam War · 1965-12-31South Carolina v. Katzenbach · 1966-03-07Harper v. Virginia Board of Elections · 1966-03-24Miranda v. Arizona · 1966-06-13Freedom of Information Act · 1966-07-04United States Department of Transportation · 1966-10-15Spevack v. Klein · 1967-01-16Keyishian v. Board of Regents of the University of the State of New York · 1967-01-23Presidential succession and disability · 1967-02-10Afroyim v. Rusk · 1967-05-29Warden v. Hayden · 1967-05-29Camara v. Municipal Court of the City and County of San Francisco · 1967-06-05Loving v. Virginia · 1967-06-12Berger v. New York · 1967-06-12Thurgood Marshall — Associate Justice · 1967-08-30United States v. Robel · 1967-12-11Katz v. United States · 1967-12-18Marchetti v. United States · 1968-01-29Grosso v. United States · 1968-01-29Haynes v. United States · 1968-01-29United States v. Jackson · 1968-04-08Civil Rights Act of 1968 · 1968-04-11Peyton v. Rowe · 1968-05-20Bruton v. United States · 1968-05-20Duncan v. Louisiana · 1968-05-20Carafas v. Lavallee · 1968-05-20Terry v. Ohio · 1968-06-10Lee v. Florida · 1968-06-17Jones v. Alfred H. Mayer Co. · 1968-06-17Richard Milhous Nixon takes office · 1969-01-20Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District · 1969-02-24Moore v. Ogilvie · 1969-05-05Leary v. United States · 1969-05-19O'Callahan v. Parker · 1969-06-02Brandenburg v. Ohio · 1969-06-09Lear, Inc. v. Adkins · 1969-06-16Warren Earl Burger — Chief Justice · 1969-06-23Chimel v. California · 1969-06-23Benton v. Maryland · 1969-06-23Cambodian Civil War · 1970-01-01National Environmental Policy Act · 1970-01-01Turner v. United States · 1970-01-20Ashe v. Swenson · 1970-04-06Harry Andrew Blackmun — Associate Justice · 1970-05-14Schacht v. United States · 1970-05-25Boys Markets, Inc. v. Retail Clerks Union · 1970-06-01Price v. Georgia · 1970-06-15Moragne v. States Marine Lines, Inc. · 1970-06-15Williams v. Florida · 1970-06-22Oregon v. Mitchell · 1970-12-21Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) · 1970-12-29Gulf of Tonkin Resolution repealed · 1971-01-12Blount v. Rizzi · 1971-01-14United States v. United States Coin & Currency · 1971-04-05Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education · 1971-04-20Blonder-Tongue Laboratories, Inc. v. University of Illinois Foundation · 1971-05-03Perez v. Campbell · 1971-06-01Griffin v. Breckenridge · 1971-06-07Lemon v. Kurtzman · 1971-06-28Tilton v. Richardson · 1971-06-28New York Times Co. v. United States · 1971-06-30United States Post Office Department · 1971-07-01Voting age lowered to 18 · 1971-07-01Lewis Franklin Powell, Jr. — Associate Justice · 1971-12-09William Hubbs Rehnquist — Associate Justice · 1971-12-15Dunn v. Blumstein · 1972-03-21Illinois v. City of Milwaukee · 1972-04-24Andrews v. Louisville & Nashville Railroad Co. · 1972-05-15Furman v. Georgia · 1972-06-29Clean Water Act · 1972-10-18Richard Milhous Nixon takes office · 1973-01-20Roe v. Wade · 1973-01-22Lehnhausen v. Lake Shore Auto Parts Co. · 1973-02-22Braden v. 30th Judicial Circuit Court of Kentucky · 1973-02-28Vietnam War · 1973-03-30Frontiero v. Richardson · 1973-05-14Miller v. California · 1973-06-21United States Department of Agriculture v. Murry · 1973-06-25United States Department of Agriculture v. Moreno · 1973-06-25Laotian Civil War · 1973-09-15War Powers Resolution · 1973-11-07War Powers Resolution · 1973-11-07North Dakota State Board of Pharmacy v. Snyder's Drug Stores, Inc. · 1973-12-05Endangered Species Act of 1973 · 1973-12-28Cambodian Civil War · 1974-01-01Edelman v. Jordan · 1974-03-25Mitchell v. W. T. Grant Co. · 1974-05-13Jimenez v. Weinberger · 1974-06-19United States v. Nixon · 1974-07-24Gerald Rudolph Ford Jr. takes office · 1974-08-09Taylor v. Louisiana · 1975-01-21Weinberger v. Wiesenfeld · 1975-03-19United States v. Reliable Transfer Co., Inc. · 1975-05-19John Paul Stevens — Associate Justice · 1975-12-17Michelin Tire Corp. v. Wages · 1976-01-14Buckley v. Valeo · 1976-01-30Hudgens v. National Labor Relations Board · 1976-03-03Virginia State Board of Pharmacy v. Virginia Citizens Consumer Council, Inc. · 1976-05-24Hampton v. Mow Sun Wong · 1976-06-01National League of Cities v. Usery · 1976-06-24Lodge 76 v. Wisconsin Employment Relations Commission · 1976-06-25City of New Orleans v. Dukes · 1976-06-25Gregg v. Georgia · 1976-07-02Craig v. Boren · 1976-12-20Oregon ex rel. State Land Board v. Corvallis Sand & Gravel Co. · 1977-01-12James Earl Carter takes office · 1977-01-20Califano v. Goldfarb · 1977-03-02Complete Auto Transit, Inc. v. Brady · 1977-03-07Continental T.V., Inc. v. GTE Sylvania Inc. · 1977-06-23Wainwright v. Sykes · 1977-06-23Shaffer v. Heitner · 1977-06-24United States Department of Energy · 1977-08-04Department of Revenue of Washington v. Association of Washington Stevedoring Companies · 1978-04-26Marshall v. Barlow's, Inc. · 1978-05-23Monell v. Department of Social Services of the City of New York · 1978-06-06Burks v. United States · 1978-06-14United States v. Scott · 1978-06-14Regents of the University of California v. Bakke · 1978-06-26Duren v. Missouri · 1979-01-09Hughes v. Oklahoma · 1979-04-24Califano v. Westcott · 1979-06-25United States Department of Education · 1979-10-17Trammel v. United States · 1980-02-27United States Department of Health, Education, and Welfare · 1980-05-04United States Department of Health and Human Services · 1980-05-04United States v. Salvucci · 1980-06-25Thomas v. Washington Gas Light Co. · 1980-06-27United States v. Will · 1980-12-15Ronald Wilson Reagan takes office · 1981-01-20Commonwealth Edison Co. v. Montana · 1981-07-02Sandra Day O'Connor — Associate Justice · 1981-09-22Railway Labor Executives' Assn. v. Gibbons · 1982-03-02United States v. Ross · 1982-06-01Northern Pipeline Construction Co. v. Marathon Pipe Line Co. · 1982-06-28Sporhase v. Nebraska ex rel. Douglas · 1982-07-02Lebanese Civil War (Multinational Force) · 1983-01-01United States v. Grace · 1983-04-20Bob Jones University v. United States · 1983-05-24Illinois v. Gates · 1983-06-08Immigration and Naturalization Service v. Chadha · 1983-06-23Bolger v. Youngs Drug Products Corp. · 1983-06-24Michigan v. Long · 1983-07-06Multinational Force in Lebanon Resolution · 1983-10-12Invasion of Grenada · 1983-10-25Invasion of Grenada · 1983-10-28Pennhurst State School and Hospital v. Halderman · 1984-01-23United States v. One Assortment of 89 Firearms · 1984-02-22Limbach v. Hooven & Allison Co. · 1984-04-18Copperweld Corp. v. Independence Tube Corp. · 1984-06-19Chevron U. S. A. Inc. v. Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc. · 1984-06-25Federal Communications Commission v. League of Women Voters of California · 1984-07-02Regan v. Time, Inc. · 1984-07-03Lebanese Civil War (Multinational Force) · 1985-01-01Ronald Wilson Reagan takes office · 1985-01-20Garcia v. San Antonio Metropolitan Transit Authority · 1985-02-19Federal Election Commission v. National Conservative Political Action Committee · 1985-03-18United States v. Miller · 1985-04-01Aguilar v. Felton · 1985-07-01Daniels v. Williams · 1986-01-21United States v. Lane · 1986-01-27Batson v. Kentucky · 1986-04-30Bowsher v. Synar · 1986-07-07William Hubbs Rehnquist — Chief Justice · 1986-09-25Antonin Scalia — Associate Justice · 1986-09-25Tax Reform Act of 1986 · 1986-10-22Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 (Simpson-Mazzoli Act) · 1986-11-06Federal Election Commission v. Massachusetts Citizens for Life, Inc. · 1986-12-15Hodel v. Irving · 1987-05-18Puerto Rico v. Branstad · 1987-06-23Tyler Pipe Industries, Inc. v. Washington State Department of Revenue · 1987-06-23Solorio v. United States · 1987-06-25Welch v. Texas Department of Highways and Public Transportation · 1987-06-25Anthony McLeod Kennedy — Associate Justice · 1988-02-11Gulfstream Aerospace Corporation v. Mayacamas Corporation · 1988-03-22Boos v. Marion S. Barry, Jr. · 1988-03-22South Carolina v. Baker · 1988-04-20Morrison v. Olson · 1988-06-27George Herbert Walker Bush takes office · 1989-01-20United States Department of Veterans Affairs · 1989-03-15Thornburgh v. Abbott · 1989-05-15Rodriguez de Quijas v. Shearson/American Express, Inc. · 1989-05-15Alabama v. Smith · 1989-06-12Healy v. The Beer Institute · 1989-06-19Texas v. Johnson · 1989-06-21Sable Communications of California, Inc. v. Federal Communications Commission · 1989-06-23Invasion of Panama · 1989-12-23Invasion of Panama · 1989-12-24W. S. Kirkpatrick & Co., Inc. v. Environmental Tectonics Corp. · 1990-01-17United States v. Shawn D. Eichman · 1990-06-11Collins v. Youngblood · 1990-06-21Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 · 1990-07-26David Hackett Souter — Associate Justice · 1990-10-03Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Iraq · 1991-01-14Gulf War · 1991-01-17Gulf War · 1991-03-02Arizona v. Fulminante · 1991-03-26California v. Acevedo · 1991-05-30Exxon Corporation v. Central Gulf Lines, Inc. · 1991-06-03Metropolitan Washington Airports Authority v. Citizens for the Abatement of Aircraft Noise, Inc. · 1991-06-17Coleman v. Thompson · 1991-06-24Pervis Tyrone Payne v. Tennessee · 1991-06-27Clarence Thomas — Associate Justice · 1991-10-18J. C. Keeney v. Tamayo-Reyes · 1992-05-04Congressional pay changes · 1992-05-07Quill Corporation v. North Dakota by and Through Its Tax Commissioner · 1992-05-26New York v. United States · 1992-06-19Planned Parenthood of Southeastern Pennsylvania v. Casey · 1992-06-29William Jefferson Clinton takes office · 1993-01-20United States v. Dixon · 1993-06-28Ruth Bader Ginsburg — Associate Justice · 1993-08-05Nichols v. United States · 1994-06-06Director v. Greenwich Collieries · 1994-06-20Stephen Gerald Breyer — Associate Justice · 1994-08-03United States v. National Treasury Employees Union · 1995-02-22Ed Plaut v. Spendthrift Farm, Inc. · 1995-04-18Rubin v. Coors Brewing Company · 1995-04-19United States v. Alfonso Lopez, Jr. · 1995-04-26Hubbard v. United States · 1995-05-15U.S. Term Limits, Inc. v. Ray Thornton · 1995-05-22Adarand Constructors, Inc. v. Federico Pena · 1995-06-12United States v. Gaudin · 1995-06-19Telecommunications Act of 1996 · 1996-02-08Fulton Corporation v. Janice H. Faulkner · 1996-02-21Seminole Tribe of Florida v. Florida · 1996-03-27Inc. v. Rhode Island and Rhode Island Liquor Stores Association · 1996-05-13United States v. International Business Machines Corporation · 1996-06-10Lewis v. Fletcher Casey, Jr. · 1996-06-24Colorado Republican Federal Campaign Committee and Douglas Jones v. Federal Election Commission · 1996-06-26Denver Area Educational Telecommunications Consortium, Inc. v. Federal Communications Commission · 1996-06-28Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996 · 1996-08-22William Jefferson Clinton takes office · 1997-01-20Babbitt v. Marvin K. Youpee, Sr. · 1997-01-21Clinton v. Paula Corbin Jones · 1997-05-27Rachel Agostini v. Betty-Louise Felton · 1997-06-23City of Boerne v. P. F. Flores · 1997-06-25Reno v. American Civil Liberties Union · 1997-06-26Jay Printz v. United States · 1997-06-27State Oil Company v. Barkat U. Khan and Khan & Associates, Inc. · 1997-11-04Hudson v. United States · 1997-12-10C. Elvin Feltner, Jr. v. Columbia Pictures Television, Inc. · 1998-03-31United States v. United States Shoe Corporation · 1998-03-31Arnold F. Hohn v. United States · 1998-06-15United States v. Hosep Krikor Bajakajian · 1998-06-22Clinton v. City of New York · 1998-06-25Eastern Enterprises v. Apfel · 1998-06-25Kosovo War · 1999-03-24Minnesota v. Mille Lacs Band of Chippewa Indians · 1999-03-24Greater New Orleans Broadcasting Association, Inc. v. United States · 1999-06-14Florida Prepaid Postsecondary Education Expense Board v. College Savings Bank and United States · 1999-06-23College Savings Bank v. Florida Prepaid Postsecondary Education Expense Board · 1999-06-23Alden v. Maine · 1999-06-23Kosovo War · 1999-11-22J. Daniel Kimel, Jr. v. Florida Board of Regents · 2000-01-11United States v. Morrison · 2000-05-15United States v. Playboy Entertainment Group, Inc. · 2000-05-22Dickerson v. United States · 2000-06-26Guy Mitchell v. Helms · 2000-06-28Bush v. Gore · 2000-12-12George Walker Bush takes office · 2001-01-20Board of Trustees of the University of Alabama v. Garrett · 2001-02-21Legal Services Corporation v. Carmen Velazquez · 2001-02-28United States v. Hatter · 2001-05-21United States and Department of Agriculture v. United Foods, Inc. · 2001-06-25War against al-Qaida · 2001-09-11Authorization for Use of Military Force (2001) · 2001-09-18Invasion of Afghanistan · 2001-10-07Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism (USA PATRIOT ACT) Act of 2001 · 2001-10-26Invasion of Afghanistan · 2001-11-14No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 · 2002-01-08Ashcroft v. The Free Speech Coalition · 2002-04-16Tommy G. Thompson v. Western States Medical Center · 2002-04-29Lapides v. Board of Regents of the University System of Georgia · 2002-05-13United States v. Cotton · 2002-05-20Daryl Renard Atkins v. Virginia · 2002-06-20Ring v. Arizona · 2002-06-24Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 · 2002-07-30Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Iraq (2002) · 2002-10-16United States Department of Homeland Security · 2002-11-25Homeland Security Act of 2002 · 2002-11-25War in Afghanistan (Taliban insurgency) · 2003-01-01Invasion of Iraq · 2003-03-23Invasion of Iraq · 2003-04-29Grutter v. Lee Bollinger · 2003-06-23Lawrence v. Texas · 2003-06-26Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act of 2003 · 2003-12-08Mitch McConnell v. Federal Election Commission · 2003-12-10Iraq: insurgency and war against IS · 2004-01-18Crawford v. Washington · 2004-03-08Hamdi v. Rumsfeld · 2004-06-28United States v. Freddie J. Booker · 2005-01-12George Walker Bush takes office · 2005-01-20Roper v. Simmons · 2005-03-01Susette Kelo v. City of New London · 2005-06-23John Glover Roberts, Jr. — Chief Justice · 2005-09-29Central Virginia Community College v. Katz · 2006-01-23Samuel A. Alito, Jr. — Associate Justice · 2006-01-31Illinois Tool Works Inc. v. Independent Ink, Inc. · 2006-03-01Salim Ahmed Hamdan v. Rumsfeld · 2006-06-29Massachusetts v. Environmental Protection Agency · 2007-04-02Alberto R. Gonzales v. Leroy Carhart · 2007-04-18Bell Atlantic Corporation v. Twombly · 2007-05-21Bowles v. Russell · 2007-06-14Federal Election Commission v. Wisconsin Right to Life, Inc. · 2007-06-25Parents Involved in Community Schools v. Seattle School District No. 1 · 2007-06-28Leegin Creative Leather Products, Inc. v. PSKS, Inc. · 2007-06-28Boumediene v. Bush · 2008-06-12District of Columbia v. Heller · 2008-06-26Davis v. FEC · 2008-06-26Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008 · 2008-10-03Yemen: Houthis and AQAP · 2009-01-01Barack Hussein Obama takes office · 2009-01-20Cordell Pearson v. Afton Callahan · 2009-01-21American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 · 2009-02-17Montejo v. Louisiana · 2009-05-26Sonia Sotomayor — Associate Justice · 2009-08-06Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission · 2010-01-21Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act · 2010-03-23United States v. Stevens · 2010-04-20Free Enterprise Fund and Beckstead and Watts v. Public Company Accounting Oversight Board · 2010-06-28Otis McDonald v. City of Chicago · 2010-06-28Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act · 2010-07-21Elena Kagan — Associate Justice · 2010-08-06Pepper v. United States · 2011-03-02Bond v. United States · 2011-06-16Stern v. Elaine T. Marshall · 2011-06-23Iraq: insurgency and war against IS · 2011-12-19Hosanna-Tabor Evangelical Lutheran Church and School v. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission · 2012-01-11Coleman v. Court of Appeals of Maryland · 2012-03-20United States v. Xavier Alvarez · 2012-06-28National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius · 2012-06-28Barack Hussein Obama takes office · 2013-01-20Alleyne v. United States · 2013-06-17Agency for International Development v. Alliance for Open Society International, Inc. · 2013-06-20Shelby County v. Holder · 2013-06-25United States v. Windsor · 2013-06-26McCutcheon v. FEC · 2014-04-02Iraq: insurgency and war against IS · 2014-08-08Yemen: Houthis and AQAP · 2015-01-01Somalia: al-Shabaab · 2015-01-01Afghanistan: Islamic State · 2015-03-03Zivotofsky v. Kerry · 2015-06-08Horne v. Department of Agriculture · 2015-06-22King v. Burwell · 2015-06-25Johnson v. United States · 2015-06-26Obergefell v. Hodges · 2015-06-26Libya: Islamic State · 2016-01-01Hurst v. Florida · 2016-01-12Niger: Islamic State · 2017-01-01Donald J. Trump takes office · 2017-01-20Neil M. Gorsuch — Associate Justice · 2017-04-08Sessions v. Morales-Santana · 2017-06-12Matal v. Tam · 2017-06-19War against al-Qaida · 2017-12-05Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 · 2017-12-22Sessions v. Dimaya · 2018-04-17Murphy v. National Collegiate Athletic Association · 2018-05-14South Dakota v. Wayfair · 2018-06-21Trump v. Hawaii · 2018-06-26Janus v. American Federation of State · 2018-06-27Brett M. Kavanaugh — Associate Justice · 2018-10-06Kenya: al-Shabaab · 2019-01-01Franchise Tax Board of California v. Hyatt · 2019-05-13Herrera v. Wyoming · 2019-05-20Somalia: Islamic State · 2019-06-04Knick v. Township of Scott · 2019-06-21Iancu v. Brunetti · 2019-06-24United States v. Davis · 2019-06-24United States v. Haymond · 2019-06-26Rucho v. Common Cause · 2019-06-27War against al-Qaida · 2019-07-31War against al-Qaida · 2019-09-08Libya: Islamic State · 2019-09-30Iran–Israel conflict · 2020-01-01Allen v. Cooper · 2020-03-23Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act · 2020-03-27Ramos v. Louisiana · 2020-04-20Bostock v. Clayton County · 2020-06-15Seila Law LLC v. Consumer Financial Protection Bureau · 2020-06-29Barr v. American Association of Political Consultants Inc. · 2020-07-06Amy Coney Barrett — Associate Justice · 2020-10-26Joseph Robinette Biden Jr. takes office · 2021-01-20American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 · 2021-03-11Edwards v. Vannoy · 2021-05-17United States v. Arthrex Inc. · 2021-06-21Collins v. Yellen · 2021-06-23War in Afghanistan (Taliban insurgency) · 2021-08-31Afghanistan: Islamic State · 2021-08-31Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act · 2021-11-15Niger: JNIM · 2021-12-09Somalia: Islamic State · 2021-12-20Kenya: al-Shabaab · 2022-01-01Ketanji Brown Jackson — Associate Justice · 2022-04-08Federal Election Commission v. Ted Cruz for Senate · 2022-05-16Shinn v. Ramirez · 2022-05-23Siegel v. Fitzgerald · 2022-06-06New York State Rifle & Pistol Association Inc. v. Bruen · 2022-06-23Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization · 2022-06-24Kennedy v. Bremerton School District · 2022-06-27West Virginia v. Environmental Protection Agency · 2022-06-30CHIPS and Science Act or Creating Helpful Incentives to Produce Semiconductors for America Act · 2022-08-09Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 · 2022-08-16Niger: JNIM · 2023-01-01Niger: Islamic State · 2023-01-01Allen v. Milligan · 2023-06-08Students for Fair Admissions Inc. v. President & Fellows of Harvard College · 2023-06-29Biden v. Nebraska · 2023-06-30Red Sea: the Houthis (Yemen) · 2024-02-03Trump v. Anderson · 2024-03-04Securities and Exchange Commission v. Jarkesy · 2024-06-27Loper Bright Enterprises v. Raimondo · 2024-06-28Trump v. United States · 2024-07-01Syria: Islamic State · 2025-01-01Nigeria: Islamic State · 2025-01-01Donald J. Trump takes office · 2025-01-20Somalia: Islamic State · 2025-02-01United States v. Skrmetti · 2025-06-18Trump v. Casa, Inc. · 2025-06-27One Big Beautiful Bill Act · 2025-07-04Learning Resources v. Trump · 2026-02-20Louisiana v. Callais · 2026-04-29Cisco Systems v. Doe · 2026-06-23Trump v. Slaughter · 2026-06-29National Republican Senatorial Committee v. Federal Election Commission · 2026-06-3019501960197019801990200020102020
  1. justiceHarold Hitz Burton — Associate Justice
  2. rulingUnited States v. Lovett
  3. justiceFrederick Moore Vinson — Chief Justice
  4. rulingHalliburton Oil Well Cementing Co. v. Walker
  5. rulingMacgregor v. Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Co.
  6. rulingAngel v. Bullington
  7. lawTaft–Hartley Act
  8. lawNational Security Act of 1947
  9. agency−United States Department of War
  10. agency+National Military Establishment
  11. rulingShelley v. Kraemer
  12. rulingSherrer v. Sherrer
  13. rulingLincoln Federal Labor Union v. Northwestern Iron & Metal Co.
  14. rulingCommissioner of Internal Revenue v. Estate of Church
  15. presidentHarry S. Truman takes office
  16. rulingOtt v. Mississippi Valley Barge Line Co.
  17. rulingOklahoma Tax Commission v. Texas Company
  18. rulingCosmopolitan Shipping Co. v. McAllister
  19. agency−National Military Establishment
  20. agency+United States Department of Defense
  21. justiceTom C. Clark — Associate Justice
  22. justiceSherman Minton — Associate Justice
  23. rulingUnited States v. Rabinowitz
  24. rulingDarr v. Burford
  25. war+Korean War
  26. war+Puerto Rican Nationalist uprising
  27. war−Puerto Rican Nationalist uprising
  28. amendmentPresidential term limits
  29. rulingStandard Oil Co. v. Peck
  30. rulingJoseph Burstyn, Inc. v. Wilson
  31. rulingYoungstown Sheet & Tube Co. v. Sawyer
  32. rulingUnited States v. Cardiff
  33. presidentDwight David Eisenhower takes office
  34. agency+United States Department of Health, Education, and Welfare
  35. war−Korean War
  36. justiceEarl Warren — Chief Justice
  37. rulingBrown v. Board of Education of Topeka
  38. rulingBolling v. Sharpe
  39. war+Taiwan Strait crisis
  40. war−Taiwan Strait crisis
  41. justiceJohn Marshall Harlan — Associate Justice
  42. rulingBrown v. Board of Education of Topeka
  43. rulingCarroll v. Lanza
  44. rulingUnited States ex rel. Toth v. Quarles
  45. lawFederal Aid Highway Act of 1956
  46. presidentDwight David Eisenhower takes office
  47. justiceWilliam Joseph Brennan, Jr. — Associate Justice
  48. justiceCharles Evans Whittaker — Associate Justice
  49. rulingReid v. Covert
  50. rulingVanderbilt v. Vanderbilt
  51. rulingTrop v. Dulles
  52. rulingCooper v. Aaron
  53. rulingLadner v. United States
  54. war+Taiwan Strait crisis
  55. war−Taiwan Strait crisis
  56. stateAlaska
  57. justicePotter Stewart — Associate Justice
  58. stateHawaii
  59. rulingKinsella v. United States ex rel. Singleton
  60. rulingGrisham v. Hagan
  61. rulingMcElroy v. United States ex rel. Guagliardo
  62. rulingUnited States v. Raines
  63. rulingElkins v. United States
  64. presidentJohn Fitzgerald Kennedy takes office
  65. amendmentElectoral votes for Washington, D.C.
  66. war+Bay of Pigs invasion
  67. war−Bay of Pigs invasion
  68. rulingJames v. United States
  69. rulingMapp v. Ohio
  70. war+Vietnam: South Vietnam vs. the Viet Cong
  71. rulingBaker v. Carr
  72. justiceByron Raymond White — Associate Justice
  73. rulingEngel v. Vitale
  74. justiceArthur Joseph Goldberg — Associate Justice
  75. rulingSmith v. Evening News Association
  76. rulingLocal No. 438 Construction & General Laborers' Union v. Curry
  77. rulingKennedy v. Mendoza-Martinez
  78. rulingGideon v. Wainwright
  79. rulingGray v. Sanders
  80. rulingFay v. Noia
  81. rulingFerguson v. Skrupa
  82. rulingSchool District of Abington Township v. Schempp
  83. presidentLyndon Baines Johnson takes office
  84. lawClean Air Act
  85. war+Laotian Civil War
  86. amendmentAbolition of poll taxes in federal elections
  87. rulingWesberry v. Sanders
  88. rulingNew York Times Co. v. Sullivan
  89. rulingSchneider v. Rusk
  90. rulingReynolds v. Sims
  91. rulingMalloy v. Hogan
  92. rulingMurphy v. Waterfront Commission of New York Harbor
  93. rulingJackson v. Denno
  94. rulingEscobedo v. Illinois
  95. rulingAptheker v. Secretary of State
  96. lawCivil Rights Act of 1964
  97. war powersGulf of Tonkin Resolution
  98. rulingMcLaughlin v. Florida
  99. rulingHeart of Atlanta Motel, Inc. v. United States
  100. war−Vietnam: South Vietnam vs. the Viet Cong
  101. presidentLyndon Baines Johnson takes office
  102. rulingPointer v. Texas
  103. lawElementary and Secondary Education Act
  104. rulingLamont v. Postmaster General
  105. rulingUnited States v. Brown
  106. rulingGriswold v. Connecticut
  107. lawSocial Security Amendments of 1965
  108. lawVoting Rights Act of 1965
  109. justiceAbe Fortas — Associate Justice
  110. agency+United States Department of Housing and Urban Development
  111. lawImmigration and Nationality Act of 1965
  112. lawHigher Education Act of 1965
  113. rulingAlbertson v. Subversive Activities Control Board
  114. rulingSwift & Co., Inc. v. Wickham
  115. rulingUnited States v. Romano
  116. rulingHarris v. United States
  117. war+Vietnam War
  118. rulingSouth Carolina v. Katzenbach
  119. rulingHarper v. Virginia Board of Elections
  120. rulingMiranda v. Arizona
  121. lawFreedom of Information Act
  122. agency+United States Department of Transportation
  123. rulingSpevack v. Klein
  124. rulingKeyishian v. Board of Regents of the University of the State of New York
  125. amendmentPresidential succession and disability
  126. rulingAfroyim v. Rusk
  127. rulingWarden v. Hayden
  128. rulingCamara v. Municipal Court of the City and County of San Francisco
  129. rulingLoving v. Virginia
  130. rulingBerger v. New York
  131. justiceThurgood Marshall — Associate Justice
  132. rulingUnited States v. Robel
  133. rulingKatz v. United States
  134. rulingMarchetti v. United States
  135. rulingGrosso v. United States
  136. rulingHaynes v. United States
  137. rulingUnited States v. Jackson
  138. lawCivil Rights Act of 1968
  139. rulingPeyton v. Rowe
  140. rulingBruton v. United States
  141. rulingDuncan v. Louisiana
  142. rulingCarafas v. Lavallee
  143. rulingTerry v. Ohio
  144. rulingLee v. Florida
  145. rulingJones v. Alfred H. Mayer Co.
  146. presidentRichard Milhous Nixon takes office
  147. rulingTinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District
  148. rulingMoore v. Ogilvie
  149. rulingLeary v. United States
  150. rulingO'Callahan v. Parker
  151. rulingBrandenburg v. Ohio
  152. rulingLear, Inc. v. Adkins
  153. justiceWarren Earl Burger — Chief Justice
  154. rulingChimel v. California
  155. rulingBenton v. Maryland
  156. war+Cambodian Civil War
  157. lawNational Environmental Policy Act
  158. rulingTurner v. United States
  159. rulingAshe v. Swenson
  160. justiceHarry Andrew Blackmun — Associate Justice
  161. rulingSchacht v. United States
  162. rulingBoys Markets, Inc. v. Retail Clerks Union
  163. rulingPrice v. Georgia
  164. rulingMoragne v. States Marine Lines, Inc.
  165. rulingWilliams v. Florida
  166. rulingOregon v. Mitchell
  167. lawOccupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA)
  168. war powersGulf of Tonkin Resolution repealed
  169. rulingBlount v. Rizzi
  170. rulingUnited States v. United States Coin & Currency
  171. rulingSwann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education
  172. rulingBlonder-Tongue Laboratories, Inc. v. University of Illinois Foundation
  173. rulingPerez v. Campbell
  174. rulingGriffin v. Breckenridge
  175. rulingLemon v. Kurtzman
  176. rulingTilton v. Richardson
  177. rulingNew York Times Co. v. United States
  178. agency−United States Post Office Department
  179. amendmentVoting age lowered to 18
  180. justiceLewis Franklin Powell, Jr. — Associate Justice
  181. justiceWilliam Hubbs Rehnquist — Associate Justice
  182. rulingDunn v. Blumstein
  183. rulingIllinois v. City of Milwaukee
  184. rulingAndrews v. Louisville & Nashville Railroad Co.
  185. rulingFurman v. Georgia
  186. lawClean Water Act
  187. presidentRichard Milhous Nixon takes office
  188. rulingRoe v. Wade
  189. rulingLehnhausen v. Lake Shore Auto Parts Co.
  190. rulingBraden v. 30th Judicial Circuit Court of Kentucky
  191. war−Vietnam War
  192. rulingFrontiero v. Richardson
  193. rulingMiller v. California
  194. rulingUnited States Department of Agriculture v. Murry
  195. rulingUnited States Department of Agriculture v. Moreno
  196. war−Laotian Civil War
  197. war powersWar Powers Resolution
  198. lawWar Powers Resolution
  199. rulingNorth Dakota State Board of Pharmacy v. Snyder's Drug Stores, Inc.
  200. lawEndangered Species Act of 1973
  201. war−Cambodian Civil War
  202. rulingEdelman v. Jordan
  203. rulingMitchell v. W. T. Grant Co.
  204. rulingJimenez v. Weinberger
  205. rulingUnited States v. Nixon
  206. presidentGerald Rudolph Ford Jr. takes office
  207. rulingTaylor v. Louisiana
  208. rulingWeinberger v. Wiesenfeld
  209. rulingUnited States v. Reliable Transfer Co., Inc.
  210. justiceJohn Paul Stevens — Associate Justice
  211. rulingMichelin Tire Corp. v. Wages
  212. rulingBuckley v. Valeo
  213. rulingHudgens v. National Labor Relations Board
  214. rulingVirginia State Board of Pharmacy v. Virginia Citizens Consumer Council, Inc.
  215. rulingHampton v. Mow Sun Wong
  216. rulingNational League of Cities v. Usery
  217. rulingLodge 76 v. Wisconsin Employment Relations Commission
  218. rulingCity of New Orleans v. Dukes
  219. rulingGregg v. Georgia
  220. rulingCraig v. Boren
  221. rulingOregon ex rel. State Land Board v. Corvallis Sand & Gravel Co.
  222. presidentJames Earl Carter takes office
  223. rulingCalifano v. Goldfarb
  224. rulingComplete Auto Transit, Inc. v. Brady
  225. rulingContinental T.V., Inc. v. GTE Sylvania Inc.
  226. rulingWainwright v. Sykes
  227. rulingShaffer v. Heitner
  228. agency+United States Department of Energy
  229. rulingDepartment of Revenue of Washington v. Association of Washington Stevedoring Companies
  230. rulingMarshall v. Barlow's, Inc.
  231. rulingMonell v. Department of Social Services of the City of New York
  232. rulingBurks v. United States
  233. rulingUnited States v. Scott
  234. rulingRegents of the University of California v. Bakke
  235. rulingDuren v. Missouri
  236. rulingHughes v. Oklahoma
  237. rulingCalifano v. Westcott
  238. agency+United States Department of Education
  239. rulingTrammel v. United States
  240. agency−United States Department of Health, Education, and Welfare
  241. agency+United States Department of Health and Human Services
  242. rulingUnited States v. Salvucci
  243. rulingThomas v. Washington Gas Light Co.
  244. rulingUnited States v. Will
  245. presidentRonald Wilson Reagan takes office
  246. rulingCommonwealth Edison Co. v. Montana
  247. justiceSandra Day O'Connor — Associate Justice
  248. rulingRailway Labor Executives' Assn. v. Gibbons
  249. rulingUnited States v. Ross
  250. rulingNorthern Pipeline Construction Co. v. Marathon Pipe Line Co.
  251. rulingSporhase v. Nebraska ex rel. Douglas
  252. war+Lebanese Civil War (Multinational Force)
  253. rulingUnited States v. Grace
  254. rulingBob Jones University v. United States
  255. rulingIllinois v. Gates
  256. rulingImmigration and Naturalization Service v. Chadha
  257. rulingBolger v. Youngs Drug Products Corp.
  258. rulingMichigan v. Long
  259. war powersMultinational Force in Lebanon Resolution
  260. war+Invasion of Grenada
  261. war−Invasion of Grenada
  262. rulingPennhurst State School and Hospital v. Halderman
  263. rulingUnited States v. One Assortment of 89 Firearms
  264. rulingLimbach v. Hooven & Allison Co.
  265. rulingCopperweld Corp. v. Independence Tube Corp.
  266. rulingChevron U. S. A. Inc. v. Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc.
  267. rulingFederal Communications Commission v. League of Women Voters of California
  268. rulingRegan v. Time, Inc.
  269. war−Lebanese Civil War (Multinational Force)
  270. presidentRonald Wilson Reagan takes office
  271. rulingGarcia v. San Antonio Metropolitan Transit Authority
  272. rulingFederal Election Commission v. National Conservative Political Action Committee
  273. rulingUnited States v. Miller
  274. rulingAguilar v. Felton
  275. rulingDaniels v. Williams
  276. rulingUnited States v. Lane
  277. rulingBatson v. Kentucky
  278. rulingBowsher v. Synar
  279. justiceWilliam Hubbs Rehnquist — Chief Justice
  280. justiceAntonin Scalia — Associate Justice
  281. lawTax Reform Act of 1986
  282. lawImmigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 (Simpson-Mazzoli Act)
  283. rulingFederal Election Commission v. Massachusetts Citizens for Life, Inc.
  284. rulingHodel v. Irving
  285. rulingPuerto Rico v. Branstad
  286. rulingTyler Pipe Industries, Inc. v. Washington State Department of Revenue
  287. rulingSolorio v. United States
  288. rulingWelch v. Texas Department of Highways and Public Transportation
  289. justiceAnthony McLeod Kennedy — Associate Justice
  290. rulingGulfstream Aerospace Corporation v. Mayacamas Corporation
  291. rulingBoos v. Marion S. Barry, Jr.
  292. rulingSouth Carolina v. Baker
  293. rulingMorrison v. Olson
  294. presidentGeorge Herbert Walker Bush takes office
  295. agency+United States Department of Veterans Affairs
  296. rulingThornburgh v. Abbott
  297. rulingRodriguez de Quijas v. Shearson/American Express, Inc.
  298. rulingAlabama v. Smith
  299. rulingHealy v. The Beer Institute
  300. rulingTexas v. Johnson
  301. rulingSable Communications of California, Inc. v. Federal Communications Commission
  302. war+Invasion of Panama
  303. war−Invasion of Panama
  304. rulingW. S. Kirkpatrick & Co., Inc. v. Environmental Tectonics Corp.
  305. rulingUnited States v. Shawn D. Eichman
  306. rulingCollins v. Youngblood
  307. lawAmericans with Disabilities Act of 1990
  308. justiceDavid Hackett Souter — Associate Justice
  309. war powersAuthorization for Use of Military Force Against Iraq
  310. war+Gulf War
  311. war−Gulf War
  312. rulingArizona v. Fulminante
  313. rulingCalifornia v. Acevedo
  314. rulingExxon Corporation v. Central Gulf Lines, Inc.
  315. rulingMetropolitan Washington Airports Authority v. Citizens for the Abatement of Aircraft Noise, Inc.
  316. rulingColeman v. Thompson
  317. rulingPervis Tyrone Payne v. Tennessee
  318. justiceClarence Thomas — Associate Justice
  319. rulingJ. C. Keeney v. Tamayo-Reyes
  320. amendmentCongressional pay changes
  321. rulingQuill Corporation v. North Dakota by and Through Its Tax Commissioner
  322. rulingNew York v. United States
  323. rulingPlanned Parenthood of Southeastern Pennsylvania v. Casey
  324. presidentWilliam Jefferson Clinton takes office
  325. rulingUnited States v. Dixon
  326. justiceRuth Bader Ginsburg — Associate Justice
  327. rulingNichols v. United States
  328. rulingDirector v. Greenwich Collieries
  329. justiceStephen Gerald Breyer — Associate Justice
  330. rulingUnited States v. National Treasury Employees Union
  331. rulingEd Plaut v. Spendthrift Farm, Inc.
  332. rulingRubin v. Coors Brewing Company
  333. rulingUnited States v. Alfonso Lopez, Jr.
  334. rulingHubbard v. United States
  335. rulingU.S. Term Limits, Inc. v. Ray Thornton
  336. rulingAdarand Constructors, Inc. v. Federico Pena
  337. rulingUnited States v. Gaudin
  338. lawTelecommunications Act of 1996
  339. rulingFulton Corporation v. Janice H. Faulkner
  340. rulingSeminole Tribe of Florida v. Florida
  341. rulingInc. v. Rhode Island and Rhode Island Liquor Stores Association
  342. rulingUnited States v. International Business Machines Corporation
  343. rulingLewis v. Fletcher Casey, Jr.
  344. rulingColorado Republican Federal Campaign Committee and Douglas Jones v. Federal Election Commission
  345. rulingDenver Area Educational Telecommunications Consortium, Inc. v. Federal Communications Commission
  346. lawPersonal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996
  347. presidentWilliam Jefferson Clinton takes office
  348. rulingBabbitt v. Marvin K. Youpee, Sr.
  349. rulingClinton v. Paula Corbin Jones
  350. rulingRachel Agostini v. Betty-Louise Felton
  351. rulingCity of Boerne v. P. F. Flores
  352. rulingReno v. American Civil Liberties Union
  353. rulingJay Printz v. United States
  354. rulingState Oil Company v. Barkat U. Khan and Khan & Associates, Inc.
  355. rulingHudson v. United States
  356. rulingC. Elvin Feltner, Jr. v. Columbia Pictures Television, Inc.
  357. rulingUnited States v. United States Shoe Corporation
  358. rulingArnold F. Hohn v. United States
  359. rulingUnited States v. Hosep Krikor Bajakajian
  360. rulingClinton v. City of New York
  361. rulingEastern Enterprises v. Apfel
  362. war+Kosovo War
  363. rulingMinnesota v. Mille Lacs Band of Chippewa Indians
  364. rulingGreater New Orleans Broadcasting Association, Inc. v. United States
  365. rulingFlorida Prepaid Postsecondary Education Expense Board v. College Savings Bank and United States
  366. rulingCollege Savings Bank v. Florida Prepaid Postsecondary Education Expense Board
  367. rulingAlden v. Maine
  368. war−Kosovo War
  369. rulingJ. Daniel Kimel, Jr. v. Florida Board of Regents
  370. rulingUnited States v. Morrison
  371. rulingUnited States v. Playboy Entertainment Group, Inc.
  372. rulingDickerson v. United States
  373. rulingGuy Mitchell v. Helms
  374. rulingBush v. Gore
  375. presidentGeorge Walker Bush takes office
  376. rulingBoard of Trustees of the University of Alabama v. Garrett
  377. rulingLegal Services Corporation v. Carmen Velazquez
  378. rulingUnited States v. Hatter
  379. rulingUnited States and Department of Agriculture v. United Foods, Inc.
  380. war+War against al-Qaida
  381. war powersAuthorization for Use of Military Force (2001)
  382. war+Invasion of Afghanistan
  383. lawUniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism (USA PATRIOT ACT) Act of 2001
  384. war−Invasion of Afghanistan
  385. lawNo Child Left Behind Act of 2001
  386. rulingAshcroft v. The Free Speech Coalition
  387. rulingTommy G. Thompson v. Western States Medical Center
  388. rulingLapides v. Board of Regents of the University System of Georgia
  389. rulingUnited States v. Cotton
  390. rulingDaryl Renard Atkins v. Virginia
  391. rulingRing v. Arizona
  392. lawSarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
  393. war powersAuthorization for Use of Military Force Against Iraq (2002)
  394. agency+United States Department of Homeland Security
  395. lawHomeland Security Act of 2002
  396. war+War in Afghanistan (Taliban insurgency)
  397. war+Invasion of Iraq
  398. war−Invasion of Iraq
  399. rulingGrutter v. Lee Bollinger
  400. rulingLawrence v. Texas
  401. lawMedicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act of 2003
  402. rulingMitch McConnell v. Federal Election Commission
  403. war+Iraq: insurgency and war against IS
  404. rulingCrawford v. Washington
  405. rulingHamdi v. Rumsfeld
  406. rulingUnited States v. Freddie J. Booker
  407. presidentGeorge Walker Bush takes office
  408. rulingRoper v. Simmons
  409. rulingSusette Kelo v. City of New London
  410. justiceJohn Glover Roberts, Jr. — Chief Justice
  411. rulingCentral Virginia Community College v. Katz
  412. justiceSamuel A. Alito, Jr. — Associate Justice
  413. rulingIllinois Tool Works Inc. v. Independent Ink, Inc.
  414. rulingSalim Ahmed Hamdan v. Rumsfeld
  415. rulingMassachusetts v. Environmental Protection Agency
  416. rulingAlberto R. Gonzales v. Leroy Carhart
  417. rulingBell Atlantic Corporation v. Twombly
  418. rulingBowles v. Russell
  419. rulingFederal Election Commission v. Wisconsin Right to Life, Inc.
  420. rulingParents Involved in Community Schools v. Seattle School District No. 1
  421. rulingLeegin Creative Leather Products, Inc. v. PSKS, Inc.
  422. rulingBoumediene v. Bush
  423. rulingDistrict of Columbia v. Heller
  424. rulingDavis v. FEC
  425. lawEmergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008
  426. war+Yemen: Houthis and AQAP
  427. presidentBarack Hussein Obama takes office
  428. rulingCordell Pearson v. Afton Callahan
  429. lawAmerican Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009
  430. rulingMontejo v. Louisiana
  431. justiceSonia Sotomayor — Associate Justice
  432. rulingCitizens United v. Federal Election Commission
  433. lawPatient Protection and Affordable Care Act
  434. rulingUnited States v. Stevens
  435. rulingFree Enterprise Fund and Beckstead and Watts v. Public Company Accounting Oversight Board
  436. rulingOtis McDonald v. City of Chicago
  437. lawDodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act
  438. justiceElena Kagan — Associate Justice
  439. rulingPepper v. United States
  440. rulingBond v. United States
  441. rulingStern v. Elaine T. Marshall
  442. war−Iraq: insurgency and war against IS
  443. rulingHosanna-Tabor Evangelical Lutheran Church and School v. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
  444. rulingColeman v. Court of Appeals of Maryland
  445. rulingUnited States v. Xavier Alvarez
  446. rulingNational Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius
  447. presidentBarack Hussein Obama takes office
  448. rulingAlleyne v. United States
  449. rulingAgency for International Development v. Alliance for Open Society International, Inc.
  450. rulingShelby County v. Holder
  451. rulingUnited States v. Windsor
  452. rulingMcCutcheon v. FEC
  453. war+Iraq: insurgency and war against IS
  454. war−Yemen: Houthis and AQAP
  455. war+Somalia: al-Shabaab
  456. war+Afghanistan: Islamic State
  457. rulingZivotofsky v. Kerry
  458. rulingHorne v. Department of Agriculture
  459. rulingKing v. Burwell
  460. rulingJohnson v. United States
  461. rulingObergefell v. Hodges
  462. war+Libya: Islamic State
  463. rulingHurst v. Florida
  464. war+Niger: Islamic State
  465. presidentDonald J. Trump takes office
  466. justiceNeil M. Gorsuch — Associate Justice
  467. rulingSessions v. Morales-Santana
  468. rulingMatal v. Tam
  469. war−War against al-Qaida
  470. lawTax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017
  471. rulingSessions v. Dimaya
  472. rulingMurphy v. National Collegiate Athletic Association
  473. rulingSouth Dakota v. Wayfair
  474. rulingTrump v. Hawaii
  475. rulingJanus v. American Federation of State
  476. justiceBrett M. Kavanaugh — Associate Justice
  477. war+Kenya: al-Shabaab
  478. rulingFranchise Tax Board of California v. Hyatt
  479. rulingHerrera v. Wyoming
  480. war+Somalia: Islamic State
  481. rulingKnick v. Township of Scott
  482. rulingIancu v. Brunetti
  483. rulingUnited States v. Davis
  484. rulingUnited States v. Haymond
  485. rulingRucho v. Common Cause
  486. war+War against al-Qaida
  487. war−War against al-Qaida
  488. war−Libya: Islamic State
  489. war+Iran–Israel conflict
  490. rulingAllen v. Cooper
  491. lawCoronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act
  492. rulingRamos v. Louisiana
  493. rulingBostock v. Clayton County
  494. rulingSeila Law LLC v. Consumer Financial Protection Bureau
  495. rulingBarr v. American Association of Political Consultants Inc.
  496. justiceAmy Coney Barrett — Associate Justice
  497. presidentJoseph Robinette Biden Jr. takes office
  498. lawAmerican Rescue Plan Act of 2021
  499. rulingEdwards v. Vannoy
  500. rulingUnited States v. Arthrex Inc.
  501. rulingCollins v. Yellen
  502. war−War in Afghanistan (Taliban insurgency)
  503. war−Afghanistan: Islamic State
  504. lawInfrastructure Investment and Jobs Act
  505. war+Niger: JNIM
  506. war−Somalia: Islamic State
  507. war−Kenya: al-Shabaab
  508. justiceKetanji Brown Jackson — Associate Justice
  509. rulingFederal Election Commission v. Ted Cruz for Senate
  510. rulingShinn v. Ramirez
  511. rulingSiegel v. Fitzgerald
  512. rulingNew York State Rifle & Pistol Association Inc. v. Bruen
  513. rulingDobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization
  514. rulingKennedy v. Bremerton School District
  515. rulingWest Virginia v. Environmental Protection Agency
  516. lawCHIPS and Science Act or Creating Helpful Incentives to Produce Semiconductors for America Act
  517. lawInflation Reduction Act of 2022
  518. war−Niger: JNIM
  519. war−Niger: Islamic State
  520. rulingAllen v. Milligan
  521. rulingStudents for Fair Admissions Inc. v. President & Fellows of Harvard College
  522. rulingBiden v. Nebraska
  523. war+Red Sea: the Houthis (Yemen)
  524. rulingTrump v. Anderson
  525. rulingSecurities and Exchange Commission v. Jarkesy
  526. rulingLoper Bright Enterprises v. Raimondo
  527. rulingTrump v. United States
  528. war+Syria: Islamic State
  529. war+Nigeria: Islamic State
  530. presidentDonald J. Trump takes office
  531. war+Somalia: Islamic State
  532. rulingUnited States v. Skrmetti
  533. rulingTrump v. Casa, Inc.
  534. lawOne Big Beautiful Bill Act
  535. rulingLearning Resources v. Trump
  536. rulingLouisiana v. Callais
  537. rulingCisco Systems v. Doe
  538. rulingTrump v. Slaughter
  539. rulingNational Republican Senatorial Committee v. Federal Election Commission