How did the United States change between and ?

Pick two dates. See the laws, the executive orders, the courts, Congress, federal agencies, the Constitution and the budget, as a diff.

Trump II so far Biden term Trump I term Obama term Since 9/11 Since Reagan Postwar → now

$ civicdiff 2019-01-02..2017-01-03 # the same day json

21 files changed, 55 insertions(+), 51 deletions(−)

Laws enacted

0 notable

Executive orders

signed

Final rules

0 significant

Supreme Court

1 of 8

seats changed hands

Agencies

+0 −0

departments & tracked agencies

Public debt

−$2.04T

$22.0T → $19.9T

The presidency passed from Donald J. Trump to Barack Hussein Obama. 4 senators and 18 representatives took seats that they did not hold before. 1 new justice joined the Supreme Court. Inflation-adjusted federal spending changed −6.8% (FY2019 → FY2017).

Executive7 files+31−30

executive/presidentThe presidency

+1−1National Archives ↗

Donald J. Trump R

45th president

Barack Hussein Obama D

44th president

executive/vice-presidentThe vice presidency

+1−1Senate Historical Office ↗

Mike Pence R

Joseph Robinette Biden Jr. D

executive/cabinetCabinet & senior officials

+29−28Wikidata ↗

Secretary of State

Mike Pompeo R

John Kerry D

Secretary of the Treasury

Steven Mnuchin R

Jack Lew D

Secretary of Defense

Ash Carter D

Attorney General

Matthew Whitaker R (acting)

Loretta Lynch D

Secretary of the Navy

Richard V. Spencer R

Ray Mabus D

Secretary of the Interior

Ryan Zinke R

Sally Jewell D

Show 18 more cabinet offices

Secretary of Agriculture

Sonny Perdue D

Tom Vilsack D

Secretary of Commerce

Secretary of Labor

Secretary of Health and Human Services

Alex Azar R

Sylvia Burwell D

Secretary of Housing and Urban Development

Ben Carson R

Julián Castro D

Secretary of Transportation

Secretary of Energy

Secretary of Education

Betsy DeVos R

John King Jr. D

Secretary of Veterans Affairs

Robert Wilkie R

Robert A. McDonald R

Secretary of Homeland Security

Kirstjen Nielsen R

Jeh C. Johnson D

White House Chief of Staff

John F. Kelly R

Denis McDonough D

Director of the Office of Management and Budget

Mick Mulvaney R

Shaun Donovan D

Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency

Andrew R. Wheeler R

Gina McCarthy D

Ambassador to the United Nations

Jonathan Cohen

Samantha Power D

Director of National Intelligence

Dan Coats R

James R. Clapper I

Director of the Central Intelligence Agency

Gina Haspel R

John Owen Brennan

Administrator of the Small Business Administration

Linda McMahon R

Maria Contreras-Sweet D

U.S. Trade Representative

Robert Lighthizer R

Michael Froman D

Other senior officials (5 changed)

Secretary of the Navy

Richard V. Spencer R

Ray Mabus D

Chair of the Federal Reserve

Jerome Powell R

Janet Yellen D

Director of the FBI

Christopher A. Wray R

James Comey R

National Security Advisor

John Bolton R

Susan Rice D

Solicitor General

Noel Francisco R

Ian Heath Gershengorn (acting)

3 offices unchanged

Postmaster General: Megan Brennan D

Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff: Joseph F. Dunford, Jr.

executive/ordersExecutive orders

±0Federal Register API ↗

0 executive orders signed

813 → 732 orders (issued since 1994) in force · 0 revoked in this window

executive/nominationsSenate confirmations

±0Congress.gov ↗

0 civilian nominations received · 0 confirmed · 0 withdrawn · 0 returned to the President

Civilian nominations only (military promotions excluded). Top confirmations are cabinet-level posts, Supreme Court justices, and the Fed chair.

executive/agenciesFederal agencies

±0Wikidata ↗

429 → 427 tracked organizations · 16 → 16 executive departments

No agencies created or abolished in this window.

Agency start and end dates come from Wikidata, which covers smaller bureaus unevenly.

executive/regulationsFederal regulations

±0Federal Register API ↗

0 final rules published in the Federal Register

from Jan 2, 2019

0 of them flagged "significant" under EO 12866

major economic or policy impact

0 proposed rules · 0 notices

Loading which agencies published the most rules…

Final rules carry the force of law. Rescissions count as rules too, so this measures regulatory activity, not net growth.

Military3 files+1−1

military/conflictsArmed conflicts

+1−1UCDP/PRIO Armed Conflict Dataset ↗

U.S. in 7 armed conflicts → 7

Kenya: al-Shabaab

U.S. combat role recorded through 2021 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against Al-Shabaab

War against al-Qaida

began Sep 11, 2001 · U.S. a principal party · against al-Qaida

6 conflicts active on both dates

War in Afghanistan (Taliban insurgency)

since 2003 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against the Taliban

Iraq: insurgency and war against IS

since Aug 8, 2014 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against IS

Somalia: al-Shabaab

since 2015 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against Al-Shabaab

Afghanistan: Islamic State

since Mar 3, 2015 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against IS

Libya: Islamic State

since 2016 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against IS

Niger: Islamic State

since 2017 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against IS

An armed conflict here means at least 25 battle deaths in a year, with U.S. forces as a party or fighting for a government (UCDP's definition). Air strikes, raids, and advisory missions below that threshold aren't included. UN peacekeeping missions are excluded.

military/troopsU.S. troops abroad

−11,449 troops abroadDMDC via troopdata (Allen, Flynn & Martinez Machain) ↗

182,579 → 171,130 active-duty troops stationed abroad · 1,342,716 → 1,176,762 total active duty

14 → 16 countries with 1,000 or more U.S. troops

as of Dec 31, 2018 → as of Dec 31, 2016

Japan 56,213 → 39,345

−16,868

Afghanistan 14,000 → 9,294

−4,706

Kuwait 1,840 → 6,296

+4,456

South Korea 26,311 → 23,468

−2,843

Qatar 521 → 2,976

+2,455

Guam 6,242 → 3,831

−2,411

Djibouti 22 → 1,961

+1,939

Jordan 67 → 1,759

+1,692

Syria 1,700 → 204

−1,496

Bahrain 4,376 → 5,504

+1,128

Italy 12,991 → 12,102

−889

United Arab Emirates 403 → 1,079

+676

Largest U.S. deployments as of Dec 31, 2016

Japan 39,345

Germany 34,805

South Korea 23,468

Italy 12,102

Afghanistan 9,294

United Kingdom 8,479

Kuwait 6,296

Iraq 5,540

Active-duty personnel assigned to each country in the Defense Department's location reports, which leave out most combat deployments, forces afloat, and short rotations: Iraq, Syria, and Afghanistan during their wars are press or Pentagon estimates, and Iraq and Syria read zero after 2023 although a few thousand troops remained. Each date shows the latest report on or before it.

military/spendingCost of war

1 warDoD Cost of War reports · CRS ↗

Lifetime cost of wars fought in this window · constant FY2011 dollars (CRS)

War in Afghanistan (Taliban insurgency) $321B

0.7% of GDP in its peak year · 2001–2021

Operation spending is what the Defense Department obligated to each named operation in each fiscal year, from its Cost of War reports; it excludes State Department and USAID programs, veterans' care, interest, and base budgets. Lifetime costs are the Congressional Research Service's estimates of direct military spending for each war, in FY2011 dollars.

Legislative4 files+22−18

legislative/controlControl of Congress

0 changesHouse History / Senate Historical Office ↗

115

Top: House · Bottom: Senate DemocraticRepublican

115th Congress → 115th Congress · 0 new Congresses elected

0 changes of chamber control along the way

House: Republican majority on both dates

236 R · 196 D → 241 R · 194 D

Senate: Republican majority on both dates

50 R · 49 D → 52 R · 48 D

legislative/senateSenate

+4−3congress-legislators ↗

Jan 2, 2019 · 50 R · 47 D · 2 I

Jan 3, 2017 · 52 R · 46 D · 2 I

4 new members · 3 departed · 96 served on both dates · women 23 → 21 · median age 64 → 63

1 seat changed party

Doug Jones D

Alabama

Jeff Sessions R

Alabama

Who joined and who left (4 in · 3 out)

Alabama

Arizona

Minnesota

Mississippi

Alabama

Minnesota

Mississippi

legislative/houseHouse

+18−15congress-legislators ↗

Jan 2, 2019 · 236 R · 196 D

Jan 3, 2017 · 241 R · 194 D

18 new members · 15 departed · 417 served on both dates · women 86 → 83 · median age 60 → 58

4 state delegations changed

Show delegation changes

Florida 11 D · 15 R

Florida 11 D · 16 R

New Mexico 1 D · 1 R

New Mexico 2 D · 1 R

Pennsylvania 8 D · 10 R

Pennsylvania 5 D · 13 R

West Virginia 0 D · 2 R

West Virginia 0 D · 3 R

Who joined and who left (18 in · 15 out)

Arizona-8

California-34

Florida-6

Georgia-6

Kansas-4

Michigan-13

Montana-AL

Michelle Lujan Grisham D

New Mexico-1

Louise McIntosh Slaughter D

New York-25

Ohio-12

Oklahoma-1

Pennsylvania-18

Pennsylvania-7

Pennsylvania-15

South Carolina-5

Texas-27

Utah-3

West Virginia-3

Arizona-8

California-34

Georgia-6

Kansas-4

Michigan-13

Montana-AL

New York-25

Ohio-12

Oklahoma-1

Pennsylvania-18

Pennsylvania-7

Pennsylvania-15

South Carolina-5

Texas-27

Utah-3

legislative/lawsLaws enacted

±0Congress.gov ↗

0 public laws enacted · 0 landmark · 0 notable · 0 routine · 0 ceremonial

No laws in this window are flagged as notable.

Judicial3 files+1−2

judicial/supreme-courtThe Supreme Court

+1−2Federal Judicial Center ↗

Bench by appointing party: 5 R · 4 D → 4 R · 4 D

Neil M. Gorsuch R

appointed by Donald J. Trump · 2017

Brett M. Kavanaugh R

appointed by Donald J. Trump · 2018

Anthony McLeod Kennedy R

appointed by Ronald Reagan · 1988

7 justices served on both dates

Clarence Thomas R

appointed by George H.W. Bush · 1991

Ruth Bader Ginsburg D

appointed by William J. Clinton · 1993

Stephen Gerald Breyer D

appointed by William J. Clinton · 1994

John Glover Roberts, Jr. R

appointed by George W. Bush · 2005

Samuel A. Alito, Jr. R

appointed by George W. Bush · 2006

Sonia Sotomayor D

appointed by Barack Obama · 2009

Elena Kagan D

appointed by Barack Obama · 2010

judicial/lower-courtsAppeals & district courts

±0Federal Judicial Center ↗

Courts of appeals (active judges): 83 R · 83 D · 1 N( → 90 D · 71 R · 1 N(

District courts (active judges): 325 D · 231 R → 348 D · 242 R

1 circuit flipped majority

Third Circuit 6 D · 6 R (tie majority)

Third Circuit 7 D · 5 R (D majority)

D and R describe the party of the appointing president, not the judge. Active service ends when a judge takes senior status.

judicial/rulingsSupreme Court decisions

±0Supreme Court Database ↗

0 argued decisions · 0 landmark

Landmark means the Court overruled precedent, struck down a federal law, or the case is on a curated landmark list.

Fiscal2 files±0

fiscal/budgetThe federal budget

−6.8% real spendingOMB Historical Tables ↗

Fiscal year 2019 → fiscal year 2017 · inflation-adjusted with the GDP price index

Spending $4.45T

FY2019

Spending $3.98T

FY2017 · −10% nominal · −6.8% after inflation

Revenue $3.46T

FY2019

Revenue $3.32T

FY2017 · −4.2% nominal · −0.3% after inflation

Surplus / deficit −$984B

FY2019

Surplus / deficit −$665B

FY2017 · +$318B

Spending, % of GDP 20.9%

FY2019

Spending, % of GDP 20.6%

FY2017 · −0.3 pts

Debt held by the public, % of GDP 78.9%

FY2019

Debt held by the public, % of GDP 75.7%

FY2017 · −3.2 pts

Spending by function · real change

Social Security

$1.04T → $945B · −5.8%

National Defense

$686B → $599B · −9.1%

Medicare

$651B → $597B · −4.5%

Health

$585B → $533B · −5.1%

Income Security

$515B → $503B · +1.8%

Net interest

$375B → $263B · −27%

Veterans Benefits and Services

$200B → $177B · −8.0%

Education, Training, Employment, and Social Services

$137B → $144B · +9.6%

Transportation

$95.8B → $93.6B · +1.7%

Administration of Justice

$65.8B → $57.9B · −8.4%

International Affairs

$53.0B → $46.3B · −9.1%

Natural Resources and Environment

$37.8B → $37.9B · +4.3%

General Science, Space, and Technology

$32.4B → $30.4B · −2.4%

Community and Regional Development

$26.8B → $24.9B · −3.2%

General Government

$23.5B → $23.8B · +5.6%

Agriculture

$38.3B → $18.9B · −49%

fiscal/debtTotal public debt outstanding

−$2.04TTreasury Fiscal Data ↗

$22.0T

as of Dec 31, 2018

$19.9T

as of Jan 3, 2017

Constitution & Union1 file±0

constitution/amendmentsAmendments & statehood

±0National Archives ↗

27 → 27 amendments in force · 50 → 50 states

No amendments ratified and no states admitted. The last amendment was the 27th, in 1992.

Log1 file±0

logEverything in between

0 events

How did the United States change between Jan 2, 2019 and Jan 3, 2017?

Executive7 files+31−30

Military3 files+1−1

Legislative4 files+22−18

Judicial3 files+1−2

Fiscal2 files±0

Constitution & Union1 file±0

Log1 file±0

How did the United States change between and ?