How did the United States change between and ?

Pick two dates. See the laws, the executive orders, the courts, Congress, federal agencies, the Constitution and the budget, as a diff.

Trump II so farBiden termTrump I termObama termSince 9/11Since ReaganPostwar → now
civicdiff.com/2003-01-03...2005-01-02 · 2 years json
22 files changed, 10,134 insertions(+), 99 deletions(−)
Laws enacted
+497
225 notable
Executive orders
+86
signed
Final rules
+8,461
655 significant
Supreme Court
0 of 9
seats changed hands
Agencies
+13 −5
departments & tracked agencies
Public debt
+$1.21T
$6.39T → $7.60T

George Walker Bush was president on both dates. Congress enacted 497 public laws. 9 senators and 56 representatives took seats that they did not hold before. Inflation-adjusted federal spending changed +8.4% (FY2003 → FY2005).

Executive7 files+9,315−11

executive/presidentThe presidency
±0National Archives ↗
George Walker Bush R
43rd president · in office on both dates
executive/vice-presidentThe vice presidency
±0Senate Historical Office ↗
Richard Bruce Cheney R
in office on both dates
executive/cabinetCabinet & senior officials
+7−6Wikidata ↗
Secretary of the Treasury
John W. Snow R
Secretary of Housing and Urban Development
Mel Martínez R
Alphonso Jackson R
Secretary of Homeland Security
office did not exist
Tom Ridge R
Director of the Office of Management and Budget
Mitch Daniels R
Joshua Bolten R
Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency
Christine Todd Whitman R
Mike Leavitt R
Ambassador to the United Nations
John Negroponte R
John Danforth R
Show 1 more cabinet offices
Director of Central Intelligence
George Tenet D
office vacant or abolished
Other senior officials (1 changed)
Solicitor General
Theodore Olson R
Paul Clement R
23 offices unchanged
Secretary of State: Colin Powell R
Secretary of Defense: Donald Rumsfeld R
Attorney General: John Ashcroft R
Postmaster General: John E. Potter R
Secretary of the Navy: Gordon R. England R
Secretary of the Interior: Gale Norton R
Secretary of Agriculture: Ann Veneman R
Secretary of Commerce: Donald Evans R
Secretary of Labor: Elaine Chao R
Secretary of Health and Human Services: Tommy Thompson R
Secretary of Transportation: Norman Mineta D
Secretary of Energy: Spencer Abraham R
Secretary of Education: Rod Paige R
Secretary of Veterans Affairs: Anthony Principi R
White House Chief of Staff: Andrew Card R
Administrator of the Small Business Administration: Hector Barreto R
U.S. Trade Representative: Robert Zoellick R
Postmaster General: John E. Potter R
Secretary of the Navy: Gordon R. England R
Chair of the Federal Reserve: Alan Greenspan R
Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff: Richard Bowman Myers
Director of the FBI: Robert Mueller R
National Security Advisor: Condoleezza Rice R
executive/ordersExecutive orders
+86Federal Register API ↗
86 executive orders signed · George W. Bush 86
348 → 412 orders (issued since 1994) in force · 22 revoked in this window
EO 13286 Amendment of Executive Orders, and Other Actions, in Connection With the Transfer of Certain Functions to the Secretary of Homeland Security
Feb 28, 2003 · George W. Bush
EO 13292 Further Amendment to Executive Order 12958, as Amended, Classified National Security Information
Mar 25, 2003 · George W. Bush · revoked by EO 13526
EO 13304 Termination of Emergencies With Respect to Yugoslavia and Modification of Executive Order 13219 of June 26, 2001
May 28, 2003 · George W. Bush
EO 13315 Blocking Property of the Former Iraqi Regime, Its Senior Officials and Their Family Members, and Taking Certain Other Actions
Aug 28, 2003 · George W. Bush
EO 13322 Adjustments of Certain Rates of Pay
Dec 30, 2003 · George W. Bush · revoked by EO 13332
EO 13332 Further Adjustment of Certain Rates of Pay
Mar 3, 2004 · George W. Bush · revoked by EO 13368
EO 13350 Termination of Emergency Declared in Executive Order 12722 With Respect to Iraq and Modification of Executive Order 13290, Executive Order 13303, and Executive Order 13315
Jul 29, 2004 · George W. Bush
EO 13368 Adjustments of Certain Rates of Pay
Dec 30, 2004 · George W. Bush · revoked by EO 13393
Show 6 more
EO 13283 Establishing the Office of Global Communications
Jan 21, 2003 · George W. Bush
EO 13284 Amendment of Executive Orders, and Other Actions, in Connection With the Establishment of the Department of Homeland Security
Jan 23, 2003 · George W. Bush
EO 13285 President's Council on Service and Civic Participation
Jan 29, 2003 · George W. Bush
EO 13287 Preserve America
Mar 3, 2003 · George W. Bush
EO 13288 Blocking Property of Persons Undermining Democratic Processes or Institutions in Zimbabwe
Mar 6, 2003 · George W. Bush
EO 13289 Establishing the Global War on Terrorism Medals
Mar 12, 2003 · George W. Bush
executive/nominationsSenate confirmations
+748Congress.gov ↗
977 civilian nominations received · 748 confirmed · 35 withdrawn · 192 returned to the President
Thomas J. Ridge, of Pennsylvania, to be Secretary of Homeland Security. (New Position)
confirmed Jan 22, 2003 · 94–0
John W. Snow, of Virginia, to be Secretary of the Treasury, vice Paul Henry O'Neill, resigned.
confirmed Jan 30, 2003 · voice vote or unanimous consent
Joshua B. Bolten, of the District of Columbia, to be Director of the Office of Management and Budget, vice Mitchell E. Daniels, Jr., resigned.
confirmed Jun 26, 2003 · voice vote or unanimous consent
Michael O. Leavitt, of Utah, to be Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, vice Christine Todd Whitman, resigned.
confirmed Oct 28, 2003 · 88–8
Alphonso R. Jackson, of Texas, to be Secretary of Housing and Urban Development, vice Melquiades Rafael Martinez, resigned.
confirmed Mar 31, 2004 · voice vote or unanimous consent
Alan Greenspan, of New York, to be Chairman of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System for a term of four years. (Reappointment)
confirmed Jun 17, 2004 · voice vote or unanimous consent
John C. Danforth, of Missouri, to be the Representative of the United States of America to the United Nations, with the rank and status of Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, and the Representative of the United States of America in the Security Council of the United Nations.
confirmed Jun 24, 2004 · voice vote or unanimous consent
Civilian nominations only (military promotions excluded). Top confirmations are cabinet-level posts, Supreme Court justices, and the Fed chair.
executive/agenciesFederal agencies
+13−5Wikidata ↗
391 → 399 tracked organizations · 16 → 16 executive departments
Millennium Challenge Corporation
established Jan 1, 2004 · government agency
Office of the Federal Coordinator, Alaska Natural Gas Transportation Projects
established Oct 13, 2004
Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau
established Jan 24, 2003 · United States Treasury bureau which regulates and collects taxes on alcohol, tobacco, and firearms
U.S. Customs and Border Protection
established Mar 1, 2003 · customs service of the United States since 2003
United States Citizenship and Immigration Services
established Mar 1, 2003 · immigration benefits agency of the United States government
United States Immigration and Customs Enforcement
established Mar 1, 2003 · United States federal law enforcement agency
Air Traffic Organization
established Nov 1, 2003 · FAA terminology
Alhurra
established Jan 1, 2004 · US TV station broadcasting to the Arab world
Office of Intelligence and Analysis
established Jan 1, 2004 · agency of the United States Department of the Treasury
Office of Terrorism and Financial Intelligence
established Jan 1, 2004 · United States government agency
Show 8 more
Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration
established Jan 1, 2004 · United States government agency
Privacy and Civil Liberties Oversight Board
established Jan 1, 2004 · U.S. government agency
Office of Under Secretary of Energy for Science
established Jan 1, 2005 · American government agency
United States Customs Service
abolished Mar 1, 2003 · former customs service of the United States (1789-2003) · replaced by U.S. Customs and Border Protection
United States Immigration and Naturalization Service
abolished Mar 1, 2003 · former immigration service of the United States · replaced by U.S. Customs and Border Protection,United States Immigration and Customs Enforcement,United States Citizenship and Immigration Services
Office of Special Plans
abolished Jun 1, 2003 · U.S. intelligence unit
Research and Special Programs Administration
abolished Jan 1, 2004 · replaced by Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration
Copyright Arbitration Royalty Panel
abolished Jan 1, 2005 · American copyright agency · replaced by Copyright Royalty Board
Agency start and end dates come from Wikidata, which covers smaller bureaus unevenly.
executive/regulationsFederal regulations
+8,461Federal Register API ↗
8,461 final rules published in the Federal Register
from Jan 3, 2003
655 of them flagged "significant" under EO 12866
major economic or policy impact
5,024 proposed rules · 50,732 notices
Loading which agencies published the most rules…
Final rules carry the force of law. Rescissions count as rules too, so this measures regulatory activity, not net growth.

Military3 files+2−1

military/conflictsArmed conflicts
+2−1UCDP/PRIO Armed Conflict Dataset ↗
U.S. in 2 armed conflicts → 3
Iraq: insurgency and war against IS
began Jan 18, 2004 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against Ansar al-Islam, IS
1 conflict began and ended in between
Invasion of Iraq
Mar 23, 2003 – Apr 28, 2003 · U.S. a principal party · against Iraq
2 conflicts active on both dates
War against al-Qaida
since Sep 11, 2001 · U.S. a principal party · against al-Qaida
War in Afghanistan (Taliban insurgency)
since 2003 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against the Taliban
An armed conflict here means at least 25 battle deaths in a year, with U.S. forces as a party or fighting for a government (UCDP's definition). Air strikes, raids, and advisory missions below that threshold aren't included. UN peacekeeping missions are excluded.
military/troopsU.S. troops abroad
+37,141 troops abroadDMDC via troopdata (Allen, Flynn & Martinez Machain) ↗
199,822 → 236,963 active-duty troops stationed abroad · 1,369,323 → 1,349,419 total active duty
15 → 16 countries with 1,000 or more U.S. troops
as of Sep 30, 2002 → as of Sep 30, 2004
Iraq 0 → 134,000
+134,000
Kuwait 567 → 36,647
+36,080
Germany 68,701 → 76,058
+7,357
Afghanistan 9,000 → 16,000
+7,000
Japan 41,848 → 36,365
−5,483
South Korea 37,743 → 40,840
+3,097
Puerto Rico 2,592 → 300
−2,292
Bosnia and Herzegovina 3,082 → 951
−2,131
United Kingdom 10,258 → 11,469
+1,211
Yugoslavia 2,804 → 1,814
−990
Spain 2,621 → 2,012
−609
Saudi Arabia 776 → 235
−541
Largest U.S. deployments as of Sep 30, 2004
Iraq 134,000
Germany 76,058
South Korea 40,840
Kuwait 36,647
Japan 36,365
Afghanistan 16,000
Italy 12,606
United Kingdom 11,469
Active-duty personnel assigned to each country in the Defense Department's location reports, which leave out most combat deployments, forces afloat, and short rotations: Iraq, Syria, and Afghanistan during their wars are press or Pentagon estimates, and Iraq and Syria read zero after 2023 although a few thousand troops remained. Each date shows the latest report on or before it.
military/spendingCost of war
$122B war fundingDoD Cost of War reports · CRS ↗
$122B spent on named war operations, fiscal years 2003–2004 · Defense Department obligations
Iraq & Syria $99.6B
Iraqi Freedom → New Dawn → Inherent Resolve · FY2003–FY2004
Afghanistan $22.6B
Enduring Freedom → Freedom's Sentinel → Enduring Sentinel · FY2003–FY2004
Lifetime cost of wars fought in this window · constant FY2011 dollars (CRS)
War in Afghanistan (Taliban insurgency) $321B
0.7% of GDP in its peak year · 2001–2021
Iraq War $784B
1% of GDP in its peak year · 2003–2011
Operation spending is what the Defense Department obligated to each named operation in each fiscal year, from its Cost of War reports; it excludes State Department and USAID programs, veterans' care, interest, and base budgets. Lifetime costs are the Congressional Research Service's estimates of direct military spending for each war, in FY2011 dollars.

Legislative4 files+562−63

legislative/controlControl of Congress
0 changesHouse History / Senate Historical Office ↗
Top: House · Bottom: Senate DemocraticRepublican
107th Congress → 108th Congress · 1 new Congress elected
0 changes of chamber control along the way
House: Republican majority on both dates
223 R · 209 D → 227 R · 206 D
Senate: Republican majority on both dates
49 D · 49 R → 51 R · 49 D
legislative/senateSenate
+9−8congress-legislators ↗
Jan 3, 2003 · 49 R · 48 D · 2 I
Blanche Lambert Lincoln (Democrat, AR)Barbara Boxer (Democrat, CA)Dianne Feinstein (Democrat, CA)Christopher J. Dodd (Democrat, CT)Joseph I. Lieberman (Democrat, CT)Joseph R. Biden Jr. (Democrat, DE)Thomas R. Carper (Democrat, DE)Bob Graham (Democrat, FL)Bill Nelson (Democrat, FL)J. Maxwell Cleland (Democrat, GA)Zell Bryan Miller (Democrat, GA)Daniel K. Inouye (Democrat, HI)Daniel K. Akaka (Democrat, HI)Tom Harkin (Democrat, IA)Richard J. Durbin (Democrat, IL)Evan Bayh (Democrat, IN)Mary L. Landrieu (Democrat, LA)John B. Breaux (Democrat, LA)John F. Kerry (Democrat, MA)Edward M. Kennedy (Democrat, MA)Barbara A. Mikulski (Democrat, MD)Paul S. Sarbanes (Democrat, MD)Carl Levin (Democrat, MI)Debbie Stabenow (Democrat, MI)Mark Dayton (Democrat, MN)Max Baucus (Democrat, MT)John Reid Edwards (Democrat, NC)Byron L. Dorgan (Democrat, ND)Kent Conrad (Democrat, ND)Ben Nelson (Democrat, NE)Robert Torricelli (Democrat, NJ)Jon Stevens Corzine (Democrat, NJ)Jeff Bingaman (Democrat, NM)Harry Reid (Democrat, NV)Charles E. Schumer (Democrat, NY)Hillary Rodham Clinton (Democrat, NY)Ron Wyden (Democrat, OR)Jack Reed (Democrat, RI)Ernest F. Hollings (Democrat, SC)Tim Johnson (Democrat, SD)Thomas A. Daschle (Democrat, SD)Patrick J. Leahy (Democrat, VT)Patty Murray (Democrat, WA)Maria Cantwell (Democrat, WA)Russell D. Feingold (Democrat, WI)Herb Kohl (Democrat, WI)John D. Rockefeller, IV (Democrat, WV)Robert C. Byrd (Democrat, WV)Dean Barkley (Independent, MN)James M. Jeffords (Independent, VT)Ted F. Stevens (Republican, AK)Jeff Sessions (Republican, AL)Richard C. Shelby (Republican, AL)Tim Hutchinson (Republican, AR)John McCain (Republican, AZ)Jon Kyl (Republican, AZ)Wayne A. Allard (Republican, CO)Ben Nighthorse Campbell (Republican, CO)Chuck Grassley (Republican, IA)Larry E. Craig (Republican, ID)Mike Crapo (Republican, ID)Peter G. Fitzgerald (Republican, IL)Richard G. Lugar (Republican, IN)Pat Roberts (Republican, KS)Samuel D. Brownback (Republican, KS)Mitch McConnell (Republican, KY)Jim Bunning (Republican, KY)Susan M. Collins (Republican, ME)Olympia J. Snowe (Republican, ME)Christopher S. Bond (Republican, MO)James M. Talent (Republican, MO)Thad Cochran (Republican, MS)Trent Lott (Republican, MS)Conrad Burns (Republican, MT)Jesse Helms (Republican, NC)Charles T. Hagel (Republican, NE)Robert Smith (Republican, NH)Judd A. Gregg (Republican, NH)Pete V. Domenici (Republican, NM)John Eric Ensign (Republican, NV)George V. Voinovich (Republican, OH)Michael DeWine (Republican, OH)James M. Inhofe (Republican, OK)Don Nickles (Republican, OK)Gordon Harold Smith (Republican, OR)Arlen Specter (Republican, PA)Richard J. Santorum (Republican, PA)Lincoln D. Chafee (Republican, RI)J. Strom Thurmond (Republican, SC)Fred Thompson (Republican, TN)William H. Frist (Republican, TN)Kay Bailey Hutchison (Republican, TX)John Cornyn (Republican, TX)Robert F. Bennett (Republican, UT)Orrin G. Hatch (Republican, UT)John W. Warner (Republican, VA)George Felix Allen (Republican, VA)Michael B. Enzi (Republican, WY)Craig Thomas (Republican, WY)
Jan 2, 2005 · 51 R · 48 D · 1 I
Blanche Lambert Lincoln (Democrat, AR)Mark L. Pryor (Democrat, AR)Barbara Boxer (Democrat, CA)Dianne Feinstein (Democrat, CA)Christopher J. Dodd (Democrat, CT)Joseph I. Lieberman (Democrat, CT)Thomas R. Carper (Democrat, DE)Joseph R. Biden Jr. (Democrat, DE)Bob Graham (Democrat, FL)Bill Nelson (Democrat, FL)Zell Bryan Miller (Democrat, GA)Daniel K. Inouye (Democrat, HI)Daniel K. Akaka (Democrat, HI)Tom Harkin (Democrat, IA)Richard J. Durbin (Democrat, IL)Evan Bayh (Democrat, IN)John B. Breaux (Democrat, LA)Mary L. Landrieu (Democrat, LA)Edward M. Kennedy (Democrat, MA)John F. Kerry (Democrat, MA)Barbara A. Mikulski (Democrat, MD)Paul S. Sarbanes (Democrat, MD)Debbie Stabenow (Democrat, MI)Carl Levin (Democrat, MI)Mark Dayton (Democrat, MN)Max Baucus (Democrat, MT)John Reid Edwards (Democrat, NC)Byron L. Dorgan (Democrat, ND)Kent Conrad (Democrat, ND)Ben Nelson (Democrat, NE)Jon Stevens Corzine (Democrat, NJ)Frank R. Lautenberg (Democrat, NJ)Jeff Bingaman (Democrat, NM)Harry Reid (Democrat, NV)Charles E. Schumer (Democrat, NY)Hillary Rodham Clinton (Democrat, NY)Ron Wyden (Democrat, OR)Jack Reed (Democrat, RI)Ernest F. Hollings (Democrat, SC)Thomas A. Daschle (Democrat, SD)Tim Johnson (Democrat, SD)Patrick J. Leahy (Democrat, VT)Patty Murray (Democrat, WA)Maria Cantwell (Democrat, WA)Russell D. Feingold (Democrat, WI)Herb Kohl (Democrat, WI)Robert C. Byrd (Democrat, WV)John D. Rockefeller, IV (Democrat, WV)James M. Jeffords (Independent, VT)Lisa Murkowski (Republican, AK)Ted F. Stevens (Republican, AK)Richard C. Shelby (Republican, AL)Jeff Sessions (Republican, AL)John McCain (Republican, AZ)Jon Kyl (Republican, AZ)Ben Nighthorse Campbell (Republican, CO)Wayne A. Allard (Republican, CO)Saxby Chambliss (Republican, GA)Chuck Grassley (Republican, IA)Mike Crapo (Republican, ID)Larry E. Craig (Republican, ID)Peter G. Fitzgerald (Republican, IL)Richard G. Lugar (Republican, IN)Samuel D. Brownback (Republican, KS)Pat Roberts (Republican, KS)Jim Bunning (Republican, KY)Mitch McConnell (Republican, KY)Olympia J. Snowe (Republican, ME)Susan M. Collins (Republican, ME)Norm Coleman (Republican, MN)Christopher S. Bond (Republican, MO)James M. Talent (Republican, MO)Trent Lott (Republican, MS)Thad Cochran (Republican, MS)Conrad Burns (Republican, MT)Elizabeth H. Dole (Republican, NC)Charles T. Hagel (Republican, NE)Judd A. Gregg (Republican, NH)John E. Sununu (Republican, NH)Pete V. Domenici (Republican, NM)John Eric Ensign (Republican, NV)George V. Voinovich (Republican, OH)Michael DeWine (Republican, OH)Don Nickles (Republican, OK)James M. Inhofe (Republican, OK)Gordon Harold Smith (Republican, OR)Arlen Specter (Republican, PA)Richard J. Santorum (Republican, PA)Lincoln D. Chafee (Republican, RI)Lindsey Graham (Republican, SC)William H. Frist (Republican, TN)Lamar Alexander (Republican, TN)Kay Bailey Hutchison (Republican, TX)John Cornyn (Republican, TX)Robert F. Bennett (Republican, UT)Orrin G. Hatch (Republican, UT)George Felix Allen (Republican, VA)John W. Warner (Republican, VA)Craig Thomas (Republican, WY)Michael B. Enzi (Republican, WY)
9 new members · 8 departed · 91 served on both dates · women 12 → 14 · median age 60 → 62
3 seats changed party
Dean Barkley I
Minnesota seat
Norm Coleman R
Minnesota seat
J. Maxwell Cleland D
Georgia seat
Saxby Chambliss R
Georgia seat
Tim Hutchinson R
Arkansas seat
Mark L. Pryor D
Arkansas seat
Who joined and who left (9 in · 8 out)
Lisa Murkowski R
Alaska
Mark L. Pryor D
Arkansas
Saxby Chambliss R
Georgia
Norm Coleman R
Minnesota
Elizabeth H. Dole R
North Carolina
John E. Sununu R
New Hampshire
Frank R. Lautenberg D
New Jersey
Lindsey Graham R
South Carolina
Lamar Alexander R
Tennessee
Tim Hutchinson R
Arkansas
J. Maxwell Cleland D
Georgia
Dean Barkley I
Minnesota
Jesse Helms R
North Carolina
Robert Smith R
New Hampshire
Robert Torricelli D
New Jersey
J. Strom Thurmond R
South Carolina
Fred Thompson R
Tennessee
legislative/houseHouse
+56−55congress-legislators ↗
Jan 3, 2003 · 223 R · 208 D · 1 I
Earl F. Hilliard (Democrat, AL-7)Robert E. Cramer Jr. (Democrat, AL-5)Robert Marion Berry (Democrat, AR-1)Victor F. Snyder (Democrat, AR-2)Mike Ross (Democrat, AR-4)Ed Pastor (Democrat, AZ-2)Gary Condit (Democrat, CA-18)Calvin M. Dooley (Democrat, CA-20)Robert T. Matsui (Democrat, CA-5)Tom Lantos (Democrat, CA-12)Juanita Millender-McDonald (Democrat, CA-37)Hilda L. Solis (Democrat, CA-31)Ellen O. Tauscher (Democrat, CA-10)Jane Harman (Democrat, CA-36)Bob Filner (Democrat, CA-50)Joe Baca (Democrat, CA-42)Howard L. Berman (Democrat, CA-26)Fortney Pete Stark (Democrat, CA-13)Lynn C. Woolsey (Democrat, CA-6)George Miller (Democrat, CA-7)Henry A. Waxman (Democrat, CA-29)Lois Capps (Democrat, CA-22)Sam Farr (Democrat, CA-17)Michael M. Honda (Democrat, CA-15)Loretta Sanchez (Democrat, CA-46)Xavier Becerra (Democrat, CA-30)Susan A. Davis (Democrat, CA-49)Lucille Roybal-Allard (Democrat, CA-33)Anna G. Eshoo (Democrat, CA-14)Barbara Lee (Democrat, CA-9)Grace F. Napolitano (Democrat, CA-34)Zoe Lofgren (Democrat, CA-16)Nancy Pelosi (Democrat, CA-8)Adam B. Schiff (Democrat, CA-27)Brad Sherman (Democrat, CA-24)Mike Thompson (Democrat, CA-1)Maxine Waters (Democrat, CA-35)Diane E. Watson (Democrat, CA-32)Mark Udall (Democrat, CO-2)Diana DeGette (Democrat, CO-1)James Maloney (Democrat, CT-5)Rosa L. DeLauro (Democrat, CT-3)John B. Larson (Democrat, CT-1)Carrie Meek (Democrat, FL-17)Karen Thurman (Democrat, FL-5)Peter Deutsch (Democrat, FL-20)James Davis (Democrat, FL-11)Allen Boyd Jr. (Democrat, FL-2)Robert Wexler (Democrat, FL-19)Corrine Brown (Democrat, FL-3)Alcee L. Hastings (Democrat, FL-23)Cynthia McKinney (Democrat, GA-4)John Lewis (Democrat, GA-5)Sanford D. Bishop, Jr. (Democrat, GA-2)Neil Abercrombie (Democrat, HI-1)Leonard L. Boswell (Democrat, IA-3)Rod Blagojevich (Democrat, IL-5)David Phelps (Democrat, IL-19)William O. Lipinski (Democrat, IL-3)Lane A. Evans (Democrat, IL-17)Jesse L. Jackson Jr. (Democrat, IL-2)Jerry F. Costello (Democrat, IL-12)Luis V. Gutiérrez (Democrat, IL-4)Bobby L. Rush (Democrat, IL-1)Danny K. Davis (Democrat, IL-7)Janice D. Schakowsky (Democrat, IL-9)Timothy Roemer (Democrat, IN-3)Julia M. Carson (Democrat, IN-10)Baron P. Hill (Democrat, IN-9)Peter J. Visclosky (Democrat, IN-1)Dennis Moore (Democrat, KS-3)Kenneth R. Lucas (Democrat, KY-4)Christopher John (Democrat, LA-7)William J. Jefferson (Democrat, LA-2)Martin T. Meehan (Democrat, MA-5)William D. Delahunt (Democrat, MA-10)Barney Frank (Democrat, MA-4)John W. Olver (Democrat, MA-1)John F. Tierney (Democrat, MA-6)Michael E. Capuano (Democrat, MA-8)Edward J. Markey (Democrat, MA-7)James P. McGovern (Democrat, MA-3)Richard E. Neal (Democrat, MA-2)Stephen F. Lynch (Democrat, MA-9)Albert Russell Wynn (Democrat, MD-4)Elijah E. Cummings (Democrat, MD-7)Benjamin L. Cardin (Democrat, MD-3)Steny H. Hoyer (Democrat, MD-5)John Baldacci (Democrat, ME-2)Thomas H. Allen (Democrat, ME-1)James A. Barcia (Democrat, MI-5)David E. Bonior (Democrat, MI-10)Lynn Rivers (Democrat, MI-13)Carolyn Cheeks Kilpatrick (Democrat, MI-15)Bart T. Stupak (Democrat, MI-1)Dale E. Kildee (Democrat, MI-9)John D. Dingell (Democrat, MI-16)John Conyers, Jr. (Democrat, MI-14)Sander M. Levin (Democrat, MI-12)William Luther (Democrat, MN-6)Martin Olav Sabo (Democrat, MN-5)James L. Oberstar (Democrat, MN-8)Collin C. Peterson (Democrat, MN-7)Betty McCollum (Democrat, MN-4)Richard Andrew Gephardt (Democrat, MO-3)Karen McCarthy (Democrat, MO-5)Ike Skelton (Democrat, MO-4)Wm. Lacy Clay (Democrat, MO-1)Ronnie Shows (Democrat, MS-4)Gene Taylor (Democrat, MS-5)Bennie G. Thompson (Democrat, MS-2)Eva Clayton (Democrat, NC-1)Bob R. Etheridge (Democrat, NC-2)Melvin L. Watt (Democrat, NC-12)Mike McIntyre (Democrat, NC-7)David E. Price (Democrat, NC-4)Earl Ralph Pomeroy (Democrat, ND-AL)Donald M. Payne (Democrat, NJ-10)Steven R. Rothman (Democrat, NJ-9)Robert E. Andrews (Democrat, NJ-1)Rush Holt (Democrat, NJ-12)Bill Pascrell, Jr. (Democrat, NJ-8)Robert Menendez (Democrat, NJ-13)Frank Pallone, Jr. (Democrat, NJ-6)Tom Udall (Democrat, NM-3)Shelley Berkley (Democrat, NV-1)John J. LaFalce (Democrat, NY-29)Major R. Owens (Democrat, NY-11)Michael R. McNulty (Democrat, NY-21)Anthony David Weiner (Democrat, NY-9)Gary L. Ackerman (Democrat, NY-5)Maurice D. Hinchey (Democrat, NY-26)Edolphus Towns (Democrat, NY-10)Carolyn McCarthy (Democrat, NY-4)Steve Israel (Democrat, NY-2)Charles B. Rangel (Democrat, NY-15)Louise McIntosh Slaughter (Democrat, NY-28)Joseph Crowley (Democrat, NY-7)Eliot L. Engel (Democrat, NY-17)Nita M. Lowey (Democrat, NY-18)José E. Serrano (Democrat, NY-16)Carolyn B. Maloney (Democrat, NY-14)Gregory W. Meeks (Democrat, NY-6)Jerrold Nadler (Democrat, NY-8)Nydia M. Velázquez (Democrat, NY-12)Thomas C. Sawyer (Democrat, OH-14)Ted Strickland (Democrat, OH-6)Stephanie Tubbs Jones (Democrat, OH-11)Dennis J. Kucinich (Democrat, OH-10)Sherrod Brown (Democrat, OH-13)Marcy Kaptur (Democrat, OH-9)Brad Carson (Democrat, OK-2)Darlene Hooley (Democrat, OR-5)David Wu (Democrat, OR-1)Peter A. DeFazio (Democrat, OR-4)Earl Blumenauer (Democrat, OR-3)Robert A. Borski (Democrat, PA-3)William J. Coyne (Democrat, PA-14)Frank Mascara (Democrat, PA-20)Joseph M. Hoeffel (Democrat, PA-13)Paul E. Kanjorski (Democrat, PA-11)John P. Murtha (Democrat, PA-12)Tim Holden (Democrat, PA-6)Chaka Fattah (Democrat, PA-2)Robert A. Brady (Democrat, PA-1)Michael F. Doyle (Democrat, PA-18)Patrick Joseph Kennedy (Democrat, RI-1)James R. Langevin (Democrat, RI-2)John McKee Spratt Jr. (Democrat, SC-5)James E. Clyburn (Democrat, SC-6)Robert Clement (Democrat, TN-5)Harold E. Ford Jr. (Democrat, TN-9)Barton Jennings Gordon (Democrat, TN-6)John S. Tanner (Democrat, TN-8)Ken Bentsen (Democrat, TX-25)Jonas Frost III (Democrat, TX-24)Max A. Sandlin Jr. (Democrat, TX-1)Charles W. Stenholm (Democrat, TX-17)James Turner (Democrat, TX-2)Nicholas V. Lampson (Democrat, TX-9)Thomas Edwards (Democrat, TX-11)Solomon P. Ortiz (Democrat, TX-27)Ciro D. Rodriguez (Democrat, TX-28)Charles A. Gonzalez (Democrat, TX-20)Silvestre Reyes (Democrat, TX-16)Ralph M. Hall (Democrat, TX-4)Rubén Hinojosa (Democrat, TX-15)Gene Green (Democrat, TX-29)Eddie Bernice Johnson (Democrat, TX-30)Sheila Jackson Lee (Democrat, TX-18)Lloyd Doggett (Democrat, TX-10)Jim Matheson (Democrat, UT-2)Frederick C. Boucher (Democrat, VA-9)James P. Moran (Democrat, VA-8)Robert C. "Bobby" Scott (Democrat, VA-3)Brian N. Baird (Democrat, WA-3)Jay Inslee (Democrat, WA-1)Norman D. Dicks (Democrat, WA-6)Jim McDermott (Democrat, WA-7)Rick Larsen (Democrat, WA-2)Adam Smith (Democrat, WA-9)Thomas M. Barrett (Democrat, WI-5)Gerald D. Kleczka (Democrat, WI-4)David Ross Obey (Democrat, WI-7)Ron Kind (Democrat, WI-3)Tammy Baldwin (Democrat, WI-2)Alan B. Mollohan (Democrat, WV-1)Nick J. Rahall II (Democrat, WV-3)Bernard Sanders (Independent, VT-AL)Don Young (Republican, AK-AL)H. L. Callahan (Republican, AL-1)Bob Riley (Republican, AL-3)Terry Everett (Republican, AL-2)Spencer Bachus (Republican, AL-6)Robert B. Aderholt (Republican, AL-4)John Boozman (Republican, AR-3)Robert Stump (Republican, AZ-3)John D. Hayworth Jr. (Republican, AZ-6)James T. Kolbe (Republican, AZ-5)John B. Shadegg (Republican, AZ-4)Jeff Flake (Republican, AZ-1)Stephen Horn (Republican, CA-38)Doug Ose (Republican, CA-3)C. Christopher Cox (Republican, CA-47)Randall H. Cunningham (Republican, CA-51)Richard W. Pombo (Republican, CA-11)William M. Thomas (Republican, CA-21)John T. Doolittle (Republican, CA-4)Duncan L. Hunter (Republican, CA-52)George P. Radanovich (Republican, CA-19)Mary Bono Mack (Republican, CA-44)David Dreier (Republican, CA-28)Elton Gallegly (Republican, CA-23)Wally Herger (Republican, CA-2)Jerry Lewis (Republican, CA-40)Howard P. "Buck" McKeon (Republican, CA-25)Gary G. Miller (Republican, CA-41)Dana Rohrabacher (Republican, CA-45)Edward R. Royce (Republican, CA-39)Ken Calvert (Republican, CA-43)Darrell Issa (Republican, CA-48)Bob Schaffer (Republican, CO-4)Scott McInnis (Republican, CO-3)Joel Hefley (Republican, CO-5)Thomas G. Tancredo (Republican, CO-6)Nancy Lee Johnson (Republican, CT-6)Robert Ruhl Simmons (Republican, CT-2)Christopher H. Shays (Republican, CT-4)Michael N. Castle (Republican, DE-AL)Dan Miller (Republican, FL-13)Porter J. Goss (Republican, FL-14)Michael Bilirakis (Republican, FL-9)Mark Adam Foley (Republican, FL-16)E. Clay Shaw Jr. (Republican, FL-22)Ric Keller (Republican, FL-8)David J. Weldon Jr. (Republican, FL-15)Lincoln Diaz-Balart (Republican, FL-21)Adam H. Putnam (Republican, FL-12)Cliff Stearns (Republican, FL-6)C. W. Bill Young (Republican, FL-10)Ander Crenshaw (Republican, FL-4)John L. Mica (Republican, FL-7)Ileana Ros-Lehtinen (Republican, FL-18)Jeff Miller (Republican, FL-1)Bob Barr (Republican, GA-7)Michael Allen Collins (Republican, GA-3)Charles W. Norwood Jr. (Republican, GA-10)Nathan Deal (Republican, GA-9)John Linder (Republican, GA-11)Saxby Chambliss (Republican, GA-8)Jack Kingston (Republican, GA-1)Johnny Isakson (Republican, GA-6)Greg Ganske (Republican, IA-4)James A. Leach (Republican, IA-1)James Allen Nussle (Republican, IA-2)Tom Latham (Republican, IA-5)C.L. Otter (Republican, ID-1)Michael K. Simpson (Republican, ID-2)Philip M. Crane (Republican, IL-8)Henry John Hyde (Republican, IL-6)J. Dennis Hastert (Republican, IL-14)Ray H. LaHood (Republican, IL-18)Gerald C. Weller (Republican, IL-11)Judy Biggert (Republican, IL-13)Timothy V. Johnson (Republican, IL-15)Donald A. Manzullo (Republican, IL-16)Mark Kirk (Republican, IL-10)John Shimkus (Republican, IL-20)Brian Kerns (Republican, IN-7)John Nathan Hostettler (Republican, IN-8)Stephen E. Buyer (Republican, IN-5)Mark Edward Souder (Republican, IN-4)Dan Burton (Republican, IN-6)Mike Pence (Republican, IN-2)Jim R. Ryun (Republican, KS-2)Todd Tiahrt (Republican, KS-4)Jerry Moran (Republican, KS-1)Ernest Lee Fletcher (Republican, KY-6)Anne Meagher Northup (Republican, KY-3)Ron Lewis (Republican, KY-2)Ed Whitfield (Republican, KY-1)Harold Rogers (Republican, KY-5)John Cooksey (Republican, LA-5)William J. Tauzin (Republican, LA-3)Richard Hugh Baker (Republican, LA-6)James O. McCrery III (Republican, LA-4)David Vitter (Republican, LA-1)Robert L. Ehrlich Jr. (Republican, MD-2)Constance Morella (Republican, MD-8)Wayne T. Gilchrest (Republican, MD-1)Roscoe G. Bartlett (Republican, MD-6)Nick Smith (Republican, MI-7)Joseph K. Knollenberg (Republican, MI-11)Vernon J. Ehlers (Republican, MI-3)Peter Hoekstra (Republican, MI-2)Dave Camp (Republican, MI-4)Mike Rogers (Republican, MI-8)Fred Upton (Republican, MI-6)Gilbert W. Gutknecht (Republican, MN-1)Mark R. Kennedy (Republican, MN-2)James M. Ramstad (Republican, MN-3)Kenny C. Hulshof (Republican, MO-9)W. Todd Akin (Republican, MO-2)Jo Ann Emerson (Republican, MO-8)Roy Blunt (Republican, MO-7)Sam Graves (Republican, MO-6)Charles W. Pickering Jr. (Republican, MS-3)Roger F. Wicker (Republican, MS-1)Denny Rehberg (Republican, MT-AL)Cass Ballenger (Republican, NC-10)Charles H. Taylor (Republican, NC-11)Robin C. Hayes (Republican, NC-8)Sue Wilkins Myrick (Republican, NC-9)Howard Coble (Republican, NC-6)Walter B. Jones (Republican, NC-3)Richard Burr (Republican, NC-5)Douglas K. Bereuter (Republican, NE-1)Thomas William Osborne (Republican, NE-3)Lee Terry (Republican, NE-2)John E. Sununu (Republican, NH-1)Charles F. Bass (Republican, NH-2)Marge Roukema (Republican, NJ-5)Michael Ferguson (Republican, NJ-7)H. James Saxton (Republican, NJ-3)Rodney P. Frelinghuysen (Republican, NJ-11)Frank A. LoBiondo (Republican, NJ-2)Christopher H. Smith (Republican, NJ-4)Joseph Skeen (Republican, NM-2)Heather A. Wilson (Republican, NM-1)James A. Gibbons (Republican, NV-2)Benjamin Gilman (Republican, NY-20)Felix Grucci (Republican, NY-1)Amory Houghton Jr. (Republican, NY-31)Jack Quinn (Republican, NY-30)Sherwood L. Boehlert (Republican, NY-23)Sue W. Kelly (Republican, NY-19)John E. Sweeney (Republican, NY-22)Vito J. Fossella Jr. (Republican, NY-13)Thomas M. Reynolds (Republican, NY-27)James T. Walsh (Republican, NY-25)John M. McHugh (Republican, NY-24)Peter T. King (Republican, NY-3)Robert William Ney (Republican, OH-18)Michael G. Oxley (Republican, OH-4)Paul E. Gillmor (Republican, OH-5)David Lee Hobson (Republican, OH-7)Deborah D. Pryce (Republican, OH-15)Ralph Regula (Republican, OH-16)Steven C. LaTourette (Republican, OH-19)John A. Boehner (Republican, OH-8)Patrick J. Tiberi (Republican, OH-12)Steve Chabot (Republican, OH-1)Rob Portman (Republican, OH-2)Wes Watkins (Republican, OK-3)J.C. Watts (Republican, OK-4)Ernest J. Istook Jr. (Republican, OK-5)Frank D. Lucas (Republican, OK-6)John Sullivan (Republican, OK-1)Greg Walden (Republican, OR-2)George W. Gekas (Republican, PA-17)James C. Greenwood (Republican, PA-8)Melissa A. Hart (Republican, PA-4)Donald L. Sherwood (Republican, PA-10)W. Curtis Weldon (Republican, PA-7)Philip English (Republican, PA-21)John E. Peterson (Republican, PA-5)Todd Russell Platts (Republican, PA-19)Joseph R. Pitts (Republican, PA-16)Patrick J. Toomey (Republican, PA-15)Bill Shuster (Republican, PA-9)Henry E. Brown Jr. (Republican, SC-1)Jim DeMint (Republican, SC-4)Lindsey Graham (Republican, SC-3)Joe Wilson (Republican, SC-2)John Thune (Republican, SD-AL)Ed Bryant (Republican, TN-7)Van Hilleary (Republican, TN-4)William Lewis Jenkins (Republican, TN-1)Zach Wamp (Republican, TN-3)John J. Duncan, Jr. (Republican, TN-2)Richard K. Armey (Republican, TX-26)Larry Combest (Republican, TX-19)Henry Bonilla (Republican, TX-23)Thomas Dale DeLay (Republican, TX-22)Ron Paul (Republican, TX-14)Joe Barton (Republican, TX-6)John Abney Culberson (Republican, TX-7)Sam Johnson (Republican, TX-3)Lamar Smith (Republican, TX-21)Mac Thornberry (Republican, TX-13)Kevin Brady (Republican, TX-8)Kay Granger (Republican, TX-12)Pete Sessions (Republican, TX-5)James V. Hansen (Republican, UT-1)Christopher B. Cannon (Republican, UT-3)Edward L. Schrock (Republican, VA-2)Jo Ann S. Davis (Republican, VA-1)Thomas M. Davis III (Republican, VA-11)Eric Cantor (Republican, VA-7)Frank R. Wolf (Republican, VA-10)Bob Goodlatte (Republican, VA-6)J. Randy Forbes (Republican, VA-4)Virgil H. Goode Jr. (Republican, VA-5)Jennifer B. Dunn (Republican, WA-8)George R. Nethercutt Jr. (Republican, WA-5)Doc Hastings (Republican, WA-4)Mark A. Green (Republican, WI-8)Thomas E. Petri (Republican, WI-6)Paul D. Ryan (Republican, WI-1)F. James Sensenbrenner, Jr. (Republican, WI-9)Shelley Moore Capito (Republican, WV-2)Barbara L. Cubin (Republican, WY-AL)
Jan 2, 2005 · 227 R · 205 D · 1 I
Robert E. Cramer Jr. (Democrat, AL-5)Artur Davis (Democrat, AL-7)Robert Marion Berry (Democrat, AR-1)Victor F. Snyder (Democrat, AR-2)Mike Ross (Democrat, AR-4)Ed Pastor (Democrat, AZ-4)Raúl M. Grijalva (Democrat, AZ-7)Calvin M. Dooley (Democrat, CA-20)Robert T. Matsui (Democrat, CA-5)Tom Lantos (Democrat, CA-12)Juanita Millender-McDonald (Democrat, CA-37)Hilda L. Solis (Democrat, CA-32)Ellen O. Tauscher (Democrat, CA-10)Diane E. Watson (Democrat, CA-33)Dennis A. Cardoza (Democrat, CA-18)Jane Harman (Democrat, CA-36)Bob Filner (Democrat, CA-51)Joe Baca (Democrat, CA-43)Howard L. Berman (Democrat, CA-28)Fortney Pete Stark (Democrat, CA-13)Lynn C. Woolsey (Democrat, CA-6)George Miller (Democrat, CA-7)Henry A. Waxman (Democrat, CA-30)Lois Capps (Democrat, CA-23)Sam Farr (Democrat, CA-17)Michael M. Honda (Democrat, CA-15)Loretta Sanchez (Democrat, CA-47)Xavier Becerra (Democrat, CA-31)Susan A. Davis (Democrat, CA-53)Lucille Roybal-Allard (Democrat, CA-34)Anna G. Eshoo (Democrat, CA-14)Barbara Lee (Democrat, CA-9)Grace F. Napolitano (Democrat, CA-38)Zoe Lofgren (Democrat, CA-16)Nancy Pelosi (Democrat, CA-8)Adam B. Schiff (Democrat, CA-29)Brad Sherman (Democrat, CA-27)Linda T. Sánchez (Democrat, CA-39)Mike Thompson (Democrat, CA-1)Maxine Waters (Democrat, CA-35)Mark Udall (Democrat, CO-2)Diana DeGette (Democrat, CO-1)Rosa L. DeLauro (Democrat, CT-3)John B. Larson (Democrat, CT-1)Peter Deutsch (Democrat, FL-20)James Davis (Democrat, FL-11)Allen Boyd Jr. (Democrat, FL-2)Kendrick Brett Meek (Democrat, FL-17)Robert Wexler (Democrat, FL-19)Corrine Brown (Democrat, FL-3)Alcee L. Hastings (Democrat, FL-23)Denise Majette (Democrat, GA-4)James Marshall (Democrat, GA-3)John Lewis (Democrat, GA-5)David Scott (Democrat, GA-13)Sanford D. Bishop, Jr. (Democrat, GA-2)Neil Abercrombie (Democrat, HI-1)Ed Case (Democrat, HI-2)Leonard L. Boswell (Democrat, IA-3)William O. Lipinski (Democrat, IL-3)Lane A. Evans (Democrat, IL-17)Rahm Emanuel (Democrat, IL-5)Jesse L. Jackson Jr. (Democrat, IL-2)Jerry F. Costello (Democrat, IL-12)Luis V. Gutiérrez (Democrat, IL-4)Bobby L. Rush (Democrat, IL-1)Danny K. Davis (Democrat, IL-7)Janice D. Schakowsky (Democrat, IL-9)Julia M. Carson (Democrat, IN-7)Baron P. Hill (Democrat, IN-9)Peter J. Visclosky (Democrat, IN-1)Dennis Moore (Democrat, KS-3)Kenneth R. Lucas (Democrat, KY-4)Ben Chandler (Democrat, KY-6)Christopher John (Democrat, LA-7)William J. Jefferson (Democrat, LA-2)Martin T. Meehan (Democrat, MA-5)William D. Delahunt (Democrat, MA-10)Barney Frank (Democrat, MA-4)John W. Olver (Democrat, MA-1)John F. Tierney (Democrat, MA-6)Michael E. Capuano (Democrat, MA-8)Stephen F. Lynch (Democrat, MA-9)Edward J. Markey (Democrat, MA-7)James P. McGovern (Democrat, MA-3)Richard E. Neal (Democrat, MA-2)Albert Russell Wynn (Democrat, MD-4)Elijah E. Cummings (Democrat, MD-7)Benjamin L. Cardin (Democrat, MD-3)C. A. Dutch Ruppersberger (Democrat, MD-2)Steny H. Hoyer (Democrat, MD-5)Chris Van Hollen (Democrat, MD-8)Thomas H. Allen (Democrat, ME-1)Michael H. Michaud (Democrat, ME-2)Carolyn Cheeks Kilpatrick (Democrat, MI-13)Bart T. Stupak (Democrat, MI-1)Dale E. Kildee (Democrat, MI-5)John D. Dingell (Democrat, MI-15)John Conyers, Jr. (Democrat, MI-14)Sander M. Levin (Democrat, MI-12)Martin Olav Sabo (Democrat, MN-5)James L. Oberstar (Democrat, MN-8)Collin C. Peterson (Democrat, MN-7)Betty McCollum (Democrat, MN-4)Richard Andrew Gephardt (Democrat, MO-3)Karen McCarthy (Democrat, MO-5)Ike Skelton (Democrat, MO-4)Wm. Lacy Clay (Democrat, MO-1)Gene Taylor (Democrat, MS-4)Bennie G. Thompson (Democrat, MS-2)Bob R. Etheridge (Democrat, NC-2)Brad Miller (Democrat, NC-13)Melvin L. Watt (Democrat, NC-12)Mike McIntyre (Democrat, NC-7)David E. Price (Democrat, NC-4)G. K. Butterfield (Democrat, NC-1)Earl Ralph Pomeroy (Democrat, ND-AL)Donald M. Payne (Democrat, NJ-10)Steven R. Rothman (Democrat, NJ-9)Robert E. Andrews (Democrat, NJ-1)Rush Holt (Democrat, NJ-12)Bill Pascrell, Jr. (Democrat, NJ-8)Robert Menendez (Democrat, NJ-13)Frank Pallone, Jr. (Democrat, NJ-6)Tom Udall (Democrat, NM-3)Shelley Berkley (Democrat, NV-1)Major R. Owens (Democrat, NY-11)Michael R. McNulty (Democrat, NY-21)Anthony David Weiner (Democrat, NY-9)Gary L. Ackerman (Democrat, NY-5)Maurice D. Hinchey (Democrat, NY-22)Edolphus Towns (Democrat, NY-10)Timothy H. Bishop (Democrat, NY-1)Carolyn McCarthy (Democrat, NY-4)Steve Israel (Democrat, NY-2)Charles B. Rangel (Democrat, NY-15)Louise McIntosh Slaughter (Democrat, NY-28)Joseph Crowley (Democrat, NY-7)Eliot L. Engel (Democrat, NY-17)Nita M. Lowey (Democrat, NY-18)José E. Serrano (Democrat, NY-16)Carolyn B. Maloney (Democrat, NY-14)Gregory W. Meeks (Democrat, NY-6)Jerrold Nadler (Democrat, NY-8)Nydia M. Velázquez (Democrat, NY-12)Ted Strickland (Democrat, OH-6)Stephanie Tubbs Jones (Democrat, OH-11)Dennis J. Kucinich (Democrat, OH-10)Tim Ryan (Democrat, OH-17)Sherrod Brown (Democrat, OH-13)Marcy Kaptur (Democrat, OH-9)Brad Carson (Democrat, OK-2)Darlene Hooley (Democrat, OR-5)David Wu (Democrat, OR-1)Peter A. DeFazio (Democrat, OR-4)Earl Blumenauer (Democrat, OR-3)Joseph M. Hoeffel (Democrat, PA-13)Paul E. Kanjorski (Democrat, PA-11)John P. Murtha (Democrat, PA-12)Tim Holden (Democrat, PA-17)Chaka Fattah (Democrat, PA-2)Robert A. Brady (Democrat, PA-1)Michael F. Doyle (Democrat, PA-14)Patrick Joseph Kennedy (Democrat, RI-1)James R. Langevin (Democrat, RI-2)John McKee Spratt Jr. (Democrat, SC-5)James E. Clyburn (Democrat, SC-6)Stephanie Herseth Sandlin (Democrat, SD-AL)Harold E. Ford Jr. (Democrat, TN-9)Lincoln Davis (Democrat, TN-4)Barton Jennings Gordon (Democrat, TN-6)John S. Tanner (Democrat, TN-8)Jim Cooper (Democrat, TN-5)Chris Bell (Democrat, TX-25)Jonas Frost III (Democrat, TX-24)Max A. Sandlin Jr. (Democrat, TX-1)Charles W. Stenholm (Democrat, TX-17)James Turner (Democrat, TX-2)Nicholas V. Lampson (Democrat, TX-9)Thomas Edwards (Democrat, TX-11)Solomon P. Ortiz (Democrat, TX-27)Ciro D. Rodriguez (Democrat, TX-28)Charles A. Gonzalez (Democrat, TX-20)Silvestre Reyes (Democrat, TX-16)Rubén Hinojosa (Democrat, TX-15)Gene Green (Democrat, TX-29)Eddie Bernice Johnson (Democrat, TX-30)Sheila Jackson Lee (Democrat, TX-18)Lloyd Doggett (Democrat, TX-10)Jim Matheson (Democrat, UT-2)Frederick C. Boucher (Democrat, VA-9)James P. Moran (Democrat, VA-8)Robert C. "Bobby" Scott (Democrat, VA-3)Brian N. Baird (Democrat, WA-3)Jay Inslee (Democrat, WA-1)Norman D. Dicks (Democrat, WA-6)Jim McDermott (Democrat, WA-7)Rick Larsen (Democrat, WA-2)Adam Smith (Democrat, WA-9)Gerald D. Kleczka (Democrat, WI-4)David Ross Obey (Democrat, WI-7)Ron Kind (Democrat, WI-3)Tammy Baldwin (Democrat, WI-2)Alan B. Mollohan (Democrat, WV-1)Nick J. Rahall II (Democrat, WV-3)Bernard Sanders (Independent, VT-AL)Don Young (Republican, AK-AL)Terry Everett (Republican, AL-2)Jo Bonner (Republican, AL-1)Spencer Bachus (Republican, AL-6)Robert B. Aderholt (Republican, AL-4)Mike Rogers (Republican, AL-3)John Boozman (Republican, AR-3)John D. Hayworth Jr. (Republican, AZ-5)James T. Kolbe (Republican, AZ-8)Rick Renzi (Republican, AZ-1)John B. Shadegg (Republican, AZ-3)Trent Franks (Republican, AZ-2)Jeff Flake (Republican, AZ-6)Doug Ose (Republican, CA-3)C. Christopher Cox (Republican, CA-48)Randall H. Cunningham (Republican, CA-50)Richard W. Pombo (Republican, CA-11)William M. Thomas (Republican, CA-22)John T. Doolittle (Republican, CA-4)Duncan L. Hunter (Republican, CA-52)George P. Radanovich (Republican, CA-19)Mary Bono Mack (Republican, CA-45)David Dreier (Republican, CA-26)Elton Gallegly (Republican, CA-24)Wally Herger (Republican, CA-2)Jerry Lewis (Republican, CA-41)Howard P. "Buck" McKeon (Republican, CA-25)Gary G. Miller (Republican, CA-42)Dana Rohrabacher (Republican, CA-46)Edward R. Royce (Republican, CA-40)Devin Nunes (Republican, CA-21)Ken Calvert (Republican, CA-44)Darrell Issa (Republican, CA-49)Scott McInnis (Republican, CO-3)Bob Beauprez (Republican, CO-7)Joel Hefley (Republican, CO-5)Marilyn N. Musgrave (Republican, CO-4)Thomas G. Tancredo (Republican, CO-6)Nancy Lee Johnson (Republican, CT-5)Robert Ruhl Simmons (Republican, CT-2)Christopher H. Shays (Republican, CT-4)Michael N. Castle (Republican, DE-AL)Michael Bilirakis (Republican, FL-9)Mark Adam Foley (Republican, FL-16)Katherine Harris (Republican, FL-13)E. Clay Shaw Jr. (Republican, FL-22)Tom C. Feeney (Republican, FL-24)Ric Keller (Republican, FL-8)David J. Weldon Jr. (Republican, FL-15)Virginia Brown-Waite (Republican, FL-5)Lincoln Diaz-Balart (Republican, FL-21)Adam H. Putnam (Republican, FL-12)Cliff Stearns (Republican, FL-6)C. W. Bill Young (Republican, FL-10)Ander Crenshaw (Republican, FL-4)John L. Mica (Republican, FL-7)Jeff Miller (Republican, FL-1)Ileana Ros-Lehtinen (Republican, FL-18)Mario Diaz-Balart (Republican, FL-25)Max Burns (Republican, GA-12)Michael Allen Collins (Republican, GA-8)Charles W. Norwood Jr. (Republican, GA-9)Nathan Deal (Republican, GA-10)John Linder (Republican, GA-7)Phil Gingrey (Republican, GA-11)Jack Kingston (Republican, GA-1)Johnny Isakson (Republican, GA-6)James A. Leach (Republican, IA-2)James Allen Nussle (Republican, IA-1)Tom Latham (Republican, IA-4)Steve King (Republican, IA-5)C.L. Otter (Republican, ID-1)Michael K. Simpson (Republican, ID-2)Philip M. Crane (Republican, IL-8)Henry John Hyde (Republican, IL-6)J. Dennis Hastert (Republican, IL-14)Ray H. LaHood (Republican, IL-18)Gerald C. Weller (Republican, IL-11)Judy Biggert (Republican, IL-13)Timothy V. Johnson (Republican, IL-15)Donald A. Manzullo (Republican, IL-16)Mark Kirk (Republican, IL-10)John Shimkus (Republican, IL-19)Chris Chocola (Republican, IN-2)John Nathan Hostettler (Republican, IN-8)Stephen E. Buyer (Republican, IN-4)Mark Edward Souder (Republican, IN-3)Dan Burton (Republican, IN-5)Mike Pence (Republican, IN-6)Jim R. Ryun (Republican, KS-2)Todd Tiahrt (Republican, KS-4)Jerry Moran (Republican, KS-1)Anne Meagher Northup (Republican, KY-3)Ron Lewis (Republican, KY-2)Ed Whitfield (Republican, KY-1)Harold Rogers (Republican, KY-5)William J. Tauzin (Republican, LA-3)Richard Hugh Baker (Republican, LA-6)James O. McCrery III (Republican, LA-4)David Vitter (Republican, LA-1)Rodney Alexander (Republican, LA-5)Wayne T. Gilchrest (Republican, MD-1)Roscoe G. Bartlett (Republican, MD-6)Nick Smith (Republican, MI-7)Joseph K. Knollenberg (Republican, MI-9)Vernon J. Ehlers (Republican, MI-3)Peter Hoekstra (Republican, MI-2)Thaddeus G. McCotter (Republican, MI-11)Dave Camp (Republican, MI-4)Mike Rogers (Republican, MI-8)Candice S. Miller (Republican, MI-10)Fred Upton (Republican, MI-6)Gilbert W. Gutknecht (Republican, MN-1)Mark R. Kennedy (Republican, MN-6)James M. Ramstad (Republican, MN-3)John Kline (Republican, MN-2)Kenny C. Hulshof (Republican, MO-9)W. Todd Akin (Republican, MO-2)Jo Ann Emerson (Republican, MO-8)Roy Blunt (Republican, MO-7)Sam Graves (Republican, MO-6)Charles W. Pickering Jr. (Republican, MS-3)Roger F. Wicker (Republican, MS-1)Denny Rehberg (Republican, MT-AL)Cass Ballenger (Republican, NC-10)Charles H. Taylor (Republican, NC-11)Robin C. Hayes (Republican, NC-8)Sue Wilkins Myrick (Republican, NC-9)Howard Coble (Republican, NC-6)Walter B. Jones (Republican, NC-3)Richard Burr (Republican, NC-5)Thomas William Osborne (Republican, NE-3)Lee Terry (Republican, NE-2)Jeb E. Bradley (Republican, NH-1)Charles F. Bass (Republican, NH-2)Michael Ferguson (Republican, NJ-7)H. James Saxton (Republican, NJ-3)Scott Garrett (Republican, NJ-5)Rodney P. Frelinghuysen (Republican, NJ-11)Frank A. LoBiondo (Republican, NJ-2)Christopher H. Smith (Republican, NJ-4)Heather A. Wilson (Republican, NM-1)Stevan Pearce (Republican, NM-2)James A. Gibbons (Republican, NV-2)Jon Christopher Porter Sr. (Republican, NV-3)Amory Houghton Jr. (Republican, NY-29)Jack Quinn (Republican, NY-27)Sherwood L. Boehlert (Republican, NY-24)Sue W. Kelly (Republican, NY-19)John E. Sweeney (Republican, NY-20)Vito J. Fossella Jr. (Republican, NY-13)Thomas M. Reynolds (Republican, NY-26)James T. Walsh (Republican, NY-25)John M. McHugh (Republican, NY-23)Peter T. King (Republican, NY-3)Robert William Ney (Republican, OH-18)Michael G. Oxley (Republican, OH-4)Paul E. Gillmor (Republican, OH-5)David Lee Hobson (Republican, OH-7)Deborah D. Pryce (Republican, OH-15)Ralph Regula (Republican, OH-16)Steven C. LaTourette (Republican, OH-14)John A. Boehner (Republican, OH-8)Patrick J. Tiberi (Republican, OH-12)Steve Chabot (Republican, OH-1)Rob Portman (Republican, OH-2)Michael R. Turner (Republican, OH-3)Ernest J. Istook Jr. (Republican, OK-5)John Sullivan (Republican, OK-1)Tom Cole (Republican, OK-4)Frank D. Lucas (Republican, OK-3)Greg Walden (Republican, OR-2)James C. Greenwood (Republican, PA-8)Melissa A. Hart (Republican, PA-4)Donald L. Sherwood (Republican, PA-10)W. Curtis Weldon (Republican, PA-7)Philip English (Republican, PA-3)John E. Peterson (Republican, PA-5)Todd Russell Platts (Republican, PA-19)Jim Gerlach (Republican, PA-6)Joseph R. Pitts (Republican, PA-16)Tim Murphy (Republican, PA-18)Bill Shuster (Republican, PA-9)Patrick J. Toomey (Republican, PA-15)James Gresham Barrett (Republican, SC-3)Henry E. Brown Jr. (Republican, SC-1)Jim DeMint (Republican, SC-4)Joe Wilson (Republican, SC-2)William Lewis Jenkins (Republican, TN-1)Zach Wamp (Republican, TN-3)John J. Duncan, Jr. (Republican, TN-2)Marsha Blackburn (Republican, TN-7)Henry Bonilla (Republican, TX-23)Thomas Dale DeLay (Republican, TX-22)Ron Paul (Republican, TX-14)Joe Barton (Republican, TX-6)John Abney Culberson (Republican, TX-7)Jeb Hensarling (Republican, TX-5)Sam Johnson (Republican, TX-3)Lamar Smith (Republican, TX-21)Mac Thornberry (Republican, TX-13)Kevin Brady (Republican, TX-8)Michael C. Burgess (Republican, TX-26)Kay Granger (Republican, TX-12)John R. Carter (Republican, TX-31)Pete Sessions (Republican, TX-32)Randy Neugebauer (Republican, TX-19)Ralph M. Hall (Republican, TX-4)Christopher B. Cannon (Republican, UT-3)Rob Bishop (Republican, UT-1)Edward L. Schrock (Republican, VA-2)Jo Ann S. Davis (Republican, VA-1)Thomas M. Davis III (Republican, VA-11)Virgil H. Goode Jr. (Republican, VA-5)Eric Cantor (Republican, VA-7)Frank R. Wolf (Republican, VA-10)J. Randy Forbes (Republican, VA-4)Bob Goodlatte (Republican, VA-6)Jennifer B. Dunn (Republican, WA-8)George R. Nethercutt Jr. (Republican, WA-5)Doc Hastings (Republican, WA-4)Mark A. Green (Republican, WI-8)Thomas E. Petri (Republican, WI-6)Paul D. Ryan (Republican, WI-1)F. James Sensenbrenner, Jr. (Republican, WI-5)Shelley Moore Capito (Republican, WV-2)Barbara L. Cubin (Republican, WY-AL)
56 new members · 55 departed · 377 served on both dates · women 59 → 60 · median age 56 → 57
25 state delegations changed
Show delegation changes
Arizona 1 D · 5 R
Arizona 2 D · 6 R
California 32 D · 20 R
California 33 D · 20 R
Colorado 2 D · 4 R
Colorado 2 D · 5 R
Connecticut 3 D · 3 R
Connecticut 2 D · 3 R
Florida 8 D · 15 R
Florida 7 D · 17 R
Georgia 3 D · 8 R
Georgia 5 D · 8 R
Hawaii 1 D · 0 R
Hawaii 2 D · 0 R
Illinois 10 D · 10 R
Illinois 9 D · 10 R
Indiana 4 D · 6 R
Indiana 3 D · 6 R
Kentucky 1 D · 5 R
Kentucky 2 D · 4 R
Maryland 4 D · 4 R
Maryland 6 D · 2 R
Michigan 9 D · 7 R
Michigan 6 D · 9 R
Minnesota 5 D · 3 R
Minnesota 4 D · 4 R
Mississippi 3 D · 2 R
Mississippi 2 D · 2 R
North Carolina 5 D · 7 R
North Carolina 6 D · 7 R
Nebraska 0 D · 3 R
Nebraska 0 D · 2 R
Nevada 1 D · 1 R
Nevada 1 D · 2 R
New York 19 D · 12 R
New York 19 D · 10 R
Ohio 6 D · 11 R
Ohio 6 D · 12 R
Oklahoma 1 D · 5 R
Oklahoma 1 D · 4 R
Pennsylvania 10 D · 11 R
Pennsylvania 7 D · 12 R
South Dakota 0 D · 1 R
South Dakota 1 D · 0 R
Tennessee 4 D · 5 R
Tennessee 5 D · 4 R
Texas 17 D · 13 R
Texas 16 D · 16 R
Wisconsin 5 D · 4 R
Wisconsin 4 D · 4 R
Who joined and who left (56 in · 55 out)
Artur Davis D
Alabama-7
Jo Bonner R
Alabama-1
Mike Rogers R
Alabama-3
Rick Renzi R
Arizona-1
Trent Franks R
Arizona-2
Raúl M. Grijalva D
Arizona-7
Dennis A. Cardoza D
California-18
Devin Nunes R
California-21
Linda T. Sánchez D
California-39
Bob Beauprez R
Colorado-7
Marilyn N. Musgrave R
Colorado-4
Katherine Harris R
Florida-13
Tom C. Feeney R
Florida-24
Virginia Brown-Waite R
Florida-5
Kendrick Brett Meek D
Florida-17
Mario Diaz-Balart R
Florida-25
Max Burns R
Georgia-12
Denise Majette D
Georgia-4
James Marshall D
Georgia-3
Phil Gingrey R
Georgia-11
David Scott D
Georgia-13
Ed Case D
Hawaii-2
Steve King R
Iowa-5
Rahm Emanuel D
Illinois-5
Chris Chocola R
Indiana-2
Ben Chandler D
Kentucky-6
Rodney Alexander R
Louisiana-5
C. A. Dutch Ruppersberger D
Maryland-2
Chris Van Hollen D
Maryland-8
Michael H. Michaud D
Maine-2
Thaddeus G. McCotter R
Michigan-11
Candice S. Miller R
Michigan-10
John Kline R
Minnesota-2
Brad Miller D
North Carolina-13
G. K. Butterfield D
North Carolina-1
Jeb E. Bradley R
New Hampshire-1
Scott Garrett R
New Jersey-5
Stevan Pearce R
New Mexico-2
Jon Christopher Porter Sr. R
Nevada-3
Timothy H. Bishop D
New York-1
Tim Ryan D
Ohio-17
Michael R. Turner R
Ohio-3
Tom Cole R
Oklahoma-4
Jim Gerlach R
Pennsylvania-6
Tim Murphy R
Pennsylvania-18
James Gresham Barrett R
South Carolina-3
Stephanie Herseth Sandlin D
South Dakota-AL
Lincoln Davis D
Tennessee-4
Jim Cooper D
Tennessee-5
Marsha Blackburn R
Tennessee-7
Chris Bell D
Texas-25
Jeb Hensarling R
Texas-5
Michael C. Burgess R
Texas-26
John R. Carter R
Texas-31
Randy Neugebauer R
Texas-19
Rob Bishop R
Utah-1
H. L. Callahan R
Alabama-1
Earl F. Hilliard D
Alabama-7
Bob Riley R
Alabama-3
Robert Stump R
Arizona-3
Gary Condit D
California-18
Stephen Horn R
California-38
Bob Schaffer R
Colorado-4
James Maloney D
Connecticut-5
Carrie Meek D
Florida-17
Dan Miller R
Florida-13
Karen Thurman D
Florida-5
Porter J. Goss R
Florida-14
Bob Barr R
Georgia-7
Cynthia McKinney D
Georgia-4
Saxby Chambliss R
Georgia-8
Greg Ganske R
Iowa-4
Rod Blagojevich D
Illinois-5
David Phelps D
Illinois-19
Brian Kerns R
Indiana-7
Timothy Roemer D
Indiana-3
Ernest Lee Fletcher R
Kentucky-6
John Cooksey R
Louisiana-5
Robert L. Ehrlich Jr. R
Maryland-2
Constance Morella R
Maryland-8
John Baldacci D
Maine-2
James A. Barcia D
Michigan-5
David E. Bonior D
Michigan-10
Lynn Rivers D
Michigan-13
William Luther D
Minnesota-6
Ronnie Shows D
Mississippi-4
Eva Clayton D
North Carolina-1
Douglas K. Bereuter R
Nebraska-1
John E. Sununu R
New Hampshire-1
Marge Roukema R
New Jersey-5
Joseph Skeen R
New Mexico-2
Benjamin Gilman R
New York-20
Felix Grucci R
New York-1
John J. LaFalce D
New York-29
Thomas C. Sawyer D
Ohio-14
Wes Watkins R
Oklahoma-3
J.C. Watts R
Oklahoma-4
Robert A. Borski D
Pennsylvania-3
William J. Coyne D
Pennsylvania-14
George W. Gekas R
Pennsylvania-17
Frank Mascara D
Pennsylvania-20
Lindsey Graham R
South Carolina-3
John Thune R
South Dakota-AL
Ed Bryant R
Tennessee-7
Robert Clement D
Tennessee-5
Van Hilleary R
Tennessee-4
Richard K. Armey R
Texas-26
Ken Bentsen D
Texas-25
Larry Combest R
Texas-19
James V. Hansen R
Utah-1
Thomas M. Barrett D
Wisconsin-5
legislative/lawsLaws enacted
+497Congress.gov ↗
497 public laws enacted · 1 landmark · 224 notable · 153 routine · 119 ceremonial
Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act of 2003 landmark
Pub. L. 108-173 · Dec 8, 2003
National Flood Insurance Program Reauthorization Act of 2003
Pub. L. 108-3 · Jan 13, 2003
Consolidated Appropriations Resolution, 2003
Pub. L. 108-7 · Feb 20, 2003
Do-Not-Call Implementation Act
Pub. L. 108-10 · Mar 11, 2003
Emergency Wartime Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2003
Pub. L. 108-11 · Apr 16, 2003
American 5-Cent Coin Design Continuity Act of 2003
Pub. L. 108-15 · Apr 23, 2003
Nutria Eradication and Control Act of 2003
Pub. L. 108-16 · Apr 23, 2003
Postal Civil Service Retirement System Funding Reform Act of 2003
Pub. L. 108-18 · Apr 23, 2003
Clean Diamond Trade Act
Pub. L. 108-19 · Apr 25, 2003
Smallpox Emergency Personnel Protection Act of 2003
Pub. L. 108-20 · Apr 30, 2003
Show 30 more notable laws
Prosecutorial Remedies and Other Tools to end the Exploitation of Children Today Act of 2003
Pub. L. 108-21 · Apr 30, 2003
Gila River Indian Community Judgment Fund Distribution Act of 2003
Pub. L. 108-22 · May 14, 2003
Ottawa National Wildlife Refuge Complex Expansion and Detroit River International Wildlife Refuge Expansion Act
Pub. L. 108-23 · May 19, 2003
United States Leadership Against HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria Act of 2003
Pub. L. 108-25 · May 27, 2003
Unemployment Compensation Amendments of 2003
Pub. L. 108-26 · May 28, 2003
Jobs and Growth Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2003
Pub. L. 108-27 · May 28, 2003
Veterans' Memorial Preservation and Recognition Act of 2003
Pub. L. 108-29 · May 29, 2003
Grand Teton National Park Land Exchange Act
Pub. L. 108-32 · Jun 17, 2003
Zuni Indian Tribe Water Rights Settlement Act of 2003
Pub. L. 108-34 · Jun 23, 2003
Keeping Children and Families Safe Act of 2003
Pub. L. 108-36 · Jun 25, 2003
ORBIT Technical Corrections Act of 2003
Pub. L. 108-39 · Jun 30, 2003
Welfare Reform Extension Act of 2003
Pub. L. 108-40 · Jun 30, 2003
Automatic Defibrillation in Adam's Memory Act
Pub. L. 108-41 · Jul 1, 2003
San Gabriel River Watershed Study Act
Pub. L. 108-42 · Jul 1, 2003
Glen Canyon National Recreation Area Boundary Revision Act
Pub. L. 108-43 · Jul 1, 2003
Accountant, Compliance, and Enforcement Staffing Act of 2003
Pub. L. 108-44 · Jul 3, 2003
Strengthen AmeriCorps Program Act
Pub. L. 108-45 · Jul 3, 2003
Burmese Freedom and Democracy Act of 2003
Pub. L. 108-61 · Jul 28, 2003
McLoughlin House Addition to Fort Vancouver National Historic Site Act
Pub. L. 108-63 · Jul 29, 2003
Emergency Supplemental Appropriations for Disaster Relief Act, 2003
Pub. L. 108-69 · Aug 8, 2003
Smithsonian Facilities Authorization Act
Pub. L. 108-72 · Aug 15, 2003
Family Farmer Bankruptcy Relief Act of 2003
Pub. L. 108-73 · Aug 15, 2003
Mosquito Abatement for Safety and Health Act
Pub. L. 108-75 · Aug 15, 2003
Higher Education Relief Opportunities for Students Act of 2003
Pub. L. 108-76 · Aug 18, 2003
United States-Chile Free Trade Agreement Implementation Act
Pub. L. 108-77 · Sep 3, 2003
United States- Singapore Free Trade Agreement Implementation Act
Pub. L. 108-78 · Sep 3, 2003
Prison Rape Elimination Act of 2003
Pub. L. 108-79 · Sep 4, 2003
Museum and Library Services Act of 2003
Pub. L. 108-81 · Sep 25, 2003
Legislative Branch Appropriations Act, 2004
Pub. L. 108-83 · Sep 30, 2003
Fremont-Madison Conveyance Act
Pub. L. 108-85 · Sep 30, 2003

Judicial3 files+255

judicial/supreme-courtThe Supreme Court
±0Federal Judicial Center ↗
Bench by appointing party: 7 R · 2 D → 7 R · 2 D · every justice ↗
9 justices served on both dates
John Paul Stevens R
appointed by Gerald Ford · 1975
Sandra Day O'Connor R
appointed by Ronald Reagan · 1981
William Hubbs Rehnquist R
appointed by Ronald Reagan · 1986
Antonin Scalia R
appointed by Ronald Reagan · 1986
Anthony McLeod Kennedy R
appointed by Ronald Reagan · 1988
David Hackett Souter R
appointed by George H.W. Bush · 1990
Clarence Thomas R
appointed by George H.W. Bush · 1991
Ruth Bader Ginsburg D
appointed by William J. Clinton · 1993
Stephen Gerald Breyer D
appointed by William J. Clinton · 1994
judicial/lower-courtsAppeals & district courts
+104Federal Judicial Center ↗
Courts of appeals (active judges): 81 R · 71 D · 4 N( → 93 R · 68 D · 3 N(
District courts (active judges): 325 D · 307 R → 349 R · 309 D
George W. Bush R appointed 104 judges
19 appeals · 84 district · 1 other
3 circuits flipped majority
Third Circuit 6 D · 6 R (tie majority)
Third Circuit 6 D · 8 R (R majority)
Sixth Circuit 6 D · 4 R (D majority)
Sixth Circuit 6 D · 6 R (tie majority)
District of Columbia Circuit 4 D · 4 R (tie majority)
District of Columbia Circuit 4 D · 5 R (R majority)
D and R describe the party of the appointing president, not the judge. Active service ends when a judge takes senior status.
judicial/rulingsSupreme Court decisions
+151Supreme Court Database ↗
151 argued decisions · 5 landmark
Grutter v. Lee Bollinger
539 U.S. 306 · Jun 23, 2003 · Decided 5–4 · Civil Rights · Affirmed
Lawrence v. Texas
539 U.S. 558 · Jun 26, 2003 · Decided 6–3 · Privacy · Reversed and remanded · Overruled precedent · Struck down state law
Mitch McConnell v. Federal Election Commission
540 U.S. 93 · Dec 10, 2003 · Decided 5–4 · First Amendment · Affirmed in part, reversed in part · Declared federal law unconstitutional
Crawford v. Washington
541 U.S. 36 · Mar 8, 2004 · Decided 9–0 · Criminal Procedure · Reversed and remanded · Overruled precedent
Hamdi v. Rumsfeld
542 U.S. 507 · Jun 28, 2004 · Decided 8–1 · Due Process · Vacated and remanded
Landmark means the Court overruled precedent, struck down a federal law, or the case is on a curated landmark list.

Fiscal2 files±0

fiscal/budgetThe federal budget
+8.4% real spendingOMB Historical Tables ↗
Fiscal year 2003 → fiscal year 2005 · inflation-adjusted with the GDP price index
Spending $2.16T
FY2003
Spending $2.47T
FY2005 · +14% nominal · +8.4% after inflation
Revenue $1.78T
FY2003
Revenue $2.15T
FY2005 · +21% nominal · +14% after inflation
Surplus / deficit −$378B
FY2003
Surplus / deficit −$318B
FY2005 · +$59.2B
Spending, % of GDP 19.2%
FY2003
Spending, % of GDP 19.3%
FY2005 · +0.1 pts
Debt held by the public, % of GDP 34.7%
FY2003
Debt held by the public, % of GDP 35.8%
FY2005 · +1.1 pts
Spending by function · real change
Social Security
$475B → $523B · +4.4%
National Defense
$405B → $495B · +16%
Income Security
$335B → $346B · −2.1%
Medicare
$249B → $299B · +13%
Health
$220B → $251B · +8.1%
Net interest
$153B → $184B · +14%
Education, Training, Employment, and Social Services
$82.7B → $97.6B · +12%
Veterans Benefits and Services
$56.8B → $70.1B · +17%
Transportation
$67.1B → $67.9B · −4.1%
Administration of Justice
$35.3B → $40.0B · +7.3%
International Affairs
$21.2B → $34.6B · +54%
Natural Resources and Environment
$29.7B → $28.0B · −11%
Agriculture
$22.5B → $26.6B · +12%
Community and Regional Development
$18.9B → $26.3B · +32%
General Science, Space, and Technology
$20.8B → $23.6B · +7.3%
General Government
$23.2B → $17.0B · −30%
fiscal/debtTotal public debt outstanding
+$1.21TTreasury Fiscal Data ↗
$6.39T
as of Jan 2, 2003
$7.60T
as of Dec 31, 2004

Constitution & Union1 file±0

constitution/amendmentsAmendments & statehood
±0National Archives ↗
27 → 27 amendments in force · 50 → 50 states
No amendments ratified and no states admitted. The last amendment was the 27th, in 1992.

Reverts1 file−24

revert/undoneWhat was undone
−24Federal Register · Congress.gov · SCDB ↗
22 executive orders revoked or superseded · 0 rules struck down by Congress · 2 Supreme Court precedents overruled
Bush revoked 22 orders: 11 by themselves, 11 by Clinton
EO 13192 Lifting and Modifying Measures With Respect to the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro)
signed Jan 17, 2001 by Clinton · revoked May 28, 2003 by EO 13304 (Bush)
EO 13096 American Indian and Alaska Native Education
signed Aug 6, 1998 by Clinton · revoked Apr 30, 2004 by EO 13336 (Bush)
EO 12975 Protection of Human Research Subjects and Creation of National Bioethics Advisory Commission
signed Oct 3, 1995 by Clinton · revoked Sep 17, 2003 by EO 13316 (Bush)
EO 13147 White House Commission on Complementary and Alternative Medicine Policy
signed Mar 7, 2000 by Clinton · revoked Sep 17, 2003 by EO 13316 (Bush)
EO 13194 Prohibiting the Importation of Rough Diamonds From Sierra Leone
signed Jan 18, 2001 by Clinton · revoked Jan 15, 2004 by EO 13324 (Bush)
EO 13088 Blocking Property of the Governments of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro), the Republic of Serbia, and the Republic of Montenegro, and Prohibiting New Investment in the Republic of Serbia in Response to the Situation in Kosovo
signed Jun 9, 1998 by Clinton · revoked May 28, 2003 by EO 13304 (Bush)
EO 13098 Blocking Property of UNITA and ProhibitingCertain Transactions With Respect to UNITA
signed Aug 18, 1998 by Clinton · revoked May 6, 2003 by EO 13298 (Bush)
EO 12934 Blocking Property and Additional Measures With Respect to the Bosnian Serb-Controlled Areas of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina
signed Oct 25, 1994 by Clinton · revoked May 28, 2003 by EO 13304 (Bush)
EO 13121 Blocking Property of the Governments of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro), the Republic of Serbia, and the Republic of Montenegro, and Prohibiting Trade Transactions Involving the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro) in Response to the Situation in Kosovo
signed Apr 30, 1999 by Clinton · revoked May 28, 2003 by EO 13304 (Bush)
EO 13028 Further Amendments to Executive Order No. 12757 Implementation of the Enterprise for the Americas Initiative
signed Dec 3, 1996 by Clinton · revoked Jul 8, 2004 by EO 13345 (Bush)
Show 12 more revoked orders
EO 13131 Further Amendments to Executive Order 12757, Implementation of the Enterprise for the Americas Initiative
signed Jul 22, 1999 by Clinton · revoked Jul 8, 2004 by EO 13345 (Bush)
EO 13227 President's Commission on Excellence in Special Education
signed Oct 2, 2001 by Bush · revoked Sep 17, 2003 by EO 13316 (Bush)
EO 13260 Establishing the President's Homeland Security Advisory Council and Senior Advisory Committees for Homeland
signed Mar 19, 2002 by Bush · revoked Feb 28, 2003 by EO 13286 (Bush)
EO 13210 President's Commission To Strengthen Social Security
signed May 2, 2001 by Bush · revoked Sep 17, 2003 by EO 13316 (Bush)
EO 13214 President's Task Force To Improve Health Care Delivery for Our Nation's Veterans
signed May 28, 2001 by Bush · revoked Sep 17, 2003 by EO 13316 (Bush)
EO 13263 President's New Freedom Commission on Mental Health
signed Apr 29, 2002 by Bush · revoked Sep 17, 2003 by EO 13316 (Bush)
EO 13278 President's Commission on the United States Postal Service
signed Dec 11, 2002 by Bush · revoked Sep 17, 2003 by EO 13316 (Bush)
EO 13213 Additional Measures With Respect To Prohibiting the Importation of Rough Diamonds From Sierra Leone
signed May 22, 2001 by Bush · revoked Jan 15, 2004 by EO 13324 (Bush)
EO 13282 Adjustments of Certain Rates of Pay
signed Dec 31, 2002 by Bush · revoked Dec 30, 2003 by EO 13322 (Bush)
EO 13322 Adjustments of Certain Rates of Pay
signed Dec 30, 2003 by Bush · revoked Mar 3, 2004 by EO 13332 (Bush)
EO 13332 Further Adjustment of Certain Rates of Pay
signed Mar 3, 2004 by Bush · revoked Dec 30, 2004 by EO 13368 (Bush)
EO 13225 Continuance of Certain Federal Advisory Committees
signed Sep 28, 2001 by Bush · revoked Sep 17, 2003 by EO 13316 (Bush)
2 decisions that overruled precedent
Lawrence v. Texas
Jun 26, 2003 · 6-3 · Privacy
Crawford v. Washington
Mar 8, 2004 · 9-0 · Criminal Procedure
Revocations are full revocations or supersessions recorded in the Federal Register (partial amendments aren't counted). Congressional Review Act disapprovals are identified by title. Laws repealed outright aren't tracked yet. Agencies abolished are in the Executive section.

Log1 file±0

logEverything in between
243 events
National Flood Insurance Program Reauthorization Act of 2003 · 2003-01-13Consolidated Appropriations Resolution, 2003 · 2003-02-20Amendment of Executive Orders, and Other Actions, in Connection With the Transfer of Certain Functions to the Secretary of Homeland Security · 2003-02-28Do-Not-Call Implementation Act · 2003-03-11Invasion of Iraq · 2003-03-23Further Amendment to Executive Order 12958, as Amended, Classified National Security Information · 2003-03-25Emergency Wartime Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2003 · 2003-04-16American 5-Cent Coin Design Continuity Act of 2003 · 2003-04-23Nutria Eradication and Control Act of 2003 · 2003-04-23Postal Civil Service Retirement System Funding Reform Act of 2003 · 2003-04-23Clean Diamond Trade Act · 2003-04-25Invasion of Iraq · 2003-04-29Smallpox Emergency Personnel Protection Act of 2003 · 2003-04-30Prosecutorial Remedies and Other Tools to end the Exploitation of Children Today Act of 2003 · 2003-04-30Gila River Indian Community Judgment Fund Distribution Act of 2003 · 2003-05-14Ottawa National Wildlife Refuge Complex Expansion and Detroit River International Wildlife Refuge Expansion Act · 2003-05-19United States Leadership Against HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria Act of 2003 · 2003-05-27Termination of Emergencies With Respect to Yugoslavia and Modification of Executive Order 13219 of June 26, 2001 · 2003-05-28Unemployment Compensation Amendments of 2003 · 2003-05-28Jobs and Growth Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2003 · 2003-05-28Veterans' Memorial Preservation and Recognition Act of 2003 · 2003-05-29Grand Teton National Park Land Exchange Act · 2003-06-17Zuni Indian Tribe Water Rights Settlement Act of 2003 · 2003-06-23Grutter v. Lee Bollinger · 2003-06-23Keeping Children and Families Safe Act of 2003 · 2003-06-25Lawrence v. Texas · 2003-06-26ORBIT Technical Corrections Act of 2003 · 2003-06-30Welfare Reform Extension Act of 2003 · 2003-06-30Automatic Defibrillation in Adam's Memory Act · 2003-07-01San Gabriel River Watershed Study Act · 2003-07-01Glen Canyon National Recreation Area Boundary Revision Act · 2003-07-01Accountant, Compliance, and Enforcement Staffing Act of 2003 · 2003-07-03Strengthen AmeriCorps Program Act · 2003-07-03Burmese Freedom and Democracy Act of 2003 · 2003-07-28McLoughlin House Addition to Fort Vancouver National Historic Site Act · 2003-07-29Emergency Supplemental Appropriations for Disaster Relief Act, 2003 · 2003-08-08Smithsonian Facilities Authorization Act · 2003-08-15Family Farmer Bankruptcy Relief Act of 2003 · 2003-08-15Mosquito Abatement for Safety and Health Act · 2003-08-15Higher Education Relief Opportunities for Students Act of 2003 · 2003-08-18Blocking Property of the Former Iraqi Regime, Its Senior Officials and Their Family Members, and Taking Certain Other Actions · 2003-08-28United States-Chile Free Trade Agreement Implementation Act · 2003-09-03United States- Singapore Free Trade Agreement Implementation Act · 2003-09-03Prison Rape Elimination Act of 2003 · 2003-09-04Museum and Library Services Act of 2003 · 2003-09-25Legislative Branch Appropriations Act, 2004 · 2003-09-30Fremont-Madison Conveyance Act · 2003-09-30Postmasters Equity Act of 2003 · 2003-09-30Department of Defense Appropriations Act, 2004 · 2003-09-30Surface Transportation Extension Act of 2003 · 2003-09-30Department of Homeland Security Appropriations Act, 2004 · 2003-10-01Hospital Mortgage Insurance Act of 2003 · 2003-10-03Coltsville Study Act of 2003 · 2003-10-03Mount Naomi Wilderness Boundary Adjustment Act · 2003-10-03Runaway, Homeless, and Missing Children Protection Act · 2003-10-10Check Clearing for the 21st Century Act · 2003-10-28Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act of 2003 · 2003-11-05Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Act for Defense and for the Reconstruction of Iraq and Afghanistan, 2004 · 2003-11-06Department of the Interior and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2004 · 2003-11-10National Cemetery Expansion Act of 2003 · 2003-11-11Military Family Tax Relief Act of 2003 · 2003-11-11Federal Employee Student Loan Assistance Act · 2003-11-11Black Canyon of the Gunnison Boundary Revision Act of 2003 · 2003-11-17Animal Drug User Fee Act of 2003 · 2003-11-18Blackwater National Wildlife Refuge Expansion Act · 2003-11-22Military Construction Appropriations Act, 2004 · 2003-11-22District of Columbia Military Retirement Equity Act of 2003 · 2003-11-22National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2004 · 2003-11-24Energy and Water Development Appropriations Act, 2004 · 2003-12-01Kaloko-Honokohau National Historical Park Addition Act of 2003 · 2003-12-02Adoption Promotion Act of 2003 · 2003-12-02Tornado Shelters Act · 2003-12-03Veterans' Compensation Cost-of-Living Adjustment Act of 2003 · 2003-12-03Healthy Forests Restoration Act of 2003 · 2003-12-03Florida National Forest Land Management Act of 2003 · 2003-12-0321st Century Nanotechnology Research and Development Act · 2003-12-03Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities Prevention Act of 2003 · 2003-12-03Pediatric Research Equity Act of 2003 · 2003-12-03Basic Pilot Program Extension and Expansion Act of 2003 · 2003-12-03Overseas Private Investment Corporation Amendments Act of 2003 · 2003-12-03Fair and Accurate Credit Transactions Act of 2003 · 2003-12-04Environmental Policy and Conflict Resolution Advancement Act of 2003 · 2003-12-06National Veterinary Medical Service Act · 2003-12-06Health Care Safety Net Amendments Technical Corrections Act of 2003 · 2003-12-06Fairness to Contact Lens Consumers Act · 2003-12-06National Transportation Safety Board Reauthorization Act of 2003 · 2003-12-06National Flood Insurance Program Reauthorization Act of 2004 · 2003-12-06Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act of 2003 · 2003-12-08Mitch McConnell v. Federal Election Commission · 2003-12-10Syria Accountability and Lebanese Sovereignty Restoration Act of 2003 · 2003-12-12Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2004 · 2003-12-13Torture Victims Relief Reauthorization Act of 2003 · 2003-12-15Hometown Heroes Survivors Benefits Act of 2003 · 2003-12-15Veterans Benefits Act of 2003 · 2003-12-16National Museum of African American History and Culture Act · 2003-12-16Controlling the Assault of Non- Solicited Pornography and Marketing Act of 2003 · 2003-12-16Captive Wildlife Safety Act · 2003-12-19Carter G. Woodson Home National Historic Site Act · 2003-12-19Trafficking Victims Protection Reauthorization Act of 2003 · 2003-12-19Poison Control Center Enhancement and Awareness Act Amendments of 2003 · 2003-12-19Defense Production Act Reauthorization of 2003 · 2003-12-19Federal Law Enforcement Pay and Benefits Parity Act of 2003 · 2003-12-19Mental Health Parity Reauthorization Act of 2003 · 2003-12-19Preserving Independence of Financial Institution Examinations Act of 2003 · 2003-12-19Adjustments of Certain Rates of Pay · 2003-12-30Millennium Challenge Corporation · 2004-01-01Iraq: insurgency and war against IS · 2004-01-18Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2004 · 2004-01-23Congo Basin Forest Partnership Act of 2004 · 2004-02-13NASA Flexibility Act of 2004 · 2004-02-24Surface Transportation Extension Act of 2004 · 2004-02-29Further Adjustment of Certain Rates of Pay · 2004-03-03Crawford v. Washington · 2004-03-08Galisteo Basin Archaeological Sites Protection Act · 2004-03-19Fort Bayard National Historic Landmark Act · 2004-03-19Welfare Reform Extension Act of 2004 · 2004-03-31Unborn Victims of Violence Act of 2004 · 2004-04-01Energy Efficient Housing Technical Correction Act · 2004-04-01Medical Devices Technical Corrections Act · 2004-04-01Organ Donation and Recovery Improvement Act · 2004-04-05Pension Funding Equity Act of 2004 · 2004-04-10Surface Transportation Extension Act of 2004, Part II · 2004-04-30Premier Certified Lenders Program Improvement Act of 2004 · 2004-05-28Irvine Basin Surface and Groundwater Improvement Act of 2004 · 2004-05-28National Great Black Americans Commemoration Act of 2004 · 2004-06-22Hamdi v. Rumsfeld · 2004-06-28TANF and Related Programs Continuation Act of 2004 · 2004-06-30Surface Transportation Extension Act of 2004, Part III · 2004-06-30Bunning-Bereuter- Blumenauer Flood Insurance Reform Act of 2004 · 2004-06-30Child Nutrition and WIC Reauthorization Act of 2004 · 2004-06-30Marine Turtle Conservation Act of 2004 · 2004-07-02Western Shoshone Claims Distribution Act · 2004-07-07GAO Human Capital Reform Act of 2004 · 2004-07-07AGOA Acceleration Act of 2004 · 2004-07-13Identity Theft Penalty Enhancement Act · 2004-07-15Project BioShield Act of 2004 · 2004-07-21Law Enforcement Officers Safety Act of 2004 · 2004-07-22Tribal Forest Protection Act of 2004 · 2004-07-22Termination of Emergency Declared in Executive Order 12722 With Respect to Iraq and Modification of Executive Order 13290, Executive Order 13303, and Executive Order 13315 · 2004-07-29Surface Transportation Extension Act of 2004, Part IV · 2004-07-30Northern Uganda Crisis Response Act · 2004-08-02Helping Hands for Homeownership Act of 2004 · 2004-08-02Australia–United States Free Trade Agreement Act · 2004-08-03Department of Defense Appropriations Act, 2005 · 2004-08-05SUTA Dumping Prevention Act of 2004 · 2004-08-09Cape Town Treaty Implementation Act of 2004 · 2004-08-09United States- Morocco Free Trade Agreement Implementation Act · 2004-08-17Emergency Supplemental Appropriations for Disaster Relief Act, 2004 · 2004-09-08Sports Agent Responsibility and Trust Act · 2004-09-24Harpers Ferry National Historical Park Boundary Revision Act of 2004 · 2004-09-24Welfare Reform Extension Act, Part VIII · 2004-09-30Surface Transportation Extension Act of 2004, Part V · 2004-09-30Working Families Tax Relief Act of 2004 · 2004-10-04Mount Rainier National Park Boundary Adjustment Act of 2004 · 2004-10-05Johnstown Flood National Memorial Boundary Adjustment Act of 2004 · 2004-10-05Martin Luther King, Junior, National Historic Site Land Exchange Act · 2004-10-05Carpinteria and Montecito Water Distribution Systems Conveyance Act of 2004 · 2004-10-05Southwest Forest Health and Wildfire Prevention Act of 2004 · 2004-10-05Timucuan Ecological and Historic Preserve Boundary Revision Act of 2004 · 2004-10-05Office of the Federal Coordinator, Alaska Natural Gas Transportation Projects · 2004-10-13Military Construction Appropriations and Emergency Hurricane Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2005 · 2004-10-13Craig Recreation Land Purchase Act · 2004-10-13National Wildlife Refuge Volunteer Act of 2004 · 2004-10-16Department of Homeland Security Financial Accountability Act · 2004-10-16North Korean Human Rights Act of 2004 · 2004-10-18Department of Homeland Security Appropriations Act, 2005 · 2004-10-18District of Columbia Appropriations Act, 2005 · 2004-10-18Southern Ute and Colorado Intergovernmental Agreement Implementation Act of 2004 · 2004-10-18Alaska Native Allotment Subdivision Act · 2004-10-18Manhattan Project National Historical Park Study Act · 2004-10-18El Camino Real de los Tejas National Historic Trail Act · 2004-10-18Tapoco Project Licensing Act of 2004 · 2004-10-18Arapaho and Roosevelt National Forests Land Exchange Act of 2004 · 2004-10-18Belarus Democracy Act of 2004 · 2004-10-20National Park System General Authorities Act · 2004-10-21Chimayo Water Supply System and Espanola Filtration Facility Act of 2004 · 2004-10-21Garrett Lee Smith Memorial Act · 2004-10-21American Jobs Creation Act of 2004 · 2004-10-22Anabolic Steroid Control Act of 2004 · 2004-10-22National Windstorm Impact Reduction Act of 2004 · 2004-10-25Water Supply, Reliability, and Environmental Improvement Act · 2004-10-25Pancreatic Islet Cell Transplantation Act of 2004 · 2004-10-25Veterans' Compensation Cost-of-Living Adjustment Act of 2004 · 2004-10-25Assistive Technology Act of 1998 · 2004-10-25Mammography Quality Standards Reauthorization Act of 2004 · 2004-10-25Higher Education Extension Act of 2004 · 2004-10-25Fort Donelson National Battlefield Expansion Act of 2004 · 2004-10-25Family Farmer Bankruptcy Relief Act of 2004 · 2004-10-25Prevention of Child Abduction Partnership Act · 2004-10-25State Justice Institute Reauthorization Act of 2004 · 2004-10-25American Indian Probate Reform Act of 2004 · 2004-10-27Ronald W. Reagan National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2005 · 2004-10-28Asthmatic Schoolchildren's Treatment and Health Management Act of 2004 · 2004-10-30Provo River Project Transfer Act · 2004-10-30National Archives and Records Administration Efficiency Act of 2004 · 2004-10-30Brown Tree Snake Control and Eradication Act of 2004 · 2004-10-30John Muir National Historic Site Boundary Adjustment Act · 2004-10-302004 District of Columbia Omnibus Authorization Act · 2004-10-30Chickasaw National Recreation Area Land Exchange Act of 2004 · 2004-10-30Homeownership Opportunities for Native Americans Act of 2004 · 2004-10-30Wilson's Creek National Battlefield Boundary Adjustment Act of 2004 · 2004-10-30Truman Farm Home Expansion Act · 2004-10-30Federal Regulatory Improvement Act of 2004 · 2004-10-30Scott Campbell, Stephanie Roper, Wendy Preston, Louarna Gillis, and Nila Lynn Crime Victims' Rights Act · 2004-10-30Special Olympics Sport and Empowerment Act of 2004 · 2004-10-30Taxpayer-Teacher Protection Act of 2004 · 2004-10-30John F. Kennedy Center Reauthorization Act of 2004 · 2004-10-30Hibben Center Act · 2004-10-30Mentally Ill Offender Treatment and Crime Reduction Act of 2004 · 2004-10-30Copyright Royalty and Distribution Reform Act of 2004 · 2004-11-30California Missions Preservation Act · 2004-11-30Highlands Conservation Act · 2004-11-30Veterans Health Programs Improvement Act of 2004 · 2004-11-30Department of Energy High-End Computing Revitalization Act of 2004 · 2004-11-30Lincoln County Conservation, Recreation, and Development Act of 2004 · 2004-11-30Norman Y. Mineta Research and Special Programs Improvement Act · 2004-11-30Research Review Act of 2004 · 2004-11-30Petrified Forest National Park Expansion Act of 2004 · 2004-12-03Internet Tax Nondiscrimination Act · 2004-12-03Idaho Panhandle National Forest Improvement Act of 2004 · 2004-12-03Three Affiliated Tribes Health Facility Compensation Act · 2004-12-03Kate Mullany National Historic Site Act · 2004-12-03Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care Personnel Enhancement Act of 2004 · 2004-12-03Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act of 2004 · 2004-12-03Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2005 · 2004-12-08District of Columbia Mental Health Civil Commitment Modernization Act of 2004 · 2004-12-10Arizona Water Settlements Act · 2004-12-10Alaska Land Transfer Acceleration Act · 2004-12-10Cooperative Research and Technology Enhancement (CREATE) Act of 2004 · 2004-12-10Veterans Benefits Improvement Act of 2004 · 2004-12-10Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 · 2004-12-17Specialty Crops Competitiveness Act of 2004 · 2004-12-21Thrift Savings Plan Open Elections Act of 2004 · 2004-12-21American History and Civics Education Act of 2004 · 2004-12-21Kilauea Point National Wildlife Refuge Expansion Act of 2004 · 2004-12-23Intellectual Property Protection and Courts Amendments Act of 2004 · 2004-12-23Microenterprise Results and Accountability Act of 2004 · 2004-12-23District of Columbia Retirement Protection Improvement Act of 2004 · 2004-12-23Commercial Space Launch Amendments Act of 2004 · 2004-12-23Video Voyeurism Prevention Act of 2004 · 2004-12-23Federal Employee Dental and Vision Benefits Enhancement Act of 2004 · 2004-12-23Comprehensive Peace in Sudan Act of 2004 · 2004-12-23Adjustments of Certain Rates of Pay · 2004-12-3020042005
  1. lawNational Flood Insurance Program Reauthorization Act of 2003
  2. lawConsolidated Appropriations Resolution, 2003
  3. orderAmendment of Executive Orders, and Other Actions, in Connection With the Transfer of Certain Functions to the Secretary of Homeland Security
  4. lawDo-Not-Call Implementation Act
  5. war+Invasion of Iraq
  6. orderFurther Amendment to Executive Order 12958, as Amended, Classified National Security Information
  7. lawEmergency Wartime Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2003
  8. lawAmerican 5-Cent Coin Design Continuity Act of 2003
  9. lawNutria Eradication and Control Act of 2003
  10. lawPostal Civil Service Retirement System Funding Reform Act of 2003
  11. lawClean Diamond Trade Act
  12. war−Invasion of Iraq
  13. lawSmallpox Emergency Personnel Protection Act of 2003
  14. lawProsecutorial Remedies and Other Tools to end the Exploitation of Children Today Act of 2003
  15. lawGila River Indian Community Judgment Fund Distribution Act of 2003
  16. lawOttawa National Wildlife Refuge Complex Expansion and Detroit River International Wildlife Refuge Expansion Act
  17. lawUnited States Leadership Against HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria Act of 2003
  18. orderTermination of Emergencies With Respect to Yugoslavia and Modification of Executive Order 13219 of June 26, 2001
  19. lawUnemployment Compensation Amendments of 2003
  20. lawJobs and Growth Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2003
  21. lawVeterans' Memorial Preservation and Recognition Act of 2003
  22. lawGrand Teton National Park Land Exchange Act
  23. lawZuni Indian Tribe Water Rights Settlement Act of 2003
  24. rulingGrutter v. Lee Bollinger
  25. lawKeeping Children and Families Safe Act of 2003
  26. rulingLawrence v. Texas
  27. lawORBIT Technical Corrections Act of 2003
  28. lawWelfare Reform Extension Act of 2003
  29. lawAutomatic Defibrillation in Adam's Memory Act
  30. lawSan Gabriel River Watershed Study Act
  31. lawGlen Canyon National Recreation Area Boundary Revision Act
  32. lawAccountant, Compliance, and Enforcement Staffing Act of 2003
  33. lawStrengthen AmeriCorps Program Act
  34. lawBurmese Freedom and Democracy Act of 2003
  35. lawMcLoughlin House Addition to Fort Vancouver National Historic Site Act
  36. lawEmergency Supplemental Appropriations for Disaster Relief Act, 2003
  37. lawSmithsonian Facilities Authorization Act
  38. lawFamily Farmer Bankruptcy Relief Act of 2003
  39. lawMosquito Abatement for Safety and Health Act
  40. lawHigher Education Relief Opportunities for Students Act of 2003
  41. orderBlocking Property of the Former Iraqi Regime, Its Senior Officials and Their Family Members, and Taking Certain Other Actions
  42. lawUnited States-Chile Free Trade Agreement Implementation Act
  43. lawUnited States- Singapore Free Trade Agreement Implementation Act
  44. lawPrison Rape Elimination Act of 2003
  45. lawMuseum and Library Services Act of 2003
  46. lawLegislative Branch Appropriations Act, 2004
  47. lawFremont-Madison Conveyance Act
  48. lawPostmasters Equity Act of 2003
  49. lawDepartment of Defense Appropriations Act, 2004
  50. lawSurface Transportation Extension Act of 2003
  51. lawDepartment of Homeland Security Appropriations Act, 2004
  52. lawHospital Mortgage Insurance Act of 2003
  53. lawColtsville Study Act of 2003
  54. lawMount Naomi Wilderness Boundary Adjustment Act
  55. lawRunaway, Homeless, and Missing Children Protection Act
  56. lawCheck Clearing for the 21st Century Act
  57. lawPartial-Birth Abortion Ban Act of 2003
  58. lawEmergency Supplemental Appropriations Act for Defense and for the Reconstruction of Iraq and Afghanistan, 2004
  59. lawDepartment of the Interior and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2004
  60. lawNational Cemetery Expansion Act of 2003
  61. lawMilitary Family Tax Relief Act of 2003
  62. lawFederal Employee Student Loan Assistance Act
  63. lawBlack Canyon of the Gunnison Boundary Revision Act of 2003
  64. lawAnimal Drug User Fee Act of 2003
  65. lawBlackwater National Wildlife Refuge Expansion Act
  66. lawMilitary Construction Appropriations Act, 2004
  67. lawDistrict of Columbia Military Retirement Equity Act of 2003
  68. lawNational Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2004
  69. lawEnergy and Water Development Appropriations Act, 2004
  70. lawKaloko-Honokohau National Historical Park Addition Act of 2003
  71. lawAdoption Promotion Act of 2003
  72. lawTornado Shelters Act
  73. lawVeterans' Compensation Cost-of-Living Adjustment Act of 2003
  74. lawHealthy Forests Restoration Act of 2003
  75. lawFlorida National Forest Land Management Act of 2003
  76. law21st Century Nanotechnology Research and Development Act
  77. lawBirth Defects and Developmental Disabilities Prevention Act of 2003
  78. lawPediatric Research Equity Act of 2003
  79. lawBasic Pilot Program Extension and Expansion Act of 2003
  80. lawOverseas Private Investment Corporation Amendments Act of 2003
  81. lawFair and Accurate Credit Transactions Act of 2003
  82. lawEnvironmental Policy and Conflict Resolution Advancement Act of 2003
  83. lawNational Veterinary Medical Service Act
  84. lawHealth Care Safety Net Amendments Technical Corrections Act of 2003
  85. lawFairness to Contact Lens Consumers Act
  86. lawNational Transportation Safety Board Reauthorization Act of 2003
  87. lawNational Flood Insurance Program Reauthorization Act of 2004
  88. lawMedicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act of 2003
  89. rulingMitch McConnell v. Federal Election Commission
  90. lawSyria Accountability and Lebanese Sovereignty Restoration Act of 2003
  91. lawIntelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2004
  92. lawTorture Victims Relief Reauthorization Act of 2003
  93. lawHometown Heroes Survivors Benefits Act of 2003
  94. lawVeterans Benefits Act of 2003
  95. lawNational Museum of African American History and Culture Act
  96. lawControlling the Assault of Non- Solicited Pornography and Marketing Act of 2003
  97. lawCaptive Wildlife Safety Act
  98. lawCarter G. Woodson Home National Historic Site Act
  99. lawTrafficking Victims Protection Reauthorization Act of 2003
  100. lawPoison Control Center Enhancement and Awareness Act Amendments of 2003
  101. lawDefense Production Act Reauthorization of 2003
  102. lawFederal Law Enforcement Pay and Benefits Parity Act of 2003
  103. lawMental Health Parity Reauthorization Act of 2003
  104. lawPreserving Independence of Financial Institution Examinations Act of 2003
  105. orderAdjustments of Certain Rates of Pay
  106. agency+Millennium Challenge Corporation
  107. war+Iraq: insurgency and war against IS
  108. lawConsolidated Appropriations Act, 2004
  109. lawCongo Basin Forest Partnership Act of 2004
  110. lawNASA Flexibility Act of 2004
  111. lawSurface Transportation Extension Act of 2004
  112. orderFurther Adjustment of Certain Rates of Pay
  113. rulingCrawford v. Washington
  114. lawGalisteo Basin Archaeological Sites Protection Act
  115. lawFort Bayard National Historic Landmark Act
  116. lawWelfare Reform Extension Act of 2004
  117. lawUnborn Victims of Violence Act of 2004
  118. lawEnergy Efficient Housing Technical Correction Act
  119. lawMedical Devices Technical Corrections Act
  120. lawOrgan Donation and Recovery Improvement Act
  121. lawPension Funding Equity Act of 2004
  122. lawSurface Transportation Extension Act of 2004, Part II
  123. lawPremier Certified Lenders Program Improvement Act of 2004
  124. lawIrvine Basin Surface and Groundwater Improvement Act of 2004
  125. lawNational Great Black Americans Commemoration Act of 2004
  126. rulingHamdi v. Rumsfeld
  127. lawTANF and Related Programs Continuation Act of 2004
  128. lawSurface Transportation Extension Act of 2004, Part III
  129. lawBunning-Bereuter- Blumenauer Flood Insurance Reform Act of 2004
  130. lawChild Nutrition and WIC Reauthorization Act of 2004
  131. lawMarine Turtle Conservation Act of 2004
  132. lawWestern Shoshone Claims Distribution Act
  133. lawGAO Human Capital Reform Act of 2004
  134. lawAGOA Acceleration Act of 2004
  135. lawIdentity Theft Penalty Enhancement Act
  136. lawProject BioShield Act of 2004
  137. lawLaw Enforcement Officers Safety Act of 2004
  138. lawTribal Forest Protection Act of 2004
  139. orderTermination of Emergency Declared in Executive Order 12722 With Respect to Iraq and Modification of Executive Order 13290, Executive Order 13303, and Executive Order 13315
  140. lawSurface Transportation Extension Act of 2004, Part IV
  141. lawNorthern Uganda Crisis Response Act
  142. lawHelping Hands for Homeownership Act of 2004
  143. lawAustralia–United States Free Trade Agreement Act
  144. lawDepartment of Defense Appropriations Act, 2005
  145. lawSUTA Dumping Prevention Act of 2004
  146. lawCape Town Treaty Implementation Act of 2004
  147. lawUnited States- Morocco Free Trade Agreement Implementation Act
  148. lawEmergency Supplemental Appropriations for Disaster Relief Act, 2004
  149. lawSports Agent Responsibility and Trust Act
  150. lawHarpers Ferry National Historical Park Boundary Revision Act of 2004
  151. lawWelfare Reform Extension Act, Part VIII
  152. lawSurface Transportation Extension Act of 2004, Part V
  153. lawWorking Families Tax Relief Act of 2004
  154. lawMount Rainier National Park Boundary Adjustment Act of 2004
  155. lawJohnstown Flood National Memorial Boundary Adjustment Act of 2004
  156. lawMartin Luther King, Junior, National Historic Site Land Exchange Act
  157. lawCarpinteria and Montecito Water Distribution Systems Conveyance Act of 2004
  158. lawSouthwest Forest Health and Wildfire Prevention Act of 2004
  159. lawTimucuan Ecological and Historic Preserve Boundary Revision Act of 2004
  160. agency+Office of the Federal Coordinator, Alaska Natural Gas Transportation Projects
  161. lawMilitary Construction Appropriations and Emergency Hurricane Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2005
  162. lawCraig Recreation Land Purchase Act
  163. lawNational Wildlife Refuge Volunteer Act of 2004
  164. lawDepartment of Homeland Security Financial Accountability Act
  165. lawNorth Korean Human Rights Act of 2004
  166. lawDepartment of Homeland Security Appropriations Act, 2005
  167. lawDistrict of Columbia Appropriations Act, 2005
  168. lawSouthern Ute and Colorado Intergovernmental Agreement Implementation Act of 2004
  169. lawAlaska Native Allotment Subdivision Act
  170. lawManhattan Project National Historical Park Study Act
  171. lawEl Camino Real de los Tejas National Historic Trail Act
  172. lawTapoco Project Licensing Act of 2004
  173. lawArapaho and Roosevelt National Forests Land Exchange Act of 2004
  174. lawBelarus Democracy Act of 2004
  175. lawNational Park System General Authorities Act
  176. lawChimayo Water Supply System and Espanola Filtration Facility Act of 2004
  177. lawGarrett Lee Smith Memorial Act
  178. lawAmerican Jobs Creation Act of 2004
  179. lawAnabolic Steroid Control Act of 2004
  180. lawNational Windstorm Impact Reduction Act of 2004
  181. lawWater Supply, Reliability, and Environmental Improvement Act
  182. lawPancreatic Islet Cell Transplantation Act of 2004
  183. lawVeterans' Compensation Cost-of-Living Adjustment Act of 2004
  184. lawAssistive Technology Act of 1998
  185. lawMammography Quality Standards Reauthorization Act of 2004
  186. lawHigher Education Extension Act of 2004
  187. lawFort Donelson National Battlefield Expansion Act of 2004
  188. lawFamily Farmer Bankruptcy Relief Act of 2004
  189. lawPrevention of Child Abduction Partnership Act
  190. lawState Justice Institute Reauthorization Act of 2004
  191. lawAmerican Indian Probate Reform Act of 2004
  192. lawRonald W. Reagan National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2005
  193. lawAsthmatic Schoolchildren's Treatment and Health Management Act of 2004
  194. lawProvo River Project Transfer Act
  195. lawNational Archives and Records Administration Efficiency Act of 2004
  196. lawBrown Tree Snake Control and Eradication Act of 2004
  197. lawJohn Muir National Historic Site Boundary Adjustment Act
  198. law2004 District of Columbia Omnibus Authorization Act
  199. lawChickasaw National Recreation Area Land Exchange Act of 2004
  200. lawHomeownership Opportunities for Native Americans Act of 2004
  201. lawWilson's Creek National Battlefield Boundary Adjustment Act of 2004
  202. lawTruman Farm Home Expansion Act
  203. lawFederal Regulatory Improvement Act of 2004
  204. lawScott Campbell, Stephanie Roper, Wendy Preston, Louarna Gillis, and Nila Lynn Crime Victims' Rights Act
  205. lawSpecial Olympics Sport and Empowerment Act of 2004
  206. lawTaxpayer-Teacher Protection Act of 2004
  207. lawJohn F. Kennedy Center Reauthorization Act of 2004
  208. lawHibben Center Act
  209. lawMentally Ill Offender Treatment and Crime Reduction Act of 2004
  210. lawCopyright Royalty and Distribution Reform Act of 2004
  211. lawCalifornia Missions Preservation Act
  212. lawHighlands Conservation Act
  213. lawVeterans Health Programs Improvement Act of 2004
  214. lawDepartment of Energy High-End Computing Revitalization Act of 2004
  215. lawLincoln County Conservation, Recreation, and Development Act of 2004
  216. lawNorman Y. Mineta Research and Special Programs Improvement Act
  217. lawResearch Review Act of 2004
  218. lawPetrified Forest National Park Expansion Act of 2004
  219. lawInternet Tax Nondiscrimination Act
  220. lawIdaho Panhandle National Forest Improvement Act of 2004
  221. lawThree Affiliated Tribes Health Facility Compensation Act
  222. lawKate Mullany National Historic Site Act
  223. lawDepartment of Veterans Affairs Health Care Personnel Enhancement Act of 2004
  224. lawIndividuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act of 2004
  225. lawConsolidated Appropriations Act, 2005
  226. lawDistrict of Columbia Mental Health Civil Commitment Modernization Act of 2004
  227. lawArizona Water Settlements Act
  228. lawAlaska Land Transfer Acceleration Act
  229. lawCooperative Research and Technology Enhancement (CREATE) Act of 2004
  230. lawVeterans Benefits Improvement Act of 2004
  231. lawIntelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004
  232. lawSpecialty Crops Competitiveness Act of 2004
  233. lawThrift Savings Plan Open Elections Act of 2004
  234. lawAmerican History and Civics Education Act of 2004
  235. lawKilauea Point National Wildlife Refuge Expansion Act of 2004
  236. lawIntellectual Property Protection and Courts Amendments Act of 2004
  237. lawMicroenterprise Results and Accountability Act of 2004
  238. lawDistrict of Columbia Retirement Protection Improvement Act of 2004
  239. lawCommercial Space Launch Amendments Act of 2004
  240. lawVideo Voyeurism Prevention Act of 2004
  241. lawFederal Employee Dental and Vision Benefits Enhancement Act of 2004
  242. lawComprehensive Peace in Sudan Act of 2004
  243. orderAdjustments of Certain Rates of Pay