How did the United States change between Dec 31, 1999 and Oct 15, 2026?
Pick two dates. See the laws, the executive orders, the courts, Congress, federal agencies, the Constitution and the budget, as a diff.
$ civicdiff 1999-12-31..2026-10-15 # 27 years
jsonLaws enacted
+5,0601,951 notable
Executive orders
+1,294signed
Final rules
+96,1578,374 significant
Supreme Court
8 of 9seats changed hands
Agencies
+95 −38departments & tracked agencies
Public debt
+$34.6T$5.73T → $40.3T
The presidency passed from William Jefferson Clinton to Donald J. Trump across 5 transitions. Congress enacted 5,060 public laws. 91 senators and 402 representatives took seats that they did not hold before. 8 new justices joined the Supreme Court. Inflation-adjusted federal spending changed +121% (FY2000 → FY2025).
Executive
executive/presidentThe presidencyWilliam Jefferson Clinton D
42nd president
4 presidents in between
George Walker Bush R
took office Jan 20, 2001
Barack Hussein Obama D
took office Jan 20, 2009
Donald J. Trump R
took office Jan 20, 2017
Joseph Robinette Biden Jr. D
took office Jan 20, 2021
Donald J. Trump R
47th president · took office Jan 20, 2025
executive/vice-presidentThe vice presidencyAlbert Arnold Gore Jr. D
J.D. Vance R
took office Jan 20, 2025
executive/cabinetCabinet & senior officials+30−25Wikidata ↗
Secretary of State · 8 people took this office in between
Secretary of the Treasury · 8 people took this office in between
Secretary of Defense · 10 people took this office in between
Attorney General · 10 people took this office in between
Postmaster General · 5 people took this office in between
Secretary of the Navy · 15 people took this office in between
vacant or abolished
Show 20 more cabinet offices
Secretary of the Interior · 8 people took this office in between
Secretary of Agriculture · 8 people took this office in between
Secretary of Commerce · 11 people took this office in between
Secretary of Labor · 9 people took this office in between
Secretary of Health and Human Services · 9 people took this office in between
Secretary of Housing and Urban Development · 8 people took this office in between
Secretary of Transportation · 8 people took this office in between
Secretary of Energy · 11 people took this office in between
Secretary of Education · 8 people took this office in between
Secretary of Veterans Affairs · 9 people took this office in between
Secretary of Homeland Security · 9 people took this office in between
office did not exist
White House Chief of Staff · 13 people took this office in between
Director of the Office of Management and Budget · 14 people took this office in between
Jack Lew D
Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency · 9 people took this office in between
Ambassador to the United Nations · 17 people took this office in between
Director of National Intelligence · 11 people took this office in between
office did not exist
Director of the Central Intelligence Agency · 10 people took this office in between
office did not exist
Administrator of the Small Business Administration · 9 people took this office in between
Director of Central Intelligence
vacant or abolished
U.S. Trade Representative · 6 people took this office in between
Other senior officials (7 changed)
Postmaster General · 5 people took this office in between
Secretary of the Navy · 15 people took this office in between
vacant or abolished
Chair of the Federal Reserve · 4 people took this office in between
Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff · 9 people took this office in between
Director of the FBI · 4 people took this office in between
National Security Advisor · 12 people took this office in between
Marco Rubio R (acting)
Solicitor General · 8 people took this office in between
executive/ordersExecutive orders+1,294Federal Register API ↗
1,294 executive orders signed · William J. Clinton 53 · George W. Bush 291 · Barack Obama 278 · Donald Trump 510 · Joseph R. Biden Jr. 162
227 → 1,214 orders (issued since 1994) in force · 307 revoked in this window
EO 13148 Greening the Government Through Leadership in Environmental Management
Apr 21, 2000 · William J. Clinton · revoked by EO 13423
EO 13178 Northwestern Hawaiian Islands Coral Reef Ecosystem Reserve
Dec 4, 2000 · William J. Clinton
EO 13182 Adjustments of Certain Rates of Pay
Dec 23, 2000 · William J. Clinton · revoked by EO 13249
EO 13231 Critical Infrastructure Protection in the Information Age
Oct 16, 2001 · George W. Bush
EO 13249 Adjustments of Certain Rates of Pay
Dec 28, 2001 · George W. Bush
EO 13262 2002 Amendments to the Manual for Courts-Martial, United States
Apr 11, 2002 · George W. Bush
EO 13282 Adjustments of Certain Rates of Pay
Dec 31, 2002 · George W. Bush · revoked by EO 13322
EO 13286 Amendment of Executive Orders, and Other Actions, in Connection With the Transfer of Certain Functions to the Secretary of Homeland Security
Feb 28, 2003 · George W. Bush
Show 6 more
EO 13292 Further Amendment to Executive Order 12958, as Amended, Classified National Security Information
Mar 25, 2003 · George W. Bush
EO 13304 Termination of Emergencies With Respect to Yugoslavia and Modification of Executive Order 13219 of June 26, 2001
May 28, 2003 · George W. Bush
EO 13315 Blocking Property of the Former Iraqi Regime, Its Senior Officials and Their Family Members, and Taking Certain Other Actions
Aug 28, 2003 · George W. Bush
EO 13322 Adjustments of Certain Rates of Pay
Dec 30, 2003 · George W. Bush
EO 13332 Further Adjustment of Certain Rates of Pay
Mar 3, 2004 · George W. Bush
EO 13350 Termination of Emergency Declared in Executive Order 12722 With Respect to Iraq and Modification of Executive Order 13290, Executive Order 13303, and Executive Order 13315
Jul 29, 2004 · George W. Bush
executive/nominationsSenate confirmations+9,113Congress.gov ↗
13,348 civilian nominations received · 9,113 confirmed · 621 withdrawn · 3,578 returned to the President
Norman Y. Mineta, of California, to be Secretary of Commerce, vice William M. Daley.
confirmed Jul 20, 2000 · voice vote or unanimous consent
Roderick R. Paige, of Texas, to be Secretary of Education.
confirmed Jan 20, 2001 · voice vote or unanimous consent
Colin Luther Powell, of Virginia, to be Secretary of State.
confirmed Jan 20, 2001 · voice vote or unanimous consent
Paul Henry O'Neill, of Pennsylvania, to be Secretary of the Treasury.
confirmed Jan 20, 2001 · voice vote or unanimous consent
Donald Henry Rumsfeld, of Illinois, to be Secretary of Defense.
confirmed Jan 20, 2001 · voice vote or unanimous consent
Donald Louis Evans, of Texas, to be Secretary of Commerce.
confirmed Jan 20, 2001 · voice vote or unanimous consent
Spencer Abraham, of Michigan, to be Secretary of Energy.
confirmed Jan 20, 2001 · voice vote or unanimous consent
Ann Margaret Veneman, of California, to be Secretary of Agriculture.
confirmed Jan 20, 2001 · voice vote or unanimous consent
Mitchell E. Daniels, Jr., of Indiana, to be Director of the Office of Management and Budget.
confirmed Jan 23, 2001 · 100–0
Anthony Joseph Principi, of California, to be Secretary of Veterans Affairs.
confirmed Jan 23, 2001 · 100–0
Melquiades Rafael Martinez, of Florida, to be Secretary of Housing and Urban Development.
confirmed Jan 23, 2001 · 100–0
Show 194 more top confirmations
Tommy G. Thompson, of Wisconsin, to be Secretary of Health and Human Services.
confirmed Jan 24, 2001 · 100–0
Elaine Lan Chao, of Kentucky, to be Secretary of Labor.
confirmed Jan 29, 2001
Gale Ann Norton, of Colorado, to be Secretary of the Interior.
confirmed Jan 30, 2001 · 75–24
Christine Todd Whitman, of New Jersey, to be Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency.
confirmed Jan 30, 2001 · 99–0
John Ashcroft, of Missouri, to be Attorney General.
confirmed Feb 1, 2001 · 58–42
Thomas J. Ridge, of Pennsylvania, to be Secretary of Homeland Security. (New Position)
confirmed Jan 22, 2003 · 94–0
Condoleezza Rice, of California, to be Secretary of State, vice Colin Luther Powell, resigned.
confirmed Jan 26, 2005 · 85–13
Alberto R. Gonzales, of Texas, to be Attorney General, vice John Ashcroft, resigned.
confirmed Feb 3, 2005 · 60–36
Michael Chertoff, of New Jersey, to be Secretary of Homeland Security, vice Thomas J. Ridge, resigned.
confirmed Feb 15, 2005 · 98–0
John D. Negroponte, of New York, to be Director of National Intelligence. (New Position)
confirmed Apr 21, 2005 · 98–2
John G. Roberts, Jr., of Maryland, to be Chief Justice of the United States, vice William H. Rehnquist, deceased.
confirmed Sep 29, 2005 · 78–22
Robert M. Gates, of Texas, to be Secretary of Defense, vice Donald Henry Rumsfeld, resigned.
confirmed Dec 6, 2006 · 95–2
Jim Nussle, of Iowa, to be Director of the Office of Management and Budget, vice Robert J. Portman.
confirmed Sep 4, 2007 · 69–24
Michael B. Mukasey, of New York, to be Attorney General, vice Alberto R. Gonzales, resigned.
confirmed Nov 8, 2007 · 53–40
Janet Ann Napolitano, of Arizona, to be Secretary of Homeland Security.
confirmed Jan 20, 2009
Kenneth Lee Salazar, of Colorado, to be Secretary of the Interior.
confirmed Jan 20, 2009
Thomas J. Vilsack, of Iowa, to be Secretary of Agriculture.
confirmed Jan 20, 2009
Eric K. Shinseki, of Hawaii, to be Secretary of Veterans Affairs.
confirmed Jan 20, 2009
Arne Duncan, of Illinois, to be Secretary of Education.
confirmed Jan 20, 2009
Steven Chu, of California, to be Secretary of Energy.
confirmed Jan 20, 2009
Hillary Rodham Clinton, of New York, to be Secretary of State.
confirmed Jan 21, 2009 · 94–2
Ray LaHood, of Illinois, to be Secretary of Transportation.
confirmed Jan 22, 2009
Shaun L. S. Donovan, of New York, to be Secretary of Housing and Urban Development.
confirmed Jan 22, 2009
Timothy F. Geithner, of New York, to be Secretary of the Treasury.
confirmed Jan 26, 2009 · 60–34
Eric H. Holder, Jr., of the District of Columbia, to be Attorney General.
confirmed Feb 2, 2009 · 75–21
Hilda L. Solis, of California, to be Secretary of Labor.
confirmed Feb 24, 2009 · 80–17
Gary Locke, of Washington, to be Secretary of Commerce.
confirmed Mar 24, 2009
Kathleen Sebelius, of Kansas, to be Secretary of Health and Human Services.
confirmed Apr 28, 2009 · 65–31
Leon E. Panetta, of California, to be Secretary of Defense, vice Robert M. Gates.
confirmed Jun 21, 2011 · 100–0
David H. Petraeus, of New Hampshire, to be Director of the Central Intelligence Agency, vice Leon E. Panetta.
confirmed Jun 30, 2011 · 94–0
John Edgar Bryson, of California, to be Secretary of Commerce, vice Gary Locke.
confirmed Oct 20, 2011 · 74–26
John Forbes Kerry, of Massachusetts, to be Secretary of State, vice Hillary Rodham Clinton.
confirmed Jan 29, 2013 · 94–3
Charles Timothy Hagel, of Nebraska, to be Secretary of Defense, vice Leon E. Panetta.
confirmed Feb 26, 2013 · 58–41
Jacob J. Lew, of New York, to be Secretary of the Treasury, vice Timothy F. Geithner.
confirmed Feb 27, 2013 · 71–26
John Owen Brennan, of Virginia, to be Director of the Central Intelligence Agency, vice David H. Petraeus, resigned.
confirmed Mar 7, 2013 · 63–34
Sarah Jewell, of Washington, to be Secretary of the Interior, vice Kenneth Lee Salazar.
confirmed Apr 10, 2013 · 87–11
Ernest J. Moniz, of Massachusetts, to be Secretary of Energy, vice Steven Chu.
confirmed May 16, 2013 · 97–0
Penny Pritzker, of Illinois, to be Secretary of Commerce, vice John Edgar Bryson, resigned.
confirmed Jun 25, 2013 · 97–1
Anthony Renard Foxx, of North Carolina, to be Secretary of Transportation, vice Ray LaHood.
confirmed Jun 27, 2013 · 100–0
Thomas Edward Perez, of Maryland, to be Secretary of Labor, vice Hilda L. Solis, resigned.
confirmed Jul 18, 2013 · 54–46
Jeh Charles Johnson, of New Jersey, to be Secretary of Homeland Security, vice Janet Ann Napolitano, resigned.
confirmed Dec 16, 2013 · 78–16
Sylvia Mathews Burwell, of West Virginia, to be Secretary of Health and Human Services, vice Kathleen Sebelius.
confirmed Jun 5, 2014 · 78–17
Julian Castro, of Texas, to be Secretary of Housing and Urban Development, vice Shaun L. S. Donovan.
confirmed Jul 9, 2014 · 71–26
Shaun L. S. Donovan, of New York, to be Director of the Office of Management and Budget, vice Sylvia Mathews Burwell.
confirmed Jul 10, 2014 · 75–22
Robert Alan McDonald, of Ohio, to be Secretary of Veterans Affairs, vice Eric K. Shinseki, resigned.
confirmed Jul 29, 2014 · 97–0
Ashton B. Carter, of Massachusetts, to be Secretary of Defense, vice Charles Timothy Hagel.
confirmed Feb 12, 2015 · 93–5
Loretta E. Lynch, of New York, to be Attorney General, vice Eric H. Holder, Jr.
confirmed Apr 23, 2015 · 56–43
John B. King, of New York, to be Secretary of Education, vice Arne Duncan.
confirmed Mar 14, 2016 · 49–40
John F. Kelly, of Virginia, to be Secretary of Homeland Security.
confirmed Jan 20, 2017 · 88–11
James Mattis, of Washington, to be Secretary of Defense.
confirmed Jan 20, 2017 · 98–1
Mike Pompeo, of Kansas, to be Director of the Central Intelligence Agency, vice John Owen Brennan.
confirmed Jan 23, 2017 · 66–32
Elaine L. Chao, of Kentucky, to be Secretary of Transportation.
confirmed Jan 31, 2017 · 93–6
Rex W. Tillerson, of Texas, to be Secretary of State.
confirmed Feb 1, 2017 · 55–43
Jeff Sessions, of Alabama, to be Attorney General.
confirmed Feb 8, 2017 · 52–47
Thomas Price, of Georgia, to be Secretary of Health and Human Services.
confirmed Feb 10, 2017 · 52–47
David J. Shulkin, of Pennsylvania, to be Secretary of Veterans Affairs.
confirmed Feb 13, 2017 · 100–0
Steven T. Mnuchin, of California, to be Secretary of the Treasury.
confirmed Feb 13, 2017 · 53–47
Scott Pruitt, of Oklahoma, to be Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency.
confirmed Feb 17, 2017 · 52–46
Wilbur L. Ross, Jr., of Florida, to be Secretary of Commerce.
confirmed Feb 27, 2017 · 72–27
Ryan Zinke, of Montana, to be Secretary of the Interior.
confirmed Mar 1, 2017 · 68–31
Benjamin S. Carson, Sr., of Florida, to be Secretary of Housing and Urban Development.
confirmed Mar 2, 2017 · 58–41
James Richard Perry, of Texas, to be Secretary of Energy.
confirmed Mar 2, 2017 · 62–37
Daniel Coats, of Indiana, to be Director of National Intelligence, vice James R. Clapper, Jr.
confirmed Mar 15, 2017 · 85–12
Sonny Perdue, of Georgia, to be Secretary of Agriculture.
confirmed Apr 24, 2017 · 87–11
R. Alexander Acosta, of Florida, to be Secretary of Labor.
confirmed Apr 27, 2017 · 60–38
Kirstjen Nielsen, of Virginia, to be Secretary of Homeland Security, vice John F. Kelly, resigned.
confirmed Dec 5, 2017 · 62–37
Alex Michael Azar II, of Indiana, to be Secretary of Health and Human Services, vice Thomas Price, resigned.
confirmed Jan 24, 2018 · 55–43
Mike Pompeo, of Kansas, to be Secretary of State, vice Rex W. Tillerson.
confirmed Apr 26, 2018 · 57–42
Gina Haspel, of Kentucky, to be Director of the Central Intelligence Agency, vice Mike Pompeo.
confirmed May 17, 2018 · 54–45
Robert L. Wilkie, of North Carolina, to be Secretary of Veterans Affairs, vice David J. Shulkin.
confirmed Jul 23, 2018 · 86–9
William Pelham Barr, of Virginia, to be Attorney General, vice Jeff Sessions, resigned.
confirmed Feb 14, 2019 · 54–45
Andrew Wheeler, of Virginia, to be Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, vice Scott Pruitt.
confirmed Feb 28, 2019 · 52–47
David Bernhardt, of Virginia, to be Secretary of the Interior, vice Ryan Zinke.
confirmed Apr 11, 2019 · 56–41
Mark T. Esper, of Virginia, to be Secretary of Defense, vice James Mattis, resigned.
confirmed Jul 23, 2019 · 90–8
Eugene Scalia, of Virginia, to be Secretary of Labor, vice R. Alexander Acosta, resigned.
confirmed Sep 26, 2019 · 53–44
Dan R. Brouillette, of Texas, to be Secretary of Energy, vice James Richard Perry, resigning.
confirmed Dec 2, 2019 · 70–15
Jovita Carranza, of Illinois, to be Administrator of the Small Business Administration, vice Linda E. McMahon.
confirmed Jan 7, 2020 · 88–5
John L. Ratcliffe, of Texas, to be Director of National Intelligence, vice Daniel Coats, resigned.
confirmed May 21, 2020 · 49–44
Russell Vought, of Virginia, to be Director of the Office of Management and Budget, vice Mick Mulvaney.
confirmed Jul 20, 2020 · 51–45
Avril Danica Haines, of New York, to be Director of National Intelligence.
confirmed Jan 20, 2021 · 84–10
Lloyd James Austin, of Georgia, to be Secretary of Defense.
confirmed Jan 22, 2021 · 93–2
Janet Louise Yellen, of California, to be Secretary of the Treasury.
confirmed Jan 25, 2021 · 84–15
Antony John Blinken, of New York, to be Secretary of State.
confirmed Jan 26, 2021 · 78–22
Peter Paul Montgomery Buttigieg, of Indiana, to be Secretary of Transportation.
confirmed Feb 2, 2021 · 86–13
Alejandro Nicholas Mayorkas, of the District of Columbia, to be Secretary of Homeland Security.
confirmed Feb 2, 2021 · 56–43
Denis Richard McDonough, of Maryland, to be Secretary of Veterans Affairs.
confirmed Feb 8, 2021 · 87–7
Thomas J. Vilsack, of Iowa, to be Secretary of Agriculture.
confirmed Feb 23, 2021 · 92–7
Jennifer Mulhern Granholm, of Michigan, to be Secretary of Energy.
confirmed Feb 25, 2021 · 64–35
Miguel A. Cardona, of Connecticut, to be Secretary of Education.
confirmed Mar 1, 2021 · 64–33
Gina Marie Raimondo, of Rhode Island, to be Secretary of Commerce.
confirmed Mar 2, 2021 · 84–15
Merrick Brian Garland, of Maryland, to be Attorney General.
confirmed Mar 10, 2021 · 70–30
Marcia Louise Fudge, of Ohio, to be Secretary of Housing and Urban Development.
confirmed Mar 10, 2021 · 66–34
Debra Anne Haaland, of New Mexico, to be Secretary of the Interior.
confirmed Mar 15, 2021 · 51–40
Isabella Casillas Guzman, of California, to be Administrator of the Small Business Administration.
confirmed Mar 16, 2021 · 81–17
Xavier Becerra, of California, to be Secretary of Health and Human Services.
confirmed Mar 18, 2021 · 50–49
Martin Joseph Walsh, of Massachusetts, to be Secretary of Labor.
confirmed Mar 22, 2021 · 68–29
Shalanda D. Young, of Louisiana, to be Director of the Office of Management and Budget, vice Russell Vought.
confirmed Mar 15, 2022 · 61–36
Marco Rubio, of Florida, to be Secretary of State.
confirmed Jan 20, 2025 · 99–0
John Ratcliffe, of Texas, to be Director of the Central Intelligence Agency.
confirmed Jan 23, 2025 · 74–25
Peter Hegseth, of Tennessee, to be Secretary of Defense.
confirmed Jan 24, 2025 · 51–50
Kristi Noem, of South Dakota, to be Secretary of Homeland Security.
confirmed Jan 25, 2025 · 59–34
Scott Bessent, of South Carolina, to be Secretary of the Treasury.
confirmed Jan 27, 2025 · 68–29
Sean Duffy, of Wisconsin, to be Secretary of Transportation.
confirmed Jan 28, 2025 · 77–22
Lee Zeldin, of New York, to be Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency.
confirmed Jan 29, 2025 · 56–42
Douglas Burgum, of North Dakota, to be Secretary of the Interior.
confirmed Jan 30, 2025 · 80–17
Christopher Wright, of Colorado, to be Secretary of Energy.
confirmed Feb 3, 2025 · 59–38
Pamela Bondi, of Florida, to be Attorney General.
confirmed Feb 4, 2025 · 54–46
Douglas Collins, of Georgia, to be Secretary of Veterans Affairs.
confirmed Feb 4, 2025 · 77–23
Eric Turner, of Texas, to be Secretary of Housing and Urban Development.
confirmed Feb 5, 2025 · 55–44
Tulsi Gabbard, of Hawaii, to be Director of National Intelligence.
confirmed Feb 12, 2025 · 52–48
Brooke Rollins, of Texas, to be Secretary of Agriculture.
confirmed Feb 13, 2025 · 72–28
Robert F. Kennedy, Jr., of California, to be Secretary of Health and Human Services.
confirmed Feb 13, 2025 · 52–48
Howard Lutnick, of New York, to be Secretary of Commerce.
confirmed Feb 18, 2025 · 51–45
Kelly Loeffler, of Georgia, to be Administrator of the Small Business Administration.
confirmed Feb 19, 2025 · 52–46
Linda McMahon, of Connecticut, to be Secretary of Education.
confirmed Mar 3, 2025 · 51–45
Lori Chavez-DeRemer, of Oregon, to be Secretary of Labor.
confirmed Mar 10, 2025 · 67–32
Markwayne Mullin, of Oklahoma, to be Secretary of Homeland Security, vice Kristi Noem.
confirmed Mar 23, 2026 · 54–45
Walter Clayton, of New York, to be Director of National Intelligence, vice Tulsi Gabbard.
confirmed Jul 28, 2026 · 51–47
Todd Blanche, of Florida, to be Attorney General, vice Pamela Bondi.
confirmed Aug 8, 2026 · 50–49
Keith Sonderling, of Florida, to be Secretary of Labor, vice Lori Chavez-DeRemer, resigned.
confirmed Sep 30, 2026 · 47–41
Civilian nominations only (military promotions excluded). Top confirmations are cabinet-level posts, Supreme Court justices, and the Fed chair.
executive/agenciesFederal agencies+95−38Wikidata ↗
362 → 425 tracked organizations · 15 → 16 executive departments
United States Department of Homeland Security department
established Nov 25, 2002 · United States federal executive department
Delta Regional Authority
established Jan 1, 2000 · agency of the United States federal government
United States–China Economic and Security Review Commission
established Oct 1, 2000 · independent agency of the United States government
Election Assistance Commission
established Jan 1, 2002 · independent agency of the United States government
Millennium Challenge Corporation
established Jan 1, 2004 · government agency
Office of the Federal Coordinator, Alaska Natural Gas Transportation Projects
established Oct 13, 2004
Federal Housing Finance Agency
established Jan 1, 2008 · U.S. federal agency
Consumer Financial Protection Bureau
established Jul 21, 2011 · agency of the United States government responsible for consumer protection in the financial sector
National Commission on Military, National, and Public Service
established Sep 19, 2017
United States International Development Finance Corporation
established Dec 20, 2019 · an executive agency of the US federal government responsible for providing foreign aid
Show 123 more
United States Homeland Security Council
established Jan 1, 2001 · U.S. federal executive public safety, immigration and disaster relief forum
Homeland Security Advisory Council
established Mar 19, 2002 · part of the Executive Office of the President of the United States
United States Digital Service
established Aug 11, 2014 · former digital services department of the Executive Office of the President of the United States
Office of the National Cyber Director
established Jan 1, 2021 · US government agency on cybersecurity
Congressional Office for International Leadership
established Jan 1, 2000 · legislative branch agency in the U.S.
Defense Contract Management Agency
established Jan 1, 2000 · agency in the US federal government
Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration
established Jan 1, 2000 · agency of the United States Department of Transportation
Interior Business Center
established Jan 1, 2000
National Nuclear Security Administration
established Jan 1, 2000 · semi-autonomous agency within the United States Department of Energy responsible for nuclear weapons stewardship
Bureau of Industry and Security
established Jan 1, 2001 · federal law enforcement agency of the United States
Federal Reserve Police
established Jan 1, 2001 · law enforcement unit of the Federal Reserve System, the central banking system of the United States
National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities
established Jan 1, 2001 · facility in Atlanta, United States
Transportation Security Administration
established Jan 1, 2001 · United States federal government agency
Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons
established Oct 1, 2001 · office of the United States Department of State
Office of Force Transformation
established Oct 29, 2001 · office of the United States Department of Defense Office, 2001–2006
HSARPA
established Jan 1, 2002 · agency of the US Department of Homeland Security
Information Awareness Office
established Jan 1, 2002 · government agency established by the DARPA to achieve "Total Information Awareness"
Institute of Education Sciences
established Jan 1, 2002 · United States Department of Education research branch
National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center
established Jan 1, 2002 · U.S. government biodefense research laboratory
National Center for Education Evaluation and Regional Assistance
established Jan 1, 2002 · center of the U.S. Department of Education's Institute of Education Sciences
Office of Public Health Preparedness and Response
established Jan 1, 2002 · United States federal agency
Pentagon Force Protection Agency
established Jan 1, 2002 · federal law enforcement agency within the U.S. Department of Defense
Privacy Office of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security
established Jan 1, 2002
Office of Special Plans
established Sep 1, 2002 · U.S. intelligence unit
Department of Homeland Security, Science and Technology Directorate
established Jan 1, 2003 · U.S. Dept. of Homeland Security Research and Development units
DHS Management Directorate
established Jan 1, 2003 · U.S. government body support agency
DHS Office of Health Affairs
established Jan 1, 2003 · office in the United States Department of Homeland Security
Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability
established Jan 1, 2003 · US Department of Energy program office
United States Chief Human Capital Officers Council
established Jan 1, 2003 · organization of chief human capital officers of United States executive departments
Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau
established Jan 24, 2003 · United States Treasury bureau which regulates and collects taxes on alcohol, tobacco, and firearms
U.S. Customs and Border Protection
established Mar 1, 2003 · customs service of the United States since 2003
United States Citizenship and Immigration Services
established Mar 1, 2003 · immigration benefits agency of the United States government
United States Immigration and Customs Enforcement
established Mar 1, 2003 · United States federal law enforcement agency
Air Traffic Organization
established Nov 1, 2003 · FAA terminology
Alhurra
established Jan 1, 2004 · US TV station broadcasting to the Arab world
Office of Intelligence and Analysis
established Jan 1, 2004 · agency of the United States Department of the Treasury
Office of Terrorism and Financial Intelligence
established Jan 1, 2004 · United States government agency
Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration
established Jan 1, 2004 · United States government agency
Privacy and Civil Liberties Oversight Board
established Jan 1, 2004 · U.S. government agency
Office of Under Secretary of Energy for Science
established Jan 1, 2005 · American government agency
Research and Innovative Technology Administration
established Feb 22, 2005 · research programs agency within the U.S. Department of Transportation
Administration for Strategic Preparedness and Response
established Jan 1, 2006 · United States federal government agency
Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority
established Jan 1, 2006 · government organization in Washington D.C., United States
CBP Air and Marine Operations
established Jan 1, 2006 · law enforcement agency
Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity
established Jan 1, 2006 · American government agency
United States Department of Justice National Security Division
established Jan 1, 2006 · national Security Division
DHS Office of Intelligence and Analysis
established Jan 1, 2007 · office of the United States Department of Homeland Security
Joint BioEnergy Institute
established Jan 1, 2007 · research institute in Emeryville, California
Civilian Board of Contract Appeals
established Jan 6, 2007 · United States government agency
Operationally Responsive Space Office
established May 21, 2007 · joint initiative of several agencies within the United States Department of Defense
Council of the Inspectors General on Integrity and Efficiency
established Jan 1, 2008 · U.S. government executive branch office created by 2008 Inspector General Reform Act
United States Capitol Visitor Center
established Jan 1, 2008 · underground visitor center in Washington, D.C.
Defense Academic Information Technology Consortium
established May 1, 2008
Office of Financial Stability
established Oct 1, 2008 · office of the United States Department of the Treasury
Office of Congressional Accessibility Services
established Oct 20, 2008 · office providing accessibility services and information in the United States Capitol Complex
ARPA-E
established Jan 1, 2009 · organization
Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission
established Jan 1, 2009
Office of Nuclear Energy
established Jan 1, 2009 · US government agency
Recovery Accountability and Transparency Board
established Jan 1, 2009 · former agency of the United States federal government
Office of Digital Strategy
established Jan 20, 2009 · Executive Branch agency that promotes the U.S. president's messaging through traditional and social media
Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology
established Feb 17, 2009 · U.S. federal agency responsible for national health IT leadership
Office of Government Information Services
established Sep 1, 2009 · office within the National Archives and Records Administration
Bureau of Arms Control, Verification and Compliance
established Jan 1, 2010 · bureau within the U.S. Department of State
Young African Leaders Initiative
established Jan 1, 2010 · US Department of State project
Bureau of Ocean Energy Management
established Oct 1, 2011 · US Water Energy Agency
Bureau of the Fiscal Service
established Jan 1, 2012 · United States federal agency
Defense Forensics and Biometrics Agency
established Jan 1, 2012 · government organization in Charlotte, United States
Northeast Climate Science Center
established Jan 1, 2012 · government organization in Amherst Center, United States
White House Initiative on Advancing Educational Equity, Excellence, and Economic Opportunity for Black Americans
established Jul 26, 2012 · White House initiative housed in the United States Department of Education
Administration for Community Living
established Jan 1, 2014 · United States federal agency that supports the needs of the aging and disability populations, and improves access health care and long-term services
Defense Digital Service
established Jan 1, 2015
Defense Innovation Unit
established Aug 1, 2015 · technological research agency of the United States Department of Defense
National Background Investigations Bureau
established Jan 1, 2016 · succesor Agency to the Federal Investigative Services Division
Global Engagement Center
established Jan 1, 2016 · U.S. federal government agency
Build America Bureau
established Jul 20, 2016
Department of Homeland Security Office of Strategy, Policy, and Plans
established Dec 23, 2016 · office of the United States Department of Homeland Security
NOAA National Weather Service Pacific Region
established Jan 1, 2017 · administers the programs and facilities of the NWS throughout a large expanse of the Pacific
National Vetting Center
established Jan 1, 2018 · United States government agency
Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency
established Nov 16, 2018 · agency of the United States Department of Homeland Security
Countering Weapons of Mass Destruction Office
established Dec 21, 2018
White House Initiative on Advancing Educational Equity, Excellence, and Economic Opportunity for Native Americans and Strengthening Tribal Colleges and Universities
established Oct 11, 2021 · government agency housed in the United States Department of Education
Disinformation Governance Board
established Jan 1, 2022 · board of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security
Advanced Research Projects Agency for Health
established Mar 15, 2022 · United States federal agency established in 2022
Office of Long COVID Research and Practice
established Jan 1, 2023
U.S. Wildland Fire Service
established Jan 1, 2026 · United States government agency
National Commission on Libraries and Information Science
abolished Jan 1, 2008 · U.S. government agency
Office of the Federal Coordinator, Alaska Natural Gas Transportation Projects
abolished Mar 7, 2015
Overseas Private Investment Corporation
abolished Dec 20, 2019 · government agency of the United States of America · replaced by United States International Development Finance Corporation
Dwight D. Eisenhower Memorial Commission
abolished Sep 17, 2020
U.S. Census Monitoring Board
abolished Sep 30, 2001 · former agency
Ballistic Missile Defense Organization
abolished Jan 1, 2002 · former agency of the United States Department of Defense · replaced by Missile Defense Agency
Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms
abolished Jan 1, 2003 · former American federal agency · replaced by Q434371,Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau
United States Customs Service
abolished Mar 1, 2003 · former customs service of the United States (1789-2003) · replaced by U.S. Customs and Border Protection
United States Immigration and Naturalization Service
abolished Mar 1, 2003 · former immigration service of the United States · replaced by U.S. Customs and Border Protection,United States Immigration and Customs Enforcement,United States Citizenship and Immigration Services
Office of Special Plans
abolished Jun 1, 2003 · U.S. intelligence unit
Research and Special Programs Administration
abolished Jan 1, 2004 · replaced by Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration
Copyright Arbitration Royalty Panel
abolished Jan 1, 2005 · American copyright agency · replaced by Copyright Royalty Board
Farmers Home Administration
abolished Jan 1, 2006 · U.S. federal agency with mission and programs involved in extending credit for agriculture and rural development
Office of Force Transformation
abolished Oct 1, 2006 · office of the United States Department of Defense Office, 2001–2006 · replaced by Office of the Under Secretary of Defense for Policy
Department of Energy Board of Contract Appeals
abolished Jan 6, 2007 · replaced by Civilian Board of Contract Appeals
General Services Administration Board of Contract Appeals
abolished Jan 6, 2007 · replaced by Civilian Board of Contract Appeals
Technology Administration
abolished Aug 9, 2007 · former agency in the Department of Commerce that worked with United States industries
Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service
abolished Sep 1, 2009 · agency of the United States Department of Agriculture (1994-2009) · replaced by National Institute of Food and Agriculture
Employment Standards Administration
abolished Nov 8, 2009 · large agency within the U.S. Department of Labor, ESA was eliminated on November 8, 2009
Tropical Prediction Center
abolished Jan 1, 2010
U.S. Geological Survey Biological Resources Division
abolished Jan 1, 2010 · defunct division of the U.S. Geological Survey · replaced by USGS Ecosystems Mission Area
Minerals Management Service
abolished Jan 1, 2011 · government agency · replaced by Bureau of Ocean Energy Management
Office of Thrift Supervision
abolished Jul 21, 2011 · U.S. Treasury Department agency · replaced by Office of the Comptroller of the Currency
Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense, Networks and Information Integration, Information Management
abolished Jan 11, 2012 · former office of the United States Department of Defense
Research and Innovative Technology Administration
abolished Jan 1, 2014 · research programs agency within the U.S. Department of Transportation
Agency start and end dates come from Wikidata, which covers smaller bureaus unevenly.
executive/regulationsFederal regulations+96,157Federal Register API ↗
96,157 final rules published in the Federal Register
from Dec 31, 1999
8,374 of them flagged "significant" under EO 12866
major economic or policy impact
61,467 proposed rules · 643,849 notices
Loading which agencies published the most rules…
Final rules carry the force of law. Rescissions count as rules too, so this measures regulatory activity, not net growth.
Military
military/conflictsArmed conflictsU.S. in 0 armed conflicts → 7
Iraq: insurgency and war against IS
began Aug 8, 2014 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against IS
Somalia: al-Shabaab
began 2015 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against Al-Shabaab
Iran–Israel conflict
began 2020 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against Israel
Red Sea: the Houthis (Yemen)
began Feb 3, 2024 · U.S. a principal party · against Ansarallah (the Houthis)
Syria: Islamic State
began 2025 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against IS
Nigeria: Islamic State
began 2025 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against IS
Somalia: Islamic State
began Feb 1, 2025 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against IS
13 conflicts began and ended in between
War against al-Qaida
Sep 11, 2001 – Dec 4, 2017 · U.S. a principal party · against al-Qaida
Invasion of Afghanistan
Oct 7, 2001 – Nov 13, 2001 · U.S. a principal party · against Afghanistan
War in Afghanistan (Taliban insurgency)
2003 – Aug 30, 2021 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against the Taliban
Invasion of Iraq
Mar 23, 2003 – Apr 28, 2003 · U.S. a principal party · against Iraq
Iraq: insurgency and war against IS
Jan 18, 2004 – Dec 18, 2011 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against Ansar al-Islam, IS
Yemen: Houthis and AQAP
2009 – 2014 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against Ansarallah, AQAP
Afghanistan: Islamic State
Mar 3, 2015 – Aug 30, 2021 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against IS
Libya: Islamic State
2016 – Sep 29, 2019 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against IS
Niger: Islamic State
2017 – 2022 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against IS
Kenya: al-Shabaab
2019 – 2021 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against Al-Shabaab
Somalia: Islamic State
Jun 4, 2019 – Dec 19, 2021 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against IS
War against al-Qaida
Jul 31, 2019 – Sep 7, 2019 · U.S. a principal party · against al-Qaida
Niger: JNIM
Dec 9, 2021 – 2022 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against JNIM
An armed conflict here means at least 25 battle deaths in a year, with U.S. forces as a party or fighting for a government (UCDP's definition). Air strikes, raids, and advisory missions below that threshold aren't included. UN peacekeeping missions are excluded. UCDP data runs through 2025, so "active" on later dates means active at the end of 2025.
military/authorizationsDeclarations of war & authorizationsAuthorization for Use of Military Force (2001)
Sep 18, 2001 · Authorized force against those responsible for the September 11 attacks (Pub. L. 107-40).
Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Iraq (2002)
Oct 16, 2002 · Authorized the Iraq War (Pub. L. 107-243).
Legislative
legislative/controlControl of Congress106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
Top: House · Bottom: Senate DemocraticRepublican
106th Congress → 119th Congress · 13 new Congresses elected
10 changes of chamber control along the way
House: Republican majority on both dates
222 R · 213 D → 219 R · 214 D
Senate: Republican majority on both dates
55 R · 45 D → 53 R · 47 D
legislative/senateSenate+91−91congress-legislators ↗
91 new members · 91 departed · 9 served on both dates · women 9 → 27 · median age 58 → 66
36 seats changed party
Gordon Harold Smith R
Oregon
Jeff Merkley D
Oregon
Robert Smith R
New Hampshire
Jeanne Shaheen D
New Hampshire
John W. Warner R
Virginia
Mark R. Warner D
Virginia
John D. Rockefeller, IV D
West Virginia
Shelley Moore Capito R
West Virginia
Show 32 more seat flips
Mary L. Landrieu D
Louisiana
Bill Cassidy R
Louisiana
Pete V. Domenici R
New Mexico
Ben Ray Luján D
New Mexico
Max Baucus D
Montana
Steve Daines R
Montana
Tom Harkin D
Iowa
Joni Ernst R
Iowa
Tim Johnson D
South Dakota
Mike Rounds R
South Dakota
Wayne A. Allard R
Colorado
John W. Hickenlooper D
Colorado
Ben Nighthorse Campbell R
Colorado
Michael F. Bennet D
Colorado
Blanche Lambert Lincoln D
Arkansas
John Boozman R
Arkansas
Byron L. Dorgan D
North Dakota
John Hoeven R
North Dakota
Russell D. Feingold D
Wisconsin
Ron Johnson R
Wisconsin
Ernest F. Hollings D
South Carolina
Tim Scott R
South Carolina
Thomas A. Daschle D
South Dakota
John Thune R
South Dakota
Evan Bayh D
Indiana
Todd Young R
Indiana
Peter G. Fitzgerald R
Illinois
Tammy Duckworth D
Illinois
John B. Breaux D
Louisiana
John Kennedy R
Louisiana
Judd A. Gregg R
New Hampshire
Margaret Wood Hassan D
New Hampshire
John Reid Edwards D
North Carolina
Ted Budd R
North Carolina
John McCain R
Arizona
Mark Kelly D
Arizona
Paul D. Coverdell R
Georgia
Raphael G. Warnock D
Georgia
Arlen Specter R
Pennsylvania
John Fetterman D
Pennsylvania
T. Slade Gorton R
Washington
Maria Cantwell D
Washington
Rod Grams R
Minnesota
Amy Klobuchar D
Minnesota
James M. Jeffords R
Vermont
Bernard Sanders I
Vermont
Lincoln D. Chafee R
Rhode Island
Sheldon Whitehouse D
Rhode Island
Olympia J. Snowe R
Maine
Angus S. King, Jr. I
Maine
Kent Conrad D
North Dakota
Kevin Cramer R
North Dakota
J. Robert Kerrey D
Nebraska
Deb Fischer R
Nebraska
Jon Kyl R
Arizona
Ruben Gallego D
Arizona
William V. Roth Jr. R
Delaware
Lisa Blunt Rochester D
Delaware
Spencer Abraham R
Michigan
Elissa Slotkin D
Michigan
Robert C. Byrd D
West Virginia
James C. Justice R
West Virginia
Bob Graham D
Florida
Ashley Moody R
Florida
Who joined and who left (91 in · 91 out)
Dan Sullivan R
Alaska
Lisa Murkowski R
Alaska
Tommy Tuberville R
Alabama
Katie Boyd Britt R
Alabama
Tom Cotton R
Arkansas
John Boozman R
Arkansas
Mark Kelly D
Arizona
Ruben Gallego D
Arizona
Alex Padilla D
California
Adam B. Schiff D
California
John W. Hickenlooper D
Colorado
Michael F. Bennet D
Colorado
Richard Blumenthal D
Connecticut
Christopher Murphy D
Connecticut
Christopher A. Coons D
Delaware
Lisa Blunt Rochester D
Delaware
Rick Scott R
Florida
Ashley Moody R
Florida
Jon Ossoff D
Georgia
Raphael G. Warnock D
Georgia
Brian Schatz D
Hawaii
Mazie K. Hirono D
Hawaii
Joni Ernst R
Iowa
James E. Risch R
Idaho
Tammy Duckworth D
Illinois
Todd Young R
Indiana
Jim Banks R
Indiana
Roger Marshall R
Kansas
Jerry Moran R
Kansas
Rand Paul R
Kentucky
Bill Cassidy R
Louisiana
John Kennedy R
Louisiana
Edward J. Markey D
Massachusetts
Elizabeth Warren D
Massachusetts
Chris Van Hollen D
Maryland
Angela D. Alsobrooks D
Maryland
Angus S. King, Jr. I
Maine
Gary C. Peters D
Michigan
Elissa Slotkin D
Michigan
Tina Smith D
Minnesota
Amy Klobuchar D
Minnesota
Eric Schmitt R
Missouri
Josh Hawley R
Missouri
Cindy Hyde-Smith R
Mississippi
Roger F. Wicker R
Mississippi
Steve Daines R
Montana
Tim Sheehy R
Montana
Thom Tillis R
North Carolina
Ted Budd R
North Carolina
John Hoeven R
North Dakota
Kevin Cramer R
North Dakota
Pete Ricketts R
Nebraska
Deb Fischer R
Nebraska
Jeanne Shaheen D
New Hampshire
Margaret Wood Hassan D
New Hampshire
Cory A. Booker D
New Jersey
Andy Kim D
New Jersey
Ben Ray Luján D
New Mexico
Martin Heinrich D
New Mexico
Catherine Cortez Masto D
Nevada
Jacky Rosen D
Nevada
Kirsten E. Gillibrand D
New York
Bernie Moreno R
Ohio
Jon Husted R
Ohio
James Lankford R
Oklahoma
Alan Armstrong R
Oklahoma
Jeff Merkley D
Oregon
John Fetterman D
Pennsylvania
David McCormick R
Pennsylvania
Sheldon Whitehouse D
Rhode Island
Tim Scott R
South Carolina
Darline Graham R
South Carolina
Mike Rounds R
South Dakota
John Thune R
South Dakota
Bill Hagerty R
Tennessee
Marsha Blackburn R
Tennessee
John Cornyn R
Texas
Ted Cruz R
Texas
Mike Lee R
Utah
John R. Curtis R
Utah
Mark R. Warner D
Virginia
Tim Kaine D
Virginia
Peter Welch D
Vermont
Bernard Sanders I
Vermont
Maria Cantwell D
Washington
Ron Johnson R
Wisconsin
Tammy Baldwin D
Wisconsin
Shelley Moore Capito R
West Virginia
James C. Justice R
West Virginia
Cynthia M. Lummis R
Wyoming
John Barrasso R
Wyoming
Ted F. Stevens R
Alaska
Frank H. Murkowski R
Alaska
Jeff Sessions R
Alabama
Richard C. Shelby R
Alabama
Tim Hutchinson R
Arkansas
Blanche Lambert Lincoln D
Arkansas
Jon Kyl R
Arizona
John McCain R
Arizona
Dianne Feinstein D
California
Barbara Boxer D
California
Wayne A. Allard R
Colorado
Ben Nighthorse Campbell R
Colorado
Joseph I. Lieberman D
Connecticut
Christopher J. Dodd D
Connecticut
William V. Roth Jr. R
Delaware
Joseph R. Biden Jr. D
Delaware
Connie Mack III R
Florida
Bob Graham D
Florida
J. Maxwell Cleland D
Georgia
Paul D. Coverdell R
Georgia
Daniel K. Akaka D
Hawaii
Daniel K. Inouye D
Hawaii
Tom Harkin D
Iowa
Larry E. Craig R
Idaho
Peter G. Fitzgerald R
Illinois
Richard G. Lugar R
Indiana
Evan Bayh D
Indiana
Pat Roberts R
Kansas
Samuel D. Brownback R
Kansas
Jim Bunning R
Kentucky
Mary L. Landrieu D
Louisiana
John B. Breaux D
Louisiana
Edward M. Kennedy D
Massachusetts
John F. Kerry D
Massachusetts
Paul S. Sarbanes D
Maryland
Barbara A. Mikulski D
Maryland
Olympia J. Snowe R
Maine
Spencer Abraham R
Michigan
Carl Levin D
Michigan
Rod Grams R
Minnesota
Paul David Wellstone D
Minnesota
John Ashcroft R
Missouri
Christopher S. Bond R
Missouri
Trent Lott R
Mississippi
Thad Cochran R
Mississippi
Conrad Burns R
Montana
Max Baucus D
Montana
Jesse Helms R
North Carolina
John Reid Edwards D
North Carolina
Kent Conrad D
North Dakota
Byron L. Dorgan D
North Dakota
J. Robert Kerrey D
Nebraska
Charles T. Hagel R
Nebraska
Robert Smith R
New Hampshire
Judd A. Gregg R
New Hampshire
Frank R. Lautenberg D
New Jersey
Robert Torricelli D
New Jersey
Jeff Bingaman D
New Mexico
Pete V. Domenici R
New Mexico
Richard H. Bryan D
Nevada
Harry Reid D
Nevada
Daniel Patrick Moynihan D
New York
Michael DeWine R
Ohio
George V. Voinovich R
Ohio
James M. Inhofe R
Oklahoma
Don Nickles R
Oklahoma
Gordon Harold Smith R
Oregon
Richard J. Santorum R
Pennsylvania
Arlen Specter R
Pennsylvania
Lincoln D. Chafee R
Rhode Island
J. Strom Thurmond R
South Carolina
Ernest F. Hollings D
South Carolina
Tim Johnson D
South Dakota
Thomas A. Daschle D
South Dakota
William H. Frist R
Tennessee
Fred Thompson R
Tennessee
Kay Bailey Hutchison R
Texas
Phil Gramm R
Texas
Orrin G. Hatch R
Utah
Robert F. Bennett R
Utah
Charles S. Robb D
Virginia
John W. Warner R
Virginia
James M. Jeffords R
Vermont
Patrick J. Leahy D
Vermont
T. Slade Gorton R
Washington
Herb Kohl D
Wisconsin
Russell D. Feingold D
Wisconsin
Robert C. Byrd D
West Virginia
John D. Rockefeller, IV D
West Virginia
Craig Thomas R
Wyoming
Michael B. Enzi R
Wyoming
legislative/houseHouse+402−404congress-legislators ↗
402 new members · 404 departed · 31 served on both dates · women 56 → 125 · median age 53 → 59
37 state delegations changed
Show delegation changes
Arkansas 2 D · 2 R
Arkansas 0 D · 4 R
Arizona 1 D · 5 R
Arizona 3 D · 6 R
California 28 D · 24 R
California 43 D · 9 R
Colorado 2 D · 4 R
Colorado 4 D · 4 R
Connecticut 4 D · 2 R
Connecticut 5 D · 0 R
Delaware 0 D · 1 R
Delaware 1 D · 0 R
Florida 8 D · 15 R
Florida 7 D · 20 R
Georgia 3 D · 8 R
Georgia 5 D · 9 R
Iowa 1 D · 4 R
Iowa 0 D · 4 R
Illinois 10 D · 10 R
Illinois 14 D · 3 R
Indiana 4 D · 6 R
Indiana 2 D · 7 R
Louisiana 2 D · 5 R
Louisiana 2 D · 4 R
Massachusetts 10 D · 0 R
Massachusetts 9 D · 0 R
Maryland 4 D · 4 R
Maryland 7 D · 1 R
Michigan 10 D · 6 R
Michigan 6 D · 7 R
Minnesota 6 D · 2 R
Minnesota 4 D · 4 R
Missouri 5 D · 4 R
Missouri 2 D · 6 R
Mississippi 3 D · 2 R
Mississippi 1 D · 3 R
Montana 0 D · 1 R
Montana 0 D · 2 R
North Carolina 5 D · 7 R
North Carolina 4 D · 10 R
North Dakota 1 D · 0 R
North Dakota 0 D · 1 R
New Hampshire 0 D · 2 R
New Hampshire 2 D · 0 R
New Jersey 7 D · 6 R
New Jersey 9 D · 3 R
New Mexico 1 D · 2 R
New Mexico 3 D · 0 R
Nevada 1 D · 1 R
Nevada 3 D · 1 R
New York 19 D · 12 R
New York 19 D · 7 R
Ohio 8 D · 11 R
Ohio 5 D · 10 R
Oklahoma 0 D · 6 R
Oklahoma 0 D · 5 R
Oregon 4 D · 1 R
Oregon 5 D · 1 R
Pennsylvania 11 D · 10 R
Pennsylvania 7 D · 10 R
South Carolina 2 D · 4 R
South Carolina 1 D · 6 R
Tennessee 4 D · 5 R
Tennessee 1 D · 8 R
Texas 17 D · 13 R
Texas 13 D · 24 R
Utah 0 D · 3 R
Utah 0 D · 4 R
Washington 5 D · 4 R
Washington 8 D · 2 R
Wisconsin 5 D · 4 R
Wisconsin 2 D · 6 R
West Virginia 3 D · 0 R
West Virginia 0 D · 2 R
Who joined and who left (402 in · 404 out)
Nicholas J. Begich III R
Alaska-AL
Mike Rogers R
Alabama-3
Terri A. Sewell D
Alabama-7
Gary J. Palmer R
Alabama-6
Barry Moore R
Alabama-1
Dale W. Strong R
Alabama-5
Shomari Figures D
Alabama-2
Eric A. "Rick" Crawford R
Arkansas-1
Steve Womack R
Arkansas-3
J. French Hill R
Arkansas-2
Bruce Westerman R
Arkansas-4
Paul A. Gosar R
Arizona-9
David Schweikert R
Arizona-1
Andy Biggs R
Arizona-5
Greg Stanton D
Arizona-4
Elijah Crane R
Arizona-2
Juan Ciscomani R
Arizona-6
Yassamin Ansari D
Arizona-3
Abraham J. Hamadeh R
Arizona-8
Adelita S. Grijalva D
Arizona-7
Judy Chu D
California-28
Jim Costa D
California-21
John Garamendi D
California-8
Doris O. Matsui D
California-7
Tom McClintock R
California-5
Linda T. Sánchez D
California-38
Jared Huffman D
California-2
Ami Bera D
California-6
Julia Brownley D
California-26
Raul Ruiz D
California-25
Mark Takano D
California-39
Juan Vargas D
California-52
Scott H. Peters D
California-50
Mark DeSaulnier D
California-10
Pete Aguilar D
California-33
Ted Lieu D
California-36
Norma J. Torres D
California-35
Ro Khanna D
California-17
Jimmy Panetta D
California-19
Salud O. Carbajal D
California-24
Nanette Diaz Barragán D
California-44
J. Luis Correa D
California-46
Jimmy Gomez D
California-34
Josh Harder D
California-9
Mike Levin D
California-49
Darrell Issa R
California-48
David G. Valadao R
California-22
Jay Obernolte R
California-23
Young Kim R
California-40
Sara Jacobs D
California-51
Kevin Mullin D
California-15
Sydney Kamlager-Dove D
California-37
Robert Garcia D
California-42
Vince Fong R
California-20
Gilbert Ray Cisneros, Jr. D
California-31
Lateefah Simon D
California-12
Adam Gray D
California-13
Sam T. Liccardo D
California-16
George Whitesides D
California-27
Luz M. Rivas D
California-29
Laura Friedman D
California-30
Derek Tran D
California-45
Dave Min D
California-47
Kevin Kiley I
California-3
James Gallagher R
California-1
Aisha Wahab D
California-14
Joe Neguse D
Colorado-2
Jason Crow D
Colorado-6
Lauren Boebert R
Colorado-4
Brittany Pettersen D
Colorado-7
Jeff Hurd R
Colorado-3
Jeff Crank R
Colorado-5
Gabe Evans R
Colorado-8
Joe Courtney D
Connecticut-2
James A. Himes D
Connecticut-4
Jahana Hayes D
Connecticut-5
Sarah McBride D
Delaware-AL
Gus M. Bilirakis R
Florida-12
Vern Buchanan R
Florida-16
Kathy Castor D
Florida-14
Mario Diaz-Balart R
Florida-26
Debbie Wasserman Schultz D
Florida-25
Daniel Webster R
Florida-11
Frederica S. Wilson D
Florida-24
Lois Frankel D
Florida-22
Neal P. Dunn R
Florida-2
John H. Rutherford R
Florida-5
Darren Soto D
Florida-9
Brian J. Mast R
Florida-21
W. Gregory Steube R
Florida-17
Kat Cammack R
Florida-3
Scott Franklin R
Florida-18
Byron Donalds R
Florida-19
Carlos A. Gimenez R
Florida-28
Maria Elvira Salazar R
Florida-27
Aaron Bean R
Florida-4
Cory Mills R
Florida-7
Maxwell Frost D
Florida-10
Anna Paulina Luna R
Florida-13
Laurel M. Lee R
Florida-15
Jared Moskowitz D
Florida-23
Mike Haridopolos R
Florida-8
Jimmy Patronis R
Florida-1
Randy Fine R
Florida-6
Henry C. "Hank" Johnson, Jr. D
Georgia-4
Austin Scott R
Georgia-8
Earl L. "Buddy" Carter R
Georgia-1
Barry Loudermilk R
Georgia-11
Rick W. Allen R
Georgia-12
Lucy McBath D
Georgia-6
Nikema Williams D
Georgia-5
Andrew S. Clyde R
Georgia-9
Richard McCormick R
Georgia-7
Mike Collins R
Georgia-10
Brian Jack R
Georgia-3
Clay Fuller R
Georgia-14
Everton Blair Jr. D
Georgia-13
Ed Case D
Hawaii-1
Jill N. Tokuda D
Hawaii-2
Ashley Hinson R
Iowa-2
Mariannette Miller-Meeks R
Iowa-1
Randy Feenstra R
Iowa-4
Zachary Nunn R
Iowa-3
Russ Fulcher R
Idaho-1
Mike Quigley D
Illinois-5
Bill Foster D
Illinois-11
Robin L. Kelly D
Illinois-2
Mike Bost R
Illinois-12
Darin LaHood R
Illinois-16
Bradley Scott Schneider D
Illinois-10
Raja Krishnamoorthi D
Illinois-8
Jesús G. "Chuy" García D
Illinois-4
Sean Casten D
Illinois-6
Lauren Underwood D
Illinois-14
Mary E. Miller R
Illinois-15
Jonathan L. Jackson D
Illinois-1
Delia C. Ramirez D
Illinois-3
Nikki Budzinski D
Illinois-13
Eric Sorensen D
Illinois-17
André Carson D
Indiana-7
James R. Baird R
Indiana-4
Frank J. Mrvan D
Indiana-1
Victoria Spartz R
Indiana-5
Rudy Yakym III R
Indiana-2
Erin Houchin R
Indiana-9
Marlin A. Stutzman R
Indiana-3
Jefferson Shreve R
Indiana-6
Mark B. Messmer R
Indiana-8
Ron Estes R
Kansas-4
Sharice Davids D
Kansas-3
Tracey Mann R
Kansas-1
Derek Schmidt R
Kansas-2
Brett Guthrie R
Kentucky-2
Thomas Massie R
Kentucky-4
Andy Barr R
Kentucky-6
James Comer R
Kentucky-1
Morgan McGarvey D
Kentucky-3
Steve Scalise R
Louisiana-1
Clay Higgins R
Louisiana-3
Mike Johnson R
Louisiana-4
Julia Letlow R
Louisiana-5
Troy A. Carter D
Louisiana-2
Cleo Fields D
Louisiana-6
William R. Keating D
Massachusetts-9
Stephen F. Lynch D
Massachusetts-8
Katherine M. Clark D
Massachusetts-5
Seth Moulton D
Massachusetts-6
Lori Trahan D
Massachusetts-3
Ayanna Pressley D
Massachusetts-7
Jake Auchincloss D
Massachusetts-4
Andy Harris R
Maryland-1
Jamie Raskin D
Maryland-8
Kweisi Mfume D
Maryland-7
Glenn Ivey D
Maryland-4
Johnny Olszewski, Jr. D
Maryland-2
Sarah Elfreth D
Maryland-3
April McClain Delaney D
Maryland-6
Chellie Pingree D
Maine-1
Jared F. Golden D
Maine-2
Bill Huizenga R
Michigan-4
Tim Walberg R
Michigan-5
John R. Moolenaar R
Michigan-2
Debbie Dingell D
Michigan-6
Jack Bergman R
Michigan-1
Haley M. Stevens D
Michigan-11
Rashida Tlaib D
Michigan-12
Lisa C. McClain R
Michigan-9
Hillary J. Scholten D
Michigan-3
John James R
Michigan-10
Shri Thanedar D
Michigan-13
Tom Barrett R
Michigan-7
Kristen McDonald Rivet D
Michigan-8
Betty McCollum D
Minnesota-4
Tom Emmer R
Minnesota-6
Angie Craig D
Minnesota-2
Ilhan Omar D
Minnesota-5
Pete Stauber R
Minnesota-8
Michelle Fischbach R
Minnesota-7
Brad Finstad R
Minnesota-1
Kelly Morrison D
Minnesota-3
Emanuel Cleaver D
Missouri-5
Sam Graves R
Missouri-6
Ann Wagner R
Missouri-2
Jason Smith R
Missouri-8
Mark Alford R
Missouri-4
Eric Burlison R
Missouri-7
Wesley Bell D
Missouri-1
Robert F. Onder, Jr. R
Missouri-3
Trent Kelly R
Mississippi-1
Michael Guest R
Mississippi-3
Mike Ezell R
Mississippi-4
Ryan K. Zinke R
Montana-1
Troy Downing R
Montana-2
Virginia Foxx R
North Carolina-5
Richard Hudson R
North Carolina-9
Alma S. Adams D
North Carolina-12
David Rouzer R
North Carolina-7
Gregory F. Murphy R
North Carolina-3
Deborah K. Ross D
North Carolina-2
Donald G. Davis D
North Carolina-1
Valerie P. Foushee D
North Carolina-4
Chuck Edwards R
North Carolina-11
Addison P. McDowell R
North Carolina-6
Mark Harris R
North Carolina-8
Pat Harrigan R
North Carolina-10
Brad Knott R
North Carolina-13
Tim Moore R
North Carolina-14
Julie Fedorchak R
North Dakota-AL
Adrian Smith R
Nebraska-3
Don Bacon R
Nebraska-2
Mike Flood R
Nebraska-1
Chris Pappas D
New Hampshire-1
Maggie Goodlander D
New Hampshire-2
Donald Norcross D
New Jersey-1
Bonnie Watson Coleman D
New Jersey-12
Josh Gottheimer D
New Jersey-5
Jefferson Van Drew R
New Jersey-2
Thomas H. Kean, Jr. R
New Jersey-7
Robert Menendez D
New Jersey-8
LaMonica McIver D
New Jersey-10
Herbert C. Conaway, Jr. D
New Jersey-3
Nellie Pou D
New Jersey-9
Analilia Mejia D
New Jersey-11
Teresa Leger Fernandez D
New Mexico-3
Melanie A. Stansbury D
New Mexico-1
Gabe Vasquez D
New Mexico-2
Mark E. Amodei R
Nevada-2
Dina Titus D
Nevada-1
Steven Horsford D
Nevada-4
Susie Lee D
Nevada-3
Yvette D. Clarke D
New York-9
Paul Tonko D
New York-20
Grace Meng D
New York-6
Hakeem S. Jeffries D
New York-8
Elise M. Stefanik R
New York-21
Adriano Espaillat D
New York-13
Joseph D. Morelle D
New York-25
Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez D
New York-14
Andrew R. Garbarino R
New York-2
Nicole Malliotakis R
New York-11
Ritchie Torres D
New York-15
Claudia Tenney R
New York-24
Patrick Ryan D
New York-18
Nick LaLota R
New York-1
Daniel S. Goldman D
New York-10
Michael Lawler R
New York-17
Nicholas A. Langworthy R
New York-23
Thomas R. Suozzi D
New York-3
Timothy M. Kennedy D
New York-26
Laura Gillen D
New York-4
George Latimer D
New York-16
Josh Riley D
New York-19
John W. Mannion D
New York-22
Jim Jordan R
Ohio-4
Robert E. Latta R
Ohio-5
Michael R. Turner R
Ohio-10
Joyce Beatty D
Ohio-3
David P. Joyce R
Ohio-14
Warren Davidson R
Ohio-8
Troy Balderson R
Ohio-12
Shontel M. Brown D
Ohio-11
Mike Carey R
Ohio-15
Greg Landsman D
Ohio-1
Max L. Miller R
Ohio-7
Emilia Strong Sykes D
Ohio-13
Michael A. Rulli R
Ohio-6
David J. Taylor R
Ohio-2
Tom Cole R
Oklahoma-4
Kevin Hern R
Oklahoma-1
Stephanie I. Bice R
Oklahoma-5
Josh Brecheen R
Oklahoma-2
Suzanne Bonamici D
Oregon-1
Cliff Bentz R
Oregon-2
Val T. Hoyle D
Oregon-4
Andrea Salinas D
Oregon-6
Maxine Dexter D
Oregon-3
Janelle S. Bynum D
Oregon-5
Mike Kelly R
Pennsylvania-16
Glenn Thompson R
Pennsylvania-15
Scott Perry R
Pennsylvania-10
Brendan F. Boyle D
Pennsylvania-2
Dwight Evans D
Pennsylvania-3
Brian K. Fitzpatrick R
Pennsylvania-1
Lloyd Smucker R
Pennsylvania-11
Mary Gay Scanlon D
Pennsylvania-5
Madeleine Dean D
Pennsylvania-4
Chrissy Houlahan D
Pennsylvania-6
Daniel Meuser R
Pennsylvania-9
John Joyce R
Pennsylvania-13
Guy Reschenthaler R
Pennsylvania-14
Summer L. Lee D
Pennsylvania-12
Christopher R. Deluzio D
Pennsylvania-17
Ryan Mackenzie R
Pennsylvania-7
Robert P. Bresnahan, Jr. R
Pennsylvania-8
Seth Magaziner D
Rhode Island-2
Gabe Amo D
Rhode Island-1
Joe Wilson R
South Carolina-2
Ralph Norman R
South Carolina-5
William R. Timmons IV R
South Carolina-4
Nancy Mace R
South Carolina-1
Russell Fry R
South Carolina-7
Sheri Biggs R
South Carolina-3
Dusty Johnson R
South Dakota-AL
Steve Cohen D
Tennessee-9
Scott DesJarlais R
Tennessee-4
Charles J. "Chuck" Fleischmann R
Tennessee-3
David Kustoff R
Tennessee-8
Tim Burchett R
Tennessee-2
John W. Rose R
Tennessee-6
Diana Harshbarger R
Tennessee-1
Andrew Ogles R
Tennessee-5
Matt Van Epps R
Tennessee-7
John R. Carter R
Texas-31
Henry Cuellar D
Texas-28
Al Green D
Texas-9
Michael T. McCaul R
Texas-10
Randy K. Weber, Sr. R
Texas-14
Joaquin Castro D
Texas-20
Roger Williams R
Texas-25
Marc A. Veasey D
Texas-33
Brian Babin R
Texas-36
Vicente Gonzalez D
Texas-34
Jodey C. Arrington R
Texas-19
Michael Cloud R
Texas-27
Dan Crenshaw R
Texas-2
Lance Gooden R
Texas-5
Lizzie Fletcher D
Texas-7
Veronica Escobar D
Texas-16
Chip Roy R
Texas-21
Sylvia R. Garcia D
Texas-29
Pat Fallon R
Texas-4
August Pfluger R
Texas-11
Ronny Jackson R
Texas-13
Troy E. Nehls R
Texas-22
Beth Van Duyne R
Texas-24
Jake Ellzey R
Texas-6
Nathaniel Moran R
Texas-1
Keith Self R
Texas-3
Morgan Luttrell R
Texas-8
Monica De La Cruz R
Texas-15
Jasmine Crockett D
Texas-30
Greg Casar D
Texas-35
Wesley Hunt R
Texas-38
Craig A. Goldman R
Texas-12
Brandon Gill R
Texas-26
Julie Johnson D
Texas-32
Christian D. Menefee D
Texas-18
Blake D. Moore R
Utah-1
Burgess Owens R
Utah-4
Celeste Maloy R
Utah-2
Mike Kennedy R
Utah-3
H. Morgan Griffith R
Virginia-9
Robert J. Wittman R
Virginia-1
Donald S. Beyer, Jr. D
Virginia-8
Ben Cline R
Virginia-6
Jennifer A. Kiggans R
Virginia-2
Jennifer L. McClellan D
Virginia-4
John J. McGuire III R
Virginia-5
Eugene Simon Vindman D
Virginia-7
Suhas Subramanyam D
Virginia-10
James R. Walkinshaw D
Virginia-11
Becca Balint D
Vermont-AL
Rick Larsen D
Washington-2
Suzan K. DelBene D
Washington-1
Dan Newhouse R
Washington-4
Pramila Jayapal D
Washington-7
Kim Schrier D
Washington-8
Marilyn Strickland D
Washington-10
Marie Gluesenkamp Perez D
Washington-3
Michael Baumgartner R
Washington-5
Emily Randall D
Washington-6
Gwen Moore D
Wisconsin-4
Mark Pocan D
Wisconsin-2
Glenn Grothman R
Wisconsin-6
Bryan Steil R
Wisconsin-1
Thomas P. Tiffany R
Wisconsin-7
Scott Fitzgerald R
Wisconsin-5
Derrick Van Orden R
Wisconsin-3
Tony Wied R
Wisconsin-8
Carol D. Miller R
West Virginia-1
Riley M. Moore R
West Virginia-2
Harriet M. Hageman R
Wyoming-AL
Don Young R
Alaska-AL
H. L. Callahan R
Alabama-1
Earl F. Hilliard D
Alabama-7
Bob Riley R
Alabama-3
Robert E. Cramer Jr. D
Alabama-5
Terry Everett R
Alabama-2
Spencer Bachus R
Alabama-6
Jay Dickey R
Arkansas-4
Asa Hutchinson R
Arkansas-3
Robert Marion Berry D
Arkansas-1
Victor F. Snyder D
Arkansas-2
Robert Stump R
Arizona-3
John D. Hayworth Jr. R
Arizona-6
James T. Kolbe R
Arizona-5
John B. Shadegg R
Arizona-4
Ed Pastor D
Arizona-2
Matt Salmon R
Arizona-1
Matthew G. Martínez D
California-31
Tom Campbell R
California-15
Julian C. Dixon D
California-32
Steven T. Kuykendall R
California-36
Ron Packard R
California-48
James E. Rogan R
California-27
Gary Condit D
California-18
Stephen Horn R
California-38
Calvin M. Dooley D
California-20
Robert T. Matsui D
California-5
Doug Ose R
California-3
C. Christopher Cox R
California-47
Randall H. Cunningham R
California-51
Richard W. Pombo R
California-11
William M. Thomas R
California-21
John T. Doolittle R
California-4
Duncan L. Hunter R
California-52
Tom Lantos D
California-12
Juanita Millender-McDonald D
California-37
George P. Radanovich R
California-19
Ellen O. Tauscher D
California-10
Bob Filner D
California-50
Howard L. Berman D
California-26
Brian P. Bilbray R
California-49
Mary Bono Mack R
California-44
David Dreier R
California-28
Elton Gallegly R
California-23
Wally Herger R
California-2
Jerry Lewis R
California-40
Fortney Pete Stark D
California-13
Lynn C. Woolsey D
California-6
Howard P. "Buck" McKeon R
California-25
Gary G. Miller R
California-41
George Miller D
California-7
Henry A. Waxman D
California-29
Lois Capps D
California-22
Sam Farr D
California-17
Loretta Sanchez D
California-46
Xavier Becerra D
California-30
Dana Rohrabacher R
California-45
Edward R. Royce R
California-39
Lucille Roybal-Allard D
California-33
Anna G. Eshoo D
California-14
Barbara Lee D
California-9
Grace F. Napolitano D
California-34
Joe Baca D
California-42
Bob Schaffer R
Colorado-4
Scott McInnis R
Colorado-3
Joel Hefley R
Colorado-5
Thomas G. Tancredo R
Colorado-6
Mark Udall D
Colorado-2
Sam Gejdenson D
Connecticut-2
James Maloney D
Connecticut-5
Nancy Lee Johnson R
Connecticut-6
Christopher H. Shays R
Connecticut-4
Michael N. Castle R
Delaware-AL
Charles T. Canady R
Florida-12
Tillie K. Fowler R
Florida-4
Bill McCollum R
Florida-8
Carrie Meek D
Florida-17
Dan Miller R
Florida-13
Joe Scarborough R
Florida-1
Karen Thurman D
Florida-5
Peter Deutsch D
Florida-20
Porter J. Goss R
Florida-14
Michael Bilirakis R
Florida-9
James Davis D
Florida-11
Mark Adam Foley R
Florida-16
E. Clay Shaw Jr. R
Florida-22
David J. Weldon Jr. R
Florida-15
Allen Boyd Jr. D
Florida-2
Lincoln Diaz-Balart R
Florida-21
Robert Wexler D
Florida-19
Cliff Stearns R
Florida-6
C. W. Bill Young R
Florida-10
Corrine Brown D
Florida-3
John L. Mica R
Florida-7
Ileana Ros-Lehtinen R
Florida-18
Alcee L. Hastings D
Florida-23
Bob Barr R
Georgia-7
Michael Allen Collins R
Georgia-3
Cynthia McKinney D
Georgia-4
Charles W. Norwood Jr. R
Georgia-10
Nathan Deal R
Georgia-9
John Linder R
Georgia-11
Saxby Chambliss R
Georgia-8
Jack Kingston R
Georgia-1
Johnny Isakson R
Georgia-6
John Lewis D
Georgia-5
Patsy Takemoto Mink D
Hawaii-2
Neil Abercrombie D
Hawaii-1
Greg Ganske R
Iowa-4
James A. Leach R
Iowa-1
James Allen Nussle R
Iowa-2
Leonard L. Boswell D
Iowa-3
Tom Latham R
Iowa-5
Helen Chenoweth-Hage R
Idaho-1
Thomas W. Ewing R
Illinois-15
John Edward Porter R
Illinois-10
Rod Blagojevich D
Illinois-5
David Phelps D
Illinois-19
Philip M. Crane R
Illinois-8
William O. Lipinski D
Illinois-3
Lane A. Evans D
Illinois-17
Henry John Hyde R
Illinois-6
J. Dennis Hastert R
Illinois-14
Ray H. LaHood R
Illinois-18
Gerald C. Weller R
Illinois-11
Jesse L. Jackson Jr. D
Illinois-2
Judy Biggert R
Illinois-13
Jerry F. Costello D
Illinois-12
Donald A. Manzullo R
Illinois-16
Luis V. Gutiérrez D
Illinois-4
John Shimkus R
Illinois-20
Bobby L. Rush D
Illinois-1
David M. McIntosh R
Indiana-2
Edward A. Pease R
Indiana-7
Timothy Roemer D
Indiana-3
John Nathan Hostettler R
Indiana-8
Julia M. Carson D
Indiana-10
Stephen E. Buyer R
Indiana-5
Baron P. Hill D
Indiana-9
Mark Edward Souder R
Indiana-4
Dan Burton R
Indiana-6
Peter J. Visclosky D
Indiana-1
Jim R. Ryun R
Kansas-2
Dennis Moore D
Kansas-3
Todd Tiahrt R
Kansas-4
Jerry Moran R
Kansas-1
Ernest Lee Fletcher R
Kentucky-6
Kenneth R. Lucas D
Kentucky-4
Anne Meagher Northup R
Kentucky-3
Ron Lewis R
Kentucky-2
Ed Whitfield R
Kentucky-1
John Cooksey R
Louisiana-5
Christopher John D
Louisiana-7
William J. Tauzin R
Louisiana-3
Richard Hugh Baker R
Louisiana-6
William J. Jefferson D
Louisiana-2
James O. McCrery III R
Louisiana-4
David Vitter R
Louisiana-1
John Joseph Moakley D
Massachusetts-9
Martin T. Meehan D
Massachusetts-5
William D. Delahunt D
Massachusetts-10
Barney Frank D
Massachusetts-4
John W. Olver D
Massachusetts-1
John F. Tierney D
Massachusetts-6
Michael E. Capuano D
Massachusetts-8
Edward J. Markey D
Massachusetts-7
Robert L. Ehrlich Jr. R
Maryland-2
Constance Morella R
Maryland-8
Wayne T. Gilchrest R
Maryland-1
Albert Russell Wynn D
Maryland-4
Roscoe G. Bartlett R
Maryland-6
Elijah E. Cummings D
Maryland-7
Benjamin L. Cardin D
Maryland-3
John Baldacci D
Maine-2
Thomas H. Allen D
Maine-1
James A. Barcia D
Michigan-5
David E. Bonior D
Michigan-10
Lynn Rivers D
Michigan-13
Nick Smith R
Michigan-7
Joseph K. Knollenberg R
Michigan-11
Vernon J. Ehlers R
Michigan-3
Peter Hoekstra R
Michigan-2
Carolyn Cheeks Kilpatrick D
Michigan-15
Bart T. Stupak D
Michigan-1
Dale E. Kildee D
Michigan-9
Dave Camp R
Michigan-4
John D. Dingell D
Michigan-16
John Conyers, Jr. D
Michigan-14
Sander M. Levin D
Michigan-12
Fred Upton R
Michigan-6
Debbie Stabenow D
Michigan-8
David Minge D
Minnesota-2
Bruce F. Vento D
Minnesota-4
William Luther D
Minnesota-6
Gilbert W. Gutknecht R
Minnesota-1
Martin Olav Sabo D
Minnesota-5
James M. Ramstad R
Minnesota-3
James L. Oberstar D
Minnesota-8
Collin C. Peterson D
Minnesota-7
William Lacy Clay Sr. D
Missouri-1
Pat Danner D
Missouri-6
James M. Talent R
Missouri-2
Richard Andrew Gephardt D
Missouri-3
Karen McCarthy D
Missouri-5
Kenny C. Hulshof R
Missouri-9
Ike Skelton D
Missouri-4
Jo Ann Emerson R
Missouri-8
Roy Blunt R
Missouri-7
Ronnie Shows D
Mississippi-4
Charles W. Pickering Jr. R
Mississippi-3
Gene Taylor D
Mississippi-5
Roger F. Wicker R
Mississippi-1
Rick Hill R
Montana-AL
Eva Clayton D
North Carolina-1
Cass Ballenger R
North Carolina-10
Charles H. Taylor R
North Carolina-11
Robin C. Hayes R
North Carolina-8
Bob R. Etheridge D
North Carolina-2
Sue Wilkins Myrick R
North Carolina-9
Melvin L. Watt D
North Carolina-12
Mike McIntyre D
North Carolina-7
Howard Coble R
North Carolina-6
Walter B. Jones R
North Carolina-3
Richard Burr R
North Carolina-5
David E. Price D
North Carolina-4
Earl Ralph Pomeroy D
North Dakota-AL
Bill Barrett R
Nebraska-3
Douglas K. Bereuter R
Nebraska-1
Lee Terry R
Nebraska-2
John E. Sununu R
New Hampshire-1
Charles F. Bass R
New Hampshire-2
Bob Franks R
New Jersey-7
Marge Roukema R
New Jersey-5
H. James Saxton R
New Jersey-3
Donald M. Payne D
New Jersey-10
Steven R. Rothman D
New Jersey-9
Robert E. Andrews D
New Jersey-1
Rush Holt D
New Jersey-12
Rodney P. Frelinghuysen R
New Jersey-11
Frank A. LoBiondo R
New Jersey-2
Bill Pascrell, Jr. D
New Jersey-8
Robert Menendez D
New Jersey-13
Joseph Skeen R
New Mexico-2
Heather A. Wilson R
New Mexico-1
Tom Udall D
New Mexico-3
James A. Gibbons R
Nevada-2
Shelley Berkley D
Nevada-1
Rick A. Lazio R
New York-2
Benjamin Gilman R
New York-20
John J. LaFalce D
New York-29
Amory Houghton Jr. R
New York-31
Jack Quinn R
New York-30
Sherwood L. Boehlert R
New York-23
Sue W. Kelly R
New York-19
Major R. Owens D
New York-11
John E. Sweeney R
New York-22
Vito J. Fossella Jr. R
New York-13
Michael R. McNulty D
New York-21
Thomas M. Reynolds R
New York-27
James T. Walsh R
New York-25
John M. McHugh R
New York-24
Anthony David Weiner D
New York-9
Gary L. Ackerman D
New York-5
Maurice D. Hinchey D
New York-26
Edolphus Towns D
New York-10
Carolyn McCarthy D
New York-4
Charles B. Rangel D
New York-15
Louise McIntosh Slaughter D
New York-28
Joseph Crowley D
New York-7
Eliot L. Engel D
New York-17
Peter T. King R
New York-3
Nita M. Lowey D
New York-18
José E. Serrano D
New York-16
Carolyn B. Maloney D
New York-14
Michael P. Forbes D
New York-1
John R. Kasich R
Ohio-12
Tony P. Hall D
Ohio-3
Thomas C. Sawyer D
Ohio-14
James A. Traficant Jr. D
Ohio-17
Robert William Ney R
Ohio-18
Michael G. Oxley R
Ohio-4
Ted Strickland D
Ohio-6
Paul E. Gillmor R
Ohio-5
David Lee Hobson R
Ohio-7
Stephanie Tubbs Jones D
Ohio-11
Deborah D. Pryce R
Ohio-15
Ralph Regula R
Ohio-16
Dennis J. Kucinich D
Ohio-10
Steven C. LaTourette R
Ohio-19
John A. Boehner R
Ohio-8
Steve Chabot R
Ohio-1
Rob Portman R
Ohio-2
Sherrod Brown D
Ohio-13
Steve Largent R
Oklahoma-1
Wes Watkins R
Oklahoma-3
J.C. Watts R
Oklahoma-4
Ernest J. Istook Jr. R
Oklahoma-5
Tom Coburn R
Oklahoma-2
Darlene Hooley D
Oregon-5
David Wu D
Oregon-1
Greg Walden R
Oregon-2
Peter A. DeFazio D
Oregon-4
Earl Blumenauer D
Oregon-3
William F. Goodling R
Pennsylvania-19
Ron Klink D
Pennsylvania-4
Robert A. Borski D
Pennsylvania-3
William J. Coyne D
Pennsylvania-14
George W. Gekas R
Pennsylvania-17
Frank Mascara D
Pennsylvania-20
Elmer Greinert Shuster R
Pennsylvania-9
James C. Greenwood R
Pennsylvania-8
Joseph M. Hoeffel D
Pennsylvania-13
Donald L. Sherwood R
Pennsylvania-10
W. Curtis Weldon R
Pennsylvania-7
Philip English R
Pennsylvania-21
John E. Peterson R
Pennsylvania-5
Paul E. Kanjorski D
Pennsylvania-11
John P. Murtha D
Pennsylvania-12
Tim Holden D
Pennsylvania-6
Chaka Fattah D
Pennsylvania-2
Joseph R. Pitts R
Pennsylvania-16
Robert A. Brady D
Pennsylvania-1
Michael F. Doyle D
Pennsylvania-18
Patrick J. Toomey R
Pennsylvania-15
Robert A. Weygand D
Rhode Island-2
Patrick Joseph Kennedy D
Rhode Island-1
Floyd Spence R
South Carolina-2
John McKee Spratt Jr. D
South Carolina-5
Jim DeMint R
South Carolina-4
Mark Sanford R
South Carolina-1
Lindsey Graham R
South Carolina-3
John Thune R
South Dakota-AL
Ed Bryant R
Tennessee-7
Robert Clement D
Tennessee-5
Van Hilleary R
Tennessee-4
Harold E. Ford Jr. D
Tennessee-9
William Lewis Jenkins R
Tennessee-1
Barton Jennings Gordon D
Tennessee-6
John S. Tanner D
Tennessee-8
Zach Wamp R
Tennessee-3
John J. Duncan, Jr. R
Tennessee-2
Bill Archer R
Texas-7
Richard K. Armey R
Texas-26
Ken Bentsen D
Texas-25
Larry Combest R
Texas-19
Jonas Frost III D
Texas-24
Max A. Sandlin Jr. D
Texas-1
Charles W. Stenholm D
Texas-17
James Turner D
Texas-2
Henry Bonilla R
Texas-23
Thomas Dale DeLay R
Texas-22
Nicholas V. Lampson D
Texas-9
Thomas Edwards D
Texas-11
Solomon P. Ortiz D
Texas-27
Ciro D. Rodriguez D
Texas-28
Charles A. Gonzalez D
Texas-20
Ron Paul R
Texas-14
Silvestre Reyes D
Texas-16
Ralph M. Hall D
Texas-4
Rubén Hinojosa D
Texas-15
Joe Barton R
Texas-6
Gene Green D
Texas-29
Sam Johnson R
Texas-3
Lamar Smith R
Texas-21
Mac Thornberry R
Texas-13
Kevin Brady R
Texas-8
Eddie Bernice Johnson D
Texas-30
Sheila Jackson Lee D
Texas-18
Kay Granger R
Texas-12
Merrill Cook R
Utah-2
James V. Hansen R
Utah-1
Christopher B. Cannon R
Utah-3
Virgil H. Goode Jr. D
Virginia-5
Herbert H. Bateman R
Virginia-1
Tom Bliley R
Virginia-7
Owen B. Pickett D
Virginia-2
Norman Sisisky D
Virginia-4
Thomas M. Davis III R
Virginia-11
Frederick C. Boucher D
Virginia-9
James P. Moran D
Virginia-8
Frank R. Wolf R
Virginia-10
Bob Goodlatte R
Virginia-6
Bernard Sanders I
Vermont-AL
Jack Metcalf R
Washington-2
Jennifer B. Dunn R
Washington-8
George R. Nethercutt Jr. R
Washington-5
Brian N. Baird D
Washington-3
Jay Inslee D
Washington-1
Norman D. Dicks D
Washington-6
Doc Hastings R
Washington-4
Jim McDermott D
Washington-7
Thomas M. Barrett D
Wisconsin-5
Gerald D. Kleczka D
Wisconsin-4
Mark A. Green R
Wisconsin-8
David Ross Obey D
Wisconsin-7
Thomas E. Petri R
Wisconsin-6
Paul D. Ryan R
Wisconsin-1
F. James Sensenbrenner, Jr. R
Wisconsin-9
Ron Kind D
Wisconsin-3
Tammy Baldwin D
Wisconsin-2
Robert E. Wise Jr. D
West Virginia-2
Alan B. Mollohan D
West Virginia-1
Nick J. Rahall II D
West Virginia-3
Barbara L. Cubin R
Wyoming-AL
legislative/lawsLaws enacted+5,060Congress.gov ↗
5,060 public laws enacted · 16 landmark · 1,935 notable · 1,861 routine · 1,248 ceremonial
Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism (USA PATRIOT ACT) Act of 2001 landmark
Pub. L. 107-56 · Oct 26, 2001
Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act of 2003 landmark
Pub. L. 108-173 · Dec 8, 2003
Show 30 more notable laws
CHIPS and Science Act or Creating Helpful Incentives to Produce Semiconductors for America Act landmark
Pub. L. 117-167 · Aug 9, 2022
Electronic Benefit Transfer Interoperability and Portability Act of 2000
Pub. L. 106-171 · Feb 11, 2000
Hillory J. Farias and Samantha Reid Date-Rape Drug Prohibition Act of 2000
Pub. L. 106-172 · Feb 18, 2000
Abraham Lincoln Bicentennial Commission Act
Pub. L. 106-173 · Feb 25, 2000
Poison Control Center Enhancement and Awareness Act
Pub. L. 106-174 · Feb 25, 2000
Omnibus Parks Technical Corrections Act of 2000
Pub. L. 106-176 · Mar 10, 2000
Child Abuse Prevention and Enforcement Act
Pub. L. 106-177 · Mar 10, 2000
Iran Nonproliferation Act of 2000
Pub. L. 106-178 · Mar 14, 2000
Indian Tribal Economic Development and Contract Encouragement Act of 2000
Pub. L. 106-179 · Mar 14, 2000
Open-market Reorganization for the Betterment of International Telecommunications Act
Pub. L. 106-180 · Mar 17, 2000
Wendell H. Ford Aviation Investment and Reform Act for the 21st Century
Pub. L. 106-181 · Apr 5, 2000
Senior Citizens' Freedom to Work Act of 2000
Pub. L. 106-182 · Apr 7, 2000
Civil Asset Forfeiture Reform Act of 2000
Pub. L. 106-185 · Apr 25, 2000
Bikini Resettlement and Relocation Act of 2000
Pub. L. 106-188 · Apr 28, 2000
Lamprey Wild and Scenic River Extension Act
Pub. L. 106-192 · May 2, 2000
Methane Hydrate Research and Development Act of 2000
Pub. L. 106-193 · May 2, 2000
Continued Reporting of Intercepted Wire, Oral, and Electronic Communications Act
Pub. L. 106-197 · May 2, 2000
Trade and Development Act of 2000
Pub. L. 106-200 · May 18, 2000
Worker Economic Opportunity Act
Pub. L. 106-202 · May 18, 2000
Hmong Veterans' Naturalization Act of 2000
Pub. L. 106-207 · May 26, 2000
National Historic Preservation Act Amendments of 2000
Pub. L. 106-208 · May 26, 2000
Muhammad Ali Boxing Reform Act
Pub. L. 106-210 · May 26, 2000
American Institute in Taiwan Facilities Enhancement Act
Pub. L. 106-212 · May 26, 2000
Immigration and Naturalization Service Data Management Improvement Act of 2000
Pub. L. 106-215 · Jun 15, 2000
Carlsbad Irrigation Project Acquired Land Transfer Act
Pub. L. 106-220 · Jun 21, 2000
Judicial
judicial/supreme-courtThe Supreme CourtBench by appointing party: 7 R · 2 D → 6 R · 3 D
John Paul Stevens R
appointed by Gerald Ford · 1975
Sandra Day O'Connor R
appointed by Ronald Reagan · 1981
William Hubbs Rehnquist R
appointed by Ronald Reagan · 1986
Antonin Scalia R
appointed by Ronald Reagan · 1986
Anthony McLeod Kennedy R
appointed by Ronald Reagan · 1988
David Hackett Souter R
appointed by George H.W. Bush · 1990
Ruth Bader Ginsburg D
appointed by William J. Clinton · 1993
Stephen Gerald Breyer D
appointed by William J. Clinton · 1994
John Glover Roberts, Jr. R
appointed by George W. Bush · 2005
Samuel A. Alito, Jr. R
appointed by George W. Bush · 2006
Sonia Sotomayor D
appointed by Barack Obama · 2009
Elena Kagan D
appointed by Barack Obama · 2010
Neil M. Gorsuch R
appointed by Donald J. Trump · 2017
Brett M. Kavanaugh R
appointed by Donald J. Trump · 2018
Amy Coney Barrett R
appointed by Donald J. Trump · 2020
Ketanji Brown Jackson D
appointed by Joseph R. Biden · 2022
1 justice served on both dates
Clarence Thomas R
appointed by George H.W. Bush · 1991
judicial/lower-courtsAppeals & district courtsCourts of appeals (active judges): 82 R · 70 D · 5 N( → 92 R · 87 D
District courts (active judges): 316 D · 298 R → 373 D · 279 R
William J. Clinton D appointed 40 judges
9 appeals · 31 district
George W. Bush R appointed 328 judges
2 Supreme Court · 61 appeals · 263 district · 2 other
Barack Obama D appointed 330 judges
2 Supreme Court · 55 appeals · 269 district · 4 other
Donald J. Trump R appointed 293 judges
3 Supreme Court · 64 appeals · 222 district · 4 other
Joseph R. Biden D appointed 235 judges
1 Supreme Court · 45 appeals · 187 district · 2 other
6 circuits flipped majority
First Circuit 2 D · 4 R (R majority)
First Circuit 5 D · 1 R (D majority)
Fourth Circuit 5 D · 6 R (R majority)
Fourth Circuit 9 D · 6 R (D majority)
Sixth Circuit 7 D · 6 R (D majority)
Sixth Circuit 6 D · 10 R (R majority)
Tenth Circuit 5 D · 6 R (R majority)
Tenth Circuit 7 D · 5 R (D majority)
District of Columbia Circuit 4 D · 6 R (R majority)
District of Columbia Circuit 7 D · 4 R (D majority)
Federal Circuit 3 D · 8 R (R majority)
Federal Circuit 8 D · 4 R (D majority)
D and R describe the party of the appointing president, not the judge. Active service ends when a judge takes senior status.
judicial/rulingsSupreme Court decisions+1,844Supreme Court Database ↗
1,844 argued decisions · 30 landmark
J. Daniel Kimel, Jr. v. Florida Board of Regents
528 U.S. 62 · Jan 11, 2000 · Decided 5–4 · Federalism · Affirmed · Declared federal law unconstitutional
United States v. Morrison
529 U.S. 598 · May 15, 2000 · Decided 5–4 · Federalism · Affirmed · Declared federal law unconstitutional
United States v. Playboy Entertainment Group, Inc.
529 U.S. 803 · May 22, 2000 · Decided 5–4 · First Amendment · Affirmed · Declared federal law unconstitutional
Dickerson v. United States
530 U.S. 428 · Jun 26, 2000 · Decided 7–2 · Criminal Procedure · Reversed · Declared federal law unconstitutional
Guy Mitchell v. Helms
530 U.S. 793 · Jun 28, 2000 · Decided 6–3 · First Amendment · Reversed · Overruled precedent
Bush v. Gore
531 U.S. 98 · Dec 12, 2000 · Decided 5–4 · Civil Rights · Reversed and remanded
Board of Trustees of the University of Alabama v. Garrett
531 U.S. 356 · Feb 21, 2001 · Decided 5–4 · Federalism · Reversed · Declared federal law unconstitutional
Legal Services Corporation v. Carmen Velazquez
531 U.S. 533 · Feb 28, 2001 · Decided 5–4 · First Amendment · Affirmed · Declared federal law unconstitutional
United States v. Hatter
532 U.S. 557 · May 21, 2001 · Decided 5–2 · Federal Taxation · Affirmed in part, reversed in part, remanded · Overruled precedent · Declared federal law unconstitutional
United States and Department of Agriculture v. United Foods, Inc.
533 U.S. 405 · Jun 25, 2001 · Decided 6–3 · First Amendment · Affirmed · Declared federal law unconstitutional
Show 20 more
Ashcroft v. The Free Speech Coalition
Apr 16, 2002 · Decided 6–3 · First Amendment · Affirmed · Declared federal law unconstitutional
Tommy G. Thompson v. Western States Medical Center
Apr 29, 2002 · Decided 5–4 · First Amendment · Affirmed · Declared federal law unconstitutional
Lapides v. Board of Regents of the University System of Georgia
May 13, 2002 · Decided 9–0 · Federalism · Reversed · Overruled precedent
United States v. Cotton
May 20, 2002 · Decided 9–0 · Criminal Procedure · Reversed and remanded · Overruled precedent
Daryl Renard Atkins v. Virginia
Jun 20, 2002 · Decided 6–3 · Criminal Procedure · Reversed and remanded · Overruled precedent · Struck down state law
Ring v. Arizona
Jun 24, 2002 · Decided 7–2 · Criminal Procedure · Reversed and remanded · Overruled precedent · Struck down state law
Grutter v. Lee Bollinger
Jun 23, 2003 · Decided 5–4 · Civil Rights · Affirmed
Lawrence v. Texas
Jun 26, 2003 · Decided 6–3 · Privacy · Reversed and remanded · Overruled precedent · Struck down state law
Mitch McConnell v. Federal Election Commission
Dec 10, 2003 · Decided 5–4 · First Amendment · Affirmed in part, reversed in part · Declared federal law unconstitutional
Crawford v. Washington
Mar 8, 2004 · Decided 9–0 · Criminal Procedure · Reversed and remanded · Overruled precedent
Hamdi v. Rumsfeld
Jun 28, 2004 · Decided 8–1 · Due Process · Vacated and remanded
United States v. Freddie J. Booker
Jan 12, 2005 · Decided 5–4 · Criminal Procedure · Affirmed · Declared federal law unconstitutional
Roper v. Simmons
Mar 1, 2005 · Decided 5–4 · Criminal Procedure · Affirmed · Overruled precedent · Struck down state law
Susette Kelo v. City of New London
Jun 23, 2005 · Decided 5–4 · Due Process · Affirmed
Central Virginia Community College v. Katz
Jan 23, 2006 · Decided 5–4 · Federalism · Affirmed · Overruled precedent
Illinois Tool Works Inc. v. Independent Ink, Inc.
Mar 1, 2006 · Decided 8–0 · Economic Activity · Vacated and remanded · Overruled precedent
Salim Ahmed Hamdan v. Rumsfeld
Jun 29, 2006 · Decided 5–3 · Criminal Procedure · Reversed and remanded
Massachusetts v. Environmental Protection Agency
Apr 2, 2007 · Decided 5–4 · Judicial Power · Reversed and remanded
Alberto R. Gonzales v. Leroy Carhart
Apr 18, 2007 · Decided 5–4 · Privacy · Reversed · Overruled precedent
Bell Atlantic Corporation v. Twombly
May 21, 2007 · Decided 7–2 · Economic Activity · Reversed and remanded · Overruled precedent
Landmark means the Court overruled precedent, struck down a federal law, or the case is on a curated landmark list.
Fiscal
fiscal/budgetThe federal budget+121% real spendingOMB Historical Tables ↗
Fiscal year 2000 → fiscal year 2025 · inflation-adjusted with the GDP price index
Spending $1.79T
FY2000
Spending $7.01T
FY2025 · +292% nominal · +121% after inflation
Revenue $2.03T
FY2000
Revenue $5.24T
FY2025 · +159% nominal · +46% after inflation
Surplus / deficit $236B
FY2000
Surplus / deficit −$1.77T
FY2025 · −$2.01T
Spending, % of GDP 17.7%
FY2000
Spending, % of GDP 23.1%
FY2025 · +5.4 pts
Debt held by the public, % of GDP 33.7%
FY2000
Debt held by the public, % of GDP 99.5%
FY2025 · +65.8 pts
Spending by function · real change
A fiscal year still in progress has no actual figures yet, so the latest completed year is shown.
fiscal/debtTotal public debt outstanding+$34.6TTreasury Fiscal Data ↗
$5.73T
as of Dec 30, 1999
$40.3T
as of Oct 13, 2026
Constitution & Union
constitution/amendmentsAmendments & statehood27 → 27 amendments in force · 50 → 50 states
No amendments ratified and no states admitted. The last amendment was the 27th, in 1992.
Log
logEverything in between2,212 events · first 600 shown
- agency+Delta Regional Authority
- rulingJ. Daniel Kimel, Jr. v. Florida Board of Regents
- lawElectronic Benefit Transfer Interoperability and Portability Act of 2000
- lawHillory J. Farias and Samantha Reid Date-Rape Drug Prohibition Act of 2000
- lawAbraham Lincoln Bicentennial Commission Act
- lawPoison Control Center Enhancement and Awareness Act
- lawOmnibus Parks Technical Corrections Act of 2000
- lawChild Abuse Prevention and Enforcement Act
- lawIran Nonproliferation Act of 2000
- lawIndian Tribal Economic Development and Contract Encouragement Act of 2000
- lawOpen-market Reorganization for the Betterment of International Telecommunications Act
- lawWendell H. Ford Aviation Investment and Reform Act for the 21st Century
- lawSenior Citizens' Freedom to Work Act of 2000
- orderGreening the Government Through Leadership in Environmental Management
- lawCivil Asset Forfeiture Reform Act of 2000
- lawBikini Resettlement and Relocation Act of 2000
- lawLamprey Wild and Scenic River Extension Act
- lawMethane Hydrate Research and Development Act of 2000
- lawContinued Reporting of Intercepted Wire, Oral, and Electronic Communications Act
- rulingUnited States v. Morrison
- lawTrade and Development Act of 2000
- lawWorker Economic Opportunity Act
- rulingUnited States v. Playboy Entertainment Group, Inc.
- lawHmong Veterans' Naturalization Act of 2000
- lawNational Historic Preservation Act Amendments of 2000
- lawMuhammad Ali Boxing Reform Act
- lawAmerican Institute in Taiwan Facilities Enhancement Act
- lawImmigration and Naturalization Service Data Management Improvement Act of 2000
- lawCarlsbad Irrigation Project Acquired Land Transfer Act
- lawWellton-Mohawk Transfer Act
- lawFreedom to E-File Act
- lawAgricultural Risk Protection Act of 2000
- rulingDickerson v. United States
- rulingGuy Mitchell v. Helms
- lawElectronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce Act
- lawThird Millennium Digital Commerce Act
- lawChurch Plan Parity and Entanglement Prevention Act of 1999
- lawRadiation Exposure Compensation Act Amendments of 2000
- lawMilitary Construction Appropriations Act, 2001
- lawNeotropical Migratory Bird Conservation Act
- lawValles Caldera Preservation Act
- lawGriffith Project Prepayment and Conveyance Act
- lawMobile Telecommunications Sourcing Act
- lawSemipostal Authorization Act
- lawFederal Law Enforcement Animal Protection Act of 2000
- lawCross-Border Cooperation and Environmental Safety in Northern Europe Act of 2000
- lawOceans Act of 2000
- lawOregon Land Exchange Act of 2000
- lawTriangle Land Exchange Act of 1999
- lawDepartment of Defense Appropriations Act, 2001
- lawTribal Self-Governance Amendments of 2000
- lawShivwits Band of the Paiute Indian Tribe of Utah Water Rights Settlement Act
- lawGlobal AIDS and Tuberculosis Relief Act of 2000
- lawLong-Term Care Security Act
- lawDeschutes Resources Conservancy Reauthorization Act of 2000
- lawCorinth Battlefield Preservation Act of 2000
- lawJackson Multi-Agency Campus Act of 1999
- lawReligious Land Use and Institutionalized Persons Act of 2000
- lawMaking continuing appropriations for the fiscal year 2001, and for other purposes
- agency+United States–China Economic and Security Review Commission
- lawLackawanna Valley National Heritage Area Act of 1999
- lawIntercountry Adoption Act of 2000
- lawSecurity Assistance Act of 2000
- lawFHA Downpayment Simplification Extension Act of 2000
- lawMaking further continuing appropriations for the fiscal year 2001, and for other purposes
- lawKake Tribal Corporation Land Transfer Act
- lawBeaches Environmental Assessment and Coastal Health Act of 2000
- lawAk-Chin Water Use Amendments Act of 1999
- lawU.S.-China Relations Act of 2000
- lawDepartment of the Interior and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2001
- lawPresidential Transition Act of 2000
- lawFederal Prisoner Health Care Copayment Act of 2000
- lawFederal Prisoner Health Care Copayment Act of 1999
- lawDeath in Custody Reporting Act of 2000
- lawLincoln County Land Act of 2000
- lawWekiva Wild and Scenic River Act of 2000
- lawRed River National Wildlife Refuge Act
- lawUtah West Desert Land Exchange Act of 2000
- lawMaking further continuing appropriations for the fiscal year 2001, and for other purposes
- lawEl Camino Real de Tierra Adentro National Historic Trail Act
- lawMicroenterprise for Self-Reliance and International Anti-Corruption Act of 2000
- lawChildren's Health Act of 2000
- lawYouth Drug and Mental Health Services Act
- lawTruth in Regulating Act of 2000
- lawKids 2000 Act
- lawStrengthening Abuse and Neglect Courts Act of 2000
- lawTaunton River Wild and Scenic River Study Act of 2000
- lawYuma Crossing National Heritage Area Act of 2000
- lawEffigy Mounds National Monument Additions Act
- lawBlack Hills National Forest and Rocky Mountain Research Station Improvement Act
- lawTexas National Forests Improvement Act of 2000
- lawCahaba River National Wildlife Refuge Establishment Act
- lawMaking further continuing appropriations for the fiscal year 2001, and for other purposes
- lawRyan White CARE Act Amendments of 2000
- lawDepartment of Transportation and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2001
- lawCarter G. Woodson Home National Historic Site Study Act of 2000
- lawGolden Gate National Recreation Area Boundary Adjustment Act of 2000
- lawSanta Rosa and San Jacinto Mountains National Monument Act of 2000
- lawRosie the Riveter-World War II Home Front National Historical Park Establishment Act of 2000
- lawColorado Canyons National Conservation Area and Black Ridge Canyons Wilderness Act of 2000
- lawBreast and Cervical Cancer Prevention and Treatment Act of 2000
- lawNational Historic Lighthouse Preservation Act of 2000
- lawDayton Aviation Heritage Preservation Amendments Act of 2000
- lawWhite Clay Creek Wild and Scenic Rivers System Act
- lawMaking further continuing appropriations for the fiscal year 2001, and for other purposes
- lawMaking further continuing appropriations for the fiscal year 2001, and for other purposes
- lawIvanpah Valley Airport Public Lands Transfer Act
- lawDefense Production Act Amendments of 1999
- lawNational Police Athletic League Youth Enrichment Act of 2000
- lawNational Police Athletic League Youth Enrichment Act of 1999
- lawCat Island National Wildlife Refuge Establishment Act
- lawDuchesne City Water Rights Conveyance Act
- lawFamine Prevention and Freedom From Hunger Improvement Act of 2000
- lawDepartment of Veterans Affairs and Housing and Urban Development, and Independent Agencies Appropriations Act, 2001
- lawDepartments of Veterans Affairs and Housing and Urban Development, and Independent Agencies Appropriations Act, 2001
- lawWork Made for Hire and Copyright Corrections Act of 2000
- lawVeterans' Oral History Project Act
- lawMaking further continuing appropriations for the fiscal year 2001, and for other purposes
- lawFort Peck Reservation Rural Water System Act of 2000
- lawFort Peck Reservation Rural Water System Act of 1999
- lawVictims of Trafficking and Violence Protection Act of 2000
- lawAgriculture, Rural Development, Food and Drug Administration, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2001
- lawMaking further continuing appropriations for the fiscal year 2001, and for other purposes
- lawMaking further continuing appropriations for the fiscal year 2001, and for other purposes
- lawDisaster Mitigation Act of 2000
- lawNational Aeronautics and Space Administration Authorization Act of 2000
- lawNational Aeronautics and Space Administration Authorization Act of 1999
- lawSecure Rural Schools and Community Self-Determination Act of 2000
- lawFederal Employees Health Benefits Children's Equity Act of 2000
- lawChild Citizenship Act of 2000
- lawVisa Waiver Permanent Program Act
- lawDistrict of Columbia Receivership Accountability Act of 2000
- lawFloyd D. Spence National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2001
- lawSteens Mountain Cooperative Management and Protection Act of 2000
- lawMcKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act
- lawMaking further continuing appropriations for the fiscal year 2001, and for other purposes
- lawDevelopmental Disabilities Assistance and Bill of Rights Act of 2000
- lawMaking further continuing appropriations for the fiscal year 2001, and for other purposes
- lawTechnology Transfer Commercialization Act of 2000
- lawCommercial Space Transportation Competitiveness Act of 2000
- lawInternational Patient Act of 2000
- lawSoutheast Federal Center Public-Private Development Act of 2000
- lawFish and Wildlife Programs Improvement and National Wildlife Refuge System Centennial Act of 2000
- lawReligious Workers Act of 2000
- lawWildlife and Sport Fish Restoration Programs Improvement Act of 2000
- lawGreat Ape Conservation Act of 2000
- lawVeterans' Compensation Cost-of-Living Adjustment Act of 2000
- lawTransportation Recall Enhancement, Accountability, and Documentation (TREAD) Act
- lawMaking further continuing appropriations for the fiscal year 2001, and for other purposes
- lawAlaska Native and American Indian Direct Reimbursement Act of 2000
- lawLower Delaware Wild and Scenic Rivers Act
- lawVeterans Benefits and Health Care Improvement Act of 2000
- lawCollege Scholarship Fraud Prevention Act of 2000
- lawCastle Rock Ranch Acquisition Act of 2000
- lawCastle Rock Ranch Acquisition Act of 1999
- lawTimbisha Shoshone Homeland Act
- lawNational Transportation Safety Board Amendments Act of 2000
- lawSanto Domingo Pueblo Claims Settlement Act of 2000
- lawMaking further continuing appropriations for the fiscal year 2001, and for other purposes
- lawMaking further continuing appropriations for the fiscal year 2001, and for other purposes
- lawMaking further continuing appropriations for the fiscal year 2001, and for other purposes
- lawForeign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 2001
- lawNeedlestick Safety and Prevention Act
- lawSaint Helena Island National Scenic Area Act
- lawMiwaleta Park Expansion Act
- lawSocial Security Number Confidentiality Act of 2000
- lawSocial Security Number Confidentiality Act of 1999
- lawFreedmen's Bureau Records Preservation Act of 2000
- lawUnited States Mint Numismatic Coin Clarification Act of 2000
- lawIndian Tribal Regulatory Reform and Business Development Act of 2000
- lawIndian Tribal Regulatory Reform and Business Development Act of 1999
- lawFishermen's Protective Act Amendments of 2000
- lawWartime Violation of Italian American Civil Liberties Act
- lawYukon River Salmon Act of 2000
- lawGlacier Bay National Park Resource Management Act of 2000
- lawSpanish Peaks Wilderness Act of 2000
- lawEstuaries and Clean Waters Act of 2000
- lawArizona National Forest Improvement Act of 2000
- lawArizona National Forest Improvement Act of 1999
- lawHoover Dam Miscellaneous Sales Act
- lawIndian Land Consolidation Act Amendments of 2000
- lawCoal Market Competition Act of 2000
- lawNative American Business Development, Trade Promotion, and Tourism Act of 2000
- lawSand Creek Massacre National Historic Site Establishment Act of 2000
- lawNampa and Meridian Conveyance Act
- lawIndian Land Consolidation Act Amendments of 1999
- lawKristen's Act
- lawEnergy Act of 2000
- lawUpper Housatonic National Heritage Area Study Act of 2000
- lawNational Oilheat Research Alliance Act of 2000
- lawGrain Standards and Warehouse Improvement Act of 2000
- lawWashington-Rochambeau Revolutionary Route National Heritage Act of 2000
- lawNational Recording Preservation Act of 2000
- lawVeterans Claims Assistance Act of 2000
- lawTariff Suspension and Trade Act of 2000
- lawProduct Development and Testing Act of 2000
- lawLibrary of Congress Fiscal Operations Improvement Act of 2000
- lawBring Them Home Alive Act of 2000
- lawVicksburg Campaign Trail Battlefields Preservation Act of 2000
- lawNational Law Enforcement Museum Act
- lawBend Feed Canal Pipeline Project Act of 2000
- lawIndian Arts and Crafts Enforcement Act of 2000
- lawKlamath Basin Water Supply Enhancement Act of 2000
- lawOlder Americans Act Amendments of 2000
- lawFisheries Restoration and Irrigation Mitigation Act of 2000
- lawFire Administration Authorization Act of 2000
- lawGuam Omnibus Opportunities Act
- lawPublic Health Improvement Act
- lawLake Tahoe Restoration Act
- lawTwenty-First Century Research Laboratories Act
- lawExport Administration Modification and Clarification Act of 2000
- lawAla Kahakai National Historic Trail Act
- lawHawaii Volcanoes National Park Adjustment Act of 2000
- lawCheyenne River Sioux Tribe Equitable Compensation Act
- lawPalmetto Bend Conveyance Act
- lawNational Marine Sanctuaries Amendments Act of 2000
- lawCoastal Barrier Resources Reauthorization Act of 2000
- lawAmerica's Law Enforcement and Mental Health Project
- lawHarriet Tubman Special Resource Study Act
- lawBulletproof Vest Partnership Grant Act of 2000
- lawFederal Courts Improvement Act of 2000
- lawFSC Repeal and Extraterritorial Income Exclusion Act of 2000
- lawMaking further continuing appropriations for the fiscal year 2001, and for other purposes
- lawCoastal Barrier Resources Reauthorization Act of 1999
- lawDistrict of Columbia Appropriations Act, 2001
- lawMilitary Extraterritorial Jurisdiction Act of 2000
- lawMilitary and Extraterritorial Jurisdiction Act of 1999
- lawMinority Health and Health Disparities Research and Education Act of 2000
- lawBend Pine Nursery Land Conveyance Act
- lawHealth Care Fairness Act of 1999
- lawAirport Security Improvement Act of 2000
- lawSaint Croix Island Heritage Act
- lawGreat Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve Act of 2000
- lawReports Consolidation Act of 2000
- lawDairy Market Enhancement Act of 2000
- lawCongressional Recognition for Excellence in Arts Education Act
- lawProtecting Seniors From Fraud Act
- orderNorthwestern Hawaiian Islands Coral Reef Ecosystem Reserve
- lawMaking further continuing appropriations for the fiscal year 2001, and for other purposes
- lawLas Cienegas National Conservation Area Establishment Act of 1999
- lawMaking further continuing appropriations for the fiscal year 2001, and for other purposes
- lawMaking further continuing appropriations for the fiscal year 2001, and for other purposes
- lawWater Resources Development Act of 2000
- lawMaking further continuing appropriations for the fiscal year 2001, and for other purposes
- rulingBush v. Gore
- lawMaking further continuing appropriations for the fiscal year 2001, and for other purposes
- lawPresidential Threat Protection Act of 2000
- lawICCVAM Authorization Act of 2000
- lawDNA Analysis Backlog Elimination Act of 2000
- lawEnhanced Federal Security Act of 2000
- lawPresidential Threat Protection Act of 1999
- lawJames Madison Commemoration Commission Act
- lawChimpanzee Health Improvement, Maintenance, and Protection Act
- lawDistrict of Columbia Appropriations Act, 2001
- lawConsolidated Appropriations Act, 2001
- lawStriped Bass Conservation, Atlantic Coastal Fisheries Management, and Marine Mammal Rescue Assistance Act of 2000
- lawMarine Mammal Rescue Assistance Act of 2000
- lawShark Finning Prohibition Act
- lawIndian Tribal Justice Technical and Legal Assistance Act of 2000
- lawInterstate Transportation of Dangerous Criminals Act of 2000
- lawPaul Coverdell National Forensic Sciences Improvement Act of 2000
- orderAdjustments of Certain Rates of Pay
- lawPribilof Islands Transition Act
- lawLincoln Highway Study Act of 2000
- lawLincoln Highway Study Act of 1999
- lawJamestown 400th Commemoration Commission Act of 2000
- lawHawaii Water Resources Act of 2000
- lawIntelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2001
- lawOmnibus Indian Advancement Act
- lawAmerican Homeownership and Economic Opportunity Act of 2000
- lawAssistance for International Malaria Control Act
- lawFederal Physicians Comparability Allowance Amendments of 2000
- lawComputer Crime Enforcement Act
- lawInstallment Tax Correction Act of 2000
- lawDillonwood Giant Sequoia Grove Park Expansion Act
- lawAnti-Retroactive Taxation Act
- lawLower Rio Grande Valley Water Resources Conservation and Improvement Act of 2000
- lawCalifornia Trail Interpretive Act
- lawInternet False Identification Prevention Act of 2000
- lawNational Moment of Remembrance Act
- lawNational Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering Establishment Act
- agency+United States Homeland Security Council
- presidentGeorge Walker Bush takes office
- rulingBoard of Trustees of the University of Alabama v. Garrett
- rulingLegal Services Corporation v. Carmen Velazquez
- rulingUnited States v. Hatter
- lawAnimal Disease Risk Assessment, Prevention, and Control Act of 2001
- lawPublic Safety Officer Medal of Valor Act of 2001
- lawVeterans' Survivor Benefits Improvements Act of 2001
- lawFallen Hero Survivor Benefit Fairness Act of 2001
- lawEconomic Growth and Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2001
- rulingUnited States and Department of Agriculture v. United Foods, Inc.
- lawVeterans' Opportunities Act of 2001
- lawSupplemental Appropriations Act, 2001
- lawILSA Extension Act of 2001
- lawCrop Year 2001 Agricultural Economic Assistance Act
- lawFederal Firefighters Retirement Age Fairness Act
- war+War against al-Qaida
- lawAuthorization for Use of Military Force
- lawAir Transportation Safety and System Stabilization Act
- lawUnited States-Jordan Free Trade Area Implementation Act
- lawMaking continuing appropriations for the fiscal year 2002, and for other purposes
- lawSeptember 11th Victim Compensation Fund of 2001
- lawDefense Production Act Amendments of 2001
- war+Invasion of Afghanistan
- lawMaking further continuing appropriations for the fiscal year 2002, and for other purposes
- lawSmall Business Technology Transfer Program Reauthorization Act of 2001
- orderCritical Infrastructure Protection in the Information Age
- lawMaking further continuing appropriations for the fiscal year 2002, and for other purposes
- lawUniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism (USA PATRIOT ACT) Act of 2001
- lawInternational Money Laundering Abatement and Financial Anti-Terrorism Act of 2001
- lawGreat Falls Historic District Study Act of 2001
- lawWilliam Howard Taft National Historic Site Boundary Adjustment Act of 2001
- lawDepartment of the Interior and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2002
- lawMilitary Construction Appropriations Act, 2002
- lawEight Mile River Wild and Scenic River Study Act of 2001
- lawEnergy and Water Development Appropriations Act, 2002
- lawTreasury and General Government Appropriations Act, 2002
- lawLegislative Branch Appropriations Act, 2002
- lawCongressional Operations Appropriations Act, 2002
- war−Invasion of Afghanistan
- lawMaking further continuing appropriations for the fiscal year 2002, and for other purposes
- lawAviation and Transportation Security Act
- lawNeed-Based Educational Aid Act of 2001
- lawDepartments of Veterans Affairs and Housing and Urban Development, and Independent Agencies Appropriations Act, 2002
- lawFlight Deck Security Act of 2001
- lawInternet Tax Nondiscrimination Act
- lawAgriculture, Rural Development, Food and Drug Administration, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2002
- lawDepartments of Commerce, Justice, and State, the Judiciary, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2002
- lawJudiciary Appropriations Act, 2002
- lawMaking further continuing appropriations for the fiscal year 2002, and for other purposes
- lawAfghan Women and Children Relief Act of 2001
- lawMaking further continuing appropriations for the fiscal year 2002, and for other purposes
- lawMD-CARE Act
- lawMuscular Dystrophy Community Assistance Research and Education Amendments of 2001
- lawDepartment of Transportation and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2002
- lawRailroad Retirement and Survivors' Improvement Act of 2001
- lawDetroit River International Wildlife Refuge Establishment Act
- lawVeterans' Compensation Rate Amendments of 2001
- lawHomeless Veterans Comprehensive Assistance Act of 2001
- lawDistrict of Columbia Appropriations Act, 2002
- lawMaking further continuing appropriations for the fiscal year 2002, and for other purposes
- lawZimbabwe Democracy and Economic Recovery Act of 2001
- lawSmall Business Investment Company Amendments Act of 2001
- lawVeterans Education and Benefits Expansion Act of 2001
- lawVeterans' Benefits Improvement Act of 2001
- lawAdministrative Simplification Compliance Act
- orderAdjustments of Certain Rates of Pay
- lawNational Museum of African American History and Culture Plan for Action Presidential Commission Act of 2001
- lawNational Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2002
- lawIntelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2002
- agency+Election Assistance Commission
- lawBest Pharmaceuticals for Children Act
- lawNo Child Left Behind Act of 2001
- lawAfrican Elephant Conservation Reauthorization Act of 2001
- lawRhinoceros and Tiger Conservation Reauthorization Act of 2001
- lawDistrict of Columbia Police Coordination Amendment Act of 2001
- lawDistrict of Columbia Family Court Act of 2001
- lawForeign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 2002
- lawDepartments of Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2002
- lawDepartment of Defense and Emergency Supplemental Appropriations for Recovery from and Response to Terrorist Attacks on the United States Act, 2002
- lawSmall Business Liability Relief and Brownfields Revitalization Act
- lawOffice of Government Ethics Authorization Act of 2001
- lawSmall Business Liability Protection Act
- lawNative American Breast and Cervical Cancer Treatment Technical Amendment Act of 2001
- lawHigher Education Relief Opportunities for Students Act of 2001
- lawInvestor and Capital Markets Fee Relief Act
- lawBasic Pilot Extension Act of 2001
- lawPromoting Safe and Stable Families Amendments of 2001
- lawVictims of Terrorism Tax Relief Act of 2001
- lawDepartment of Veterans Affairs Health Care Programs Enhancement Act of 2001
- lawVictims of Terrorism Relief Act of 2001
- lawAsian Elephant Conservation Reauthorization Act of 2001
- lawPacific Northwest Feasibility Studies Act of 2002
- lawPacific Northwest Feasibility Studies Act of 2001
- lawJob Creation and Worker Assistance Act of 2002
- lawRadio Free Afghanistan Act
- lawAppalachian Regional Development Act Amendments of 2002
- lawFamily Sponsor Immigration Act of 2002
- lawFamily Sponsor Immigration Act of 2001
- agency+Homeland Security Advisory Council
- lawBipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002
- lawBipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2001
- lawDistrict of Columbia College Access Improvement Act of 2002
- lawDistrict of Columbia College Access Improvement Act of 2001
- order2002 Amendments to the Manual for Courts-Martial, United States
- rulingAshcroft v. The Free Speech Coalition
- rulingTommy G. Thompson v. Western States Medical Center
- lawFarm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002
- rulingLapides v. Board of Regents of the University System of Georgia
- lawHematological Cancer Research Investment and Education Act of 2002
- lawEnhanced Border Security and Visa Entry Reform Act of 2002
- lawNotification and Federal Employee Antidiscrimination and Retaliation Act of 2002
- lawCriminal Justice Coordinating Council Restructuring Act of 2002
- lawClergy Housing Allowance Clarification Act of 2002
- rulingUnited States v. Cotton
- lawCriminal Justice Coordinating Council Restructuring Act of 2001
- lawGerald B. H. Solomon Freedom Consolidation Act of 2001
- lawPublic Health Security and Bioterrorism Preparedness and Response Act of 2002
- lawExport-Import Bank Reauthorization Act of 2002
- lawExport-Import Bank Reauthorization Act of 2001
- lawAuction Reform Act of 2002
- rulingDaryl Renard Atkins v. Virginia
- lawMychal Judge Police and Fire Chaplains Public Safety Officers' Benefit Act of 2002
- rulingRing v. Arizona
- lawTerrorist Bombings Convention Implementation Act of 2002
- lawSmall Business Paperwork Relief Act of 2002
- lawYucca Mountain Development resolution
- lawSupport of American Eagle Silver Bullion Program Act
- lawBenjamin Franklin Tercentenary Commission Act
- lawSarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
- lawNurse Reinvestment Act
- lawAmerican Service-Members' Protection Act
- lawBorn-Alive Infants Protection Act of 2002
- lawChild Status Protection Act
- lawChild Status Protection Act of 2001
- lawTrade Act of 2002
- lawWool Manufacturer Payment Clarification and Technical Corrections Act
- lawGuam Foreign Investment Equity Act
- lawLong Walk National Historic Trail Study Act
- lawBooker T. Washington National Monument Boundary Adjustment Act of 2002
- lawJames Peak Wilderness and Protection Area Act
- lawJames Peak Wilderness, Wilderness Study, and Protection Area Act
- lawTumacacori National Historical Park Boundary Revision Act of 2002
- lawTumacacori National Historical Park Boundary Revision Act of 2001
- lawFort Clatsop National Memorial Expansion Act of 2002
- lawFort Clatsop National Memorial Expansion Act of 2001
- lawJohn F. Kennedy Center Plaza Authorization Act of 2002
- lawFlight 93 National Memorial Act
- lawForeign Relations Authorization Act, Fiscal Year 2003
- lawNational Construction Safety Team Act
- lawSanta Monica Mountains National Recreation Area Boundary Adjustment Act
- lawBurnt, Malheur, Owyhee, and Powder River Basin Water Optimization Feasibility Study Act of 2001
- lawVicksburg National Military Park Boundary Modification Act of 2002
- lawAuthorization for Use of Military Force Against Iraq Resolution of 2002
- lawSudan Peace Act
- lawRussian Democracy Act of 2002
- lawVeterans' Compensation Cost-of-Living Adjustment Act of 2002
- lawDepartment of Defense Appropriations Act, 2003
- lawMilitary Construction Appropriations Act, 2003
- lawMedical Device User Fee and Modernization Act of 2002
- lawHealth Care Safety Net Amendments of 2002
- lawHelp America Vote Act of 2002
- lawInland Flood Forecasting and Warning System Act of 2002
- lawTropical Cyclone Inland Forecasting Improvement and Warning System Development Act of 2001
- lawNiagara Falls National Heritage Area Study Act
- lawPersian Gulf War POW/MIA Accountability Act of 2002
- lawBenign Brain Tumor Cancer Registries Amendment Act
- lawBorder Commuter Student Act of 2002
- lawBlack Lung Consolidation of Administrative Responsibility Act
- lawViolence Against Women Office Act
- lawEnterprise Integration Act of 2002
- lawEnterprise Integration Act of 2001
- lawRegional Educational Technical Assistance Act
- lawRare Diseases Act of 2002
- lawRare Diseases Orphan Product Development Act of 2002
- lawClark County Conservation of Public Land and Natural Resources Act of 2002
- lawSloan Canyon National Conservation Area Act
- lawDepartment of Veterans Affairs Emergency Preparedness Act of 2002
- lawJobs for Veterans Act
- lawAccountability of Tax Dollars Act of 2002
- lawNational Medical Emergency Preparedness Act of 2001
- lawNative American Housing Assistance and Self-Determination Reauthorization Act of 2002
- lawNative American Housing Assistance and Self-Determination Reauthorization Act of 2001
- agency+United States Department of Homeland Security
- lawMaritime Transportation Security Act of 2002
- lawHomeland Security Act of 2002
- lawTerrorism Risk Insurance Act of 2002
- lawReal Interstate Driver Equity Act of 2002
- lawNational Sea Grant College Program Act Amendments of 2002
- lawImproper Payments Information Act of 2002
- lawImproper Payments Reduction Act of 2002
- lawCourt Services and Offender Supervision Agency Interstate Supervision Act of 2002
- lawGreat Lakes and Lake Champlain Act of 2002
- lawGreat Lakes and Lake Champlain Program Act of 2002
- lawCyber Security Research and Development Act
- lawIntelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2003
- lawProduct Packaging Protection Act of 2002
- lawNorth American Wetlands Conservation Reauthorization Act
- lawConsumer Product Protection Act of 2002
- lawDam Safety and Security Act of 2003
- lawArmed Forces Domestic Security Act
- lawDam Safety and Security Act of 2002
- lawMental Health Parity Reauthorization Act of 2002
- lawBob Stump National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2003
- lawNational Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2003
- lawPaul and Sheila Wellstone Center for Community Building Act
- lawDot Kids Implementation and Efficiency Act of 2002
- lawAnton's Law
- lawChild Safety Enhancement Act of 2002
- lawSmall Webcaster Settlement Act of 2002
- lawPOW/MIA Memorial Flag Act of 2002
- lawPOW/MIA Memorial Flag Act of 2001
- lawOld Spanish Trail Recognition Act of 2002
- lawFHA Downpayment Simplification Act of 2002
- lawAfghanistan Freedom Support Act of 2002
- lawTimpanogos Interagency Land Exchange Act
- lawVeterans Benefits Improvement Act of 2002
- lawIndian Financing Amendments Act of 2002
- lawHomestead National Monument of America Additions Act
- lawGuam War Claims Review Commission Act
- lawMount Nebo Wilderness Boundary Adjustment Act
- lawLease Lot Conveyance Act of 2002
- lawBuffalo Bayou National Heritage Area Study Act
- lawMetacomet-Monadnock-Mattabesett Trail Study Act of 2002
- lawFallon Rail Freight Loading Facility Transfer Act
- lawPu'uhonua O Honaunau National Historical Park Addition Act of 2002
- lawMetacomet-Monadnock-Sunapee-Mattabesett Trail Study Act of 2001
- lawVirgin River Dinosaur Footprint Preserve Act
- lawE-Government Act of 2002
- lawMuscle Shoals National Heritage Area Study Act of 2002
- lawKlamath Basin Emergency Operation and Maintenance Refund Act of 2001
- lawLower Rio Grande Valley Water Resources Conservation and Improvement Act of 2002
- lawCalifornia Five Mile Regional Learning Center Transfer Act
- lawPipeline Safety Improvement Act of 2002
- lawNew River Gorge Boundary Act of 2002
- lawHolocaust Restitution Tax Fairness Act of 2002
- lawCivil War Battlefield Preservation Act of 2002
- lawRussian River Land Act
- lawBainbridge Island Japanese-American Memorial Study Act of 2002
- lawGunn McKay Nature Preserve Act
- lawCaribbean National Forest Wild and Scenic Rivers Act of 2002
- lawNational Science Foundation Authorization Act of 2002
- lawAllegheny Portage Railroad National Historic Site Boundary Revision Act
- lawBig Sur Wilderness and Conservation Act of 2002
- lawHydrographic Services Improvement Act Amendments of 2002
- lawCedar Creek and Belle Grove National Historical Park Act
- lawProtection of Family Farmers Act of 2002
- orderAdjustments of Certain Rates of Pay
- war+War in Afghanistan (Taliban insurgency)
- lawNational Flood Insurance Program Reauthorization Act of 2003
- lawConsolidated Appropriations Resolution, 2003
- orderAmendment of Executive Orders, and Other Actions, in Connection With the Transfer of Certain Functions to the Secretary of Homeland Security
- lawDo-Not-Call Implementation Act
- war+Invasion of Iraq
- orderFurther Amendment to Executive Order 12958, as Amended, Classified National Security Information
- lawEmergency Wartime Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2003
- lawAmerican 5-Cent Coin Design Continuity Act of 2003
- lawNutria Eradication and Control Act of 2003
- lawPostal Civil Service Retirement System Funding Reform Act of 2003
- lawClean Diamond Trade Act
- war−Invasion of Iraq
- lawSmallpox Emergency Personnel Protection Act of 2003
- lawProsecutorial Remedies and Other Tools to end the Exploitation of Children Today Act of 2003
- lawGila River Indian Community Judgment Fund Distribution Act of 2003
- lawOttawa National Wildlife Refuge Complex Expansion and Detroit River International Wildlife Refuge Expansion Act
- lawUnited States Leadership Against HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria Act of 2003
- orderTermination of Emergencies With Respect to Yugoslavia and Modification of Executive Order 13219 of June 26, 2001
- lawUnemployment Compensation Amendments of 2003
- lawJobs and Growth Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2003
- lawVeterans' Memorial Preservation and Recognition Act of 2003
- lawGrand Teton National Park Land Exchange Act
- lawZuni Indian Tribe Water Rights Settlement Act of 2003
- rulingGrutter v. Lee Bollinger
- lawKeeping Children and Families Safe Act of 2003
- rulingLawrence v. Texas
- lawORBIT Technical Corrections Act of 2003
- lawWelfare Reform Extension Act of 2003
- lawAutomatic Defibrillation in Adam's Memory Act
- lawSan Gabriel River Watershed Study Act
- lawGlen Canyon National Recreation Area Boundary Revision Act
- lawAccountant, Compliance, and Enforcement Staffing Act of 2003
- lawStrengthen AmeriCorps Program Act
- lawBurmese Freedom and Democracy Act of 2003
- lawMcLoughlin House Addition to Fort Vancouver National Historic Site Act
- lawEmergency Supplemental Appropriations for Disaster Relief Act, 2003
- lawSmithsonian Facilities Authorization Act
- lawFamily Farmer Bankruptcy Relief Act of 2003
- lawMosquito Abatement for Safety and Health Act
- lawHigher Education Relief Opportunities for Students Act of 2003
- orderBlocking Property of the Former Iraqi Regime, Its Senior Officials and Their Family Members, and Taking Certain Other Actions
- lawUnited States-Chile Free Trade Agreement Implementation Act
- lawUnited States- Singapore Free Trade Agreement Implementation Act
- lawPrison Rape Elimination Act of 2003
- lawMuseum and Library Services Act of 2003
- lawLegislative Branch Appropriations Act, 2004
- lawFremont-Madison Conveyance Act
- lawPostmasters Equity Act of 2003
- lawDepartment of Defense Appropriations Act, 2004
- lawSurface Transportation Extension Act of 2003
- lawDepartment of Homeland Security Appropriations Act, 2004
- lawHospital Mortgage Insurance Act of 2003
- lawColtsville Study Act of 2003
- lawMount Naomi Wilderness Boundary Adjustment Act
- lawRunaway, Homeless, and Missing Children Protection Act
- lawCheck Clearing for the 21st Century Act
- lawPartial-Birth Abortion Ban Act of 2003
- lawEmergency Supplemental Appropriations Act for Defense and for the Reconstruction of Iraq and Afghanistan, 2004
- lawDepartment of the Interior and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2004
- lawNational Cemetery Expansion Act of 2003
- lawMilitary Family Tax Relief Act of 2003
- lawFederal Employee Student Loan Assistance Act
- lawBlack Canyon of the Gunnison Boundary Revision Act of 2003
- lawAnimal Drug User Fee Act of 2003
- lawBlackwater National Wildlife Refuge Expansion Act
- lawMilitary Construction Appropriations Act, 2004
- lawDistrict of Columbia Military Retirement Equity Act of 2003
- lawNational Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2004