How did the United States change between and ?

Pick two dates. See the laws, the executive orders, the courts, Congress, federal agencies, the Constitution and the budget, as a diff.

Trump II so farBiden termTrump I termObama termSince 9/11Since ReaganPostwar → now
civicdiff.com/1993-01-03...1995-01-02 · 2 years json
21 files changed, 2,291 insertions(+), 170 deletions(−)
Laws enacted
+465
26 notable
Executive orders
+55
signed · since 1994 only
Final rules
+128
0 significant
Supreme Court
2 of 9
seats changed hands
Agencies
+11 −6
departments & tracked agencies
Public debt
+$736B
$4.06T → $4.80T

The presidency passed from George Herbert Walker Bush to William Jefferson Clinton. Congress enacted 465 public laws. 13 senators and 116 representatives took seats that they did not hold before. 2 new justices joined the Supreme Court. Inflation-adjusted federal spending changed +3.1% (FY1993 → FY1995).

Executive7 files+1,365−31

executive/presidentThe presidency
+1−1National Archives ↗
George Herbert Walker Bush R
41st president
William Jefferson Clinton D
42nd president · took office Jan 20, 1993
executive/vice-presidentThe vice presidency
+1−1Senate Historical Office ↗
James Danforth Quayle R
Albert Arnold Gore Jr. D
took office Jan 20, 1993
executive/cabinetCabinet & senior officials
+22−23Wikidata ↗
Secretary of State
Lawrence Eagleburger R
Warren Christopher D
Secretary of the Treasury
Nicholas F. Brady R
vacant on Jan 2, 1995
next: Robert Rubin D · Jan 10, 1995
Secretary of Defense · 2 people took this office in between
Dick Cheney R
William Perry D
Attorney General
William Barr R
Janet Reno D
Secretary of the Navy · 2 people took this office in between
Sean O'Keefe R
John Howard Dalton
Secretary of the Interior
Manuel Lujan R
Bruce Babbitt D
Show 14 more cabinet offices
Secretary of Commerce
Ron Brown D
Secretary of Labor
Robert Reich D
Secretary of Health and Human Services
Louis Wade Sullivan R
Donna Shalala D
Secretary of Housing and Urban Development
Jack Kemp R
Henry Cisneros D
Secretary of Transportation
Andrew Card R
Federico Peña D
Secretary of Energy
James D. Watkins R
Hazel R. O'Leary D
Secretary of Education
Lamar Alexander R
Richard Riley D
Secretary of Veterans Affairs
Anthony Principi R (acting)
Jesse Brown D
White House Chief of Staff · 2 people took this office in between
James Baker R
Leon Panetta D
Director of the Office of Management and Budget · 2 people took this office in between
Richard Darman R
Alice Rivlin D
Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency
William K. Reilly R
Carol Browner D
Ambassador to the United Nations
Edward J. Perkins R
Madeleine Albright D
Administrator of the Small Business Administration
Pat Saiki R
vacant on Jan 2, 1995
next: Hector Barreto R · Jul 25, 2001
Director of Central Intelligence
Robert Gates R
R. James Woolsey, Jr. D
Other senior officials (5 changed)
Secretary of the Navy · 2 people took this office in between
Sean O'Keefe R
John Howard Dalton
Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff
Colin Powell R
John Shalikashvili
Director of the FBI
William S. Sessions R
Louis Joseph Freeh R
National Security Advisor
Brent Scowcroft R
Anthony Lake D
Solicitor General
Ken Starr R
vacant on Jan 2, 1995
next: Barbara D. Underwood D (acting) · Jan 20, 2001
1 offices unchanged
Chair of the Federal Reserve: Alan Greenspan R
executive/ordersExecutive orders
+55Federal Register API ↗
55 executive orders signed · William J. Clinton 55
EO 12902 Energy Efficiency and Water Conservation at Federal Facilities
Mar 8, 1994 · William J. Clinton · revoked by EO 13123
EO 12919 National Defense Industrial Resources Preparedness
Jun 3, 1994 · William J. Clinton
EO 12936 Amendments to the Manual for Courts-Martial, United States, 1984
Nov 10, 1994 · William J. Clinton
EO 12940 Amendment to Civil Service Rule VI
Nov 28, 1994 · William J. Clinton
EO 12944 Adjustments of Certain Rates of Pay and Allowances
Dec 28, 1994 · William J. Clinton · revoked by EO 12984
EO 12890 Amendment to Executive Order No. 12864
Dec 30, 1993 · William J. Clinton
EO 12891 Advisory Committee on Human Radiation Experiments
Jan 15, 1994 · William J. Clinton · revoked by EO 13062
EO 12892 Leadership and Coordination of Fair Housing in Federal Programs: Affirmatively Furthering Fair Housing
Jan 17, 1994 · William J. Clinton
Show 6 more
EO 12893 Principles for Federal Infrastructure Investments
Jan 26, 1994 · William J. Clinton
EO 12895 North Pacific Anadromous Fish Commission
Jan 26, 1994 · William J. Clinton
EO 12894 North Pacific Marine Science Organization
Jan 26, 1994 · William J. Clinton
EO 12896 Amending the Civil Service Rules Concerning Political Activity
Feb 3, 1994 · William J. Clinton
EO 12897 Garnishment of Federal Employees' Pay
Feb 3, 1994 · William J. Clinton
EO 12898 Federal Actions To Address Environmental Justice in Minority Populations and Low-Income Populations
Feb 11, 1994 · William J. Clinton
Only orders signed after Dec 30, 1993 are counted; Federal Register coverage starts there.
executive/nominationsSenate confirmations
+1,147Congress.gov ↗
1,327 civilian nominations received · 1,147 confirmed · 8 withdrawn · 167 returned to the President
Warren Christopher, of California, to be Secretary of State.
confirmed Jan 20, 1993 · voice vote or unanimous consent
Lloyd Bentsen, of Texas, to be Secretary of the Treasury.
confirmed Jan 20, 1993 · voice vote or unanimous consent
Les Aspin, of Wisconsin, to be Secretary of Defense.
confirmed Jan 20, 1993 · voice vote or unanimous consent
Carol M. Browner, of Florida, to be Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency.
confirmed Jan 21, 1993 · voice vote or unanimous consent
Leon E. Panetta, of California, to be Director of the Office of Management and Budget.
confirmed Jan 21, 1993 · voice vote or unanimous consent
Michael Kantor, of California, to be United States Trade Representative, with the rank of Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary.
confirmed Jan 21, 1993 · voice vote or unanimous consent
Richard W. Riley, of South Carolina, to be Secretary of Education.
confirmed Jan 21, 1993 · voice vote or unanimous consent
Donna E. Shalala, of Wisconsin, to be Secretary of Health and Human Services.
confirmed Jan 21, 1993 · voice vote or unanimous consent
Jesse Brown, of the District of Columbia, to be Secretary of Veterans Affairs.
confirmed Jan 21, 1993 · voice vote or unanimous consent
Robert B. Reich, of Massachusetts, to be Secretary of Labor.
confirmed Jan 21, 1993 · voice vote or unanimous consent
Henry G. Cisneros, of Texas, to be Secretary of Housing and Urban Development.
confirmed Jan 21, 1993 · voice vote or unanimous consent
Hazel Rollins O'Leary, of Minnesota, to be Secretary of Energy.
confirmed Jan 21, 1993 · voice vote or unanimous consent
Show 12 more top confirmations
Federico Pena, of Colorado, to be Secretary of Transportation.
confirmed Jan 21, 1993
Mike Espy, of Mississippi, to be Secretary of Agriculture.
confirmed Jan 21, 1993
Bruce Babbitt, of Arizona, to be Secretary of the Interior.
confirmed Jan 21, 1993
Ronald H. Brown, of the District of Columbia, to be Secretary of Commerce.
confirmed Jan 21, 1993
Madeleine Korbel Albright, of the District of Columbia, to be the Representative of the United States of America to the United Nations with rank and status of Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, and the Representative of the United States of America in the Security Council of the United Nations.
confirmed Jan 26, 1993
Janet Reno, of Florida, to be Attorney General.
confirmed Mar 11, 1993 · 98–0
Erskine B. Bowles, of North Carolina, to be Administrator of the Small Business Administration, vice Patricia F. Saiki, resigned.
confirmed May 7, 1993
William J. Perry, of California, to be Secretary of Defense, vice Les Aspin, resigned.
confirmed Feb 3, 1994 · 97–0
David Elias Birenbaum, of the District of Columbia, to be Representative of the United States of America to the United Nations for U.N. Management and Reform, with the rank of Ambassador.
confirmed Jun 24, 1994
Stephen G. Breyer, of Massachusetts, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, vice Harry A. Blackmun.
confirmed Jul 29, 1994 · 87–9
Alice M. Rivlin, of the District of Columbia, to be Director of the Office of Management and Budget, vice Leon E. Panetta.
confirmed Oct 7, 1994
Philip Lader, of South Carolina, to be Administrator of the Small Business Administration, vice Erskine B. Bowles.
confirmed Oct 8, 1994
Civilian nominations only (military promotions excluded). Top confirmations are cabinet-level posts, Supreme Court justices, and the Fed chair.
executive/agenciesFederal agencies
+11−6Wikidata ↗
343 → 350 tracked organizations · 15 → 15 executive departments
Community Oriented Policing Services
established Jan 1, 1994 · component within the United States Department of Justice
Farm Service Agency
established Jan 1, 1994 · agency of the United States Department of Agriculture
Grain Inspection, Packers and Stockyards Administration
established Jan 1, 1994 · agency of the US Department of Agriculture
National Centers for Environmental Prediction
established Jan 1, 1994 · core agency of the U.S. National Weather Service
Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service
established Jan 1, 1994 · agency of the United States Department of Agriculture (1994-2009)
Office of Educational Technology
established Mar 31, 1994 · office within United States Department of Education
Administrative Appeals Office
established Nov 22, 1994 · Office within United States Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) that can be used by petitioners to appeal adverse USCIS decisions made on their petitions.
Ocean Prediction Center
established Jan 1, 1995 · one of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction's service centers
Program Support Center
established Jan 1, 1995 · government organization in Bethesda, United States
Tropical Prediction Center
established Jan 1, 1995
Show 7 more
NOAA Environmental Modeling Center
established Jan 1, 1995 · United States weather agency
Administrative Conference of the United States
abolished Jan 1, 1995 · independent agency of the United States government dedicated to improving federal agency administrative processes and procedures
Human Nutrition Information Service
abolished Jan 1, 1994
ACTION
abolished Apr 4, 1994 · former United States government agency · replaced by AmeriCorps
United States Soil Conservation Service
abolished Oct 20, 1994 · Predecessor of the Natural Resources Conservation Service, United States Department of Agriculture · replaced by Natural Resources Conservation Service
Office of Technology Assessment
abolished Jan 1, 1995 · organization in the United States
National Commission for Employment Policy
abolished Jan 1, 1995
Agency start and end dates come from Wikidata, which covers smaller bureaus unevenly.
executive/regulationsFederal regulations
+128Federal Register API ↗
128 final rules published in the Federal Register
from Jan 1, 1994
0 of them flagged "significant" under EO 12866
major economic or policy impact
109 proposed rules · 600 notices
Loading which agencies published the most rules…
Final rules carry the force of law. Rescissions count as rules too, so this measures regulatory activity, not net growth.

Military2 files±0

military/conflictsArmed conflicts
±0UCDP/PRIO Armed Conflict Dataset ↗
U.S. in 0 armed conflicts → 0
The U.S. was not a party to any armed conflict in this window.
An armed conflict here means at least 25 battle deaths in a year, with U.S. forces as a party or fighting for a government (UCDP's definition). Air strikes, raids, and advisory missions below that threshold aren't included. UN peacekeeping missions are excluded.
military/troopsU.S. troops abroad
−47,589 troops abroadDMDC via troopdata (Allen, Flynn & Martinez Machain) ↗
306,877 → 259,288 active-duty troops stationed abroad · 1,763,417 → 1,573,762 total active duty
21 → 16 countries with 1,000 or more U.S. troops
as of Sep 30, 1992 → as of Sep 30, 1994
Germany 134,483 → 87,955
−46,528
Haiti 14 → 17,495
+17,481
United Kingdom 20,048 → 13,781
−6,267
Kuwait 1,980 → 269
−1,711
Philippines 1,929 → 232
−1,697
Netherlands 2,384 → 826
−1,558
Guam 7,844 → 6,319
−1,525
Cuba 2,392 → 3,760
+1,368
Saudi Arabia 1,801 → 710
−1,091
Spain 3,863 → 2,790
−1,073
South Korea 35,743 → 36,796
+1,053
Panama 10,447 → 9,479
−968
Largest U.S. deployments as of Sep 30, 1994
Germany 87,955
Japan 45,398
South Korea 36,796
Haiti 17,495
United Kingdom 13,781
Italy 12,743
Panama 9,479
Guam 6,319
Active-duty personnel assigned to each country in the Defense Department's location reports, which leave out most combat deployments, forces afloat, and short rotations: Iraq, Syria, and Afghanistan during their wars are press or Pentagon estimates, and Iraq and Syria read zero after 2023 although a few thousand troops remained. Each date shows the latest report on or before it.

Legislative4 files+594−128

legislative/controlControl of Congress
0 changesHouse History / Senate Historical Office ↗
Top: House · Bottom: Senate DemocraticRepublican
102nd Congress → 103rd Congress · 1 new Congress elected
0 changes of chamber control along the way
House: Democrat majority on both dates
268 D · 165 R → 257 D · 178 R
Senate: Democrat majority on both dates
58 D · 42 R → 53 D · 47 R
legislative/senateSenate
+13−13congress-legislators ↗
Jan 3, 1993 · 58 D · 42 R
Richard C. Shelby (Democrat, AL)Howell Thomas Heflin (Democrat, AL)Dale Bumpers (Democrat, AR)David Hampton Pryor (Democrat, AR)Dennis Webster DeConcini (Democrat, AZ)Alan Cranston (Democrat, CA)Dianne Feinstein (Democrat, CA)Timothy E. Wirth (Democrat, CO)Christopher J. Dodd (Democrat, CT)Joseph I. Lieberman (Democrat, CT)Joseph R. Biden Jr. (Democrat, DE)Bob Graham (Democrat, FL)Wyche Fowler Jr. (Democrat, GA)Samuel Augustus Nunn (Democrat, GA)Daniel K. Inouye (Democrat, HI)Daniel K. Akaka (Democrat, HI)Tom Harkin (Democrat, IA)Alan John Dixon (Democrat, IL)Paul Martin Simon (Democrat, IL)Wendell Hampton Ford (Democrat, KY)John B. Breaux (Democrat, LA)John Bennett Johnston Jr. (Democrat, LA)Edward M. Kennedy (Democrat, MA)John F. Kerry (Democrat, MA)Barbara A. Mikulski (Democrat, MD)Paul S. Sarbanes (Democrat, MD)George John Mitchell (Democrat, ME)Donald Wayne Riegle Jr. (Democrat, MI)Carl Levin (Democrat, MI)Paul David Wellstone (Democrat, MN)Max Baucus (Democrat, MT)James Terry Sanford (Democrat, NC)Kent Conrad (Democrat, ND)Byron L. Dorgan (Democrat, ND)J. Robert Kerrey (Democrat, NE)J. James Exon (Democrat, NE)Frank R. Lautenberg (Democrat, NJ)William Warren Bradley (Democrat, NJ)Jeff Bingaman (Democrat, NM)Harry Reid (Democrat, NV)Richard H. Bryan (Democrat, NV)Daniel Patrick Moynihan (Democrat, NY)John Herschel Glenn Jr. (Democrat, OH)Howard Morton Metzenbaum (Democrat, OH)David Lyle Boren (Democrat, OK)Harris Wofford (Democrat, PA)Claiborne de Borda Pell (Democrat, RI)Ernest F. Hollings (Democrat, SC)Thomas A. Daschle (Democrat, SD)James Ralph Sasser (Democrat, TN)Albert Arnold Gore Jr. (Democrat, TN)Lloyd Millard Bentsen Jr. (Democrat, TX)Charles S. Robb (Democrat, VA)Patrick J. Leahy (Democrat, VT)Brockman Adams (Democrat, WA)Herb Kohl (Democrat, WI)Robert C. Byrd (Democrat, WV)John D. Rockefeller, IV (Democrat, WV)Frank H. Murkowski (Republican, AK)Ted F. Stevens (Republican, AK)John McCain (Republican, AZ)George Hanks Brown (Republican, CO)William V. Roth Jr. (Republican, DE)Connie Mack III (Republican, FL)Chuck Grassley (Republican, IA)Steven Douglas Symms (Republican, ID)Larry E. Craig (Republican, ID)Daniel Coats (Republican, IN)Richard G. Lugar (Republican, IN)Robert Joseph Dole (Republican, KS)Nancy Landon Kassebaum (Republican, KS)Mitch McConnell (Republican, KY)William Sebastian Cohen (Republican, ME)David Ferdinand Durenberger (Republican, MN)Christopher S. Bond (Republican, MO)John Claggett Danforth (Republican, MO)Trent Lott (Republican, MS)Thad Cochran (Republican, MS)Conrad Burns (Republican, MT)Jesse Helms (Republican, NC)Warren Bruce Rudman (Republican, NH)Robert Smith (Republican, NH)Pete V. Domenici (Republican, NM)Alfonse Marcello D’Amato (Republican, NY)Don Nickles (Republican, OK)Robert William Packwood (Republican, OR)Mark Odom Hatfield (Republican, OR)Arlen Specter (Republican, PA)John Hubbard Chafee (Republican, RI)J. Strom Thurmond (Republican, SC)Larry Lee Pressler (Republican, SD)Phil Gramm (Republican, TX)Edwin Jacob Garn (Republican, UT)Orrin G. Hatch (Republican, UT)John W. Warner (Republican, VA)James M. Jeffords (Republican, VT)T. Slade Gorton (Republican, WA)Robert Walter Kasten Jr. (Republican, WI)Malcolm Wallop (Republican, WY)Alan Kooi Simpson (Republican, WY)
Jan 2, 1995 · 53 D · 47 R
Howell Thomas Heflin (Democrat, AL)David Hampton Pryor (Democrat, AR)Dale Bumpers (Democrat, AR)Dennis Webster DeConcini (Democrat, AZ)Dianne Feinstein (Democrat, CA)Barbara Boxer (Democrat, CA)Ben Nighthorse Campbell (Democrat, CO)Joseph I. Lieberman (Democrat, CT)Christopher J. Dodd (Democrat, CT)Joseph R. Biden Jr. (Democrat, DE)Bob Graham (Democrat, FL)Samuel Augustus Nunn (Democrat, GA)Daniel K. Akaka (Democrat, HI)Daniel K. Inouye (Democrat, HI)Tom Harkin (Democrat, IA)Paul Martin Simon (Democrat, IL)Carol Moseley Braun (Democrat, IL)Wendell Hampton Ford (Democrat, KY)John Bennett Johnston Jr. (Democrat, LA)John B. Breaux (Democrat, LA)Edward M. Kennedy (Democrat, MA)John F. Kerry (Democrat, MA)Paul S. Sarbanes (Democrat, MD)Barbara A. Mikulski (Democrat, MD)George John Mitchell (Democrat, ME)Donald Wayne Riegle Jr. (Democrat, MI)Carl Levin (Democrat, MI)Paul David Wellstone (Democrat, MN)Max Baucus (Democrat, MT)Kent Conrad (Democrat, ND)Byron L. Dorgan (Democrat, ND)J. Robert Kerrey (Democrat, NE)J. James Exon (Democrat, NE)Frank R. Lautenberg (Democrat, NJ)William Warren Bradley (Democrat, NJ)Jeff Bingaman (Democrat, NM)Richard H. Bryan (Democrat, NV)Harry Reid (Democrat, NV)Daniel Patrick Moynihan (Democrat, NY)Howard Morton Metzenbaum (Democrat, OH)John Herschel Glenn Jr. (Democrat, OH)Harris Wofford (Democrat, PA)Claiborne de Borda Pell (Democrat, RI)Ernest F. Hollings (Democrat, SC)Thomas A. Daschle (Democrat, SD)James Ralph Sasser (Democrat, TN)Charles S. Robb (Democrat, VA)Patrick J. Leahy (Democrat, VT)Patty Murray (Democrat, WA)Herb Kohl (Democrat, WI)Russell D. Feingold (Democrat, WI)Robert C. Byrd (Democrat, WV)John D. Rockefeller, IV (Democrat, WV)Ted F. Stevens (Republican, AK)Frank H. Murkowski (Republican, AK)Richard C. Shelby (Republican, AL)John McCain (Republican, AZ)George Hanks Brown (Republican, CO)William V. Roth Jr. (Republican, DE)Connie Mack III (Republican, FL)Paul D. Coverdell (Republican, GA)Chuck Grassley (Republican, IA)Larry E. Craig (Republican, ID)Dirk Kempthorne (Republican, ID)Richard G. Lugar (Republican, IN)Daniel Coats (Republican, IN)Nancy Landon Kassebaum (Republican, KS)Robert Joseph Dole (Republican, KS)Mitch McConnell (Republican, KY)William Sebastian Cohen (Republican, ME)David Ferdinand Durenberger (Republican, MN)John Claggett Danforth (Republican, MO)Christopher S. Bond (Republican, MO)Trent Lott (Republican, MS)Thad Cochran (Republican, MS)Conrad Burns (Republican, MT)Jesse Helms (Republican, NC)Duncan McLauchlin Faircloth (Republican, NC)Robert Smith (Republican, NH)Judd A. Gregg (Republican, NH)Pete V. Domenici (Republican, NM)Alfonse Marcello D’Amato (Republican, NY)Don Nickles (Republican, OK)James M. Inhofe (Republican, OK)Mark Odom Hatfield (Republican, OR)Robert William Packwood (Republican, OR)Arlen Specter (Republican, PA)John Hubbard Chafee (Republican, RI)J. Strom Thurmond (Republican, SC)Larry Lee Pressler (Republican, SD)Fred Thompson (Republican, TN)Phil Gramm (Republican, TX)Kay Bailey Hutchison (Republican, TX)Orrin G. Hatch (Republican, UT)Robert F. Bennett (Republican, UT)John W. Warner (Republican, VA)James M. Jeffords (Republican, VT)T. Slade Gorton (Republican, WA)Malcolm Wallop (Republican, WY)Alan Kooi Simpson (Republican, WY)
13 new members · 13 departed · 87 served on both dates · women 3 → 7 · median age 58 → 60
7 seats changed party
James Terry Sanford D
North Carolina seat
Duncan McLauchlin Faircloth R
North Carolina seat
Wyche Fowler Jr. D
Georgia seat
Paul D. Coverdell R
Georgia seat
Robert Walter Kasten Jr. R
Wisconsin seat
Russell D. Feingold D
Wisconsin seat
Lloyd Millard Bentsen Jr. D
Texas seat
Kay Bailey Hutchison R
Texas seat
Show 3 more seat flips
Richard C. Shelby D
Alabama seat
Richard C. Shelby R
Alabama seat
David Lyle Boren D
Oklahoma seat
James M. Inhofe R
Oklahoma seat
Albert Arnold Gore Jr. D
Tennessee seat
Fred Thompson R
Tennessee seat
Who joined and who left (13 in · 13 out)
Barbara Boxer D
California
Ben Nighthorse Campbell D
Colorado
Paul D. Coverdell R
Georgia
Dirk Kempthorne R
Idaho
Carol Moseley Braun D
Illinois
Duncan McLauchlin Faircloth R
North Carolina
Judd A. Gregg R
New Hampshire
James M. Inhofe R
Oklahoma
Fred Thompson R
Tennessee
Kay Bailey Hutchison R
Texas
Robert F. Bennett R
Utah
Patty Murray D
Washington
Russell D. Feingold D
Wisconsin
Alan Cranston D
California
Timothy E. Wirth D
Colorado
Wyche Fowler Jr. D
Georgia
Steven Douglas Symms R
Idaho
Alan John Dixon D
Illinois
James Terry Sanford D
North Carolina
Warren Bruce Rudman R
New Hampshire
David Lyle Boren D
Oklahoma
Albert Arnold Gore Jr. D
Tennessee
Lloyd Millard Bentsen Jr. D
Texas
Edwin Jacob Garn R
Utah
Brockman Adams D
Washington
Robert Walter Kasten Jr. R
Wisconsin
legislative/houseHouse
+116−115congress-legislators ↗
Jan 3, 1993 · 267 D · 165 R · 1 RC · 1 I
Ben Erdreich (Democrat, AL-6)Claude Harris Jr. (Democrat, AL-7)Tom Bevill (Democrat, AL-4)John Glen Browder (Democrat, AL-3)Robert E. Cramer Jr. (Democrat, AL-5)William Vollie Alexander Jr. (Democrat, AR-1)Beryl Franklin Anthony Jr. (Democrat, AR-4)Raymond Hoyt Thornton Jr. (Democrat, AR-2)Ed Pastor (Democrat, AZ-2)Glenn Malcolm Anderson (Democrat, CA-32)Mervyn Malcolm Dymally (Democrat, CA-31)Meldon Edises Levine (Democrat, CA-27)Edward Ross Roybal (Democrat, CA-25)William Donlon Edwards (Democrat, CA-10)Richard Henry Lehman (Democrat, CA-18)Leon Edward Panetta (Democrat, CA-16)Anthony Charles Beilenson (Democrat, CA-23)Norman Yoshio Mineta (Democrat, CA-13)Ronald Vernie Dellums (Democrat, CA-8)Victor Herbert Fazio Jr. (Democrat, CA-4)Esteban Edward Torres (Democrat, CA-34)George E. Brown Jr. (Democrat, CA-36)Julian C. Dixon (Democrat, CA-28)Matthew G. Martínez (Democrat, CA-30)Gary Condit (Democrat, CA-15)Calvin M. Dooley (Democrat, CA-17)Robert T. Matsui (Democrat, CA-3)Tom Lantos (Democrat, CA-11)Howard L. Berman (Democrat, CA-26)Fortney Pete Stark (Democrat, CA-9)George Miller (Democrat, CA-7)Henry A. Waxman (Democrat, CA-24)Barbara Boxer (Democrat, CA-6)Nancy Pelosi (Democrat, CA-5)Maxine Waters (Democrat, CA-29)Patricia Scott Schroeder (Democrat, CO-1)David Evans Skaggs (Democrat, CO-2)Ben Nighthorse Campbell (Democrat, CO-3)Barbara Bailey Kennelly (Democrat, CT-1)Sam Gejdenson (Democrat, CT-2)Rosa L. DeLauro (Democrat, CT-3)Thomas R. Carper (Democrat, DE-AL)Charles Edward Bennett (Democrat, FL-3)Dante Bruno Fascell (Democrat, FL-19)William Lehman (Democrat, FL-17)Lawrence Jack Smith (Democrat, FL-16)James Bacchus (Democrat, FL-11)Earl Dewitt Hutto (Democrat, FL-1)Sam Melville Gibbons (Democrat, FL-7)Harry A. Johnston II (Democrat, FL-14)Douglas Brian Peterson (Democrat, FL-2)Druie Douglas Barnard Jr. (Democrat, GA-10)Charles Floyd Hatcher (Democrat, GA-2)Edgar Lanier Jenkins (Democrat, GA-9)Ben Jones (Democrat, GA-4)Richard Belmont Ray (Democrat, GA-3)Robert Lindsay Thomas (Democrat, GA-1)George Darden (Democrat, GA-7)James Roy Rowland Jr. (Democrat, GA-8)John Lewis (Democrat, GA-5)Patsy Takemoto Mink (Democrat, HI-2)Neil Abercrombie (Democrat, HI-1)David Ray Nagle (Democrat, IA-3)Neal Edward Smith (Democrat, IA-4)Richard Howard Stallings (Democrat, ID-2)Larry LaRocco (Democrat, ID-1)Frank Annunzio (Democrat, IL-11)Terry Lee Bruce (Democrat, IL-19)John W. Cox Jr. (Democrat, IL-16)Charles Arthur Hayes (Democrat, IL-1)Martin Anthony Russo (Democrat, IL-3)Gus Savage (Democrat, IL-2)Daniel David Rostenkowski (Democrat, IL-8)George Edward Sangmeister (Democrat, IL-4)Cardiss Collins (Democrat, IL-7)Glenn Poshard (Democrat, IL-22)Sidney Richard Yates (Democrat, IL-9)William O. Lipinski (Democrat, IL-5)Lane A. Evans (Democrat, IL-17)Jerry F. Costello (Democrat, IL-21)Richard J. Durbin (Democrat, IL-20)James Prather Jontz (Democrat, IN-5)Jill Lynette Long Thompson (Democrat, IN-4)Francis Xavier McCloskey (Democrat, IN-8)Philip Riley Sharp (Democrat, IN-2)Andrew Jacobs Jr. (Democrat, IN-10)Lee Herbert Hamilton (Democrat, IN-9)Timothy Roemer (Democrat, IN-3)Peter J. Visclosky (Democrat, IN-1)Daniel Robert Glickman (Democrat, KS-4)James Charles Slattery (Democrat, KS-2)Carroll Hubbard Jr. (Democrat, KY-1)Carl Christopher Perkins (Democrat, KY-7)Romano Louis Mazzoli (Democrat, KY-3)William Huston Natcher (Democrat, KY-2)Thomas Jerald Huckaby (Democrat, LA-5)James Allison Hayes (Democrat, LA-7)William J. Tauzin (Democrat, LA-3)William J. Jefferson (Democrat, LA-2)Chester Greenough Atkins (Democrat, MA-5)Brian Joseph Donnelly (Democrat, MA-11)Joseph Daniel Early (Democrat, MA-3)Nicholas James Mavroules (Democrat, MA-6)Gerry Eastman Studds (Democrat, MA-10)Joseph Patrick Kennedy II (Democrat, MA-8)John Joseph Moakley (Democrat, MA-9)Barney Frank (Democrat, MA-4)Edward J. Markey (Democrat, MA-7)Richard E. Neal (Democrat, MA-2)John W. Olver (Democrat, MA-1)Beverly Barton Butcher Byron (Democrat, MD-6)Charles Thomas McMillen (Democrat, MD-4)Benjamin L. Cardin (Democrat, MD-3)Steny H. Hoyer (Democrat, MD-5)Kweisi Mfume (Democrat, MD-7)Thomas Hiram Andrews (Democrat, ME-1)Dennis Mark Hertel (Democrat, MI-14)Jerome Bob Traxler (Democrat, MI-8)Howard Eliot Wolpe III (Democrat, MI-3)Milton Robert Carr (Democrat, MI-6)William David Ford (Democrat, MI-15)Barbara-Rose Collins (Democrat, MI-13)David E. Bonior (Democrat, MI-12)Dale E. Kildee (Democrat, MI-7)John D. Dingell (Democrat, MI-16)John Conyers, Jr. (Democrat, MI-1)Sander M. Levin (Democrat, MI-17)Gerald Edward Sikorski (Democrat, MN-6)Timothy Joseph Penny (Democrat, MN-1)Bruce F. Vento (Democrat, MN-4)Martin Olav Sabo (Democrat, MN-5)James L. Oberstar (Democrat, MN-8)Collin C. Peterson (Democrat, MN-7)Joan Kelly Horn (Democrat, MO-2)Alan Dupree Wheat (Democrat, MO-5)Harold Lee Volkmer (Democrat, MO-9)William Lacy Clay Sr. (Democrat, MO-1)Richard Andrew Gephardt (Democrat, MO-3)Ike Skelton (Democrat, MO-4)Albert Michael Espy (Democrat, MS-2)Jamie Lloyd Whitten (Democrat, MS-1)Gillespie V. Montgomery (Democrat, MS-3)Michael Parker (Democrat, MS-4)Gene Taylor (Democrat, MS-5)John Patrick Williams (Democrat, MT-1)H. Martin Lancaster (Democrat, NC-3)Stephen Lybrook Neal (Democrat, NC-5)Itimous Thaddeus, Jr., Valentine (Democrat, NC-2)Charles Grandison Rose III (Democrat, NC-7)Willie Gathrel Hefner (Democrat, NC-8)David E. Price (Democrat, NC-4)Eva Clayton (Democrat, NC-1)Peter D. Hoagland (Democrat, NE-2)Richard Swett (Democrat, NH-2)Bernard James Dwyer (Democrat, NJ-6)Frank Joseph Guarini Jr. (Democrat, NJ-14)Robert A. Roe (Democrat, NJ-8)William John Hughes (Democrat, NJ-2)Robert Torricelli (Democrat, NJ-9)Donald M. Payne (Democrat, NJ-10)Robert E. Andrews (Democrat, NJ-1)Frank Pallone, Jr. (Democrat, NJ-3)William Blaine Richardson (Democrat, NM-3)James Hubert Bilbray (Democrat, NV-1)Thomas Joseph Downey (Democrat, NY-2)Matthew Francis McHugh (Democrat, NY-28)Robert Jan Mrazek (Democrat, NY-3)Henry James Nowak (Democrat, NY-33)James Haas Scheuer (Democrat, NY-8)Stephen Joshua Solarz (Democrat, NY-13)George Joseph Hochbrueckner (Democrat, NY-1)Floyd Harold Flake (Democrat, NY-6)Thomas J. Manton (Democrat, NY-9)John J. LaFalce (Democrat, NY-32)Major R. Owens (Democrat, NY-12)Michael R. McNulty (Democrat, NY-23)Gary L. Ackerman (Democrat, NY-7)Edolphus Towns (Democrat, NY-11)Charles B. Rangel (Democrat, NY-16)Louise McIntosh Slaughter (Democrat, NY-30)Eliot L. Engel (Democrat, NY-19)Nita M. Lowey (Democrat, NY-20)José E. Serrano (Democrat, NY-18)Charles E. Schumer (Democrat, NY-10)Jerrold Nadler (Democrat, NY-17)Dennis Edward Eckart (Democrat, OH-11)Edward Farrell Feighan (Democrat, OH-19)Charles J. Luken (Democrat, OH-1)Mary Rose Oakar (Democrat, OH-20)Donald James Pease (Democrat, OH-13)Douglas Earl Applegate (Democrat, OH-18)Louis Stokes (Democrat, OH-21)Tony P. Hall (Democrat, OH-3)Thomas C. Sawyer (Democrat, OH-14)James A. Traficant Jr. (Democrat, OH-17)Marcy Kaptur (Democrat, OH-9)Glenn Lee English Jr. (Democrat, OK-6)David Keith McCurdy (Democrat, OK-4)Michael Lynn Synar (Democrat, OK-2)William K. Brewster (Democrat, OK-3)Les AuCoin (Democrat, OR-1)Michael J. Kopetski (Democrat, OR-5)Peter A. DeFazio (Democrat, OR-4)Ron Wyden (Democrat, OR-3)Joseph Matthew Gaydos (Democrat, PA-20)Joseph Paul Kolter (Democrat, PA-4)Peter Houston Kostmayer (Democrat, PA-8)Gus Yatron (Democrat, PA-6)Austin John Murphy (Democrat, PA-22)Thomas Michael Foglietta (Democrat, PA-1)Robert A. Borski (Democrat, PA-3)William J. Coyne (Democrat, PA-14)Paul E. Kanjorski (Democrat, PA-11)John P. Murtha (Democrat, PA-12)Lucien Edward Blackwell (Democrat, PA-2)Jack Reed (Democrat, RI-2)Elizabeth J. Patterson (Democrat, SC-4)Robert Mooneyhan Tallon Jr. (Democrat, SC-6)Butler Carson Derrick Jr. (Democrat, SC-3)John McKee Spratt Jr. (Democrat, SC-5)Tim Johnson (Democrat, SD-1)Marilyn Laird Lloyd (Democrat, TN-3)Harold Eugene Ford (Democrat, TN-9)Robert Clement (Democrat, TN-5)Barton Jennings Gordon (Democrat, TN-6)John S. Tanner (Democrat, TN-8)Jim Cooper (Democrat, TN-4)Albert Garza Bustamante (Democrat, TX-23)Michael Allen Andrews (Democrat, TX-25)Jack Bascom Brooks (Democrat, TX-9)James Jarrell Pickle (Democrat, TX-10)William Sarpalius (Democrat, TX-13)Craig Anthony Washington (Democrat, TX-18)John Wiley Bryant (Democrat, TX-5)Jim Chapman (Democrat, TX-1)Ronald D’Emory Coleman (Democrat, TX-16)Preston M. Geren (Democrat, TX-12)Gregory H. Laughlin (Democrat, TX-14)Charles Wilson (Democrat, TX-2)Eligio II de la Garza (Democrat, TX-15)Henry Barbosa González (Democrat, TX-20)Jonas Frost III (Democrat, TX-24)Charles W. Stenholm (Democrat, TX-17)Thomas Edwards (Democrat, TX-11)Solomon P. Ortiz (Democrat, TX-27)Ralph M. Hall (Democrat, TX-4)Douglas Wayne Owens (Democrat, UT-2)William Orton (Democrat, UT-3)James R. Olin (Democrat, VA-6)Lewis Franklin Payne Jr. (Democrat, VA-5)Owen B. Pickett (Democrat, VA-2)Norman Sisisky (Democrat, VA-4)Frederick C. Boucher (Democrat, VA-9)James P. Moran (Democrat, VA-8)Thomas Stephen Foley (Democrat, WA-5)Allan Byron Swift (Democrat, WA-2)Jolene Unsoeld (Democrat, WA-3)Norman D. Dicks (Democrat, WA-6)Jim McDermott (Democrat, WA-7)Jim Moody (Democrat, WI-5)Leslie Aspin (Democrat, WI-1)Gerald D. Kleczka (Democrat, WI-4)David Ross Obey (Democrat, WI-7)Harley Orrin Staggers Jr. (Democrat, WV-2)Robert E. Wise Jr. (Democrat, WV-3)Alan B. Mollohan (Democrat, WV-1)Nick J. Rahall II (Democrat, WV-4)Bernard Sanders (Independent, VT-AL)Norman Frederick Lent (Republican-Conservative, NY-4)Don Young (Republican, AK-AL)William Louis Dickinson (Republican, AL-2)H. L. Callahan (Republican, AL-1)John Paul Hammerschmidt (Republican, AR-3)John Jacob Rhodes III (Republican, AZ-1)Robert Stump (Republican, AZ-3)James T. Kolbe (Republican, AZ-5)Jon Kyl (Republican, AZ-4)William Edwin Dannemeyer (Republican, CA-39)Robert John Lagomarsino (Republican, CA-19)William David Lowery (Republican, CA-41)Alfred A. McCandless (Republican, CA-37)Robert Kenneth Dornan (Republican, CA-38)Carlos John Moorhead (Republican, CA-22)Frank D. Riggs (Republican, CA-1)Tom Campbell (Republican, CA-12)Ron Packard (Republican, CA-43)C. Christopher Cox (Republican, CA-40)Randall H. Cunningham (Republican, CA-44)William M. Thomas (Republican, CA-20)John T. Doolittle (Republican, CA-14)Duncan L. Hunter (Republican, CA-45)David Dreier (Republican, CA-33)Elton Gallegly (Republican, CA-21)Wally Herger (Republican, CA-2)Jerry Lewis (Republican, CA-35)Dana Rohrabacher (Republican, CA-42)Daniel Schaefer (Republican, CO-6)Wayne A. Allard (Republican, CO-4)Joel Hefley (Republican, CO-5)Gary A. Franks (Republican, CT-5)Nancy Lee Johnson (Republican, CT-6)Christopher H. Shays (Republican, CT-4)Andrew Poysell Ireland (Republican, FL-10)Craig T. James (Republican, FL-4)Thomas F. Lewis (Republican, FL-12)Bill McCollum (Republican, FL-5)Porter J. Goss (Republican, FL-13)Michael Bilirakis (Republican, FL-9)E. Clay Shaw Jr. (Republican, FL-15)Cliff Stearns (Republican, FL-6)C. W. Bill Young (Republican, FL-8)Ileana Ros-Lehtinen (Republican, FL-18)Newton Leroy Gingrich (Republican, GA-6)Frederick Lawrence Grandy (Republican, IA-6)James Ross Lightfoot (Republican, IA-5)James A. Leach (Republican, IA-1)James Allen Nussle (Republican, IA-2)Robert Henry Michel (Republican, IL-18)Harris W. Fawell (Republican, IL-13)John Edward Porter (Republican, IL-10)Philip M. Crane (Republican, IL-12)Henry John Hyde (Republican, IL-6)J. Dennis Hastert (Republican, IL-14)Thomas W. Ewing (Republican, IL-15)John Thomas Myers (Republican, IN-7)Dan Burton (Republican, IN-6)Richard Nichols (Republican, KS-5)Jan Meyers (Republican, KS-3)Pat Roberts (Republican, KS-1)Larry Jones Hopkins (Republican, KY-6)Jim Bunning (Republican, KY-4)Harold Rogers (Republican, KY-5)Clyde Cecil Holloway (Republican, LA-8)Robert Linligthgow Livingston Jr. (Republican, LA-1)Richard Hugh Baker (Republican, LA-6)James O. McCrery III (Republican, LA-4)Helen Delich Bentley (Republican, MD-2)Constance Morella (Republican, MD-8)Wayne T. Gilchrest (Republican, MD-1)Olympia J. Snowe (Republican, ME-2)William S. Broomfield (Republican, MI-18)Robert William Davis (Republican, MI-11)Carl Duane Pursell (Republican, MI-2)Guy Adrian Vander Jagt (Republican, MI-9)Paul B. Henry (Republican, MI-5)Dave Camp (Republican, MI-10)Fred Upton (Republican, MI-4)John Vincent Weber (Republican, MN-2)James M. Ramstad (Republican, MN-3)Earl Thomas Coleman (Republican, MO-6)Norvell William Emerson (Republican, MO-8)Melton D. Hancock (Republican, MO-7)Ronald Charles Marlenee (Republican, MT-2)John Alexander, III McMillan (Republican, NC-9)Cass Ballenger (Republican, NC-10)Charles H. Taylor (Republican, NC-11)Howard Coble (Republican, NC-6)Bill Barrett (Republican, NE-3)Douglas K. Bereuter (Republican, NE-1)William H. Zeliff Jr. (Republican, NH-1)Matthew John Rinaldo (Republican, NJ-7)Dean Anderson Gallo (Republican, NJ-11)Richard Zimmer (Republican, NJ-12)Marge Roukema (Republican, NJ-5)H. James Saxton (Republican, NJ-13)Christopher H. Smith (Republican, NJ-4)Steven Harvey Schiff (Republican, NM-1)Joseph Skeen (Republican, NM-2)Barbara Farrell Vucanovich (Republican, NV-2)Sedgwick William Green (Republican, NY-15)Frank Jefferson Horton (Republican, NY-29)David O’Brien Martin (Republican, NY-26)Raymond Joseph McGrath (Republican, NY-5)Hamilton Fish Jr. (Republican, NY-21)Susan Molinari (Republican, NY-14)L. William Paxon (Republican, NY-31)Gerald Brooks Hunt Solomon (Republican, NY-24)Benjamin Gilman (Republican, NY-22)Amory Houghton Jr. (Republican, NY-34)Sherwood L. Boehlert (Republican, NY-25)James T. Walsh (Republican, NY-27)Bob McEwen (Republican, OH-6)Clarence E. Miller (Republican, OH-10)Chalmers Pangburn Wylie (Republican, OH-15)Willis David Gradison Jr. (Republican, OH-2)John R. Kasich (Republican, OH-12)Michael G. Oxley (Republican, OH-4)Paul E. Gillmor (Republican, OH-5)David Lee Hobson (Republican, OH-7)Ralph Regula (Republican, OH-16)John A. Boehner (Republican, OH-8)Marvin Henry Edwards (Republican, OK-5)James M. Inhofe (Republican, OK-1)Robert Freeman Smith (Republican, OR-2)Robert Lawrence Coughlin (Republican, PA-13)Donald Lawrence Ritter (Republican, PA-15)Richard Taylor Schulze (Republican, PA-5)Thomas Joseph Ridge (Republican, PA-21)William Floyd Clinger Jr. (Republican, PA-23)Robert Smith Walker (Republican, PA-16)Joseph Michael McDade (Republican, PA-10)William F. Goodling (Republican, PA-19)George W. Gekas (Republican, PA-17)Richard J. Santorum (Republican, PA-18)Elmer Greinert Shuster (Republican, PA-9)W. Curtis Weldon (Republican, PA-7)Ronald K. Machtley (Republican, RI-1)Arthur Ravenel Jr. (Republican, SC-1)Floyd Spence (Republican, SC-2)Donald Kenneth Sundquist (Republican, TN-7)James Henry Quillen (Republican, TN-1)John J. Duncan, Jr. (Republican, TN-2)Jack Milton Fields Jr. (Republican, TX-8)Bill Archer (Republican, TX-7)Richard K. Armey (Republican, TX-26)Larry Combest (Republican, TX-19)Thomas Dale DeLay (Republican, TX-22)Joe Barton (Republican, TX-6)Lamar Smith (Republican, TX-21)Sam Johnson (Republican, TX-3)James V. Hansen (Republican, UT-1)Herbert H. Bateman (Republican, VA-1)Tom Bliley (Republican, VA-3)Frank R. Wolf (Republican, VA-10)George Felix Allen (Republican, VA-7)Rodney Dennis Chandler (Republican, WA-8)John Ripin Miller (Republican, WA-1)Sidney Wallace Morrison (Republican, WA-4)Steven Craig Gunderson (Republican, WI-3)Toby A. Roth (Republican, WI-8)Scott L. Klug (Republican, WI-2)Thomas E. Petri (Republican, WI-6)F. James Sensenbrenner, Jr. (Republican, WI-9)Craig Thomas (Republican, WY-AL)
Jan 2, 1995 · 256 D · 178 R · 1 I
Tom Bevill (Democrat, AL-4)John Glen Browder (Democrat, AL-3)Earl F. Hilliard (Democrat, AL-7)Robert E. Cramer Jr. (Democrat, AL-5)Raymond Hoyt Thornton Jr. (Democrat, AR-2)Blanche Lambert Lincoln (Democrat, AR-1)Samuel G. Coppersmith (Democrat, AZ-1)Karan English (Democrat, AZ-6)Ed Pastor (Democrat, AZ-2)William Donlon Edwards (Democrat, CA-16)Daniel Hamburg (Democrat, CA-1)Richard Henry Lehman (Democrat, CA-19)Lynn Schenk (Democrat, CA-49)Anthony Charles Beilenson (Democrat, CA-24)Norman Yoshio Mineta (Democrat, CA-15)Walter R. Tucker III (Democrat, CA-37)Ronald Vernie Dellums (Democrat, CA-9)Victor Herbert Fazio Jr. (Democrat, CA-3)Esteban Edward Torres (Democrat, CA-34)George E. Brown Jr. (Democrat, CA-42)Julian C. Dixon (Democrat, CA-32)Matthew G. Martínez (Democrat, CA-31)Gary Condit (Democrat, CA-18)Calvin M. Dooley (Democrat, CA-20)Robert T. Matsui (Democrat, CA-5)Tom Lantos (Democrat, CA-12)Jane Harman (Democrat, CA-36)Bob Filner (Democrat, CA-50)Howard L. Berman (Democrat, CA-26)Fortney Pete Stark (Democrat, CA-13)Lynn C. Woolsey (Democrat, CA-6)George Miller (Democrat, CA-7)Henry A. Waxman (Democrat, CA-29)Xavier Becerra (Democrat, CA-30)Lucille Roybal-Allard (Democrat, CA-33)Anna G. Eshoo (Democrat, CA-14)Nancy Pelosi (Democrat, CA-8)Maxine Waters (Democrat, CA-35)Sam Farr (Democrat, CA-17)Patricia Scott Schroeder (Democrat, CO-1)David Evans Skaggs (Democrat, CO-2)Barbara Bailey Kennelly (Democrat, CT-1)Sam Gejdenson (Democrat, CT-2)Rosa L. DeLauro (Democrat, CT-3)James Bacchus (Democrat, FL-15)Earl Dewitt Hutto (Democrat, FL-1)Sam Melville Gibbons (Democrat, FL-11)Harry A. Johnston II (Democrat, FL-19)Douglas Brian Peterson (Democrat, FL-2)Carrie Meek (Democrat, FL-17)Karen Thurman (Democrat, FL-5)Peter Deutsch (Democrat, FL-20)Corrine Brown (Democrat, FL-3)Alcee L. Hastings (Democrat, FL-23)George Darden (Democrat, GA-7)Clete Donald Johnson Jr. (Democrat, GA-10)James Roy Rowland Jr. (Democrat, GA-8)Cynthia McKinney (Democrat, GA-11)Nathan Deal (Democrat, GA-9)John Lewis (Democrat, GA-5)Sanford D. Bishop, Jr. (Democrat, GA-2)Patsy Takemoto Mink (Democrat, HI-2)Neil Abercrombie (Democrat, HI-1)Neal Edward Smith (Democrat, IA-4)Larry LaRocco (Democrat, ID-1)Daniel David Rostenkowski (Democrat, IL-5)George Edward Sangmeister (Democrat, IL-11)Cardiss Collins (Democrat, IL-7)Mel Reynolds (Democrat, IL-2)Glenn Poshard (Democrat, IL-19)Sidney Richard Yates (Democrat, IL-9)William O. Lipinski (Democrat, IL-3)Lane A. Evans (Democrat, IL-17)Jerry F. Costello (Democrat, IL-12)Luis V. Gutiérrez (Democrat, IL-4)Bobby L. Rush (Democrat, IL-1)Richard J. Durbin (Democrat, IL-20)Jill Lynette Long Thompson (Democrat, IN-4)Francis Xavier McCloskey (Democrat, IN-8)Philip Riley Sharp (Democrat, IN-2)Andrew Jacobs Jr. (Democrat, IN-10)Lee Herbert Hamilton (Democrat, IN-9)Timothy Roemer (Democrat, IN-3)Peter J. Visclosky (Democrat, IN-1)Daniel Robert Glickman (Democrat, KS-4)James Charles Slattery (Democrat, KS-2)Thomas J. Barlow III (Democrat, KY-1)Romano Louis Mazzoli (Democrat, KY-3)Henry Scott Baesler (Democrat, KY-6)James Allison Hayes (Democrat, LA-7)William J. Tauzin (Democrat, LA-3)William J. Jefferson (Democrat, LA-2)Cleo Fields (Democrat, LA-4)Gerry Eastman Studds (Democrat, MA-10)Joseph Patrick Kennedy II (Democrat, MA-8)John Joseph Moakley (Democrat, MA-9)Martin T. Meehan (Democrat, MA-5)Barney Frank (Democrat, MA-4)John W. Olver (Democrat, MA-1)Edward J. Markey (Democrat, MA-7)Richard E. Neal (Democrat, MA-2)Albert Russell Wynn (Democrat, MD-4)Benjamin L. Cardin (Democrat, MD-3)Steny H. Hoyer (Democrat, MD-5)Kweisi Mfume (Democrat, MD-7)Thomas Hiram Andrews (Democrat, ME-1)Milton Robert Carr (Democrat, MI-8)William David Ford (Democrat, MI-13)Barbara-Rose Collins (Democrat, MI-15)James A. Barcia (Democrat, MI-5)David E. Bonior (Democrat, MI-10)Bart T. Stupak (Democrat, MI-1)Dale E. Kildee (Democrat, MI-9)John D. Dingell (Democrat, MI-16)John Conyers, Jr. (Democrat, MI-14)Sander M. Levin (Democrat, MI-12)Timothy Joseph Penny (Democrat, MN-1)David Minge (Democrat, MN-2)Bruce F. Vento (Democrat, MN-4)Martin Olav Sabo (Democrat, MN-5)James L. Oberstar (Democrat, MN-8)Collin C. Peterson (Democrat, MN-7)Alan Dupree Wheat (Democrat, MO-5)Harold Lee Volkmer (Democrat, MO-9)William Lacy Clay Sr. (Democrat, MO-1)Pat Danner (Democrat, MO-6)Richard Andrew Gephardt (Democrat, MO-3)Ike Skelton (Democrat, MO-4)Jamie Lloyd Whitten (Democrat, MS-1)Gillespie V. Montgomery (Democrat, MS-3)Michael Parker (Democrat, MS-4)Gene Taylor (Democrat, MS-5)Bennie G. Thompson (Democrat, MS-2)John Patrick Williams (Democrat, MT-1)H. Martin Lancaster (Democrat, NC-3)Stephen Lybrook Neal (Democrat, NC-5)Itimous Thaddeus, Jr., Valentine (Democrat, NC-2)Charles Grandison Rose III (Democrat, NC-7)Willie Gathrel Hefner (Democrat, NC-8)Eva Clayton (Democrat, NC-1)Melvin L. Watt (Democrat, NC-12)David E. Price (Democrat, NC-4)Earl Ralph Pomeroy (Democrat, ND-AL)Peter D. Hoagland (Democrat, NE-2)Richard Swett (Democrat, NH-2)William John Hughes (Democrat, NJ-2)Herbert C. Klein (Democrat, NJ-8)Robert Torricelli (Democrat, NJ-9)Donald M. Payne (Democrat, NJ-10)Robert E. Andrews (Democrat, NJ-1)Robert Menendez (Democrat, NJ-13)Frank Pallone, Jr. (Democrat, NJ-6)William Blaine Richardson (Democrat, NM-3)James Hubert Bilbray (Democrat, NV-1)George Joseph Hochbrueckner (Democrat, NY-1)Floyd Harold Flake (Democrat, NY-6)Thomas J. Manton (Democrat, NY-7)John J. LaFalce (Democrat, NY-29)Major R. Owens (Democrat, NY-11)Michael R. McNulty (Democrat, NY-21)Gary L. Ackerman (Democrat, NY-5)Maurice D. Hinchey (Democrat, NY-26)Edolphus Towns (Democrat, NY-10)Charles B. Rangel (Democrat, NY-15)Louise McIntosh Slaughter (Democrat, NY-28)Eliot L. Engel (Democrat, NY-17)Nita M. Lowey (Democrat, NY-18)José E. Serrano (Democrat, NY-16)Carolyn B. Maloney (Democrat, NY-14)Jerrold Nadler (Democrat, NY-8)Charles E. Schumer (Democrat, NY-9)Nydia M. Velázquez (Democrat, NY-12)Douglas Earl Applegate (Democrat, OH-18)Eric D. Fingerhut (Democrat, OH-19)David Scott Mann (Democrat, OH-1)Louis Stokes (Democrat, OH-11)Tony P. Hall (Democrat, OH-3)Thomas C. Sawyer (Democrat, OH-14)James A. Traficant Jr. (Democrat, OH-17)Ted Strickland (Democrat, OH-6)Sherrod Brown (Democrat, OH-13)Marcy Kaptur (Democrat, OH-9)David Keith McCurdy (Democrat, OK-4)Michael Lynn Synar (Democrat, OK-2)William K. Brewster (Democrat, OK-3)Michael J. Kopetski (Democrat, OR-5)Elizabeth Furse (Democrat, OR-1)Peter A. DeFazio (Democrat, OR-4)Ron Wyden (Democrat, OR-3)Lucien Edward Blackwell (Democrat, PA-2)Marjorie Margolies-Mezvinsky (Democrat, PA-13)Austin John Murphy (Democrat, PA-20)Thomas Michael Foglietta (Democrat, PA-1)Paul F. McHale Jr. (Democrat, PA-15)Ron Klink (Democrat, PA-4)Robert A. Borski (Democrat, PA-3)William J. Coyne (Democrat, PA-14)Paul E. Kanjorski (Democrat, PA-11)John P. Murtha (Democrat, PA-12)Tim Holden (Democrat, PA-6)Jack Reed (Democrat, RI-2)Butler Carson Derrick Jr. (Democrat, SC-3)John McKee Spratt Jr. (Democrat, SC-5)James E. Clyburn (Democrat, SC-6)Tim Johnson (Democrat, SD-AL)Marilyn Laird Lloyd (Democrat, TN-3)Harold Eugene Ford (Democrat, TN-9)Robert Clement (Democrat, TN-5)Barton Jennings Gordon (Democrat, TN-6)John S. Tanner (Democrat, TN-8)Jim Cooper (Democrat, TN-4)Michael Allen Andrews (Democrat, TX-25)Jack Bascom Brooks (Democrat, TX-9)James Jarrell Pickle (Democrat, TX-10)William Sarpalius (Democrat, TX-13)Craig Anthony Washington (Democrat, TX-18)John Wiley Bryant (Democrat, TX-5)Jim Chapman (Democrat, TX-1)Ronald D’Emory Coleman (Democrat, TX-16)Preston M. Geren (Democrat, TX-12)Gregory H. Laughlin (Democrat, TX-14)Charles Wilson (Democrat, TX-2)Eligio II de la Garza (Democrat, TX-15)Henry Barbosa González (Democrat, TX-20)Frank Mariano Tejeda (Democrat, TX-28)Jonas Frost III (Democrat, TX-24)Charles W. Stenholm (Democrat, TX-17)Thomas Edwards (Democrat, TX-11)Solomon P. Ortiz (Democrat, TX-27)Ralph M. Hall (Democrat, TX-4)Gene Green (Democrat, TX-29)Eddie Bernice Johnson (Democrat, TX-30)Karen Shepherd (Democrat, UT-2)William Orton (Democrat, UT-3)Leslie Larkin Byrne (Democrat, VA-11)Lewis Franklin Payne Jr. (Democrat, VA-5)Owen B. Pickett (Democrat, VA-2)Norman Sisisky (Democrat, VA-4)Frederick C. Boucher (Democrat, VA-9)James P. Moran (Democrat, VA-8)Robert C. "Bobby" Scott (Democrat, VA-3)Thomas Stephen Foley (Democrat, WA-5)Myron Bradford Kreidler (Democrat, WA-9)Allan Byron Swift (Democrat, WA-2)Jolene Unsoeld (Democrat, WA-3)Jay Inslee (Democrat, WA-4)Norman D. Dicks (Democrat, WA-6)Jim McDermott (Democrat, WA-7)Maria Cantwell (Democrat, WA-1)Thomas M. Barrett (Democrat, WI-5)Gerald D. Kleczka (Democrat, WI-4)David Ross Obey (Democrat, WI-7)Peter William Barca (Democrat, WI-1)Robert E. Wise Jr. (Democrat, WV-2)Alan B. Mollohan (Democrat, WV-1)Nick J. Rahall II (Democrat, WV-3)Bernard Sanders (Independent, VT-AL)Don Young (Republican, AK-AL)H. L. Callahan (Republican, AL-1)Terry Everett (Republican, AL-2)Spencer Bachus (Republican, AL-6)Tim Hutchinson (Republican, AR-3)Jay Dickey (Republican, AR-4)Robert Stump (Republican, AZ-3)James T. Kolbe (Republican, AZ-5)Jon Kyl (Republican, AZ-4)Michael Huffington (Republican, CA-22)Alfred A. McCandless (Republican, CA-44)William P. Baker (Republican, CA-10)Robert Kenneth Dornan (Republican, CA-46)Carlos John Moorhead (Republican, CA-27)Jay Kim (Republican, CA-41)Ron Packard (Republican, CA-48)Stephen Horn (Republican, CA-38)C. Christopher Cox (Republican, CA-47)Randall H. Cunningham (Republican, CA-51)Richard W. Pombo (Republican, CA-11)William M. Thomas (Republican, CA-21)John T. Doolittle (Republican, CA-4)Duncan L. Hunter (Republican, CA-52)David Dreier (Republican, CA-28)Elton Gallegly (Republican, CA-23)Wally Herger (Republican, CA-2)Jerry Lewis (Republican, CA-40)Howard P. "Buck" McKeon (Republican, CA-25)Dana Rohrabacher (Republican, CA-45)Edward R. Royce (Republican, CA-39)Ken Calvert (Republican, CA-43)Daniel Schaefer (Republican, CO-6)Wayne A. Allard (Republican, CO-4)Scott McInnis (Republican, CO-3)Joel Hefley (Republican, CO-5)Gary A. Franks (Republican, CT-5)Nancy Lee Johnson (Republican, CT-6)Christopher H. Shays (Republican, CT-4)Michael N. Castle (Republican, DE-AL)Thomas F. Lewis (Republican, FL-16)Charles T. Canady (Republican, FL-12)Tillie K. Fowler (Republican, FL-4)Bill McCollum (Republican, FL-8)Dan Miller (Republican, FL-13)Porter J. Goss (Republican, FL-14)Michael Bilirakis (Republican, FL-9)E. Clay Shaw Jr. (Republican, FL-22)Lincoln Diaz-Balart (Republican, FL-21)Cliff Stearns (Republican, FL-6)C. W. Bill Young (Republican, FL-10)John L. Mica (Republican, FL-7)Ileana Ros-Lehtinen (Republican, FL-18)Newton Leroy Gingrich (Republican, GA-6)Michael Allen Collins (Republican, GA-3)John Linder (Republican, GA-4)Jack Kingston (Republican, GA-1)Frederick Lawrence Grandy (Republican, IA-5)James Ross Lightfoot (Republican, IA-3)James A. Leach (Republican, IA-1)James Allen Nussle (Republican, IA-2)Mike Crapo (Republican, ID-2)Robert Henry Michel (Republican, IL-18)Harris W. Fawell (Republican, IL-13)Thomas W. Ewing (Republican, IL-15)John Edward Porter (Republican, IL-10)Philip M. Crane (Republican, IL-8)Henry John Hyde (Republican, IL-6)J. Dennis Hastert (Republican, IL-14)Donald A. Manzullo (Republican, IL-16)John Thomas Myers (Republican, IN-7)Stephen E. Buyer (Republican, IN-5)Dan Burton (Republican, IN-6)Jan Meyers (Republican, KS-3)Pat Roberts (Republican, KS-1)Jim Bunning (Republican, KY-4)Harold Rogers (Republican, KY-5)Ron Lewis (Republican, KY-2)Robert Linligthgow Livingston Jr. (Republican, LA-1)Richard Hugh Baker (Republican, LA-6)James O. McCrery III (Republican, LA-5)Peter I. Blute (Republican, MA-3)Peter Gerard Torkildsen (Republican, MA-6)Helen Delich Bentley (Republican, MD-2)Constance Morella (Republican, MD-8)Wayne T. Gilchrest (Republican, MD-1)Roscoe G. Bartlett (Republican, MD-6)Olympia J. Snowe (Republican, ME-2)Nick Smith (Republican, MI-7)Joseph K. Knollenberg (Republican, MI-11)Peter Hoekstra (Republican, MI-2)Dave Camp (Republican, MI-4)Fred Upton (Republican, MI-6)Vernon J. Ehlers (Republican, MI-3)Rod Grams (Republican, MN-6)James M. Ramstad (Republican, MN-3)Norvell William Emerson (Republican, MO-8)Melton D. Hancock (Republican, MO-7)James M. Talent (Republican, MO-2)John Alexander, III McMillan (Republican, NC-9)Cass Ballenger (Republican, NC-10)Charles H. Taylor (Republican, NC-11)Howard Coble (Republican, NC-6)Bill Barrett (Republican, NE-3)Douglas K. Bereuter (Republican, NE-1)William H. Zeliff Jr. (Republican, NH-1)Dean Anderson Gallo (Republican, NJ-11)Richard Zimmer (Republican, NJ-12)Bob Franks (Republican, NJ-7)Marge Roukema (Republican, NJ-5)H. James Saxton (Republican, NJ-3)Christopher H. Smith (Republican, NJ-4)Steven Harvey Schiff (Republican, NM-1)Joseph Skeen (Republican, NM-2)Barbara Farrell Vucanovich (Republican, NV-2)Hamilton Fish Jr. (Republican, NY-19)David A. Levy (Republican, NY-4)Susan Molinari (Republican, NY-13)L. William Paxon (Republican, NY-27)Gerald Brooks Hunt Solomon (Republican, NY-22)Rick A. Lazio (Republican, NY-2)Benjamin Gilman (Republican, NY-20)Amory Houghton Jr. (Republican, NY-31)Jack Quinn (Republican, NY-30)Sherwood L. Boehlert (Republican, NY-23)James T. Walsh (Republican, NY-25)John M. McHugh (Republican, NY-24)Peter T. King (Republican, NY-3)Martin R. Hoke (Republican, OH-10)John R. Kasich (Republican, OH-12)Michael G. Oxley (Republican, OH-4)Paul E. Gillmor (Republican, OH-5)David Lee Hobson (Republican, OH-7)Deborah D. Pryce (Republican, OH-15)Ralph Regula (Republican, OH-16)John A. Boehner (Republican, OH-8)Rob Portman (Republican, OH-2)Ernest J. Istook Jr. (Republican, OK-5)Frank D. Lucas (Republican, OK-6)Steve Largent (Republican, OK-1)Robert Freeman Smith (Republican, OR-2)Thomas Joseph Ridge (Republican, PA-21)William Floyd Clinger Jr. (Republican, PA-5)Robert Smith Walker (Republican, PA-16)Joseph Michael McDade (Republican, PA-10)William F. Goodling (Republican, PA-19)George W. Gekas (Republican, PA-17)Richard J. Santorum (Republican, PA-18)Elmer Greinert Shuster (Republican, PA-9)James C. Greenwood (Republican, PA-8)W. Curtis Weldon (Republican, PA-7)Ronald K. Machtley (Republican, RI-1)Arthur Ravenel Jr. (Republican, SC-1)Floyd Spence (Republican, SC-2)Bob Inglis (Republican, SC-4)Donald Kenneth Sundquist (Republican, TN-7)James Henry Quillen (Republican, TN-1)John J. Duncan, Jr. (Republican, TN-2)Jack Milton Fields Jr. (Republican, TX-8)Bill Archer (Republican, TX-7)Richard K. Armey (Republican, TX-26)Larry Combest (Republican, TX-19)Henry Bonilla (Republican, TX-23)Thomas Dale DeLay (Republican, TX-22)Joe Barton (Republican, TX-6)Sam Johnson (Republican, TX-3)Lamar Smith (Republican, TX-21)James V. Hansen (Republican, UT-1)Herbert H. Bateman (Republican, VA-1)Tom Bliley (Republican, VA-7)Frank R. Wolf (Republican, VA-10)Bob Goodlatte (Republican, VA-6)Jennifer B. Dunn (Republican, WA-8)Steven Craig Gunderson (Republican, WI-3)Toby A. Roth (Republican, WI-8)Scott L. Klug (Republican, WI-2)Thomas E. Petri (Republican, WI-6)F. James Sensenbrenner, Jr. (Republican, WI-9)Craig Thomas (Republican, WY-AL)
116 new members · 115 departed · 319 served on both dates · women 29 → 47 · median age 54 → 53
31 state delegations changed
Show delegation changes
Alabama 5 D · 2 R
Alabama 4 D · 3 R
Arkansas 3 D · 1 R
Arkansas 2 D · 2 R
Arizona 1 D · 4 R
Arizona 3 D · 3 R
California 26 D · 19 R
California 30 D · 22 R
Colorado 3 D · 3 R
Colorado 2 D · 4 R
Delaware 1 D · 0 R
Delaware 0 D · 1 R
Florida 9 D · 10 R
Florida 10 D · 13 R
Georgia 9 D · 1 R
Georgia 7 D · 4 R
Iowa 2 D · 4 R
Iowa 1 D · 4 R
Idaho 2 D · 0 R
Idaho 1 D · 1 R
Illinois 15 D · 7 R
Illinois 12 D · 8 R
Indiana 8 D · 2 R
Indiana 7 D · 3 R
Kansas 2 D · 3 R
Kansas 2 D · 2 R
Kentucky 4 D · 3 R
Kentucky 3 D · 3 R
Louisiana 4 D · 4 R
Louisiana 4 D · 3 R
Massachusetts 11 D · 0 R
Massachusetts 8 D · 2 R
Maryland 5 D · 3 R
Maryland 4 D · 4 R
Michigan 11 D · 7 R
Michigan 10 D · 6 R
Montana 1 D · 1 R
Montana 1 D · 0 R
North Carolina 7 D · 4 R
North Carolina 8 D · 4 R
North Dakota 0 D · 0 R
North Dakota 1 D · 0 R
New Jersey 8 D · 6 R
New Jersey 7 D · 6 R
New York 21 D · 12 R · 1 other
New York 18 D · 13 R
Ohio 11 D · 10 R
Ohio 10 D · 9 R
Oklahoma 4 D · 2 R
Oklahoma 3 D · 3 R
Pennsylvania 11 D · 12 R
Pennsylvania 11 D · 10 R
South Carolina 4 D · 2 R
South Carolina 3 D · 3 R
Texas 19 D · 8 R
Texas 21 D · 9 R
Virginia 6 D · 4 R
Virginia 7 D · 4 R
Washington 5 D · 3 R
Washington 8 D · 1 R
West Virginia 4 D · 0 R
West Virginia 3 D · 0 R
Who joined and who left (116 in · 115 out)
Earl F. Hilliard D
Alabama-7
Terry Everett R
Alabama-2
Spencer Bachus R
Alabama-6
Tim Hutchinson R
Arkansas-3
Jay Dickey R
Arkansas-4
Blanche Lambert Lincoln D
Arkansas-1
Samuel G. Coppersmith D
Arizona-1
Karan English D
Arizona-6
Daniel Hamburg D
California-1
Michael Huffington R
California-22
Lynn Schenk D
California-49
William P. Baker R
California-10
Walter R. Tucker III D
California-37
Jay Kim R
California-41
Stephen Horn R
California-38
Richard W. Pombo R
California-11
Jane Harman D
California-36
Bob Filner D
California-50
Lynn C. Woolsey D
California-6
Howard P. "Buck" McKeon R
California-25
Xavier Becerra D
California-30
Edward R. Royce R
California-39
Lucille Roybal-Allard D
California-33
Anna G. Eshoo D
California-14
Ken Calvert R
California-43
Sam Farr D
California-17
Scott McInnis R
Colorado-3
Michael N. Castle R
Delaware-AL
Charles T. Canady R
Florida-12
Tillie K. Fowler R
Florida-4
Carrie Meek D
Florida-17
Dan Miller R
Florida-13
Karen Thurman D
Florida-5
Peter Deutsch D
Florida-20
Lincoln Diaz-Balart R
Florida-21
Corrine Brown D
Florida-3
John L. Mica R
Florida-7
Alcee L. Hastings D
Florida-23
Clete Donald Johnson Jr. D
Georgia-10
Michael Allen Collins R
Georgia-3
Cynthia McKinney D
Georgia-11
Nathan Deal D
Georgia-9
John Linder R
Georgia-4
Jack Kingston R
Georgia-1
Sanford D. Bishop, Jr. D
Georgia-2
Mike Crapo R
Idaho-2
Mel Reynolds D
Illinois-2
Donald A. Manzullo R
Illinois-16
Luis V. Gutiérrez D
Illinois-4
Bobby L. Rush D
Illinois-1
Stephen E. Buyer R
Indiana-5
Thomas J. Barlow III D
Kentucky-1
Henry Scott Baesler D
Kentucky-6
Ron Lewis R
Kentucky-2
Cleo Fields D
Louisiana-4
Peter I. Blute R
Massachusetts-3
Peter Gerard Torkildsen R
Massachusetts-6
Martin T. Meehan D
Massachusetts-5
Albert Russell Wynn D
Maryland-4
Roscoe G. Bartlett R
Maryland-6
James A. Barcia D
Michigan-5
Nick Smith R
Michigan-7
Joseph K. Knollenberg R
Michigan-11
Peter Hoekstra R
Michigan-2
Bart T. Stupak D
Michigan-1
Vernon J. Ehlers R
Michigan-3
Rod Grams R
Minnesota-6
David Minge D
Minnesota-2
Pat Danner D
Missouri-6
James M. Talent R
Missouri-2
Bennie G. Thompson D
Mississippi-2
Melvin L. Watt D
North Carolina-12
Earl Ralph Pomeroy D
North Dakota-AL
Herbert C. Klein D
New Jersey-8
Bob Franks R
New Jersey-7
Robert Menendez D
New Jersey-13
David A. Levy R
New York-4
Rick A. Lazio R
New York-2
Jack Quinn R
New York-30
John M. McHugh R
New York-24
Maurice D. Hinchey D
New York-26
Peter T. King R
New York-3
Carolyn B. Maloney D
New York-14
Nydia M. Velázquez D
New York-12
Eric D. Fingerhut D
Ohio-19
David Scott Mann D
Ohio-1
Martin R. Hoke R
Ohio-10
Ted Strickland D
Ohio-6
Deborah D. Pryce R
Ohio-15
Sherrod Brown D
Ohio-13
Rob Portman R
Ohio-2
Ernest J. Istook Jr. R
Oklahoma-5
Frank D. Lucas R
Oklahoma-6
Steve Largent R
Oklahoma-1
Elizabeth Furse D
Oregon-1
Marjorie Margolies-Mezvinsky D
Pennsylvania-13
Paul F. McHale Jr. D
Pennsylvania-15
Ron Klink D
Pennsylvania-4
James C. Greenwood R
Pennsylvania-8
Tim Holden D
Pennsylvania-6
Bob Inglis R
South Carolina-4
James E. Clyburn D
South Carolina-6
Frank Mariano Tejeda D
Texas-28
Henry Bonilla R
Texas-23
Gene Green D
Texas-29
Eddie Bernice Johnson D
Texas-30
Karen Shepherd D
Utah-2
Leslie Larkin Byrne D
Virginia-11
Bob Goodlatte R
Virginia-6
Robert C. "Bobby" Scott D
Virginia-3
Myron Bradford Kreidler D
Washington-9
Jennifer B. Dunn R
Washington-8
Jay Inslee D
Washington-4
Maria Cantwell D
Washington-1
Thomas M. Barrett D
Wisconsin-5
Peter William Barca D
Wisconsin-1
William Louis Dickinson R
Alabama-2
Ben Erdreich D
Alabama-6
Claude Harris Jr. D
Alabama-7
William Vollie Alexander Jr. D
Arkansas-1
Beryl Franklin Anthony Jr. D
Arkansas-4
John Paul Hammerschmidt R
Arkansas-3
John Jacob Rhodes III R
Arizona-1
Glenn Malcolm Anderson D
California-32
William Edwin Dannemeyer R
California-39
Mervyn Malcolm Dymally D
California-31
Robert John Lagomarsino R
California-19
Meldon Edises Levine D
California-27
William David Lowery R
California-41
Edward Ross Roybal D
California-25
Leon Edward Panetta D
California-16
Frank D. Riggs R
California-1
Tom Campbell R
California-12
Barbara Boxer D
California-6
Ben Nighthorse Campbell D
Colorado-3
Thomas R. Carper D
Delaware-AL
Charles Edward Bennett D
Florida-3
Dante Bruno Fascell D
Florida-19
Andrew Poysell Ireland R
Florida-10
Craig T. James R
Florida-4
William Lehman D
Florida-17
Lawrence Jack Smith D
Florida-16
Druie Douglas Barnard Jr. D
Georgia-10
Charles Floyd Hatcher D
Georgia-2
Edgar Lanier Jenkins D
Georgia-9
Ben Jones D
Georgia-4
Richard Belmont Ray D
Georgia-3
Robert Lindsay Thomas D
Georgia-1
David Ray Nagle D
Iowa-3
Richard Howard Stallings D
Idaho-2
Frank Annunzio D
Illinois-11
Terry Lee Bruce D
Illinois-19
John W. Cox Jr. D
Illinois-16
Charles Arthur Hayes D
Illinois-1
Martin Anthony Russo D
Illinois-3
Gus Savage D
Illinois-2
James Prather Jontz D
Indiana-5
Richard Nichols R
Kansas-5
Larry Jones Hopkins R
Kentucky-6
Carroll Hubbard Jr. D
Kentucky-1
Carl Christopher Perkins D
Kentucky-7
William Huston Natcher D
Kentucky-2
Clyde Cecil Holloway R
Louisiana-8
Thomas Jerald Huckaby D
Louisiana-5
Chester Greenough Atkins D
Massachusetts-5
Brian Joseph Donnelly D
Massachusetts-11
Joseph Daniel Early D
Massachusetts-3
Nicholas James Mavroules D
Massachusetts-6
Beverly Barton Butcher Byron D
Maryland-6
Charles Thomas McMillen D
Maryland-4
William S. Broomfield R
Michigan-18
Robert William Davis R
Michigan-11
Dennis Mark Hertel D
Michigan-14
Carl Duane Pursell R
Michigan-2
Jerome Bob Traxler D
Michigan-8
Guy Adrian Vander Jagt R
Michigan-9
Howard Eliot Wolpe III D
Michigan-3
Paul B. Henry R
Michigan-5
Gerald Edward Sikorski D
Minnesota-6
John Vincent Weber R
Minnesota-2
Earl Thomas Coleman R
Missouri-6
Joan Kelly Horn D
Missouri-2
Albert Michael Espy D
Mississippi-2
Ronald Charles Marlenee R
Montana-2
Bernard James Dwyer D
New Jersey-6
Frank Joseph Guarini Jr. D
New Jersey-14
Matthew John Rinaldo R
New Jersey-7
Robert A. Roe D
New Jersey-8
Thomas Joseph Downey D
New York-2
Sedgwick William Green R
New York-15
Frank Jefferson Horton R
New York-29
Norman Frederick Lent RC
New York-4
David O’Brien Martin R
New York-26
Raymond Joseph McGrath R
New York-5
Matthew Francis McHugh D
New York-28
Robert Jan Mrazek D
New York-3
Henry James Nowak D
New York-33
James Haas Scheuer D
New York-8
Stephen Joshua Solarz D
New York-13
Dennis Edward Eckart D
Ohio-11
Edward Farrell Feighan D
Ohio-19
Charles J. Luken D
Ohio-1
Bob McEwen R
Ohio-6
Clarence E. Miller R
Ohio-10
Mary Rose Oakar D
Ohio-20
Donald James Pease D
Ohio-13
Chalmers Pangburn Wylie R
Ohio-15
Willis David Gradison Jr. R
Ohio-2
Marvin Henry Edwards R
Oklahoma-5
Glenn Lee English Jr. D
Oklahoma-6
James M. Inhofe R
Oklahoma-1
Les AuCoin D
Oregon-1
Robert Lawrence Coughlin R
Pennsylvania-13
Joseph Matthew Gaydos D
Pennsylvania-20
Joseph Paul Kolter D
Pennsylvania-4
Peter Houston Kostmayer D
Pennsylvania-8
Donald Lawrence Ritter R
Pennsylvania-15
Richard Taylor Schulze R
Pennsylvania-5
Gus Yatron D
Pennsylvania-6
Elizabeth J. Patterson D
South Carolina-4
Robert Mooneyhan Tallon Jr. D
South Carolina-6
Albert Garza Bustamante D
Texas-23
Douglas Wayne Owens D
Utah-2
James R. Olin D
Virginia-6
George Felix Allen R
Virginia-7
Rodney Dennis Chandler R
Washington-8
John Ripin Miller R
Washington-1
Sidney Wallace Morrison R
Washington-4
Jim Moody D
Wisconsin-5
Leslie Aspin D
Wisconsin-1
Harley Orrin Staggers Jr. D
West Virginia-2
legislative/lawsLaws enacted
+465Congress.gov ↗
465 public laws enacted · 0 landmark · 26 notable · 318 routine · 121 ceremonial
Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993
Pub. L. 103-3 · Feb 5, 1993
National Voter Registration Act of 1993
Pub. L. 103-31 · May 20, 1993
Government Performance and Results Act of 1993
Pub. L. 103-62 · Aug 3, 1993
Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1993
Pub. L. 103-66 · Aug 10, 1993
Middle East Peace Facilitation Act of 1993
Pub. L. 103-125 · Oct 28, 1993
Religious Freedom Restoration Act of 1993
Pub. L. 103-141 · Nov 16, 1993
International Parental Kidnapping Crime Act of 1993
Pub. L. 103-173 · Dec 2, 1993
FRIENDSHIP Act of 1993
Pub. L. 103-199 · Dec 17, 1993
Freedom of Access to Clinic Entrances Act of 1994
Pub. L. 103-259 · May 26, 1994
Telemarketing and Consumer Fraud and Abuse Prevention Act
Pub. L. 103-297 · Aug 16, 1994
Show 16 more notable laws
General Aviation Revitalization Act of 1994
Pub. L. 103-298 · Aug 17, 1994
Commemorative Works Act
Pub. L. 103-321 · Aug 26, 1994
Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994
Pub. L. 103-322 · Sep 13, 1994
Riegle-Neal Interstate Banking and Branching Efficiency Act of 1994
Pub. L. 103-328 · Sep 29, 1994
Uniformed Services Employment and Re-employment Rights Act of 1994
Pub. L. 103-353 · Oct 13, 1994
Federal Crop Insurance Reform and Department of Agriculture Reorganization Act of 1994
Pub. L. 103-354 · Oct 13, 1994
Federal Acquisition Streamlining Act of 1994
Pub. L. 103-355 · Oct 13, 1994
Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1995
Pub. L. 103-359 · Oct 14, 1994
Improving America's Schools Act of 1994
Pub. L. 103-382 · Oct 20, 1994
Sheep Promotion, Research, and Information Act of 1994
Pub. L. 103-407 · Oct 22, 1994
Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act
Pub. L. 103-414 · Oct 25, 1994
Immigration and Nationality Technical Corrections Act of 1994
Pub. L. 103-416 · Oct 25, 1994
Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994
Pub. L. 103-417 · Oct 25, 1994
California Desert Protection Act of 1994
Pub. L. 103-433 · Oct 31, 1994
Healthy Meals for Healthy Americans Act of 1994
Pub. L. 103-448 · Nov 2, 1994
Uruguay Round Agreements Act
Pub. L. 103-465 · Dec 8, 1994

Judicial3 files+332−2

judicial/supreme-courtThe Supreme Court
+2−2Federal Judicial Center ↗
Bench by appointing party: 8 R · 1 D → 7 R · 2 D · every justice ↗
Byron Raymond White D
appointed by John F. Kennedy · 1962
Harry Andrew Blackmun R
appointed by Richard M. Nixon · 1970
Ruth Bader Ginsburg D
appointed by William J. Clinton · 1993
Stephen Gerald Breyer D
appointed by William J. Clinton · 1994
7 justices served on both dates
John Paul Stevens R
appointed by Gerald Ford · 1975
Sandra Day O'Connor R
appointed by Ronald Reagan · 1981
William Hubbs Rehnquist R
appointed by Ronald Reagan · 1986
Antonin Scalia R
appointed by Ronald Reagan · 1986
Anthony McLeod Kennedy R
appointed by Ronald Reagan · 1988
David Hackett Souter R
appointed by George H.W. Bush · 1990
Clarence Thomas R
appointed by George H.W. Bush · 1991
judicial/lower-courtsAppeals & district courts
+131Federal Judicial Center ↗
Courts of appeals (active judges): 117 R · 37 D · 13 N( → 111 R · 46 D · 11 N(
District courts (active judges): 424 R · 129 D · 1 N( → 395 R · 204 D
William J. Clinton D appointed 131 judges
2 Supreme Court · 19 appeals · 110 district
D and R describe the party of the appointing president, not the judge. Active service ends when a judge takes senior status.
judicial/rulingsSupreme Court decisions
+199Supreme Court Database ↗
199 argued decisions · 3 landmark
United States v. Dixon
509 U.S. 688 · Jun 28, 1993 · Decided 5–4 · Criminal Procedure · Affirmed in part, reversed in part, remanded · Overruled precedent
Nichols v. United States
511 U.S. 738 · Jun 6, 1994 · Decided 6–3 · Criminal Procedure · Affirmed · Overruled precedent
Director v. Greenwich Collieries
512 U.S. 267 · Jun 20, 1994 · Decided 6–3 · Economic Activity · Affirmed · Overruled precedent
Landmark means the Court overruled precedent, struck down a federal law, or the case is on a curated landmark list.

Fiscal2 files±0

fiscal/budgetThe federal budget
+3.1% real spendingOMB Historical Tables ↗
Fiscal year 1993 → fiscal year 1995 · inflation-adjusted with the GDP price index
Spending $1.41T
FY1993
Spending $1.52T
FY1995 · +7.5% nominal · +3.1% after inflation
Revenue $1.15T
FY1993
Revenue $1.35T
FY1995 · +17% nominal · +12% after inflation
Surplus / deficit −$255B
FY1993
Surplus / deficit −$164B
FY1995 · +$91.1B
Spending, % of GDP 20.8%
FY1993
Spending, % of GDP 20.0%
FY1995 · −0.8 pts
Debt held by the public, % of GDP 47.9%
FY1993
Debt held by the public, % of GDP 47.7%
FY1995 · −0.2 pts
Spending by function · real change
Social Security
$305B → $336B · +5.7%
National Defense
$291B → $272B · −10%
Net interest
$199B → $232B · +12%
Income Security
$210B → $224B · +2.1%
Medicare
$131B → $160B · +17%
Health
$99.3B → $115B · +11%
Education, Training, Employment, and Social Services
$47.5B → $51.1B · +3.1%
Transportation
$35.0B → $39.4B · +7.7%
Veterans Benefits and Services
$35.7B → $37.9B · +1.8%
Natural Resources and Environment
$20.2B → $21.9B · +3.7%
General Science, Space, and Technology
$17.0B → $16.7B · −5.9%
Administration of Justice
$15.2B → $16.5B · +4.1%
International Affairs
$17.2B → $16.4B · −8.6%
General Government
$12.9B → $13.8B · +2.2%
Community and Regional Development
$9.1B → $10.7B · +13%
Agriculture
$20.1B → $9.7B · −54%
fiscal/debtTotal public debt outstanding
+$736BTreasury Fiscal Data ↗
$4.06T
as of Sep 30, 1992
$4.80T
as of Dec 30, 1994

Constitution & Union1 file±0

constitution/amendmentsAmendments & statehood
±0National Archives ↗
27 → 27 amendments in force · 50 → 50 states
No amendments ratified and no states admitted. The last amendment was the 27th, in 1992.

Reverts1 file−9

revert/undoneWhat was undone
−9Federal Register · Congress.gov · SCDB ↗
6 executive orders revoked or superseded · 0 rules struck down by Congress · 3 Supreme Court precedents overruled
Clinton revoked 6 orders: 6 by themselves
EO 12923 Continuation of Export Control Regulations
signed Jun 30, 1994 by Clinton · revoked Aug 19, 1994 by EO 12924 (Clinton)
EO 12914 Prohibiting Certain Transactions With Respect to Haiti
signed May 7, 1994 by Clinton · revoked Oct 14, 1994 by EO 12932 (Clinton)
EO 12917 Prohibiting Certain Transactions With Respect to Haiti
signed May 21, 1994 by Clinton · revoked Oct 14, 1994 by EO 12932 (Clinton)
EO 12920 Prohibiting Certain Transactions With Respect to Haiti
signed Jun 10, 1994 by Clinton · revoked Oct 14, 1994 by EO 12932 (Clinton)
EO 12930 Measures To Restrict the Participation by United States Persons in Weapons Proliferation Activities
signed Sep 29, 1994 by Clinton · revoked Nov 14, 1994 by EO 12938 (Clinton)
EO 12922 Blocking Property of Certain Haitian Nationals
signed Jun 21, 1994 by Clinton · revoked Oct 14, 1994 by EO 12932 (Clinton)
3 decisions that overruled precedent
United States v. Dixon
Jun 28, 1993 · 5-4 · Criminal Procedure
Nichols v. United States
Jun 6, 1994 · 6-3 · Criminal Procedure
Director v. Greenwich Collieries
Jun 20, 1994 · 6-3 · Economic Activity
Revocations are full revocations or supersessions recorded in the Federal Register (partial amendments aren't counted), and those records begin in 1994. Congressional Review Act disapprovals are identified by title. Laws repealed outright aren't tracked yet. Agencies abolished are in the Executive section.

Log1 file±0

logEverything in between
38 events
William Jefferson Clinton takes office · 1993-01-20Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993 · 1993-02-05National Voter Registration Act of 1993 · 1993-05-20United States v. Dixon · 1993-06-28Government Performance and Results Act of 1993 · 1993-08-03Ruth Bader Ginsburg — Associate Justice · 1993-08-05Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1993 · 1993-08-10Middle East Peace Facilitation Act of 1993 · 1993-10-28Religious Freedom Restoration Act of 1993 · 1993-11-16International Parental Kidnapping Crime Act of 1993 · 1993-12-02FRIENDSHIP Act of 1993 · 1993-12-17Energy Efficiency and Water Conservation at Federal Facilities · 1994-03-08Freedom of Access to Clinic Entrances Act of 1994 · 1994-05-26National Defense Industrial Resources Preparedness · 1994-06-03Nichols v. United States · 1994-06-06Director v. Greenwich Collieries · 1994-06-20Stephen Gerald Breyer — Associate Justice · 1994-08-03Telemarketing and Consumer Fraud and Abuse Prevention Act · 1994-08-16General Aviation Revitalization Act of 1994 · 1994-08-17Commemorative Works Act · 1994-08-26Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994 · 1994-09-13Riegle-Neal Interstate Banking and Branching Efficiency Act of 1994 · 1994-09-29Uniformed Services Employment and Re-employment Rights Act of 1994 · 1994-10-13Federal Crop Insurance Reform and Department of Agriculture Reorganization Act of 1994 · 1994-10-13Federal Acquisition Streamlining Act of 1994 · 1994-10-13Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1995 · 1994-10-14Improving America's Schools Act of 1994 · 1994-10-20Sheep Promotion, Research, and Information Act of 1994 · 1994-10-22Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act · 1994-10-25Immigration and Nationality Technical Corrections Act of 1994 · 1994-10-25Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994 · 1994-10-25California Desert Protection Act of 1994 · 1994-10-31Healthy Meals for Healthy Americans Act of 1994 · 1994-11-02Amendments to the Manual for Courts-Martial, United States, 1984 · 1994-11-10Amendment to Civil Service Rule VI · 1994-11-28Uruguay Round Agreements Act · 1994-12-08Adjustments of Certain Rates of Pay and Allowances · 1994-12-28Administrative Conference of the United States · 1995-01-0119941995
  1. presidentWilliam Jefferson Clinton takes office
  2. lawFamily and Medical Leave Act of 1993
  3. lawNational Voter Registration Act of 1993
  4. rulingUnited States v. Dixon
  5. lawGovernment Performance and Results Act of 1993
  6. justiceRuth Bader Ginsburg — Associate Justice
  7. lawOmnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1993
  8. lawMiddle East Peace Facilitation Act of 1993
  9. lawReligious Freedom Restoration Act of 1993
  10. lawInternational Parental Kidnapping Crime Act of 1993
  11. lawFRIENDSHIP Act of 1993
  12. orderEnergy Efficiency and Water Conservation at Federal Facilities
  13. lawFreedom of Access to Clinic Entrances Act of 1994
  14. orderNational Defense Industrial Resources Preparedness
  15. rulingNichols v. United States
  16. rulingDirector v. Greenwich Collieries
  17. justiceStephen Gerald Breyer — Associate Justice
  18. lawTelemarketing and Consumer Fraud and Abuse Prevention Act
  19. lawGeneral Aviation Revitalization Act of 1994
  20. lawCommemorative Works Act
  21. lawViolent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994
  22. lawRiegle-Neal Interstate Banking and Branching Efficiency Act of 1994
  23. lawUniformed Services Employment and Re-employment Rights Act of 1994
  24. lawFederal Crop Insurance Reform and Department of Agriculture Reorganization Act of 1994
  25. lawFederal Acquisition Streamlining Act of 1994
  26. lawIntelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1995
  27. lawImproving America's Schools Act of 1994
  28. lawSheep Promotion, Research, and Information Act of 1994
  29. lawCommunications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act
  30. lawImmigration and Nationality Technical Corrections Act of 1994
  31. lawDietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994
  32. lawCalifornia Desert Protection Act of 1994
  33. lawHealthy Meals for Healthy Americans Act of 1994
  34. orderAmendments to the Manual for Courts-Martial, United States, 1984
  35. orderAmendment to Civil Service Rule VI
  36. lawUruguay Round Agreements Act
  37. orderAdjustments of Certain Rates of Pay and Allowances
  38. agency−Administrative Conference of the United States