How did the United States change between Jan 20, 1977 and Jan 19, 1981?

Pick two dates. See the laws, the executive orders, the courts, Congress, federal agencies, the Constitution and the budget, as a diff.

⇄
Trump II so farBiden termTrump I termObama termSince 9/11Since ReaganPostwar → now
$ civicdiff 1977-01-20..1981-01-19 # 4 years json
Laws enacted
+1,238
60 notable
Executive orders
—
records start in 1994
Final rules
—
records start in 1994
Supreme Court
0 of 9
seats changed hands
Agencies
+29 −7
departments & tracked agencies
Public debt
+$287B
$620B → $908B

The presidency passed from Gerald Rudolph Ford Jr. to James Earl Carter. Congress enacted 1,238 public laws. 38 senators and 157 representatives took seats that they did not hold before. Inflation-adjusted federal spending changed +20% (FY1977 → FY1981).

Executive

executive/presidentThe presidency
+1−1National Archives ↗
Gerald Rudolph Ford Jr. R
38th president
James Earl Carter D
39th president · took office Jan 20, 1977
executive/vice-presidentThe vice presidency
+1−1Senate Historical Office ↗
Nelson Aldrich Rockefeller R
Walter Frederick Mondale D
took office Jan 20, 1977
executive/cabinetCabinet & senior officials
+21−21Wikidata ↗
Secretary of State · 2 people took this office in between
Henry Kissinger R
David D. Newsom (acting)
Secretary of the Treasury · 2 people took this office in between
William E. Simon R
G. William Miller D
Secretary of Defense
Donald Rumsfeld R
Harold Brown D
Attorney General · 2 people took this office in between
Edward H. Levi R
vacant or abolished
Secretary of the Navy · 2 people took this office in between
J. William Middendorf II R
Edward Hidalgo D
Secretary of the Interior
Cecil D. Andrus D
Show 15 more cabinet offices
Secretary of Agriculture
Robert Bergland D
Secretary of Commerce
Elliot Richardson R
vacant or abolished
Secretary of Labor
William Usery R
vacant or abolished
Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare · 2 people took this office in between
F. David Mathews R
vacant or abolished
Secretary of Health and Human Services
office did not exist
Patricia Harris D
Secretary of Housing and Urban Development · 2 people took this office in between
Carla Anderson Hills R
Moon Landrieu D
Secretary of Transportation · 2 people took this office in between
Neil Goldschmidt D
Secretary of Energy · 2 people took this office in between
office did not exist
Charles Duncan, Jr. D
Secretary of Education
office did not exist
Shirley M. Hufstedler D
White House Chief of Staff · 2 people took this office in between
Dick Cheney R
Jack Watson D
Director of the Office of Management and Budget · 2 people took this office in between
James Thomas Lynn R
James T. McIntyre D
Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency
Russell E. Train R
Douglas M. Costle D
Ambassador to the United Nations · 2 people took this office in between
James E. Baker
Donald McHenry D
Director of Central Intelligence
George H. W. Bush R
Stansfield Turner D
U.S. Trade Representative
Frederick B. Dent R
vacant or abolished
Other senior officials (6 changed)
Secretary of the Navy · 2 people took this office in between
J. William Middendorf II R
Edward Hidalgo D
Chair of the Federal Reserve · 2 people took this office in between
Arthur Frank Burns R
Paul Volcker D
Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff
George Scratchley Brown
David C. Jones
Director of the FBI
Clarence M. Kelley R
William H. Webster R
National Security Advisor
Brent Scowcroft R
Zbigniew Brzezinski D
Solicitor General
Robert Bork R
vacant or abolished
executive/ordersExecutive orders
no dataFederal Register API ↗
Federal Register records of executive orders begin in 1994.
executive/nominationsSenate confirmations
±0Congress.gov ↗
30 civilian nominations received · 0 confirmed · 0 withdrawn · 0 returned to the President
Civilian nominations only (military promotions excluded). Top confirmations are cabinet-level posts, Supreme Court justices, and the Fed chair. Records start with the 97th Congress (1981).
executive/agenciesFederal agencies
+29−7Wikidata ↗
273 → 295 tracked organizations · 12 → 14 executive departments
United States Department of Energy department
established Aug 4, 1977 · cabinet-level department of the United States government
United States Department of Education department
established Oct 17, 1979 · U.S. federal government department concerning education
United States Department of Health and Human Services department
established May 4, 1980 · United States federal executive department
Federal Energy Regulatory Commission
established Oct 1, 1977 · independent agency of the United States federal government
Federal Labor Relations Authority
established Jan 1, 1978 · U.S. government agency
United States Merit Systems Protection Board
established Jan 1, 1979 · United States agency
United States Office of Special Counsel
established Jan 1, 1979 · Independent investigative and prosecutorial body of the United States federal government.
United States African Development Foundation
established Jan 1, 1980 · independent agency of the United States that provides grants to community groups and small enterprises that benefit under-served and marginalized groups in Africa
Office of Administration
established Dec 12, 1977 · U.S. federal organization within the Executive Office of the President
Bureau for International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs
established Jan 1, 1978 · U.S. State Department division
Show 26 more
National Institute on Disability, Independent Living, and Rehabilitation Research
established Jan 1, 1978 · United States governmental agency
National Telecommunications and Information Administration
established Jan 1, 1978 · U.S. government agency
Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council
established Jan 1, 1979 · U.S. regulatory body
Office of Economic Impact and Diversity
established Jan 1, 1979 · government organization in Washington D.C., United States
Office of Special Investigations
established Jan 1, 1979 · government agency (U.S Justice Department)
Office of the Secretary of Health and Human Services
established Jan 1, 1979 · government organization in Washington D.C., United States
Secret Service Counter Assault Team
established Jan 1, 1979 · specialized tactical unit of the U.S. Secret Service
Smithsonian Police
established Jan 1, 1979 · Guard force of the Smithsonian Institution
United States Bureau of Justice Statistics
established Jan 1, 1979 · U.S. criminal justice data
Federal Emergency Management Agency
established Apr 1, 1979 · United States disaster response agency, part of Department of Homeland Security
Office for Civil Rights
established Oct 19, 1979 · U.S. Department of Education office responsible for preventing discrimination in education
International Trade Administration
established Jan 2, 1980 · U.S. Department of Commerce agency that promotes the international trade and investment position of the United States
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry
established Dec 31, 1980 · United Stated federal agency division that responds to, and protects people from harmful chemical exposures
Defense Criminal Investigative Service
established Jan 1, 1981 · criminal investigative arm of the Office of the Inspector General, U.S. Department of Defense
Office of Workers' Compensation Programs
established Jan 1, 1981 · major disability compensation program in the United States of America
Veterans' Employment and Training Service
established Jan 1, 1981 · US government employment program
White House Television Office
established Jan 1, 1981
Human Nutrition Information Service
established Jan 1, 1981
United States Travel and Tourism Administration
established Jan 1, 1981 · US government agency (1981–1996)
United States Department of Health, Education, and Welfare department
abolished May 4, 1980 · defunct United States federal executive department · replaced by United States Department of Education,United States Department of Health and Human Services
Energy Research and Development Administration
abolished Oct 1, 1977 · predecessor to the United States Department of Energy · replaced by United States Department of Energy
Federal Renegotiation Board
abolished Mar 31, 1979 · former independent agency of the United States executive branch
Office of the Inspector General, Foreign Assistance
abolished Jul 1, 1978 · American government agency
Commission on Government Procurement
abolished Jan 1, 1979 · government commission
United States Travel Service
abolished Jan 1, 1981 · defunct portion of the United States Department of Commerce · replaced by United States Travel and Tourism Administration
Office of Economic Opportunity
abolished Jan 1, 1981 · US American government entity
Agency start and end dates come from Wikidata, which covers smaller bureaus unevenly.

Military

military/conflictsArmed conflicts
±0UCDP/PRIO Armed Conflict Dataset ↗
U.S. in 0 armed conflicts → 0
The U.S. was not a party to any armed conflict in this window.
An armed conflict here means at least 25 battle deaths in a year, with U.S. forces as a party or fighting for a government (UCDP's definition). Air strikes, raids, and advisory missions below that threshold aren't included. UN peacekeeping missions are excluded.

Legislative

legislative/controlControl of Congress
1 changeHouse History / Senate Historical Office ↗
Top: House · Bottom: Senate DemocraticRepublican
95th Congress → 97th Congress · 2 new Congresses elected
1 change of chamber control along the way
House: Democrat majority on both dates
291 D · 144 R → 241 D · 193 R
Senate: Democrat majority
62 D · 38 R
Senate: Republican majority
53 R · 47 D
legislative/senateSenate
+38−38congress-legislators ↗
Jan 20, 1977 · 61 D · 38 R · 1 I
Maurice Robert Gravel (Democrat, AK)John Jackson Sparkman (Democrat, AL)James Browning Allen (Democrat, AL)John Little McClellan (Democrat, AR)Dale Bumpers (Democrat, AR)Dennis Webster DeConcini (Democrat, AZ)Alan Cranston (Democrat, CA)Floyd Kirk Haskell (Democrat, CO)Gary Warren Hart (Democrat, CO)Abraham Alexander Ribicoff (Democrat, CT)Joseph R. Biden Jr. (Democrat, DE)Richard Bernard Stone (Democrat, FL)Lawton Mainor Chiles Jr. (Democrat, FL)Samuel Augustus Nunn (Democrat, GA)Herman Eugene Talmadge (Democrat, GA)Daniel K. Inouye (Democrat, HI)Spark Masayuki Matsunaga (Democrat, HI)Richard Clarence Clark (Democrat, IA)John Chester Culver (Democrat, IA)Frank Forrester Church (Democrat, ID)Adlai Ewing Stevenson III (Democrat, IL)Birch Evans Bayh (Democrat, IN)Walter Darlington Huddleston (Democrat, KY)Wendell Hampton Ford (Democrat, KY)John Bennett Johnston Jr. (Democrat, LA)Russell Billiu Long (Democrat, LA)Edward M. Kennedy (Democrat, MA)Paul S. Sarbanes (Democrat, MD)William Dodd Hathaway (Democrat, ME)Edmund Sixtus Muskie (Democrat, ME)Donald Wayne Riegle Jr. (Democrat, MI)Wendell Richard Anderson (Democrat, MN)Hubert Horatio Humphrey Jr. (Democrat, MN)Thomas Francis Eagleton (Democrat, MO)James Oliver Eastland (Democrat, MS)John Cornelius Stennis (Democrat, MS)Lee Warren Metcalf (Democrat, MT)John Melcher (Democrat, MT)Robert Burren Morgan (Democrat, NC)Quentin Northrup Burdick (Democrat, ND)Edward Zorinsky (Democrat, NE)Thomas James McIntyre (Democrat, NH)John Anthony Durkin (Democrat, NH)Harrison Arlington Williams Jr. (Democrat, NJ)Howard Walter Cannon (Democrat, NV)Daniel Patrick Moynihan (Democrat, NY)John Herschel Glenn Jr. (Democrat, OH)Howard Morton Metzenbaum (Democrat, OH)Claiborne de Borda Pell (Democrat, RI)Ernest F. Hollings (Democrat, SC)James George Abourezk (Democrat, SD)George Stanley McGovern (Democrat, SD)James Ralph Sasser (Democrat, TN)Lloyd Millard Bentsen Jr. (Democrat, TX)Patrick J. Leahy (Democrat, VT)Warren Grant Magnuson (Democrat, WA)Henry Martin Jackson (Democrat, WA)Gaylord Anton Nelson (Democrat, WI)William Proxmire (Democrat, WI)Jennings Randolph (Democrat, WV)Robert C. Byrd (Democrat, WV)Harry Flood Byrd Jr. (Independent, VA)Ted F. Stevens (Republican, AK)Barry Morris Goldwater (Republican, AZ)Samuel Ichiye Hayakawa (Republican, CA)Lowell Palmer Weicker Jr. (Republican, CT)William V. Roth Jr. (Republican, DE)James Albertus McClure (Republican, ID)Charles Harting Percy (Republican, IL)Richard G. Lugar (Republican, IN)James Blackwood Pearson (Republican, KS)Robert Joseph Dole (Republican, KS)Edward William Brooke III (Republican, MA)Charles McCurdy Mathias Jr. (Republican, MD)Robert Paul Griffin (Republican, MI)John Claggett Danforth (Republican, MO)Jesse Helms (Republican, NC)Milton Ruben Young (Republican, ND)Carl Thomas Curtis (Republican, NE)Clifford Philip Case (Republican, NJ)Pete V. Domenici (Republican, NM)Harrison Hagan Schmitt (Republican, NM)Paul Dominque Laxalt (Republican, NV)Jacob Koppel Javits (Republican, NY)Dewey Follett Bartlett (Republican, OK)Henry Louis Bellmon (Republican, OK)Mark Odom Hatfield (Republican, OR)Robert William Packwood (Republican, OR)Richard Schultz Schweiker (Republican, PA)Henry John Heinz III (Republican, PA)John Hubbard Chafee (Republican, RI)J. Strom Thurmond (Republican, SC)Howard Henry Baker Jr. (Republican, TN)John Goodwin Tower (Republican, TX)Edwin Jacob Garn (Republican, UT)Orrin G. Hatch (Republican, UT)William Lloyd Scott (Republican, VA)Robert Theodore Stafford (Republican, VT)Clifford Peter Hansen (Republican, WY)Malcolm Wallop (Republican, WY)
Jan 19, 1981 · 53 R · 46 D · 1 I
Howell Thomas Heflin (Democrat, AL)David Hampton Pryor (Democrat, AR)Dale Bumpers (Democrat, AR)Dennis Webster DeConcini (Democrat, AZ)Alan Cranston (Democrat, CA)Gary Warren Hart (Democrat, CO)Christopher J. Dodd (Democrat, CT)Joseph R. Biden Jr. (Democrat, DE)Lawton Mainor Chiles Jr. (Democrat, FL)Samuel Augustus Nunn (Democrat, GA)Spark Masayuki Matsunaga (Democrat, HI)Daniel K. Inouye (Democrat, HI)Alan John Dixon (Democrat, IL)Walter Darlington Huddleston (Democrat, KY)Wendell Hampton Ford (Democrat, KY)John Bennett Johnston Jr. (Democrat, LA)Russell Billiu Long (Democrat, LA)Edward M. Kennedy (Democrat, MA)Paul Efthemios Tsongas (Democrat, MA)Paul S. Sarbanes (Democrat, MD)George John Mitchell (Democrat, ME)Donald Wayne Riegle Jr. (Democrat, MI)Carl Levin (Democrat, MI)Thomas Francis Eagleton (Democrat, MO)John Cornelius Stennis (Democrat, MS)John Melcher (Democrat, MT)Max Baucus (Democrat, MT)Quentin Northrup Burdick (Democrat, ND)Edward Zorinsky (Democrat, NE)J. James Exon (Democrat, NE)Harrison Arlington Williams Jr. (Democrat, NJ)William Warren Bradley (Democrat, NJ)Howard Walter Cannon (Democrat, NV)Daniel Patrick Moynihan (Democrat, NY)Howard Morton Metzenbaum (Democrat, OH)John Herschel Glenn Jr. (Democrat, OH)David Lyle Boren (Democrat, OK)Claiborne de Borda Pell (Democrat, RI)Ernest F. Hollings (Democrat, SC)James Ralph Sasser (Democrat, TN)Lloyd Millard Bentsen Jr. (Democrat, TX)Patrick J. Leahy (Democrat, VT)Henry Martin Jackson (Democrat, WA)William Proxmire (Democrat, WI)Robert C. Byrd (Democrat, WV)Jennings Randolph (Democrat, WV)Harry Flood Byrd Jr. (Independent, VA)Ted F. Stevens (Republican, AK)Frank H. Murkowski (Republican, AK)Jeremiah Andrew Denton Jr. (Republican, AL)Barry Morris Goldwater (Republican, AZ)Samuel Ichiye Hayakawa (Republican, CA)William Lester Armstrong (Republican, CO)Lowell Palmer Weicker Jr. (Republican, CT)William V. Roth Jr. (Republican, DE)Paula Hawkins (Republican, FL)Mack Francis Mattingly (Republican, GA)Roger William Jepsen (Republican, IA)Chuck Grassley (Republican, IA)James Albertus McClure (Republican, ID)Steven Douglas Symms (Republican, ID)Charles Harting Percy (Republican, IL)Richard G. Lugar (Republican, IN)James Danforth Quayle (Republican, IN)Nancy Landon Kassebaum (Republican, KS)Robert Joseph Dole (Republican, KS)Charles McCurdy Mathias Jr. (Republican, MD)William Sebastian Cohen (Republican, ME)David Ferdinand Durenberger (Republican, MN)Rudolph Eli Boschwitz (Republican, MN)John Claggett Danforth (Republican, MO)Thad Cochran (Republican, MS)Jesse Helms (Republican, NC)John Porter East (Republican, NC)Mark Andrews (Republican, ND)Gordon John Humphrey (Republican, NH)Warren Bruce Rudman (Republican, NH)Harrison Hagan Schmitt (Republican, NM)Pete V. Domenici (Republican, NM)Paul Dominque Laxalt (Republican, NV)Alfonse Marcello D’Amato (Republican, NY)Don Nickles (Republican, OK)Mark Odom Hatfield (Republican, OR)Robert William Packwood (Republican, OR)Henry John Heinz III (Republican, PA)Arlen Specter (Republican, PA)John Hubbard Chafee (Republican, RI)J. Strom Thurmond (Republican, SC)Larry Lee Pressler (Republican, SD)James Abdnor (Republican, SD)Howard Henry Baker Jr. (Republican, TN)John Goodwin Tower (Republican, TX)Orrin G. Hatch (Republican, UT)Edwin Jacob Garn (Republican, UT)John W. Warner (Republican, VA)Robert Theodore Stafford (Republican, VT)T. Slade Gorton (Republican, WA)Robert Walter Kasten Jr. (Republican, WI)Malcolm Wallop (Republican, WY)Alan Kooi Simpson (Republican, WY)
38 new members · 38 departed · 62 served on both dates · women 0 → 2 · median age 55 → 52
25 seats changed party
Hubert Horatio Humphrey Jr. D
Minnesota
David Ferdinand Durenberger R
Minnesota
Richard Clarence Clark D
Iowa
Roger William Jepsen R
Iowa
Edward William Brooke III R
Massachusetts
Paul Efthemios Tsongas D
Massachusetts
Floyd Kirk Haskell D
Colorado
William Lester Armstrong R
Colorado
Show 21 more seat flips
Wendell Richard Anderson D
Minnesota
Rudolph Eli Boschwitz R
Minnesota
Thomas James McIntyre D
New Hampshire
Gordon John Humphrey R
New Hampshire
Dewey Follett Bartlett R
Oklahoma
David Lyle Boren D
Oklahoma
Clifford Philip Case R
New Jersey
William Warren Bradley D
New Jersey
William Dodd Hathaway D
Maine
William Sebastian Cohen R
Maine
Carl Thomas Curtis R
Nebraska
J. James Exon D
Nebraska
James George Abourezk D
South Dakota
Larry Lee Pressler R
South Dakota
Robert Paul Griffin R
Michigan
Carl Levin D
Michigan
James Oliver Eastland D
Mississippi
Thad Cochran R
Mississippi
Robert Burren Morgan D
North Carolina
John Porter East R
North Carolina
George Stanley McGovern D
South Dakota
James Abdnor R
South Dakota
James Browning Allen D
Alabama
Jeremiah Andrew Denton Jr. R
Alabama
Richard Bernard Stone D
Florida
Paula Hawkins R
Florida
Herman Eugene Talmadge D
Georgia
Mack Francis Mattingly R
Georgia
Gaylord Anton Nelson D
Wisconsin
Robert Walter Kasten Jr. R
Wisconsin
Birch Evans Bayh D
Indiana
James Danforth Quayle R
Indiana
John Anthony Durkin D
New Hampshire
Warren Bruce Rudman R
New Hampshire
Frank Forrester Church D
Idaho
Steven Douglas Symms R
Idaho
Warren Grant Magnuson D
Washington
T. Slade Gorton R
Washington
Maurice Robert Gravel D
Alaska
Frank H. Murkowski R
Alaska
John Chester Culver D
Iowa
Chuck Grassley R
Iowa
Who joined and who left (38 in · 38 out)
Frank H. Murkowski R
Alaska
Howell Thomas Heflin D
Alabama
Jeremiah Andrew Denton Jr. R
Alabama
David Hampton Pryor D
Arkansas
William Lester Armstrong R
Colorado
Christopher J. Dodd D
Connecticut
Paula Hawkins R
Florida
Mack Francis Mattingly R
Georgia
Roger William Jepsen R
Iowa
Chuck Grassley R
Iowa
Steven Douglas Symms R
Idaho
Alan John Dixon D
Illinois
James Danforth Quayle R
Indiana
Nancy Landon Kassebaum R
Kansas
Paul Efthemios Tsongas D
Massachusetts
William Sebastian Cohen R
Maine
George John Mitchell D
Maine
Carl Levin D
Michigan
David Ferdinand Durenberger R
Minnesota
Rudolph Eli Boschwitz R
Minnesota
Thad Cochran R
Mississippi
Max Baucus D
Montana
John Porter East R
North Carolina
Mark Andrews R
North Dakota
J. James Exon D
Nebraska
Gordon John Humphrey R
New Hampshire
Warren Bruce Rudman R
New Hampshire
William Warren Bradley D
New Jersey
Alfonse Marcello D’Amato R
New York
David Lyle Boren D
Oklahoma
Don Nickles R
Oklahoma
Arlen Specter R
Pennsylvania
Larry Lee Pressler R
South Dakota
James Abdnor R
South Dakota
John W. Warner R
Virginia
T. Slade Gorton R
Washington
Robert Walter Kasten Jr. R
Wisconsin
Alan Kooi Simpson R
Wyoming
Maurice Robert Gravel D
Alaska
John Jackson Sparkman D
Alabama
James Browning Allen D
Alabama
John Little McClellan D
Arkansas
Floyd Kirk Haskell D
Colorado
Abraham Alexander Ribicoff D
Connecticut
Richard Bernard Stone D
Florida
Herman Eugene Talmadge D
Georgia
Richard Clarence Clark D
Iowa
John Chester Culver D
Iowa
Frank Forrester Church D
Idaho
Adlai Ewing Stevenson III D
Illinois
Birch Evans Bayh D
Indiana
James Blackwood Pearson R
Kansas
Edward William Brooke III R
Massachusetts
William Dodd Hathaway D
Maine
Edmund Sixtus Muskie D
Maine
Robert Paul Griffin R
Michigan
Wendell Richard Anderson D
Minnesota
Hubert Horatio Humphrey Jr. D
Minnesota
James Oliver Eastland D
Mississippi
Lee Warren Metcalf D
Montana
Robert Burren Morgan D
North Carolina
Milton Ruben Young R
North Dakota
Carl Thomas Curtis R
Nebraska
Thomas James McIntyre D
New Hampshire
John Anthony Durkin D
New Hampshire
Clifford Philip Case R
New Jersey
Jacob Koppel Javits R
New York
Dewey Follett Bartlett R
Oklahoma
Henry Louis Bellmon R
Oklahoma
Richard Schultz Schweiker R
Pennsylvania
James George Abourezk D
South Dakota
George Stanley McGovern D
South Dakota
William Lloyd Scott R
Virginia
Warren Grant Magnuson D
Washington
Gaylord Anton Nelson D
Wisconsin
Clifford Peter Hansen R
Wyoming
legislative/houseHouse
+157−157congress-legislators ↗
Jan 20, 1977 · 291 D · 144 R
Walter Flowers (Democrat, AL-7)William Flynt Nichols (Democrat, AL-3)Ronnie Gene Flippo (Democrat, AL-5)Tom Bevill (Democrat, AL-4)James (Jim) Guy Tucker Jr. (Democrat, AR-2)William Vollie Alexander Jr. (Democrat, AR-1)Raymond Hoyt Thornton Jr. (Democrat, AR-4)Morris King Udall (Democrat, AZ-2)Robert Stump (Democrat, AZ-3)Yvonne Brathwaite Burke (Democrat, CA-28)Mark Warren Hannaford (Democrat, CA-34)John Hans Krebs (Democrat, CA-17)Robert Louis Leggett (Democrat, CA-4)John Joseph McFall (Democrat, CA-14)John Emerson Moss (Democrat, CA-3)Leo Joseph Ryan (Democrat, CA-11)Bernice Frederic Sisk (Democrat, CA-15)James Charles Corman (Democrat, CA-21)Harold Terry Johnson (Democrat, CA-1)James Fredrick Lloyd (Democrat, CA-35)Lionel Van Deerlin (Democrat, CA-42)Charles Herbert Wilson (Democrat, CA-31)John Lowell Burton (Democrat, CA-5)George Elmore Danielson (Democrat, CA-30)Phillip Burton (Democrat, CA-6)Jerry Mumford Patterson (Democrat, CA-38)Augustus Freeman Hawkins (Democrat, CA-29)Glenn Malcolm Anderson (Democrat, CA-32)Edward Ross Roybal (Democrat, CA-25)William Donlon Edwards (Democrat, CA-10)Leon Edward Panetta (Democrat, CA-16)Anthony Charles Beilenson (Democrat, CA-23)Norman Yoshio Mineta (Democrat, CA-13)Ronald Vernie Dellums (Democrat, CA-8)George E. Brown Jr. (Democrat, CA-36)Fortney Pete Stark (Democrat, CA-9)George Miller (Democrat, CA-7)Henry A. Waxman (Democrat, CA-24)Frank Edward Evans (Democrat, CO-3)Timothy E. Wirth (Democrat, CO-2)Patricia Scott Schroeder (Democrat, CO-1)Robert Nicholas Giaimo (Democrat, CT-3)William Ross Cotter (Democrat, CT-1)Anthony John Moffett Jr. (Democrat, CT-6)Christopher J. Dodd (Democrat, CT-2)Paul Grant Rogers (Democrat, FL-11)Robert Lee Fulton Sikes (Democrat, FL-1)Don Fuqua (Democrat, FL-2)William Venroe Chappell Jr. (Democrat, FL-4)Claude Denson Pepper (Democrat, FL-14)Charles Edward Bennett (Democrat, FL-3)Dante Bruno Fascell (Democrat, FL-15)Andrew Poysell Ireland (Democrat, FL-8)William Lehman (Democrat, FL-13)Sam Melville Gibbons (Democrat, FL-7)John James Flynt Jr. (Democrat, GA-6)Andrew Jackson Young Jr. (Democrat, GA-5)Marvin Dawson Mathis (Democrat, GA-2)Jack Thomas Brinkley (Democrat, GA-3)Billy Lee Evans (Democrat, GA-8)Ronald Bryan Ginn (Democrat, GA-1)Elliott Harris Levitas (Democrat, GA-4)Lawrence Patton McDonald (Democrat, GA-7)Druie Douglas Barnard Jr. (Democrat, GA-10)Edgar Lanier Jenkins (Democrat, GA-9)Cecil Landau Heftel (Democrat, HI-1)Daniel K. Akaka (Democrat, HI-2)Michael Thomas Blouin (Democrat, IA-2)Berkley Warren Bedell (Democrat, IA-6)Neal Edward Smith (Democrat, IA-4)Tom Harkin (Democrat, IA-5)Ralph Harold Metcalfe (Democrat, IL-1)George Edward Shipley (Democrat, IL-22)Abner Joseph Mikva (Democrat, IL-10)Morgan Francis Murphy (Democrat, IL-2)John G. Fary (Democrat, IL-5)Charles Melvin Price (Democrat, IL-23)Frank Annunzio (Democrat, IL-11)Martin Anthony Russo (Democrat, IL-3)Paul Martin Simon (Democrat, IL-24)Daniel David Rostenkowski (Democrat, IL-8)Cardiss Collins (Democrat, IL-7)Sidney Richard Yates (Democrat, IL-9)David Lance Cornwell (Democrat, IN-8)John Brademas (Democrat, IN-3)Adam Benjamin Jr. (Democrat, IN-1)David Walter Evans (Democrat, IN-6)Floyd James Fithian (Democrat, IN-2)Philip Riley Sharp (Democrat, IN-10)Andrew Jacobs Jr. (Democrat, IN-11)Lee Herbert Hamilton (Democrat, IN-9)Martha Elizabeth Keys (Democrat, KS-2)Daniel Robert Glickman (Democrat, KS-4)John Bayne Breckinridge (Democrat, KY-6)Carl Dewey Perkins (Democrat, KY-7)Carroll Hubbard Jr. (Democrat, KY-1)Romano Louis Mazzoli (Democrat, KY-3)William Huston Natcher (Democrat, KY-2)Richard Alvin Tonry (Democrat, LA-1)Joseph David Waggonner Jr. (Democrat, LA-4)Gillis William Long (Democrat, LA-8)Corinne Claiborne Boggs (Democrat, LA-2)Thomas Jerald Huckaby (Democrat, LA-5)John B. Breaux (Democrat, LA-7)James Anthony Burke (Democrat, MA-11)Michael Joseph Harrington (Democrat, MA-6)Robert Frederick Drinan (Democrat, MA-4)Paul Efthemios Tsongas (Democrat, MA-5)Thomas Phillip O’Neill Jr. (Democrat, MA-8)Edward Patrick Boland (Democrat, MA-2)Joseph Daniel Early (Democrat, MA-3)Gerry Eastman Studds (Democrat, MA-12)John Joseph Moakley (Democrat, MA-9)Edward J. Markey (Democrat, MA-7)Goodloe Edgar Byron (Democrat, MD-6)Gladys Noon Spellman (Democrat, MD-5)Clarence Dickinson Long (Democrat, MD-2)Parren James Mitchell (Democrat, MD-7)Barbara A. Mikulski (Democrat, MD-3)Charles Coles Diggs Jr. (Democrat, MI-13)Lucien Norbert Nedzi (Democrat, MI-14)James Johnston Blanchard (Democrat, MI-18)William McNulty Brodhead (Democrat, MI-17)Jerome Bob Traxler (Democrat, MI-8)Milton Robert Carr (Democrat, MI-6)William David Ford (Democrat, MI-15)David E. Bonior (Democrat, MI-12)Dale E. Kildee (Democrat, MI-7)John D. Dingell (Democrat, MI-16)John Conyers, Jr. (Democrat, MI-1)Robert Selmer Bergland (Democrat, MN-7)Donald MacKay Fraser (Democrat, MN-5)Bruce F. Vento (Democrat, MN-4)James L. Oberstar (Democrat, MN-8)Richard M. Nolan (Democrat, MN-6)William Dean Burlison (Democrat, MO-10)Richard Howard Ichord II (Democrat, MO-8)Richard Walker Bolling (Democrat, MO-5)Robert Anton Young III (Democrat, MO-2)Harold Lee Volkmer (Democrat, MO-9)William Lacy Clay Sr. (Democrat, MO-1)Richard Andrew Gephardt (Democrat, MO-3)Ike Skelton (Democrat, MO-4)David Reece Bowen (Democrat, MS-2)Jamie Lloyd Whitten (Democrat, MS-1)Gillespie V. Montgomery (Democrat, MS-3)Max Baucus (Democrat, MT-1)Vonno Lamar Gudger Jr. (Democrat, NC-11)Lunsford Richardson Preyer (Democrat, NC-6)Lawrence H. Fountain (Democrat, NC-2)Ike Franklin Andrews (Democrat, NC-4)Charles Orville Whitley (Democrat, NC-3)Walter Beaman Jones Sr. (Democrat, NC-1)Stephen Lybrook Neal (Democrat, NC-5)Charles Grandison Rose III (Democrat, NC-7)Willie Gathrel Hefner (Democrat, NC-8)John Joseph Cavanaugh (Democrat, NE-2)Norman Edward D’Amours (Democrat, NH-1)Joseph Anthony LeFante (Democrat, NJ-14)Helen Stevenson Meyner (Democrat, NJ-13)Gene Andrew Maguire (Democrat, NJ-7)Edward James Patten (Democrat, NJ-15)Frank Thompson Jr. (Democrat, NJ-4)Joseph George Minish (Democrat, NJ-11)James John Howard (Democrat, NJ-3)Peter Wallace Rodino Jr. (Democrat, NJ-10)James Joseph Florio (Democrat, NJ-1)Robert A. Roe (Democrat, NJ-8)William John Hughes (Democrat, NJ-2)Harold Lowell Runnels (Democrat, NM-2)James David Santini (Democrat, NV-AL)Herman Badillo (Democrat, NY-21)James Joseph Delaney (Democrat, NY-9)Edward Irving Koch (Democrat, NY-18)Edward Worthington Pattison (Democrat, NY-29)Otis Grey Pike (Democrat, NY-1)Jerome Anthony Ambro Jr. (Democrat, NY-3)James Michael Hanley (Democrat, NY-32)Elizabeth Holtzman (Democrat, NY-16)John Michael Murphy (Democrat, NY-17)Lester Lionel Wolff (Democrat, NY-6)Jonathan Brewster Bingham (Democrat, NY-22)Shirley Anita Chisholm (Democrat, NY-12)Frederick William Richmond (Democrat, NY-14)Leo C. Zeferetti (Democrat, NY-15)Richard Lawrence Ottinger (Democrat, NY-24)Benjamin Stanley Rosenthal (Democrat, NY-8)Joseph Patrick Addabbo (Democrat, NY-7)Stanley Nelson Lundine (Democrat, NY-39)Mario Biaggi (Democrat, NY-10)Samuel Studdiford Stratton (Democrat, NY-28)Thomas Joseph Downey (Democrat, NY-2)Matthew Francis McHugh (Democrat, NY-27)Henry James Nowak (Democrat, NY-37)James Haas Scheuer (Democrat, NY-11)Stephen Joshua Solarz (Democrat, NY-13)Theodore S. Weiss (Democrat, NY-20)John J. LaFalce (Democrat, NY-36)Charles B. Rangel (Democrat, NY-19)Charles Joseph Carney (Democrat, OH-19)Thomas Ludlow Ashley (Democrat, OH-9)Charles Albert Vanik (Democrat, OH-22)Ronald Milton Mottl (Democrat, OH-23)John Frederick Seiberling (Democrat, OH-14)Thomas Andrew Luken (Democrat, OH-2)Mary Rose Oakar (Democrat, OH-20)Donald James Pease (Democrat, OH-13)Douglas Earl Applegate (Democrat, OH-18)Louis Stokes (Democrat, OH-21)Theodore Marshall Risenhoover (Democrat, OK-2)Thomas Jefferson Steed (Democrat, OK-4)James Robert Jones (Democrat, OK-1)Glenn Lee English Jr. (Democrat, OK-6)Wes Watkins (Democrat, OK-3)Robert Blackford Duncan (Democrat, OR-3)Albert Conrad Ullman (Democrat, OR-2)James Howard Weaver (Democrat, OR-4)Les AuCoin (Democrat, OR-1)Joseph Scofield Ammerman (Democrat, PA-23)John Herman Dent (Democrat, PA-21)Joshua Eilberg (Democrat, PA-4)Robert Nelson Cornelius Nix Sr. (Democrat, PA-2)Frederick Bernard Rooney (Democrat, PA-15)Daniel John Flood (Democrat, PA-11)William Singer Moorhead (Democrat, PA-14)Michael Joseph Myers (Democrat, PA-1)Allen Edward Ertel (Democrat, PA-17)Raymond Francis Lederer (Democrat, PA-3)Robert William Edgar (Democrat, PA-7)Douglas Walgren (Democrat, PA-18)Joseph Matthew Gaydos (Democrat, PA-20)Peter Houston Kostmayer (Democrat, PA-8)Gus Yatron (Democrat, PA-6)Austin John Murphy (Democrat, PA-22)John P. Murtha (Democrat, PA-12)Edward Peter Beard (Democrat, RI-2)Fernand Joseph St. Germain (Democrat, RI-1)James Robert Mann (Democrat, SC-4)Mendel Jackson Davis (Democrat, SC-1)John Wilson Jenrette Jr. (Democrat, SC-6)Kenneth Lamar Holland (Democrat, SC-5)Butler Carson Derrick Jr. (Democrat, SC-3)Clifford Robertson Allen (Democrat, TN-5)Ed Jones (Democrat, TN-7)Albert Arnold Gore Jr. (Democrat, TN-4)Marilyn Laird Lloyd (Democrat, TN-3)Harold Eugene Ford (Democrat, TN-8)Omar Truman Burleson (Democrat, TX-17)Robert Alton Gammage (Democrat, TX-22)Barbara Charline Jordan (Democrat, TX-18)George Herman Mahon (Democrat, TX-19)Dale Milford (Democrat, TX-24)William Robert Poage (Democrat, TX-11)Olin Earl Teague (Democrat, TX-6)John Andrew Young (Democrat, TX-14)Robert Christian Eckhardt (Democrat, TX-8)Herbert Ray Roberts (Democrat, TX-4)James Albon Mattox (Democrat, TX-5)Richard Crawford White (Democrat, TX-16)Jack English Hightower (Democrat, TX-13)Abraham Kazen Jr. (Democrat, TX-23)Sam Blakeley Hall Jr. (Democrat, TX-1)James Claude Wright Jr. (Democrat, TX-12)Jack Bascom Brooks (Democrat, TX-9)Robert Charles Krueger (Democrat, TX-21)James Jarrell Pickle (Democrat, TX-10)Charles Wilson (Democrat, TX-2)Eligio II de la Garza (Democrat, TX-15)Henry Barbosa González (Democrat, TX-20)Koln Gunn McKay (Democrat, UT-1)Joseph Lyman Fisher (Democrat, VA-10)Herbert Eugene Harris II (Democrat, VA-8)David Edward Satterfield III (Democrat, VA-3)Wilbur Clarence Daniel (Democrat, VA-5)Lloyd Meeds (Democrat, WA-2)Mike McCormack (Democrat, WA-4)Don Leroy Bonker (Democrat, WA-3)Thomas Stephen Foley (Democrat, WA-5)Norman D. Dicks (Democrat, WA-6)Robert John Cornell (Democrat, WI-8)Alvin James Baldus (Democrat, WI-3)Henry Schoellkopf Reuss (Democrat, WI-5)Clement John Zablocki (Democrat, WI-4)Robert William Kastenmeier (Democrat, WI-2)Leslie Aspin (Democrat, WI-1)David Ross Obey (Democrat, WI-7)John Mark Slack Jr. (Democrat, WV-3)Harley Orrin Staggers (Democrat, WV-2)Robert Homer Mollohan (Democrat, WV-1)Nick J. Rahall II (Democrat, WV-4)Teno Roncalio (Democrat, WY-AL)Don Young (Republican, AK-AL)John Hall Buchanan Jr. (Republican, AL-6)William Jackson Edwards (Republican, AL-1)William Louis Dickinson (Republican, AL-2)John Paul Hammerschmidt (Republican, AR-3)John Jacob Rhodes (Republican, AZ-1)Eldon Dean Rudd (Republican, AZ-4)Delwin Morgan Clawson (Republican, CA-33)William Matthew Ketchum (Republican, CA-18)Shirley Neil Pettis (Republican, CA-37)Charles Edward Wiggins (Republican, CA-39)Robert Carlton Wilson (Republican, CA-41)Clair Walter Burgener (Republican, CA-43)Donald Holst Clausen (Republican, CA-2)Barry Morris Goldwater Jr. (Republican, CA-20)Paul Norton McCloskey Jr. (Republican, CA-12)John Harbin Rousselot (Republican, CA-26)Robert Edward Badham (Republican, CA-40)Robert John Lagomarsino (Republican, CA-19)Robert Kenneth Dornan (Republican, CA-27)Carlos John Moorhead (Republican, CA-22)James Paul Johnson (Republican, CO-4)William Lester Armstrong (Republican, CO-5)Ronald Arthur Sarasin (Republican, CT-5)Stewart Brett McKinney (Republican, CT-4)Thomas Beverley Evans Jr. (Republican, DE-AL)J. Herbert Burke (Republican, FL-12)Louis Frey Jr. (Republican, FL-9)Richard Kelly (Republican, FL-5)Louis Arthur Bafalis (Republican, FL-10)C. W. Bill Young (Republican, FL-6)James A. Leach (Republican, IA-1)Chuck Grassley (Republican, IA-3)George Vernon Hansen (Republican, ID-2)Steven Douglas Symms (Republican, ID-1)John Bayard Anderson (Republican, IL-16)Edward Joseph Derwinski (Republican, IL-4)Paul Findley (Republican, IL-20)Robert McClory (Republican, IL-13)Thomas Fisher Railsback (Republican, IL-19)Thomas Joseph Corcoran (Republican, IL-15)John Neal Erlenborn (Republican, IL-14)George Miller O’Brien (Republican, IL-17)Edward Rell Madigan (Republican, IL-21)Robert Henry Michel (Republican, IL-18)Philip M. Crane (Republican, IL-12)Henry John Hyde (Republican, IL-6)Elwood Haynes Hillis (Republican, IN-5)James Danforth Quayle (Republican, IN-4)John Thomas Myers (Republican, IN-7)Joe Skubitz (Republican, KS-5)Keith George Sebelius (Republican, KS-1)Edward Lawrence Winn Jr. (Republican, KS-3)Tim Lee Carter (Republican, KY-5)Marion Gene Snyder (Republican, KY-4)David Conner Treen (Republican, LA-3)William Henson Moore III (Republican, LA-6)Margaret M. Heckler (Republican, MA-10)Silvio Ottavio Conte (Republican, MA-1)Newton Ivan Steers Jr. (Republican, MD-8)Robert Edmund Bauman (Republican, MD-1)Marjorie Sewell Holt (Republican, MD-4)David Farnham Emery (Republican, ME-1)William Sebastian Cohen (Republican, ME-2)Garry Eldridge Brown (Republican, MI-3)Elford Albin Cederberg (Republican, MI-10)Philip Edward Ruppe (Republican, MI-11)David Alan Stockman (Republican, MI-4)Harold Samuel Sawyer (Republican, MI-5)William S. Broomfield (Republican, MI-19)Carl Duane Pursell (Republican, MI-2)Guy Adrian Vander Jagt (Republican, MI-9)Albert Harold Quie (Republican, MN-1)Thomas Michael Hagedorn (Republican, MN-2)William Eldridge Frenzel (Republican, MN-3)Gene Taylor (Republican, MO-7)Earl Thomas Coleman (Republican, MO-6)Trent Lott (Republican, MS-5)Thad Cochran (Republican, MS-4)Ronald Charles Marlenee (Republican, MT-2)James Grubbs Martin (Republican, NC-9)James Thomas Broyhill (Republican, NC-10)Mark Andrews (Republican, ND-AL)Charles Thone (Republican, NE-1)Virginia Dodd Smith (Republican, NE-3)James Colgate Cleveland (Republican, NH-2)Millicent Hammond Fenwick (Republican, NJ-5)Harold Capistran Hollenbeck (Republican, NJ-9)Edwin Bell Forsythe (Republican, NJ-6)Matthew John Rinaldo (Republican, NJ-12)Manuel Luján Jr. (Republican, NM-1)Bruce Faulkner Caputo (Republican, NY-23)William Francis Walsh (Republican, NY-33)Robert Cameron McEwen (Republican, NY-30)John Waldemar Wydler (Republican, NY-5)Donald Jerome Mitchell (Republican, NY-31)Barber Benjamin Conable Jr. (Republican, NY-35)Jack French Kemp (Republican, NY-38)Frank Jefferson Horton (Republican, NY-34)Norman Frederick Lent (Republican, NY-4)Hamilton Fish Jr. (Republican, NY-25)Benjamin Gilman (Republican, NY-26)Charles William Whalen Jr. (Republican, OH-3)Samuel Leeper Devine (Republican, OH-12)William Howard Harsha (Republican, OH-6)John Milan Ashbrook (Republican, OH-17)Clarence J. Brown Jr. (Republican, OH-7)Tennyson Guyer (Republican, OH-4)John William Stanton (Republican, OH-11)Thomas Norman Kindness (Republican, OH-8)Delbert Leroy Latta (Republican, OH-5)Clarence E. Miller (Republican, OH-10)Chalmers Pangburn Wylie (Republican, OH-15)Willis David Gradison Jr. (Republican, OH-1)Ralph Regula (Republican, OH-16)Marvin Henry Edwards (Republican, OK-5)Gary Arthur Myers (Republican, PA-25)Marc Lincoln Marks (Republican, PA-24)Robert Lawrence Coughlin (Republican, PA-13)Richard Taylor Schulze (Republican, PA-5)Robert Smith Walker (Republican, PA-16)Joseph Michael McDade (Republican, PA-10)William F. Goodling (Republican, PA-19)Elmer Greinert Shuster (Republican, PA-9)Floyd Spence (Republican, SC-2)James Abdnor (Republican, SD-2)Larry Lee Pressler (Republican, SD-1)Robin Leo Beard Jr. (Republican, TN-6)John James Duncan (Republican, TN-2)James Henry Quillen (Republican, TN-1)James Mitchell Collins (Republican, TX-3)Bill Archer (Republican, TX-7)David Daniel Marriott (Republican, UT-2)Manley Caldwell Butler (Republican, VA-6)Robert Williams Daniel Jr. (Republican, VA-4)William Creed Wampler (Republican, VA-9)James Kenneth Robinson (Republican, VA-7)Paul Seward Trible Jr. (Republican, VA-1)George William Whitehurst (Republican, VA-2)James M. Jeffords (Republican, VT-AL)John Edward Cunningham III (Republican, WA-7)Joel McFee Pritchard (Republican, WA-1)William Albert Steiger (Republican, WI-6)Robert Walter Kasten Jr. (Republican, WI-9)
Jan 19, 1981 · 241 D · 193 R · 1 I
William Flynt Nichols (Democrat, AL-3)Ronnie Gene Flippo (Democrat, AL-5)Tom Bevill (Democrat, AL-4)Richard C. Shelby (Democrat, AL-7)William Vollie Alexander Jr. (Democrat, AR-1)Beryl Franklin Anthony Jr. (Democrat, AR-4)Morris King Udall (Democrat, AZ-2)Robert Stump (Democrat, AZ-3)John Lowell Burton (Democrat, CA-5)George Elmore Danielson (Democrat, CA-30)Phillip Burton (Democrat, CA-6)Jerry Mumford Patterson (Democrat, CA-38)Anthony Lee Coelho (Democrat, CA-15)Augustus Freeman Hawkins (Democrat, CA-29)Glenn Malcolm Anderson (Democrat, CA-32)Mervyn Malcolm Dymally (Democrat, CA-31)Edward Ross Roybal (Democrat, CA-25)William Donlon Edwards (Democrat, CA-10)Leon Edward Panetta (Democrat, CA-16)Anthony Charles Beilenson (Democrat, CA-23)Norman Yoshio Mineta (Democrat, CA-13)Ronald Vernie Dellums (Democrat, CA-8)Victor Herbert Fazio Jr. (Democrat, CA-4)George E. Brown Jr. (Democrat, CA-36)Julian C. Dixon (Democrat, CA-28)Robert T. Matsui (Democrat, CA-3)Tom Lantos (Democrat, CA-11)Fortney Pete Stark (Democrat, CA-9)George Miller (Democrat, CA-7)Henry A. Waxman (Democrat, CA-24)Raymond Peter Kogovsek (Democrat, CO-3)Timothy E. Wirth (Democrat, CO-2)Patricia Scott Schroeder (Democrat, CO-1)William Ross Cotter (Democrat, CT-1)Anthony John Moffett Jr. (Democrat, CT-6)William Richard Ratchford (Democrat, CT-5)Sam Gejdenson (Democrat, CT-2)Don Fuqua (Democrat, FL-2)William Venroe Chappell Jr. (Democrat, FL-4)Daniel Andrew Mica (Democrat, FL-11)Claude Denson Pepper (Democrat, FL-14)Charles Edward Bennett (Democrat, FL-3)Dante Bruno Fascell (Democrat, FL-15)Andrew Poysell Ireland (Democrat, FL-8)William Lehman (Democrat, FL-13)Earl Dewitt Hutto (Democrat, FL-1)Sam Melville Gibbons (Democrat, FL-7)Bill Nelson (Democrat, FL-9)Jack Thomas Brinkley (Democrat, GA-3)Billy Lee Evans (Democrat, GA-8)Ronald Bryan Ginn (Democrat, GA-1)Elliott Harris Levitas (Democrat, GA-4)Lawrence Patton McDonald (Democrat, GA-7)Wyche Fowler Jr. (Democrat, GA-5)Druie Douglas Barnard Jr. (Democrat, GA-10)Charles Floyd Hatcher (Democrat, GA-2)Edgar Lanier Jenkins (Democrat, GA-9)Cecil Landau Heftel (Democrat, HI-1)Daniel K. Akaka (Democrat, HI-2)Berkley Warren Bedell (Democrat, IA-6)Neal Edward Smith (Democrat, IA-4)Tom Harkin (Democrat, IA-5)John G. Fary (Democrat, IL-5)Harold Washington (Democrat, IL-1)Charles Melvin Price (Democrat, IL-23)Frank Annunzio (Democrat, IL-11)Martin Anthony Russo (Democrat, IL-3)Gus Savage (Democrat, IL-2)Paul Martin Simon (Democrat, IL-24)Daniel David Rostenkowski (Democrat, IL-8)Cardiss Collins (Democrat, IL-7)Sidney Richard Yates (Democrat, IL-9)Adam Benjamin Jr. (Democrat, IN-1)David Walter Evans (Democrat, IN-6)Floyd James Fithian (Democrat, IN-2)Philip Riley Sharp (Democrat, IN-10)Andrew Jacobs Jr. (Democrat, IN-11)Lee Herbert Hamilton (Democrat, IN-9)Daniel Robert Glickman (Democrat, KS-4)Carl Dewey Perkins (Democrat, KY-7)Carroll Hubbard Jr. (Democrat, KY-1)Romano Louis Mazzoli (Democrat, KY-3)William Huston Natcher (Democrat, KY-2)Gillis William Long (Democrat, LA-8)Charles Elson Roemer III (Democrat, LA-4)Corinne Claiborne Boggs (Democrat, LA-2)Thomas Jerald Huckaby (Democrat, LA-5)John B. Breaux (Democrat, LA-7)William J. Tauzin (Democrat, LA-3)James Michael Shannon (Democrat, MA-5)Thomas Phillip O’Neill Jr. (Democrat, MA-8)Edward Patrick Boland (Democrat, MA-2)Brian Joseph Donnelly (Democrat, MA-11)Joseph Daniel Early (Democrat, MA-3)Nicholas James Mavroules (Democrat, MA-6)Gerry Eastman Studds (Democrat, MA-12)John Joseph Moakley (Democrat, MA-9)Barney Frank (Democrat, MA-4)Edward J. Markey (Democrat, MA-7)Clarence Dickinson Long (Democrat, MD-2)Michael Darr Barnes (Democrat, MD-8)Parren James Mitchell (Democrat, MD-7)Royden Patrick Dyson (Democrat, MD-1)Beverly Barton Butcher Byron (Democrat, MD-6)Barbara A. Mikulski (Democrat, MD-3)Steny H. Hoyer (Democrat, MD-5)James Johnston Blanchard (Democrat, MI-18)William McNulty Brodhead (Democrat, MI-17)Donald Joseph Albosta (Democrat, MI-10)George William Crockett Jr. (Democrat, MI-13)Dennis Mark Hertel (Democrat, MI-14)Jerome Bob Traxler (Democrat, MI-8)Howard Eliot Wolpe III (Democrat, MI-3)William David Ford (Democrat, MI-15)David E. Bonior (Democrat, MI-12)Dale E. Kildee (Democrat, MI-7)John D. Dingell (Democrat, MI-16)John Conyers, Jr. (Democrat, MI-1)Bruce F. Vento (Democrat, MN-4)Martin Olav Sabo (Democrat, MN-5)James L. Oberstar (Democrat, MN-8)Richard Walker Bolling (Democrat, MO-5)Robert Anton Young III (Democrat, MO-2)Harold Lee Volkmer (Democrat, MO-9)William Lacy Clay Sr. (Democrat, MO-1)Richard Andrew Gephardt (Democrat, MO-3)Ike Skelton (Democrat, MO-4)David Reece Bowen (Democrat, MS-2)Jamie Lloyd Whitten (Democrat, MS-1)Gillespie V. Montgomery (Democrat, MS-3)John Patrick Williams (Democrat, MT-1)Lawrence H. Fountain (Democrat, NC-2)Ike Franklin Andrews (Democrat, NC-4)Charles Orville Whitley (Democrat, NC-3)Walter Beaman Jones Sr. (Democrat, NC-1)Stephen Lybrook Neal (Democrat, NC-5)Charles Grandison Rose III (Democrat, NC-7)Willie Gathrel Hefner (Democrat, NC-8)Byron L. Dorgan (Democrat, ND-AL)Norman Edward D’Amours (Democrat, NH-1)Joseph George Minish (Democrat, NJ-11)James John Howard (Democrat, NJ-3)Peter Wallace Rodino Jr. (Democrat, NJ-10)James Joseph Florio (Democrat, NJ-1)Bernard James Dwyer (Democrat, NJ-15)Frank Joseph Guarini Jr. (Democrat, NJ-14)Robert A. Roe (Democrat, NJ-8)William John Hughes (Democrat, NJ-2)James David Santini (Democrat, NV-AL)Jonathan Brewster Bingham (Democrat, NY-22)Shirley Anita Chisholm (Democrat, NY-12)Peter A. Peyser (Democrat, NY-23)Frederick William Richmond (Democrat, NY-14)Leo C. Zeferetti (Democrat, NY-15)Geraldine Anne Ferraro (Democrat, NY-9)Richard Lawrence Ottinger (Democrat, NY-24)Benjamin Stanley Rosenthal (Democrat, NY-8)Joseph Patrick Addabbo (Democrat, NY-7)Stanley Nelson Lundine (Democrat, NY-39)Mario Biaggi (Democrat, NY-10)Samuel Studdiford Stratton (Democrat, NY-28)Robert Garcia (Democrat, NY-21)Thomas Joseph Downey (Democrat, NY-2)Matthew Francis McHugh (Democrat, NY-27)Henry James Nowak (Democrat, NY-37)James Haas Scheuer (Democrat, NY-11)Stephen Joshua Solarz (Democrat, NY-13)Theodore S. Weiss (Democrat, NY-20)John J. LaFalce (Democrat, NY-36)Charles B. Rangel (Democrat, NY-19)Charles E. Schumer (Democrat, NY-16)Ronald Milton Mottl (Democrat, OH-23)Robert Norton Shamansky (Democrat, OH-12)John Frederick Seiberling (Democrat, OH-14)Thomas Andrew Luken (Democrat, OH-2)Dennis Edward Eckart (Democrat, OH-22)Mary Rose Oakar (Democrat, OH-20)Donald James Pease (Democrat, OH-13)Douglas Earl Applegate (Democrat, OH-18)Louis Stokes (Democrat, OH-21)Tony P. Hall (Democrat, OH-3)James Robert Jones (Democrat, OK-1)Glenn Lee English Jr. (Democrat, OK-6)David Keith McCurdy (Democrat, OK-4)Michael Lynn Synar (Democrat, OK-2)Wes Watkins (Democrat, OK-3)James Howard Weaver (Democrat, OR-4)Les AuCoin (Democrat, OR-1)Ron Wyden (Democrat, OR-3)Donald Allen Bailey (Democrat, PA-21)Allen Edward Ertel (Democrat, PA-17)Raymond Francis Lederer (Democrat, PA-3)Robert William Edgar (Democrat, PA-7)Douglas Walgren (Democrat, PA-18)Joseph Matthew Gaydos (Democrat, PA-20)William Herbert Gray III (Democrat, PA-2)Gus Yatron (Democrat, PA-6)Austin John Murphy (Democrat, PA-22)William J. Coyne (Democrat, PA-14)John P. Murtha (Democrat, PA-12)Fernand Joseph St. Germain (Democrat, RI-1)Kenneth Lamar Holland (Democrat, SC-5)Butler Carson Derrick Jr. (Democrat, SC-3)Thomas A. Daschle (Democrat, SD-1)William Hill Boner (Democrat, TN-5)Ed Jones (Democrat, TN-7)Albert Arnold Gore Jr. (Democrat, TN-4)Marilyn Laird Lloyd (Democrat, TN-3)Harold Eugene Ford (Democrat, TN-8)James Albon Mattox (Democrat, TX-5)Richard Crawford White (Democrat, TX-16)Kent Ronald Hance (Democrat, TX-19)Jack English Hightower (Democrat, TX-13)Abraham Kazen Jr. (Democrat, TX-23)William Neff Patman (Democrat, TX-14)Sam Blakeley Hall Jr. (Democrat, TX-1)James Marvin Leath (Democrat, TX-11)George Thomas Leland (Democrat, TX-18)James Claude Wright Jr. (Democrat, TX-12)Jack Bascom Brooks (Democrat, TX-9)James Jarrell Pickle (Democrat, TX-10)Charles Wilson (Democrat, TX-2)Eligio II de la Garza (Democrat, TX-15)Henry Barbosa González (Democrat, TX-20)Phil Gramm (Democrat, TX-6)Jonas Frost III (Democrat, TX-24)Charles W. Stenholm (Democrat, TX-17)Ralph M. Hall (Democrat, TX-4)Wilbur Clarence Daniel (Democrat, VA-5)Don Leroy Bonker (Democrat, WA-3)Michael Edward Lowry (Democrat, WA-7)Thomas Stephen Foley (Democrat, WA-5)Allan Byron Swift (Democrat, WA-2)Norman D. Dicks (Democrat, WA-6)Henry Schoellkopf Reuss (Democrat, WI-5)Clement John Zablocki (Democrat, WI-4)Robert William Kastenmeier (Democrat, WI-2)Leslie Aspin (Democrat, WI-1)David Ross Obey (Democrat, WI-7)Robert Homer Mollohan (Democrat, WV-1)Nick J. Rahall II (Democrat, WV-4)Thomas Michael Foglietta (Independent, PA-1)Don Young (Republican, AK-AL)Albert Lee Smith Jr. (Republican, AL-6)William Jackson Edwards (Republican, AL-1)William Louis Dickinson (Republican, AL-2)Edwin Ruthvin Bethune Jr. (Republican, AR-2)John Paul Hammerschmidt (Republican, AR-3)John Jacob Rhodes (Republican, AZ-1)Eldon Dean Rudd (Republican, AZ-4)Clair Walter Burgener (Republican, CA-43)Donald Holst Clausen (Republican, CA-2)Barry Morris Goldwater Jr. (Republican, CA-20)Wayne Richard Grisham (Republican, CA-33)Paul Norton McCloskey Jr. (Republican, CA-12)John Harbin Rousselot (Republican, CA-26)Eugene A. Chappie (Republican, CA-1)Bobbi Fiedler (Republican, CA-21)Robert Edward Badham (Republican, CA-40)Charles Pashayan Jr. (Republican, CA-17)Norman David Shumway (Republican, CA-14)William Edwin Dannemeyer (Republican, CA-39)Robert John Lagomarsino (Republican, CA-19)William David Lowery (Republican, CA-41)Robert Kenneth Dornan (Republican, CA-27)Carlos John Moorhead (Republican, CA-22)William M. Thomas (Republican, CA-18)Duncan L. Hunter (Republican, CA-42)David Dreier (Republican, CA-35)Jerry Lewis (Republican, CA-37)Daniel E. Lungren (Republican, CA-34)Kenneth Bentley Kramer (Republican, CO-5)George Hanks Brown (Republican, CO-4)Lawrence Joseph DeNardis (Republican, CT-3)Stewart Brett McKinney (Republican, CT-4)Thomas Beverley Evans Jr. (Republican, DE-AL)Louis Arthur Bafalis (Republican, FL-10)Bill McCollum (Republican, FL-5)E. Clay Shaw Jr. (Republican, FL-12)C. W. Bill Young (Republican, FL-6)Newton Leroy Gingrich (Republican, GA-6)Thomas Cooper Evans (Republican, IA-3)Thomas Joseph Tauke (Republican, IA-2)James A. Leach (Republican, IA-1)George Vernon Hansen (Republican, ID-2)Larry E. Craig (Republican, ID-1)Edward Joseph Derwinski (Republican, IL-4)Paul Findley (Republican, IL-20)Robert McClory (Republican, IL-13)Thomas Fisher Railsback (Republican, IL-19)Thomas Joseph Corcoran (Republican, IL-15)Daniel Bever Crane (Republican, IL-22)John Neal Erlenborn (Republican, IL-14)George Miller O’Brien (Republican, IL-17)Lynn Morley Martin (Republican, IL-16)Edward Rell Madigan (Republican, IL-21)Robert Henry Michel (Republican, IL-18)John Edward Porter (Republican, IL-10)Philip M. Crane (Republican, IL-12)Henry John Hyde (Republican, IL-6)Huey Joel Deckard (Republican, IN-8)Elwood Haynes Hillis (Republican, IN-5)John Patrick Hiler (Republican, IN-3)John Thomas Myers (Republican, IN-7)Daniel Coats (Republican, IN-4)James Edmund Jeffries (Republican, KS-2)Edward Lawrence Winn Jr. (Republican, KS-3)Robert Russell Whittaker (Republican, KS-5)Pat Roberts (Republican, KS-1)Marion Gene Snyder (Republican, KY-4)Larry Jones Hopkins (Republican, KY-6)Harold Rogers (Republican, KY-5)William Henson Moore III (Republican, LA-6)Robert Linligthgow Livingston Jr. (Republican, LA-1)Margaret M. Heckler (Republican, MA-10)Silvio Ottavio Conte (Republican, MA-1)Marjorie Sewell Holt (Republican, MD-4)David Farnham Emery (Republican, ME-1)Olympia J. Snowe (Republican, ME-2)James Whitney Dunn (Republican, MI-6)David Alan Stockman (Republican, MI-4)Harold Samuel Sawyer (Republican, MI-5)William S. Broomfield (Republican, MI-19)Robert William Davis (Republican, MI-11)Carl Duane Pursell (Republican, MI-2)Guy Adrian Vander Jagt (Republican, MI-9)Arlen Ingolf Erdahl (Republican, MN-1)Thomas Michael Hagedorn (Republican, MN-2)William Eldridge Frenzel (Republican, MN-3)Arlan Ingehart Stangeland (Republican, MN-7)John Vincent Weber (Republican, MN-6)R. Wendell Bailey (Republican, MO-8)Gene Taylor (Republican, MO-7)Earl Thomas Coleman (Republican, MO-6)Norvell William Emerson (Republican, MO-10)Jon Clifton Hinson (Republican, MS-4)Trent Lott (Republican, MS-5)Ronald Charles Marlenee (Republican, MT-2)Walter Eugene Johnston III (Republican, NC-6)James Grubbs Martin (Republican, NC-9)William Martin Hendon (Republican, NC-11)James Thomas Broyhill (Republican, NC-10)Harold John, Jr., Daub (Republican, NE-2)Virginia Dodd Smith (Republican, NE-3)Douglas K. Bereuter (Republican, NE-1)Judd A. Gregg (Republican, NH-2)Millicent Hammond Fenwick (Republican, NJ-5)Harold Capistran Hollenbeck (Republican, NJ-9)Edwin Bell Forsythe (Republican, NJ-6)James Andrew Courter (Republican, NJ-13)Matthew John Rinaldo (Republican, NJ-12)Marge Roukema (Republican, NJ-7)Christopher H. Smith (Republican, NJ-4)Manuel Luján Jr. (Republican, NM-1)Joseph Skeen (Republican, NM-2)Gregory Wright Carman (Republican, NY-3)John LeBoutillier (Republican, NY-6)Gary Alcide Lee (Republican, NY-33)Donald Jerome Mitchell (Republican, NY-31)Barber Benjamin Conable Jr. (Republican, NY-35)William Carney (Republican, NY-1)Jack French Kemp (Republican, NY-38)George Cornelius Wortley (Republican, NY-32)Guy Victor Molinari (Republican, NY-17)Sedgwick William Green (Republican, NY-18)Frank Jefferson Horton (Republican, NY-34)Norman Frederick Lent (Republican, NY-4)David O’Brien Martin (Republican, NY-30)Raymond Joseph McGrath (Republican, NY-5)Hamilton Fish Jr. (Republican, NY-25)Gerald Brooks Hunt Solomon (Republican, NY-29)Benjamin Gilman (Republican, NY-26)Jean Spencer Ashbrook (Republican, OH-17)Clarence J. Brown Jr. (Republican, OH-7)Tennyson Guyer (Republican, OH-4)John William Stanton (Republican, OH-11)Edward Ford Weber (Republican, OH-9)Lyle Williams (Republican, OH-19)Thomas Norman Kindness (Republican, OH-8)Delbert Leroy Latta (Republican, OH-5)Bob McEwen (Republican, OH-6)Clarence E. Miller (Republican, OH-10)Chalmers Pangburn Wylie (Republican, OH-15)Willis David Gradison Jr. (Republican, OH-1)Ralph Regula (Republican, OH-16)Marvin Henry Edwards (Republican, OK-5)Dennis Alan Smith (Republican, OR-2)Eugene Vincent Atkinson (Republican, PA-25)James Kitchenman Coyne III (Republican, PA-8)Charles Francis Dougherty (Republican, PA-4)Marc Lincoln Marks (Republican, PA-24)James Leo Nelligan (Republican, PA-11)Robert Lawrence Coughlin (Republican, PA-13)Donald Lawrence Ritter (Republican, PA-15)Richard Taylor Schulze (Republican, PA-5)William Floyd Clinger Jr. (Republican, PA-23)Robert Smith Walker (Republican, PA-16)Joseph Michael McDade (Republican, PA-10)William F. Goodling (Republican, PA-19)Elmer Greinert Shuster (Republican, PA-9)Claudine Schneider (Republican, RI-2)John Light Napier (Republican, SC-6)Carroll Ashmore Campbell Jr. (Republican, SC-4)Thomas Forbes Hartnett (Republican, SC-1)Floyd Spence (Republican, SC-2)Clint Ronald Roberts (Republican, SD-2)Robin Leo Beard Jr. (Republican, TN-6)John James Duncan (Republican, TN-2)James Henry Quillen (Republican, TN-1)James Mitchell Collins (Republican, TX-3)Thomas Gilbert Loeffler (Republican, TX-21)Jack Milton Fields Jr. (Republican, TX-8)Bill Archer (Republican, TX-7)Ron Paul (Republican, TX-22)David Daniel Marriott (Republican, UT-2)James V. Hansen (Republican, UT-1)Manley Caldwell Butler (Republican, VA-6)Robert Williams Daniel Jr. (Republican, VA-4)William Creed Wampler (Republican, VA-9)James Kenneth Robinson (Republican, VA-7)Paul Seward Trible Jr. (Republican, VA-1)George William Whitehurst (Republican, VA-2)Stanford E. Parris (Republican, VA-8)Tom Bliley (Republican, VA-3)Frank R. Wolf (Republican, VA-10)James M. Jeffords (Republican, VT-AL)Joel McFee Pritchard (Republican, WA-1)Sidney Wallace Morrison (Republican, WA-4)Steven Craig Gunderson (Republican, WI-3)Toby A. Roth (Republican, WI-8)Thomas E. Petri (Republican, WI-6)F. James Sensenbrenner, Jr. (Republican, WI-9)Cleveland Keith Benedict (Republican, WV-2)David Michael Staton (Republican, WV-3)Richard Bruce Cheney (Republican, WY-AL)
157 new members · 157 departed · 278 served on both dates · women 18 → 19 · median age 50 → 49
30 state delegations changed
Show delegation changes
Arkansas 3 D · 1 R
Arkansas 2 D · 2 R
California 29 D · 14 R
California 22 D · 21 R
Florida 10 D · 5 R
Florida 11 D · 4 R
Georgia 10 D · 0 R
Georgia 9 D · 1 R
Iowa 4 D · 2 R
Iowa 3 D · 3 R
Illinois 12 D · 12 R
Illinois 10 D · 14 R
Indiana 8 D · 3 R
Indiana 6 D · 5 R
Kansas 2 D · 3 R
Kansas 1 D · 4 R
Kentucky 5 D · 2 R
Kentucky 4 D · 3 R
Maryland 5 D · 3 R
Maryland 7 D · 1 R
Michigan 11 D · 8 R
Michigan 12 D · 7 R
Minnesota 5 D · 3 R
Minnesota 3 D · 5 R
Missouri 8 D · 2 R
Missouri 6 D · 4 R
North Carolina 9 D · 2 R
North Carolina 7 D · 4 R
North Dakota 0 D · 1 R
North Dakota 1 D · 0 R
Nebraska 1 D · 2 R
Nebraska 0 D · 3 R
New Jersey 11 D · 4 R
New Jersey 8 D · 7 R
New Mexico 1 D · 1 R
New Mexico 0 D · 2 R
New York 28 D · 11 R
New York 22 D · 17 R
Oregon 4 D · 0 R
Oregon 3 D · 1 R
Pennsylvania 17 D · 8 R
Pennsylvania 11 D · 13 R · 1 other
Rhode Island 2 D · 0 R
Rhode Island 1 D · 1 R
South Carolina 5 D · 1 R
South Carolina 2 D · 4 R
South Dakota 0 D · 2 R
South Dakota 1 D · 1 R
Texas 22 D · 2 R
Texas 19 D · 5 R
Utah 1 D · 1 R
Utah 0 D · 2 R
Virginia 4 D · 6 R
Virginia 1 D · 9 R
Wisconsin 7 D · 2 R
Wisconsin 5 D · 4 R
West Virginia 4 D · 0 R
West Virginia 2 D · 2 R
Wyoming 1 D · 0 R
Wyoming 0 D · 1 R
Who joined and who left (157 in · 157 out)
Albert Lee Smith Jr. R
Alabama-6
Richard C. Shelby D
Alabama-7
Edwin Ruthvin Bethune Jr. R
Arkansas-2
Beryl Franklin Anthony Jr. D
Arkansas-4
Wayne Richard Grisham R
California-33
Eugene A. Chappie R
California-1
Bobbi Fiedler R
California-21
Anthony Lee Coelho D
California-15
Charles Pashayan Jr. R
California-17
Norman David Shumway R
California-14
William Edwin Dannemeyer R
California-39
Mervyn Malcolm Dymally D
California-31
William David Lowery R
California-41
Victor Herbert Fazio Jr. D
California-4
Julian C. Dixon D
California-28
Robert T. Matsui D
California-3
William M. Thomas R
California-18
Duncan L. Hunter R
California-42
Tom Lantos D
California-11
David Dreier R
California-35
Jerry Lewis R
California-37
Daniel E. Lungren R
California-34
Raymond Peter Kogovsek D
Colorado-3
Kenneth Bentley Kramer R
Colorado-5
George Hanks Brown R
Colorado-4
Lawrence Joseph DeNardis R
Connecticut-3
William Richard Ratchford D
Connecticut-5
Sam Gejdenson D
Connecticut-2
Daniel Andrew Mica D
Florida-11
Earl Dewitt Hutto D
Florida-1
Bill McCollum R
Florida-5
E. Clay Shaw Jr. R
Florida-12
Bill Nelson D
Florida-9
Wyche Fowler Jr. D
Georgia-5
Charles Floyd Hatcher D
Georgia-2
Newton Leroy Gingrich R
Georgia-6
Thomas Cooper Evans R
Iowa-3
Thomas Joseph Tauke R
Iowa-2
Larry E. Craig R
Idaho-1
Daniel Bever Crane R
Illinois-22
Harold Washington D
Illinois-1
Lynn Morley Martin R
Illinois-16
Gus Savage D
Illinois-2
John Edward Porter R
Illinois-10
Huey Joel Deckard R
Indiana-8
John Patrick Hiler R
Indiana-3
Daniel Coats R
Indiana-4
James Edmund Jeffries R
Kansas-2
Robert Russell Whittaker R
Kansas-5
Pat Roberts R
Kansas-1
Larry Jones Hopkins R
Kentucky-6
Harold Rogers R
Kentucky-5
Charles Elson Roemer III D
Louisiana-4
Robert Linligthgow Livingston Jr. R
Louisiana-1
William J. Tauzin D
Louisiana-3
James Michael Shannon D
Massachusetts-5
Brian Joseph Donnelly D
Massachusetts-11
Nicholas James Mavroules D
Massachusetts-6
Barney Frank D
Massachusetts-4
Michael Darr Barnes D
Maryland-8
Royden Patrick Dyson D
Maryland-1
Beverly Barton Butcher Byron D
Maryland-6
Steny H. Hoyer D
Maryland-5
Olympia J. Snowe R
Maine-2
James Whitney Dunn R
Michigan-6
Donald Joseph Albosta D
Michigan-10
George William Crockett Jr. D
Michigan-13
Robert William Davis R
Michigan-11
Dennis Mark Hertel D
Michigan-14
Howard Eliot Wolpe III D
Michigan-3
Arlen Ingolf Erdahl R
Minnesota-1
Arlan Ingehart Stangeland R
Minnesota-7
John Vincent Weber R
Minnesota-6
Martin Olav Sabo D
Minnesota-5
R. Wendell Bailey R
Missouri-8
Norvell William Emerson R
Missouri-10
Jon Clifton Hinson R
Mississippi-4
John Patrick Williams D
Montana-1
Walter Eugene Johnston III R
North Carolina-6
William Martin Hendon R
North Carolina-11
Byron L. Dorgan D
North Dakota-AL
Harold John, Jr., Daub R
Nebraska-2
Douglas K. Bereuter R
Nebraska-1
Judd A. Gregg R
New Hampshire-2
James Andrew Courter R
New Jersey-13
Bernard James Dwyer D
New Jersey-15
Frank Joseph Guarini Jr. D
New Jersey-14
Marge Roukema R
New Jersey-7
Christopher H. Smith R
New Jersey-4
Joseph Skeen R
New Mexico-2
Gregory Wright Carman R
New York-3
John LeBoutillier R
New York-6
Gary Alcide Lee R
New York-33
Peter A. Peyser D
New York-23
Geraldine Anne Ferraro D
New York-9
William Carney R
New York-1
George Cornelius Wortley R
New York-32
Robert Garcia D
New York-21
Guy Victor Molinari R
New York-17
Sedgwick William Green R
New York-18
David O’Brien Martin R
New York-30
Raymond Joseph McGrath R
New York-5
Gerald Brooks Hunt Solomon R
New York-29
Charles E. Schumer D
New York-16
Jean Spencer Ashbrook R
Ohio-17
Robert Norton Shamansky D
Ohio-12
Edward Ford Weber R
Ohio-9
Lyle Williams R
Ohio-19
Dennis Edward Eckart D
Ohio-22
Bob McEwen R
Ohio-6
Tony P. Hall D
Ohio-3
David Keith McCurdy D
Oklahoma-4
Michael Lynn Synar D
Oklahoma-2
Dennis Alan Smith R
Oregon-2
Ron Wyden D
Oregon-3
Eugene Vincent Atkinson R
Pennsylvania-25
Donald Allen Bailey D
Pennsylvania-21
James Kitchenman Coyne III R
Pennsylvania-8
Charles Francis Dougherty R
Pennsylvania-4
James Leo Nelligan R
Pennsylvania-11
William Herbert Gray III D
Pennsylvania-2
Donald Lawrence Ritter R
Pennsylvania-15
William Floyd Clinger Jr. R
Pennsylvania-23
Thomas Michael Foglietta I
Pennsylvania-1
William J. Coyne D
Pennsylvania-14
Claudine Schneider R
Rhode Island-2
John Light Napier R
South Carolina-6
Carroll Ashmore Campbell Jr. R
South Carolina-4
Thomas Forbes Hartnett R
South Carolina-1
Clint Ronald Roberts R
South Dakota-2
Thomas A. Daschle D
South Dakota-1
William Hill Boner D
Tennessee-5
Kent Ronald Hance D
Texas-19
William Neff Patman D
Texas-14
Thomas Gilbert Loeffler R
Texas-21
James Marvin Leath D
Texas-11
George Thomas Leland D
Texas-18
Jack Milton Fields Jr. R
Texas-8
Phil Gramm D
Texas-6
Jonas Frost III D
Texas-24
Charles W. Stenholm D
Texas-17
Ron Paul R
Texas-22
Ralph M. Hall D
Texas-4
James V. Hansen R
Utah-1
Stanford E. Parris R
Virginia-8
Tom Bliley R
Virginia-3
Frank R. Wolf R
Virginia-10
Michael Edward Lowry D
Washington-7
Sidney Wallace Morrison R
Washington-4
Allan Byron Swift D
Washington-2
Steven Craig Gunderson R
Wisconsin-3
Toby A. Roth R
Wisconsin-8
Thomas E. Petri R
Wisconsin-6
F. James Sensenbrenner, Jr. R
Wisconsin-9
Cleveland Keith Benedict R
West Virginia-2
David Michael Staton R
West Virginia-3
Richard Bruce Cheney R
Wyoming-AL
Walter Flowers D
Alabama-7
John Hall Buchanan Jr. R
Alabama-6
James (Jim) Guy Tucker Jr. D
Arkansas-2
Raymond Hoyt Thornton Jr. D
Arkansas-4
Yvonne Brathwaite Burke D
California-28
Delwin Morgan Clawson R
California-33
Mark Warren Hannaford D
California-34
William Matthew Ketchum R
California-18
John Hans Krebs D
California-17
Robert Louis Leggett D
California-4
John Joseph McFall D
California-14
John Emerson Moss D
California-3
Shirley Neil Pettis R
California-37
Leo Joseph Ryan D
California-11
Bernice Frederic Sisk D
California-15
Charles Edward Wiggins R
California-39
James Charles Corman D
California-21
Harold Terry Johnson D
California-1
James Fredrick Lloyd D
California-35
Lionel Van Deerlin D
California-42
Charles Herbert Wilson D
California-31
Robert Carlton Wilson R
California-41
Frank Edward Evans D
Colorado-3
James Paul Johnson R
Colorado-4
William Lester Armstrong R
Colorado-5
Ronald Arthur Sarasin R
Connecticut-5
Robert Nicholas Giaimo D
Connecticut-3
Christopher J. Dodd D
Connecticut-2
J. Herbert Burke R
Florida-12
Louis Frey Jr. R
Florida-9
Paul Grant Rogers D
Florida-11
Robert Lee Fulton Sikes D
Florida-1
Richard Kelly R
Florida-5
John James Flynt Jr. D
Georgia-6
Andrew Jackson Young Jr. D
Georgia-5
Marvin Dawson Mathis D
Georgia-2
Michael Thomas Blouin D
Iowa-2
Chuck Grassley R
Iowa-3
Steven Douglas Symms R
Idaho-1
Ralph Harold Metcalfe D
Illinois-1
George Edward Shipley D
Illinois-22
John Bayard Anderson R
Illinois-16
Abner Joseph Mikva D
Illinois-10
Morgan Francis Murphy D
Illinois-2
David Lance Cornwell D
Indiana-8
John Brademas D
Indiana-3
James Danforth Quayle R
Indiana-4
Martha Elizabeth Keys D
Kansas-2
Joe Skubitz R
Kansas-5
Keith George Sebelius R
Kansas-1
John Bayne Breckinridge D
Kentucky-6
Tim Lee Carter R
Kentucky-5
Richard Alvin Tonry D
Louisiana-1
Joseph David Waggonner Jr. D
Louisiana-4
David Conner Treen R
Louisiana-3
James Anthony Burke D
Massachusetts-11
Michael Joseph Harrington D
Massachusetts-6
Robert Frederick Drinan D
Massachusetts-4
Paul Efthemios Tsongas D
Massachusetts-5
Goodloe Edgar Byron D
Maryland-6
Newton Ivan Steers Jr. R
Maryland-8
Robert Edmund Bauman R
Maryland-1
Gladys Noon Spellman D
Maryland-5
William Sebastian Cohen R
Maine-2
Garry Eldridge Brown R
Michigan-3
Elford Albin Cederberg R
Michigan-10
Philip Edward Ruppe R
Michigan-11
Charles Coles Diggs Jr. D
Michigan-13
Lucien Norbert Nedzi D
Michigan-14
Milton Robert Carr D
Michigan-6
Robert Selmer Bergland D
Minnesota-7
Donald MacKay Fraser D
Minnesota-5
Albert Harold Quie R
Minnesota-1
Richard M. Nolan D
Minnesota-6
William Dean Burlison D
Missouri-10
Richard Howard Ichord II D
Missouri-8
Thad Cochran R
Mississippi-4
Max Baucus D
Montana-1
Vonno Lamar Gudger Jr. D
North Carolina-11
Lunsford Richardson Preyer D
North Carolina-6
Mark Andrews R
North Dakota-AL
Charles Thone R
Nebraska-1
John Joseph Cavanaugh D
Nebraska-2
James Colgate Cleveland R
New Hampshire-2
Joseph Anthony LeFante D
New Jersey-14
Helen Stevenson Meyner D
New Jersey-13
Gene Andrew Maguire D
New Jersey-7
Edward James Patten D
New Jersey-15
Frank Thompson Jr. D
New Jersey-4
Harold Lowell Runnels D
New Mexico-2
Herman Badillo D
New York-21
Bruce Faulkner Caputo R
New York-23
James Joseph Delaney D
New York-9
Edward Irving Koch D
New York-18
Edward Worthington Pattison D
New York-29
Otis Grey Pike D
New York-1
William Francis Walsh R
New York-33
Jerome Anthony Ambro Jr. D
New York-3
James Michael Hanley D
New York-32
Elizabeth Holtzman D
New York-16
Robert Cameron McEwen R
New York-30
John Michael Murphy D
New York-17
Lester Lionel Wolff D
New York-6
John Waldemar Wydler R
New York-5
Charles Joseph Carney D
Ohio-19
Charles William Whalen Jr. R
Ohio-3
Thomas Ludlow Ashley D
Ohio-9
Samuel Leeper Devine R
Ohio-12
William Howard Harsha R
Ohio-6
Charles Albert Vanik D
Ohio-22
John Milan Ashbrook R
Ohio-17
Theodore Marshall Risenhoover D
Oklahoma-2
Thomas Jefferson Steed D
Oklahoma-4
Robert Blackford Duncan D
Oregon-3
Albert Conrad Ullman D
Oregon-2
Joseph Scofield Ammerman D
Pennsylvania-23
John Herman Dent D
Pennsylvania-21
Joshua Eilberg D
Pennsylvania-4
Gary Arthur Myers R
Pennsylvania-25
Robert Nelson Cornelius Nix Sr. D
Pennsylvania-2
Frederick Bernard Rooney D
Pennsylvania-15
Daniel John Flood D
Pennsylvania-11
William Singer Moorhead D
Pennsylvania-14
Michael Joseph Myers D
Pennsylvania-1
Peter Houston Kostmayer D
Pennsylvania-8
Edward Peter Beard D
Rhode Island-2
James Robert Mann D
South Carolina-4
Mendel Jackson Davis D
South Carolina-1
John Wilson Jenrette Jr. D
South Carolina-6
James Abdnor R
South Dakota-2
Larry Lee Pressler R
South Dakota-1
Clifford Robertson Allen D
Tennessee-5
Omar Truman Burleson D
Texas-17
Robert Alton Gammage D
Texas-22
Barbara Charline Jordan D
Texas-18
George Herman Mahon D
Texas-19
Dale Milford D
Texas-24
William Robert Poage D
Texas-11
Olin Earl Teague D
Texas-6
John Andrew Young D
Texas-14
Robert Christian Eckhardt D
Texas-8
Herbert Ray Roberts D
Texas-4
Robert Charles Krueger D
Texas-21
Koln Gunn McKay D
Utah-1
Joseph Lyman Fisher D
Virginia-10
Herbert Eugene Harris II D
Virginia-8
David Edward Satterfield III D
Virginia-3
John Edward Cunningham III R
Washington-7
Lloyd Meeds D
Washington-2
Mike McCormack D
Washington-4
Robert John Cornell D
Wisconsin-8
William Albert Steiger R
Wisconsin-6
Alvin James Baldus D
Wisconsin-3
Robert Walter Kasten Jr. R
Wisconsin-9
John Mark Slack Jr. D
West Virginia-3
Harley Orrin Staggers D
West Virginia-2
Teno Roncalio D
Wyoming-AL
legislative/lawsLaws enacted
+1,238Congress.gov ↗
1,238 public laws enacted · 0 landmark · 60 notable · 1,112 routine · 66 ceremonial
Economic Stimulus Appropriations Act of 1977
Pub. L. 95-29 · May 13, 1977
Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977
Pub. L. 95-87 · Aug 3, 1977
Department of Energy Organization Act of 1977
Pub. L. 95-91 · Aug 4, 1977
Food and Agriculture Act of 1977
Pub. L. 95-113 · Sep 29, 1977
Earthquake Hazards Reduction Act of 1977
Pub. L. 95-124 · Oct 7, 1977
Community Reinvestment Act
Pub. L. 95-128 · Oct 12, 1977
Federal Reserve Reform Act of 1977
Pub. L. 95-188 · Nov 16, 1977
Soil and Water Conservation Act
Pub. L. 95-192 · Nov 18, 1977
Saccharin Study and Labeling Act of 1977
Pub. L. 95-203 · Nov 23, 1977
Unlawful Corporate Payments Act of 1977
Pub. L. 95-213 · Dec 19, 1977
Show 30 more notable laws
Clean Water Act of 1977
Pub. L. 95-217 · Dec 27, 1977
International Emergency Economic Powers Act
Pub. L. 95-223 · Dec 28, 1977
Nuclear Non-Proliferation Act of 1978
Pub. L. 95-242 · Mar 10, 1978
Cooperative Forestry Assistance Act of 1978
Pub. L. 95-313 · Jul 1, 1978
International Banking Act of 1978
Pub. L. 95-369 · Sep 17, 1978
Susan B. Anthony Dollar Coin Act of 1978
Pub. L. 95-447 · Oct 10, 1978
Inspector General Act of 1978
Pub. L. 95-452 · Oct 12, 1978
Civil Service Reform Act of 1978
Pub. L. 95-454 · Oct 13, 1978
Drug Abuse Prevention, Treatment, and Rehabilitation Act
Pub. L. 95-461 · Oct 13, 1978
Agricultural Trade Act of 1978
Pub. L. 95-501 · Oct 21, 1978
Airline Deregulation Act
Pub. L. 95-504 · Oct 24, 1978
Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act
Pub. L. 95-511 · Oct 25, 1978
Ethics in Government Act
Pub. L. 95-521 · Oct 26, 1978
Humphrey–Hawkins Full Employment Act
Pub. L. 95-523 · Oct 27, 1978
Pregnancy Discrimination Act
Pub. L. 95-555 · Oct 31, 1978
Contract Disputes Act
Pub. L. 95-563 · Nov 1, 1978
Solar Photovoltaic Energy Research, Development, and Demonstration Act of 1978
Pub. L. 95-590 · Nov 4, 1978
Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978
Pub. L. 95-598 · Nov 6, 1978
Surface Transportation Assistance Act of 1978
Pub. L. 95-599 · Nov 6, 1978
Revenue Act of 1978
Pub. L. 95-600 · Nov 6, 1978
Uranium Mill Tailings Radiation Control Act
Pub. L. 95-604 · Nov 8, 1978
Amateur Sports Act of 1978
Pub. L. 95-606 · Nov 8, 1978
Indian Child Welfare Act
Pub. L. 95-608 · Nov 8, 1978
Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act
Pub. L. 95-617 · Nov 9, 1978
Energy Tax Act
Pub. L. 95-618 · Nov 9, 1978
National Energy Conservation Policy Act
Pub. L. 95-619 · Nov 9, 1978
Financial Institutions Regulatory and Interest Rate Control Act of 1978
Pub. L. 95-630 · Nov 10, 1978
Taiwan Relations Act
Pub. L. 96-8 · Apr 10, 1979
Joint resolution to amend the Public Health Services Act and related health laws to correct printing and other technical errors
Pub. L. 96-32 · Jul 10, 1979
Trade Agreements Act of 1979
Pub. L. 96-39 · Jul 26, 1979

Judicial

judicial/supreme-courtThe Supreme Court
±0Federal Judicial Center ↗
Bench by appointing party: 7 R · 2 D → 7 R · 2 D
9 justices served on both dates
William Joseph Brennan, Jr. R
appointed by Dwight D. Eisenhower · 1957
Potter Stewart R
appointed by Dwight D. Eisenhower · 1959
Byron Raymond White D
appointed by John F. Kennedy · 1962
Thurgood Marshall D
appointed by Lyndon B. Johnson · 1967
Warren Earl Burger R
appointed by Richard M. Nixon · 1969
Harry Andrew Blackmun R
appointed by Richard M. Nixon · 1970
Lewis Franklin Powell, Jr. R
appointed by Richard M. Nixon · 1971
William Hubbs Rehnquist R
appointed by Richard M. Nixon · 1971
John Paul Stevens R
appointed by Gerald Ford · 1975
judicial/lower-courtsAppeals & district courts
+283Federal Judicial Center ↗
Courts of appeals (active judges): 52 R · 39 D → 80 D · 47 R
District courts (active judges): 224 R · 149 D · 11 N( · 1 N( → 292 D · 193 R · 9 N( · 1 N(
Jimmy Carter D appointed 267 judges
56 appeals · 208 district · 3 other
None (reassignment) N( appointed 16 judges
6 district · 10 other
7 circuits flipped majority
First Circuit 1 D · 1 R (tie majority)
First Circuit 3 D · 1 R (D majority)
Fourth Circuit 3 D · 4 R (R majority)
Fourth Circuit 6 D · 4 R (D majority)
Fifth Circuit 6 D · 7 R (R majority)
Fifth Circuit 18 D · 7 R (D majority)
Seventh Circuit 3 D · 5 R (R majority)
Seventh Circuit 4 D · 4 R (tie majority)
Eighth Circuit 4 D · 4 R (tie majority)
Eighth Circuit 5 D · 3 R (D majority)
Ninth Circuit 3 D · 8 R (R majority)
Ninth Circuit 16 D · 7 R (D majority)
Tenth Circuit 3 D · 4 R (R majority)
Tenth Circuit 5 D · 3 R (D majority)
D and R describe the party of the appointing president, not the judge. Active service ends when a judge takes senior status.
judicial/rulingsSupreme Court decisions
+547Supreme Court Database ↗
547 argued decisions · 18 landmark
Califano v. Goldfarb
430 U.S. 199 · Mar 2, 1977 · Decided 5–4 · Civil Rights · Affirmed · Declared federal law unconstitutional
Complete Auto Transit, Inc. v. Brady
430 U.S. 274 · Mar 7, 1977 · Decided 9–0 · Economic Activity · Affirmed · Overruled precedent
Continental T.V., Inc. v. GTE Sylvania Inc.
433 U.S. 36 · Jun 23, 1977 · Decided 6–2 · Economic Activity · Affirmed · Overruled precedent
Wainwright v. Sykes
433 U.S. 72 · Jun 23, 1977 · Decided 7–2 · Criminal Procedure · Reversed and remanded · Overruled precedent
Shaffer v. Heitner
433 U.S. 186 · Jun 24, 1977 · Decided 7–1 · Due Process · Reversed · Overruled precedent · Struck down state law
Department of Revenue of Washington v. Association of Washington Stevedoring Companies
435 U.S. 734 · Apr 26, 1978 · Decided 8–0 · Economic Activity · Reversed and remanded · Overruled precedent
Marshall v. Barlow's, Inc.
436 U.S. 307 · May 23, 1978 · Decided 5–3 · Criminal Procedure · Affirmed · Declared federal law unconstitutional
Monell v. Department of Social Services of the City of New York
436 U.S. 658 · Jun 6, 1978 · Decided 7–2 · Civil Rights · Reversed · Overruled precedent
Burks v. United States
437 U.S. 1 · Jun 14, 1978 · Decided 8–0 · Criminal Procedure · Reversed and remanded · Overruled precedent
United States v. Scott
437 U.S. 82 · Jun 14, 1978 · Decided 5–4 · Criminal Procedure · Reversed and remanded · Overruled precedent
Show 8 more
Regents of the University of California v. Bakke
Jun 26, 1978 · Decided 5–4 · Civil Rights · Affirmed in part, reversed in part
Duren v. Missouri
Jan 9, 1979 · Decided 8–1 · Civil Rights · Reversed and remanded · Overruled precedent · Struck down state law
Hughes v. Oklahoma
Apr 24, 1979 · Decided 7–2 · Federalism · Reversed · Overruled precedent · Struck down state law
Califano v. Westcott
Jun 25, 1979 · Decided 5–4 · Civil Rights · Affirmed · Declared federal law unconstitutional
Trammel v. United States
Feb 27, 1980 · Decided 9–0 · Judicial Power · Affirmed · Overruled precedent
United States v. Salvucci
Jun 25, 1980 · Decided 7–2 · Criminal Procedure · Reversed and remanded · Overruled precedent
Thomas v. Washington Gas Light Co.
Jun 27, 1980 · Decided 7–2 · Economic Activity · Reversed and remanded · Overruled precedent
United States v. Will
Dec 15, 1980 · Decided 8–0 · Miscellaneous · Affirmed in part, reversed in part, remanded · Declared federal law unconstitutional
Landmark means the Court overruled precedent, struck down a federal law, or the case is on a curated landmark list.

Fiscal

fiscal/budgetThe federal budget
+20% real spendingOMB Historical Tables ↗
Fiscal year 1977 → fiscal year 1981 · inflation-adjusted with the GDP price index
Spending $409B
FY1977
Spending $678B
FY1981 · +66% nominal · +20% after inflation
Revenue $356B
FY1977
Revenue $599B
FY1981 · +69% nominal · +22% after inflation
Surplus / deficit −$53.7B
FY1977
Surplus / deficit −$79.0B
FY1981 · −$25.3B
Spending, % of GDP 20.2%
FY1977
Spending, % of GDP 21.6%
FY1981 · +1.4 pts
Debt held by the public, % of GDP 27.1%
FY1977
Debt held by the public, % of GDP 25.2%
FY1981 · −1.9 pts
Spending by function · real change
National Defense
$97.2B → $158B · +18%
Social Security
$85.1B → $140B · +19%
Income Security
$61.0B → $100B · +19%
Net interest
$29.9B → $68.8B · +67%
Medicare
$19.3B → $39.1B · +47%
Education, Training, Employment, and Social Services
$21.1B → $33.1B · +14%
Health
$17.3B → $26.9B · +13%
Transportation
$14.8B → $23.4B · +14%
Veterans Benefits and Services
$18.0B → $23.0B · −7.4%
Energy
$5.8B → $15.2B · +91%
Natural Resources and Environment
$10.0B → $13.6B · −1.8%
International Affairs
$6.4B → $13.1B · +50%
General Government
$12.8B → $11.4B · −35%
Agriculture
$6.7B → $11.2B · +21%
Community and Regional Development
$7.0B → $10.6B · +9.3%
Commerce and Housing Credit
$3.1B → $8.2B · +93%
fiscal/debtTotal public debt outstanding
+$287BTreasury Fiscal Data ↗
$620B
as of Jun 30, 1976
$908B
as of Sep 30, 1980

Constitution & Union

constitution/amendmentsAmendments & statehood
±0National Archives ↗
26 → 26 amendments in force · 50 → 50 states
No amendments ratified and no states admitted. The last amendment was the 27th, in 1992.

Log

logEverything in between
91 events
James Earl Carter takes office · 1977-01-20Califano v. Goldfarb · 1977-03-02Complete Auto Transit, Inc. v. Brady · 1977-03-07Economic Stimulus Appropriations Act of 1977 · 1977-05-13Continental T.V., Inc. v. GTE Sylvania Inc. · 1977-06-23Wainwright v. Sykes · 1977-06-23Shaffer v. Heitner · 1977-06-24Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977 · 1977-08-03United States Department of Energy · 1977-08-04Department of Energy Organization Act of 1977 · 1977-08-04Food and Agriculture Act of 1977 · 1977-09-29Energy Research and Development Administration · 1977-10-01Federal Energy Regulatory Commission · 1977-10-01Earthquake Hazards Reduction Act of 1977 · 1977-10-07Community Reinvestment Act · 1977-10-12Federal Reserve Reform Act of 1977 · 1977-11-16Soil and Water Conservation Act · 1977-11-18Saccharin Study and Labeling Act of 1977 · 1977-11-23Office of Administration · 1977-12-12Unlawful Corporate Payments Act of 1977 · 1977-12-19Clean Water Act of 1977 · 1977-12-27International Emergency Economic Powers Act · 1977-12-28Federal Labor Relations Authority · 1978-01-01Nuclear Non-Proliferation Act of 1978 · 1978-03-10Department of Revenue of Washington v. Association of Washington Stevedoring Companies · 1978-04-26Marshall v. Barlow's, Inc. · 1978-05-23Monell v. Department of Social Services of the City of New York · 1978-06-06Burks v. United States · 1978-06-14United States v. Scott · 1978-06-14Regents of the University of California v. Bakke · 1978-06-26Cooperative Forestry Assistance Act of 1978 · 1978-07-01International Banking Act of 1978 · 1978-09-17Susan B. Anthony Dollar Coin Act of 1978 · 1978-10-10Inspector General Act of 1978 · 1978-10-12Civil Service Reform Act of 1978 · 1978-10-13Drug Abuse Prevention, Treatment, and Rehabilitation Act · 1978-10-13Agricultural Trade Act of 1978 · 1978-10-21Airline Deregulation Act · 1978-10-24Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act · 1978-10-25Ethics in Government Act · 1978-10-26Humphrey–Hawkins Full Employment Act · 1978-10-27Pregnancy Discrimination Act · 1978-10-31Contract Disputes Act · 1978-11-01Solar Photovoltaic Energy Research, Development, and Demonstration Act of 1978 · 1978-11-04Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978 · 1978-11-06Surface Transportation Assistance Act of 1978 · 1978-11-06Revenue Act of 1978 · 1978-11-06Uranium Mill Tailings Radiation Control Act · 1978-11-08Amateur Sports Act of 1978 · 1978-11-08Indian Child Welfare Act · 1978-11-08Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act · 1978-11-09Energy Tax Act · 1978-11-09National Energy Conservation Policy Act · 1978-11-09Financial Institutions Regulatory and Interest Rate Control Act of 1978 · 1978-11-10United States Merit Systems Protection Board · 1979-01-01United States Office of Special Counsel · 1979-01-01Duren v. Missouri · 1979-01-09Federal Renegotiation Board · 1979-03-31Taiwan Relations Act · 1979-04-10Hughes v. Oklahoma · 1979-04-24Califano v. Westcott · 1979-06-25Joint resolution to amend the Public Health Services Act and related health laws to correct printing and other technical errors · 1979-07-10Trade Agreements Act of 1979 · 1979-07-26Panama Canal Act of 1979 · 1979-09-27Export Administration Act of 1979 · 1979-09-29United States Department of Education · 1979-10-17Department of Education Organization Act · 1979-10-17United States African Development Foundation · 1980-01-01Trammel v. United States · 1980-02-27Refugee Act · 1980-03-17Depository Institutions Deregulation and Monetary Control Act · 1980-03-30Depository Institutions Deregulation and Monetary Control Act · 1980-03-31Crude Oil Windfall Profit Tax Act of 1980 · 1980-04-02United States Department of Health, Education, and Welfare · 1980-05-04United States Department of Health and Human Services · 1980-05-04United States v. Salvucci · 1980-06-25Thomas v. Washington Gas Light Co. · 1980-06-27Energy Security Act · 1980-06-30Motor Carrier Act of 1980 · 1980-07-01Regulatory Flexibility Act · 1980-09-19Fish and Wildlife Conservation Act of 1980 · 1980-09-29Mental Health Systems Act of 1980 · 1980-10-07Staggers Rail Act · 1980-10-14Classified Information Procedures Act · 1980-10-15Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act · 1980-12-02Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA or Superfund) · 1980-12-11Paperwork Reduction Act · 1980-12-11Defense Officer Personnel Management Act · 1980-12-12Bayh–Dole Act · 1980-12-12United States v. Will · 1980-12-15Nuclear Safety, Research, Demonstration, and Development Act of 1980 · 1980-12-221978197919801981
  1. presidentJames Earl Carter takes office
  2. rulingCalifano v. Goldfarb
  3. rulingComplete Auto Transit, Inc. v. Brady
  4. lawEconomic Stimulus Appropriations Act of 1977
  5. rulingContinental T.V., Inc. v. GTE Sylvania Inc.
  6. rulingWainwright v. Sykes
  7. rulingShaffer v. Heitner
  8. lawSurface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977
  9. agency+United States Department of Energy
  10. lawDepartment of Energy Organization Act of 1977
  11. lawFood and Agriculture Act of 1977
  12. agency−Energy Research and Development Administration
  13. agency+Federal Energy Regulatory Commission
  14. lawEarthquake Hazards Reduction Act of 1977
  15. lawCommunity Reinvestment Act
  16. lawFederal Reserve Reform Act of 1977
  17. lawSoil and Water Conservation Act
  18. lawSaccharin Study and Labeling Act of 1977
  19. agency+Office of Administration
  20. lawUnlawful Corporate Payments Act of 1977
  21. lawClean Water Act of 1977
  22. lawInternational Emergency Economic Powers Act
  23. agency+Federal Labor Relations Authority
  24. lawNuclear Non-Proliferation Act of 1978
  25. rulingDepartment of Revenue of Washington v. Association of Washington Stevedoring Companies
  26. rulingMarshall v. Barlow's, Inc.
  27. rulingMonell v. Department of Social Services of the City of New York
  28. rulingBurks v. United States
  29. rulingUnited States v. Scott
  30. rulingRegents of the University of California v. Bakke
  31. lawCooperative Forestry Assistance Act of 1978
  32. lawInternational Banking Act of 1978
  33. lawSusan B. Anthony Dollar Coin Act of 1978
  34. lawInspector General Act of 1978
  35. lawCivil Service Reform Act of 1978
  36. lawDrug Abuse Prevention, Treatment, and Rehabilitation Act
  37. lawAgricultural Trade Act of 1978
  38. lawAirline Deregulation Act
  39. lawForeign Intelligence Surveillance Act
  40. lawEthics in Government Act
  41. lawHumphrey–Hawkins Full Employment Act
  42. lawPregnancy Discrimination Act
  43. lawContract Disputes Act
  44. lawSolar Photovoltaic Energy Research, Development, and Demonstration Act of 1978
  45. lawBankruptcy Reform Act of 1978
  46. lawSurface Transportation Assistance Act of 1978
  47. lawRevenue Act of 1978
  48. lawUranium Mill Tailings Radiation Control Act
  49. lawAmateur Sports Act of 1978
  50. lawIndian Child Welfare Act
  51. lawPublic Utility Regulatory Policies Act
  52. lawEnergy Tax Act
  53. lawNational Energy Conservation Policy Act
  54. lawFinancial Institutions Regulatory and Interest Rate Control Act of 1978
  55. agency+United States Merit Systems Protection Board
  56. agency+United States Office of Special Counsel
  57. rulingDuren v. Missouri
  58. agency−Federal Renegotiation Board
  59. lawTaiwan Relations Act
  60. rulingHughes v. Oklahoma
  61. rulingCalifano v. Westcott
  62. lawJoint resolution to amend the Public Health Services Act and related health laws to correct printing and other technical errors
  63. lawTrade Agreements Act of 1979
  64. lawPanama Canal Act of 1979
  65. lawExport Administration Act of 1979
  66. agency+United States Department of Education
  67. lawDepartment of Education Organization Act
  68. agency+United States African Development Foundation
  69. rulingTrammel v. United States
  70. lawRefugee Act
  71. lawDepository Institutions Deregulation and Monetary Control Act
  72. lawDepository Institutions Deregulation and Monetary Control Act
  73. lawCrude Oil Windfall Profit Tax Act of 1980
  74. agency−United States Department of Health, Education, and Welfare
  75. agency+United States Department of Health and Human Services
  76. rulingUnited States v. Salvucci
  77. rulingThomas v. Washington Gas Light Co.
  78. lawEnergy Security Act
  79. lawMotor Carrier Act of 1980
  80. lawRegulatory Flexibility Act
  81. lawFish and Wildlife Conservation Act of 1980
  82. lawMental Health Systems Act of 1980
  83. lawStaggers Rail Act
  84. lawClassified Information Procedures Act
  85. lawAlaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act
  86. lawComprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA or Superfund)
  87. lawPaperwork Reduction Act
  88. lawDefense Officer Personnel Management Act
  89. lawBayh–Dole Act
  90. rulingUnited States v. Will
  91. lawNuclear Safety, Research, Demonstration, and Development Act of 1980