How did the United States change between Nov 21, 1963 and Jan 19, 1969?
Pick two dates. See the laws, the executive orders, the courts, Congress, federal agencies, the Constitution and the budget, as a diff.
$ civicdiff 1963-11-21..1969-01-19 # 5.2 years
jsonLaws enacted
+69major laws · full counts from 1973
Executive orders
—records start in 1994
Final rules
—records start in 1994
Supreme Court
2 of 9seats changed hands
Agencies
+25 −4departments & tracked agencies
Public debt
+$41.7B$306B → $348B
The presidency passed from John Fitzgerald Kennedy to Lyndon Baines Johnson. 30 senators and 168 representatives took seats that they did not hold before. 2 new justices joined the Supreme Court. Inflation-adjusted federal spending changed +34% (FY1964 → FY1969). 2 constitutional amendments were ratified.
Executive
executive/presidentThe presidencyJohn Fitzgerald Kennedy D
35th president
Lyndon Baines Johnson D
36th president · took office Nov 22, 1963
executive/vice-presidentThe vice presidencyLyndon Baines Johnson D
Hubert Horatio Humphrey Jr. D
took office Jan 20, 1965
executive/cabinetCabinet & senior officials+16−13Wikidata ↗
Secretary of the Treasury · 2 people took this office in between
Secretary of Defense
Attorney General · 2 people took this office in between
Postmaster General · 2 people took this office in between
Secretary of the Navy · 3 people took this office in between
Secretary of Commerce
vacant or abolished
Show 7 more cabinet offices
Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare · 2 people took this office in between
Secretary of Housing and Urban Development · 2 people took this office in between
office did not exist
Secretary of Transportation
office did not exist
White House Chief of Staff · 3 people took this office in between
Director of the Office of Management and Budget · 2 people took this office in between
Ambassador to the United Nations · 3 people took this office in between
Director of Central Intelligence
Other senior officials (5 changed)
Postmaster General · 2 people took this office in between
Secretary of the Navy · 3 people took this office in between
Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff
National Security Advisor
Solicitor General
vacant or abolished
5 offices unchanged
Secretary of State: Dean Rusk D
Secretary of the Interior: Stewart L. Udall D
Secretary of Agriculture: Orville Freeman D
Chair of the Federal Reserve: William McChesney Martin D
Director of the FBI: J. Edgar Hoover I
executive/ordersExecutive ordersno dataFederal Register API ↗
Federal Register records of executive orders begin in 1994.
executive/agenciesFederal agencies+25−4Wikidata ↗
195 → 216 tracked organizations · 11 → 13 executive departments
United States Department of Housing and Urban Development department
established Sep 9, 1965 · cabinet department in the Executive branch of the United States federal government
United States Department of Transportation department
established Oct 15, 1966 · U.S. federal executive department overseeing highways, railroads, aviation, transit, and other modes of transportation
Administrative Conference of the United States
established Jan 1, 1964 · independent agency of the United States government dedicated to improving federal agency administrative processes and procedures
Appalachian Regional Commission
established Jan 1, 1965 · United States independent federal agency that works for sustainable community and economic development in Appalachia
Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
established Jan 1, 1965 · American government agency
National Endowment for the Arts
established Jan 1, 1965 · independent agency of the United States federal government
National Endowment for the Humanities
established Sep 29, 1965 · independent federal agency of the United States government
Advisory Council on Historic Preservation
established Jan 1, 1966 · United States federal agency that encourages the preservation of historic properties across the nation
National Transportation Safety Board
established Apr 1, 1967 · United States government investigative agency for civil transportation accidents
Council on Environmental Quality
established Jan 1, 1969 · U.S. presidential advisory committee on environmental policy
Show 19 more
Office of Economic Opportunity
established Jan 1, 1964 · US American government entity
Federal Transit Administration
established Jul 9, 1964 · US agency providing financial and technical assistance to public transport operators
Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services
established Jan 1, 1965 · United States federal agency
Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation
established Jan 1, 1965 · part of the US federal department of Health and Human Services
U.S. Economic Development Administration
established Jan 1, 1965 · singular United States federal government agency focused exclusively on economic development
Defense Contract Audit Agency
established Jan 8, 1965 · American Dept of Defense auditing agency
Environmental Science Services Administration
established Jul 13, 1965 · former agency in the United States federal government
Federal Highway Administration
established Jan 1, 1966 · United States federal government agency
Federal Railroad Administration
established Jan 1, 1966 · agency of the U.S. Department of Transportation
National Earthquake Information Center
established Jan 1, 1966 · U.S. national data center and archive for earthquake information
Fermilab
established Nov 21, 1967 · high-energy particle physics laboratory in Illinois, USA
National Institute of Justice
established Jan 1, 1968 · United States institute of the Office of Justice Programs, Department of Justice
Food and Nutrition Service
established Jan 1, 1969 · U.S. federal anti-hunger program
Historic American Engineering Record
established Jan 1, 1969 · program of the U.S. National Park Service
Minority Business Development Agency
established Jan 1, 1969 · US Department of Commerce division for marginalized ethnic groups
National Capital Transportation Agency
abolished Feb 20, 1967 · agency created in 1960 by President Dwight D. Eisenhower to comprehensively plan different modes of transportation in the Washington, D.C. area · replaced by WMATA
Housing and Home Finance Agency
abolished Sep 9, 1965 · was responsible for the principal housing programs of the United States from 1947–1965 · replaced by United States Department of Housing and Urban Development
Federal Bureau of Narcotics
abolished Jan 1, 1968 · former agency of the United States Department of the Treasury · replaced by Q434371,Drug Enforcement Administration,Bureau of Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs
Public Housing Administration
abolished Jan 1, 1968 · former United States federal government agency
Agency start and end dates come from Wikidata, which covers smaller bureaus unevenly.
Military
military/conflictsArmed conflictsU.S. in 1 armed conflict → 2
Vietnam: South Vietnam vs. the Viet Cong
ended Dec 31, 1964 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against FNL
Laotian Civil War
began Dec 31, 1963 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against Pathet Lao
Vietnam War
began Dec 31, 1965 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against North Vietnam
An armed conflict here means at least 25 battle deaths in a year, with U.S. forces as a party or fighting for a government (UCDP's definition). Air strikes, raids, and advisory missions below that threshold aren't included. UN peacekeeping missions are excluded.
military/authorizationsDeclarations of war & authorizationsGulf of Tonkin Resolution
Aug 10, 1964 · Authorized military force in Southeast Asia (Pub. L. 88-408).
Legislative
legislative/controlControl of Congress88
89
90
91
Top: House · Bottom: Senate DemocraticRepublican
88th Congress → 91st Congress · 3 new Congresses elected
0 changes of chamber control along the way
House: Democrat majority on both dates
250 D · 177 R → 243 D · 192 R
Senate: Democrat majority on both dates
67 D · 33 R → 57 D · 42 R
legislative/senateSenate+30−31congress-legislators ↗
30 new members · 31 departed · 69 served on both dates · women 2 → 1 · median age 59 → 56
18 seats changed party
Clair Engle D
California
George Lloyd Murphy R
California
James Glenn Beall R
Maryland
Joseph Davies Tydings D
Maryland
Edwin Leard Mechem R
New Mexico
Joseph Manuel Montoya D
New Mexico
Patrick Vincent McNamara D
Michigan
Robert Paul Griffin R
Michigan
Show 14 more seat flips
Herbert Sanford Walters D
Tennessee
Howard Henry Baker Jr. R
Tennessee
Paul Howard Douglas D
Illinois
Charles Harting Percy R
Illinois
Maurine Brown Neuberger D
Oregon
Mark Odom Hatfield R
Oregon
J. Strom Thurmond D
South Carolina
J. Strom Thurmond R
South Carolina
Edward Lewis Bartlett D
Alaska
Ted F. Stevens R
Alaska
Frank John Lausche D
Ohio
William Bart Saxbe R
Ohio
George Armistead Smathers D
Florida
Edward John Gurney R
Florida
Harold Everett Hughes D
Iowa
Almer Stillwell Mike Monroney D
Oklahoma
Henry Louis Bellmon R
Oklahoma
Joseph Sill Clark D
Pennsylvania
Richard Schultz Schweiker R
Pennsylvania
Carl Trumbull Hayden D
Arizona
Barry Morris Goldwater R
Arizona
Daniel Baugh Brewster D
Maryland
Charles McCurdy Mathias Jr. R
Maryland
Thomas Henry Kuchel R
California
Alan Cranston D
California
Wayne Lyman Morse D
Oregon
Robert William Packwood R
Oregon
Who joined and who left (30 in · 31 out)
Ted F. Stevens R
Alaska
Maurice Robert Gravel D
Alaska
James Browning Allen D
Alabama
Paul Jones Fannin R
Arizona
George Lloyd Murphy R
California
Alan Cranston D
California
Edward John Gurney R
Florida
Harold Everett Hughes D
Iowa
Charles Harting Percy R
Illinois
Robert Joseph Dole R
Kansas
Marlow Webster Cook R
Kentucky
Edward William Brooke III R
Massachusetts
Joseph Davies Tydings D
Maryland
Charles McCurdy Mathias Jr. R
Maryland
Robert Paul Griffin R
Michigan
Walter Frederick Mondale D
Minnesota
Thomas Francis Eagleton D
Missouri
Joseph Manuel Montoya D
New Mexico
Charles Ellsworth Goodell R
New York
William Bart Saxbe R
Ohio
Fred Roy Harris D
Oklahoma
Henry Louis Bellmon R
Oklahoma
Mark Odom Hatfield R
Oregon
Robert William Packwood R
Oregon
Richard Schultz Schweiker R
Pennsylvania
Ernest F. Hollings D
South Carolina
Howard Henry Baker Jr. R
Tennessee
Harry Flood Byrd Jr. D
Virginia
William Belser Spong Jr. D
Virginia
Clifford Peter Hansen R
Wyoming
Edward Lewis Bartlett D
Alaska
Ernest Gruening D
Alaska
Joseph Lister Hill D
Alabama
Carl Trumbull Hayden D
Arizona
Clair Engle D
California
Thomas Henry Kuchel R
California
George Armistead Smathers D
Florida
Paul Howard Douglas D
Illinois
Everett McKinley Dirksen R
Illinois
Frank Carlson R
Kansas
Thruston Ballard Morton R
Kentucky
Leverett Saltonstall R
Massachusetts
James Glenn Beall R
Maryland
Daniel Baugh Brewster D
Maryland
Patrick Vincent McNamara D
Michigan
Hubert Horatio Humphrey Jr. D
Minnesota
Edward Vaughn Long D
Missouri
Edwin Leard Mechem R
New Mexico
Kenneth Barnard Keating R
New York
Frank John Lausche D
Ohio
James Howard Edmondson D
Oklahoma
Almer Stillwell Mike Monroney D
Oklahoma
Maurine Brown Neuberger D
Oregon
Wayne Lyman Morse D
Oregon
Joseph Sill Clark D
Pennsylvania
Olin DeWitt Talmadge Johnston D
South Carolina
Herbert Sanford Walters D
Tennessee
Harry Flood Byrd D
Virginia
Absalom Willis Robertson D
Virginia
Milward Lee Simpson R
Wyoming
legislative/houseHouse+168−160congress-legislators ↗
168 new members · 160 departed · 267 served on both dates · women 11 → 10 · median age 52 → 52
32 state delegations changed
Show delegation changes
Alaska 1 D · 0 R
Alaska 0 D · 1 R
Alabama 1 D · 0 R
Alabama 5 D · 3 R
Arkansas 4 D · 0 R
Arkansas 3 D · 1 R
Arizona 2 D · 1 R
Arizona 1 D · 2 R
California 24 D · 14 R
California 21 D · 17 R
Colorado 2 D · 2 R
Colorado 3 D · 1 R
Connecticut 5 D · 1 R
Connecticut 4 D · 2 R
Delaware 1 D · 0 R
Delaware 0 D · 1 R
Florida 10 D · 2 R
Florida 9 D · 3 R
Georgia 10 D · 0 R
Georgia 8 D · 2 R
Iowa 1 D · 6 R
Iowa 2 D · 5 R
Idaho 2 D · 0 R
Idaho 0 D · 2 R
Kentucky 5 D · 2 R
Kentucky 4 D · 3 R
Maryland 6 D · 2 R
Maryland 4 D · 4 R
Maine 0 D · 2 R
Maine 2 D · 0 R
Michigan 8 D · 11 R
Michigan 7 D · 12 R
Minnesota 4 D · 4 R
Minnesota 3 D · 5 R
Missouri 8 D · 2 R
Missouri 9 D · 1 R
North Carolina 9 D · 2 R
North Carolina 7 D · 4 R
New Jersey 7 D · 8 R
New Jersey 9 D · 6 R
New Mexico 1 D · 0 R
New Mexico 0 D · 2 R
New York 20 D · 21 R
New York 26 D · 15 R
Oklahoma 5 D · 1 R
Oklahoma 4 D · 2 R
Oregon 3 D · 1 R
Oregon 2 D · 2 R
Pennsylvania 13 D · 14 R
Pennsylvania 14 D · 13 R
South Carolina 6 D · 0 R
South Carolina 5 D · 1 R
Tennessee 6 D · 3 R
Tennessee 5 D · 4 R
Texas 21 D · 2 R
Texas 20 D · 3 R
Virginia 8 D · 2 R
Virginia 5 D · 5 R
Washington 1 D · 6 R
Washington 5 D · 2 R
Wisconsin 4 D · 6 R
Wisconsin 3 D · 7 R
West Virginia 4 D · 1 R
West Virginia 5 D · 0 R
Who joined and who left (168 in · 160 out)
Howard Wallace Pollock R
Alaska-AL
George William Andrews D
Alabama-3
Robert Emmett Jones Jr. D
Alabama-8
Walter Flowers D
Alabama-5
John Hall Buchanan Jr. R
Alabama-6
William Jackson Edwards R
Alabama-1
William Flynt Nichols D
Alabama-4
William Louis Dickinson R
Alabama-2
Tom Bevill D
Alabama-7
William Vollie Alexander Jr. D
Arkansas-1
John Paul Hammerschmidt R
Arkansas-3
David Hampton Pryor D
Arkansas-4
Sam Steiger R
Arizona-3
Edwin Reinecke R
California-27
John Varick Tunney D
California-38
Robert Bruce Mathias R
California-18
Jerome Russell Waldie D
California-14
Jerry Lyle Pettis R
California-33
Thomas Mankell Rees D
California-26
Delwin Morgan Clawson R
California-23
Charles Edward Wiggins R
California-25
Paul Norton McCloskey Jr. R
California-11
Phillip Burton D
California-5
Glenn Malcolm Anderson D
California-17
Frank Edward Evans D
Colorado-3
Thomas Joseph Meskill R
Connecticut-6
Lowell Palmer Weicker Jr. R
Connecticut-4
William V. Roth Jr. R
Delaware-AL
J. Herbert Burke R
Florida-10
Louis Frey Jr. R
Florida-5
William Venroe Chappell Jr. D
Florida-4
Maston Emmett O’Neal Jr. D
Georgia-2
Standish Fletcher Thompson R
Georgia-5
Benjamin Bentley Blackburn R
Georgia-4
Williamson Sylvester Stuckey Jr. D
Georgia-8
Jack Thomas Brinkley D
Georgia-3
Patsy Takemoto Mink D
Hawaii-1
Wiley Mayne R
Iowa-6
William Joseph Scherle R
Iowa-7
John Chester Culver D
Iowa-2
Orval Howard Hansen R
Idaho-2
James Albertus McClure R
Idaho-1
Daniel John Ronan D
Illinois-6
Abner Joseph Mikva D
Illinois-2
Thomas Fisher Railsback R
Illinois-19
John Neal Erlenborn R
Illinois-14
Frank Annunzio D
Illinois-7
Sidney Richard Yates D
Illinois-9
David Worth Dennis R
Indiana-10
Earl Fredrick Landgrebe R
Indiana-2
Roger Herschel Zion R
Indiana-8
Andrew Jacobs Jr. D
Indiana-11
John Thomas Myers R
Indiana-7
Lee Herbert Hamilton D
Indiana-9
Chester Louis Mize R
Kansas-2
Keith George Sebelius R
Kansas-1
Edward Lawrence Winn Jr. R
Kansas-3
William Owen Cowger R
Kentucky-3
Tim Lee Carter R
Kentucky-5
Patrick Thomson Caffery D
Louisiana-3
Edwin Washington Edwards D
Louisiana-7
Speedy Oteria Long D
Louisiana-8
John Richard Rarick D
Louisiana-6
Margaret M. Heckler R
Massachusetts-10
John Glenn Beall Jr. R
Maryland-6
Lawrence Joseph Hogan R
Maryland-5
Gilbert Gude R
Maryland-8
William Dodd Hathaway D
Maine-2
Peter Nicholas Kyros D
Maine-1
Jack H. McDonald R
Michigan-19
Marvin Leonel Esch R
Michigan-2
Garry Eldridge Brown R
Michigan-3
Philip Edward Ruppe R
Michigan-11
Donald Wayne Riegle Jr. R
Michigan-7
Guy Adrian Vander Jagt R
Michigan-9
William David Ford D
Michigan-15
John Conyers, Jr. D
Michigan-1
John Matthew Zwach R
Minnesota-6
William Leonard Hungate D
Missouri-9
James Wadsworth Symington D
Missouri-2
William Dean Burlison D
Missouri-10
William Lacy Clay Sr. D
Missouri-1
Charles Hudson Griffin D
Mississippi-3
Gillespie V. Montgomery D
Mississippi-4
Nick Galifianakis D
North Carolina-4
Wilmer David Mizell R
North Carolina-5
Earl Baker Ruth R
North Carolina-8
Lunsford Richardson Preyer D
North Carolina-6
Walter Beaman Jones Sr. D
North Carolina-1
Thomas Savig Kleppe R
North Dakota-2
Mark Andrews R
North Dakota-1
Robert Vernon Denney R
Nebraska-1
John Edmund Hunt R
New Jersey-1
Charles William Sandman Jr. R
New Jersey-2
Henry Helstoski D
New Jersey-9
James John Howard D
New Jersey-3
Manuel Luján Jr. R
New Mexico-1
Daniel Evan Button R
New York-29
Allard Kenneth Lowenstein D
New York-5
Richard Dean McCarthy D
New York-39
Martin Boswell McKneally R
New York-27
Frank James Brasco D
New York-11
Bertram L. Podell D
New York-13
Henry P. Smith III R
New York-40
James Fred Hastings R
New York-38
Edward Irving Koch D
New York-17
James Michael Hanley D
New York-34
Robert Cameron McEwen R
New York-31
Lester Lionel Wolff D
New York-3
Jonathan Brewster Bingham D
New York-23
Shirley Anita Chisholm D
New York-12
Barber Benjamin Conable Jr. R
New York-37
Richard Lawrence Ottinger D
New York-25
Mario Biaggi D
New York-24
James Haas Scheuer D
New York-21
Hamilton Fish Jr. R
New York-28
Charles William Whalen Jr. R
Ohio-3
Clarence J. Brown Jr. R
Ohio-7
John William Stanton R
Ohio-11
Donald Edgar Lukens R
Ohio-24
Clarence E. Miller R
Ohio-10
Chalmers Pangburn Wylie R
Ohio-15
Louis Stokes D
Ohio-21
John Newbold Happy Camp R
Oklahoma-6
John Richard Dellenback R
Oregon-4
Wendell Wyatt R
Oregon-1
George Robert Watkins R
Pennsylvania-9
Lawrence Gordon Williams R
Pennsylvania-7
Edward George Biester Jr. R
Pennsylvania-8
Edwin Duing Eshleman R
Pennsylvania-16
William Joseph Green D
Pennsylvania-5
Albert Walter Johnson R
Pennsylvania-23
Joseph Phillip Vigorito D
Pennsylvania-24
Joshua Eilberg D
Pennsylvania-4
Frederick Bernard Rooney D
Pennsylvania-15
Robert Lawrence Coughlin R
Pennsylvania-13
Joseph Matthew Gaydos D
Pennsylvania-20
Gus Yatron D
Pennsylvania-6
Robert Owens Tiernan D
Rhode Island-2
Thomas Smithwick Gettys D
South Carolina-5
James Robert Mann D
South Carolina-4
William Robert Anderson D
Tennessee-6
Leonard Ray Blanton D
Tennessee-7
Dan Heflin Kuykendall R
Tennessee-9
John James Duncan R
Tennessee-2
Earle Cabell D
Texas-5
Robert Dale Price R
Texas-18
Robert Christian Eckhardt D
Texas-8
James Mitchell Collins R
Texas-3
Richard Crawford White D
Texas-16
Abraham Kazen Jr. D
Texas-23
George Herbert Walker Bush R
Texas-7
James Jarrell Pickle D
Texas-10
Eligio II de la Garza D
Texas-15
William Lloyd Scott R
Virginia-8
David Edward Satterfield III D
Virginia-3
William Creed Wampler R
Virginia-9
George William Whitehurst R
Virginia-2
Wilbur Clarence Daniel D
Virginia-5
Floyd Verne Hicks D
Washington-6
Lloyd Meeds D
Washington-2
Brockman Adams D
Washington-7
Thomas Stephen Foley D
Washington-5
Glenn Robert Davis R
Wisconsin-9
William Albert Steiger R
Wisconsin-6
James Kee D
West Virginia-5
Robert Homer Mollohan D
West Virginia-1
John Schiller Wold R
Wyoming-AL
Ralph Julian Rivers D
Alaska-AL
Carl Atwood Elliott D
Alabama-AL
Oren Harris D
Arkansas-4
James William Trimble D
Arkansas-3
Ezekiel Candler Gathings D
Arkansas-1
George Frederick Senner Jr. D
Arizona-3
Everett Glen Burkhalter D
California-27
Clyde Gilman Doyle D
California-23
Patrick Minor Martin R
California-38
John Francis Shelley D
California-5
Harry Richard Sheppard D
California-33
John Finley Baldwin Jr. R
California-14
Ronald Brooks Cameron D
California-25
Harlan Francis Hagen D
California-18
James Roosevelt D
California-26
Cecil Rhodes King D
California-17
Jesse Arthur Younger R
California-11
John Edgar Chenoweth R
Colorado-3
Abner Woodruff Sibal R
Connecticut-4
Bernard Francis Grabowski D
Connecticut-AL
Harris Brown McDowell Jr. D
Delaware-AL
Donald Ray Matthews D
Florida-8
Albert Sydney Herlong Jr. D
Florida-5
Edward John Gurney R
Florida-11
Elijah Lewis Forrester D
Georgia-3
John Leonard Pilcher D
Georgia-2
Carl Vinson D
Georgia-6
James Russell Tuten D
Georgia-8
Charles Longstreet Weltner D
Georgia-5
Thomas Ponce Gill D
Hawaii-1
James Edward Bromwell R
Iowa-2
Charles Bernard Hoeven R
Iowa-6
Benton Franklin Jensen R
Iowa-7
Ralph R. Harding D
Idaho-2
Compton Ignatius White Jr. D
Idaho-1
Edward Rowan Finnegan D
Illinois-9
Elmer Joseph Hoffman R
Illinois-14
Roland Victor Libonati D
Illinois-7
Robert Thaddeus McLoskey R
Illinois-19
Thomas Joseph O’Brien D
Illinois-6
Barratt O’Hara D
Illinois-2
Donald Cogley Bruce R
Indiana-11
Earl Wilson R
Indiana-9
Winfield Kirkpatrick Denton D
Indiana-8
Ralph Harvey R
Indiana-10
Charles Abraham Halleck R
Indiana-2
John Edward Roush D
Indiana-5
William Henry Avery R
Kansas-2
Robert Fred Ellsworth R
Kansas-3
Robert Joseph Dole R
Kansas-1
Eugene Siler R
Kentucky-5
Frank Leslie Chelf D
Kentucky-4
James Hobson Morrison D
Louisiana-6
Theo Ashton Thompson D
Louisiana-7
Edwin Edward Willis D
Louisiana-3
Gillis William Long D
Louisiana-8
Joseph William Martin Jr. R
Massachusetts-10
Richard Estep Lankford D
Maryland-5
Carlton Ralph Sickles D
Maryland-AL
Charles McCurdy Mathias Jr. R
Maryland-6
Clifford Guy McIntire R
Maine-2
Stanley Roger Tupper R
Maine-1
John Bonifas Bennett R
Michigan-12
August Edgar Johansen R
Michigan-3
Victor Alfred Knox R
Michigan-11
John Lesinski Jr. D
Michigan-16
George Meader R
Michigan-2
Harold Martin Ryan D
Michigan-14
Neil Oliver Staebler D
Michigan-AL
Robert Paul Griffin R
Michigan-9
Alec Gehard Olson D
Minnesota-6
Clarence Andrew Cannon D
Missouri-9
Paul Caruthers Jones D
Missouri-10
Thomas Bradford Curtis R
Missouri-2
Frank Melvin Karsten D
Missouri-1
William Arthur Winstead D
Mississippi-4
John Bell Williams D
Mississippi-3
Herbert Covington Bonner D
North Carolina-1
Harold Dunbar Cooley D
North Carolina-4
Ralph James Scott D
North Carolina-5
Horace Robinson Kornegay D
North Carolina-6
Basil Lee Whitener D
North Carolina-10
Hjalmar Carl Nygaard R
North Dakota-1
Don Levingston Short R
North Dakota-2
Ralph Frederick Beermann R
Nebraska-1
James Coats Auchincloss R
New Jersey-3
Milton Willits Glenn R
New Jersey-2
Frank Charles Osmers Jr. R
New Jersey-9
George Marvin Wallhauser R
New Jersey-12
Joseph Manuel Montoya D
New Mexico-AL
Robert Raymond Barry R
New York-25
Frank John Becker R
New York-5
Charles Anthony Buckley D
New York-23
Steven Boghos Derounian R
New York-3
James Christopher Healey D
New York-21
Clarence Evans Kilburn R
New York-31
William Edward Miller R
New York-40
Harold Charles Ostertag R
New York-37
John Raymond Pillion R
New York-39
Roy Walter Riehlman R
New York-34
Katharine Price Collier St. George R
New York-27
James Ernest Wharton R
New York-28
Eugene James Keogh D
New York-11
John Vliet Lindsay R
New York-17
Leo William O’Brien D
New York-29
Paul Albert Fino R
New York-24
Edna Flannery Kelly D
New York-12
Abraham Jacob Multer D
New York-13
Charles Ellsworth Goodell R
New York-38
Homer E. Abele R
Ohio-10
Oliver Payne Bolton R
Ohio-11
Carl West Rich R
Ohio-1
Paul Fornshell Schenck R
Ohio-3
Clarence J. Brown R
Ohio-7
Robert Thompson Secrest D
Ohio-15
Frances Payne Bolton R
Ohio-22
Victor Eugene Wickersham D
Oklahoma-6
Albin Walter Norblad Jr. R
Oregon-1
Robert Blackford Duncan D
Oregon-4
William Joseph Green Jr. D
Pennsylvania-5
Leon Harry Gavin R
Pennsylvania-23
William H. Milliken Jr. R
Pennsylvania-7
Francis Eugene Walter D
Pennsylvania-15
James Dorman Weaver R
Pennsylvania-24
Willard Sevier Curtin R
Pennsylvania-8
Paul Bartram Dague R
Pennsylvania-9
John Crain Kunkel R
Pennsylvania-16
Herman Toll D
Pennsylvania-4
Elmer Joseph Holland D
Pennsylvania-20
George Milton Rhodes D
Pennsylvania-6
Richard Schultz Schweiker R
Pennsylvania-13
John Edward Fogarty D
Rhode Island-2
Robert Witherspoon Hemphill D
South Carolina-5
Robert Thomas Ashmore D
South Carolina-4
Ross Bass D
Tennessee-6
Howard Henry Baker R
Tennessee-2
Clifford Davis D
Tennessee-9
Thomas Jefferson Murray D
Tennessee-7
Bruce Reynolds Alger R
Texas-5
Joe Madison Kilgore D
Texas-15
William Homer Thornberry D
Texas-10
Lindley Garrison Beckworth Sr. D
Texas-3
Walter Edward Rogers D
Texas-18
Albert Thomas D
Texas-8
Clark Wallace Thompson D
Texas-9
Joe Richard Pool D
Texas-AL
Julian Vaughan Gary D
Virginia-3
William Pat Jennings D
Virginia-9
Howard Worth Smith D
Virginia-8
Porter Hardy Jr. D
Virginia-2
William Munford Tuck D
Virginia-5
Walter Franklin Horan R
Washington-5
K. William Stinson R
Washington-7
Thor Carl Tollefson R
Washington-6
Alfred John Westland R
Washington-2
Lester Roland Johnson D
Wisconsin-9
William Kaiser Van Pelt R
Wisconsin-6
Maude Elizabeth Kee D
West Virginia-5
Arch Alfred Moore Jr. R
West Virginia-1
William Henry Harrison R
Wyoming-AL
legislative/lawsLaws enactedComplete lists of public laws start with the 93rd Congress (Jan 3, 1973). Earlier years show notable and landmark acts only.
69 laws recorded · 9 landmark · 60 notable
Library Services and Construction Act
Pub. L. 88-269 · Feb 11, 1964
Show 30 more notable laws
Revenue Act of 1964
Pub. L. 88-272 · Feb 26, 1964
Presidential Transition Act of 1963
Pub. L. 88-277 · Mar 7, 1964
Urban Mass Transportation Act of 1964 (Federal Transit Act)
Pub. L. 88-365 · Jul 9, 1964
Gulf of Tonkin Resolution
Pub. L. 88-408 · Aug 10, 1964
Economic Opportunity Act of 1964
Pub. L. 88-452 · Aug 20, 1964
Food Stamp Act of 1964
Pub. L. 88-525 · Aug 31, 1964
Wilderness Act
Pub. L. 88-577 · Sep 3, 1964
Land and Water Conservation Act
Pub. L. 88-578 · Sep 3, 1964
Nurse Training Act
Pub. L. 88-581 · Sep 4, 1964
Older Americans Act
Pub. L. 89-73 · Jul 14, 1965
Coinage Act of 1965
Pub. L. 89-81 · Jul 23, 1965
Cigarette Labeling and Advertising Act
Pub. L. 89-92 · Jul 27, 1965
Housing and Urban Development Act of 1965
Pub. L. 89-117 · Aug 10, 1965
Public Works and Economic Development Act of 1965
Pub. L. 89-136 · Aug 26, 1965
Department of Housing and Urban Development Act
Pub. L. 89-174 · Sep 9, 1965
National Foundation on the Arts and the Humanities Act
Pub. L. 89-209 · Sep 29, 1965
Heart Disease, Cancer, and Stroke Amendments
Pub. L. 89-239 · Oct 6, 1965
National Emissions Standards Act
Pub. L. 89-272 · Oct 20, 1965
Highway Beautification Act
Pub. L. 89-285 · Oct 22, 1965
Flood Control Act of 1965
Pub. L. 89-298 · Oct 27, 1965
Food and Agriculture Act of 1965
Pub. L. 89-321 · Nov 3, 1965
Vocational Rehabilitation Act Amendments
Pub. L. 89-333 · Nov 8, 1965
Uniform Time Act
Pub. L. 89-387 · Apr 13, 1966
Cotton Research and Promotion Act
Pub. L. 89-502 · Jul 13, 1966
Animal Welfare Act of 1966
Pub. L. 89-544 · Aug 24, 1966
National Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act
Pub. L. 89-563 · Sep 9, 1966
Highway Safety Act
Pub. L. 89-564 · Sep 9, 1966
Child Nutrition Act
Pub. L. 89-642 · Oct 11, 1966
National Historic Preservation Act of 1966
Pub. L. 89-665 · Oct 15, 1966
National Wildlife Refuge System Administration Act of 1966
Pub. L. 89-669 · Oct 15, 1966
Judicial
judicial/supreme-courtThe Supreme CourtBench by appointing party: 5 D · 4 R → 5 D · 4 R
Tom C. Clark D
appointed by Harry S Truman · 1949
Arthur Joseph Goldberg D
appointed by John F. Kennedy · 1962
Abe Fortas D
appointed by Lyndon B. Johnson · 1965
Thurgood Marshall D
appointed by Lyndon B. Johnson · 1967
7 justices served on both dates
Hugo Lafayette Black D
appointed by Franklin D. Roosevelt · 1937
William Orville Douglas D
appointed by Franklin D. Roosevelt · 1939
Earl Warren R
appointed by Dwight D. Eisenhower · 1954
John Marshall Harlan R
appointed by Dwight D. Eisenhower · 1955
William Joseph Brennan, Jr. R
appointed by Dwight D. Eisenhower · 1957
Potter Stewart R
appointed by Dwight D. Eisenhower · 1959
Byron Raymond White D
appointed by John F. Kennedy · 1962
judicial/lower-courtsAppeals & district courtsCourts of appeals (active judges): 38 D · 37 R → 60 D · 27 R
District courts (active judges): 189 D · 106 R · 3 N( · 1 N( → 244 D · 82 R · 19 N( · 1 N(
John F. Kennedy D appointed 3 judges
1 appeals · 2 district
Lyndon B. Johnson D appointed 187 judges
2 Supreme Court · 40 appeals · 132 district · 13 other
None (reassignment) N( appointed 19 judges
19 district
6 circuits flipped majority
Fourth Circuit 2 D · 3 R (R majority)
Fourth Circuit 4 D · 3 R (D majority)
Fifth Circuit 3 D · 6 R (R majority)
Fifth Circuit 11 D · 2 R (D majority)
Sixth Circuit 2 D · 3 R (R majority)
Sixth Circuit 6 D · 2 R (D majority)
Seventh Circuit 3 D · 4 R (R majority)
Seventh Circuit 5 D · 2 R (D majority)
Eighth Circuit 3 D · 4 R (R majority)
Eighth Circuit 5 D · 3 R (D majority)
Ninth Circuit 2 D · 6 R (R majority)
Ninth Circuit 5 D · 5 R (tie majority)
D and R describe the party of the appointing president, not the judge. Active service ends when a judge takes senior status.
judicial/rulingsSupreme Court decisions589 argued decisions · 30 landmark
Wesberry v. Sanders
376 U.S. 1 · Feb 17, 1964 · Decided 6–3 · Civil Rights · Reversed and remanded · Overruled precedent · Struck down state law
New York Times Co. v. Sullivan
376 U.S. 254 · Mar 9, 1964 · Decided 9–0 · First Amendment · Reversed and remanded · Struck down state law
Schneider v. Rusk
377 U.S. 163 · May 18, 1964 · Decided 5–3 · Civil Rights · Reversed · Overruled precedent · Declared federal law unconstitutional
Reynolds v. Sims
377 U.S. 533 · Jun 15, 1964 · Decided 8–1 · Civil Rights · Affirmed · Struck down state law
Malloy v. Hogan
378 U.S. 1 · Jun 15, 1964 · Decided 5–4 · Criminal Procedure · Reversed · Overruled precedent
Murphy v. Waterfront Commission of New York Harbor
378 U.S. 52 · Jun 15, 1964 · Decided 9–0 · Criminal Procedure · Affirmed in part, reversed in part, remanded · Overruled precedent
Jackson v. Denno
378 U.S. 368 · Jun 22, 1964 · Decided 6–3 · Criminal Procedure · Reversed and remanded · Overruled precedent
Escobedo v. Illinois
378 U.S. 478 · Jun 22, 1964 · Decided 5–4 · Criminal Procedure · Reversed and remanded · Overruled precedent
Aptheker v. Secretary of State
378 U.S. 500 · Jun 22, 1964 · Decided 6–3 · First Amendment · Reversed and remanded · Declared federal law unconstitutional
McLaughlin v. Florida
379 U.S. 184 · Dec 7, 1964 · Decided 9–0 · Civil Rights · Reversed · Overruled precedent · Struck down state law
Show 20 more
Heart of Atlanta Motel, Inc. v. United States
Dec 14, 1964 · Decided 9–0 · Civil Rights · Affirmed
Pointer v. Texas
Apr 5, 1965 · Decided 9–0 · Criminal Procedure · Reversed and remanded · Overruled precedent
Lamont v. Postmaster General
May 24, 1965 · Decided 8–0 · First Amendment · Reversed · Declared federal law unconstitutional
United States v. Brown
Jun 7, 1965 · Decided 5–4 · First Amendment · Affirmed · Overruled precedent · Declared federal law unconstitutional
Griswold v. Connecticut
Jun 7, 1965 · Decided 7–2 · Privacy · Reversed · Struck down state law
Albertson v. Subversive Activities Control Board
Nov 15, 1965 · Decided 8–0 · First Amendment · Reversed · Declared federal law unconstitutional
Swift & Co., Inc. v. Wickham
Nov 22, 1965 · Decided 6–3 · Judicial Power · Dismissed · Overruled precedent
United States v. Romano
Nov 22, 1965 · Decided 9–0 · Due Process · Affirmed · Declared federal law unconstitutional
Harris v. United States
Dec 6, 1965 · Decided 5–4 · Criminal Procedure · Reversed and remanded · Overruled precedent
South Carolina v. Katzenbach
Mar 7, 1966 · Decided 8–1 · Civil Rights · Dismissed
Harper v. Virginia Board of Elections
Mar 24, 1966 · Decided 6–3 · Civil Rights · Reversed · Overruled precedent · Struck down state law
Miranda v. Arizona
Jun 13, 1966 · Decided 5–4 · Criminal Procedure · Reversed · Overruled precedent
Spevack v. Klein
Jan 16, 1967 · Decided 5–4 · Criminal Procedure · Reversed · Overruled precedent
Keyishian v. Board of Regents of the University of the State of New York
Jan 23, 1967 · Decided 5–4 · First Amendment · Reversed and remanded · Overruled precedent · Struck down state law
Afroyim v. Rusk
May 29, 1967 · Decided 5–4 · Civil Rights · Reversed · Overruled precedent · Declared federal law unconstitutional
Warden v. Hayden
May 29, 1967 · Decided 6–3 · Criminal Procedure · Reversed · Overruled precedent
Camara v. Municipal Court of the City and County of San Francisco
Jun 5, 1967 · Decided 6–3 · Criminal Procedure · Vacated and remanded · Overruled precedent · Struck down local ordinance
Loving v. Virginia
Jun 12, 1967 · Decided 9–0 · Civil Rights · Reversed · Struck down state law
Berger v. New York
Jun 12, 1967 · Decided 6–3 · Criminal Procedure · Reversed · Overruled precedent · Struck down state law
United States v. Robel
Dec 11, 1967 · Decided 6–2 · First Amendment · Affirmed · Declared federal law unconstitutional
Landmark means the Court overruled precedent, struck down a federal law, or the case is on a curated landmark list.
Fiscal
fiscal/budgetThe federal budget+34% real spendingOMB Historical Tables ↗
Fiscal year 1964 → fiscal year 1969 · inflation-adjusted with the GDP price index
Spending $119B
FY1964
Spending $184B
FY1969 · +55% nominal · +34% after inflation
Revenue $113B
FY1964
Revenue $187B
FY1969 · +66% nominal · +43% after inflation
Surplus / deficit −$5.9B
FY1964
Surplus / deficit $3.2B
FY1969 · +$9.2B
Spending, % of GDP 17.9%
FY1964
Spending, % of GDP 18.7%
FY1969 · +0.8 pts
Debt held by the public, % of GDP 38.8%
FY1964
Debt held by the public, % of GDP 28.4%
FY1969 · −10.4 pts
Spending by function · real change
fiscal/debtTotal public debt outstanding+$41.7BTreasury Fiscal Data ↗
$306B
as of Jun 30, 1963
$348B
as of Jun 30, 1968
Constitution & Union
constitution/amendmentsAmendments & statehood23 → 25 amendments in force · 50 → 50 states
Amendment XXIV Abolition of poll taxes in federal elections
ratified Jan 23, 1964 · Prohibits poll taxes in federal elections.
Amendment XXV Presidential succession and disability
ratified Feb 10, 1967 · Procedures for presidential succession, vice-presidential vacancies, and incapacity.
Log
logEverything in between132 events
- presidentLyndon Baines Johnson takes office
- lawClean Air Act
- war+Laotian Civil War
- agency+Administrative Conference of the United States
- amendmentAbolition of poll taxes in federal elections
- lawLibrary Services and Construction Act
- rulingWesberry v. Sanders
- lawRevenue Act of 1964
- lawPresidential Transition Act of 1963
- rulingNew York Times Co. v. Sullivan
- rulingSchneider v. Rusk
- rulingReynolds v. Sims
- rulingMalloy v. Hogan
- rulingMurphy v. Waterfront Commission of New York Harbor
- rulingJackson v. Denno
- rulingEscobedo v. Illinois
- rulingAptheker v. Secretary of State
- lawCivil Rights Act of 1964
- lawUrban Mass Transportation Act of 1964 (Federal Transit Act)
- lawGulf of Tonkin Resolution
- lawEconomic Opportunity Act of 1964
- lawFood Stamp Act of 1964
- lawWilderness Act
- lawLand and Water Conservation Act
- lawNurse Training Act
- rulingMcLaughlin v. Florida
- rulingHeart of Atlanta Motel, Inc. v. United States
- agency+Appalachian Regional Commission
- agency+Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
- agency+National Endowment for the Arts
- war−Vietnam: South Vietnam vs. the Viet Cong
- presidentLyndon Baines Johnson takes office
- rulingPointer v. Texas
- lawElementary and Secondary Education Act
- rulingLamont v. Postmaster General
- rulingUnited States v. Brown
- rulingGriswold v. Connecticut
- lawOlder Americans Act
- lawCoinage Act of 1965
- lawCigarette Labeling and Advertising Act
- lawSocial Security Amendments of 1965
- lawVoting Rights Act of 1965
- lawHousing and Urban Development Act of 1965
- justiceAbe Fortas — Associate Justice
- lawPublic Works and Economic Development Act of 1965
- agency+United States Department of Housing and Urban Development
- lawDepartment of Housing and Urban Development Act
- agency+National Endowment for the Humanities
- lawNational Foundation on the Arts and the Humanities Act
- lawImmigration and Nationality Act of 1965
- lawHeart Disease, Cancer, and Stroke Amendments
- lawNational Emissions Standards Act
- lawHighway Beautification Act
- lawFlood Control Act of 1965
- lawFood and Agriculture Act of 1965
- lawHigher Education Act of 1965
- lawVocational Rehabilitation Act Amendments
- rulingAlbertson v. Subversive Activities Control Board
- rulingSwift & Co., Inc. v. Wickham
- rulingUnited States v. Romano
- rulingHarris v. United States
- war+Vietnam War
- agency+Advisory Council on Historic Preservation
- rulingSouth Carolina v. Katzenbach
- rulingHarper v. Virginia Board of Elections
- lawUniform Time Act
- rulingMiranda v. Arizona
- lawFreedom of Information Act
- lawCotton Research and Promotion Act
- lawAnimal Welfare Act of 1966
- lawNational Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act
- lawHighway Safety Act
- lawChild Nutrition Act
- agency+United States Department of Transportation
- lawNational Historic Preservation Act of 1966
- lawNational Wildlife Refuge System Administration Act of 1966
- lawDepartment of Transportation Act
- lawForeign Gifts and Decorations Act
- lawCuban Adjustment Act
- lawComprehensive Health, Planning and Service Act
- lawDemonstration Cities and Metropolitan Development Act
- rulingSpevack v. Klein
- rulingKeyishian v. Board of Regents of the University of the State of New York
- amendmentPresidential succession and disability
- agency−National Capital Transportation Agency
- agency+National Transportation Safety Board
- lawSupplemental Defense Appropriations Act
- rulingAfroyim v. Rusk
- rulingWarden v. Hayden
- rulingCamara v. Municipal Court of the City and County of San Francisco
- rulingLoving v. Virginia
- rulingBerger v. New York
- lawEducation Professions Development Act
- justiceThurgood Marshall — Associate Justice
- lawPublic Broadcasting Act of 1967
- rulingUnited States v. Robel
- lawUniform Congressional District Act
- lawWholesome Meat Act
- lawAge Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967
- lawNational Park Foundation Act
- rulingKatz v. United States
- lawBilingual Education Act
- rulingMarchetti v. United States
- rulingGrosso v. United States
- rulingHaynes v. United States
- lawFire Research and Safety Act of 1968
- rulingUnited States v. Jackson
- lawCivil Rights Act of 1968
- lawAgricultural Fair Practices Act of 1967
- rulingPeyton v. Rowe
- rulingBruton v. United States
- rulingDuncan v. Louisiana
- rulingCarafas v. Lavallee
- lawConsumer Credit Protection Act
- rulingTerry v. Ohio
- rulingLee v. Florida
- rulingJones v. Alfred H. Mayer Co.
- lawOmnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968
- lawUniform Monday Holiday Act
- lawRevenue and Expenditure Control Act of 1968
- lawAircraft Noise Abatement Act
- lawHousing and Urban Development Act of 1968
- lawArchitectural Barriers Act of 1968
- lawFederal-Aid Highway Act of 1968
- lawWild and Scenic Rivers Act
- lawNational Trails System Act
- lawHealth Services and Facilities Amendments of 1968
- lawRadiation Control for Health and Safety Act of 1968
- lawGun Control Act of 1968
- lawForeign Military Sales Act of 1968
- agency+Council on Environmental Quality