How did the United States change between Oct 15, 1926 and Oct 15, 2026?

Pick two dates. See the laws, the executive orders, the courts, Congress, federal agencies, the Constitution and the budget, as a diff.

⇄
Trump II so farBiden termTrump I termObama termSince 9/11Since ReaganPostwar → now
$ civicdiff 1926-10-15..2026-10-15 # 100 years json
Laws enacted
+3,030
major laws · full counts from 1973
Executive orders
+1,549
signed · since 1994 only
Final rules
+119,835
9,497 significant
Supreme Court
9 of 9
seats changed hands
Agencies
+434 −119
departments & tracked agencies
Public debt
+$40.3T
$19.6B → $40.3T

The presidency passed from Calvin Coolidge to Donald J. Trump across 17 transitions. 100 senators and 433 representatives took seats that they did not hold before. 9 new justices joined the Supreme Court. 8 constitutional amendments were ratified.

Executive

executive/presidentThe presidency
+1−1National Archives ↗
Calvin Coolidge R
30th president
16 presidents in between
Herbert Clark Hoover R
took office Mar 4, 1929
Franklin Delano Roosevelt D
took office Mar 4, 1933
Harry S. Truman D
took office Apr 12, 1945
Dwight David Eisenhower R
took office Jan 20, 1953
John Fitzgerald Kennedy D
took office Jan 20, 1961
Lyndon Baines Johnson D
took office Nov 22, 1963
Richard Milhous Nixon R
took office Jan 20, 1969
Gerald Rudolph Ford Jr. R
took office Aug 9, 1974
James Earl Carter D
took office Jan 20, 1977
Ronald Wilson Reagan R
took office Jan 20, 1981
George Herbert Walker Bush R
took office Jan 20, 1989
William Jefferson Clinton D
took office Jan 20, 1993
George Walker Bush R
took office Jan 20, 2001
Barack Hussein Obama D
took office Jan 20, 2009
Donald J. Trump R
took office Jan 20, 2017
Joseph Robinette Biden Jr. D
took office Jan 20, 2021
Donald J. Trump R
47th president · took office Jan 20, 2025
executive/vice-presidentThe vice presidency
+1−1Senate Historical Office ↗
Charles Gates Dawes R
J.D. Vance R
took office Jan 20, 2025
executive/cabinetCabinet & senior officials
+30−12Wikidata ↗
Secretary of State · 27 people took this office in between
Frank B. Kellogg R
Marco Rubio R
Secretary of the Treasury · 30 people took this office in between
Andrew W. Mellon R
Scott Bessent
Secretary of War · 5 people took this office in between
Dwight Filley Davis Sr. R
vacant or abolished
Secretary of Defense · 29 people took this office in between
office did not exist
Pete Hegseth R
Attorney General · 34 people took this office in between
John G. Sargent R
Todd Blanche R
Postmaster General · 8 people took this office in between
Harry Stewart New R
David P. Steiner
Show 19 more cabinet offices
Secretary of the Interior · 18 people took this office in between
Hubert Work R
Doug Burgum R
Secretary of Agriculture · 18 people took this office in between
William Marion Jardine R
Brooke Rollins
Secretary of Commerce · 27 people took this office in between
Herbert Hoover R
Howard Lutnick R
Secretary of Labor · 21 people took this office in between
Keith Sonderling
Secretary of Health and Human Services · 14 people took this office in between
office did not exist
Robert F. Kennedy Jr. I
Secretary of Housing and Urban Development · 19 people took this office in between
office did not exist
Scott Turner R
Secretary of Transportation · 19 people took this office in between
office did not exist
Sean Duffy R
Secretary of Energy · 19 people took this office in between
office did not exist
Chris Wright
Secretary of Education · 14 people took this office in between
office did not exist
Linda McMahon R
Secretary of Veterans Affairs · 12 people took this office in between
office did not exist
Doug Collins R
Secretary of Homeland Security · 9 people took this office in between
office did not exist
Markwayne Mullin R
White House Chief of Staff · 36 people took this office in between
office did not exist
Susie Wiles R
Director of the Office of Management and Budget · 43 people took this office in between
Herbert Mayhew Lord R
Russell Vought R
Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency · 16 people took this office in between
office did not exist
Lee Zeldin R
Ambassador to the United Nations · 42 people took this office in between
office did not exist
Mike Waltz R
Director of National Intelligence · 11 people took this office in between
office did not exist
Jay Clayton I
Director of the Central Intelligence Agency · 10 people took this office in between
office did not exist
John Ratcliffe R
Administrator of the Small Business Administration · 11 people took this office in between
office did not exist
Kelly Loeffler R
U.S. Trade Representative · 7 people took this office in between
office did not exist
Jamieson Greer
Other senior officials (6 changed)
Postmaster General · 8 people took this office in between
Harry Stewart New R
David P. Steiner
Chair of the Federal Reserve · 14 people took this office in between
Daniel Richard Crissinger D
Kevin Warsh R
Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff · 24 people took this office in between
office did not exist
Dan Caine
Director of the FBI · 9 people took this office in between
office did not exist
Kash Patel
National Security Advisor · 29 people took this office in between
office did not exist
Marco Rubio R (acting)
Solicitor General · 20 people took this office in between
William D. Mitchell R
D. John Sauer
executive/ordersExecutive orders
+1,549Federal Register API ↗
1,549 executive orders signed · William J. Clinton 308 · George W. Bush 291 · Barack Obama 278 · Donald Trump 510 · Joseph R. Biden Jr. 162
EO 12902 Energy Efficiency and Water Conservation at Federal Facilities
Mar 8, 1994 · William J. Clinton · revoked by EO 13123
EO 12919 National Defense Industrial Resources Preparedness
Jun 3, 1994 · William J. Clinton
EO 12936 Amendments to the Manual for Courts-Martial, United States, 1984
Nov 10, 1994 · William J. Clinton
EO 12940 Amendment to Civil Service Rule VI
Nov 28, 1994 · William J. Clinton
EO 12944 Adjustments of Certain Rates of Pay and Allowances
Dec 28, 1994 · William J. Clinton · revoked by EO 12984
EO 12958 Classified National Security Information
Apr 17, 1995 · William J. Clinton · revoked by EO 13526
EO 12960 Amendments to the Manual for Courts-Martial, United States, 1984
May 12, 1995 · William J. Clinton
EO 12968 Access to Classified Information
Aug 2, 1995 · William J. Clinton
Show 6 more
EO 12984 Adjustments of Certain Rates of Pay and Allowances
Dec 28, 1995 · William J. Clinton
EO 13029 Implementing, for the United States, the Provisions of An- nex 1 of the Decision Concerning Legal Capacity and Privileges and Immunities, Issued by the Council of Ministers of the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe on December 1, 1993
Dec 3, 1996 · William J. Clinton
EO 13033 Executive Order 13033 of December 27, 1996
Dec 27, 1996 · William J. Clinton
EO 13071 Adjustments of Certain Rates of Pay
Dec 29, 1997 · William J. Clinton
EO 13086 1998 Amendments to the Manual for Courts-Martial, United States
May 27, 1998 · William J. Clinton
EO 13101 Greening the Government Through Waste Prevention, Recycling, and Federal Acquisition
Sep 14, 1998 · William J. Clinton
Only orders signed after Dec 30, 1993 are counted; Federal Register coverage starts there.
executive/nominationsSenate confirmations
+16,930Congress.gov ↗
23,049 civilian nominations received · 16,930 confirmed · 816 withdrawn · 4,883 returned to the President
Caspar Willard Weinberger, of California, to be Secretary of Defense.
confirmed Jan 20, 1981 · 97–2
William Emerson Brock III, of Tennessee, to be United States Trade Representative, with the rank of Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, vice Reubin O'D Askew.
confirmed Jan 21, 1981 · 99–0
Richard S. Schweiker, of Pennsylvania, to be Secretary of Health and Human Services.
confirmed Jan 21, 1981 · 99–0
Donald T. Regan, of New Jersey, to be Secretary of the Treasury.
confirmed Jan 21, 1981 · 98–0
Alexander Meigs Haig, Jr., of Connecticut, to be Secretary of State.
confirmed Jan 21, 1981 · 93–6
T. H. Bell, of Utah, to be Secretary of Education.
confirmed Jan 22, 1981 · 90–2
Andrew L. Lewis, Jr., of Pennsylvania, to be Secretary of Transportation.
confirmed Jan 22, 1981 · 98–0
James B. Edwards, of South Carolina, to be Secretary of Energy.
confirmed Jan 22, 1981 · 93–3
Samuel R. Pierce, Jr., of New York, to be Secretary of Housing and Urban Development.
confirmed Jan 22, 1981 · 98–0
Malcolm Baldrige, of Connecticut, to be Secretary of Commerce.
confirmed Jan 22, 1981 · 97–1
John R. Block, of Illinois, to be Secretary of Agriculture.
confirmed Jan 22, 1981 · 98–0
William French Smith, of California, to be Attorney General.
confirmed Jan 22, 1981 · 96–1
Show 314 more top confirmations
James Gaius Watt, of Colorado, to be Secretary of the Interior.
confirmed Jan 22, 1981 · 83–12
David A. Stockman, of Michigan, to be Director of the Office of Management and Budget.
confirmed Jan 27, 1981 · 93–0
Jeane J. Kirkpatrick, of Maryland, to be the Representative of the United States of America to the United Nations with the rank and status of Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, and the Representative of the United Statesof America in the Security Council of the United Nations.
confirmed Jan 29, 1981 · 81–0
Raymond J. Donovan, of New Jersey, to be Secretary of Labor.
confirmed Feb 3, 1981 · 80–17
Michael Cardenas, of California, to be Administrator of the Small Business Administration, vice Arthur Vernon Weaver, Jr., resigned.
confirmed Mar 26, 1981
Ann McGill Gorsuch, of Colorado, to be Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, vice Douglas M. Costle, resigned.
confirmed May 5, 1981
Sandra Day O'Connor, of Arizona, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, vice Potter Stewart, retired.
confirmed Sep 21, 1981 · 99–0
James C. Sanders, of California, to be Administrator of the Small Business Administration, vice Michael Cardenas, resigned.
confirmed Mar 29, 1982
George P. Shultz, of California, to be Secretary of State.
confirmed Jul 15, 1982 · 97–0
Donald P. Hodel, of Oregon, to be Secretary of Energy, to which position he was appointed during the current recess of the Senate.
confirmed Dec 8, 1982 · 86–8
Elizabeth Hanford Dole, of Kansas, to be Secretary of Transportation.
confirmed Feb 1, 1983 · 97–0
Margaret M. Heckler, of Massachusetts, to be Secretary of Health and Human Services.
confirmed Mar 3, 1983 · 82–3
William D. Ruckelshaus, of Washington, to be Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, vice Anne McGill Burford, resigned.
confirmed May 17, 1983 · 97–0
Paul A. Volcker, of New Jersey, to be Chairman of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System for a term of four years. (Reappointment)
confirmed Jul 27, 1983 · 84–16
William P. Clark, of California, to be Secretary of the Interior.
confirmed Nov 18, 1983 · 71–18
James A. Baker III, of Texas, to be Secretary of the Treasury.
confirmed Jan 29, 1985 · 95–0
John S. Herrington, of California, to be Secretary of Energy.
confirmed Feb 6, 1985 · 93–1
William J. Bennett, of North Carolina, to be Secretary of Education.
confirmed Feb 6, 1985 · 93–0
Donald P. Hodel, of Virginia, to be Secretary of the Interior.
confirmed Feb 6, 1985 · 93–1
Lee M. Thomas, of Virginia, to be Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, vice William D. Ruckelshaus, resigned.
confirmed Feb 7, 1985
Edwin Meese III, of California, to be Attorney General.
confirmed Feb 23, 1985 · 63–31
William Emerson Brock III, of Tennessee, to be Secretary of Labor.
confirmed Apr 26, 1985
Vernon A. Walters, of Florida, to be the Representative of the United States of America to the United Nations with the rank and status of Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, and the Representative of the UnitedStates of America in the Security Council of the United Nations.
confirmed May 16, 1985
Clayton Yeutter, of Nebraska, to be United States Trade Representative, with the rank of Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, vice William Emerson Brock III.
confirmed Jun 27, 1985
James C. Miller III, of the District of Columbia, to be Director of the Office of Management and Budget, vice David A. Stockman, resigned.
confirmed Oct 4, 1985 · 90–2
Otis R. Bowen, of Indiana, to be Secretary of Health and Human Services.
confirmed Dec 12, 1985 · 93–2
Richard E. Lyng, of Virginia, to be Secretary of Agriculture.
confirmed Mar 6, 1986 · 95–2
William H. Rehnquist, of Virginia, to be Chief Justice of the United States.
confirmed Sep 17, 1986 · 65–33
Antonin Scalia, of Virginia, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, vice William H. Rehnquist.
confirmed Sep 17, 1986 · 98–0
James Abdnor, of South Dakota, to be Administrator of the Small Business Administration, vice James C. Sanders, resigned.
confirmed Mar 20, 1987
Alan Greenspan, of New York, to be a Member of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System for the unexpired term of fourteen years from February 1, 1978, vice Paul A. Volcker, resigned. Alan Greenspan, of New York, to be Chairman of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System for a term of four years, vice Paul A. Volcker, resigned.
confirmed Aug 3, 1987 · 91–2
C. William Verity, Jr., of Ohio, to be Secretary of Commerce.
confirmed Oct 13, 1987 · 84–11
Frank C. Carlucci, of Virginia, to be Secretary of Defense.
confirmed Nov 20, 1987 · 91–1
James H. Burnley IV, of North Carolina, to be Secretary of Transportation.
confirmed Nov 30, 1987 · 74–0
Ann Dore McLaughlin, of the District of Columbia, to be Secretary of Labor.
confirmed Dec 11, 1987 · 94–0
Anthony M. Kennedy, of California, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, vice Lewis F. Powell, Jr., retired.
confirmed Feb 3, 1988 · 97–0
Richard L. Thornburgh, of Pennsylvania, to be Attorney General.
confirmed Aug 11, 1988 · 85–0
Nicholas F. Brady, of New Jersey, to be Secretary of the Treasury.
confirmed Sep 14, 1988 · 92–2
Lauro F. Cavazos, of Texas, to be Secretary of Education.
confirmed Sep 20, 1988 · 94–0
Richard G. Darman, of Virginia, to be Director of the Office of Management and Budget.
confirmed Jan 25, 1989 · 99–0
Elizabeth Hanford Dole, of Kansas, to be Secretary of Labor.
confirmed Jan 25, 1989 · 99–0
James Addison Baker, III, of Texas, to be Secretary of State.
confirmed Jan 25, 1989 · 99–0
Carla Anderson Hills, of California, to be United States Trade Representative, with the rank of Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary.
confirmed Jan 31, 1989 · 100–0
Samuel Knox Skinner, of Illinois, to be Secretary of Transportation.
confirmed Jan 31, 1989 · 100–0
Robert Adam Mosbacher, of Texas, to be Secretary of Commerce.
confirmed Jan 31, 1989 · 100–0
William Kane Reilly, of Virginia, to be Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency.
confirmed Feb 2, 1989 · 100–0
Jack Kemp, of New York, to be Secretary of Housing and Urban Development.
confirmed Feb 2, 1989 · 100–0
Manuel Lujan, Jr., of New Mexico, to be Secretary of the Interior.
confirmed Feb 2, 1989 · 100–0
Clayton Yeutter, of Nebraska, to be Secretary of Agriculture.
confirmed Feb 8, 1989 · 100–0
Louis W. Sullivan, of Georgia, to be Secretary of Health and Human Services.
confirmed Mar 1, 1989 · 98–1
Edward J. Derwinski, of Illinois, to be Secretary of Veterans Affairs.
confirmed Mar 2, 1989 · 94–0
Thomas R. Pickering, of New Jersey, to be the Representative of the United States of America to the United Nations with the rank and status of Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, and the Representative of the United States of America in the Security Council of the United Nations.
confirmed Mar 7, 1989 · 99–0
Richard B. Cheney, of Wyoming, to be Secretary of Defense.
confirmed Mar 17, 1989 · 92–0
Susan S. Engeleiter, of Wisconsin, to be Administrator of the Small Business Administration, vice James Abdnor, resigned.
confirmed Apr 19, 1989
David H. Souter, of New Hampshire, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, vice William Joseph Brennan, Jr., retired.
confirmed Oct 2, 1990 · 90–9
Lynn Martin, of Illinois, to be Secretary of Labor.
confirmed Feb 7, 1991 · 94–0
Edward R. Madigan, of Illinois, to be Secretary of Agriculture, vice Clayton Yeutter, resigned.
confirmed Mar 7, 1991 · 99–0
Andrew Lamar Alexander, Jr., of Tennessee, to be Secretary of Education.
confirmed Mar 14, 1991
Patricia F. Saiki, of Hawaii, to be Administrator of the Small Business Administration, vice Susan S. Engeleiter, resigned.
confirmed Mar 21, 1991
Clarence Thomas, of Georgia, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, vice Thurgood Marshall, retired.
confirmed Oct 15, 1991 · 52–48
William Pelham Barr, of Virginia, to be Attorney General.
confirmed Nov 20, 1991
Andrew H. Card, Jr., of Massachusetts, to be Secretary of Transportation.
confirmed Feb 21, 1992
Alan Greenspan, of New York, to be Chairman of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System for a term of four years, to which position he was appointed during the last recess of the Senate.
confirmed Feb 27, 1992
Barbara Hackman Franklin, of Pennsylvania, to be Secretary of Commerce.
confirmed Feb 27, 1992
Edward Joseph Perkins, of Oregon, a Career Member of the Senior Foreign Service, Class of Career Minister, to be the Representative of the United States of America to the United Nations with rank and status of Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, and the Representative of the United States of America in the Security Council of the United Nations.
confirmed Apr 2, 1992
Warren Christopher, of California, to be Secretary of State.
confirmed Jan 20, 1993
Lloyd Bentsen, of Texas, to be Secretary of the Treasury.
confirmed Jan 20, 1993
Les Aspin, of Wisconsin, to be Secretary of Defense.
confirmed Jan 20, 1993
Carol M. Browner, of Florida, to be Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency.
confirmed Jan 21, 1993
Leon E. Panetta, of California, to be Director of the Office of Management and Budget.
confirmed Jan 21, 1993
Michael Kantor, of California, to be United States Trade Representative, with the rank of Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary.
confirmed Jan 21, 1993
Richard W. Riley, of South Carolina, to be Secretary of Education.
confirmed Jan 21, 1993
Donna E. Shalala, of Wisconsin, to be Secretary of Health and Human Services.
confirmed Jan 21, 1993
Jesse Brown, of the District of Columbia, to be Secretary of Veterans Affairs.
confirmed Jan 21, 1993
Robert B. Reich, of Massachusetts, to be Secretary of Labor.
confirmed Jan 21, 1993
Henry G. Cisneros, of Texas, to be Secretary of Housing and Urban Development.
confirmed Jan 21, 1993
Hazel Rollins O'Leary, of Minnesota, to be Secretary of Energy.
confirmed Jan 21, 1993
Federico Pena, of Colorado, to be Secretary of Transportation.
confirmed Jan 21, 1993
Mike Espy, of Mississippi, to be Secretary of Agriculture.
confirmed Jan 21, 1993
Bruce Babbitt, of Arizona, to be Secretary of the Interior.
confirmed Jan 21, 1993
Ronald H. Brown, of the District of Columbia, to be Secretary of Commerce.
confirmed Jan 21, 1993
Madeleine Korbel Albright, of the District of Columbia, to be the Representative of the United States of America to the United Nations with rank and status of Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, and the Representative of the United States of America in the Security Council of the United Nations.
confirmed Jan 26, 1993
Janet Reno, of Florida, to be Attorney General.
confirmed Mar 11, 1993 · 98–0
Erskine B. Bowles, of North Carolina, to be Administrator of the Small Business Administration, vice Patricia F. Saiki, resigned.
confirmed May 7, 1993
William J. Perry, of California, to be Secretary of Defense, vice Les Aspin, resigned.
confirmed Feb 3, 1994 · 97–0
David Elias Birenbaum, of the District of Columbia, to be Representative of the United States of America to the United Nations for U.N. Management and Reform, with the rank of Ambassador.
confirmed Jun 24, 1994
Stephen G. Breyer, of Massachusetts, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, vice Harry A. Blackmun.
confirmed Jul 29, 1994 · 87–9
Alice M. Rivlin, of the District of Columbia, to be Director of the Office of Management and Budget, vice Leon E. Panetta.
confirmed Oct 7, 1994
Philip Lader, of South Carolina, to be Administrator of the Small Business Administration, vice Erskine B. Bowles.
confirmed Oct 8, 1994
Robert E. Rubin, of New York, to be Secretary of the Treasury, vice Lloyd Bentsen, resigned.
confirmed Jan 10, 1995 · 99–0
Daniel Robert Glickman, of Kansas, to be Secretary of Agriculture, vice Mike Espy, resigned.
confirmed Mar 30, 1995 · 94–0
Alan Greenspan, of New York, to be Chairman of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System for a term of four years. (Reappointment)
confirmed Jun 20, 1996 · 91–7
Franklin D. Raines, of the District of Columbia, to be Director of the Office of Management and Budget, vice Alice M. Rivlin.
confirmed Sep 6, 1996
Madeleine Korbel Albright, of the District of Columbia, to be Secretary of State, vice Warren Christopher, resigned.
confirmed Jan 22, 1997 · 99–0
William M. Daley, of Illinois, to be Secretary of Commerce, vice Michael Kantor.
confirmed Jan 30, 1997 · 95–2
Rodney E. Slater, of Arkansas, to be Secretary of Transportation, vice Federico Pena.
confirmed Feb 6, 1997 · 98–0
Bill Richardson, of New Mexico, to be the Representative of the United States of America to the United Nations with the rank and status of Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, and the Representative of the United States of America in the Security Council of the United Nations, vice Madeleine Korbel Albright.
confirmed Feb 11, 1997 · 100–0
Aida Alvarez, of New York, to be Administrator of the Small Business Administration, vice Philip Lader.
confirmed Feb 13, 1997
Charlene Barshefsky, of the District of Columbia, to be United States Trade Representative, with the rank of Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, vice Michael Kantor.
confirmed Mar 5, 1997 · 99–1
Federico Pena, of Colorado, to be Secretary of Energy, vice Hazel Rollins O'Leary, retired.
confirmed Mar 12, 1997 · 99–1
Alexis M. Herman, of Alabama, to be Secretary of Labor, vice Robert B. Reich.
confirmed Apr 30, 1997 · 85–13
Richard Sklar, of California, to be Representative of the United States of America to the United Nations for UN Management and Reform, with the Rank of Ambassador.
confirmed Jul 31, 1997
Togo Dennis West, Jr., of the District of Columbia, to be Secretary of Veterans Affairs, vice Jesse Brown, resigned.
confirmed Apr 28, 1998
Jacob Joseph Lew, of New York, to be Director of the Office of Management and Budget, vice Franklin D. Raines, resigned.
confirmed Jul 31, 1998
Bill Richardson, of New Mexico, to be Secretary of Energy, vice Federico Pena, resigned.
confirmed Jul 31, 1998
Lawrence H. Summers, of Maryland, to be Secretary of the Treasury, vice Robert E. Rubin.
confirmed Jul 1, 1999 · 97–2
Richard Holbrooke, of New York, to be the Representative of the United States of America to the United Nations with the rank and status of Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, and the Representative of the United States of America in the Security Council of the United Nations, vice Bill Richardson, resigned.
confirmed Aug 5, 1999 · 81–16
Donald Stuart Hays, of Virginia, a Career Member of the Senior Foreign Service, Class of Minister-Counselor, to be Representative of the United States of America to the United Nations for U.N. Management and Reform, with the rank of Ambassador.
confirmed Nov 10, 1999
Alan Greenspan, of New York, to be Chairman of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System for a term of four years. (Reappointment)
confirmed Feb 3, 2000 · 89–4
Norman Y. Mineta, of California, to be Secretary of Commerce, vice William M. Daley.
confirmed Jul 20, 2000
Roderick R. Paige, of Texas, to be Secretary of Education.
confirmed Jan 20, 2001
Colin Luther Powell, of Virginia, to be Secretary of State.
confirmed Jan 20, 2001
Paul Henry O'Neill, of Pennsylvania, to be Secretary of the Treasury.
confirmed Jan 20, 2001
Donald Henry Rumsfeld, of Illinois, to be Secretary of Defense.
confirmed Jan 20, 2001
Donald Louis Evans, of Texas, to be Secretary of Commerce.
confirmed Jan 20, 2001
Spencer Abraham, of Michigan, to be Secretary of Energy.
confirmed Jan 20, 2001
Ann Margaret Veneman, of California, to be Secretary of Agriculture.
confirmed Jan 20, 2001
Mitchell E. Daniels, Jr., of Indiana, to be Director of the Office of Management and Budget.
confirmed Jan 23, 2001 · 100–0
Anthony Joseph Principi, of California, to be Secretary of Veterans Affairs.
confirmed Jan 23, 2001 · 100–0
Melquiades Rafael Martinez, of Florida, to be Secretary of Housing and Urban Development.
confirmed Jan 23, 2001 · 100–0
Tommy G. Thompson, of Wisconsin, to be Secretary of Health and Human Services.
confirmed Jan 24, 2001 · 100–0
Elaine Lan Chao, of Kentucky, to be Secretary of Labor.
confirmed Jan 29, 2001
Gale Ann Norton, of Colorado, to be Secretary of the Interior.
confirmed Jan 30, 2001 · 75–24
Christine Todd Whitman, of New Jersey, to be Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency.
confirmed Jan 30, 2001 · 99–0
John Ashcroft, of Missouri, to be Attorney General.
confirmed Feb 1, 2001 · 58–42
Robert B. Zoellick, of Virginia, to be United States Trade Representative, with the rank of Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary.
confirmed Feb 6, 2001 · 98–0
Hector V. Barreto, Jr., of California, to be Administrator of the Small Business Administration, vice Aida Alvarez, resigned.
confirmed Jul 25, 2001
John D. Negroponte, of the District of Columbia, to be the Representative of the United States of America to the United Nations, with the rank and status of Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, and the Representative of the United States of America in the Security Council of the United Nations, vice Richard Holbrooke.
confirmed Sep 14, 2001
Patrick Francis Kennedy, of Illinois, a Career Member of the Senior Foreign Service, Class of Career Minister, to be Representative of the United States of America to the United Nations for the U.N. Management and Reform, with the rank of Ambassador, vice Donald Stuart Hays.
confirmed Sep 14, 2001
Thomas J. Ridge, of Pennsylvania, to be Secretary of Homeland Security. (New Position)
confirmed Jan 22, 2003 · 94–0
John W. Snow, of Virginia, to be Secretary of the Treasury, vice Paul Henry O'Neill, resigned.
confirmed Jan 30, 2003
Joshua B. Bolten, of the District of Columbia, to be Director of the Office of Management and Budget, vice Mitchell E. Daniels, Jr., resigned.
confirmed Jun 26, 2003
Michael O. Leavitt, of Utah, to be Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, vice Christine Todd Whitman, resigned.
confirmed Oct 28, 2003 · 88–8
Alphonso R. Jackson, of Texas, to be Secretary of Housing and Urban Development, vice Melquiades Rafael Martinez, resigned.
confirmed Mar 31, 2004
Alan Greenspan, of New York, to be Chairman of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System for a term of four years. (Reappointment)
confirmed Jun 17, 2004
John C. Danforth, of Missouri, to be the Representative of the United States of America to the United Nations, with the rank and status of Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, and the Representative of the United States of America in the Security Council of the United Nations.
confirmed Jun 24, 2004
Margaret Spellings, of Texas, to be Secretary of Education, vice Roderick R. Paige, resigned.
confirmed Jan 20, 2005
Mike Johanns, of Nebraska, to be Secretary of Agriculture, vice Ann Margaret Veneman, resigned.
confirmed Jan 20, 2005
Carlos M. Gutierrez, of Michigan, to be Secretary of Commerce, vice Donald Louis Evans, resigned.
confirmed Jan 24, 2005
Jim Nicholson, of Colorado, to be Secretary of Veterans Affairs, vice Anthony Joseph Principi, resigned.
confirmed Jan 26, 2005
Michael O. Leavitt, of Utah, to be Secretary of Health and Human Services, vice Tommy G. Thompson, resigned.
confirmed Jan 26, 2005
Condoleezza Rice, of California, to be Secretary of State, vice Colin Luther Powell, resigned.
confirmed Jan 26, 2005 · 85–13
Samuel W. Bodman, of Massachusetts, to be Secretary of Energy, vice Spencer Abraham, resigned.
confirmed Jan 31, 2005
Alberto R. Gonzales, of Texas, to be Attorney General, vice John Ashcroft, resigned.
confirmed Feb 3, 2005 · 60–36
Michael Chertoff, of New Jersey, to be Secretary of Homeland Security, vice Thomas J. Ridge, resigned.
confirmed Feb 15, 2005 · 98–0
John D. Negroponte, of New York, to be Director of National Intelligence. (New Position)
confirmed Apr 21, 2005 · 98–2
Stephen L. Johnson, of Maryland, to be Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, vice Michael O. Leavitt.
confirmed Apr 28, 2005
Robert J. Portman, of Ohio, to be United States Trade Representative, with the rank of Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, vice Robert B. Zoellick, resigned.
confirmed Apr 28, 2005
John G. Roberts, Jr., of Maryland, to be Chief Justice of the United States, vice William H. Rehnquist, deceased.
confirmed Sep 29, 2005 · 78–22
Ben S. Bernanke, of New Jersey, to be Chairman of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System for a term of four years, vice Alan Greenspan.
confirmed Jan 31, 2006
Samuel A. Alito, Jr., of New Jersey, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, vice Sandra Day O'Connor, retiring.
confirmed Jan 31, 2006 · 58–42
Mark D. Wallace, of Florida, to be Representative of the United States of America to the United Nations for U.N. Management and Reform, with the rank of Ambassador, vice Patrick Francis Kennedy.
confirmed Mar 16, 2006
Dirk Kempthorne, of Idaho, to be Secretary of the Interior, vice Gale Ann Norton, resigned.
confirmed May 26, 2006
Robert J. Portman, of Ohio, to be Director of the Office of Management and Budget, vice Joshua B. Bolten.
confirmed May 26, 2006
General Michael V. Hayden, United States Air Force, to be Director of the Central Intelligence Agency, vice Porter J. Goss, resigned.
confirmed May 26, 2006 · 78–15
Susan C. Schwab, of Maryland, to be United States Trade Representative, with the rank of Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, vice Robert J. Portman.
confirmed Jun 8, 2006
Henry M. Paulson, Jr., of New York, to be Secretary of the Treasury, vice John W. Snow, resigned.
confirmed Jun 28, 2006
Steven C. Preston, of Illinois, to be Administrator of the Small Business Administration, vice Hector V. Barreto, Jr., resigned.
confirmed Jun 29, 2006
Mary E. Peters, of Arizona, to be Secretary of Transportation, vice Norman Y. Mineta, resigned.
confirmed Sep 29, 2006
Robert M. Gates, of Texas, to be Secretary of Defense, vice Donald Henry Rumsfeld, resigned.
confirmed Dec 6, 2006 · 95–2
J. Michael McConnell, of Virginia, to be Director of National Intelligence, vice John D. Negroponte.
confirmed Feb 7, 2007
Zalmay Khalilzad, of Maryland, to be the Representative of the United States of America to the United Nations, with the rank and status of Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, and the Representative of the United States of America in the Security Council of the United Nations.
confirmed Mar 29, 2007
Jim Nussle, of Iowa, to be Director of the Office of Management and Budget, vice Robert J. Portman.
confirmed Sep 4, 2007 · 69–24
Michael B. Mukasey, of New York, to be Attorney General, vice Alberto R. Gonzales, resigned.
confirmed Nov 8, 2007 · 53–40
James B. Peake, of the District of Columbia, to be Secretary of Veterans Affairs, vice Jim Nicholson, resigned.
confirmed Dec 14, 2007
Ed Schafer, of North Dakota, to be Secretary of Agriculture, vice Mike Johanns, resigned.
confirmed Jan 28, 2008
Steven C. Preston, of Illinois, to be Secretary of Housing and Urban Development, vice Alphonso R. Jackson, resigned.
confirmed Jun 4, 2008
Janet Ann Napolitano, of Arizona, to be Secretary of Homeland Security.
confirmed Jan 20, 2009
Peter R. Orszag, of Massachusetts, to be Director of the Office of Management and Budget.
confirmed Jan 20, 2009
Kenneth Lee Salazar, of Colorado, to be Secretary of the Interior.
confirmed Jan 20, 2009
Thomas J. Vilsack, of Iowa, to be Secretary of Agriculture.
confirmed Jan 20, 2009
Eric K. Shinseki, of Hawaii, to be Secretary of Veterans Affairs.
confirmed Jan 20, 2009
Arne Duncan, of Illinois, to be Secretary of Education.
confirmed Jan 20, 2009
Steven Chu, of California, to be Secretary of Energy.
confirmed Jan 20, 2009
Hillary Rodham Clinton, of New York, to be Secretary of State.
confirmed Jan 21, 2009 · 94–2
Lisa Perez Jackson, of New Jersey, to be Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency.
confirmed Jan 22, 2009
Susan E. Rice, of the District of Columbia, to be the Representative of the United States of America to the United Nations, with the rank and status of Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, and the Representative of the United States of America in the Security Council of the United Nations.
confirmed Jan 22, 2009
Ray LaHood, of Illinois, to be Secretary of Transportation.
confirmed Jan 22, 2009
Shaun L. S. Donovan, of New York, to be Secretary of Housing and Urban Development.
confirmed Jan 22, 2009
Timothy F. Geithner, of New York, to be Secretary of the Treasury.
confirmed Jan 26, 2009 · 60–34
Dennis Cutler Blair, of Pennsylvania, to be Director of National Intelligence, vice J. Michael McConnell, resigned.
confirmed Jan 28, 2009
Eric H. Holder, Jr., of the District of Columbia, to be Attorney General.
confirmed Feb 2, 2009 · 75–21
Leon E. Panetta, of California, to be Director of the Central Intelligence Agency, vice General Michael V. Hayden, United States Air Force.
confirmed Feb 12, 2009
Hilda L. Solis, of California, to be Secretary of Labor.
confirmed Feb 24, 2009 · 80–17
Ronald Kirk, of Texas, to be United States Trade Representative, with the rank of Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary.
confirmed Mar 18, 2009 · 92–5
Gary Locke, of Washington, to be Secretary of Commerce.
confirmed Mar 24, 2009
Karen Gordon Mills, of Maine, to be Administrator of the Small Business Administration, vice Steven C. Preston, resigned.
confirmed Apr 3, 2009
Kathleen Sebelius, of Kansas, to be Secretary of Health and Human Services.
confirmed Apr 28, 2009 · 65–31
Sonia Sotomayor, of New York, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, vice David H. Souter, retiring.
confirmed Aug 6, 2009 · 68–31
Ben S. Bernanke, of New Jersey, to be Chairman of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System for a term of four years. (Reappointment)
confirmed Jan 28, 2010 · 70–30
Elena Kagan, of Massachusetts, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, vice John Paul Stevens, retiring.
confirmed Aug 5, 2010 · 63–37
James R. Clapper, of Virginia, to be Director of National Intelligence, vice Dennis Cutler Blair, resigned.
confirmed Aug 5, 2010
Jacob J. Lew, of New York, to be Director of the Office of Management and Budget, vice Peter R. Orszag, resigned.
confirmed Nov 18, 2010
Joseph M. Torsella, of Pennsylvania, to be Representative of the United States of America to the United Nations for U.N. Management and Reform, with the rank of Ambassador.
confirmed Apr 14, 2011
Leon E. Panetta, of California, to be Secretary of Defense, vice Robert M. Gates.
confirmed Jun 21, 2011 · 100–0
David H. Petraeus, of New Hampshire, to be Director of the Central Intelligence Agency, vice Leon E. Panetta.
confirmed Jun 30, 2011 · 94–0
John Edgar Bryson, of California, to be Secretary of Commerce, vice Gary Locke.
confirmed Oct 20, 2011 · 74–26
John Forbes Kerry, of Massachusetts, to be Secretary of State, vice Hillary Rodham Clinton.
confirmed Jan 29, 2013 · 94–3
Charles Timothy Hagel, of Nebraska, to be Secretary of Defense, vice Leon E. Panetta.
confirmed Feb 26, 2013 · 58–41
Jacob J. Lew, of New York, to be Secretary of the Treasury, vice Timothy F. Geithner.
confirmed Feb 27, 2013 · 71–26
John Owen Brennan, of Virginia, to be Director of the Central Intelligence Agency, vice David H. Petraeus, resigned.
confirmed Mar 7, 2013 · 63–34
Sarah Jewell, of Washington, to be Secretary of the Interior, vice Kenneth Lee Salazar.
confirmed Apr 10, 2013 · 87–11
Sylvia Mathews Burwell, of West Virginia, to be Director of the Office of Management and Budget, vice Jacob J. Lew, resigned.
confirmed Apr 24, 2013 · 96–0
Ernest J. Moniz, of Massachusetts, to be Secretary of Energy, vice Steven Chu.
confirmed May 16, 2013 · 97–0
Michael Froman, of New York, to be United States Trade Representative, with the rank of Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, vice Ronald Kirk, resigned.
confirmed Jun 19, 2013 · 93–4
Penny Pritzker, of Illinois, to be Secretary of Commerce, vice John Edgar Bryson, resigned.
confirmed Jun 25, 2013 · 97–1
Anthony Renard Foxx, of North Carolina, to be Secretary of Transportation, vice Ray LaHood.
confirmed Jun 27, 2013 · 100–0
Regina McCarthy, of Massachusetts, to be Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, vice Lisa Perez Jackson, resigned.
confirmed Jul 18, 2013 · 59–40
Thomas Edward Perez, of Maryland, to be Secretary of Labor, vice Hilda L. Solis, resigned.
confirmed Jul 18, 2013 · 54–46
Samantha Power, of Massachusetts, to be the Representative of the United States of America to the United Nations, with the rank and status of Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, and the Representative of the United States of America in the Security Council of the United Nations.
confirmed Aug 1, 2013 · 87–10
Jeh Charles Johnson, of New Jersey, to be Secretary of Homeland Security, vice Janet Ann Napolitano, resigned.
confirmed Dec 16, 2013 · 78–16
Janet L. Yellen, of California, to be Chairman of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System for a term of four years, vice Ben S. Bernanke, resigned.
confirmed Jan 6, 2014 · 56–26
Maria Contreras-Sweet, of California, to be Administrator of the Small Business Administration, vice Karen Gordon Mills, resigned.
confirmed Mar 27, 2014
Sylvia Mathews Burwell, of West Virginia, to be Secretary of Health and Human Services, vice Kathleen Sebelius.
confirmed Jun 5, 2014 · 78–17
Julian Castro, of Texas, to be Secretary of Housing and Urban Development, vice Shaun L. S. Donovan.
confirmed Jul 9, 2014 · 71–26
Shaun L. S. Donovan, of New York, to be Director of the Office of Management and Budget, vice Sylvia Mathews Burwell.
confirmed Jul 10, 2014 · 75–22
Robert Alan McDonald, of Ohio, to be Secretary of Veterans Affairs, vice Eric K. Shinseki, resigned.
confirmed Jul 29, 2014 · 97–0
Isobel Coleman, of New York, to be Representative of the United States of America to the United Nations for U. N. Management and Reform, with the rank of Ambassador.
confirmed Dec 16, 2014
Ashton B. Carter, of Massachusetts, to be Secretary of Defense, vice Charles Timothy Hagel.
confirmed Feb 12, 2015 · 93–5
Loretta E. Lynch, of New York, to be Attorney General, vice Eric H. Holder, Jr.
confirmed Apr 23, 2015 · 56–43
John B. King, of New York, to be Secretary of Education, vice Arne Duncan.
confirmed Mar 14, 2016 · 49–40
John F. Kelly, of Virginia, to be Secretary of Homeland Security.
confirmed Jan 20, 2017 · 88–11
James Mattis, of Washington, to be Secretary of Defense.
confirmed Jan 20, 2017 · 98–1
Mike Pompeo, of Kansas, to be Director of the Central Intelligence Agency, vice John Owen Brennan.
confirmed Jan 23, 2017 · 66–32
Nikki R. Haley, of South Carolina, to be the Representative of the United States of America to the United Nations, with the rank and status of Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, and the Representative of the United States of America in the Security Council of the United Nations.
confirmed Jan 24, 2017 · 96–4
Elaine L. Chao, of Kentucky, to be Secretary of Transportation.
confirmed Jan 31, 2017 · 93–6
Rex W. Tillerson, of Texas, to be Secretary of State.
confirmed Feb 1, 2017 · 55–43
Jeff Sessions, of Alabama, to be Attorney General.
confirmed Feb 8, 2017 · 52–47
Thomas Price, of Georgia, to be Secretary of Health and Human Services.
confirmed Feb 10, 2017 · 52–47
David J. Shulkin, of Pennsylvania, to be Secretary of Veterans Affairs.
confirmed Feb 13, 2017 · 100–0
Steven T. Mnuchin, of California, to be Secretary of the Treasury.
confirmed Feb 13, 2017 · 53–47
Linda E. McMahon, of Connecticut, to be Administrator of the Small Business Administration, vice Maria Contreras-Sweet, resigned.
confirmed Feb 14, 2017 · 81–19
Mick Mulvaney, of South Carolina, to be Director of the Office of Management and Budget, vice Shaun L. S. Donovan, resigned.
confirmed Feb 16, 2017 · 51–49
Scott Pruitt, of Oklahoma, to be Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency.
confirmed Feb 17, 2017 · 52–46
Wilbur L. Ross, Jr., of Florida, to be Secretary of Commerce.
confirmed Feb 27, 2017 · 72–27
Ryan Zinke, of Montana, to be Secretary of the Interior.
confirmed Mar 1, 2017 · 68–31
Benjamin S. Carson, Sr., of Florida, to be Secretary of Housing and Urban Development.
confirmed Mar 2, 2017 · 58–41
James Richard Perry, of Texas, to be Secretary of Energy.
confirmed Mar 2, 2017 · 62–37
Daniel Coats, of Indiana, to be Director of National Intelligence, vice James R. Clapper, Jr.
confirmed Mar 15, 2017 · 85–12
Neil M. Gorsuch, of Colorado, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, vice Antonin Scalia, deceased.
confirmed Apr 7, 2017 · 54–45
Sonny Perdue, of Georgia, to be Secretary of Agriculture.
confirmed Apr 24, 2017 · 87–11
R. Alexander Acosta, of Florida, to be Secretary of Labor.
confirmed Apr 27, 2017 · 60–38
Robert Lighthizer, of Florida, to be United States Trade Representative, with the rank of Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary.
confirmed May 11, 2017 · 82–14
Kirstjen Nielsen, of Virginia, to be Secretary of Homeland Security, vice John F. Kelly, resigned.
confirmed Dec 5, 2017 · 62–37
Jerome H. Powell, of Maryland, to be Chairman of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System for a term of four years, vice Janet L. Yellen, term expiring.
confirmed Jan 23, 2018 · 84–13
Alex Michael Azar II, of Indiana, to be Secretary of Health and Human Services, vice Thomas Price, resigned.
confirmed Jan 24, 2018 · 55–43
Mike Pompeo, of Kansas, to be Secretary of State, vice Rex W. Tillerson.
confirmed Apr 26, 2018 · 57–42
Gina Haspel, of Kentucky, to be Director of the Central Intelligence Agency, vice Mike Pompeo.
confirmed May 17, 2018 · 54–45
Robert L. Wilkie, of North Carolina, to be Secretary of Veterans Affairs, vice David J. Shulkin.
confirmed Jul 23, 2018 · 86–9
Cherith Norman Chalet, of New Jersey, to be Representative of the United States of America to the United Nations for U.N. Management and Reform, with the rank of Ambassador.
confirmed Sep 12, 2018
Brett M. Kavanaugh, of Maryland, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, vice Anthony M. Kennedy, retiring.
confirmed Oct 6, 2018 · 50–48
William Pelham Barr, of Virginia, to be Attorney General, vice Jeff Sessions, resigned.
confirmed Feb 14, 2019 · 54–45
Andrew Wheeler, of Virginia, to be Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, vice Scott Pruitt.
confirmed Feb 28, 2019 · 52–47
David Bernhardt, of Virginia, to be Secretary of the Interior, vice Ryan Zinke.
confirmed Apr 11, 2019 · 56–41
Mark T. Esper, of Virginia, to be Secretary of Defense, vice James Mattis, resigned.
confirmed Jul 23, 2019 · 90–8
Kelly Craft, of Kentucky, to be the Representative of the United States of America to the United Nations, with the rank and status of Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, and the Representative of the United States of America in the Security Council of the United Nations.
confirmed Jul 31, 2019 · 56–34
Eugene Scalia, of Virginia, to be Secretary of Labor, vice R. Alexander Acosta, resigned.
confirmed Sep 26, 2019 · 53–44
Dan R. Brouillette, of Texas, to be Secretary of Energy, vice James Richard Perry, resigning.
confirmed Dec 2, 2019 · 70–15
Jovita Carranza, of Illinois, to be Administrator of the Small Business Administration, vice Linda E. McMahon.
confirmed Jan 7, 2020 · 88–5
John L. Ratcliffe, of Texas, to be Director of National Intelligence, vice Daniel Coats, resigned.
confirmed May 21, 2020 · 49–44
Russell Vought, of Virginia, to be Director of the Office of Management and Budget, vice Mick Mulvaney.
confirmed Jul 20, 2020 · 51–45
Amy Coney Barrett, of Indiana, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, vice Ruth Bader Ginsburg, deceased.
confirmed Oct 26, 2020 · 52–48
Avril Danica Haines, of New York, to be Director of National Intelligence.
confirmed Jan 20, 2021 · 84–10
Lloyd James Austin, of Georgia, to be Secretary of Defense.
confirmed Jan 22, 2021 · 93–2
Janet Louise Yellen, of California, to be Secretary of the Treasury.
confirmed Jan 25, 2021 · 84–15
Antony John Blinken, of New York, to be Secretary of State.
confirmed Jan 26, 2021 · 78–22
Peter Paul Montgomery Buttigieg, of Indiana, to be Secretary of Transportation.
confirmed Feb 2, 2021 · 86–13
Alejandro Nicholas Mayorkas, of the District of Columbia, to be Secretary of Homeland Security.
confirmed Feb 2, 2021 · 56–43
Denis Richard McDonough, of Maryland, to be Secretary of Veterans Affairs.
confirmed Feb 8, 2021 · 87–7
Thomas J. Vilsack, of Iowa, to be Secretary of Agriculture.
confirmed Feb 23, 2021 · 92–7
Linda Thomas-Greenfield, of Louisiana, to be the Representative of the United States of America to the United Nations, with the rank and status of the Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, and the Representative of the United States of America in the Security Council of the United Nations.
confirmed Feb 23, 2021 · 78–20
Jennifer Mulhern Granholm, of Michigan, to be Secretary of Energy.
confirmed Feb 25, 2021 · 64–35
Miguel A. Cardona, of Connecticut, to be Secretary of Education.
confirmed Mar 1, 2021 · 64–33
Gina Marie Raimondo, of Rhode Island, to be Secretary of Commerce.
confirmed Mar 2, 2021 · 84–15
Merrick Brian Garland, of Maryland, to be Attorney General.
confirmed Mar 10, 2021 · 70–30
Michael Stanley Regan, of North Carolina, to be Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, vice Andrew Wheeler.
confirmed Mar 10, 2021 · 66–34
Marcia Louise Fudge, of Ohio, to be Secretary of Housing and Urban Development.
confirmed Mar 10, 2021 · 66–34
Debra Anne Haaland, of New Mexico, to be Secretary of the Interior.
confirmed Mar 15, 2021 · 51–40
Isabella Casillas Guzman, of California, to be Administrator of the Small Business Administration.
confirmed Mar 16, 2021 · 81–17
Katherine C. Tai, of the District of Columbia, to be United States Trade Representative, with the rank of Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary.
confirmed Mar 17, 2021 · 98–0
Xavier Becerra, of California, to be Secretary of Health and Human Services.
confirmed Mar 18, 2021 · 50–49
William Joseph Burns, of Maryland, to be Director of the Central Intelligence Agency, vice Gina Haspel.
confirmed Mar 18, 2021
Martin Joseph Walsh, of Massachusetts, to be Secretary of Labor.
confirmed Mar 22, 2021 · 68–29
Christopher P. Lu, of Virginia, to be Representative of the United States of America to the United Nations for U.N. Management and Reform, with the rank of Ambassador.
confirmed Dec 18, 2021
Shalanda D. Young, of Louisiana, to be Director of the Office of Management and Budget, vice Russell Vought.
confirmed Mar 15, 2022 · 61–36
Ketanji Brown Jackson, of the District of Columbia, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, vice Stephen G. Breyer, retiring.
confirmed Apr 7, 2022 · 53–47
Jerome H. Powell, of Maryland, to be Chairman of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System for a term of four years. (Reappointment)
confirmed May 12, 2022 · 80–19
Marco Rubio, of Florida, to be Secretary of State.
confirmed Jan 20, 2025 · 99–0
John Ratcliffe, of Texas, to be Director of the Central Intelligence Agency.
confirmed Jan 23, 2025 · 74–25
Peter Hegseth, of Tennessee, to be Secretary of Defense.
confirmed Jan 24, 2025 · 51–50
Kristi Noem, of South Dakota, to be Secretary of Homeland Security.
confirmed Jan 25, 2025 · 59–34
Scott Bessent, of South Carolina, to be Secretary of the Treasury.
confirmed Jan 27, 2025 · 68–29
Sean Duffy, of Wisconsin, to be Secretary of Transportation.
confirmed Jan 28, 2025 · 77–22
Lee Zeldin, of New York, to be Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency.
confirmed Jan 29, 2025 · 56–42
Douglas Burgum, of North Dakota, to be Secretary of the Interior.
confirmed Jan 30, 2025 · 80–17
Christopher Wright, of Colorado, to be Secretary of Energy.
confirmed Feb 3, 2025 · 59–38
Pamela Bondi, of Florida, to be Attorney General.
confirmed Feb 4, 2025 · 54–46
Douglas Collins, of Georgia, to be Secretary of Veterans Affairs.
confirmed Feb 4, 2025 · 77–23
Eric Turner, of Texas, to be Secretary of Housing and Urban Development.
confirmed Feb 5, 2025 · 55–44
Tulsi Gabbard, of Hawaii, to be Director of National Intelligence.
confirmed Feb 12, 2025 · 52–48
Brooke Rollins, of Texas, to be Secretary of Agriculture.
confirmed Feb 13, 2025 · 72–28
Robert F. Kennedy, Jr., of California, to be Secretary of Health and Human Services.
confirmed Feb 13, 2025 · 52–48
Howard Lutnick, of New York, to be Secretary of Commerce.
confirmed Feb 18, 2025 · 51–45
Kelly Loeffler, of Georgia, to be Administrator of the Small Business Administration.
confirmed Feb 19, 2025 · 52–46
Jamieson Greer, of Maryland, to be United States Trade Representative, with the rank of Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary.
confirmed Feb 26, 2025 · 56–43
Linda McMahon, of Connecticut, to be Secretary of Education.
confirmed Mar 3, 2025 · 51–45
Lori Chavez-DeRemer, of Oregon, to be Secretary of Labor.
confirmed Mar 10, 2025 · 67–32
Jeffrey Bartos, of Pennsylvania, to be Representative of the United States of America to the United Nations for U.N. Management and Reform, with the Rank of Ambassador, and to serve concurrently and without additional compensation as an Alternate Representative of the United States of America to the Sessions of the General Assembly of the United Nations.
confirmed Sep 18, 2025 · 51–47
Michael G. Waltz, of Florida, to be the Representative of the United States of America to the United Nations, with the Rank of Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, and the Representative of the United States of America in the Security Council of the United Nations.
confirmed Sep 19, 2025 · 47–43
Markwayne Mullin, of Oklahoma, to be Secretary of Homeland Security, vice Kristi Noem.
confirmed Mar 23, 2026 · 54–45
Kevin Warsh, of Florida, to be Chairman of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System for a term of four years, vice Jerome H. Powell, term expiring.
confirmed May 13, 2026 · 54–45
Walter Clayton, of New York, to be Director of National Intelligence, vice Tulsi Gabbard.
confirmed Jul 28, 2026 · 51–47
Todd Blanche, of Florida, to be Attorney General, vice Pamela Bondi.
confirmed Aug 8, 2026 · 50–49
Keith Sonderling, of Florida, to be Secretary of Labor, vice Lori Chavez-DeRemer, resigned.
confirmed Sep 30, 2026 · 47–41
Civilian nominations only (military promotions excluded). Top confirmations are cabinet-level posts, Supreme Court justices, and the Fed chair. Records start with the 97th Congress (1981).
executive/agenciesFederal agencies
+434−119Wikidata ↗
98 → 425 tracked organizations · 10 → 16 executive departments
National Military Establishment department
established Sep 18, 1947 · United States federal department which later became the Department of Defense
United States Department of Defense department
established Aug 10, 1949 · executive department of the United States federal government
United States Department of Health, Education, and Welfare department
established Apr 11, 1953 · defunct United States federal executive department
United States Department of Housing and Urban Development department
established Sep 9, 1965 · cabinet department in the Executive branch of the United States federal government
United States Department of Transportation department
established Oct 15, 1966 · U.S. federal executive department overseeing highways, railroads, aviation, transit, and other modes of transportation
United States Department of Energy department
established Aug 4, 1977 · cabinet-level department of the United States government
United States Department of Education department
established Oct 17, 1979 · U.S. federal government department concerning education
United States Department of Health and Human Services department
established May 4, 1980 · United States federal executive department
United States Department of Veterans Affairs department
established Mar 15, 1989 · department of the United States government
United States Department of Homeland Security department
established Nov 25, 2002 · United States federal executive department
Show 543 more
Reconstruction Finance Corporation
established Jan 22, 1932 · former American independent agency
Farm Credit Administration
established Mar 27, 1933 · US federal government independent agency regulating farm loans
Emergency Conservation Work
established Apr 5, 1933 · United States government program and predecessor to the Civilian Conservation Corps
Civilian Conservation Corps
established Apr 5, 1933 · United States federal government public work relief program part of the New Deal
Tennessee Valley Authority
established May 18, 1933 · federally-owned electric utility corporation in the United States
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
established Jun 16, 1933 · US government agency providing deposit insurance
National Mediation Board
established Jan 1, 1934 · labor relations in U.S. rail and air industries
Export-Import Bank of the United States
established Feb 2, 1934 · American public bank
United States Securities and Exchange Commission
established Jun 6, 1934 · U.S. federal agency that enforces securities laws and regulates securities markets and major market participants (public companies, brokers, exchanges, and asset managers)
Federal Communications Commission
established Jun 19, 1934 · independent U.S. government agency
National Archives and Records Administration
established Jun 19, 1934 · United States government agency
Resettlement Administration
established May 1, 1935 · New Deal agency relocated urban and rural families to United States federal government planned communities
Works Progress Administration
established May 6, 1935 · United States government New Deal agency (1935–1939) employing millions of unemployed people to carry out public works projects
National Labor Relations Board
established Jul 5, 1935 · independent agency of the United States Government
Social Security Administration
established Aug 14, 1935 · independent agency of the U.S. federal government
U.S. AbilityOne Commission
established Jan 1, 1938 · United States independent federal government agency
Maritime Labor Board
established Jan 1, 1938
Federal Security Agency
established Jul 1, 1939 · United States government agency from 1939 to 1953
Council of Economic Advisers
established Jan 1, 1946 · U.S. presidential advisory committee on economic policy
Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service
established Jun 23, 1947 · independent agency of the United States government
Central Intelligence Agency
established Sep 18, 1947 · national foreign intelligence agency of the United States
General Services Administration
established Jul 1, 1949 · US government agency, formed 1949
National Science Foundation
established May 10, 1950 · United States government agency
Federal Renegotiation Board
established May 22, 1951 · former independent agency of the United States executive branch
Small Business Administration
established Jul 30, 1953 · United States government agency that supports entrepreneurs and small businesses
United States Information Agency
established Aug 1, 1953 · former United States government agency
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
established Jul 29, 1958 · American space and aeronautics agency
National Capital Transportation Agency
established Jul 14, 1960 · agency created in 1960 by President Dwight D. Eisenhower to comprehensively plan different modes of transportation in the Washington, D.C. area
Federal Maritime Commission
established Jan 1, 1961 · regulatory agency of the United States federal government
United States Agency for International Development
established Jan 1, 1961 · US government civilian foreign aid agency
Space Nuclear Propulsion Office
established Jan 1, 1961 · agency researching nuclear rockets
Arms Control and Disarmament Agency
established Sep 26, 1961 · independent agency
Administrative Conference of the United States
established Jan 1, 1964 · independent agency of the United States government dedicated to improving federal agency administrative processes and procedures
Appalachian Regional Commission
established Jan 1, 1965 · United States independent federal agency that works for sustainable community and economic development in Appalachia
Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
established Jan 1, 1965 · American government agency
National Endowment for the Arts
established Jan 1, 1965 · independent agency of the United States federal government
National Endowment for the Humanities
established Sep 29, 1965 · independent federal agency of the United States government
Advisory Council on Historic Preservation
established Jan 1, 1966 · United States federal agency that encourages the preservation of historic properties across the nation
National Transportation Safety Board
established Apr 1, 1967 · United States government investigative agency for civil transportation accidents
Postal Regulatory Commission
established Jan 1, 1970 · US regulatory agency
National Commission on Libraries and Information Science
established Jan 1, 1970 · U.S. government agency
National Credit Union Administration
established Mar 10, 1970 · independent federal agency of United States
United States Environmental Protection Agency
established Dec 2, 1970 · U.S. federal government agency
Overseas Private Investment Corporation
established Jan 1, 1971 · government agency of the United States of America
United States Postal Service
established Jul 1, 1971 · independent agency of the U.S. federal government responsible for providing postal service
Inter-American Foundation
established Jan 1, 1972 · independent agency of the United States government that funds community-led development in Latin America and the Caribbean.
Marine Mammal Commission
established Jan 1, 1972 · government organization in Bethesda, United States
United States Consumer Product Safety Commission
established Jan 1, 1972 · United States government agency
United States Access Board
established Jan 1, 1973 · United States government agency devoted to accessibility for people with disabilities
Energy Research and Development Administration
established Oct 11, 1974 · predecessor to the United States Department of Energy
Federal Election Commission
established Oct 15, 1974 · United States independent regulatory agency that regulates federal elections
Office of Navajo and Hopi Indian Relocation
established Dec 22, 1974 · US government independent agency
Nuclear Regulatory Commission
established Jan 19, 1975 · government agency of the United States
United States Commodity Futures Trading Commission
established Apr 15, 1975 · government agency
Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe
established Jan 1, 1976 · independent agency of the United States government
Federal Mine Safety and Health Review Commission
established Jan 1, 1977 · independent Federal government agency in the USA
Federal Energy Regulatory Commission
established Oct 1, 1977 · independent agency of the United States federal government
Federal Labor Relations Authority
established Jan 1, 1978 · U.S. government agency
United States Merit Systems Protection Board
established Jan 1, 1979 · United States agency
United States Office of Special Counsel
established Jan 1, 1979 · Independent investigative and prosecutorial body of the United States federal government.
United States African Development Foundation
established Jan 1, 1980 · independent agency of the United States that provides grants to community groups and small enterprises that benefit under-served and marginalized groups in Africa
United States Arctic Research Commission
established Jan 1, 1984 · United States independent federal agency that develops and recommends a national Arctic research policy
United States Sentencing Commission
established Jan 1, 1984 · independent agency of the U.S. federal judiciary which determines sentencing guidelines
Barry M. Goldwater Scholarship
established Jan 1, 1986 · American merit-based scholarship awarded to prospective scientists
Federal Retirement Thrift Investment Board
established Jan 1, 1986 · Independent agency of the US government
James Madison Memorial Fellowship Foundation
established Jan 1, 1986 · foundation established by United States Congress in 1986
United States Interagency Council on Homelessness
established Jan 1, 1987 · U.S. independent federal agency
Christopher Columbus Fellowship Foundation
established Jan 1, 1992 · nonprofit organization in Arlington, United States
Morris K. Udall and Stewart L. Udall Foundation
established Jan 1, 1992 · Memorial U.S. indepedent executive branch
United States Trade and Development Agency
established Jan 1, 1992 · government agency
AmeriCorps
established Jan 1, 1993 · independent agency of the United States federal government
AmeriCorps Seniors
established Jan 1, 1993 · United States federal network of volunteer programs for Americans 55 years and older
Surface Transportation Board
established Jan 1, 1996 · independent agency of the United States federal government
Institute of Museum and Library Services
established Oct 1, 1996 · independent agency of the United States government, supporting libraries and museums
Denali Commission
established Jan 1, 1998 · independent agency of the United States government
U.S. Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board
established Jan 1, 1998 · independent U.S. federal agency charged with investigating industrial chemical accidents
U.S. Agency for Global Media
established Oct 1, 1999 · independent agency of the United States government that broadcasts news and information about the United States and the world to audiences abroad
Dwight D. Eisenhower Memorial Commission
established Oct 25, 1999
Delta Regional Authority
established Jan 1, 2000 · agency of the United States federal government
United States–China Economic and Security Review Commission
established Oct 1, 2000 · independent agency of the United States government
Election Assistance Commission
established Jan 1, 2002 · independent agency of the United States government
Millennium Challenge Corporation
established Jan 1, 2004 · government agency
Office of the Federal Coordinator, Alaska Natural Gas Transportation Projects
established Oct 13, 2004
Federal Housing Finance Agency
established Jan 1, 2008 · U.S. federal agency
Consumer Financial Protection Bureau
established Jul 21, 2011 · agency of the United States government responsible for consumer protection in the financial sector
National Commission on Military, National, and Public Service
established Sep 19, 2017
United States International Development Finance Corporation
established Dec 20, 2019 · an executive agency of the US federal government responsible for providing foreign aid
National Labor Board
established Aug 5, 1933 · independent agency of the United States Government
Executive Office of the President of the United States
established Jan 1, 1939 · U.S. federal government office of the president of the United States
Office of the Vice President of the United States
established Jan 1, 1939 · U.S. federal government office of the vice president of the United States
Fair Employment Practice Committee
established Jun 25, 1941 · American committee created to implement Executive Order 8802
Wage Stabilization Board
established Jan 1, 1945 · American independent government agency
United States National Security Council
established Jan 1, 1947 · U.S. federal executive national security and intelligence forum
Economic Stabilization Agency
established Jan 1, 1950 · American government agency
Office of the United States Trade Representative
established Jan 1, 1962 · United States government agency
Council on Environmental Quality
established Jan 1, 1969 · U.S. presidential advisory committee on environmental policy
Office of Management and Budget
established Jan 1, 1970 · agency that prepares and evaluates the President of the United States' annual budget to Congress
Office of Science and Technology Policy
established Jan 1, 1976 · department of the United States government, part of the Executive Office of the President
Office of Administration
established Dec 12, 1977 · U.S. federal organization within the Executive Office of the President
Office of National Drug Control Policy
established Oct 27, 1989 · United States government agency
United States Homeland Security Council
established Jan 1, 2001 · U.S. federal executive public safety, immigration and disaster relief forum
Homeland Security Advisory Council
established Mar 19, 2002 · part of the Executive Office of the President of the United States
United States Digital Service
established Aug 11, 2014 · former digital services department of the Executive Office of the President of the United States
Office of the National Cyber Director
established Jan 1, 2021 · US government agency on cybersecurity
United States Commercial Service
established Jan 1, 1927 · agency of the International Trade Administration
Independent Office of Appeals
established Jul 28, 1927 · independent organization within the US Internal Revenue Service
White House Office of the Press Secretary
established Jan 1, 1929 · information provider to the U.S. president, White House staff, and the media
Federal Bureau of Prisons
established May 14, 1930 · U.S. federal law enforcement agency
Federal Bureau of Narcotics
established Jun 14, 1930 · former agency of the United States Department of the Treasury
United States Veterans Administration
established Jul 3, 1930 · US federal agency
Agency start and end dates come from Wikidata, which covers smaller bureaus unevenly.
executive/regulationsFederal regulations
+119,835Federal Register API ↗
119,835 final rules published in the Federal Register
from Jan 1, 1994
9,497 of them flagged "significant" under EO 12866
major economic or policy impact
76,891 proposed rules · 767,703 notices
Loading which agencies published the most rules…
Final rules carry the force of law. Rescissions count as rules too, so this measures regulatory activity, not net growth.

Military

military/conflictsArmed conflicts
+34−27UCDP/PRIO Armed Conflict Dataset ↗
U.S. in 0 armed conflicts → 7
Iraq: insurgency and war against IS
began Aug 8, 2014 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against IS
Somalia: al-Shabaab
began 2015 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against Al-Shabaab
Iran–Israel conflict
began 2020 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against Israel
Red Sea: the Houthis (Yemen)
began Feb 3, 2024 · U.S. a principal party · against Ansarallah (the Houthis)
Syria: Islamic State
began 2025 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against IS
Nigeria: Islamic State
began 2025 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against IS
Somalia: Islamic State
began Feb 1, 2025 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against IS
27 conflicts began and ended in between
Korean War
Jun 27, 1950 – Jul 27, 1953 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against South Korea
Puerto Rican Nationalist uprising
Oct 30, 1950 – Nov 1, 1950 · U.S. a principal party · against Puerto Rican Nationalist Party
Taiwan Strait crisis
Dec 31, 1954 – Dec 31, 1954 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against Taiwan
Taiwan Strait crisis
Dec 31, 1958 – Dec 31, 1958 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against Taiwan
Bay of Pigs invasion
Apr 17, 1961 – Apr 20, 1961 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against Cuban Revolutionary Council
Vietnam: South Vietnam vs. the Viet Cong
1962 – Dec 31, 1964 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against FNL
Laotian Civil War
Dec 31, 1963 – Sep 14, 1973 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against Pathet Lao
Vietnam War
Dec 31, 1965 – Mar 29, 1973 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against North Vietnam
Cambodian Civil War
1970 – 1973 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against KR
Lebanese Civil War (Multinational Force)
1983 – 1984 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against Amal, NSF
Invasion of Grenada
Oct 25, 1983 – Oct 27, 1983 · U.S. a principal party · against Grenada
Invasion of Panama
Dec 23, 1989 – Dec 23, 1989 · U.S. a principal party · against Panama
Gulf War
Jan 17, 1991 – Mar 1, 1991 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against Kuwait
Kosovo War
Mar 24, 1999 – Nov 21, 1999 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against UCK
War against al-Qaida
Sep 11, 2001 – Dec 4, 2017 · U.S. a principal party · against al-Qaida
Invasion of Afghanistan
Oct 7, 2001 – Nov 13, 2001 · U.S. a principal party · against Afghanistan
War in Afghanistan (Taliban insurgency)
2003 – Aug 30, 2021 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against the Taliban
Invasion of Iraq
Mar 23, 2003 – Apr 28, 2003 · U.S. a principal party · against Iraq
Iraq: insurgency and war against IS
Jan 18, 2004 – Dec 18, 2011 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against Ansar al-Islam, IS
Yemen: Houthis and AQAP
2009 – 2014 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against Ansarallah, AQAP
Afghanistan: Islamic State
Mar 3, 2015 – Aug 30, 2021 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against IS
Libya: Islamic State
2016 – Sep 29, 2019 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against IS
Niger: Islamic State
2017 – 2022 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against IS
Kenya: al-Shabaab
2019 – 2021 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against Al-Shabaab
Somalia: Islamic State
Jun 4, 2019 – Dec 19, 2021 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against IS
War against al-Qaida
Jul 31, 2019 – Sep 7, 2019 · U.S. a principal party · against al-Qaida
Niger: JNIM
Dec 9, 2021 – 2022 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against JNIM
An armed conflict here means at least 25 battle deaths in a year, with U.S. forces as a party or fighting for a government (UCDP's definition). Air strikes, raids, and advisory missions below that threshold aren't included. UN peacekeeping missions are excluded. UCDP data runs through 2025, so "active" on later dates means active at the end of 2025.
military/authorizationsDeclarations of war & authorizations
+10Senate Historical Office ↗
Declaration of war on Japan
Dec 8, 1941 · World War II.
Declarations of war on Germany and Italy
Dec 11, 1941 · World War II.
Declarations of war on Bulgaria, Hungary, and Romania
Jun 5, 1942 · World War II.
Gulf of Tonkin Resolution
Aug 10, 1964 · Authorized military force in Southeast Asia (Pub. L. 88-408).
Gulf of Tonkin Resolution repealed
Jan 12, 1971 · Repealed by Pub. L. 91-672.
War Powers Resolution
Nov 7, 1973 · Congress overrode a veto to require the President to notify Congress of deployments and end them within 60 days without authorization.
Multinational Force in Lebanon Resolution
Oct 12, 1983 · Authorized U.S. participation in the Multinational Force in Lebanon (Pub. L. 98-119).
Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Iraq
Jan 14, 1991 · Authorized the Gulf War (Pub. L. 102-1).
Authorization for Use of Military Force (2001)
Sep 18, 2001 · Authorized force against those responsible for the September 11 attacks (Pub. L. 107-40).
Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Iraq (2002)
Oct 16, 2002 · Authorized the Iraq War (Pub. L. 107-243).

Legislative

legislative/controlControl of Congress
29 changesHouse History / Senate Historical Office ↗
Top: House · Bottom: Senate DemocraticRepublicanOther
69th Congress → 119th Congress · 50 new Congresses elected
29 changes of chamber control along the way
House: Republican majority on both dates
248 R · 184 D → 219 R · 214 D
Senate: Republican majority on both dates
54 R · 40 D → 53 R · 47 D
legislative/senateSenate
+100−95congress-legislators ↗
Oct 15, 1926 · 54 R · 40 D · 1 FL
Oscar Wilder Underwood (Democrat, AL)James Thomas Heflin (Democrat, AL)Thaddeus Horatius Caraway (Democrat, AR)Joseph Taylor Robinson (Democrat, AR)Henry Fountain Ashurst (Democrat, AZ)Thomas Francis Bayard Jr. (Democrat, DE)Duncan Upshaw Fletcher (Democrat, FL)Park Trammell (Democrat, FL)Walter Franklin George (Democrat, GA)William Julius Harris (Democrat, GA)Daniel Frederic Steck (Democrat, IA)Edwin Sidney Broussard (Democrat, LA)Joseph Eugene Ransdell (Democrat, LA)William Cabell Bruce (Democrat, MD)Woodbridge Nathan Ferris (Democrat, MI)James Alexander Reed (Democrat, MO)Hubert Durrett Stephens (Democrat, MS)Byron Patton Harrison (Democrat, MS)Burton Kendall Wheeler (Democrat, MT)Thomas James Walsh (Democrat, MT)Lee Slater Overman (Democrat, NC)Furnifold McLendel Simmons (Democrat, NC)Edward Irving Edwards (Democrat, NJ)Andrieus Aristieus Jones (Democrat, NM)Sam Gilbert Bratton (Democrat, NM)Key Pittman (Democrat, NV)Royal Samuel Copeland (Democrat, NY)Peter Goelet Gerry (Democrat, RI)Ellison DuRant Smith (Democrat, SC)Coleman Livingston Blease (Democrat, SC)Kenneth Douglas McKellar (Democrat, TN)Lawrence Davis Tyson (Democrat, TN)Earle Bradford Mayfield (Democrat, TX)Morris Sheppard (Democrat, TX)William Henry King (Democrat, UT)Claude Augustus Swanson (Democrat, VA)Carter Glass (Democrat, VA)Clarence Cleveland Dill (Democrat, WA)Matthew Mansfield Neely (Democrat, WV)John Benjamin Kendrick (Democrat, WY)Henrik Shipstead (Farmer-Labor, MN)Ralph Henry Cameron (Republican, AZ)Samuel Morgan Shortridge (Republican, CA)Hiram Warren Johnson (Republican, CA)Rice William Means (Republican, CO)Lawrence Cowle Phipps (Republican, CO)George Payne McLean (Republican, CT)Hiram Bingham (Republican, CT)Thomas Coleman du Pont (Republican, DE)David Wallace Stewart (Republican, IA)Frank Robert Gooding (Republican, ID)William Edgar Borah (Republican, ID)William Brown McKinley (Republican, IL)Charles Samuel Deneen (Republican, IL)James Eli Watson (Republican, IN)Arthur Raymond Robinson (Republican, IN)Charles Curtis (Republican, KS)Arthur Capper (Republican, KS)Richard Pretlow Ernst (Republican, KY)Frederic Mosley Sackett (Republican, KY)William Morgan Butler (Republican, MA)Frederick Huntington Gillett (Republican, MA)Ovington Eugene Weller (Republican, MD)Frederick Hale (Republican, ME)James Couzens (Republican, MI)Thomas David Schall (Republican, MN)George Howard Williams (Republican, MO)Lynn Joseph Frazier (Republican, ND)Gerald Prentice Nye (Republican, ND)Robert Beecher Howell (Republican, NE)George William Norris (Republican, NE)George Higgins Moses (Republican, NH)Henry Wilder Keyes (Republican, NH)Walter Evans Edge (Republican, NJ)Tasker Lowndes Oddie (Republican, NV)James Wolcott Wadsworth Jr. (Republican, NY)Frank Bartlett Willis (Republican, OH)Simeon Davison Fess (Republican, OH)John William Harreld (Republican, OK)William Bliss Pine (Republican, OK)Robert Nelson Stanfield (Republican, OR)Charles Linza McNary (Republican, OR)George Wharton Pepper (Republican, PA)David Aiken Reed (Republican, PA)Jesse Houghton Metcalf (Republican, RI)Peter Norbeck (Republican, SD)William Henry McMaster (Republican, SD)Reed Smoot (Republican, UT)Porter Hinman Dale (Republican, VT)Frank Lester Greene (Republican, VT)Wesley Livsey Jones (Republican, WA)Irvine Luther Lenroot (Republican, WI)Robert Marion La Follette Jr. (Republican, WI)Guy Despard Goff (Republican, WV)Francis Emroy Warren (Republican, WY)
Oct 15, 2026 · 53 R · 45 D · 2 I
Mark Kelly (Democrat, AZ)Ruben Gallego (Democrat, AZ)Alex Padilla (Democrat, CA)Adam B. Schiff (Democrat, CA)John W. Hickenlooper (Democrat, CO)Michael F. Bennet (Democrat, CO)Richard Blumenthal (Democrat, CT)Christopher Murphy (Democrat, CT)Christopher A. Coons (Democrat, DE)Lisa Blunt Rochester (Democrat, DE)Jon Ossoff (Democrat, GA)Raphael G. Warnock (Democrat, GA)Brian Schatz (Democrat, HI)Mazie K. Hirono (Democrat, HI)Richard J. Durbin (Democrat, IL)Tammy Duckworth (Democrat, IL)Edward J. Markey (Democrat, MA)Elizabeth Warren (Democrat, MA)Chris Van Hollen (Democrat, MD)Angela D. Alsobrooks (Democrat, MD)Gary C. Peters (Democrat, MI)Elissa Slotkin (Democrat, MI)Tina Smith (Democrat, MN)Amy Klobuchar (Democrat, MN)Jeanne Shaheen (Democrat, NH)Margaret Wood Hassan (Democrat, NH)Cory A. Booker (Democrat, NJ)Andy Kim (Democrat, NJ)Ben Ray Luján (Democrat, NM)Martin Heinrich (Democrat, NM)Catherine Cortez Masto (Democrat, NV)Jacky Rosen (Democrat, NV)Charles E. Schumer (Democrat, NY)Kirsten E. Gillibrand (Democrat, NY)Jeff Merkley (Democrat, OR)Ron Wyden (Democrat, OR)John Fetterman (Democrat, PA)Jack Reed (Democrat, RI)Sheldon Whitehouse (Democrat, RI)Mark R. Warner (Democrat, VA)Tim Kaine (Democrat, VA)Peter Welch (Democrat, VT)Patty Murray (Democrat, WA)Maria Cantwell (Democrat, WA)Tammy Baldwin (Democrat, WI)Angus S. King, Jr. (Independent, ME)Bernard Sanders (Independent, VT)Dan Sullivan (Republican, AK)Lisa Murkowski (Republican, AK)Tommy Tuberville (Republican, AL)Katie Boyd Britt (Republican, AL)Tom Cotton (Republican, AR)John Boozman (Republican, AR)Rick Scott (Republican, FL)Ashley Moody (Republican, FL)Joni Ernst (Republican, IA)Chuck Grassley (Republican, IA)James E. Risch (Republican, ID)Mike Crapo (Republican, ID)Todd Young (Republican, IN)Jim Banks (Republican, IN)Roger Marshall (Republican, KS)Jerry Moran (Republican, KS)Mitch McConnell (Republican, KY)Rand Paul (Republican, KY)Bill Cassidy (Republican, LA)John Kennedy (Republican, LA)Susan M. Collins (Republican, ME)Eric Schmitt (Republican, MO)Josh Hawley (Republican, MO)Cindy Hyde-Smith (Republican, MS)Roger F. Wicker (Republican, MS)Steve Daines (Republican, MT)Tim Sheehy (Republican, MT)Thom Tillis (Republican, NC)Ted Budd (Republican, NC)John Hoeven (Republican, ND)Kevin Cramer (Republican, ND)Pete Ricketts (Republican, NE)Deb Fischer (Republican, NE)Bernie Moreno (Republican, OH)Jon Husted (Republican, OH)James Lankford (Republican, OK)Alan Armstrong (Republican, OK)David McCormick (Republican, PA)Tim Scott (Republican, SC)Darline Graham (Republican, SC)Mike Rounds (Republican, SD)John Thune (Republican, SD)Bill Hagerty (Republican, TN)Marsha Blackburn (Republican, TN)John Cornyn (Republican, TX)Ted Cruz (Republican, TX)Mike Lee (Republican, UT)John R. Curtis (Republican, UT)Ron Johnson (Republican, WI)Shelley Moore Capito (Republican, WV)James C. Justice (Republican, WV)Cynthia M. Lummis (Republican, WY)John Barrasso (Republican, WY)
100 new members · 95 departed · 0 served on both dates · women 0 → 27 · median age 58 → 66
55 seats changed party
Morris Sheppard D
Texas
John Cornyn R
Texas
Charles Samuel Deneen R
Illinois
Richard J. Durbin D
Illinois
Charles Linza McNary R
Oregon
Jeff Merkley D
Oregon
Jesse Houghton Metcalf R
Rhode Island
Jack Reed D
Rhode Island
Show 51 more seat flips
Henry Wilder Keyes R
New Hampshire
Jeanne Shaheen D
New Hampshire
Thomas Coleman du Pont R
Delaware
Christopher A. Coons D
Delaware
Joseph Eugene Ransdell D
Louisiana
Bill Cassidy R
Louisiana
Frederick Huntington Gillett R
Massachusetts
Edward J. Markey D
Massachusetts
James Couzens R
Michigan
Gary C. Peters D
Michigan
Joseph Taylor Robinson D
Arkansas
Tom Cotton R
Arkansas
Thomas James Walsh D
Montana
Steve Daines R
Montana
Walter Evans Edge R
New Jersey
Cory A. Booker D
New Jersey
Daniel Frederic Steck D
Iowa
Joni Ernst R
Iowa
Furnifold McLendel Simmons D
North Carolina
Thom Tillis R
North Carolina
Thomas David Schall R
Minnesota
Tina Smith D
Minnesota
Byron Patton Harrison D
Mississippi
Cindy Hyde-Smith R
Mississippi
James Thomas Heflin D
Alabama
Tommy Tuberville R
Alabama
Lawrence Cowle Phipps R
Colorado
John W. Hickenlooper D
Colorado
Lawrence Davis Tyson D
Tennessee
Bill Hagerty R
Tennessee
Rice William Means R
Colorado
Michael F. Bennet D
Colorado
Hiram Bingham R
Connecticut
Richard Blumenthal D
Connecticut
Thaddeus Horatius Caraway D
Arkansas
John Boozman R
Arkansas
Wesley Livsey Jones R
Washington
Patty Murray D
Washington
James Wolcott Wadsworth Jr. R
New York
Charles E. Schumer D
New York
Ellison DuRant Smith D
South Carolina
Tim Scott R
South Carolina
Ovington Eugene Weller R
Maryland
Chris Van Hollen D
Maryland
Porter Hinman Dale R
Vermont
Peter Welch D
Vermont
Robert Nelson Stanfield R
Oregon
Ron Wyden D
Oregon
William Brown McKinley R
Illinois
Tammy Duckworth D
Illinois
Edwin Sidney Broussard D
Louisiana
John Kennedy R
Louisiana
George Higgins Moses R
New Hampshire
Margaret Wood Hassan D
New Hampshire
Tasker Lowndes Oddie R
Nevada
Catherine Cortez Masto D
Nevada
Lee Slater Overman D
North Carolina
Ted Budd R
North Carolina
Ralph Henry Cameron R
Arizona
Mark Kelly D
Arizona
Samuel Morgan Shortridge R
California
Alex Padilla D
California
Oscar Wilder Underwood D
Alabama
Katie Boyd Britt R
Alabama
George Wharton Pepper R
Pennsylvania
John Fetterman D
Pennsylvania
Henrik Shipstead FL
Minnesota
Amy Klobuchar D
Minnesota
Frank Lester Greene R
Vermont
Bernard Sanders I
Vermont
John Benjamin Kendrick D
Wyoming
John Barrasso R
Wyoming
Hubert Durrett Stephens D
Mississippi
Roger F. Wicker R
Mississippi
Robert Marion La Follette Jr. R
Wisconsin
Tammy Baldwin D
Wisconsin
Kenneth Douglas McKellar D
Tennessee
Marsha Blackburn R
Tennessee
George Payne McLean R
Connecticut
Christopher Murphy D
Connecticut
Hiram Warren Johnson R
California
Adam B. Schiff D
California
William Morgan Butler R
Massachusetts
Elizabeth Warren D
Massachusetts
Frederick Hale R
Maine
Angus S. King, Jr. I
Maine
Earle Bradford Mayfield D
Texas
Ted Cruz R
Texas
William Henry King D
Utah
John R. Curtis R
Utah
Park Trammell D
Florida
Rick Scott R
Florida
James Alexander Reed D
Missouri
Josh Hawley R
Missouri
Burton Kendall Wheeler D
Montana
Tim Sheehy R
Montana
Matthew Mansfield Neely D
West Virginia
James C. Justice R
West Virginia
Duncan Upshaw Fletcher D
Florida
Ashley Moody R
Florida
Coleman Livingston Blease D
South Carolina
Darline Graham R
South Carolina
Who joined and who left (100 in · 95 out)
Dan Sullivan R
Alaska
Lisa Murkowski R
Alaska
Tommy Tuberville R
Alabama
Katie Boyd Britt R
Alabama
Tom Cotton R
Arkansas
John Boozman R
Arkansas
Mark Kelly D
Arizona
Ruben Gallego D
Arizona
Alex Padilla D
California
Adam B. Schiff D
California
John W. Hickenlooper D
Colorado
Michael F. Bennet D
Colorado
Richard Blumenthal D
Connecticut
Christopher Murphy D
Connecticut
Christopher A. Coons D
Delaware
Lisa Blunt Rochester D
Delaware
Rick Scott R
Florida
Ashley Moody R
Florida
Jon Ossoff D
Georgia
Raphael G. Warnock D
Georgia
Brian Schatz D
Hawaii
Mazie K. Hirono D
Hawaii
Joni Ernst R
Iowa
Chuck Grassley R
Iowa
James E. Risch R
Idaho
Mike Crapo R
Idaho
Richard J. Durbin D
Illinois
Tammy Duckworth D
Illinois
Todd Young R
Indiana
Jim Banks R
Indiana
Roger Marshall R
Kansas
Jerry Moran R
Kansas
Mitch McConnell R
Kentucky
Rand Paul R
Kentucky
Bill Cassidy R
Louisiana
John Kennedy R
Louisiana
Edward J. Markey D
Massachusetts
Elizabeth Warren D
Massachusetts
Chris Van Hollen D
Maryland
Angela D. Alsobrooks D
Maryland
Susan M. Collins R
Maine
Angus S. King, Jr. I
Maine
Gary C. Peters D
Michigan
Elissa Slotkin D
Michigan
Tina Smith D
Minnesota
Amy Klobuchar D
Minnesota
Eric Schmitt R
Missouri
Josh Hawley R
Missouri
Cindy Hyde-Smith R
Mississippi
Roger F. Wicker R
Mississippi
Steve Daines R
Montana
Tim Sheehy R
Montana
Thom Tillis R
North Carolina
Ted Budd R
North Carolina
John Hoeven R
North Dakota
Kevin Cramer R
North Dakota
Pete Ricketts R
Nebraska
Deb Fischer R
Nebraska
Jeanne Shaheen D
New Hampshire
Margaret Wood Hassan D
New Hampshire
Cory A. Booker D
New Jersey
Andy Kim D
New Jersey
Ben Ray Luján D
New Mexico
Martin Heinrich D
New Mexico
Catherine Cortez Masto D
Nevada
Jacky Rosen D
Nevada
Charles E. Schumer D
New York
Kirsten E. Gillibrand D
New York
Bernie Moreno R
Ohio
Jon Husted R
Ohio
James Lankford R
Oklahoma
Alan Armstrong R
Oklahoma
Jeff Merkley D
Oregon
Ron Wyden D
Oregon
John Fetterman D
Pennsylvania
David McCormick R
Pennsylvania
Jack Reed D
Rhode Island
Sheldon Whitehouse D
Rhode Island
Tim Scott R
South Carolina
Darline Graham R
South Carolina
Mike Rounds R
South Dakota
John Thune R
South Dakota
Bill Hagerty R
Tennessee
Marsha Blackburn R
Tennessee
John Cornyn R
Texas
Ted Cruz R
Texas
Mike Lee R
Utah
John R. Curtis R
Utah
Mark R. Warner D
Virginia
Tim Kaine D
Virginia
Peter Welch D
Vermont
Bernard Sanders I
Vermont
Patty Murray D
Washington
Maria Cantwell D
Washington
Ron Johnson R
Wisconsin
Tammy Baldwin D
Wisconsin
Shelley Moore Capito R
West Virginia
James C. Justice R
West Virginia
Cynthia M. Lummis R
Wyoming
John Barrasso R
Wyoming
Oscar Wilder Underwood D
Alabama
James Thomas Heflin D
Alabama
Thaddeus Horatius Caraway D
Arkansas
Joseph Taylor Robinson D
Arkansas
Ralph Henry Cameron R
Arizona
Henry Fountain Ashurst D
Arizona
Samuel Morgan Shortridge R
California
Hiram Warren Johnson R
California
Rice William Means R
Colorado
Lawrence Cowle Phipps R
Colorado
George Payne McLean R
Connecticut
Hiram Bingham R
Connecticut
Thomas Francis Bayard Jr. D
Delaware
Thomas Coleman du Pont R
Delaware
Duncan Upshaw Fletcher D
Florida
Park Trammell D
Florida
Walter Franklin George D
Georgia
William Julius Harris D
Georgia
Daniel Frederic Steck D
Iowa
David Wallace Stewart R
Iowa
Frank Robert Gooding R
Idaho
William Edgar Borah R
Idaho
William Brown McKinley R
Illinois
Charles Samuel Deneen R
Illinois
James Eli Watson R
Indiana
Arthur Raymond Robinson R
Indiana
Charles Curtis R
Kansas
Arthur Capper R
Kansas
Richard Pretlow Ernst R
Kentucky
Frederic Mosley Sackett R
Kentucky
Edwin Sidney Broussard D
Louisiana
Joseph Eugene Ransdell D
Louisiana
William Morgan Butler R
Massachusetts
Frederick Huntington Gillett R
Massachusetts
Ovington Eugene Weller R
Maryland
William Cabell Bruce D
Maryland
Frederick Hale R
Maine
Woodbridge Nathan Ferris D
Michigan
James Couzens R
Michigan
Henrik Shipstead FL
Minnesota
Thomas David Schall R
Minnesota
James Alexander Reed D
Missouri
George Howard Williams R
Missouri
Hubert Durrett Stephens D
Mississippi
Byron Patton Harrison D
Mississippi
Burton Kendall Wheeler D
Montana
Thomas James Walsh D
Montana
Lee Slater Overman D
North Carolina
Furnifold McLendel Simmons D
North Carolina
Lynn Joseph Frazier R
North Dakota
Gerald Prentice Nye R
North Dakota
Robert Beecher Howell R
Nebraska
George William Norris R
Nebraska
George Higgins Moses R
New Hampshire
Henry Wilder Keyes R
New Hampshire
Edward Irving Edwards D
New Jersey
Walter Evans Edge R
New Jersey
Andrieus Aristieus Jones D
New Mexico
Sam Gilbert Bratton D
New Mexico
Tasker Lowndes Oddie R
Nevada
Key Pittman D
Nevada
James Wolcott Wadsworth Jr. R
New York
Royal Samuel Copeland D
New York
Frank Bartlett Willis R
Ohio
Simeon Davison Fess R
Ohio
John William Harreld R
Oklahoma
William Bliss Pine R
Oklahoma
Robert Nelson Stanfield R
Oregon
Charles Linza McNary R
Oregon
George Wharton Pepper R
Pennsylvania
David Aiken Reed R
Pennsylvania
Peter Goelet Gerry D
Rhode Island
Jesse Houghton Metcalf R
Rhode Island
Ellison DuRant Smith D
South Carolina
Coleman Livingston Blease D
South Carolina
Peter Norbeck R
South Dakota
William Henry McMaster R
South Dakota
Kenneth Douglas McKellar D
Tennessee
Lawrence Davis Tyson D
Tennessee
Earle Bradford Mayfield D
Texas
Morris Sheppard D
Texas
Reed Smoot R
Utah
William Henry King D
Utah
Claude Augustus Swanson D
Virginia
Carter Glass D
Virginia
Porter Hinman Dale R
Vermont
Frank Lester Greene R
Vermont
Wesley Livsey Jones R
Washington
Clarence Cleveland Dill D
Washington
Irvine Luther Lenroot R
Wisconsin
Robert Marion La Follette Jr. R
Wisconsin
Matthew Mansfield Neely D
West Virginia
Guy Despard Goff R
West Virginia
John Benjamin Kendrick D
Wyoming
Francis Emroy Warren R
Wyoming
legislative/houseHouse
+433−437congress-legislators ↗
Oct 15, 1926 · 248 R · 184 D · 3 FL · 1 S · 1 AL
William Bismarck Bowling (Democrat, AL-5)Miles Clayton Allgood (Democrat, AL-7)Edward Berton Almon (Democrat, AL-8)Lamar Jeffers (Democrat, AL-4)George Huddleston (Democrat, AL-9)John McDuffie (Democrat, AL-1)William Bacon Oliver (Democrat, AL-6)William Brockman Bankhead (Democrat, AL-10)Henry Bascom Steagall (Democrat, AL-3)Joseph Lister Hill (Democrat, AL-2)William Allan Oldfield (Democrat, AR-2)James Byron Reed (Democrat, AR-6)John Newton Tillman (Democrat, AR-3)Otis Theodore Wingo (Democrat, AR-4)Heartsill Ragon (Democrat, AR-5)Tilman Bacon Parks (Democrat, AR-7)William Joshua Driver (Democrat, AR-1)Carl Trumbull Hayden (Democrat, AZ-AL)John Edward Raker (Democrat, CA-2)Clarence Frederick Lea (Democrat, CA-1)Edward Thomas Taylor (Democrat, CO-4)John Harris Smithwick (Democrat, FL-3)Herbert Jackson Drane (Democrat, FL-1)William Joseph Sears (Democrat, FL-4)Robert Alexis Green (Democrat, FL-2)Gordon Lee (Democrat, GA-7)William David Upshaw (Democrat, GA-5)Thomas Montgomery Bell (Democrat, GA-9)Charles Robert Crisp (Democrat, GA-3)Charles Gordon Edwards (Democrat, GA-1)William Chester Lankford (Democrat, GA-11)William Washington Larsen (Democrat, GA-12)Samuel Rutherford (Democrat, GA-6)William Carter Wright (Democrat, GA-4)Charles Hillyer Brand (Democrat, GA-8)Edward Eugene Cox (Democrat, GA-2)Carl Vinson (Democrat, GA-10)William Paul Jarrett (Democrat, HI-AL)Thomas Aloysius Doyle (Democrat, IL-4)Stanley Henry Kunz (Democrat, IL-8)Henry Thomas Rainey (Democrat, IL-20)William Wright Arnold (Democrat, IL-23)Adolph Joachim Sabath (Democrat, IL-5)Frank Gardner (Democrat, IN-3)Harry Clifford Canfield (Democrat, IN-4)Arthur Herbert Greenwood (Democrat, IN-2)Chauncey Bundy Little (Democrat, KS-2)William Augustus Ayres (Democrat, KS-8)Ben Johnson (Democrat, KY-4)Arthur Blythe Rouse (Democrat, KY-6)Robert Young Thomas Jr. (Democrat, KY-3)David Hayes Kincheloe (Democrat, KY-2)Ralph Waldo Emerson Gilbert (Democrat, KY-8)Frederick Moore Vinson (Democrat, KY-9)Virgil Munday Chapman (Democrat, KY-7)Alben William Barkley (Democrat, KY-1)Ladislas Lazaro (Democrat, LA-7)Whitmell Pugh Martin (Democrat, LA-3)James O’Connor (Democrat, LA-1)James Zacharie Spearing (Democrat, LA-2)James Benjamin Aswell (Democrat, LA-8)Bolivar Edwards Kemp (Democrat, LA-6)John Nicholas Sandlin (Democrat, LA-4)Riley Joseph Wilson (Democrat, LA-5)James Ambrose Gallivan (Democrat, MA-12)John Joseph Douglass (Democrat, MA-10)William Patrick Connery Jr. (Democrat, MA-7)John Charles Linthicum (Democrat, MD-4)Stephen Warfield Gambrill (Democrat, MD-5)Thomas Alan Goldsborough (Democrat, MD-1)Millard Evelyn Tydings (Democrat, MD-2)Harry Bartow Hawes (Democrat, MO-11)Thomas Lewis Rubey (Democrat, MO-16)Samuel Collier Major (Democrat, MO-7)Clement Cabell Dickinson (Democrat, MO-6)Ralph Fulton Lozier (Democrat, MO-2)Jacob Le Roy Milligan (Democrat, MO-3)William Lester Nelson (Democrat, MO-8)Milton Andrew Romjue (Democrat, MO-1)Clarence Andrew Cannon (Democrat, MO-9)Bill Green Lowrey (Democrat, MS-2)Thomas Webber Wilson (Democrat, MS-6)James William Collier (Democrat, MS-8)Percy Edwards Quin (Democrat, MS-7)Thomas Jefferson Busby (Democrat, MS-4)Ross Alexander Collins (Democrat, MS-5)William Madison Whittington (Democrat, MS-3)John Elliott Rankin (Democrat, MS-1)John Morgan Evans (Democrat, MT-1)Homer Le Grand Lyon (Democrat, NC-6)William Cicero Hammer (Democrat, NC-7)Charles Manly Stedman (Democrat, NC-5)Charles Laban Abernethy (Democrat, NC-3)Edward William Pou (Democrat, NC-4)Lindsay Carter Warren (Democrat, NC-1)Zebulon Weaver (Democrat, NC-10)Alfred Lee Bulwinkle (Democrat, NC-9)Robert Lee Doughton (Democrat, NC-8)John Hosea Kerr (Democrat, NC-2)Edgar Howard (Democrat, NE-3)John Henry Morehead (Democrat, NE-1)Ashton Cokayne Shallenberger (Democrat, NE-5)Oscar Louis Auf Der Heide (Democrat, NJ-11)Mary Teresa Norton (Democrat, NJ-12)John Morrow (Democrat, NM-1)William Edward Cleary (Democrat, NY-8)Meyer Jacobstein (Democrat, NY-38)John Joseph Kindred (Democrat, NY-2)John Francis Carew (Democrat, NY-18)David Joseph O’Connell (Democrat, NY-9)John Francis Quayle (Democrat, NY-7)Royal Hurlburt Weller (Democrat, NY-21)Loring Milton Black Jr. (Democrat, NY-5)George Washington Lindsay (Democrat, NY-3)Frank Oliver (Democrat, NY-23)Anning Smith Prall (Democrat, NY-11)Parker Corning (Democrat, NY-28)Anthony Jerome Griffin (Democrat, NY-22)John Joseph Boylan (Democrat, NY-15)John Joseph O’Connor (Democrat, NY-16)Christopher Daniel Sullivan (Democrat, NY-13)James Michael Mead (Democrat, NY-42)Thomas Henry Cullen (Democrat, NY-4)Samuel Dickstein (Democrat, NY-12)Sol Bloom (Democrat, NY-19)Andrew Lawrence Somers (Democrat, NY-6)Emanuel Celler (Democrat, NY-10)Martin Luther Davey (Democrat, OH-14)Charles Anthony Mooney (Democrat, OH-20)Mell Gilbert Underwood (Democrat, OH-11)Thomas Brooks Fletcher (Democrat, OH-8)John McSweeney (Democrat, OH-16)Robert Crosser (Democrat, OH-21)Charles David Carter (Democrat, OK-3)William Wirt Hastings (Democrat, OK-2)James Vernon McClintic (Democrat, OK-7)Thomas Deitz McKeown (Democrat, OK-4)Fletcher B. Swank (Democrat, OK-5)John William Elmer Thomas (Democrat, OK-6)Jeremiah Edward O’Connell (Democrat, RI-3)Frederick Haskell Dominick (Democrat, SC-3)William Francis Stevenson (Democrat, SC-5)John Jackson McSwain (Democrat, SC-4)Allard Henry Gasque (Democrat, SC-6)Thomas Sanders McMillan (Democrat, SC-1)Hampton Pitts Fulmer (Democrat, SC-7)Butler Black Hare (Democrat, SC-2)Finis James Garrett (Democrat, TN-9)Hubert Frederick Fisher (Democrat, TN-10)Ewin Lamar Davis (Democrat, TN-5)Edward Everett Eslick (Democrat, TN-7)Cordell Hull (Democrat, TN-4)Gordon Weaver Browning (Democrat, TN-8)Joseph Wellington Byrns (Democrat, TN-6)Samuel Davis McReynolds (Democrat, TN-3)Eugene Black (Democrat, TX-1)John Calvin Box (Democrat, TX-2)Claude Benton Hudspeth (Democrat, TX-16)Daniel Edward Garrett (Democrat, TX-8)Guinn Williams (Democrat, TX-13)Clay Stone Briggs (Democrat, TX-7)John Nance Garner (Democrat, TX-15)Thomas Lindsay Blanton (Democrat, TX-17)James Paul Buchanan (Democrat, TX-10)Morgan Gurley Sanders (Democrat, TX-3)John Marvin Jones (Democrat, TX-18)Luther Alexander Johnson (Democrat, TX-6)Fritz Garland Lanham (Democrat, TX-12)Hatton William Sumners (Democrat, TX-5)Thomas Terry Connally (Democrat, TX-11)Joseph Jefferson Mansfield (Democrat, TX-9)Samuel Taliaferro Rayburn (Democrat, TX-4)Joseph Thomas Deal (Democrat, VA-2)Thomas Walter Harrison (Democrat, VA-7)George Campbell Peery (Democrat, VA-9)Robert Walton Moore (Democrat, VA-8)Joseph Whitehead (Democrat, VA-5)Henry St. George Tucker (Democrat, VA-10)Andrew Jackson Montague (Democrat, VA-3)Clifton Alexander Woodrum (Democrat, VA-6)Patrick Henry Drewry (Democrat, VA-4)Schuyler Otis Bland (Democrat, VA-1)Samuel Billingsley Hill (Democrat, WA-5)James Alfred Taylor (Democrat, WV-6)Knud Wefald (Farmer-Labor, MN-9)William Leighton Carss (Farmer-Labor, MN-8)Ole Juulson Kvale (Farmer-Labor, MN-7)Fiorello Henry La Guardia (American Labor, NY-20)Victor Luitpold Berger (Socialist, WI-5)Daniel Alexander Sutherland (Republican, AK-AL)Lawrence James Flaherty (Republican, CA-5)John Donnan Fredericks (Republican, CA-10)Walter Franklin Lineberger (Republican, CA-9)Charles Forrest Curry (Republican, CA-3)Henry Ellsworth Barbour (Republican, CA-7)Arthur Monroe Free (Republican, CA-8)Philip David Swing (Republican, CA-11)Florence Prag Kahn (Republican, CA-4)Albert Edward Carter (Republican, CA-6)William Newell Vaile (Republican, CO-1)Guy Urban Hardy (Republican, CO-3)Charles Bateman Timberlake (Republican, CO-2)Edward Hart Fenn (Republican, CT-1)James Peter Glynn (Republican, CT-5)Richard Patrick Freeman (Republican, CT-2)John Quillin Tilson (Republican, CT-3)Schuyler Merritt (Republican, CT-4)Robert Griffith Houston (Republican, DE-AL)William Dayton Boies (Republican, IA-11)William Raymond Green (Republican, IA-9)Fred Dickinson Letts (Republican, IA-2)Cyrenus Cole (Republican, IA-5)Lester Jesse Dickinson (Republican, IA-10)Gilbert Nelson Haugen (Republican, IA-4)William Frederick Kopp (Republican, IA-1)Christian William Ramseyer (Republican, IA-6)Thomas John Bright Robinson (Republican, IA-3)Lloyd Thurston (Republican, IA-8)Cassius Clay Dowell (Republican, IA-7)Burton Lee French (Republican, ID-1)Addison Taylor Smith (Republican, ID-2)Charles Eugene Fuller (Republican, IL-12)Frank Hamilton Funk (Republican, IL-17)John Jerome Gorman (Republican, IL-6)Loren Edgar Wheeler (Republican, IL-21)Edward John King (Republican, IL-15)Martin Barnaby Madden (Republican, IL-1)Henry Riggs Rathbone (Republican, IL-AL)Edward Everett Denison (Republican, IL-25)Edward Michael Irwin (Republican, IL-22)Magne Alfred Michaelson (Republican, IL-7)Elliott Wilford Sproul (Republican, IL-3)Thomas Sutler Williams (Republican, IL-24)Charles Adkins (Republican, IL-19)John Clayton Allen (Republican, IL-14)Carl Richard Chindblom (Republican, IL-10)William Perry Holaday (Republican, IL-18)Morton Denison Hull (Republican, IL-2)William Edgar Hull (Republican, IL-16)William Richard Johnson (Republican, IL-13)Frederick Albert Britten (Republican, IL-9)Frank R. Reid (Republican, IL-11)Ralph Eugene Updike (Republican, IN-7)Richard Nash Elliott (Republican, IN-6)Albert Richardson Hall (Republican, IN-11)Andrew James Hickey (Republican, IN-13)Harry Emerson Rowbottom (Republican, IN-1)David Hogg (Republican, IN-12)Fred Sampson Purnell (Republican, IN-9)Albert Henry Vestal (Republican, IN-8)William Robert Wood (Republican, IN-10)Noble Jacob Johnson (Republican, IN-5)Jasper Napoleon Tincher (Republican, KS-7)Daniel Read Anthony Jr. (Republican, KS-1)Hays Baxter White (Republican, KS-6)William Henry Sproul (Republican, KS-3)Homer Hoch (Republican, KS-4)James George Strong (Republican, KS-5)Andrew Jackson Kirk (Republican, KY-10)John Wesley Langley (Republican, KY-AL)Maurice Hudson Thatcher (Republican, KY-5)John Marshall Robsion (Republican, KY-11)George Bosworth Churchill (Republican, MA-2)John Jacob Rogers (Republican, MA-5)Harry Irving Thayer (Republican, MA-8)Louis Adams Frothingham (Republican, MA-14)George Russell Stobbs (Republican, MA-4)Charles Lee Underhill (Republican, MA-9)Frank Herbert Foss (Republican, MA-3)Abram Piatt Andrew Jr. (Republican, MA-6)Robert Luce (Republican, MA-13)George Holden Tinkham (Republican, MA-11)Allen Towner Treadway (Republican, MA-1)Charles Laceille Gifford (Republican, MA-16)Joseph William Martin Jr. (Republican, MA-15)John Boynton Philip Clayton Hill (Republican, MD-3)Frederick Nicholas Zihlman (Republican, MD-6)Ira Greenlief Hersey (Republican, ME-4)John Edward Nelson (Republican, ME-3)Carroll Lynwood Beedy (Republican, ME-1)Wallace Humphrey White Jr. (Republican, ME-2)Frank Douglas Scott (Republican, MI-11)John Bartholomew Sosnowski (Republican, MI-1)Arthur Bruce Williams (Republican, MI-3)Louis Convers Cramton (Republican, MI-7)Grant Martin Hudson (Republican, MI-6)John Clark Ketcham (Republican, MI-4)James Campbell McLaughlin (Republican, MI-9)Bird J. Vincent (Republican, MI-8)William Francis James (Republican, MI-12)Carl Edgar Mapes (Republican, MI-5)Clarence John McLeod (Republican, MI-13)Earl Cory Michener (Republican, MI-2)Roy Orchard Woodruff (Republican, MI-10)Oscar Edward Keller (Republican, MN-4)Allen John Furlow (Republican, MN-1)Walter Hughes Newton (Republican, MN-5)Frank Clague (Republican, MN-2)Godfrey Gummer Goodwin (Republican, MN-10)Harold Knutson (Republican, MN-6)August Herman Andresen (Republican, MN-3)Ralph Emerson Bailey (Republican, MO-14)Cleveland Alexander Newton (Republican, MO-10)Charles Lee Faust (Republican, MO-4)Edgar Clarence Ellis (Republican, MO-5)Charles Edward Kiefner (Republican, MO-13)Leonidas Carstarphen Dyer (Republican, MO-12)Joe Jonathan Manlove (Republican, MO-15)Scott Leavitt (Republican, MT-2)Olger Burton Burtness (Republican, ND-1)Thomas Hall (Republican, ND-2)James Herbert Sinclair (Republican, ND-3)Melvin Orlando McLaughlin (Republican, NE-4)Willis Gratz Sears (Republican, NE-2)Robert Glenmore Simmons (Republican, NE-6)Fletcher Hale (Republican, NH-1)Edward Hills Wason (Republican, NH-2)Stewart Hoffman Appleby (Republican, NJ-3)Francis Ford Patterson Jr. (Republican, NJ-1)Herbert Worthington Taylor (Republican, NJ-8)Franklin William Fort (Republican, NJ-9)Ernest Robinson Ackerman (Republican, NJ-5)Isaac Bacharach (Republican, NJ-2)Frederick Reimold Lehlbach (Republican, NJ-10)Randolph Perkins (Republican, NJ-6)George Nicholas Seger (Republican, NJ-7)Charles Aubrey Eaton (Republican, NJ-4)Samuel Shaw Arentz (Republican, NV-AL)Benjamin Lewis Fairchild (Republican, NY-24)Ogden Livingston Mills (Republican, NY-17)Nathan David Perlman (Republican, NY-14)Harold Sumner Tolley (Republican, NY-34)Clarence MacGregor (Republican, NY-41)Walter Warren Magee (Republican, NY-35)Thaddeus C. Sweet (Republican, NY-32)Stephen Wallace Dempsey (Republican, NY-40)Jonathan Mayhew Wainwright (Republican, NY-25)Frederick Morgan Davenport (Republican, NY-33)Harcourt Joseph Pratt (Republican, NY-27)Archie Dovell Sanders (Republican, NY-39)James Southworth Parker (Republican, NY-29)Gale Hamilton Stalker (Republican, NY-37)Robert Low Bacon (Republican, NY-1)Bertrand Hollis Snell (Republican, NY-31)Frank Crowther (Republican, NY-30)Hamilton Fish (Republican, NY-26)Daniel Alden Reed (Republican, NY-43)John Taber (Republican, NY-36)James Thomas Begg (Republican, OH-13)William Thomas Fitzgerald (Republican, OH-4)Ambrose Everett Burnside Stephens (Republican, OH-2)Theodore Elijah Burton (Republican, OH-22)William Wallace Chalmers (Republican, OH-9)Roy Gerald Fitzgerald (Republican, OH-3)Charles Cyrus Kearns (Republican, OH-6)William Mitchell Morgan (Republican, OH-17)John Charles Speaks (Republican, OH-12)Charles James Thompson (Republican, OH-5)Charles Brand (Republican, OH-7)Nicholas Longworth (Republican, OH-1)Charles Ellis Moore (Republican, OH-15)Benjamin Franklin Murphy (Republican, OH-18)John Gordon Cooper (Republican, OH-19)Thomas Albert Jenkins (Republican, OH-10)Samuel James Montgomery (Republican, OK-1)Milton Cline Garber (Republican, OK-8)Maurice Edgar Crumpacker (Republican, OR-3)Nicholas John Sinnott (Republican, OR-2)Willis Chatman Hawley (Republican, OR-1)Harris Jacob Bixler (Republican, PA-28)Edmund Nelson Carpenter (Republican, PA-12)James McDevitt Magee (Republican, PA-35)Thomas Wharton Phillips Jr. (Republican, PA-26)Joshua William Swartz (Republican, PA-19)William Irvin Swoope (Republican, PA-23)Anderson Howell Walters (Republican, PA-20)Thomas Stalker Butler (Republican, PA-8)John Mary Morin (Republican, PA-34)William Scott Vare (Republican, PA-1)Charles Joseph Esterly (Republican, PA-14)William Walton Griest (Republican, PA-10)Edgar Raymond Kiess (Republican, PA-16)Franklin Menges (Republican, PA-22)Stephen Geyer Porter (Republican, PA-32)Laurence Hawley Watres (Republican, PA-11)Edward McMath Beers (Republican, PA-18)Guy Edgar Campbell (Republican, PA-36)William Radford Coyle (Republican, PA-30)Benjamin Martin Golder (Republican, PA-4)George Scott Graham (Republican, PA-2)Samuel Austin Kendall (Republican, PA-24)Frederick William Magrady (Republican, PA-17)Milton William Shreve (Republican, PA-29)Henry Wilson Temple (Republican, PA-25)George Austin Welsh (Republican, PA-6)Adam Martin Wyant (Republican, PA-31)George Franklin Brumm (Republican, PA-13)James Joseph Connolly (Republican, PA-5)Melville Clyde Kelly (Republican, PA-33)Jacob Banks Kurtz (Republican, PA-21)Louis Thomas McFadden (Republican, PA-15)Nathan Leroy Strong (Republican, PA-27)Henry Winfield Watson (Republican, PA-9)Harry Clay Ransley (Republican, PA-3)George Potter Darrow (Republican, PA-7)Richard Steere Aldrich (Republican, RI-2)Clark Burdick (Republican, RI-1)Charles Andrew Christopherson (Republican, SD-1)Royal Cleaves Johnson (Republican, SD-2)William Williamson (Republican, SD-3)James Willis Taylor (Republican, TN-2)Brazilla Carroll Reece (Republican, TN-1)Harry McLeary Wurzbach (Republican, TX-14)Elmer O. Leatherwood (Republican, UT-2)Don Byron Colton (Republican, UT-1)Elbert Sidney Brigham (Republican, VT-1)Ernest Willard Gibson (Republican, VT-2)John Franklin Miller (Republican, WA-1)Lindley Hoag Hadley (Republican, WA-2)Albert Johnson (Republican, WA-3)John William Summers (Republican, WA-4)Edward Voigt (Republican, WI-2)Joseph David Beck (Republican, WI-7)Edward Everts Browne (Republican, WI-8)Florian Lampert (Republican, WI-6)Henry Allen Cooper (Republican, WI-1)John Mandt Nelson (Republican, WI-3)James Archibald Frear (Republican, WI-10)Hubert Haskell Peavey (Republican, WI-11)George John Schneider (Republican, WI-9)John Charles Schafer (Republican, WI-4)Harry Chapman Woodyard (Republican, WV-4)James French Strother (Republican, WV-5)John Marshall Wolverton (Republican, WV-3)Carl George Bachmann (Republican, WV-1)Frank Llewellyn Bowman (Republican, WV-2)Charles Edwin Winter (Republican, WY-AL)
Oct 15, 2026 · 218 R · 214 D · 1 I
Terri A. Sewell (Democrat, AL-7)Shomari Figures (Democrat, AL-2)Greg Stanton (Democrat, AZ-4)Yassamin Ansari (Democrat, AZ-3)Adelita S. Grijalva (Democrat, AZ-7)Judy Chu (Democrat, CA-28)Jim Costa (Democrat, CA-21)John Garamendi (Democrat, CA-8)Zoe Lofgren (Democrat, CA-18)Doris O. Matsui (Democrat, CA-7)Nancy Pelosi (Democrat, CA-11)Brad Sherman (Democrat, CA-32)Linda T. Sánchez (Democrat, CA-38)Mike Thompson (Democrat, CA-4)Maxine Waters (Democrat, CA-43)Jared Huffman (Democrat, CA-2)Ami Bera (Democrat, CA-6)Julia Brownley (Democrat, CA-26)Raul Ruiz (Democrat, CA-25)Mark Takano (Democrat, CA-39)Juan Vargas (Democrat, CA-52)Scott H. Peters (Democrat, CA-50)Mark DeSaulnier (Democrat, CA-10)Pete Aguilar (Democrat, CA-33)Ted Lieu (Democrat, CA-36)Norma J. Torres (Democrat, CA-35)Ro Khanna (Democrat, CA-17)Jimmy Panetta (Democrat, CA-19)Salud O. Carbajal (Democrat, CA-24)Nanette Diaz Barragán (Democrat, CA-44)J. Luis Correa (Democrat, CA-46)Jimmy Gomez (Democrat, CA-34)Josh Harder (Democrat, CA-9)Mike Levin (Democrat, CA-49)Sara Jacobs (Democrat, CA-51)Kevin Mullin (Democrat, CA-15)Sydney Kamlager-Dove (Democrat, CA-37)Robert Garcia (Democrat, CA-42)Gilbert Ray Cisneros, Jr. (Democrat, CA-31)Lateefah Simon (Democrat, CA-12)Adam Gray (Democrat, CA-13)Sam T. Liccardo (Democrat, CA-16)George Whitesides (Democrat, CA-27)Luz M. Rivas (Democrat, CA-29)Laura Friedman (Democrat, CA-30)Derek Tran (Democrat, CA-45)Dave Min (Democrat, CA-47)Aisha Wahab (Democrat, CA-14)Diana DeGette (Democrat, CO-1)Joe Neguse (Democrat, CO-2)Jason Crow (Democrat, CO-6)Brittany Pettersen (Democrat, CO-7)Joe Courtney (Democrat, CT-2)Rosa L. DeLauro (Democrat, CT-3)James A. Himes (Democrat, CT-4)John B. Larson (Democrat, CT-1)Jahana Hayes (Democrat, CT-5)Sarah McBride (Democrat, DE-AL)Kathy Castor (Democrat, FL-14)Debbie Wasserman Schultz (Democrat, FL-25)Frederica S. Wilson (Democrat, FL-24)Lois Frankel (Democrat, FL-22)Darren Soto (Democrat, FL-9)Maxwell Frost (Democrat, FL-10)Jared Moskowitz (Democrat, FL-23)Sanford D. Bishop, Jr. (Democrat, GA-2)Henry C. "Hank" Johnson, Jr. (Democrat, GA-4)Lucy McBath (Democrat, GA-6)Nikema Williams (Democrat, GA-5)Everton Blair Jr. (Democrat, GA-13)Ed Case (Democrat, HI-1)Jill N. Tokuda (Democrat, HI-2)Danny K. Davis (Democrat, IL-7)Mike Quigley (Democrat, IL-5)Janice D. Schakowsky (Democrat, IL-9)Bill Foster (Democrat, IL-11)Robin L. Kelly (Democrat, IL-2)Bradley Scott Schneider (Democrat, IL-10)Raja Krishnamoorthi (Democrat, IL-8)Jesús G. "Chuy" García (Democrat, IL-4)Sean Casten (Democrat, IL-6)Lauren Underwood (Democrat, IL-14)Jonathan L. Jackson (Democrat, IL-1)Delia C. Ramirez (Democrat, IL-3)Nikki Budzinski (Democrat, IL-13)Eric Sorensen (Democrat, IL-17)André Carson (Democrat, IN-7)Frank J. Mrvan (Democrat, IN-1)Sharice Davids (Democrat, KS-3)Morgan McGarvey (Democrat, KY-3)Troy A. Carter (Democrat, LA-2)Cleo Fields (Democrat, LA-6)William R. Keating (Democrat, MA-9)Stephen F. Lynch (Democrat, MA-8)James P. McGovern (Democrat, MA-2)Richard E. Neal (Democrat, MA-1)Katherine M. Clark (Democrat, MA-5)Seth Moulton (Democrat, MA-6)Lori Trahan (Democrat, MA-3)Ayanna Pressley (Democrat, MA-7)Jake Auchincloss (Democrat, MA-4)Steny H. Hoyer (Democrat, MD-5)Jamie Raskin (Democrat, MD-8)Kweisi Mfume (Democrat, MD-7)Glenn Ivey (Democrat, MD-4)Johnny Olszewski, Jr. (Democrat, MD-2)Sarah Elfreth (Democrat, MD-3)April McClain Delaney (Democrat, MD-6)Chellie Pingree (Democrat, ME-1)Jared F. Golden (Democrat, ME-2)Debbie Dingell (Democrat, MI-6)Haley M. Stevens (Democrat, MI-11)Rashida Tlaib (Democrat, MI-12)Hillary J. Scholten (Democrat, MI-3)Shri Thanedar (Democrat, MI-13)Kristen McDonald Rivet (Democrat, MI-8)Betty McCollum (Democrat, MN-4)Angie Craig (Democrat, MN-2)Ilhan Omar (Democrat, MN-5)Kelly Morrison (Democrat, MN-3)Emanuel Cleaver (Democrat, MO-5)Wesley Bell (Democrat, MO-1)Bennie G. Thompson (Democrat, MS-2)Alma S. Adams (Democrat, NC-12)Deborah K. Ross (Democrat, NC-2)Donald G. Davis (Democrat, NC-1)Valerie P. Foushee (Democrat, NC-4)Chris Pappas (Democrat, NH-1)Maggie Goodlander (Democrat, NH-2)Frank Pallone, Jr. (Democrat, NJ-6)Donald Norcross (Democrat, NJ-1)Bonnie Watson Coleman (Democrat, NJ-12)Josh Gottheimer (Democrat, NJ-5)Robert Menendez (Democrat, NJ-8)LaMonica McIver (Democrat, NJ-10)Herbert C. Conaway, Jr. (Democrat, NJ-3)Nellie Pou (Democrat, NJ-9)Analilia Mejia (Democrat, NJ-11)Teresa Leger Fernandez (Democrat, NM-3)Melanie A. Stansbury (Democrat, NM-1)Gabe Vasquez (Democrat, NM-2)Dina Titus (Democrat, NV-1)Steven Horsford (Democrat, NV-4)Susie Lee (Democrat, NV-3)Yvette D. Clarke (Democrat, NY-9)Gregory W. Meeks (Democrat, NY-5)Jerrold Nadler (Democrat, NY-12)Paul Tonko (Democrat, NY-20)Nydia M. Velázquez (Democrat, NY-7)Grace Meng (Democrat, NY-6)Hakeem S. Jeffries (Democrat, NY-8)Adriano Espaillat (Democrat, NY-13)Joseph D. Morelle (Democrat, NY-25)Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez (Democrat, NY-14)Ritchie Torres (Democrat, NY-15)Patrick Ryan (Democrat, NY-18)Daniel S. Goldman (Democrat, NY-10)Thomas R. Suozzi (Democrat, NY-3)Timothy M. Kennedy (Democrat, NY-26)Laura Gillen (Democrat, NY-4)George Latimer (Democrat, NY-16)Josh Riley (Democrat, NY-19)John W. Mannion (Democrat, NY-22)Marcy Kaptur (Democrat, OH-9)Joyce Beatty (Democrat, OH-3)Shontel M. Brown (Democrat, OH-11)Greg Landsman (Democrat, OH-1)Emilia Strong Sykes (Democrat, OH-13)Suzanne Bonamici (Democrat, OR-1)Val T. Hoyle (Democrat, OR-4)Andrea Salinas (Democrat, OR-6)Maxine Dexter (Democrat, OR-3)Janelle S. Bynum (Democrat, OR-5)Brendan F. Boyle (Democrat, PA-2)Dwight Evans (Democrat, PA-3)Mary Gay Scanlon (Democrat, PA-5)Madeleine Dean (Democrat, PA-4)Chrissy Houlahan (Democrat, PA-6)Summer L. Lee (Democrat, PA-12)Christopher R. Deluzio (Democrat, PA-17)Seth Magaziner (Democrat, RI-2)Gabe Amo (Democrat, RI-1)James E. Clyburn (Democrat, SC-6)Steve Cohen (Democrat, TN-9)Henry Cuellar (Democrat, TX-28)Lloyd Doggett (Democrat, TX-37)Al Green (Democrat, TX-9)Joaquin Castro (Democrat, TX-20)Marc A. Veasey (Democrat, TX-33)Vicente Gonzalez (Democrat, TX-34)Lizzie Fletcher (Democrat, TX-7)Veronica Escobar (Democrat, TX-16)Sylvia R. Garcia (Democrat, TX-29)Jasmine Crockett (Democrat, TX-30)Greg Casar (Democrat, TX-35)Julie Johnson (Democrat, TX-32)Christian D. Menefee (Democrat, TX-18)Robert C. "Bobby" Scott (Democrat, VA-3)Donald S. Beyer, Jr. (Democrat, VA-8)Jennifer L. McClellan (Democrat, VA-4)Eugene Simon Vindman (Democrat, VA-7)Suhas Subramanyam (Democrat, VA-10)James R. Walkinshaw (Democrat, VA-11)Becca Balint (Democrat, VT-AL)Rick Larsen (Democrat, WA-2)Adam Smith (Democrat, WA-9)Suzan K. DelBene (Democrat, WA-1)Pramila Jayapal (Democrat, WA-7)Kim Schrier (Democrat, WA-8)Marilyn Strickland (Democrat, WA-10)Marie Gluesenkamp Perez (Democrat, WA-3)Emily Randall (Democrat, WA-6)Gwen Moore (Democrat, WI-4)Mark Pocan (Democrat, WI-2)Kevin Kiley (Independent, CA-3)Nicholas J. Begich III (Republican, AK-AL)Robert B. Aderholt (Republican, AL-4)Mike Rogers (Republican, AL-3)Gary J. Palmer (Republican, AL-6)Barry Moore (Republican, AL-1)Dale W. Strong (Republican, AL-5)Eric A. "Rick" Crawford (Republican, AR-1)Steve Womack (Republican, AR-3)J. French Hill (Republican, AR-2)Bruce Westerman (Republican, AR-4)Paul A. Gosar (Republican, AZ-9)David Schweikert (Republican, AZ-1)Andy Biggs (Republican, AZ-5)Elijah Crane (Republican, AZ-2)Juan Ciscomani (Republican, AZ-6)Abraham J. Hamadeh (Republican, AZ-8)Ken Calvert (Republican, CA-41)Tom McClintock (Republican, CA-5)Darrell Issa (Republican, CA-48)David G. Valadao (Republican, CA-22)Jay Obernolte (Republican, CA-23)Young Kim (Republican, CA-40)Vince Fong (Republican, CA-20)James Gallagher (Republican, CA-1)Lauren Boebert (Republican, CO-4)Jeff Hurd (Republican, CO-3)Jeff Crank (Republican, CO-5)Gabe Evans (Republican, CO-8)Gus M. Bilirakis (Republican, FL-12)Vern Buchanan (Republican, FL-16)Mario Diaz-Balart (Republican, FL-26)Daniel Webster (Republican, FL-11)Neal P. Dunn (Republican, FL-2)John H. Rutherford (Republican, FL-5)Brian J. Mast (Republican, FL-21)W. Gregory Steube (Republican, FL-17)Kat Cammack (Republican, FL-3)Scott Franklin (Republican, FL-18)Byron Donalds (Republican, FL-19)Carlos A. Gimenez (Republican, FL-28)Maria Elvira Salazar (Republican, FL-27)Aaron Bean (Republican, FL-4)Cory Mills (Republican, FL-7)Anna Paulina Luna (Republican, FL-13)Laurel M. Lee (Republican, FL-15)Mike Haridopolos (Republican, FL-8)Jimmy Patronis (Republican, FL-1)Randy Fine (Republican, FL-6)Austin Scott (Republican, GA-8)Earl L. "Buddy" Carter (Republican, GA-1)Barry Loudermilk (Republican, GA-11)Rick W. Allen (Republican, GA-12)Andrew S. Clyde (Republican, GA-9)Richard McCormick (Republican, GA-7)Mike Collins (Republican, GA-10)Brian Jack (Republican, GA-3)Clay Fuller (Republican, GA-14)Ashley Hinson (Republican, IA-2)Mariannette Miller-Meeks (Republican, IA-1)Randy Feenstra (Republican, IA-4)Zachary Nunn (Republican, IA-3)Michael K. Simpson (Republican, ID-2)Russ Fulcher (Republican, ID-1)Mike Bost (Republican, IL-12)Darin LaHood (Republican, IL-16)Mary E. Miller (Republican, IL-15)James R. Baird (Republican, IN-4)Victoria Spartz (Republican, IN-5)Rudy Yakym III (Republican, IN-2)Erin Houchin (Republican, IN-9)Marlin A. Stutzman (Republican, IN-3)Jefferson Shreve (Republican, IN-6)Mark B. Messmer (Republican, IN-8)Ron Estes (Republican, KS-4)Tracey Mann (Republican, KS-1)Derek Schmidt (Republican, KS-2)Brett Guthrie (Republican, KY-2)Harold Rogers (Republican, KY-5)Thomas Massie (Republican, KY-4)Andy Barr (Republican, KY-6)James Comer (Republican, KY-1)Steve Scalise (Republican, LA-1)Clay Higgins (Republican, LA-3)Mike Johnson (Republican, LA-4)Julia Letlow (Republican, LA-5)Andy Harris (Republican, MD-1)Bill Huizenga (Republican, MI-4)Tim Walberg (Republican, MI-5)John R. Moolenaar (Republican, MI-2)Jack Bergman (Republican, MI-1)Lisa C. McClain (Republican, MI-9)John James (Republican, MI-10)Tom Barrett (Republican, MI-7)Tom Emmer (Republican, MN-6)Pete Stauber (Republican, MN-8)Michelle Fischbach (Republican, MN-7)Brad Finstad (Republican, MN-1)Sam Graves (Republican, MO-6)Ann Wagner (Republican, MO-2)Jason Smith (Republican, MO-8)Mark Alford (Republican, MO-4)Eric Burlison (Republican, MO-7)Robert F. Onder, Jr. (Republican, MO-3)Trent Kelly (Republican, MS-1)Michael Guest (Republican, MS-3)Mike Ezell (Republican, MS-4)Ryan K. Zinke (Republican, MT-1)Troy Downing (Republican, MT-2)Virginia Foxx (Republican, NC-5)Richard Hudson (Republican, NC-9)David Rouzer (Republican, NC-7)Gregory F. Murphy (Republican, NC-3)Chuck Edwards (Republican, NC-11)Addison P. McDowell (Republican, NC-6)Mark Harris (Republican, NC-8)Pat Harrigan (Republican, NC-10)Brad Knott (Republican, NC-13)Tim Moore (Republican, NC-14)Julie Fedorchak (Republican, ND-AL)Adrian Smith (Republican, NE-3)Don Bacon (Republican, NE-2)Mike Flood (Republican, NE-1)Christopher H. Smith (Republican, NJ-4)Jefferson Van Drew (Republican, NJ-2)Thomas H. Kean, Jr. (Republican, NJ-7)Mark E. Amodei (Republican, NV-2)Elise M. Stefanik (Republican, NY-21)Andrew R. Garbarino (Republican, NY-2)Nicole Malliotakis (Republican, NY-11)Claudia Tenney (Republican, NY-24)Nick LaLota (Republican, NY-1)Michael Lawler (Republican, NY-17)Nicholas A. Langworthy (Republican, NY-23)Jim Jordan (Republican, OH-4)Robert E. Latta (Republican, OH-5)Michael R. Turner (Republican, OH-10)David P. Joyce (Republican, OH-14)Warren Davidson (Republican, OH-8)Troy Balderson (Republican, OH-12)Mike Carey (Republican, OH-15)Max L. Miller (Republican, OH-7)Michael A. Rulli (Republican, OH-6)David J. Taylor (Republican, OH-2)Tom Cole (Republican, OK-4)Frank D. Lucas (Republican, OK-3)Kevin Hern (Republican, OK-1)Stephanie I. Bice (Republican, OK-5)Josh Brecheen (Republican, OK-2)Cliff Bentz (Republican, OR-2)Mike Kelly (Republican, PA-16)Glenn Thompson (Republican, PA-15)Scott Perry (Republican, PA-10)Brian K. Fitzpatrick (Republican, PA-1)Lloyd Smucker (Republican, PA-11)Daniel Meuser (Republican, PA-9)John Joyce (Republican, PA-13)Guy Reschenthaler (Republican, PA-14)Ryan Mackenzie (Republican, PA-7)Robert P. Bresnahan, Jr. (Republican, PA-8)Joe Wilson (Republican, SC-2)Ralph Norman (Republican, SC-5)William R. Timmons IV (Republican, SC-4)Nancy Mace (Republican, SC-1)Russell Fry (Republican, SC-7)Sheri Biggs (Republican, SC-3)Dusty Johnson (Republican, SD-AL)Scott DesJarlais (Republican, TN-4)Charles J. "Chuck" Fleischmann (Republican, TN-3)David Kustoff (Republican, TN-8)Tim Burchett (Republican, TN-2)John W. Rose (Republican, TN-6)Diana Harshbarger (Republican, TN-1)Andrew Ogles (Republican, TN-5)Matt Van Epps (Republican, TN-7)John R. Carter (Republican, TX-31)Michael T. McCaul (Republican, TX-10)Randy K. Weber, Sr. (Republican, TX-14)Roger Williams (Republican, TX-25)Brian Babin (Republican, TX-36)Jodey C. Arrington (Republican, TX-19)Michael Cloud (Republican, TX-27)Dan Crenshaw (Republican, TX-2)Lance Gooden (Republican, TX-5)Chip Roy (Republican, TX-21)Pete Sessions (Republican, TX-17)Pat Fallon (Republican, TX-4)August Pfluger (Republican, TX-11)Ronny Jackson (Republican, TX-13)Troy E. Nehls (Republican, TX-22)Beth Van Duyne (Republican, TX-24)Jake Ellzey (Republican, TX-6)Nathaniel Moran (Republican, TX-1)Keith Self (Republican, TX-3)Morgan Luttrell (Republican, TX-8)Monica De La Cruz (Republican, TX-15)Wesley Hunt (Republican, TX-38)Craig A. Goldman (Republican, TX-12)Brandon Gill (Republican, TX-26)Blake D. Moore (Republican, UT-1)Burgess Owens (Republican, UT-4)Celeste Maloy (Republican, UT-2)Mike Kennedy (Republican, UT-3)H. Morgan Griffith (Republican, VA-9)Robert J. Wittman (Republican, VA-1)Ben Cline (Republican, VA-6)Jennifer A. Kiggans (Republican, VA-2)John J. McGuire III (Republican, VA-5)Dan Newhouse (Republican, WA-4)Michael Baumgartner (Republican, WA-5)Glenn Grothman (Republican, WI-6)Bryan Steil (Republican, WI-1)Thomas P. Tiffany (Republican, WI-7)Scott Fitzgerald (Republican, WI-5)Derrick Van Orden (Republican, WI-3)Tony Wied (Republican, WI-8)Carol D. Miller (Republican, WV-1)Riley M. Moore (Republican, WV-2)Harriet M. Hageman (Republican, WY-AL)
433 new members · 437 departed · 0 served on both dates · women 2 → 125 · median age 54 → 59
47 state delegations changed
Show delegation changes
Alabama 10 D · 0 R
Alabama 2 D · 5 R
Arkansas 7 D · 0 R
Arkansas 0 D · 4 R
Arizona 1 D · 0 R
Arizona 3 D · 6 R
California 2 D · 9 R
California 43 D · 9 R
Colorado 1 D · 3 R
Colorado 4 D · 4 R
Connecticut 0 D · 5 R
Connecticut 5 D · 0 R
Delaware 0 D · 1 R
Delaware 1 D · 0 R
Florida 4 D · 0 R
Florida 7 D · 20 R
Georgia 12 D · 0 R
Georgia 5 D · 9 R
Hawaii 1 D · 0 R
Hawaii 2 D · 0 R
Iowa 0 D · 11 R
Iowa 0 D · 4 R
Illinois 5 D · 21 R
Illinois 14 D · 3 R
Indiana 3 D · 10 R
Indiana 2 D · 7 R
Kansas 2 D · 6 R
Kansas 1 D · 3 R
Kentucky 8 D · 4 R
Kentucky 1 D · 5 R
Louisiana 8 D · 0 R
Louisiana 2 D · 4 R
Massachusetts 3 D · 13 R
Massachusetts 9 D · 0 R
Maryland 4 D · 2 R
Maryland 7 D · 1 R
Maine 0 D · 4 R
Maine 2 D · 0 R
Michigan 0 D · 13 R
Michigan 6 D · 7 R
Minnesota 0 D · 7 R · 3 other
Minnesota 4 D · 4 R
Missouri 9 D · 7 R
Missouri 2 D · 6 R
Mississippi 8 D · 0 R
Mississippi 1 D · 3 R
Montana 1 D · 1 R
Montana 0 D · 2 R
North Carolina 10 D · 0 R
North Carolina 4 D · 10 R
North Dakota 0 D · 3 R
North Dakota 0 D · 1 R
Nebraska 3 D · 3 R
Nebraska 0 D · 3 R
New Hampshire 0 D · 2 R
New Hampshire 2 D · 0 R
New Jersey 2 D · 10 R
New Jersey 9 D · 3 R
New Mexico 1 D · 0 R
New Mexico 3 D · 0 R
Nevada 0 D · 1 R
Nevada 3 D · 1 R
New York 22 D · 20 R · 1 other
New York 19 D · 7 R
Ohio 6 D · 16 R
Ohio 5 D · 10 R
Oklahoma 6 D · 2 R
Oklahoma 0 D · 5 R
Oregon 0 D · 3 R
Oregon 5 D · 1 R
Pennsylvania 0 D · 36 R
Pennsylvania 7 D · 10 R
Rhode Island 1 D · 2 R
Rhode Island 2 D · 0 R
South Carolina 7 D · 0 R
South Carolina 1 D · 6 R
South Dakota 0 D · 3 R
South Dakota 0 D · 1 R
Tennessee 8 D · 2 R
Tennessee 1 D · 8 R
Texas 17 D · 1 R
Texas 13 D · 24 R
Utah 0 D · 2 R
Utah 0 D · 4 R
Virginia 10 D · 0 R
Virginia 6 D · 5 R
Vermont 0 D · 2 R
Vermont 1 D · 0 R
Washington 1 D · 4 R
Washington 8 D · 2 R
Wisconsin 0 D · 10 R · 1 other
Wisconsin 2 D · 6 R
West Virginia 1 D · 5 R
West Virginia 0 D · 2 R
Who joined and who left (433 in · 437 out)
Nicholas J. Begich III R
Alaska-AL
Robert B. Aderholt R
Alabama-4
Mike Rogers R
Alabama-3
Terri A. Sewell D
Alabama-7
Gary J. Palmer R
Alabama-6
Barry Moore R
Alabama-1
Dale W. Strong R
Alabama-5
Shomari Figures D
Alabama-2
Eric A. "Rick" Crawford R
Arkansas-1
Steve Womack R
Arkansas-3
J. French Hill R
Arkansas-2
Bruce Westerman R
Arkansas-4
Paul A. Gosar R
Arizona-9
David Schweikert R
Arizona-1
Andy Biggs R
Arizona-5
Greg Stanton D
Arizona-4
Elijah Crane R
Arizona-2
Juan Ciscomani R
Arizona-6
Yassamin Ansari D
Arizona-3
Abraham J. Hamadeh R
Arizona-8
Adelita S. Grijalva D
Arizona-7
Ken Calvert R
California-41
Judy Chu D
California-28
Jim Costa D
California-21
John Garamendi D
California-8
Zoe Lofgren D
California-18
Doris O. Matsui D
California-7
Tom McClintock R
California-5
Nancy Pelosi D
California-11
Brad Sherman D
California-32
Linda T. Sánchez D
California-38
Mike Thompson D
California-4
Maxine Waters D
California-43
Jared Huffman D
California-2
Ami Bera D
California-6
Julia Brownley D
California-26
Raul Ruiz D
California-25
Mark Takano D
California-39
Juan Vargas D
California-52
Scott H. Peters D
California-50
Mark DeSaulnier D
California-10
Pete Aguilar D
California-33
Ted Lieu D
California-36
Norma J. Torres D
California-35
Ro Khanna D
California-17
Jimmy Panetta D
California-19
Salud O. Carbajal D
California-24
Nanette Diaz Barragán D
California-44
J. Luis Correa D
California-46
Jimmy Gomez D
California-34
Josh Harder D
California-9
Mike Levin D
California-49
Darrell Issa R
California-48
David G. Valadao R
California-22
Jay Obernolte R
California-23
Young Kim R
California-40
Sara Jacobs D
California-51
Kevin Mullin D
California-15
Sydney Kamlager-Dove D
California-37
Robert Garcia D
California-42
Vince Fong R
California-20
Gilbert Ray Cisneros, Jr. D
California-31
Lateefah Simon D
California-12
Adam Gray D
California-13
Sam T. Liccardo D
California-16
George Whitesides D
California-27
Luz M. Rivas D
California-29
Laura Friedman D
California-30
Derek Tran D
California-45
Dave Min D
California-47
Kevin Kiley I
California-3
James Gallagher R
California-1
Aisha Wahab D
California-14
Diana DeGette D
Colorado-1
Joe Neguse D
Colorado-2
Jason Crow D
Colorado-6
Lauren Boebert R
Colorado-4
Brittany Pettersen D
Colorado-7
Jeff Hurd R
Colorado-3
Jeff Crank R
Colorado-5
Gabe Evans R
Colorado-8
Joe Courtney D
Connecticut-2
Rosa L. DeLauro D
Connecticut-3
James A. Himes D
Connecticut-4
John B. Larson D
Connecticut-1
Jahana Hayes D
Connecticut-5
Sarah McBride D
Delaware-AL
Gus M. Bilirakis R
Florida-12
Vern Buchanan R
Florida-16
Kathy Castor D
Florida-14
Mario Diaz-Balart R
Florida-26
Debbie Wasserman Schultz D
Florida-25
Daniel Webster R
Florida-11
Frederica S. Wilson D
Florida-24
Lois Frankel D
Florida-22
Neal P. Dunn R
Florida-2
John H. Rutherford R
Florida-5
Darren Soto D
Florida-9
Brian J. Mast R
Florida-21
W. Gregory Steube R
Florida-17
Kat Cammack R
Florida-3
Scott Franklin R
Florida-18
Byron Donalds R
Florida-19
Carlos A. Gimenez R
Florida-28
Maria Elvira Salazar R
Florida-27
Aaron Bean R
Florida-4
Cory Mills R
Florida-7
Maxwell Frost D
Florida-10
Anna Paulina Luna R
Florida-13
Laurel M. Lee R
Florida-15
Jared Moskowitz D
Florida-23
Mike Haridopolos R
Florida-8
Jimmy Patronis R
Florida-1
Randy Fine R
Florida-6
Sanford D. Bishop, Jr. D
Georgia-2
Henry C. "Hank" Johnson, Jr. D
Georgia-4
Austin Scott R
Georgia-8
Earl L. "Buddy" Carter R
Georgia-1
Barry Loudermilk R
Georgia-11
Rick W. Allen R
Georgia-12
Lucy McBath D
Georgia-6
Nikema Williams D
Georgia-5
Andrew S. Clyde R
Georgia-9
Richard McCormick R
Georgia-7
Mike Collins R
Georgia-10
Brian Jack R
Georgia-3
Clay Fuller R
Georgia-14
Everton Blair Jr. D
Georgia-13
Ed Case D
Hawaii-1
Jill N. Tokuda D
Hawaii-2
Ashley Hinson R
Iowa-2
Mariannette Miller-Meeks R
Iowa-1
Randy Feenstra R
Iowa-4
Zachary Nunn R
Iowa-3
Michael K. Simpson R
Idaho-2
Russ Fulcher R
Idaho-1
Danny K. Davis D
Illinois-7
Mike Quigley D
Illinois-5
Janice D. Schakowsky D
Illinois-9
Bill Foster D
Illinois-11
Robin L. Kelly D
Illinois-2
Mike Bost R
Illinois-12
Darin LaHood R
Illinois-16
Bradley Scott Schneider D
Illinois-10
Raja Krishnamoorthi D
Illinois-8
Jesús G. "Chuy" García D
Illinois-4
Sean Casten D
Illinois-6
Lauren Underwood D
Illinois-14
Mary E. Miller R
Illinois-15
Jonathan L. Jackson D
Illinois-1
Delia C. Ramirez D
Illinois-3
Nikki Budzinski D
Illinois-13
Eric Sorensen D
Illinois-17
André Carson D
Indiana-7
James R. Baird R
Indiana-4
Frank J. Mrvan D
Indiana-1
Victoria Spartz R
Indiana-5
Rudy Yakym III R
Indiana-2
Erin Houchin R
Indiana-9
Marlin A. Stutzman R
Indiana-3
Jefferson Shreve R
Indiana-6
Mark B. Messmer R
Indiana-8
Ron Estes R
Kansas-4
Sharice Davids D
Kansas-3
Tracey Mann R
Kansas-1
Derek Schmidt R
Kansas-2
Brett Guthrie R
Kentucky-2
Harold Rogers R
Kentucky-5
Thomas Massie R
Kentucky-4
Andy Barr R
Kentucky-6
James Comer R
Kentucky-1
Morgan McGarvey D
Kentucky-3
Steve Scalise R
Louisiana-1
Clay Higgins R
Louisiana-3
Mike Johnson R
Louisiana-4
Julia Letlow R
Louisiana-5
Troy A. Carter D
Louisiana-2
Cleo Fields D
Louisiana-6
William R. Keating D
Massachusetts-9
Stephen F. Lynch D
Massachusetts-8
James P. McGovern D
Massachusetts-2
Richard E. Neal D
Massachusetts-1
Katherine M. Clark D
Massachusetts-5
Seth Moulton D
Massachusetts-6
Lori Trahan D
Massachusetts-3
Ayanna Pressley D
Massachusetts-7
Jake Auchincloss D
Massachusetts-4
Andy Harris R
Maryland-1
Steny H. Hoyer D
Maryland-5
Jamie Raskin D
Maryland-8
Kweisi Mfume D
Maryland-7
Glenn Ivey D
Maryland-4
Johnny Olszewski, Jr. D
Maryland-2
Sarah Elfreth D
Maryland-3
April McClain Delaney D
Maryland-6
Chellie Pingree D
Maine-1
Jared F. Golden D
Maine-2
Bill Huizenga R
Michigan-4
Tim Walberg R
Michigan-5
John R. Moolenaar R
Michigan-2
Debbie Dingell D
Michigan-6
Jack Bergman R
Michigan-1
Haley M. Stevens D
Michigan-11
Rashida Tlaib D
Michigan-12
Lisa C. McClain R
Michigan-9
Hillary J. Scholten D
Michigan-3
John James R
Michigan-10
Shri Thanedar D
Michigan-13
Tom Barrett R
Michigan-7
Kristen McDonald Rivet D
Michigan-8
Betty McCollum D
Minnesota-4
Tom Emmer R
Minnesota-6
Angie Craig D
Minnesota-2
Ilhan Omar D
Minnesota-5
Pete Stauber R
Minnesota-8
Michelle Fischbach R
Minnesota-7
Brad Finstad R
Minnesota-1
Kelly Morrison D
Minnesota-3
Emanuel Cleaver D
Missouri-5
Sam Graves R
Missouri-6
Ann Wagner R
Missouri-2
Jason Smith R
Missouri-8
Mark Alford R
Missouri-4
Eric Burlison R
Missouri-7
Wesley Bell D
Missouri-1
Robert F. Onder, Jr. R
Missouri-3
Bennie G. Thompson D
Mississippi-2
Trent Kelly R
Mississippi-1
Michael Guest R
Mississippi-3
Mike Ezell R
Mississippi-4
Ryan K. Zinke R
Montana-1
Troy Downing R
Montana-2
Virginia Foxx R
North Carolina-5
Richard Hudson R
North Carolina-9
Alma S. Adams D
North Carolina-12
David Rouzer R
North Carolina-7
Gregory F. Murphy R
North Carolina-3
Deborah K. Ross D
North Carolina-2
Donald G. Davis D
North Carolina-1
Valerie P. Foushee D
North Carolina-4
Chuck Edwards R
North Carolina-11
Addison P. McDowell R
North Carolina-6
Mark Harris R
North Carolina-8
Pat Harrigan R
North Carolina-10
Brad Knott R
North Carolina-13
Tim Moore R
North Carolina-14
Julie Fedorchak R
North Dakota-AL
Adrian Smith R
Nebraska-3
Don Bacon R
Nebraska-2
Mike Flood R
Nebraska-1
Chris Pappas D
New Hampshire-1
Maggie Goodlander D
New Hampshire-2
Frank Pallone, Jr. D
New Jersey-6
Christopher H. Smith R
New Jersey-4
Donald Norcross D
New Jersey-1
Bonnie Watson Coleman D
New Jersey-12
Josh Gottheimer D
New Jersey-5
Jefferson Van Drew R
New Jersey-2
Thomas H. Kean, Jr. R
New Jersey-7
Robert Menendez D
New Jersey-8
LaMonica McIver D
New Jersey-10
Herbert C. Conaway, Jr. D
New Jersey-3
Nellie Pou D
New Jersey-9
Analilia Mejia D
New Jersey-11
Teresa Leger Fernandez D
New Mexico-3
Melanie A. Stansbury D
New Mexico-1
Gabe Vasquez D
New Mexico-2
Mark E. Amodei R
Nevada-2
Dina Titus D
Nevada-1
Steven Horsford D
Nevada-4
Susie Lee D
Nevada-3
Yvette D. Clarke D
New York-9
Gregory W. Meeks D
New York-5
Jerrold Nadler D
New York-12
Paul Tonko D
New York-20
Nydia M. Velázquez D
New York-7
Grace Meng D
New York-6
Hakeem S. Jeffries D
New York-8
Elise M. Stefanik R
New York-21
Adriano Espaillat D
New York-13
Joseph D. Morelle D
New York-25
Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez D
New York-14
Andrew R. Garbarino R
New York-2
Nicole Malliotakis R
New York-11
Ritchie Torres D
New York-15
Claudia Tenney R
New York-24
Patrick Ryan D
New York-18
Nick LaLota R
New York-1
Daniel S. Goldman D
New York-10
Michael Lawler R
New York-17
Nicholas A. Langworthy R
New York-23
Thomas R. Suozzi D
New York-3
Timothy M. Kennedy D
New York-26
Laura Gillen D
New York-4
George Latimer D
New York-16
Josh Riley D
New York-19
John W. Mannion D
New York-22
Jim Jordan R
Ohio-4
Marcy Kaptur D
Ohio-9
Robert E. Latta R
Ohio-5
Michael R. Turner R
Ohio-10
Joyce Beatty D
Ohio-3
David P. Joyce R
Ohio-14
Warren Davidson R
Ohio-8
Troy Balderson R
Ohio-12
Shontel M. Brown D
Ohio-11
Mike Carey R
Ohio-15
Greg Landsman D
Ohio-1
Max L. Miller R
Ohio-7
Emilia Strong Sykes D
Ohio-13
Michael A. Rulli R
Ohio-6
David J. Taylor R
Ohio-2
Tom Cole R
Oklahoma-4
Frank D. Lucas R
Oklahoma-3
Kevin Hern R
Oklahoma-1
Stephanie I. Bice R
Oklahoma-5
Josh Brecheen R
Oklahoma-2
Suzanne Bonamici D
Oregon-1
Cliff Bentz R
Oregon-2
Val T. Hoyle D
Oregon-4
Andrea Salinas D
Oregon-6
Maxine Dexter D
Oregon-3
Janelle S. Bynum D
Oregon-5
Mike Kelly R
Pennsylvania-16
Glenn Thompson R
Pennsylvania-15
Scott Perry R
Pennsylvania-10
Brendan F. Boyle D
Pennsylvania-2
Dwight Evans D
Pennsylvania-3
Brian K. Fitzpatrick R
Pennsylvania-1
Lloyd Smucker R
Pennsylvania-11
Mary Gay Scanlon D
Pennsylvania-5
Madeleine Dean D
Pennsylvania-4
Chrissy Houlahan D
Pennsylvania-6
Daniel Meuser R
Pennsylvania-9
John Joyce R
Pennsylvania-13
Guy Reschenthaler R
Pennsylvania-14
Summer L. Lee D
Pennsylvania-12
Christopher R. Deluzio D
Pennsylvania-17
Ryan Mackenzie R
Pennsylvania-7
Robert P. Bresnahan, Jr. R
Pennsylvania-8
Seth Magaziner D
Rhode Island-2
Gabe Amo D
Rhode Island-1
James E. Clyburn D
South Carolina-6
Joe Wilson R
South Carolina-2
Ralph Norman R
South Carolina-5
William R. Timmons IV R
South Carolina-4
Nancy Mace R
South Carolina-1
Russell Fry R
South Carolina-7
Sheri Biggs R
South Carolina-3
Dusty Johnson R
South Dakota-AL
Steve Cohen D
Tennessee-9
Scott DesJarlais R
Tennessee-4
Charles J. "Chuck" Fleischmann R
Tennessee-3
David Kustoff R
Tennessee-8
Tim Burchett R
Tennessee-2
John W. Rose R
Tennessee-6
Diana Harshbarger R
Tennessee-1
Andrew Ogles R
Tennessee-5
Matt Van Epps R
Tennessee-7
John R. Carter R
Texas-31
Henry Cuellar D
Texas-28
Lloyd Doggett D
Texas-37
Al Green D
Texas-9
Michael T. McCaul R
Texas-10
Randy K. Weber, Sr. R
Texas-14
Joaquin Castro D
Texas-20
Roger Williams R
Texas-25
Marc A. Veasey D
Texas-33
Brian Babin R
Texas-36
Vicente Gonzalez D
Texas-34
Jodey C. Arrington R
Texas-19
Michael Cloud R
Texas-27
Dan Crenshaw R
Texas-2
Lance Gooden R
Texas-5
Lizzie Fletcher D
Texas-7
Veronica Escobar D
Texas-16
Chip Roy R
Texas-21
Sylvia R. Garcia D
Texas-29
Pete Sessions R
Texas-17
Pat Fallon R
Texas-4
August Pfluger R
Texas-11
Ronny Jackson R
Texas-13
Troy E. Nehls R
Texas-22
Beth Van Duyne R
Texas-24
Jake Ellzey R
Texas-6
Nathaniel Moran R
Texas-1
Keith Self R
Texas-3
Morgan Luttrell R
Texas-8
Monica De La Cruz R
Texas-15
Jasmine Crockett D
Texas-30
Greg Casar D
Texas-35
Wesley Hunt R
Texas-38
Craig A. Goldman R
Texas-12
Brandon Gill R
Texas-26
Julie Johnson D
Texas-32
Christian D. Menefee D
Texas-18
Blake D. Moore R
Utah-1
Burgess Owens R
Utah-4
Celeste Maloy R
Utah-2
Mike Kennedy R
Utah-3
H. Morgan Griffith R
Virginia-9
Robert C. "Bobby" Scott D
Virginia-3
Robert J. Wittman R
Virginia-1
Donald S. Beyer, Jr. D
Virginia-8
Ben Cline R
Virginia-6
Jennifer A. Kiggans R
Virginia-2
Jennifer L. McClellan D
Virginia-4
John J. McGuire III R
Virginia-5
Eugene Simon Vindman D
Virginia-7
Suhas Subramanyam D
Virginia-10
James R. Walkinshaw D
Virginia-11
Becca Balint D
Vermont-AL
Rick Larsen D
Washington-2
Adam Smith D
Washington-9
Suzan K. DelBene D
Washington-1
Dan Newhouse R
Washington-4
Pramila Jayapal D
Washington-7
Kim Schrier D
Washington-8
Marilyn Strickland D
Washington-10
Marie Gluesenkamp Perez D
Washington-3
Michael Baumgartner R
Washington-5
Emily Randall D
Washington-6
Gwen Moore D
Wisconsin-4
Mark Pocan D
Wisconsin-2
Glenn Grothman R
Wisconsin-6
Bryan Steil R
Wisconsin-1
Thomas P. Tiffany R
Wisconsin-7
Scott Fitzgerald R
Wisconsin-5
Derrick Van Orden R
Wisconsin-3
Tony Wied R
Wisconsin-8
Carol D. Miller R
West Virginia-1
Riley M. Moore R
West Virginia-2
Harriet M. Hageman R
Wyoming-AL
Daniel Alexander Sutherland R
Alaska-AL
William Bismarck Bowling D
Alabama-5
Miles Clayton Allgood D
Alabama-7
Edward Berton Almon D
Alabama-8
Lamar Jeffers D
Alabama-4
George Huddleston D
Alabama-9
John McDuffie D
Alabama-1
William Bacon Oliver D
Alabama-6
William Brockman Bankhead D
Alabama-10
Henry Bascom Steagall D
Alabama-3
Joseph Lister Hill D
Alabama-2
William Allan Oldfield D
Arkansas-2
James Byron Reed D
Arkansas-6
John Newton Tillman D
Arkansas-3
Otis Theodore Wingo D
Arkansas-4
Heartsill Ragon D
Arkansas-5
Tilman Bacon Parks D
Arkansas-7
William Joshua Driver D
Arkansas-1
Carl Trumbull Hayden D
Arizona-AL
Lawrence James Flaherty R
California-5
John Donnan Fredericks R
California-10
Walter Franklin Lineberger R
California-9
John Edward Raker D
California-2
Charles Forrest Curry R
California-3
Henry Ellsworth Barbour R
California-7
Arthur Monroe Free R
California-8
Philip David Swing R
California-11
Florence Prag Kahn R
California-4
Albert Edward Carter R
California-6
Clarence Frederick Lea D
California-1
William Newell Vaile R
Colorado-1
Guy Urban Hardy R
Colorado-3
Charles Bateman Timberlake R
Colorado-2
Edward Thomas Taylor D
Colorado-4
Edward Hart Fenn R
Connecticut-1
James Peter Glynn R
Connecticut-5
Richard Patrick Freeman R
Connecticut-2
John Quillin Tilson R
Connecticut-3
Schuyler Merritt R
Connecticut-4
Robert Griffith Houston R
Delaware-AL
John Harris Smithwick D
Florida-3
Herbert Jackson Drane D
Florida-1
William Joseph Sears D
Florida-4
Robert Alexis Green D
Florida-2
Gordon Lee D
Georgia-7
William David Upshaw D
Georgia-5
Thomas Montgomery Bell D
Georgia-9
Charles Robert Crisp D
Georgia-3
Charles Gordon Edwards D
Georgia-1
William Chester Lankford D
Georgia-11
William Washington Larsen D
Georgia-12
Samuel Rutherford D
Georgia-6
William Carter Wright D
Georgia-4
Charles Hillyer Brand D
Georgia-8
Edward Eugene Cox D
Georgia-2
Carl Vinson D
Georgia-10
William Paul Jarrett D
Hawaii-AL
William Dayton Boies R
Iowa-11
William Raymond Green R
Iowa-9
Fred Dickinson Letts R
Iowa-2
Cyrenus Cole R
Iowa-5
Lester Jesse Dickinson R
Iowa-10
Gilbert Nelson Haugen R
Iowa-4
William Frederick Kopp R
Iowa-1
Christian William Ramseyer R
Iowa-6
Thomas John Bright Robinson R
Iowa-3
Lloyd Thurston R
Iowa-8
Cassius Clay Dowell R
Iowa-7
Burton Lee French R
Idaho-1
Addison Taylor Smith R
Idaho-2
Charles Eugene Fuller R
Illinois-12
Frank Hamilton Funk R
Illinois-17
John Jerome Gorman R
Illinois-6
Loren Edgar Wheeler R
Illinois-21
Edward John King R
Illinois-15
Martin Barnaby Madden R
Illinois-1
Henry Riggs Rathbone R
Illinois-AL
Edward Everett Denison R
Illinois-25
Thomas Aloysius Doyle D
Illinois-4
Edward Michael Irwin R
Illinois-22
Magne Alfred Michaelson R
Illinois-7
Elliott Wilford Sproul R
Illinois-3
Thomas Sutler Williams R
Illinois-24
Charles Adkins R
Illinois-19
John Clayton Allen R
Illinois-14
Carl Richard Chindblom R
Illinois-10
William Perry Holaday R
Illinois-18
Morton Denison Hull R
Illinois-2
William Edgar Hull R
Illinois-16
William Richard Johnson R
Illinois-13
Stanley Henry Kunz D
Illinois-8
Frederick Albert Britten R
Illinois-9
Henry Thomas Rainey D
Illinois-20
Frank R. Reid R
Illinois-11
William Wright Arnold D
Illinois-23
Adolph Joachim Sabath D
Illinois-5
Frank Gardner D
Indiana-3
Ralph Eugene Updike R
Indiana-7
Richard Nash Elliott R
Indiana-6
Albert Richardson Hall R
Indiana-11
Andrew James Hickey R
Indiana-13
Harry Emerson Rowbottom R
Indiana-1
Harry Clifford Canfield D
Indiana-4
David Hogg R
Indiana-12
Fred Sampson Purnell R
Indiana-9
Albert Henry Vestal R
Indiana-8
William Robert Wood R
Indiana-10
Arthur Herbert Greenwood D
Indiana-2
Noble Jacob Johnson R
Indiana-5
Chauncey Bundy Little D
Kansas-2
Jasper Napoleon Tincher R
Kansas-7
Daniel Read Anthony Jr. R
Kansas-1
Hays Baxter White R
Kansas-6
William Henry Sproul R
Kansas-3
Homer Hoch R
Kansas-4
James George Strong R
Kansas-5
William Augustus Ayres D
Kansas-8
Ben Johnson D
Kentucky-4
Andrew Jackson Kirk R
Kentucky-10
John Wesley Langley R
Kentucky-AL
Arthur Blythe Rouse D
Kentucky-6
Robert Young Thomas Jr. D
Kentucky-3
David Hayes Kincheloe D
Kentucky-2
Ralph Waldo Emerson Gilbert D
Kentucky-8
Maurice Hudson Thatcher R
Kentucky-5
Frederick Moore Vinson D
Kentucky-9
John Marshall Robsion R
Kentucky-11
Virgil Munday Chapman D
Kentucky-7
Alben William Barkley D
Kentucky-1
Ladislas Lazaro D
Louisiana-7
Whitmell Pugh Martin D
Louisiana-3
James O’Connor D
Louisiana-1
James Zacharie Spearing D
Louisiana-2
James Benjamin Aswell D
Louisiana-8
Bolivar Edwards Kemp D
Louisiana-6
John Nicholas Sandlin D
Louisiana-4
Riley Joseph Wilson D
Louisiana-5
George Bosworth Churchill R
Massachusetts-2
John Jacob Rogers R
Massachusetts-5
Harry Irving Thayer R
Massachusetts-8
Louis Adams Frothingham R
Massachusetts-14
James Ambrose Gallivan D
Massachusetts-12
George Russell Stobbs R
Massachusetts-4
Charles Lee Underhill R
Massachusetts-9
John Joseph Douglass D
Massachusetts-10
Frank Herbert Foss R
Massachusetts-3
Abram Piatt Andrew Jr. R
Massachusetts-6
William Patrick Connery Jr. D
Massachusetts-7
Robert Luce R
Massachusetts-13
George Holden Tinkham R
Massachusetts-11
Allen Towner Treadway R
Massachusetts-1
Charles Laceille Gifford R
Massachusetts-16
Joseph William Martin Jr. R
Massachusetts-15
John Boynton Philip Clayton Hill R
Maryland-3
Frederick Nicholas Zihlman R
Maryland-6
John Charles Linthicum D
Maryland-4
Stephen Warfield Gambrill D
Maryland-5
Thomas Alan Goldsborough D
Maryland-1
Millard Evelyn Tydings D
Maryland-2
Ira Greenlief Hersey R
Maine-4
John Edward Nelson R
Maine-3
Carroll Lynwood Beedy R
Maine-1
Wallace Humphrey White Jr. R
Maine-2
Frank Douglas Scott R
Michigan-11
John Bartholomew Sosnowski R
Michigan-1
Arthur Bruce Williams R
Michigan-3
Louis Convers Cramton R
Michigan-7
Grant Martin Hudson R
Michigan-6
John Clark Ketcham R
Michigan-4
James Campbell McLaughlin R
Michigan-9
Bird J. Vincent R
Michigan-8
William Francis James R
Michigan-12
Carl Edgar Mapes R
Michigan-5
Clarence John McLeod R
Michigan-13
Earl Cory Michener R
Michigan-2
Roy Orchard Woodruff R
Michigan-10
Oscar Edward Keller R
Minnesota-4
Knud Wefald FL
Minnesota-9
William Leighton Carss FL
Minnesota-8
Allen John Furlow R
Minnesota-1
Ole Juulson Kvale FL
Minnesota-7
Walter Hughes Newton R
Minnesota-5
Frank Clague R
Minnesota-2
Godfrey Gummer Goodwin R
Minnesota-10
Harold Knutson R
Minnesota-6
August Herman Andresen R
Minnesota-3
Harry Bartow Hawes D
Missouri-11
Ralph Emerson Bailey R
Missouri-14
Cleveland Alexander Newton R
Missouri-10
Charles Lee Faust R
Missouri-4
Thomas Lewis Rubey D
Missouri-16
Edgar Clarence Ellis R
Missouri-5
Charles Edward Kiefner R
Missouri-13
Leonidas Carstarphen Dyer R
Missouri-12
Samuel Collier Major D
Missouri-7
Joe Jonathan Manlove R
Missouri-15
Clement Cabell Dickinson D
Missouri-6
Ralph Fulton Lozier D
Missouri-2
Jacob Le Roy Milligan D
Missouri-3
William Lester Nelson D
Missouri-8
Milton Andrew Romjue D
Missouri-1
Clarence Andrew Cannon D
Missouri-9
Bill Green Lowrey D
Mississippi-2
Thomas Webber Wilson D
Mississippi-6
James William Collier D
Mississippi-8
Percy Edwards Quin D
Mississippi-7
Thomas Jefferson Busby D
Mississippi-4
Ross Alexander Collins D
Mississippi-5
William Madison Whittington D
Mississippi-3
John Elliott Rankin D
Mississippi-1
John Morgan Evans D
Montana-1
Scott Leavitt R
Montana-2
Homer Le Grand Lyon D
North Carolina-6
William Cicero Hammer D
North Carolina-7
Charles Manly Stedman D
North Carolina-5
Charles Laban Abernethy D
North Carolina-3
Edward William Pou D
North Carolina-4
Lindsay Carter Warren D
North Carolina-1
Zebulon Weaver D
North Carolina-10
Alfred Lee Bulwinkle D
North Carolina-9
Robert Lee Doughton D
North Carolina-8
John Hosea Kerr D
North Carolina-2
Olger Burton Burtness R
North Dakota-1
Thomas Hall R
North Dakota-2
James Herbert Sinclair R
North Dakota-3
Melvin Orlando McLaughlin R
Nebraska-4
Willis Gratz Sears R
Nebraska-2
Robert Glenmore Simmons R
Nebraska-6
Edgar Howard D
Nebraska-3
John Henry Morehead D
Nebraska-1
Ashton Cokayne Shallenberger D
Nebraska-5
Fletcher Hale R
New Hampshire-1
Edward Hills Wason R
New Hampshire-2
Stewart Hoffman Appleby R
New Jersey-3
Francis Ford Patterson Jr. R
New Jersey-1
Herbert Worthington Taylor R
New Jersey-8
Franklin William Fort R
New Jersey-9
Ernest Robinson Ackerman R
New Jersey-5
Oscar Louis Auf Der Heide D
New Jersey-11
Isaac Bacharach R
New Jersey-2
Frederick Reimold Lehlbach R
New Jersey-10
Randolph Perkins R
New Jersey-6
George Nicholas Seger R
New Jersey-7
Mary Teresa Norton D
New Jersey-12
Charles Aubrey Eaton R
New Jersey-4
John Morrow D
New Mexico-1
Samuel Shaw Arentz R
Nevada-AL
William Edward Cleary D
New York-8
Benjamin Lewis Fairchild R
New York-24
Ogden Livingston Mills R
New York-17
Nathan David Perlman R
New York-14
Harold Sumner Tolley R
New York-34
Meyer Jacobstein D
New York-38
John Joseph Kindred D
New York-2
Clarence MacGregor R
New York-41
Walter Warren Magee R
New York-35
Thaddeus C. Sweet R
New York-32
John Francis Carew D
New York-18
Stephen Wallace Dempsey R
New York-40
David Joseph O’Connell D
New York-9
John Francis Quayle D
New York-7
Jonathan Mayhew Wainwright R
New York-25
Royal Hurlburt Weller D
New York-21
Frederick Morgan Davenport R
New York-33
Fiorello Henry La Guardia AL
New York-20
Harcourt Joseph Pratt R
New York-27
Archie Dovell Sanders R
New York-39
Loring Milton Black Jr. D
New York-5
George Washington Lindsay D
New York-3
Frank Oliver D
New York-23
James Southworth Parker R
New York-29
Anning Smith Prall D
New York-11
Gale Hamilton Stalker R
New York-37
Parker Corning D
New York-28
Anthony Jerome Griffin D
New York-22
Robert Low Bacon R
New York-1
John Joseph Boylan D
New York-15
John Joseph O’Connor D
New York-16
Bertrand Hollis Snell R
New York-31
Christopher Daniel Sullivan D
New York-13
Frank Crowther R
New York-30
James Michael Mead D
New York-42
Thomas Henry Cullen D
New York-4
Hamilton Fish R
New York-26
Samuel Dickstein D
New York-12
Sol Bloom D
New York-19
Andrew Lawrence Somers D
New York-6
Daniel Alden Reed R
New York-43
John Taber R
New York-36
Emanuel Celler D
New York-10
James Thomas Begg R
Ohio-13
Martin Luther Davey D
Ohio-14
William Thomas Fitzgerald R
Ohio-4
Ambrose Everett Burnside Stephens R
Ohio-2
Theodore Elijah Burton R
Ohio-22
William Wallace Chalmers R
Ohio-9
Roy Gerald Fitzgerald R
Ohio-3
Charles Cyrus Kearns R
Ohio-6
William Mitchell Morgan R
Ohio-17
John Charles Speaks R
Ohio-12
Charles James Thompson R
Ohio-5
Charles Brand R
Ohio-7
Nicholas Longworth R
Ohio-1
Charles Anthony Mooney D
Ohio-20
Charles Ellis Moore R
Ohio-15
Benjamin Franklin Murphy R
Ohio-18
John Gordon Cooper R
Ohio-19
Mell Gilbert Underwood D
Ohio-11
Thomas Brooks Fletcher D
Ohio-8
John McSweeney D
Ohio-16
Robert Crosser D
Ohio-21
Thomas Albert Jenkins R
Ohio-10
Charles David Carter D
Oklahoma-3
Samuel James Montgomery R
Oklahoma-1
Milton Cline Garber R
Oklahoma-8
William Wirt Hastings D
Oklahoma-2
James Vernon McClintic D
Oklahoma-7
Thomas Deitz McKeown D
Oklahoma-4
Fletcher B. Swank D
Oklahoma-5
John William Elmer Thomas D
Oklahoma-6
Maurice Edgar Crumpacker R
Oregon-3
Nicholas John Sinnott R
Oregon-2
Willis Chatman Hawley R
Oregon-1
Harris Jacob Bixler R
Pennsylvania-28
Edmund Nelson Carpenter R
Pennsylvania-12
James McDevitt Magee R
Pennsylvania-35
Thomas Wharton Phillips Jr. R
Pennsylvania-26
Joshua William Swartz R
Pennsylvania-19
William Irvin Swoope R
Pennsylvania-23
Anderson Howell Walters R
Pennsylvania-20
Thomas Stalker Butler R
Pennsylvania-8
John Mary Morin R
Pennsylvania-34
William Scott Vare R
Pennsylvania-1
Charles Joseph Esterly R
Pennsylvania-14
William Walton Griest R
Pennsylvania-10
Edgar Raymond Kiess R
Pennsylvania-16
Franklin Menges R
Pennsylvania-22
Stephen Geyer Porter R
Pennsylvania-32
Laurence Hawley Watres R
Pennsylvania-11
Edward McMath Beers R
Pennsylvania-18
Guy Edgar Campbell R
Pennsylvania-36
William Radford Coyle R
Pennsylvania-30
Benjamin Martin Golder R
Pennsylvania-4
George Scott Graham R
Pennsylvania-2
Samuel Austin Kendall R
Pennsylvania-24
Frederick William Magrady R
Pennsylvania-17
Milton William Shreve R
Pennsylvania-29
Henry Wilson Temple R
Pennsylvania-25
George Austin Welsh R
Pennsylvania-6
Adam Martin Wyant R
Pennsylvania-31
George Franklin Brumm R
Pennsylvania-13
James Joseph Connolly R
Pennsylvania-5
Melville Clyde Kelly R
Pennsylvania-33
Jacob Banks Kurtz R
Pennsylvania-21
Louis Thomas McFadden R
Pennsylvania-15
Nathan Leroy Strong R
Pennsylvania-27
Henry Winfield Watson R
Pennsylvania-9
Harry Clay Ransley R
Pennsylvania-3
George Potter Darrow R
Pennsylvania-7
Jeremiah Edward O’Connell D
Rhode Island-3
Richard Steere Aldrich R
Rhode Island-2
Clark Burdick R
Rhode Island-1
Frederick Haskell Dominick D
South Carolina-3
William Francis Stevenson D
South Carolina-5
John Jackson McSwain D
South Carolina-4
Allard Henry Gasque D
South Carolina-6
Thomas Sanders McMillan D
South Carolina-1
Hampton Pitts Fulmer D
South Carolina-7
Butler Black Hare D
South Carolina-2
Charles Andrew Christopherson R
South Dakota-1
Royal Cleaves Johnson R
South Dakota-2
William Williamson R
South Dakota-3
Finis James Garrett D
Tennessee-9
Hubert Frederick Fisher D
Tennessee-10
Ewin Lamar Davis D
Tennessee-5
Edward Everett Eslick D
Tennessee-7
Cordell Hull D
Tennessee-4
Gordon Weaver Browning D
Tennessee-8
Joseph Wellington Byrns D
Tennessee-6
Samuel Davis McReynolds D
Tennessee-3
James Willis Taylor R
Tennessee-2
Brazilla Carroll Reece R
Tennessee-1
Eugene Black D
Texas-1
John Calvin Box D
Texas-2
Claude Benton Hudspeth D
Texas-16
Daniel Edward Garrett D
Texas-8
Guinn Williams D
Texas-13
Harry McLeary Wurzbach R
Texas-14
Clay Stone Briggs D
Texas-7
John Nance Garner D
Texas-15
Thomas Lindsay Blanton D
Texas-17
James Paul Buchanan D
Texas-10
Morgan Gurley Sanders D
Texas-3
John Marvin Jones D
Texas-18
Luther Alexander Johnson D
Texas-6
Fritz Garland Lanham D
Texas-12
Hatton William Sumners D
Texas-5
Thomas Terry Connally D
Texas-11
Joseph Jefferson Mansfield D
Texas-9
Samuel Taliaferro Rayburn D
Texas-4
Elmer O. Leatherwood R
Utah-2
Don Byron Colton R
Utah-1
Joseph Thomas Deal D
Virginia-2
Thomas Walter Harrison D
Virginia-7
George Campbell Peery D
Virginia-9
Robert Walton Moore D
Virginia-8
Joseph Whitehead D
Virginia-5
Henry St. George Tucker D
Virginia-10
Andrew Jackson Montague D
Virginia-3
Clifton Alexander Woodrum D
Virginia-6
Patrick Henry Drewry D
Virginia-4
Schuyler Otis Bland D
Virginia-1
Elbert Sidney Brigham R
Vermont-1
Ernest Willard Gibson R
Vermont-2
John Franklin Miller R
Washington-1
Lindley Hoag Hadley R
Washington-2
Albert Johnson R
Washington-3
John William Summers R
Washington-4
Samuel Billingsley Hill D
Washington-5
Edward Voigt R
Wisconsin-2
Joseph David Beck R
Wisconsin-7
Victor Luitpold Berger S
Wisconsin-5
Edward Everts Browne R
Wisconsin-8
Florian Lampert R
Wisconsin-6
Henry Allen Cooper R
Wisconsin-1
John Mandt Nelson R
Wisconsin-3
James Archibald Frear R
Wisconsin-10
Hubert Haskell Peavey R
Wisconsin-11
George John Schneider R
Wisconsin-9
John Charles Schafer R
Wisconsin-4
James Alfred Taylor D
West Virginia-6
Harry Chapman Woodyard R
West Virginia-4
James French Strother R
West Virginia-5
John Marshall Wolverton R
West Virginia-3
Carl George Bachmann R
West Virginia-1
Frank Llewellyn Bowman R
West Virginia-2
Charles Edwin Winter R
Wyoming-AL
legislative/lawsLaws enacted
+13,030Congress.gov ↗
Complete lists of public laws start with the 93rd Congress (Jan 3, 1973). Earlier years show notable and landmark acts only.
13,030 laws recorded · 48 landmark · 2,982 notable
Securities Act of 1933 landmark
Pub. L. 73-22 · May 27, 1933
Glass–Steagall Act of 1933 (Banking Act of 1933) landmark
Pub. L. 73-66 · Jun 16, 1933
Securities Exchange Act of 1934 landmark
Pub. L. 73-291 · Jun 6, 1934
National Labor Relations Act of 1935 (Wagner Act) landmark
Pub. L. 74-198 · Jul 5, 1935
Social Security Act landmark
Pub. L. 74-271 · Aug 14, 1935
Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act landmark
Pub. L. 75-717 · Jun 25, 1938
Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 landmark
Pub. L. 75-718 · Jun 25, 1938
Selective Training and Service Act of 1940 landmark
Pub. L. 76-783 · Sep 16, 1940
Lend-Lease Act landmark
Pub. L. 77-11 · Mar 11, 1941
Servicemen's Readjustment Act of 1944 (G.I. Bill) landmark
Pub. L. 78-346 · Jun 22, 1944
Show 30 more notable laws
Taft–Hartley Act landmark
Pub. L. 80-101 · Jun 23, 1947
National Security Act of 1947 landmark
Pub. L. 80-253 · Jul 26, 1947
Federal Aid Highway Act of 1956 landmark
Pub. L. 84-627 · Jun 29, 1956
Clean Air Act landmark
Pub. L. 88-206 · Dec 17, 1963
Civil Rights Act of 1964 landmark
Pub. L. 88-352 · Jul 2, 1964
Elementary and Secondary Education Act landmark
Pub. L. 89-10 · Apr 11, 1965
Social Security Amendments of 1965 landmark
Pub. L. 89-97 · Jul 30, 1965
Voting Rights Act of 1965 landmark
Pub. L. 89-110 · Aug 6, 1965
Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 landmark
Pub. L. 89-236 · Oct 3, 1965
Higher Education Act of 1965 landmark
Pub. L. 89-329 · Nov 8, 1965
Freedom of Information Act landmark
Pub. L. 89-487 · Jul 4, 1966
Civil Rights Act of 1968 landmark
Pub. L. 90-284 · Apr 11, 1968
National Environmental Policy Act landmark
Pub. L. 91-190 · Jan 1, 1970
Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) landmark
Pub. L. 91-596 · Dec 29, 1970
Clean Water Act landmark
Pub. L. 92-500 · Oct 18, 1972
War Powers Resolution landmark
Pub. L. 93-148 · Nov 7, 1973
Endangered Species Act of 1973 landmark
Pub. L. 93-205 · Dec 28, 1973
Tax Reform Act of 1986 landmark
Pub. L. 99-514 · Oct 22, 1986
Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 (Simpson-Mazzoli Act) landmark
Pub. L. 99-603 · Nov 6, 1986
Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 landmark
Pub. L. 101-336 · Jul 26, 1990
Telecommunications Act of 1996 landmark
Pub. L. 104-104 · Feb 8, 1996
Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996 landmark
Pub. L. 104-193 · Aug 22, 1996
Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism (USA PATRIOT ACT) Act of 2001 landmark
Pub. L. 107-56 · Oct 26, 2001
No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 landmark
Pub. L. 107-110 · Jan 8, 2002
Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 landmark
Pub. L. 107-204 · Jul 30, 2002
Homeland Security Act of 2002 landmark
Pub. L. 107-296 · Nov 25, 2002
Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act of 2003 landmark
Pub. L. 108-173 · Dec 8, 2003
Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008 landmark
Pub. L. 110-343 · Oct 3, 2008
American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 landmark
Pub. L. 111-5 · Feb 17, 2009
Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act landmark
Pub. L. 111-148 · Mar 23, 2010

Judicial

judicial/supreme-courtThe Supreme Court
+9−9Federal Judicial Center ↗
Bench by appointing party: 7 R · 2 D → 6 R · 3 D
Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. R
appointed by Theodore Roosevelt · 1902
Willis Van Devanter R
appointed by William H. Taft · 1910
James Clark McReynolds D
appointed by Woodrow Wilson · 1914
Louis Dembitz Brandeis D
appointed by Woodrow Wilson · 1916
William Howard Taft R
appointed by Warren G. Harding · 1921
George Sutherland R
appointed by Warren G. Harding · 1922
Pierce Butler R
appointed by Warren G. Harding · 1922
Edward Terry Sanford R
appointed by Warren G. Harding · 1923
Harlan Fiske Stone R
appointed by Calvin Coolidge · 1925
Clarence Thomas R
appointed by George H.W. Bush · 1991
John Glover Roberts, Jr. R
appointed by George W. Bush · 2005
Samuel A. Alito, Jr. R
appointed by George W. Bush · 2006
Sonia Sotomayor D
appointed by Barack Obama · 2009
Elena Kagan D
appointed by Barack Obama · 2010
Neil M. Gorsuch R
appointed by Donald J. Trump · 2017
Brett M. Kavanaugh R
appointed by Donald J. Trump · 2018
Amy Coney Barrett R
appointed by Donald J. Trump · 2020
Ketanji Brown Jackson D
appointed by Joseph R. Biden · 2022
judicial/lower-courtsAppeals & district courts
+3,813Federal Judicial Center ↗
Courts of appeals (active judges): 21 R · 14 D → 92 R · 87 D
District courts (active judges): 92 R · 39 D · 1 N( → 373 D · 279 R
Calvin Coolidge R appointed 47 judges
8 appeals · 33 district · 6 other
None (reassignment) N( appointed 83 judges
38 appeals · 33 district · 12 other
Herbert Hoover R appointed 72 judges
3 Supreme Court · 16 appeals · 46 district · 7 other
Franklin D. Roosevelt D appointed 222 judges
9 Supreme Court · 51 appeals · 149 district · 13 other
None (assignment) N( appointed 2 judges
2 district
Harry S Truman D appointed 152 judges
4 Supreme Court · 27 appeals · 112 district · 9 other
Dwight D. Eisenhower R appointed 191 judges
5 Supreme Court · 45 appeals · 131 district · 10 other
John F. Kennedy D appointed 134 judges
2 Supreme Court · 21 appeals · 109 district · 2 other
Lyndon B. Johnson D appointed 187 judges
2 Supreme Court · 40 appeals · 132 district · 13 other
Richard M. Nixon R appointed 239 judges
4 Supreme Court · 46 appeals · 182 district · 7 other
Gerald Ford R appointed 67 judges
1 Supreme Court · 11 appeals · 55 district
Jimmy Carter D appointed 267 judges
56 appeals · 208 district · 3 other
Ronald Reagan R appointed 387 judges
4 Supreme Court · 83 appeals · 294 district · 6 other
George H.W. Bush R appointed 194 judges
2 Supreme Court · 42 appeals · 149 district · 1 other
William J. Clinton D appointed 383 judges
2 Supreme Court · 66 appeals · 310 district · 5 other
George W. Bush R appointed 328 judges
2 Supreme Court · 61 appeals · 263 district · 2 other
Barack Obama D appointed 330 judges
2 Supreme Court · 55 appeals · 269 district · 4 other
Donald J. Trump R appointed 293 judges
3 Supreme Court · 64 appeals · 222 district · 4 other
Joseph R. Biden D appointed 235 judges
1 Supreme Court · 45 appeals · 187 district · 2 other
6 circuits flipped majority
Third Circuit 2 D · 1 R (D majority)
Third Circuit 6 D · 8 R (R majority)
Fourth Circuit 0 D · 3 R (R majority)
Fourth Circuit 9 D · 6 R (D majority)
Fifth Circuit 2 D · 1 R (D majority)
Fifth Circuit 5 D · 12 R (R majority)
Seventh Circuit 3 D · 2 R (D majority)
Seventh Circuit 5 D · 6 R (R majority)
Ninth Circuit 0 D · 3 R (R majority)
Ninth Circuit 16 D · 13 R (D majority)
District of Columbia Circuit 0 D · 3 R (R majority)
District of Columbia Circuit 7 D · 4 R (D majority)
D and R describe the party of the appointing president, not the judge. Active service ends when a judge takes senior status.
judicial/rulingsSupreme Court decisions
+11,342Supreme Court Database ↗
11,342 argued decisions · 30 landmark
Myers v. United States
272 U.S. 52 · Oct 25, 1926 · Decided 6–3 · Miscellaneous · Affirmed · Declared federal law unconstitutional
Byars v. United States
273 U.S. 28 · Jan 3, 1927 · Decided 9–0 · Criminal Procedure · Reversed · Declared federal law unconstitutional
Buck v. Bell
274 U.S. 200 · May 2, 1927 · Decided 8–1 · Civil Rights · Affirmed
Nichols v. Coolidge
274 U.S. 531 · May 31, 1927 · Decided 9–0 · Federal Taxation · Affirmed · Declared federal law unconstitutional
Blodgett v. Holden
275 U.S. 142 · Nov 21, 1927 · Decided 9–0 · Federal Taxation · Declared federal law unconstitutional
Untermyer v. Anderson
276 U.S. 440 · Apr 9, 1928 · Decided 6–3 · Federal Taxation · Reversed · Declared federal law unconstitutional
Olmstead v. United States
277 U.S. 438 · Jun 4, 1928 · Decided 5–4 · Criminal Procedure · Affirmed
National Life Insurance Company v. United States
277 U.S. 508 · Jun 4, 1928 · Decided 6–3 · Federal Taxation · Reversed · Declared federal law unconstitutional
Go-Bart Importing Company v. United States
282 U.S. 344 · Jan 5, 1931 · Decided 9–0 · Criminal Procedure · Reversed · Declared federal law unconstitutional
Near v. Minnesota ex rel. Olson
283 U.S. 697 · Jun 1, 1931 · Decided 5–4 · First Amendment · Dismissed · Struck down state law
Show 20 more
Heiner v. Donnan
Mar 21, 1932 · Decided 6–2 · Federal Taxation · Declared federal law unconstitutional
United States v. Lefkowitz
Apr 11, 1932 · Decided 8–0 · Criminal Procedure · Affirmed · Declared federal law unconstitutional
Ozie Powell v. Alabama
Nov 7, 1932 · Decided 7–2 · Civil Rights · Reversed and remanded
Grau v. United States
Nov 7, 1932 · Decided 7–2 · Criminal Procedure · Reversed · Declared federal law unconstitutional
Nathanson v. United States
Nov 6, 1933 · Decided 9–0 · Criminal Procedure · Reversed · Declared federal law unconstitutional
Booth v. United States
Feb 5, 1934 · Decided 9–0 · Attorneys · Declared federal law unconstitutional
Lynch v. United States
Jun 4, 1934 · Decided 9–0 · Civil Rights · Reversed · Declared federal law unconstitutional
Panama Refining Co. v. Ryan
Jan 7, 1935 · Decided 8–1 · Miscellaneous · Reversed and remanded · Declared federal law unconstitutional
Perry v. United States
Feb 18, 1935 · Decided 5–4 · Economic Activity · Declared federal law unconstitutional
Railroad Retirement Board v. Alton Railroad Co.
May 6, 1935 · Decided 5–4 · Judicial Power · Affirmed · Declared federal law unconstitutional
A. L. A. Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States
May 27, 1935 · Decided 9–0 · Economic Activity · Reversed · Declared federal law unconstitutional
Humphrey's Executor v. United States
May 27, 1935 · Decided 9–0 · Miscellaneous
Louisville Joint Stock Land Bank v. Radford
May 27, 1935 · Decided 9–0 · Due Process · Reversed · Declared federal law unconstitutional
Hopkins Federal Savings & Loan Assn. v. Cleary
Dec 9, 1935 · Decided 9–0 · Economic Activity · Affirmed · Declared federal law unconstitutional
United States v. Constantine
Dec 9, 1935 · Decided 6–3 · Criminal Procedure · Affirmed · Declared federal law unconstitutional
United States v. Butler
Jan 6, 1936 · Decided 6–3 · Federal Taxation · Affirmed · Declared federal law unconstitutional
Rickert Rice Mills, Inc. v. Fontenot
Jan 13, 1936 · Decided 9–0 · Federal Taxation · Vacated · Declared federal law unconstitutional
Carter v. Carter Coal Co.
May 18, 1936 · Decided 6–3 · Unions · Reversed · Declared federal law unconstitutional
Ashton v. Cameron County Water Improvement District No. One
May 25, 1936 · Decided 5–4 · Federalism · Affirmed · Declared federal law unconstitutional
United States v. Curtiss-Wright Export Corp.
Dec 21, 1936 · Decided 7–1 · Miscellaneous · Reversed and remanded
Landmark means the Court overruled precedent, struck down a federal law, or the case is on a curated landmark list.

Fiscal

fiscal/budgetThe federal budget
OMB Historical Tables ↗
Fiscal year 1927 → fiscal year 2025 · inflation-adjusted with the GDP price index
Spending $2.9B
FY1927
Spending $7.01T
FY2025 · +245301% nominal
Revenue $4.0B
FY1927
Revenue $5.24T
FY2025 · +130386% nominal
Surplus / deficit $1.2B
FY1927
Surplus / deficit −$1.77T
FY2025 · −$1.78T
A fiscal year still in progress has no actual figures yet, so the latest completed year is shown.
fiscal/debtTotal public debt outstanding
+$40.3TTreasury Fiscal Data ↗
$19.6B
as of Jun 30, 1926
$40.3T
as of Oct 13, 2026

Constitution & Union

constitution/amendmentsAmendments & statehood
+10National Archives ↗
19 → 27 amendments in force · 48 → 50 states
Amendment XX Terms of office ("Lame Duck" amendment)
ratified Jan 23, 1933 · Moves inauguration to January 20 and the start of Congress to January 3.
Amendment XXI Repeal of Prohibition
ratified Dec 5, 1933 · Repeals the 18th Amendment.
Amendment XXII Presidential term limits
ratified Feb 27, 1951 · Limits a president to two elected terms.
Amendment XXIII Electoral votes for Washington, D.C.
ratified Mar 29, 1961 · Grants the District of Columbia electors in presidential elections.
Amendment XXIV Abolition of poll taxes in federal elections
ratified Jan 23, 1964 · Prohibits poll taxes in federal elections.
Amendment XXV Presidential succession and disability
ratified Feb 10, 1967 · Procedures for presidential succession, vice-presidential vacancies, and incapacity.
Amendment XXVI Voting age lowered to 18
ratified Jul 1, 1971 · Prohibits denying the vote to citizens 18 or older on account of age.
Amendment XXVII Congressional pay changes
ratified May 7, 1992 · Delays congressional pay changes until after the next House election. Proposed in 1789.
Alaska joins the Union
admitted Jan 3, 1959
Hawaii joins the Union
admitted Aug 21, 1959

Log

logEverything in between
612 events · first 600 shown
Myers v. United States · 1926-10-25Byars v. United States · 1927-01-03Buck v. Bell · 1927-05-02Nichols v. Coolidge · 1927-05-31Blodgett v. Holden · 1927-11-21Untermyer v. Anderson · 1928-04-09Olmstead v. United States · 1928-06-04National Life Insurance Company v. United States · 1928-06-04Herbert Clark Hoover takes office · 1929-03-04Charles Evans Hughes — Chief Justice · 1930-02-13Owen Josephus Roberts — Associate Justice · 1930-05-20Go-Bart Importing Company v. United States · 1931-01-05Near v. Minnesota ex rel. Olson · 1931-06-01Benjamin Nathan Cardozo — Associate Justice · 1932-03-02Heiner v. Donnan · 1932-03-21United States v. Lefkowitz · 1932-04-11Ozie Powell v. Alabama · 1932-11-07Grau v. United States · 1932-11-07Terms of office ("Lame Duck" amendment) · 1933-01-23Franklin Delano Roosevelt takes office · 1933-03-04Securities Act of 1933 · 1933-05-27Glass–Steagall Act of 1933 (Banking Act of 1933) · 1933-06-16Nathanson v. United States · 1933-11-06Repeal of Prohibition · 1933-12-05Booth v. United States · 1934-02-05Lynch v. United States · 1934-06-04Securities Exchange Act of 1934 · 1934-06-06Panama Refining Co. v. Ryan · 1935-01-07Perry v. United States · 1935-02-18Railroad Retirement Board v. Alton Railroad Co. · 1935-05-06A. L. A. Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States · 1935-05-27Humphrey's Executor v. United States · 1935-05-27Louisville Joint Stock Land Bank v. Radford · 1935-05-27National Labor Relations Act of 1935 (Wagner Act) · 1935-07-05Social Security Act · 1935-08-14Hopkins Federal Savings & Loan Assn. v. Cleary · 1935-12-09United States v. Constantine · 1935-12-09United States v. Butler · 1936-01-06Rickert Rice Mills, Inc. v. Fontenot · 1936-01-13Carter v. Carter Coal Co. · 1936-05-18Ashton v. Cameron County Water Improvement District No. One · 1936-05-25United States v. Curtiss-Wright Export Corp. · 1936-12-21Franklin Delano Roosevelt takes office · 1937-01-20West Coast Hotel Co. v. Parrish · 1937-03-29National Labor Relations Board v. Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp. · 1937-04-12Hugo Lafayette Black — Associate Justice · 1937-08-18Stanley Forman Reed — Associate Justice · 1938-01-27United States v. Carolene Products Co. · 1938-04-25Erie Railroad Co. v. Tompkins · 1938-04-25Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act · 1938-06-25Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 · 1938-06-25Felix Frankfurter — Associate Justice · 1939-01-20William Orville Douglas — Associate Justice · 1939-04-15Frank Murphy — Associate Justice · 1940-01-18Selective Training and Service Act of 1940 · 1940-09-16Franklin Delano Roosevelt takes office · 1941-01-20Lend-Lease Act · 1941-03-11James Francis Byrnes — Associate Justice · 1941-06-25Harlan Fiske Stone — Chief Justice · 1941-07-03Robert Houghwout Jackson — Associate Justice · 1941-07-11Declaration of war on Japan · 1941-12-08Declarations of war on Germany and Italy · 1941-12-11Declarations of war on Bulgaria, Hungary, and Romania · 1942-06-05Wickard v. Filburn · 1942-11-09Wiley Blount Rutledge — Associate Justice · 1943-02-11Tot v. United States · 1943-06-07West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette · 1943-06-14Smith v. Allwright · 1944-04-03Servicemen's Readjustment Act of 1944 (G.I. Bill) · 1944-06-22Korematsu v. United States · 1944-12-18United States v. General Motors Corp · 1945-01-08Franklin Delano Roosevelt takes office · 1945-01-20Harry S. Truman takes office · 1945-04-12Harold Hitz Burton — Associate Justice · 1945-09-22United States v. Lovett · 1946-06-03Frederick Moore Vinson — Chief Justice · 1946-06-21Halliburton Oil Well Cementing Co. v. Walker · 1946-11-18Macgregor v. Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Co. · 1947-01-06Angel v. Bullington · 1947-02-17Taft–Hartley Act · 1947-06-23National Security Act of 1947 · 1947-07-26United States Department of War · 1947-09-18National Military Establishment · 1947-09-18Shelley v. Kraemer · 1948-05-03Sherrer v. Sherrer · 1948-06-07Lincoln Federal Labor Union v. Northwestern Iron & Metal Co. · 1949-01-03Commissioner of Internal Revenue v. Estate of Church · 1949-01-17Harry S. Truman takes office · 1949-01-20Ott v. Mississippi Valley Barge Line Co. · 1949-02-07Oklahoma Tax Commission v. Texas Company · 1949-03-07Cosmopolitan Shipping Co. v. McAllister · 1949-06-27National Military Establishment · 1949-08-10United States Department of Defense · 1949-08-10Tom C. Clark — Associate Justice · 1949-08-19Sherman Minton — Associate Justice · 1949-10-05United States v. Rabinowitz · 1950-02-20Darr v. Burford · 1950-04-03Korean War · 1950-06-27Puerto Rican Nationalist uprising · 1950-10-30Puerto Rican Nationalist uprising · 1950-11-02Presidential term limits · 1951-02-27Standard Oil Co. v. Peck · 1952-02-04Joseph Burstyn, Inc. v. Wilson · 1952-05-26Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. v. Sawyer · 1952-06-02United States v. Cardiff · 1952-12-08Dwight David Eisenhower takes office · 1953-01-20United States Department of Health, Education, and Welfare · 1953-04-11Korean War · 1953-07-28Earl Warren — Chief Justice · 1954-03-20Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka · 1954-05-17Bolling v. Sharpe · 1954-05-17Taiwan Strait crisis · 1954-12-31Taiwan Strait crisis · 1955-01-01John Marshall Harlan — Associate Justice · 1955-03-17Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka · 1955-05-31Carroll v. Lanza · 1955-06-06United States ex rel. Toth v. Quarles · 1955-11-07Federal Aid Highway Act of 1956 · 1956-06-29Dwight David Eisenhower takes office · 1957-01-20William Joseph Brennan, Jr. — Associate Justice · 1957-03-21Charles Evans Whittaker — Associate Justice · 1957-03-22Reid v. Covert · 1957-06-10Vanderbilt v. Vanderbilt · 1957-06-24Trop v. Dulles · 1958-03-31Cooper v. Aaron · 1958-09-12Ladner v. United States · 1958-12-15Taiwan Strait crisis · 1958-12-31Taiwan Strait crisis · 1959-01-01Alaska · 1959-01-03Potter Stewart — Associate Justice · 1959-05-07Hawaii · 1959-08-21Kinsella v. United States ex rel. Singleton · 1960-01-18Grisham v. Hagan · 1960-01-18McElroy v. United States ex rel. Guagliardo · 1960-01-18United States v. Raines · 1960-02-29Elkins v. United States · 1960-06-27John Fitzgerald Kennedy takes office · 1961-01-20Electoral votes for Washington, D.C. · 1961-03-29Bay of Pigs invasion · 1961-04-17Bay of Pigs invasion · 1961-04-21James v. United States · 1961-05-15Mapp v. Ohio · 1961-06-19Vietnam: South Vietnam vs. the Viet Cong · 1962-01-01Baker v. Carr · 1962-03-26Byron Raymond White — Associate Justice · 1962-04-12Engel v. Vitale · 1962-06-25Arthur Joseph Goldberg — Associate Justice · 1962-09-28Smith v. Evening News Association · 1962-12-10Local No. 438 Construction & General Laborers' Union v. Curry · 1963-01-21Kennedy v. Mendoza-Martinez · 1963-02-18Gideon v. Wainwright · 1963-03-18Gray v. Sanders · 1963-03-18Fay v. Noia · 1963-03-18Ferguson v. Skrupa · 1963-04-22School District of Abington Township v. Schempp · 1963-06-17Lyndon Baines Johnson takes office · 1963-11-22Clean Air Act · 1963-12-17Laotian Civil War · 1963-12-31Abolition of poll taxes in federal elections · 1964-01-23Wesberry v. Sanders · 1964-02-17New York Times Co. v. Sullivan · 1964-03-09Schneider v. Rusk · 1964-05-18Reynolds v. Sims · 1964-06-15Malloy v. Hogan · 1964-06-15Murphy v. Waterfront Commission of New York Harbor · 1964-06-15Jackson v. Denno · 1964-06-22Escobedo v. Illinois · 1964-06-22Aptheker v. Secretary of State · 1964-06-22Civil Rights Act of 1964 · 1964-07-02Gulf of Tonkin Resolution · 1964-08-10McLaughlin v. Florida · 1964-12-07Heart of Atlanta Motel, Inc. v. United States · 1964-12-14Vietnam: South Vietnam vs. the Viet Cong · 1965-01-01Lyndon Baines Johnson takes office · 1965-01-20Pointer v. Texas · 1965-04-05Elementary and Secondary Education Act · 1965-04-11Lamont v. Postmaster General · 1965-05-24United States v. Brown · 1965-06-07Griswold v. Connecticut · 1965-06-07Social Security Amendments of 1965 · 1965-07-30Voting Rights Act of 1965 · 1965-08-06Abe Fortas — Associate Justice · 1965-08-11United States Department of Housing and Urban Development · 1965-09-09Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 · 1965-10-03Higher Education Act of 1965 · 1965-11-08Albertson v. Subversive Activities Control Board · 1965-11-15Swift & Co., Inc. v. Wickham · 1965-11-22United States v. Romano · 1965-11-22Harris v. United States · 1965-12-06Vietnam War · 1965-12-31South Carolina v. Katzenbach · 1966-03-07Harper v. Virginia Board of Elections · 1966-03-24Miranda v. Arizona · 1966-06-13Freedom of Information Act · 1966-07-04United States Department of Transportation · 1966-10-15Spevack v. Klein · 1967-01-16Keyishian v. Board of Regents of the University of the State of New York · 1967-01-23Presidential succession and disability · 1967-02-10Afroyim v. Rusk · 1967-05-29Warden v. Hayden · 1967-05-29Camara v. Municipal Court of the City and County of San Francisco · 1967-06-05Loving v. Virginia · 1967-06-12Berger v. New York · 1967-06-12Thurgood Marshall — Associate Justice · 1967-08-30United States v. Robel · 1967-12-11Katz v. United States · 1967-12-18Marchetti v. United States · 1968-01-29Grosso v. United States · 1968-01-29Haynes v. United States · 1968-01-29United States v. Jackson · 1968-04-08Civil Rights Act of 1968 · 1968-04-11Peyton v. Rowe · 1968-05-20Bruton v. United States · 1968-05-20Duncan v. Louisiana · 1968-05-20Carafas v. Lavallee · 1968-05-20Terry v. Ohio · 1968-06-10Lee v. Florida · 1968-06-17Jones v. Alfred H. Mayer Co. · 1968-06-17Richard Milhous Nixon takes office · 1969-01-20Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District · 1969-02-24Moore v. Ogilvie · 1969-05-05Leary v. United States · 1969-05-19O'Callahan v. Parker · 1969-06-02Brandenburg v. Ohio · 1969-06-09Lear, Inc. v. Adkins · 1969-06-16Warren Earl Burger — Chief Justice · 1969-06-23Chimel v. California · 1969-06-23Benton v. Maryland · 1969-06-23Cambodian Civil War · 1970-01-01National Environmental Policy Act · 1970-01-01Turner v. United States · 1970-01-20Ashe v. Swenson · 1970-04-06Harry Andrew Blackmun — Associate Justice · 1970-05-14Schacht v. United States · 1970-05-25Boys Markets, Inc. v. Retail Clerks Union · 1970-06-01Price v. Georgia · 1970-06-15Moragne v. States Marine Lines, Inc. · 1970-06-15Williams v. Florida · 1970-06-22Oregon v. Mitchell · 1970-12-21Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) · 1970-12-29Gulf of Tonkin Resolution repealed · 1971-01-12Blount v. Rizzi · 1971-01-14United States v. United States Coin & Currency · 1971-04-05Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education · 1971-04-20Blonder-Tongue Laboratories, Inc. v. University of Illinois Foundation · 1971-05-03Perez v. Campbell · 1971-06-01Griffin v. Breckenridge · 1971-06-07Lemon v. Kurtzman · 1971-06-28Tilton v. Richardson · 1971-06-28New York Times Co. v. United States · 1971-06-30United States Post Office Department · 1971-07-01Voting age lowered to 18 · 1971-07-01Lewis Franklin Powell, Jr. — Associate Justice · 1971-12-09William Hubbs Rehnquist — Associate Justice · 1971-12-15Dunn v. Blumstein · 1972-03-21Illinois v. City of Milwaukee · 1972-04-24Andrews v. Louisville & Nashville Railroad Co. · 1972-05-15Furman v. Georgia · 1972-06-29Clean Water Act · 1972-10-18Richard Milhous Nixon takes office · 1973-01-20Roe v. Wade · 1973-01-22Lehnhausen v. Lake Shore Auto Parts Co. · 1973-02-22Braden v. 30th Judicial Circuit Court of Kentucky · 1973-02-28Vietnam War · 1973-03-30Frontiero v. Richardson · 1973-05-14Miller v. California · 1973-06-21United States Department of Agriculture v. Murry · 1973-06-25United States Department of Agriculture v. Moreno · 1973-06-25Laotian Civil War · 1973-09-15War Powers Resolution · 1973-11-07War Powers Resolution · 1973-11-07North Dakota State Board of Pharmacy v. Snyder's Drug Stores, Inc. · 1973-12-05Endangered Species Act of 1973 · 1973-12-28Cambodian Civil War · 1974-01-01Edelman v. Jordan · 1974-03-25Mitchell v. W. T. Grant Co. · 1974-05-13Jimenez v. Weinberger · 1974-06-19United States v. Nixon · 1974-07-24Gerald Rudolph Ford Jr. takes office · 1974-08-09Taylor v. Louisiana · 1975-01-21Weinberger v. Wiesenfeld · 1975-03-19United States v. Reliable Transfer Co., Inc. · 1975-05-19John Paul Stevens — Associate Justice · 1975-12-17Michelin Tire Corp. v. Wages · 1976-01-14Buckley v. Valeo · 1976-01-30Hudgens v. National Labor Relations Board · 1976-03-03Virginia State Board of Pharmacy v. Virginia Citizens Consumer Council, Inc. · 1976-05-24Hampton v. Mow Sun Wong · 1976-06-01National League of Cities v. Usery · 1976-06-24Lodge 76 v. Wisconsin Employment Relations Commission · 1976-06-25City of New Orleans v. Dukes · 1976-06-25Gregg v. Georgia · 1976-07-02Craig v. Boren · 1976-12-20Oregon ex rel. State Land Board v. Corvallis Sand & Gravel Co. · 1977-01-12James Earl Carter takes office · 1977-01-20Califano v. Goldfarb · 1977-03-02Complete Auto Transit, Inc. v. Brady · 1977-03-07Continental T.V., Inc. v. GTE Sylvania Inc. · 1977-06-23Wainwright v. Sykes · 1977-06-23Shaffer v. Heitner · 1977-06-24United States Department of Energy · 1977-08-04Department of Revenue of Washington v. Association of Washington Stevedoring Companies · 1978-04-26Marshall v. Barlow's, Inc. · 1978-05-23Monell v. Department of Social Services of the City of New York · 1978-06-06Burks v. United States · 1978-06-14United States v. Scott · 1978-06-14Regents of the University of California v. Bakke · 1978-06-26Duren v. Missouri · 1979-01-09Hughes v. Oklahoma · 1979-04-24Califano v. Westcott · 1979-06-25United States Department of Education · 1979-10-17Trammel v. United States · 1980-02-27United States Department of Health, Education, and Welfare · 1980-05-04United States Department of Health and Human Services · 1980-05-04United States v. Salvucci · 1980-06-25Thomas v. Washington Gas Light Co. · 1980-06-27United States v. Will · 1980-12-15Ronald Wilson Reagan takes office · 1981-01-20Commonwealth Edison Co. v. Montana · 1981-07-02Sandra Day O'Connor — Associate Justice · 1981-09-22Railway Labor Executives' Assn. v. Gibbons · 1982-03-02United States v. Ross · 1982-06-01Northern Pipeline Construction Co. v. Marathon Pipe Line Co. · 1982-06-28Sporhase v. Nebraska ex rel. Douglas · 1982-07-02Lebanese Civil War (Multinational Force) · 1983-01-01United States v. Grace · 1983-04-20Bob Jones University v. United States · 1983-05-24Illinois v. Gates · 1983-06-08Immigration and Naturalization Service v. Chadha · 1983-06-23Bolger v. Youngs Drug Products Corp. · 1983-06-24Michigan v. Long · 1983-07-06Multinational Force in Lebanon Resolution · 1983-10-12Invasion of Grenada · 1983-10-25Invasion of Grenada · 1983-10-28Pennhurst State School and Hospital v. Halderman · 1984-01-23United States v. One Assortment of 89 Firearms · 1984-02-22Limbach v. Hooven & Allison Co. · 1984-04-18Copperweld Corp. v. Independence Tube Corp. · 1984-06-19Chevron U. S. A. Inc. v. Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc. · 1984-06-25Federal Communications Commission v. League of Women Voters of California · 1984-07-02Regan v. Time, Inc. · 1984-07-03Lebanese Civil War (Multinational Force) · 1985-01-01Ronald Wilson Reagan takes office · 1985-01-20Garcia v. San Antonio Metropolitan Transit Authority · 1985-02-19Federal Election Commission v. National Conservative Political Action Committee · 1985-03-18United States v. Miller · 1985-04-01Aguilar v. Felton · 1985-07-01Daniels v. Williams · 1986-01-21United States v. Lane · 1986-01-27Batson v. Kentucky · 1986-04-30Bowsher v. Synar · 1986-07-07William Hubbs Rehnquist — Chief Justice · 1986-09-25Antonin Scalia — Associate Justice · 1986-09-25Tax Reform Act of 1986 · 1986-10-22Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 (Simpson-Mazzoli Act) · 1986-11-06Federal Election Commission v. Massachusetts Citizens for Life, Inc. · 1986-12-15Hodel v. Irving · 1987-05-18Puerto Rico v. Branstad · 1987-06-23Tyler Pipe Industries, Inc. v. Washington State Department of Revenue · 1987-06-23Solorio v. United States · 1987-06-25Welch v. Texas Department of Highways and Public Transportation · 1987-06-25Anthony McLeod Kennedy — Associate Justice · 1988-02-11Gulfstream Aerospace Corporation v. Mayacamas Corporation · 1988-03-22Boos v. Marion S. Barry, Jr. · 1988-03-22South Carolina v. Baker · 1988-04-20Morrison v. Olson · 1988-06-27George Herbert Walker Bush takes office · 1989-01-20United States Department of Veterans Affairs · 1989-03-15Thornburgh v. Abbott · 1989-05-15Rodriguez de Quijas v. Shearson/American Express, Inc. · 1989-05-15Alabama v. Smith · 1989-06-12Healy v. The Beer Institute · 1989-06-19Texas v. Johnson · 1989-06-21Sable Communications of California, Inc. v. Federal Communications Commission · 1989-06-23Invasion of Panama · 1989-12-23Invasion of Panama · 1989-12-24W. S. Kirkpatrick & Co., Inc. v. Environmental Tectonics Corp. · 1990-01-17United States v. Shawn D. Eichman · 1990-06-11Collins v. Youngblood · 1990-06-21Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 · 1990-07-26David Hackett Souter — Associate Justice · 1990-10-03Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Iraq · 1991-01-14Gulf War · 1991-01-17Gulf War · 1991-03-02Arizona v. Fulminante · 1991-03-26California v. Acevedo · 1991-05-30Exxon Corporation v. Central Gulf Lines, Inc. · 1991-06-03Metropolitan Washington Airports Authority v. Citizens for the Abatement of Aircraft Noise, Inc. · 1991-06-17Coleman v. Thompson · 1991-06-24Pervis Tyrone Payne v. Tennessee · 1991-06-27Clarence Thomas — Associate Justice · 1991-10-18J. C. Keeney v. Tamayo-Reyes · 1992-05-04Congressional pay changes · 1992-05-07Quill Corporation v. North Dakota by and Through Its Tax Commissioner · 1992-05-26New York v. United States · 1992-06-19Planned Parenthood of Southeastern Pennsylvania v. Casey · 1992-06-29William Jefferson Clinton takes office · 1993-01-20United States v. Dixon · 1993-06-28Ruth Bader Ginsburg — Associate Justice · 1993-08-05Nichols v. United States · 1994-06-06Director v. Greenwich Collieries · 1994-06-20Stephen Gerald Breyer — Associate Justice · 1994-08-03United States v. National Treasury Employees Union · 1995-02-22Ed Plaut v. Spendthrift Farm, Inc. · 1995-04-18Rubin v. Coors Brewing Company · 1995-04-19United States v. Alfonso Lopez, Jr. · 1995-04-26Hubbard v. United States · 1995-05-15U.S. Term Limits, Inc. v. Ray Thornton · 1995-05-22Adarand Constructors, Inc. v. Federico Pena · 1995-06-12United States v. Gaudin · 1995-06-19Telecommunications Act of 1996 · 1996-02-08Fulton Corporation v. Janice H. Faulkner · 1996-02-21Seminole Tribe of Florida v. Florida · 1996-03-27Inc. v. Rhode Island and Rhode Island Liquor Stores Association · 1996-05-13United States v. International Business Machines Corporation · 1996-06-10Lewis v. Fletcher Casey, Jr. · 1996-06-24Colorado Republican Federal Campaign Committee and Douglas Jones v. Federal Election Commission · 1996-06-26Denver Area Educational Telecommunications Consortium, Inc. v. Federal Communications Commission · 1996-06-28Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996 · 1996-08-22William Jefferson Clinton takes office · 1997-01-20Babbitt v. Marvin K. Youpee, Sr. · 1997-01-21Clinton v. Paula Corbin Jones · 1997-05-27Rachel Agostini v. Betty-Louise Felton · 1997-06-23City of Boerne v. P. F. Flores · 1997-06-25Reno v. American Civil Liberties Union · 1997-06-26Jay Printz v. United States · 1997-06-27State Oil Company v. Barkat U. Khan and Khan & Associates, Inc. · 1997-11-04Hudson v. United States · 1997-12-10C. Elvin Feltner, Jr. v. Columbia Pictures Television, Inc. · 1998-03-31United States v. United States Shoe Corporation · 1998-03-31Arnold F. Hohn v. United States · 1998-06-15United States v. Hosep Krikor Bajakajian · 1998-06-22Clinton v. City of New York · 1998-06-25Eastern Enterprises v. Apfel · 1998-06-25Kosovo War · 1999-03-24Minnesota v. Mille Lacs Band of Chippewa Indians · 1999-03-24Greater New Orleans Broadcasting Association, Inc. v. United States · 1999-06-14Florida Prepaid Postsecondary Education Expense Board v. College Savings Bank and United States · 1999-06-23College Savings Bank v. Florida Prepaid Postsecondary Education Expense Board · 1999-06-23Alden v. Maine · 1999-06-23Kosovo War · 1999-11-22J. Daniel Kimel, Jr. v. Florida Board of Regents · 2000-01-11United States v. Morrison · 2000-05-15United States v. Playboy Entertainment Group, Inc. · 2000-05-22Dickerson v. United States · 2000-06-26Guy Mitchell v. Helms · 2000-06-28Bush v. Gore · 2000-12-12George Walker Bush takes office · 2001-01-20Board of Trustees of the University of Alabama v. Garrett · 2001-02-21Legal Services Corporation v. Carmen Velazquez · 2001-02-28United States v. Hatter · 2001-05-21United States and Department of Agriculture v. United Foods, Inc. · 2001-06-25War against al-Qaida · 2001-09-11Authorization for Use of Military Force (2001) · 2001-09-18Invasion of Afghanistan · 2001-10-07Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism (USA PATRIOT ACT) Act of 2001 · 2001-10-26Invasion of Afghanistan · 2001-11-14No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 · 2002-01-08Ashcroft v. The Free Speech Coalition · 2002-04-16Tommy G. Thompson v. Western States Medical Center · 2002-04-29Lapides v. Board of Regents of the University System of Georgia · 2002-05-13United States v. Cotton · 2002-05-20Daryl Renard Atkins v. Virginia · 2002-06-20Ring v. Arizona · 2002-06-24Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 · 2002-07-30Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Iraq (2002) · 2002-10-16United States Department of Homeland Security · 2002-11-25Homeland Security Act of 2002 · 2002-11-25War in Afghanistan (Taliban insurgency) · 2003-01-01Invasion of Iraq · 2003-03-23Invasion of Iraq · 2003-04-29Grutter v. Lee Bollinger · 2003-06-23Lawrence v. Texas · 2003-06-26Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act of 2003 · 2003-12-08Mitch McConnell v. Federal Election Commission · 2003-12-10Iraq: insurgency and war against IS · 2004-01-18Crawford v. Washington · 2004-03-08Hamdi v. Rumsfeld · 2004-06-28United States v. Freddie J. Booker · 2005-01-12George Walker Bush takes office · 2005-01-20Roper v. Simmons · 2005-03-01Susette Kelo v. City of New London · 2005-06-23John Glover Roberts, Jr. — Chief Justice · 2005-09-29Central Virginia Community College v. Katz · 2006-01-23Samuel A. Alito, Jr. — Associate Justice · 2006-01-31Illinois Tool Works Inc. v. Independent Ink, Inc. · 2006-03-01Salim Ahmed Hamdan v. Rumsfeld · 2006-06-29Massachusetts v. Environmental Protection Agency · 2007-04-02Alberto R. Gonzales v. Leroy Carhart · 2007-04-18Bell Atlantic Corporation v. Twombly · 2007-05-21Bowles v. Russell · 2007-06-14Federal Election Commission v. Wisconsin Right to Life, Inc. · 2007-06-25Parents Involved in Community Schools v. Seattle School District No. 1 · 2007-06-28Leegin Creative Leather Products, Inc. v. PSKS, Inc. · 2007-06-28Boumediene v. Bush · 2008-06-12District of Columbia v. Heller · 2008-06-26Davis v. FEC · 2008-06-26Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008 · 2008-10-03Yemen: Houthis and AQAP · 2009-01-01Barack Hussein Obama takes office · 2009-01-20Cordell Pearson v. Afton Callahan · 2009-01-21American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 · 2009-02-17Montejo v. Louisiana · 2009-05-26Sonia Sotomayor — Associate Justice · 2009-08-06Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission · 2010-01-21Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act · 2010-03-23United States v. Stevens · 2010-04-20Free Enterprise Fund and Beckstead and Watts v. Public Company Accounting Oversight Board · 2010-06-28Otis McDonald v. City of Chicago · 2010-06-28Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act · 2010-07-21Elena Kagan — Associate Justice · 2010-08-06Pepper v. United States · 2011-03-02Bond v. United States · 2011-06-16Stern v. Elaine T. Marshall · 2011-06-23Iraq: insurgency and war against IS · 2011-12-19Hosanna-Tabor Evangelical Lutheran Church and School v. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission · 2012-01-11Coleman v. Court of Appeals of Maryland · 2012-03-20United States v. Xavier Alvarez · 2012-06-28National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius · 2012-06-28Barack Hussein Obama takes office · 2013-01-20Alleyne v. United States · 2013-06-17Agency for International Development v. Alliance for Open Society International, Inc. · 2013-06-20Shelby County v. Holder · 2013-06-25United States v. Windsor · 2013-06-26McCutcheon v. FEC · 2014-04-02Iraq: insurgency and war against IS · 2014-08-08Yemen: Houthis and AQAP · 2015-01-01Somalia: al-Shabaab · 2015-01-01Afghanistan: Islamic State · 2015-03-03Zivotofsky v. Kerry · 2015-06-08Horne v. Department of Agriculture · 2015-06-22King v. Burwell · 2015-06-25Johnson v. United States · 2015-06-26Obergefell v. Hodges · 2015-06-26Libya: Islamic State · 2016-01-01Hurst v. Florida · 2016-01-12Niger: Islamic State · 2017-01-01Donald J. Trump takes office · 2017-01-20Neil M. Gorsuch — Associate Justice · 2017-04-08Sessions v. Morales-Santana · 2017-06-12Matal v. Tam · 2017-06-19War against al-Qaida · 2017-12-05Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 · 2017-12-22Sessions v. Dimaya · 2018-04-17Murphy v. National Collegiate Athletic Association · 2018-05-14South Dakota v. Wayfair · 2018-06-21Trump v. Hawaii · 2018-06-26Janus v. American Federation of State · 2018-06-27Brett M. Kavanaugh — Associate Justice · 2018-10-06Kenya: al-Shabaab · 2019-01-01Franchise Tax Board of California v. Hyatt · 2019-05-13Herrera v. Wyoming · 2019-05-20Somalia: Islamic State · 2019-06-04Knick v. Township of Scott · 2019-06-21Iancu v. Brunetti · 2019-06-24United States v. Davis · 2019-06-24United States v. Haymond · 2019-06-26Rucho v. Common Cause · 2019-06-27War against al-Qaida · 2019-07-31War against al-Qaida · 2019-09-08Libya: Islamic State · 2019-09-30Iran–Israel conflict · 2020-01-01Allen v. Cooper · 2020-03-23Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act · 2020-03-27Ramos v. Louisiana · 2020-04-20Bostock v. Clayton County · 2020-06-15Seila Law LLC v. Consumer Financial Protection Bureau · 2020-06-29Barr v. American Association of Political Consultants Inc. · 2020-07-06Amy Coney Barrett — Associate Justice · 2020-10-26Joseph Robinette Biden Jr. takes office · 2021-01-20American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 · 2021-03-11Edwards v. Vannoy · 2021-05-17United States v. Arthrex Inc. · 2021-06-21Collins v. Yellen · 2021-06-23War in Afghanistan (Taliban insurgency) · 2021-08-31Afghanistan: Islamic State · 2021-08-31Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act · 2021-11-15Niger: JNIM · 2021-12-09Somalia: Islamic State · 2021-12-20Kenya: al-Shabaab · 2022-01-01Ketanji Brown Jackson — Associate Justice · 2022-04-08Federal Election Commission v. Ted Cruz for Senate · 2022-05-16Shinn v. Ramirez · 2022-05-23Siegel v. Fitzgerald · 2022-06-06New York State Rifle & Pistol Association Inc. v. Bruen · 2022-06-23Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization · 2022-06-24Kennedy v. Bremerton School District · 2022-06-27West Virginia v. Environmental Protection Agency · 2022-06-30CHIPS and Science Act or Creating Helpful Incentives to Produce Semiconductors for America Act · 2022-08-09Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 · 2022-08-16Niger: JNIM · 2023-01-01Niger: Islamic State · 2023-01-01Allen v. Milligan · 2023-06-08Students for Fair Admissions Inc. v. President & Fellows of Harvard College · 2023-06-29Biden v. Nebraska · 2023-06-30Red Sea: the Houthis (Yemen) · 2024-02-03Trump v. Anderson · 2024-03-04Securities and Exchange Commission v. Jarkesy · 2024-06-27Loper Bright Enterprises v. Raimondo · 2024-06-28Trump v. United States · 2024-07-011930194019501960197019801990200020102020
  1. rulingMyers v. United States
  2. rulingByars v. United States
  3. rulingBuck v. Bell
  4. rulingNichols v. Coolidge
  5. rulingBlodgett v. Holden
  6. rulingUntermyer v. Anderson
  7. rulingOlmstead v. United States
  8. rulingNational Life Insurance Company v. United States
  9. presidentHerbert Clark Hoover takes office
  10. justiceCharles Evans Hughes — Chief Justice
  11. justiceOwen Josephus Roberts — Associate Justice
  12. rulingGo-Bart Importing Company v. United States
  13. rulingNear v. Minnesota ex rel. Olson
  14. justiceBenjamin Nathan Cardozo — Associate Justice
  15. rulingHeiner v. Donnan
  16. rulingUnited States v. Lefkowitz
  17. rulingOzie Powell v. Alabama
  18. rulingGrau v. United States
  19. amendmentTerms of office ("Lame Duck" amendment)
  20. presidentFranklin Delano Roosevelt takes office
  21. lawSecurities Act of 1933
  22. lawGlass–Steagall Act of 1933 (Banking Act of 1933)
  23. rulingNathanson v. United States
  24. amendmentRepeal of Prohibition
  25. rulingBooth v. United States
  26. rulingLynch v. United States
  27. lawSecurities Exchange Act of 1934
  28. rulingPanama Refining Co. v. Ryan
  29. rulingPerry v. United States
  30. rulingRailroad Retirement Board v. Alton Railroad Co.
  31. rulingA. L. A. Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States
  32. rulingHumphrey's Executor v. United States
  33. rulingLouisville Joint Stock Land Bank v. Radford
  34. lawNational Labor Relations Act of 1935 (Wagner Act)
  35. lawSocial Security Act
  36. rulingHopkins Federal Savings & Loan Assn. v. Cleary
  37. rulingUnited States v. Constantine
  38. rulingUnited States v. Butler
  39. rulingRickert Rice Mills, Inc. v. Fontenot
  40. rulingCarter v. Carter Coal Co.
  41. rulingAshton v. Cameron County Water Improvement District No. One
  42. rulingUnited States v. Curtiss-Wright Export Corp.
  43. presidentFranklin Delano Roosevelt takes office
  44. rulingWest Coast Hotel Co. v. Parrish
  45. rulingNational Labor Relations Board v. Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp.
  46. justiceHugo Lafayette Black — Associate Justice
  47. justiceStanley Forman Reed — Associate Justice
  48. rulingUnited States v. Carolene Products Co.
  49. rulingErie Railroad Co. v. Tompkins
  50. lawFederal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act
  51. lawFair Labor Standards Act of 1938
  52. justiceFelix Frankfurter — Associate Justice
  53. justiceWilliam Orville Douglas — Associate Justice
  54. justiceFrank Murphy — Associate Justice
  55. lawSelective Training and Service Act of 1940
  56. presidentFranklin Delano Roosevelt takes office
  57. lawLend-Lease Act
  58. justiceJames Francis Byrnes — Associate Justice
  59. justiceHarlan Fiske Stone — Chief Justice
  60. justiceRobert Houghwout Jackson — Associate Justice
  61. war powersDeclaration of war on Japan
  62. war powersDeclarations of war on Germany and Italy
  63. war powersDeclarations of war on Bulgaria, Hungary, and Romania
  64. rulingWickard v. Filburn
  65. justiceWiley Blount Rutledge — Associate Justice
  66. rulingTot v. United States
  67. rulingWest Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette
  68. rulingSmith v. Allwright
  69. lawServicemen's Readjustment Act of 1944 (G.I. Bill)
  70. rulingKorematsu v. United States
  71. rulingUnited States v. General Motors Corp
  72. presidentFranklin Delano Roosevelt takes office
  73. presidentHarry S. Truman takes office
  74. justiceHarold Hitz Burton — Associate Justice
  75. rulingUnited States v. Lovett
  76. justiceFrederick Moore Vinson — Chief Justice
  77. rulingHalliburton Oil Well Cementing Co. v. Walker
  78. rulingMacgregor v. Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Co.
  79. rulingAngel v. Bullington
  80. lawTaft–Hartley Act
  81. lawNational Security Act of 1947
  82. agency−United States Department of War
  83. agency+National Military Establishment
  84. rulingShelley v. Kraemer
  85. rulingSherrer v. Sherrer
  86. rulingLincoln Federal Labor Union v. Northwestern Iron & Metal Co.
  87. rulingCommissioner of Internal Revenue v. Estate of Church
  88. presidentHarry S. Truman takes office
  89. rulingOtt v. Mississippi Valley Barge Line Co.
  90. rulingOklahoma Tax Commission v. Texas Company
  91. rulingCosmopolitan Shipping Co. v. McAllister
  92. agency−National Military Establishment
  93. agency+United States Department of Defense
  94. justiceTom C. Clark — Associate Justice
  95. justiceSherman Minton — Associate Justice
  96. rulingUnited States v. Rabinowitz
  97. rulingDarr v. Burford
  98. war+Korean War
  99. war+Puerto Rican Nationalist uprising
  100. war−Puerto Rican Nationalist uprising
  101. amendmentPresidential term limits
  102. rulingStandard Oil Co. v. Peck
  103. rulingJoseph Burstyn, Inc. v. Wilson
  104. rulingYoungstown Sheet & Tube Co. v. Sawyer
  105. rulingUnited States v. Cardiff
  106. presidentDwight David Eisenhower takes office
  107. agency+United States Department of Health, Education, and Welfare
  108. war−Korean War
  109. justiceEarl Warren — Chief Justice
  110. rulingBrown v. Board of Education of Topeka
  111. rulingBolling v. Sharpe
  112. war+Taiwan Strait crisis
  113. war−Taiwan Strait crisis
  114. justiceJohn Marshall Harlan — Associate Justice
  115. rulingBrown v. Board of Education of Topeka
  116. rulingCarroll v. Lanza
  117. rulingUnited States ex rel. Toth v. Quarles
  118. lawFederal Aid Highway Act of 1956
  119. presidentDwight David Eisenhower takes office
  120. justiceWilliam Joseph Brennan, Jr. — Associate Justice
  121. justiceCharles Evans Whittaker — Associate Justice
  122. rulingReid v. Covert
  123. rulingVanderbilt v. Vanderbilt
  124. rulingTrop v. Dulles
  125. rulingCooper v. Aaron
  126. rulingLadner v. United States
  127. war+Taiwan Strait crisis
  128. war−Taiwan Strait crisis
  129. stateAlaska
  130. justicePotter Stewart — Associate Justice
  131. stateHawaii
  132. rulingKinsella v. United States ex rel. Singleton
  133. rulingGrisham v. Hagan
  134. rulingMcElroy v. United States ex rel. Guagliardo
  135. rulingUnited States v. Raines
  136. rulingElkins v. United States
  137. presidentJohn Fitzgerald Kennedy takes office
  138. amendmentElectoral votes for Washington, D.C.
  139. war+Bay of Pigs invasion
  140. war−Bay of Pigs invasion
  141. rulingJames v. United States
  142. rulingMapp v. Ohio
  143. war+Vietnam: South Vietnam vs. the Viet Cong
  144. rulingBaker v. Carr
  145. justiceByron Raymond White — Associate Justice
  146. rulingEngel v. Vitale
  147. justiceArthur Joseph Goldberg — Associate Justice
  148. rulingSmith v. Evening News Association
  149. rulingLocal No. 438 Construction & General Laborers' Union v. Curry
  150. rulingKennedy v. Mendoza-Martinez
  151. rulingGideon v. Wainwright
  152. rulingGray v. Sanders
  153. rulingFay v. Noia
  154. rulingFerguson v. Skrupa
  155. rulingSchool District of Abington Township v. Schempp
  156. presidentLyndon Baines Johnson takes office
  157. lawClean Air Act
  158. war+Laotian Civil War
  159. amendmentAbolition of poll taxes in federal elections
  160. rulingWesberry v. Sanders
  161. rulingNew York Times Co. v. Sullivan
  162. rulingSchneider v. Rusk
  163. rulingReynolds v. Sims
  164. rulingMalloy v. Hogan
  165. rulingMurphy v. Waterfront Commission of New York Harbor
  166. rulingJackson v. Denno
  167. rulingEscobedo v. Illinois
  168. rulingAptheker v. Secretary of State
  169. lawCivil Rights Act of 1964
  170. war powersGulf of Tonkin Resolution
  171. rulingMcLaughlin v. Florida
  172. rulingHeart of Atlanta Motel, Inc. v. United States
  173. war−Vietnam: South Vietnam vs. the Viet Cong
  174. presidentLyndon Baines Johnson takes office
  175. rulingPointer v. Texas
  176. lawElementary and Secondary Education Act
  177. rulingLamont v. Postmaster General
  178. rulingUnited States v. Brown
  179. rulingGriswold v. Connecticut
  180. lawSocial Security Amendments of 1965
  181. lawVoting Rights Act of 1965
  182. justiceAbe Fortas — Associate Justice
  183. agency+United States Department of Housing and Urban Development
  184. lawImmigration and Nationality Act of 1965
  185. lawHigher Education Act of 1965
  186. rulingAlbertson v. Subversive Activities Control Board
  187. rulingSwift & Co., Inc. v. Wickham
  188. rulingUnited States v. Romano
  189. rulingHarris v. United States
  190. war+Vietnam War
  191. rulingSouth Carolina v. Katzenbach
  192. rulingHarper v. Virginia Board of Elections
  193. rulingMiranda v. Arizona
  194. lawFreedom of Information Act
  195. agency+United States Department of Transportation
  196. rulingSpevack v. Klein
  197. rulingKeyishian v. Board of Regents of the University of the State of New York
  198. amendmentPresidential succession and disability
  199. rulingAfroyim v. Rusk
  200. rulingWarden v. Hayden
  201. rulingCamara v. Municipal Court of the City and County of San Francisco
  202. rulingLoving v. Virginia
  203. rulingBerger v. New York
  204. justiceThurgood Marshall — Associate Justice
  205. rulingUnited States v. Robel
  206. rulingKatz v. United States
  207. rulingMarchetti v. United States
  208. rulingGrosso v. United States
  209. rulingHaynes v. United States
  210. rulingUnited States v. Jackson
  211. lawCivil Rights Act of 1968
  212. rulingPeyton v. Rowe
  213. rulingBruton v. United States
  214. rulingDuncan v. Louisiana
  215. rulingCarafas v. Lavallee
  216. rulingTerry v. Ohio
  217. rulingLee v. Florida
  218. rulingJones v. Alfred H. Mayer Co.
  219. presidentRichard Milhous Nixon takes office
  220. rulingTinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District
  221. rulingMoore v. Ogilvie
  222. rulingLeary v. United States
  223. rulingO'Callahan v. Parker
  224. rulingBrandenburg v. Ohio
  225. rulingLear, Inc. v. Adkins
  226. justiceWarren Earl Burger — Chief Justice
  227. rulingChimel v. California
  228. rulingBenton v. Maryland
  229. war+Cambodian Civil War
  230. lawNational Environmental Policy Act
  231. rulingTurner v. United States
  232. rulingAshe v. Swenson
  233. justiceHarry Andrew Blackmun — Associate Justice
  234. rulingSchacht v. United States
  235. rulingBoys Markets, Inc. v. Retail Clerks Union
  236. rulingPrice v. Georgia
  237. rulingMoragne v. States Marine Lines, Inc.
  238. rulingWilliams v. Florida
  239. rulingOregon v. Mitchell
  240. lawOccupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA)
  241. war powersGulf of Tonkin Resolution repealed
  242. rulingBlount v. Rizzi
  243. rulingUnited States v. United States Coin & Currency
  244. rulingSwann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education
  245. rulingBlonder-Tongue Laboratories, Inc. v. University of Illinois Foundation
  246. rulingPerez v. Campbell
  247. rulingGriffin v. Breckenridge
  248. rulingLemon v. Kurtzman
  249. rulingTilton v. Richardson
  250. rulingNew York Times Co. v. United States
  251. agency−United States Post Office Department
  252. amendmentVoting age lowered to 18
  253. justiceLewis Franklin Powell, Jr. — Associate Justice
  254. justiceWilliam Hubbs Rehnquist — Associate Justice
  255. rulingDunn v. Blumstein
  256. rulingIllinois v. City of Milwaukee
  257. rulingAndrews v. Louisville & Nashville Railroad Co.
  258. rulingFurman v. Georgia
  259. lawClean Water Act
  260. presidentRichard Milhous Nixon takes office
  261. rulingRoe v. Wade
  262. rulingLehnhausen v. Lake Shore Auto Parts Co.
  263. rulingBraden v. 30th Judicial Circuit Court of Kentucky
  264. war−Vietnam War
  265. rulingFrontiero v. Richardson
  266. rulingMiller v. California
  267. rulingUnited States Department of Agriculture v. Murry
  268. rulingUnited States Department of Agriculture v. Moreno
  269. war−Laotian Civil War
  270. war powersWar Powers Resolution
  271. lawWar Powers Resolution
  272. rulingNorth Dakota State Board of Pharmacy v. Snyder's Drug Stores, Inc.
  273. lawEndangered Species Act of 1973
  274. war−Cambodian Civil War
  275. rulingEdelman v. Jordan
  276. rulingMitchell v. W. T. Grant Co.
  277. rulingJimenez v. Weinberger
  278. rulingUnited States v. Nixon
  279. presidentGerald Rudolph Ford Jr. takes office
  280. rulingTaylor v. Louisiana
  281. rulingWeinberger v. Wiesenfeld
  282. rulingUnited States v. Reliable Transfer Co., Inc.
  283. justiceJohn Paul Stevens — Associate Justice
  284. rulingMichelin Tire Corp. v. Wages
  285. rulingBuckley v. Valeo
  286. rulingHudgens v. National Labor Relations Board
  287. rulingVirginia State Board of Pharmacy v. Virginia Citizens Consumer Council, Inc.
  288. rulingHampton v. Mow Sun Wong
  289. rulingNational League of Cities v. Usery
  290. rulingLodge 76 v. Wisconsin Employment Relations Commission
  291. rulingCity of New Orleans v. Dukes
  292. rulingGregg v. Georgia
  293. rulingCraig v. Boren
  294. rulingOregon ex rel. State Land Board v. Corvallis Sand & Gravel Co.
  295. presidentJames Earl Carter takes office
  296. rulingCalifano v. Goldfarb
  297. rulingComplete Auto Transit, Inc. v. Brady
  298. rulingContinental T.V., Inc. v. GTE Sylvania Inc.
  299. rulingWainwright v. Sykes
  300. rulingShaffer v. Heitner
  301. agency+United States Department of Energy
  302. rulingDepartment of Revenue of Washington v. Association of Washington Stevedoring Companies
  303. rulingMarshall v. Barlow's, Inc.
  304. rulingMonell v. Department of Social Services of the City of New York
  305. rulingBurks v. United States
  306. rulingUnited States v. Scott
  307. rulingRegents of the University of California v. Bakke
  308. rulingDuren v. Missouri
  309. rulingHughes v. Oklahoma
  310. rulingCalifano v. Westcott
  311. agency+United States Department of Education
  312. rulingTrammel v. United States
  313. agency−United States Department of Health, Education, and Welfare
  314. agency+United States Department of Health and Human Services
  315. rulingUnited States v. Salvucci
  316. rulingThomas v. Washington Gas Light Co.
  317. rulingUnited States v. Will
  318. presidentRonald Wilson Reagan takes office
  319. rulingCommonwealth Edison Co. v. Montana
  320. justiceSandra Day O'Connor — Associate Justice
  321. rulingRailway Labor Executives' Assn. v. Gibbons
  322. rulingUnited States v. Ross
  323. rulingNorthern Pipeline Construction Co. v. Marathon Pipe Line Co.
  324. rulingSporhase v. Nebraska ex rel. Douglas
  325. war+Lebanese Civil War (Multinational Force)
  326. rulingUnited States v. Grace
  327. rulingBob Jones University v. United States
  328. rulingIllinois v. Gates
  329. rulingImmigration and Naturalization Service v. Chadha
  330. rulingBolger v. Youngs Drug Products Corp.
  331. rulingMichigan v. Long
  332. war powersMultinational Force in Lebanon Resolution
  333. war+Invasion of Grenada
  334. war−Invasion of Grenada
  335. rulingPennhurst State School and Hospital v. Halderman
  336. rulingUnited States v. One Assortment of 89 Firearms
  337. rulingLimbach v. Hooven & Allison Co.
  338. rulingCopperweld Corp. v. Independence Tube Corp.
  339. rulingChevron U. S. A. Inc. v. Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc.
  340. rulingFederal Communications Commission v. League of Women Voters of California
  341. rulingRegan v. Time, Inc.
  342. war−Lebanese Civil War (Multinational Force)
  343. presidentRonald Wilson Reagan takes office
  344. rulingGarcia v. San Antonio Metropolitan Transit Authority
  345. rulingFederal Election Commission v. National Conservative Political Action Committee
  346. rulingUnited States v. Miller
  347. rulingAguilar v. Felton
  348. rulingDaniels v. Williams
  349. rulingUnited States v. Lane
  350. rulingBatson v. Kentucky
  351. rulingBowsher v. Synar
  352. justiceWilliam Hubbs Rehnquist — Chief Justice
  353. justiceAntonin Scalia — Associate Justice
  354. lawTax Reform Act of 1986
  355. lawImmigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 (Simpson-Mazzoli Act)
  356. rulingFederal Election Commission v. Massachusetts Citizens for Life, Inc.
  357. rulingHodel v. Irving
  358. rulingPuerto Rico v. Branstad
  359. rulingTyler Pipe Industries, Inc. v. Washington State Department of Revenue
  360. rulingSolorio v. United States
  361. rulingWelch v. Texas Department of Highways and Public Transportation
  362. justiceAnthony McLeod Kennedy — Associate Justice
  363. rulingGulfstream Aerospace Corporation v. Mayacamas Corporation
  364. rulingBoos v. Marion S. Barry, Jr.
  365. rulingSouth Carolina v. Baker
  366. rulingMorrison v. Olson
  367. presidentGeorge Herbert Walker Bush takes office
  368. agency+United States Department of Veterans Affairs
  369. rulingThornburgh v. Abbott
  370. rulingRodriguez de Quijas v. Shearson/American Express, Inc.
  371. rulingAlabama v. Smith
  372. rulingHealy v. The Beer Institute
  373. rulingTexas v. Johnson
  374. rulingSable Communications of California, Inc. v. Federal Communications Commission
  375. war+Invasion of Panama
  376. war−Invasion of Panama
  377. rulingW. S. Kirkpatrick & Co., Inc. v. Environmental Tectonics Corp.
  378. rulingUnited States v. Shawn D. Eichman
  379. rulingCollins v. Youngblood
  380. lawAmericans with Disabilities Act of 1990
  381. justiceDavid Hackett Souter — Associate Justice
  382. war powersAuthorization for Use of Military Force Against Iraq
  383. war+Gulf War
  384. war−Gulf War
  385. rulingArizona v. Fulminante
  386. rulingCalifornia v. Acevedo
  387. rulingExxon Corporation v. Central Gulf Lines, Inc.
  388. rulingMetropolitan Washington Airports Authority v. Citizens for the Abatement of Aircraft Noise, Inc.
  389. rulingColeman v. Thompson
  390. rulingPervis Tyrone Payne v. Tennessee
  391. justiceClarence Thomas — Associate Justice
  392. rulingJ. C. Keeney v. Tamayo-Reyes
  393. amendmentCongressional pay changes
  394. rulingQuill Corporation v. North Dakota by and Through Its Tax Commissioner
  395. rulingNew York v. United States
  396. rulingPlanned Parenthood of Southeastern Pennsylvania v. Casey
  397. presidentWilliam Jefferson Clinton takes office
  398. rulingUnited States v. Dixon
  399. justiceRuth Bader Ginsburg — Associate Justice
  400. rulingNichols v. United States
  401. rulingDirector v. Greenwich Collieries
  402. justiceStephen Gerald Breyer — Associate Justice
  403. rulingUnited States v. National Treasury Employees Union
  404. rulingEd Plaut v. Spendthrift Farm, Inc.
  405. rulingRubin v. Coors Brewing Company
  406. rulingUnited States v. Alfonso Lopez, Jr.
  407. rulingHubbard v. United States
  408. rulingU.S. Term Limits, Inc. v. Ray Thornton
  409. rulingAdarand Constructors, Inc. v. Federico Pena
  410. rulingUnited States v. Gaudin
  411. lawTelecommunications Act of 1996
  412. rulingFulton Corporation v. Janice H. Faulkner
  413. rulingSeminole Tribe of Florida v. Florida
  414. rulingInc. v. Rhode Island and Rhode Island Liquor Stores Association
  415. rulingUnited States v. International Business Machines Corporation
  416. rulingLewis v. Fletcher Casey, Jr.
  417. rulingColorado Republican Federal Campaign Committee and Douglas Jones v. Federal Election Commission
  418. rulingDenver Area Educational Telecommunications Consortium, Inc. v. Federal Communications Commission
  419. lawPersonal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996
  420. presidentWilliam Jefferson Clinton takes office
  421. rulingBabbitt v. Marvin K. Youpee, Sr.
  422. rulingClinton v. Paula Corbin Jones
  423. rulingRachel Agostini v. Betty-Louise Felton
  424. rulingCity of Boerne v. P. F. Flores
  425. rulingReno v. American Civil Liberties Union
  426. rulingJay Printz v. United States
  427. rulingState Oil Company v. Barkat U. Khan and Khan & Associates, Inc.
  428. rulingHudson v. United States
  429. rulingC. Elvin Feltner, Jr. v. Columbia Pictures Television, Inc.
  430. rulingUnited States v. United States Shoe Corporation
  431. rulingArnold F. Hohn v. United States
  432. rulingUnited States v. Hosep Krikor Bajakajian
  433. rulingClinton v. City of New York
  434. rulingEastern Enterprises v. Apfel
  435. war+Kosovo War
  436. rulingMinnesota v. Mille Lacs Band of Chippewa Indians
  437. rulingGreater New Orleans Broadcasting Association, Inc. v. United States
  438. rulingFlorida Prepaid Postsecondary Education Expense Board v. College Savings Bank and United States
  439. rulingCollege Savings Bank v. Florida Prepaid Postsecondary Education Expense Board
  440. rulingAlden v. Maine
  441. war−Kosovo War
  442. rulingJ. Daniel Kimel, Jr. v. Florida Board of Regents
  443. rulingUnited States v. Morrison
  444. rulingUnited States v. Playboy Entertainment Group, Inc.
  445. rulingDickerson v. United States
  446. rulingGuy Mitchell v. Helms
  447. rulingBush v. Gore
  448. presidentGeorge Walker Bush takes office
  449. rulingBoard of Trustees of the University of Alabama v. Garrett
  450. rulingLegal Services Corporation v. Carmen Velazquez
  451. rulingUnited States v. Hatter
  452. rulingUnited States and Department of Agriculture v. United Foods, Inc.
  453. war+War against al-Qaida
  454. war powersAuthorization for Use of Military Force (2001)
  455. war+Invasion of Afghanistan
  456. lawUniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism (USA PATRIOT ACT) Act of 2001
  457. war−Invasion of Afghanistan
  458. lawNo Child Left Behind Act of 2001
  459. rulingAshcroft v. The Free Speech Coalition
  460. rulingTommy G. Thompson v. Western States Medical Center
  461. rulingLapides v. Board of Regents of the University System of Georgia
  462. rulingUnited States v. Cotton
  463. rulingDaryl Renard Atkins v. Virginia
  464. rulingRing v. Arizona
  465. lawSarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
  466. war powersAuthorization for Use of Military Force Against Iraq (2002)
  467. agency+United States Department of Homeland Security
  468. lawHomeland Security Act of 2002
  469. war+War in Afghanistan (Taliban insurgency)
  470. war+Invasion of Iraq
  471. war−Invasion of Iraq
  472. rulingGrutter v. Lee Bollinger
  473. rulingLawrence v. Texas
  474. lawMedicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act of 2003
  475. rulingMitch McConnell v. Federal Election Commission
  476. war+Iraq: insurgency and war against IS
  477. rulingCrawford v. Washington
  478. rulingHamdi v. Rumsfeld
  479. rulingUnited States v. Freddie J. Booker
  480. presidentGeorge Walker Bush takes office
  481. rulingRoper v. Simmons
  482. rulingSusette Kelo v. City of New London
  483. justiceJohn Glover Roberts, Jr. — Chief Justice
  484. rulingCentral Virginia Community College v. Katz
  485. justiceSamuel A. Alito, Jr. — Associate Justice
  486. rulingIllinois Tool Works Inc. v. Independent Ink, Inc.
  487. rulingSalim Ahmed Hamdan v. Rumsfeld
  488. rulingMassachusetts v. Environmental Protection Agency
  489. rulingAlberto R. Gonzales v. Leroy Carhart
  490. rulingBell Atlantic Corporation v. Twombly
  491. rulingBowles v. Russell
  492. rulingFederal Election Commission v. Wisconsin Right to Life, Inc.
  493. rulingParents Involved in Community Schools v. Seattle School District No. 1
  494. rulingLeegin Creative Leather Products, Inc. v. PSKS, Inc.
  495. rulingBoumediene v. Bush
  496. rulingDistrict of Columbia v. Heller
  497. rulingDavis v. FEC
  498. lawEmergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008
  499. war+Yemen: Houthis and AQAP
  500. presidentBarack Hussein Obama takes office
  501. rulingCordell Pearson v. Afton Callahan
  502. lawAmerican Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009
  503. rulingMontejo v. Louisiana
  504. justiceSonia Sotomayor — Associate Justice
  505. rulingCitizens United v. Federal Election Commission
  506. lawPatient Protection and Affordable Care Act
  507. rulingUnited States v. Stevens
  508. rulingFree Enterprise Fund and Beckstead and Watts v. Public Company Accounting Oversight Board
  509. rulingOtis McDonald v. City of Chicago
  510. lawDodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act
  511. justiceElena Kagan — Associate Justice
  512. rulingPepper v. United States
  513. rulingBond v. United States
  514. rulingStern v. Elaine T. Marshall
  515. war−Iraq: insurgency and war against IS
  516. rulingHosanna-Tabor Evangelical Lutheran Church and School v. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
  517. rulingColeman v. Court of Appeals of Maryland
  518. rulingUnited States v. Xavier Alvarez
  519. rulingNational Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius
  520. presidentBarack Hussein Obama takes office
  521. rulingAlleyne v. United States
  522. rulingAgency for International Development v. Alliance for Open Society International, Inc.
  523. rulingShelby County v. Holder
  524. rulingUnited States v. Windsor
  525. rulingMcCutcheon v. FEC
  526. war+Iraq: insurgency and war against IS
  527. war−Yemen: Houthis and AQAP
  528. war+Somalia: al-Shabaab
  529. war+Afghanistan: Islamic State
  530. rulingZivotofsky v. Kerry
  531. rulingHorne v. Department of Agriculture
  532. rulingKing v. Burwell
  533. rulingJohnson v. United States
  534. rulingObergefell v. Hodges
  535. war+Libya: Islamic State
  536. rulingHurst v. Florida
  537. war+Niger: Islamic State
  538. presidentDonald J. Trump takes office
  539. justiceNeil M. Gorsuch — Associate Justice
  540. rulingSessions v. Morales-Santana
  541. rulingMatal v. Tam
  542. war−War against al-Qaida
  543. lawTax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017
  544. rulingSessions v. Dimaya
  545. rulingMurphy v. National Collegiate Athletic Association
  546. rulingSouth Dakota v. Wayfair
  547. rulingTrump v. Hawaii
  548. rulingJanus v. American Federation of State
  549. justiceBrett M. Kavanaugh — Associate Justice
  550. war+Kenya: al-Shabaab
  551. rulingFranchise Tax Board of California v. Hyatt
  552. rulingHerrera v. Wyoming
  553. war+Somalia: Islamic State
  554. rulingKnick v. Township of Scott
  555. rulingIancu v. Brunetti
  556. rulingUnited States v. Davis
  557. rulingUnited States v. Haymond
  558. rulingRucho v. Common Cause
  559. war+War against al-Qaida
  560. war−War against al-Qaida
  561. war−Libya: Islamic State
  562. war+Iran–Israel conflict
  563. rulingAllen v. Cooper
  564. lawCoronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act
  565. rulingRamos v. Louisiana
  566. rulingBostock v. Clayton County
  567. rulingSeila Law LLC v. Consumer Financial Protection Bureau
  568. rulingBarr v. American Association of Political Consultants Inc.
  569. justiceAmy Coney Barrett — Associate Justice
  570. presidentJoseph Robinette Biden Jr. takes office
  571. lawAmerican Rescue Plan Act of 2021
  572. rulingEdwards v. Vannoy
  573. rulingUnited States v. Arthrex Inc.
  574. rulingCollins v. Yellen
  575. war−War in Afghanistan (Taliban insurgency)
  576. war−Afghanistan: Islamic State
  577. lawInfrastructure Investment and Jobs Act
  578. war+Niger: JNIM
  579. war−Somalia: Islamic State
  580. war−Kenya: al-Shabaab
  581. justiceKetanji Brown Jackson — Associate Justice
  582. rulingFederal Election Commission v. Ted Cruz for Senate
  583. rulingShinn v. Ramirez
  584. rulingSiegel v. Fitzgerald
  585. rulingNew York State Rifle & Pistol Association Inc. v. Bruen
  586. rulingDobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization
  587. rulingKennedy v. Bremerton School District
  588. rulingWest Virginia v. Environmental Protection Agency
  589. lawCHIPS and Science Act or Creating Helpful Incentives to Produce Semiconductors for America Act
  590. lawInflation Reduction Act of 2022
  591. war−Niger: JNIM
  592. war−Niger: Islamic State
  593. rulingAllen v. Milligan
  594. rulingStudents for Fair Admissions Inc. v. President & Fellows of Harvard College
  595. rulingBiden v. Nebraska
  596. war+Red Sea: the Houthis (Yemen)
  597. rulingTrump v. Anderson
  598. rulingSecurities and Exchange Commission v. Jarkesy
  599. rulingLoper Bright Enterprises v. Raimondo
  600. rulingTrump v. United States