How did the United States change between and ?

Pick two dates. See the laws, the executive orders, the courts, Congress, federal agencies, the Constitution and the budget, as a diff.

Trump II so farBiden termTrump I termObama termSince 9/11Since ReaganPostwar → now
civicdiff.com/1921-03-04...1923-08-01 · 2.4 years json
18 files changed, 646 insertions(+), 505 deletions(−)
Laws enacted
+53
major laws · full counts from 1973
Executive orders
—
records start in 1994
Final rules
—
records start in 1994
Supreme Court
4 of 9
seats changed hands
Agencies
+2 −0
departments & tracked agencies
Public debt
−$3.6B
$26.0B → $22.3B

The presidency passed from Woodrow Wilson to Warren Gamaliel Harding. 20 senators and 0 representatives took seats that they did not hold before. 4 new justices joined the Supreme Court.

Executive5 files+16−11

executive/presidentThe presidency
+1−1National Archives ↗
Woodrow Wilson D
28th president
Warren Gamaliel Harding R
29th president · took office Mar 4, 1921
executive/vice-presidentThe vice presidency
+1−1Senate Historical Office ↗
Thomas Riley Marshall D
Calvin Coolidge R
took office Mar 4, 1921
executive/cabinetCabinet & senior officials
+12−9Wikidata ↗
Secretary of State
Bainbridge Colby R
Charles Evans Hughes R
Secretary of the Treasury
Andrew W. Mellon R
Secretary of War
John W. Weeks R
Attorney General
Alexander Mitchell Palmer D
Harry Micajah Daugherty R
Postmaster General · 3 people took this office in between
Albert Sidney Burleson D
Harry Stewart New R
Secretary of the Navy
Josephus Daniels D
Edwin Denby R
Show 4 more cabinet offices
Secretary of the Interior · 2 people took this office in between
John Barton Payne D
Hubert Work R
Secretary of Commerce
office did not exist
Herbert Hoover R
Secretary of Labor
William Bauchop Wilson D
vacant on Aug 1, 1923
next: Frances Perkins D · Mar 4, 1933
Director of the Office of Management and Budget · 2 people took this office in between
office did not exist
Herbert Mayhew Lord R
Other senior officials (3 changed)
Postmaster General · 3 people took this office in between
Albert Sidney Burleson D
Harry Stewart New R
Secretary of the Navy
Josephus Daniels D
Edwin Denby R
Chair of the Federal Reserve
William P. G. Harding
Daniel Richard Crissinger D
1 offices unchanged
Solicitor General: William Howard Taft R
executive/ordersExecutive orders
no dataFederal Register API ↗
Federal Register records of executive orders begin in 1994.
executive/agenciesFederal agencies
+2Wikidata ↗
91 → 93 tracked organizations · 10 → 10 executive departments
American Battle Monuments Commission
established Jan 1, 1923 · United States independent agency
Judicial Conference of the United States
established Jan 1, 1922 · United States senior judicial commission that frames policy guidelines for administration of judicial courts
Agency start and end dates come from Wikidata, which covers smaller bureaus unevenly.

Military1 file±0

military/conflictsArmed conflicts
±0UCDP/PRIO Armed Conflict Dataset ↗
U.S. in 0 armed conflicts → 0
The U.S. was not a party to any armed conflict in this window (conflict records start in 1946).
An armed conflict here means at least 25 battle deaths in a year, with U.S. forces as a party or fighting for a government (UCDP's definition). Air strikes, raids, and advisory missions below that threshold aren't included. UN peacekeeping missions are excluded.

Legislative4 files+73−488

legislative/controlControl of Congress
1 changeHouse History / Senate Historical Office ↗
Top: House · Bottom: Senate DemocraticRepublicanOther
66th Congress → 68th Congress · 2 new Congresses elected
1 change of chamber control along the way
House: Republican majority
237 R · 194 D
House: null majority
Senate: Republican majority on both dates
49 R · 46 D → 40 R · 22 D
legislative/senateSenate
+20−53congress-legislators ↗
Mar 4, 1921 · 49 R · 46 D
Oscar Wilder Underwood (Democrat, AL)James Thomas Heflin (Democrat, AL)William Fosgate Kirby (Democrat, AR)Joseph Taylor Robinson (Democrat, AR)Marcus Aurelius Smith (Democrat, AZ)Henry Fountain Ashurst (Democrat, AZ)James Duval Phelan (Democrat, CA)Charles Spalding Thomas (Democrat, CO)Josiah Oliver Wolcott (Democrat, DE)Duncan Upshaw Fletcher (Democrat, FL)Park Trammell (Democrat, FL)Hoke Smith (Democrat, GA)William Julius Harris (Democrat, GA)John Crepps Wickliffe Beckham (Democrat, KY)Augustus Owsley Stanley (Democrat, KY)Edward James Gay (Democrat, LA)Joseph Eugene Ransdell (Democrat, LA)David Ignatius Walsh (Democrat, MA)John Walter Smith (Democrat, MD)James Alexander Reed (Democrat, MO)John Sharp Williams (Democrat, MS)Byron Patton Harrison (Democrat, MS)Henry Lee Myers (Democrat, MT)Thomas James Walsh (Democrat, MT)Lee Slater Overman (Democrat, NC)Furnifold McLendel Simmons (Democrat, NC)Gilbert Monell Hitchcock (Democrat, NE)Andrieus Aristieus Jones (Democrat, NM)Key Pittman (Democrat, NV)Charles Belknap Henderson (Democrat, NV)Atlee Pomerene (Democrat, OH)Thomas Pryor Gore (Democrat, OK)Robert Latham Owen (Democrat, OK)George Earle Chamberlain (Democrat, OR)Peter Goelet Gerry (Democrat, RI)Ellison DuRant Smith (Democrat, SC)Nathaniel Barksdale Dial (Democrat, SC)Edwin Stockton Johnson (Democrat, SD)Kenneth Douglas McKellar (Democrat, TN)John Knight Shields (Democrat, TN)Charles Allen Culberson (Democrat, TX)Morris Sheppard (Democrat, TX)William Henry King (Democrat, UT)Claude Augustus Swanson (Democrat, VA)Carter Glass (Democrat, VA)John Benjamin Kendrick (Democrat, WY)Hiram Warren Johnson (Republican, CA)Lawrence Cowle Phipps (Republican, CO)Frank Bosworth Brandegee (Republican, CT)George Payne McLean (Republican, CT)Lewis Heisler Ball (Republican, DE)Albert Baird Cummins (Republican, IA)William Squire Kenyon (Republican, IA)William Edgar Borah (Republican, ID)Lawrence Yates Sherman (Republican, IL)Joseph Medill McCormick (Republican, IL)James Eli Watson (Republican, IN)Harry Stewart New (Republican, IN)Charles Curtis (Republican, KS)Arthur Capper (Republican, KS)Henry Cabot Lodge (Republican, MA)Joseph Irvin France (Republican, MD)Frederick Hale (Republican, ME)Bert Manfred Fernald (Republican, ME)Charles Elroy Townsend (Republican, MI)Truman Handy Newberry (Republican, MI)Frank Billings Kellogg (Republican, MN)Knute Nelson (Republican, MN)Selden Palmer Spencer (Republican, MO)Asle Jorgenson Gronna (Republican, ND)Porter James McCumber (Republican, ND)George William Norris (Republican, NE)George Higgins Moses (Republican, NH)Henry Wilder Keyes (Republican, NH)Joseph Sherman Frelinghuysen (Republican, NJ)Walter Evans Edge (Republican, NJ)Albert Bacon Fall (Republican, NM)James Wolcott Wadsworth Jr. (Republican, NY)William Musgrave Calder (Republican, NY)Warren Gamaliel Harding (Republican, OH)Charles Linza McNary (Republican, OR)Boies Penrose (Republican, PA)Philander Chase Knox (Republican, PA)LeBaron Bradford Colt (Republican, RI)Thomas Sterling (Republican, SD)Reed Smoot (Republican, UT)William Paul Dillingham (Republican, VT)Carroll Smalley Page (Republican, VT)Wesley Livsey Jones (Republican, WA)Miles Poindexter (Republican, WA)Robert Marion La Follette (Republican, WI)Irvine Luther Lenroot (Republican, WI)Howard Sutherland (Republican, WV)Davis Elkins (Republican, WV)Francis Emroy Warren (Republican, WY)
Aug 1, 1923 · 40 R · 22 D
James Thomas Heflin (Democrat, AL)Oscar Wilder Underwood (Democrat, AL)Joseph Taylor Robinson (Democrat, AR)Thaddeus Horatius Caraway (Democrat, AR)Alva Blanchard Adams (Democrat, CO)Duncan Upshaw Fletcher (Democrat, FL)William Julius Harris (Democrat, GA)Walter Franklin George (Democrat, GA)Augustus Owsley Stanley (Democrat, KY)Joseph Eugene Ransdell (Democrat, LA)Edwin Sidney Broussard (Democrat, LA)David Ignatius Walsh (Democrat, MA)Byron Patton Harrison (Democrat, MS)Thomas James Walsh (Democrat, MT)Furnifold McLendel Simmons (Democrat, NC)Lee Slater Overman (Democrat, NC)Robert Latham Owen (Democrat, OK)Nathaniel Barksdale Dial (Democrat, SC)Ellison DuRant Smith (Democrat, SC)John Knight Shields (Democrat, TN)Morris Sheppard (Democrat, TX)Carter Glass (Democrat, VA)Ralph Henry Cameron (Republican, AZ)Samuel Morgan Shortridge (Republican, CA)Lawrence Cowle Phipps (Republican, CO)Frank Bosworth Brandegee (Republican, CT)Lewis Heisler Ball (Republican, DE)Albert Baird Cummins (Republican, IA)Smith Wildman Brookhart (Republican, IA)William Edgar Borah (Republican, ID)Frank Robert Gooding (Republican, ID)Joseph Medill McCormick (Republican, IL)William Brown McKinley (Republican, IL)James Eli Watson (Republican, IN)Arthur Capper (Republican, KS)Charles Curtis (Republican, KS)Richard Pretlow Ernst (Republican, KY)Ovington Eugene Weller (Republican, MD)Bert Manfred Fernald (Republican, ME)James Couzens (Republican, MI)Selden Palmer Spencer (Republican, MO)Edwin Freemont Ladd (Republican, ND)George William Norris (Republican, NE)Henry Wilder Keyes (Republican, NH)George Higgins Moses (Republican, NH)Walter Evans Edge (Republican, NJ)Holm Olaf Bursum (Republican, NM)Tasker Lowndes Oddie (Republican, NV)James Wolcott Wadsworth Jr. (Republican, NY)Frank Bartlett Willis (Republican, OH)John William Harreld (Republican, OK)Charles Linza McNary (Republican, OR)Robert Nelson Stanfield (Republican, OR)George Wharton Pepper (Republican, PA)LeBaron Bradford Colt (Republican, RI)Thomas Sterling (Republican, SD)Peter Norbeck (Republican, SD)Reed Smoot (Republican, UT)Wesley Livsey Jones (Republican, WA)Irvine Luther Lenroot (Republican, WI)Davis Elkins (Republican, WV)Francis Emroy Warren (Republican, WY)
20 new members · 53 departed · 42 served on both dates · women 0 → 0 · median age 59 → 59
8 seats changed party
Marcus Aurelius Smith D
Arizona seat
Ralph Henry Cameron R
Arizona seat
John Crepps Wickliffe Beckham D
Kentucky seat
Richard Pretlow Ernst R
Kentucky seat
Thomas Pryor Gore D
Oklahoma seat
John William Harreld R
Oklahoma seat
George Earle Chamberlain D
Oregon seat
Robert Nelson Stanfield R
Oregon seat
Show 4 more seat flips
John Walter Smith D
Maryland seat
Ovington Eugene Weller R
Maryland seat
Charles Belknap Henderson D
Nevada seat
Tasker Lowndes Oddie R
Nevada seat
James Duval Phelan D
California seat
Samuel Morgan Shortridge R
California seat
Edwin Stockton Johnson D
South Dakota seat
Peter Norbeck R
South Dakota seat
Who joined and who left (20 in · 53 out)
Thaddeus Horatius Caraway D
Arkansas
Ralph Henry Cameron R
Arizona
Samuel Morgan Shortridge R
California
Alva Blanchard Adams D
Colorado
Walter Franklin George D
Georgia
Smith Wildman Brookhart R
Iowa
Frank Robert Gooding R
Idaho
William Brown McKinley R
Illinois
Richard Pretlow Ernst R
Kentucky
Edwin Sidney Broussard D
Louisiana
Ovington Eugene Weller R
Maryland
James Couzens R
Michigan
Edwin Freemont Ladd R
North Dakota
Holm Olaf Bursum R
New Mexico
Tasker Lowndes Oddie R
Nevada
Frank Bartlett Willis R
Ohio
John William Harreld R
Oklahoma
Robert Nelson Stanfield R
Oregon
George Wharton Pepper R
Pennsylvania
Peter Norbeck R
South Dakota
William Fosgate Kirby D
Arkansas
Marcus Aurelius Smith D
Arizona
Henry Fountain Ashurst D
Arizona
James Duval Phelan D
California
Hiram Warren Johnson R
California
Charles Spalding Thomas D
Colorado
George Payne McLean R
Connecticut
Josiah Oliver Wolcott D
Delaware
Park Trammell D
Florida
Hoke Smith D
Georgia
William Squire Kenyon R
Iowa
Lawrence Yates Sherman R
Illinois
Harry Stewart New R
Indiana
John Crepps Wickliffe Beckham D
Kentucky
Edward James Gay D
Louisiana
Henry Cabot Lodge R
Massachusetts
John Walter Smith D
Maryland
Joseph Irvin France R
Maryland
Frederick Hale R
Maine
Charles Elroy Townsend R
Michigan
Truman Handy Newberry R
Michigan
Frank Billings Kellogg R
Minnesota
Knute Nelson R
Minnesota
James Alexander Reed D
Missouri
John Sharp Williams D
Mississippi
Henry Lee Myers D
Montana
Asle Jorgenson Gronna R
North Dakota
Porter James McCumber R
North Dakota
Gilbert Monell Hitchcock D
Nebraska
Joseph Sherman Frelinghuysen R
New Jersey
Andrieus Aristieus Jones D
New Mexico
Albert Bacon Fall R
New Mexico
Key Pittman D
Nevada
Charles Belknap Henderson D
Nevada
William Musgrave Calder R
New York
Warren Gamaliel Harding R
Ohio
Atlee Pomerene D
Ohio
Thomas Pryor Gore D
Oklahoma
George Earle Chamberlain D
Oregon
Boies Penrose R
Pennsylvania
Philander Chase Knox R
Pennsylvania
Peter Goelet Gerry D
Rhode Island
Edwin Stockton Johnson D
South Dakota
Kenneth Douglas McKellar D
Tennessee
Charles Allen Culberson D
Texas
William Henry King D
Utah
Claude Augustus Swanson D
Virginia
William Paul Dillingham R
Vermont
Carroll Smalley Page R
Vermont
Miles Poindexter R
Washington
Robert Marion La Follette R
Wisconsin
Howard Sutherland R
West Virginia
John Benjamin Kendrick D
Wyoming
legislative/houseHouse
−435congress-legislators ↗
Mar 4, 1921 · 237 R · 194 D · 1 U · 1 P · 1 S · 1 UL
John Lawson Burnett (Democrat, AL-7)Stanley Hubert Dent Jr. (Democrat, AL-2)Fred Leonard Blackmon (Democrat, AL-4)Edward Berton Almon (Democrat, AL-8)George Huddleston (Democrat, AL-9)John McDuffie (Democrat, AL-1)William Bacon Oliver (Democrat, AL-6)William Brockman Bankhead (Democrat, AL-10)Henry Bascom Steagall (Democrat, AL-3)William Bismarck Bowling (Democrat, AL-5)William Shields Goodwin (Democrat, AR-7)Henderson Madison Jacoway (Democrat, AR-5)Samuel Mitchell Taylor (Democrat, AR-6)Thaddeus Horatius Caraway (Democrat, AR-1)William Allan Oldfield (Democrat, AR-2)John Newton Tillman (Democrat, AR-3)Otis Theodore Wingo (Democrat, AR-4)Carl Trumbull Hayden (Democrat, AZ-AL)Hugh Steel Hersman (Democrat, CA-8)William Kettner (Democrat, CA-11)John Edward Raker (Democrat, CA-2)Clarence Frederick Lea (Democrat, CA-1)Edward Thomas Taylor (Democrat, CO-4)Augustine Lonergan (Democrat, CT-1)Frank Clark (Democrat, FL-2)John Harris Smithwick (Democrat, FL-3)Herbert Jackson Drane (Democrat, FL-1)William Joseph Sears (Democrat, FL-4)James Whetstone Overstreet (Democrat, GA-1)Frank Park (Democrat, GA-2)James Walter Wise (Democrat, GA-6)Gordon Lee (Democrat, GA-7)William David Upshaw (Democrat, GA-5)Thomas Montgomery Bell (Democrat, GA-9)Charles Robert Crisp (Democrat, GA-3)William Chester Lankford (Democrat, GA-11)William Washington Larsen (Democrat, GA-12)William Carter Wright (Democrat, GA-4)Charles Hillyer Brand (Democrat, GA-8)Carl Vinson (Democrat, GA-10)Thomas Gallagher (Democrat, IL-8)John William Rainey (Democrat, IL-4)Henry Thomas Rainey (Democrat, IL-20)James McAndrews (Democrat, IL-6)Adolph Joachim Sabath (Democrat, IL-5)William Augustus Ayres (Democrat, KS-8)Harvey Helm (Democrat, KY-AL)James Campbell Cantrill (Democrat, KY-7)William Jason Fields (Democrat, KY-9)Ben Johnson (Democrat, KY-4)Arthur Blythe Rouse (Democrat, KY-6)Robert Young Thomas Jr. (Democrat, KY-3)David Hayes Kincheloe (Democrat, KY-2)Alben William Barkley (Democrat, KY-1)Albert Estopinal (Democrat, LA-1)Jared Young Sanders (Democrat, LA-6)John Thomas Watkins (Democrat, LA-4)Henry Garland Dupré (Democrat, LA-2)Ladislas Lazaro (Democrat, LA-7)Whitmell Pugh Martin (Democrat, LA-3)James Benjamin Aswell (Democrat, LA-8)Riley Joseph Wilson (Democrat, LA-5)John Francis Fitzgerald (Democrat, MA-10)Richard Olney (Democrat, MA-14)Michael Francis Phelan (Democrat, MA-7)James Ambrose Gallivan (Democrat, MA-12)Carville Dickinson Benson (Democrat, MD-2)Charles Pearce Coady (Democrat, MD-3)John Charles Linthicum (Democrat, MD-4)Frank Ellsworth Doremus (Democrat, MI-1)Carl Chester Van Dyke (Democrat, MN-4)Joshua Willis Alexander (Democrat, MO-3)William Thomas Bland (Democrat, MO-5)Charles Ferris Booher (Democrat, MO-4)James Beauchamp Clark (Democrat, MO-9)William Leo Igoe (Democrat, MO-11)William Waller Rucker (Democrat, MO-2)Thomas Lewis Rubey (Democrat, MO-16)Samuel Collier Major (Democrat, MO-7)Clement Cabell Dickinson (Democrat, MO-6)William Lester Nelson (Democrat, MO-8)Milton Andrew Romjue (Democrat, MO-1)Ezekiel Samuel Candler Jr. (Democrat, MS-1)William Webb Venable (Democrat, MS-5)Paul Burney Johnson (Democrat, MS-6)Thomas Upton Sisson (Democrat, MS-4)Benjamin Grubb Humphreys (Democrat, MS-3)Hubert Durrett Stephens (Democrat, MS-2)James William Collier (Democrat, MS-8)Percy Edwards Quin (Democrat, MS-7)John Morgan Evans (Democrat, MT-1)Hannibal Lafayette Godwin (Democrat, NC-6)Leonidas Dunlap Robinson (Democrat, NC-7)John Humphrey Small (Democrat, NC-1)Edwin Yates Webb (Democrat, NC-9)Samuel Mitchell Brinson (Democrat, NC-3)Claude Kitchin (Democrat, NC-2)Charles Manly Stedman (Democrat, NC-5)Edward William Pou (Democrat, NC-4)Zebulon Weaver (Democrat, NC-10)Robert Lee Doughton (Democrat, NC-8)James Alphonsus Hamill (Democrat, NJ-12)Cornelius Augustine McGlennon (Democrat, NJ-8)Thomas Joseph Scully (Democrat, NJ-3)John Joseph Eagan (Democrat, NJ-11)Daniel Francis Minahan (Democrat, NJ-9)Charles Robley Evans (Democrat, NV-AL)Charles Pope Caldwell (Democrat, NY-2)Jerome Francis Donovan (Democrat, NY-21)Peter Joseph Dooling (Democrat, NY-15)Henry Mayer Goldfogle (Democrat, NY-12)John Brown Johnston (Democrat, NY-5)James Paul Maher (Democrat, NY-7)Richard Francis McKiniry (Democrat, NY-23)Herbert Claiborne Pell Jr. (Democrat, NY-17)Joseph Rowan (Democrat, NY-19)Thomas Francis Smith (Democrat, NY-16)James Vincent Ganly (Democrat, NY-24)Daniel Joseph Riordan (Democrat, NY-11)William Edward Cleary (Democrat, NY-8)John Francis Carew (Democrat, NY-18)David Joseph O’Connell (Democrat, NY-9)Anthony Jerome Griffin (Democrat, NY-22)Christopher Daniel Sullivan (Democrat, NY-13)James Michael Mead (Democrat, NY-42)Thomas Henry Cullen (Democrat, NY-4)John Joseph Babka (Democrat, OH-21)Clement Laird Brumbaugh (Democrat, OH-12)Warren Gard (Democrat, OH-3)Benjamin Franklin Welty (Democrat, OH-4)Isaac R. Sherwood (Democrat, OH-9)Martin Luther Davey (Democrat, OH-14)Charles Anthony Mooney (Democrat, OH-20)William Albert Ashbrook (Democrat, OH-17)Scott Ferris (Democrat, OK-6)Joseph Bryan Thompson (Democrat, OK-5)Charles David Carter (Democrat, OK-3)Everette Burgess Howard (Democrat, OK-1)William Wirt Hastings (Democrat, OK-2)James Vernon McClintic (Democrat, OK-7)Thomas Deitz McKeown (Democrat, OK-4)Arthur Granville Dewalt (Democrat, PA-13)John Vandling Lesher (Democrat, PA-16)Henry Joseph Steele (Democrat, PA-26)John Haden Wilson (Democrat, PA-22)John Joseph Casey (Democrat, PA-11)Guy Edgar Campbell (Democrat, PA-32)Asbury Francis Lever (Democrat, SC-7)Samuel Jones Nicholls (Democrat, SC-4)James Willard Ragsdale (Democrat, SC-6)Richard Smith Whaley (Democrat, SC-1)Frederick Haskell Dominick (Democrat, SC-3)William Francis Stevenson (Democrat, SC-5)James Francis Byrnes (Democrat, SC-2)Harry Luther Gandy (Democrat, SD-3)John Austin Moon (Democrat, TN-3)Thetus Willrette Sims (Democrat, TN-8)Lemuel Phillips Padgett (Democrat, TN-7)Finis James Garrett (Democrat, TN-9)Hubert Frederick Fisher (Democrat, TN-10)Ewin Lamar Davis (Democrat, TN-5)Cordell Hull (Democrat, TN-4)Joseph Wellington Byrns (Democrat, TN-6)Carlos Bee (Democrat, TX-14)James Clifton Wilson (Democrat, TX-12)James Young (Democrat, TX-3)Rufus Hardy (Democrat, TX-6)Lucian Walton Parrish (Democrat, TX-13)Eugene Black (Democrat, TX-1)John Calvin Box (Democrat, TX-2)Claude Benton Hudspeth (Democrat, TX-16)Clay Stone Briggs (Democrat, TX-7)John Nance Garner (Democrat, TX-15)Thomas Lindsay Blanton (Democrat, TX-17)Joe Henry Eagle (Democrat, TX-8)James Paul Buchanan (Democrat, TX-10)John Marvin Jones (Democrat, TX-18)Hatton William Sumners (Democrat, TX-5)Thomas Terry Connally (Democrat, TX-11)Joseph Jefferson Mansfield (Democrat, TX-9)Samuel Taliaferro Rayburn (Democrat, TX-4)James Henry Mays (Democrat, UT-2)Milton Holmes Welling (Democrat, UT-1)Charles Creighton Carlin (Democrat, VA-AL)Edward Everett Holland (Democrat, VA-2)Edward Watts Saunders (Democrat, VA-5)Walter Allen Watson (Democrat, VA-4)Henry De La Warr Flood (Democrat, VA-10)James Pleasant Woods (Democrat, VA-6)Thomas Walter Harrison (Democrat, VA-7)Robert Walton Moore (Democrat, VA-8)Andrew Jackson Montague (Democrat, VA-3)Schuyler Otis Bland (Democrat, VA-1)Matthew Mansfield Neely (Democrat, WV-1)George Barnes Grigsby (?, AK-AL)Charles Hiram Randall (Prohibitionist, CA-9)William Leighton Carss (Union Labor, MN-8)Victor Luitpold Berger (Socialist, WI-AL)John Arthur Elston (Republican, CA-6)John Ignatius Nolan (Republican, CA-5)Julius Kahn (Republican, CA-4)Henry Zenas Osborne (Republican, CA-10)Charles Forrest Curry (Republican, CA-3)Henry Ellsworth Barbour (Republican, CA-7)William Newell Vaile (Republican, CO-1)Guy Urban Hardy (Republican, CO-3)Charles Bateman Timberlake (Republican, CO-2)James Peter Glynn (Republican, CT-5)Richard Patrick Freeman (Republican, CT-2)John Quillin Tilson (Republican, CT-3)Schuyler Merritt (Republican, CT-4)Caleb Rodney Layton (Republican, DE-AL)Jonah Kuhio Kalanianaole (Republican, HI-AL)Charles Augustus Kennedy (Republican, IA-1)James William Good (Republican, IA-5)Burton Erwin Sweet (Republican, IA-3)Harry Edward Hull (Republican, IA-2)Horace Mann Towner (Republican, IA-8)William Dayton Boies (Republican, IA-11)William Raymond Green (Republican, IA-9)Lester Jesse Dickinson (Republican, IA-10)Gilbert Nelson Haugen (Republican, IA-4)Christian William Ramseyer (Republican, IA-6)Cassius Clay Dowell (Republican, IA-7)Burton Lee French (Republican, ID-1)Addison Taylor Smith (Republican, ID-2)Niels Juul (Republican, IL-7)William Warfield Wilson (Republican, IL-3)Edwin Bruce Brooks (Republican, IL-23)Joseph Gurney Cannon (Republican, IL-18)Ira Clifton Copley (Republican, IL-11)Clifford Cady Ireland (Republican, IL-16)James Robert Mann (Republican, IL-2)William Ernest Mason (Republican, IL-AL)William Brown McKinley (Republican, IL-19)William August Rodenberg (Republican, IL-22)William Johnson Graham (Republican, IL-14)John Charles McKenzie (Republican, IL-13)Charles Eugene Fuller (Republican, IL-12)Loren Edgar Wheeler (Republican, IL-21)Frank Leslie Smith (Republican, IL-17)Edward John King (Republican, IL-15)Martin Barnaby Madden (Republican, IL-1)Edward Everett Denison (Republican, IL-25)Thomas Sutler Williams (Republican, IL-24)Carl Richard Chindblom (Republican, IL-10)Frederick Albert Britten (Republican, IL-9)John Samuel Benham (Republican, IN-4)Oscar Edward Bland (Republican, IN-2)Milton Kraus (Republican, IN-11)Oscar Raymond Luhring (Republican, IN-1)Louis William Fairfield (Republican, IN-12)Merrill Moores (Republican, IN-7)Everett Sanders (Republican, IN-5)James Whitson Dunbar (Republican, IN-3)Richard Nash Elliott (Republican, IN-6)Andrew James Hickey (Republican, IN-13)Fred Sampson Purnell (Republican, IN-9)Albert Henry Vestal (Republican, IN-8)William Robert Wood (Republican, IN-10)Philip Pitt Campbell (Republican, KS-3)Edward Campbell Little (Republican, KS-2)Jasper Napoleon Tincher (Republican, KS-7)Daniel Read Anthony Jr. (Republican, KS-1)Hays Baxter White (Republican, KS-6)Homer Hoch (Republican, KS-4)James George Strong (Republican, KS-5)King Swope (Republican, KY-8)Charles Franklin Ogden (Republican, KY-5)John Wesley Langley (Republican, KY-10)John Marshall Robsion (Republican, KY-11)Alvan Tufts Fuller (Republican, MA-9)Willfred Weymouth Lufkin (Republican, MA-6)Joseph Walsh (Republican, MA-16)William Stedman Greene (Republican, MA-15)Calvin DeWitt Paige (Republican, MA-3)Samuel Ellsworth Winslow (Republican, MA-4)Frederick Huntington Gillett (Republican, MA-2)John Jacob Rogers (Republican, MA-5)Frederick William Dallinger (Republican, MA-8)Robert Luce (Republican, MA-13)George Holden Tinkham (Republican, MA-11)Allen Towner Treadway (Republican, MA-1)William Noble Andrews (Republican, MD-1)Sydney Emanuel Mudd (Republican, MD-5)Frederick Nicholas Zihlman (Republican, MD-6)Louis Bertrand Goodall (Republican, ME-1)John Andrew Peters (Republican, ME-3)Ira Greenlief Hersey (Republican, ME-4)Wallace Humphrey White Jr. (Republican, ME-2)Gilbert Archibald Currie (Republican, MI-10)Edward La Rue Hamilton (Republican, MI-4)Charles Archibald Nichols (Republican, MI-13)Joseph Warren Fordney (Republican, MI-8)Patrick Henry Kelley (Republican, MI-6)John M. C. Smith (Republican, MI-3)Frank Douglas Scott (Republican, MI-11)Louis Convers Cramton (Republican, MI-7)James Campbell McLaughlin (Republican, MI-9)William Francis James (Republican, MI-12)Carl Edgar Mapes (Republican, MI-5)Earl Cory Michener (Republican, MI-2)Franklin Fowler Ellsworth (Republican, MN-2)Halvor Steenerson (Republican, MN-9)Andrew John Volstead (Republican, MN-7)Sydney Anderson (Republican, MN-1)Charles Russell Davis (Republican, MN-3)Walter Hughes Newton (Republican, MN-5)Thomas David Schall (Republican, MN-10)Harold Knutson (Republican, MN-6)Edward Dixon Hays (Republican, MO-14)Isaac Vanbert McPherson (Republican, MO-15)Marion Edwards Rhodes (Republican, MO-13)Cleveland Alexander Newton (Republican, MO-10)Leonidas Carstarphen Dyer (Republican, MO-12)Carl Wood Riddick (Republican, MT-2)John Miller Baer (Republican, ND-1)George Morley Young (Republican, ND-2)James Herbert Sinclair (Republican, ND-3)William Ezekiel Andrews (Republican, NE-5)Robert Emory Evans (Republican, NE-3)Albert Webb Jefferis (Republican, NE-2)Moses Pierce Kinkaid (Republican, NE-6)Charles Frank Reavis (Republican, NE-1)Melvin Orlando McLaughlin (Republican, NE-4)Sherman Everett Burroughs (Republican, NH-1)Edward Hills Wason (Republican, NH-2)William John Browning (Republican, NJ-1)John Rathbone Ramsey (Republican, NJ-6)Elijah Cubberley Hutchinson (Republican, NJ-4)Amos Henry Radcliffe (Republican, NJ-7)Ernest Robinson Ackerman (Republican, NJ-5)Isaac Bacharach (Republican, NJ-2)Frederick Reimold Lehlbach (Republican, NJ-10)Benigno Cárdenas Hernández (Republican, NM-1)Reuben Locke Haskell (Republican, NY-10)William Henry Hill (Republican, NY-34)John MacCrate (Republican, NY-3)Edmund Platt (Republican, NY-26)Frederick William Rowe (Republican, NY-6)Rollin Brewster Sanford (Republican, NY-28)Thomas Byrne Dunn (Republican, NY-38)Norman Judd Gould (Republican, NY-36)Frederick Cocks Hicks (Republican, NY-1)Alanson Bigelow Houghton (Republican, NY-37)James William Husted (Republican, NY-25)Isaac Siegel (Republican, NY-20)Luther Wright Mott (Republican, NY-32)Homer Peter Snyder (Republican, NY-33)Charles Bonnell Ward (Republican, NY-27)Nathan David Perlman (Republican, NY-14)Clarence MacGregor (Republican, NY-41)Walter Warren Magee (Republican, NY-35)Stephen Wallace Dempsey (Republican, NY-40)Archie Dovell Sanders (Republican, NY-39)James Southworth Parker (Republican, NY-29)Bertrand Hollis Snell (Republican, NY-31)Frank Crowther (Republican, NY-30)Daniel Alden Reed (Republican, NY-43)Henry Ivory Emerson (Republican, OH-22)Edwin Darlington Ricketts (Republican, OH-11)Raymond Clinton Cole (Republican, OH-8)Israel Moore Foster (Republican, OH-10)James Thomas Begg (Republican, OH-13)Ambrose Everett Burnside Stephens (Republican, OH-2)Simeon Davison Fess (Republican, OH-7)Charles Cyrus Kearns (Republican, OH-6)Roscoe Conkling McCulloch (Republican, OH-16)Charles James Thompson (Republican, OH-5)Nicholas Longworth (Republican, OH-1)Charles Ellis Moore (Republican, OH-15)Benjamin Franklin Murphy (Republican, OH-18)John Gordon Cooper (Republican, OH-19)Dick Thompson Morgan (Republican, OK-8)Clifton Nesmith McArthur (Republican, OR-3)Nicholas John Sinnott (Republican, OR-2)Willis Chatman Hawley (Republican, OR-1)Peter Edward Costello (Republican, PA-5)John Richard Farr (Republican, PA-10)Mahlon Morris Garland (Republican, PA-AL)Willis James Hulings (Republican, PA-28)Joseph Hampton Moore (Republican, PA-3)Edward Schroeder Brooks (Republican, PA-20)Evan John Jones (Republican, PA-21)Aaron Shenk Kreider (Republican, PA-18)John Reber (Republican, PA-12)John Marshall Rose (Republican, PA-19)Thomas Stalker Butler (Republican, PA-7)John Mary Morin (Republican, PA-31)William Scott Vare (Republican, PA-1)William Walton Griest (Republican, PA-9)Edgar Raymond Kiess (Republican, PA-15)Stephen Geyer Porter (Republican, PA-29)George Scott Graham (Republican, PA-2)Samuel Austin Kendall (Republican, PA-23)Milton William Shreve (Republican, PA-25)Henry Wilson Temple (Republican, PA-24)George Washington Edmonds (Republican, PA-4)Melville Clyde Kelly (Republican, PA-30)Louis Thomas McFadden (Republican, PA-14)Nathan Leroy Strong (Republican, PA-27)Henry Winfield Watson (Republican, PA-8)Benjamin Kurtz Focht (Republican, PA-17)George Potter Darrow (Republican, PA-6)Ambrose Kennedy (Republican, RI-3)Walter Russell Stiness (Republican, RI-2)Clark Burdick (Republican, RI-1)Charles Andrew Christopherson (Republican, SD-1)Royal Cleaves Johnson (Republican, SD-2)Sam Riley Sells (Republican, TN-1)James Willis Taylor (Republican, TN-2)Campbell Bascom Slemp (Republican, VA-9)Porter Hinman Dale (Republican, VT-2)Frank Lester Greene (Republican, VT-1)John Stanley Webster (Republican, WA-5)John Franklin Miller (Republican, WA-1)Lindley Hoag Hadley (Republican, WA-2)Albert Johnson (Republican, WA-3)John William Summers (Republican, WA-4)John Jacob Esch (Republican, WI-7)James Gideon Monahan (Republican, WI-3)Clifford Ellsworth Randall (Republican, WI-1)David Guy Classon (Republican, WI-9)John Casimir Kleczka (Republican, WI-4)Adolphus Peter Nelson (Republican, WI-11)Edward Voigt (Republican, WI-2)Edward Everts Browne (Republican, WI-8)Florian Lampert (Republican, WI-6)James Archibald Frear (Republican, WI-10)George Meade Bowers (Republican, WV-2)Leonard Sidney Echols (Republican, WV-6)Wells Goodykoontz (Republican, WV-5)Stuart Felix Reed (Republican, WV-3)Harry Chapman Woodyard (Republican, WV-4)Franklin Wheeler Mondell (Republican, WY-AL)
Aug 1, 1923 ·
No data
0 new members · 435 departed · 0 served on both dates · women 0 → 0 · median age 52 → 0
50 state delegations changed
Show delegation changes
Alaska 0 D · 0 R · 1 other
Alaska 0 D · 0 R
Alabama 10 D · 0 R
Alabama 0 D · 0 R
Arkansas 7 D · 0 R
Arkansas 0 D · 0 R
Arizona 1 D · 0 R
Arizona 0 D · 0 R
California 4 D · 6 R · 1 other
California 0 D · 0 R
Colorado 1 D · 3 R
Colorado 0 D · 0 R
Connecticut 1 D · 4 R
Connecticut 0 D · 0 R
Delaware 0 D · 1 R
Delaware 0 D · 0 R
Florida 4 D · 0 R
Florida 0 D · 0 R
Georgia 12 D · 0 R
Georgia 0 D · 0 R
Hawaii 0 D · 1 R
Hawaii 0 D · 0 R
Iowa 0 D · 11 R
Iowa 0 D · 0 R
Idaho 0 D · 2 R
Idaho 0 D · 0 R
Illinois 5 D · 21 R
Illinois 0 D · 0 R
Indiana 0 D · 13 R
Indiana 0 D · 0 R
Kansas 1 D · 7 R
Kansas 0 D · 0 R
Kentucky 8 D · 4 R
Kentucky 0 D · 0 R
Louisiana 8 D · 0 R
Louisiana 0 D · 0 R
Massachusetts 4 D · 12 R
Massachusetts 0 D · 0 R
Maryland 3 D · 3 R
Maryland 0 D · 0 R
Maine 0 D · 4 R
Maine 0 D · 0 R
Michigan 1 D · 12 R
Michigan 0 D · 0 R
Minnesota 1 D · 8 R · 1 other
Minnesota 0 D · 0 R
Missouri 11 D · 5 R
Missouri 0 D · 0 R
Mississippi 8 D · 0 R
Mississippi 0 D · 0 R
Montana 1 D · 1 R
Montana 0 D · 0 R
North Carolina 10 D · 0 R
North Carolina 0 D · 0 R
North Dakota 0 D · 3 R
North Dakota 0 D · 0 R
Nebraska 0 D · 6 R
Nebraska 0 D · 0 R
New Hampshire 0 D · 2 R
New Hampshire 0 D · 0 R
New Jersey 5 D · 7 R
New Jersey 0 D · 0 R
New Mexico 0 D · 1 R
New Mexico 0 D · 0 R
Nevada 1 D · 0 R
Nevada 0 D · 0 R
New York 19 D · 24 R
New York 0 D · 0 R
Ohio 8 D · 14 R
Ohio 0 D · 0 R
Oklahoma 7 D · 1 R
Oklahoma 0 D · 0 R
Oregon 0 D · 3 R
Oregon 0 D · 0 R
Pennsylvania 6 D · 27 R
Pennsylvania 0 D · 0 R
Rhode Island 0 D · 3 R
Rhode Island 0 D · 0 R
South Carolina 7 D · 0 R
South Carolina 0 D · 0 R
South Dakota 1 D · 2 R
South Dakota 0 D · 0 R
Tennessee 8 D · 2 R
Tennessee 0 D · 0 R
Texas 18 D · 0 R
Texas 0 D · 0 R
Utah 2 D · 0 R
Utah 0 D · 0 R
Virginia 10 D · 1 R
Virginia 0 D · 0 R
Vermont 0 D · 2 R
Vermont 0 D · 0 R
Washington 0 D · 5 R
Washington 0 D · 0 R
Wisconsin 0 D · 10 R · 1 other
Wisconsin 0 D · 0 R
West Virginia 1 D · 5 R
West Virginia 0 D · 0 R
Wyoming 0 D · 1 R
Wyoming 0 D · 0 R
Who joined and who left (0 in · 435 out)
George Barnes Grigsby
Alaska-AL
John Lawson Burnett D
Alabama-7
Stanley Hubert Dent Jr. D
Alabama-2
Fred Leonard Blackmon D
Alabama-4
Edward Berton Almon D
Alabama-8
George Huddleston D
Alabama-9
John McDuffie D
Alabama-1
William Bacon Oliver D
Alabama-6
William Brockman Bankhead D
Alabama-10
Henry Bascom Steagall D
Alabama-3
William Bismarck Bowling D
Alabama-5
William Shields Goodwin D
Arkansas-7
Henderson Madison Jacoway D
Arkansas-5
Samuel Mitchell Taylor D
Arkansas-6
Thaddeus Horatius Caraway D
Arkansas-1
William Allan Oldfield D
Arkansas-2
John Newton Tillman D
Arkansas-3
Otis Theodore Wingo D
Arkansas-4
Carl Trumbull Hayden D
Arizona-AL
Hugh Steel Hersman D
California-8
William Kettner D
California-11
Charles Hiram Randall P
California-9
John Arthur Elston R
California-6
John Ignatius Nolan R
California-5
Julius Kahn R
California-4
Henry Zenas Osborne R
California-10
John Edward Raker D
California-2
Charles Forrest Curry R
California-3
Henry Ellsworth Barbour R
California-7
Clarence Frederick Lea D
California-1
William Newell Vaile R
Colorado-1
Guy Urban Hardy R
Colorado-3
Charles Bateman Timberlake R
Colorado-2
Edward Thomas Taylor D
Colorado-4
James Peter Glynn R
Connecticut-5
Richard Patrick Freeman R
Connecticut-2
John Quillin Tilson R
Connecticut-3
Augustine Lonergan D
Connecticut-1
Schuyler Merritt R
Connecticut-4
Caleb Rodney Layton R
Delaware-AL
Frank Clark D
Florida-2
John Harris Smithwick D
Florida-3
Herbert Jackson Drane D
Florida-1
William Joseph Sears D
Florida-4
James Whetstone Overstreet D
Georgia-1
Frank Park D
Georgia-2
James Walter Wise D
Georgia-6
Gordon Lee D
Georgia-7
William David Upshaw D
Georgia-5
Thomas Montgomery Bell D
Georgia-9
Charles Robert Crisp D
Georgia-3
William Chester Lankford D
Georgia-11
William Washington Larsen D
Georgia-12
William Carter Wright D
Georgia-4
Charles Hillyer Brand D
Georgia-8
Carl Vinson D
Georgia-10
Jonah Kuhio Kalanianaole R
Hawaii-AL
Charles Augustus Kennedy R
Iowa-1
James William Good R
Iowa-5
Burton Erwin Sweet R
Iowa-3
Harry Edward Hull R
Iowa-2
Horace Mann Towner R
Iowa-8
William Dayton Boies R
Iowa-11
William Raymond Green R
Iowa-9
Lester Jesse Dickinson R
Iowa-10
Gilbert Nelson Haugen R
Iowa-4
Christian William Ramseyer R
Iowa-6
Cassius Clay Dowell R
Iowa-7
Burton Lee French R
Idaho-1
Addison Taylor Smith R
Idaho-2
Thomas Gallagher D
Illinois-8
Niels Juul R
Illinois-7
William Warfield Wilson R
Illinois-3
Edwin Bruce Brooks R
Illinois-23
Joseph Gurney Cannon R
Illinois-18
Ira Clifton Copley R
Illinois-11
Clifford Cady Ireland R
Illinois-16
James Robert Mann R
Illinois-2
William Ernest Mason R
Illinois-AL
William Brown McKinley R
Illinois-19
William August Rodenberg R
Illinois-22
William Johnson Graham R
Illinois-14
John Charles McKenzie R
Illinois-13
John William Rainey D
Illinois-4
Charles Eugene Fuller R
Illinois-12
Loren Edgar Wheeler R
Illinois-21
Frank Leslie Smith R
Illinois-17
Edward John King R
Illinois-15
Martin Barnaby Madden R
Illinois-1
Edward Everett Denison R
Illinois-25
Thomas Sutler Williams R
Illinois-24
Carl Richard Chindblom R
Illinois-10
Frederick Albert Britten R
Illinois-9
Henry Thomas Rainey D
Illinois-20
James McAndrews D
Illinois-6
Adolph Joachim Sabath D
Illinois-5
John Samuel Benham R
Indiana-4
Oscar Edward Bland R
Indiana-2
Milton Kraus R
Indiana-11
Oscar Raymond Luhring R
Indiana-1
Louis William Fairfield R
Indiana-12
Merrill Moores R
Indiana-7
Everett Sanders R
Indiana-5
James Whitson Dunbar R
Indiana-3
Richard Nash Elliott R
Indiana-6
Andrew James Hickey R
Indiana-13
Fred Sampson Purnell R
Indiana-9
Albert Henry Vestal R
Indiana-8
William Robert Wood R
Indiana-10
Philip Pitt Campbell R
Kansas-3
Edward Campbell Little R
Kansas-2
Jasper Napoleon Tincher R
Kansas-7
Daniel Read Anthony Jr. R
Kansas-1
Hays Baxter White R
Kansas-6
Homer Hoch R
Kansas-4
James George Strong R
Kansas-5
William Augustus Ayres D
Kansas-8
Harvey Helm D
Kentucky-AL
King Swope R
Kentucky-8
Charles Franklin Ogden R
Kentucky-5
James Campbell Cantrill D
Kentucky-7
William Jason Fields D
Kentucky-9
Ben Johnson D
Kentucky-4
John Wesley Langley R
Kentucky-10
Arthur Blythe Rouse D
Kentucky-6
Robert Young Thomas Jr. D
Kentucky-3
David Hayes Kincheloe D
Kentucky-2
John Marshall Robsion R
Kentucky-11
Alben William Barkley D
Kentucky-1
Albert Estopinal D
Louisiana-1
Jared Young Sanders D
Louisiana-6
John Thomas Watkins D
Louisiana-4
Henry Garland Dupré D
Louisiana-2
Ladislas Lazaro D
Louisiana-7
Whitmell Pugh Martin D
Louisiana-3
James Benjamin Aswell D
Louisiana-8
Riley Joseph Wilson D
Louisiana-5
John Francis Fitzgerald D
Massachusetts-10
Alvan Tufts Fuller R
Massachusetts-9
Richard Olney D
Massachusetts-14
Michael Francis Phelan D
Massachusetts-7
Willfred Weymouth Lufkin R
Massachusetts-6
Joseph Walsh R
Massachusetts-16
William Stedman Greene R
Massachusetts-15
Calvin DeWitt Paige R
Massachusetts-3
Samuel Ellsworth Winslow R
Massachusetts-4
Frederick Huntington Gillett R
Massachusetts-2
John Jacob Rogers R
Massachusetts-5
James Ambrose Gallivan D
Massachusetts-12
Frederick William Dallinger R
Massachusetts-8
Robert Luce R
Massachusetts-13
George Holden Tinkham R
Massachusetts-11
Allen Towner Treadway R
Massachusetts-1
William Noble Andrews R
Maryland-1
Carville Dickinson Benson D
Maryland-2
Charles Pearce Coady D
Maryland-3
Sydney Emanuel Mudd R
Maryland-5
Frederick Nicholas Zihlman R
Maryland-6
John Charles Linthicum D
Maryland-4
Louis Bertrand Goodall R
Maine-1
John Andrew Peters R
Maine-3
Ira Greenlief Hersey R
Maine-4
Wallace Humphrey White Jr. R
Maine-2
Gilbert Archibald Currie R
Michigan-10
Frank Ellsworth Doremus D
Michigan-1
Edward La Rue Hamilton R
Michigan-4
Charles Archibald Nichols R
Michigan-13
Joseph Warren Fordney R
Michigan-8
Patrick Henry Kelley R
Michigan-6
John M. C. Smith R
Michigan-3
Frank Douglas Scott R
Michigan-11
Louis Convers Cramton R
Michigan-7
James Campbell McLaughlin R
Michigan-9
William Francis James R
Michigan-12
Carl Edgar Mapes R
Michigan-5
Earl Cory Michener R
Michigan-2
Franklin Fowler Ellsworth R
Minnesota-2
Carl Chester Van Dyke D
Minnesota-4
Halvor Steenerson R
Minnesota-9
Andrew John Volstead R
Minnesota-7
Sydney Anderson R
Minnesota-1
Charles Russell Davis R
Minnesota-3
William Leighton Carss UL
Minnesota-8
Walter Hughes Newton R
Minnesota-5
Thomas David Schall R
Minnesota-10
Harold Knutson R
Minnesota-6
Joshua Willis Alexander D
Missouri-3
William Thomas Bland D
Missouri-5
Charles Ferris Booher D
Missouri-4
James Beauchamp Clark D
Missouri-9
William Leo Igoe D
Missouri-11
Edward Dixon Hays R
Missouri-14
Isaac Vanbert McPherson R
Missouri-15
Marion Edwards Rhodes R
Missouri-13
William Waller Rucker D
Missouri-2
Cleveland Alexander Newton R
Missouri-10
Thomas Lewis Rubey D
Missouri-16
Leonidas Carstarphen Dyer R
Missouri-12
Samuel Collier Major D
Missouri-7
Clement Cabell Dickinson D
Missouri-6
William Lester Nelson D
Missouri-8
Milton Andrew Romjue D
Missouri-1
Ezekiel Samuel Candler Jr. D
Mississippi-1
William Webb Venable D
Mississippi-5
Paul Burney Johnson D
Mississippi-6
Thomas Upton Sisson D
Mississippi-4
Benjamin Grubb Humphreys D
Mississippi-3
Hubert Durrett Stephens D
Mississippi-2
James William Collier D
Mississippi-8
Percy Edwards Quin D
Mississippi-7
Carl Wood Riddick R
Montana-2
John Morgan Evans D
Montana-1
Hannibal Lafayette Godwin D
North Carolina-6
Leonidas Dunlap Robinson D
North Carolina-7
John Humphrey Small D
North Carolina-1
Edwin Yates Webb D
North Carolina-9
Samuel Mitchell Brinson D
North Carolina-3
Claude Kitchin D
North Carolina-2
Charles Manly Stedman D
North Carolina-5
Edward William Pou D
North Carolina-4
Zebulon Weaver D
North Carolina-10
Robert Lee Doughton D
North Carolina-8
John Miller Baer R
North Dakota-1
George Morley Young R
North Dakota-2
James Herbert Sinclair R
North Dakota-3
William Ezekiel Andrews R
Nebraska-5
Robert Emory Evans R
Nebraska-3
Albert Webb Jefferis R
Nebraska-2
Moses Pierce Kinkaid R
Nebraska-6
Charles Frank Reavis R
Nebraska-1
Melvin Orlando McLaughlin R
Nebraska-4
Sherman Everett Burroughs R
New Hampshire-1
Edward Hills Wason R
New Hampshire-2
William John Browning R
New Jersey-1
James Alphonsus Hamill D
New Jersey-12
Cornelius Augustine McGlennon D
New Jersey-8
John Rathbone Ramsey R
New Jersey-6
Thomas Joseph Scully D
New Jersey-3
Elijah Cubberley Hutchinson R
New Jersey-4
Amos Henry Radcliffe R
New Jersey-7
John Joseph Eagan D
New Jersey-11
Daniel Francis Minahan D
New Jersey-9
Ernest Robinson Ackerman R
New Jersey-5
Isaac Bacharach R
New Jersey-2
Frederick Reimold Lehlbach R
New Jersey-10
Benigno Cárdenas Hernández R
New Mexico-1
Charles Robley Evans D
Nevada-AL
Charles Pope Caldwell D
New York-2
Jerome Francis Donovan D
New York-21
Peter Joseph Dooling D
New York-15
Henry Mayer Goldfogle D
New York-12
Reuben Locke Haskell R
New York-10
William Henry Hill R
New York-34
John Brown Johnston D
New York-5
John MacCrate R
New York-3
James Paul Maher D
New York-7
Richard Francis McKiniry D
New York-23
Herbert Claiborne Pell Jr. D
New York-17
Edmund Platt R
New York-26
Joseph Rowan D
New York-19
Frederick William Rowe R
New York-6
Rollin Brewster Sanford R
New York-28
Thomas Francis Smith D
New York-16
Thomas Byrne Dunn R
New York-38
Norman Judd Gould R
New York-36
Frederick Cocks Hicks R
New York-1
Alanson Bigelow Houghton R
New York-37
James William Husted R
New York-25
Isaac Siegel R
New York-20
James Vincent Ganly D
New York-24
Luther Wright Mott R
New York-32
Daniel Joseph Riordan D
New York-11
Homer Peter Snyder R
New York-33
Charles Bonnell Ward R
New York-27
William Edward Cleary D
New York-8
Nathan David Perlman R
New York-14
Clarence MacGregor R
New York-41
Walter Warren Magee R
New York-35
John Francis Carew D
New York-18
Stephen Wallace Dempsey R
New York-40
David Joseph O’Connell D
New York-9
Archie Dovell Sanders R
New York-39
James Southworth Parker R
New York-29
Anthony Jerome Griffin D
New York-22
Bertrand Hollis Snell R
New York-31
Christopher Daniel Sullivan D
New York-13
Frank Crowther R
New York-30
James Michael Mead D
New York-42
Thomas Henry Cullen D
New York-4
Daniel Alden Reed R
New York-43
John Joseph Babka D
Ohio-21
Clement Laird Brumbaugh D
Ohio-12
Henry Ivory Emerson R
Ohio-22
Warren Gard D
Ohio-3
Benjamin Franklin Welty D
Ohio-4
Edwin Darlington Ricketts R
Ohio-11
Raymond Clinton Cole R
Ohio-8
Israel Moore Foster R
Ohio-10
Isaac R. Sherwood D
Ohio-9
James Thomas Begg R
Ohio-13
Martin Luther Davey D
Ohio-14
Ambrose Everett Burnside Stephens R
Ohio-2
Simeon Davison Fess R
Ohio-7
Charles Cyrus Kearns R
Ohio-6
Roscoe Conkling McCulloch R
Ohio-16
Charles James Thompson R
Ohio-5
Nicholas Longworth R
Ohio-1
Charles Anthony Mooney D
Ohio-20
Charles Ellis Moore R
Ohio-15
Benjamin Franklin Murphy R
Ohio-18
John Gordon Cooper R
Ohio-19
William Albert Ashbrook D
Ohio-17
Scott Ferris D
Oklahoma-6
Dick Thompson Morgan R
Oklahoma-8
Joseph Bryan Thompson D
Oklahoma-5
Charles David Carter D
Oklahoma-3
Everette Burgess Howard D
Oklahoma-1
William Wirt Hastings D
Oklahoma-2
James Vernon McClintic D
Oklahoma-7
Thomas Deitz McKeown D
Oklahoma-4
Clifton Nesmith McArthur R
Oregon-3
Nicholas John Sinnott R
Oregon-2
Willis Chatman Hawley R
Oregon-1
Peter Edward Costello R
Pennsylvania-5
Arthur Granville Dewalt D
Pennsylvania-13
John Richard Farr R
Pennsylvania-10
Mahlon Morris Garland R
Pennsylvania-AL
Willis James Hulings R
Pennsylvania-28
John Vandling Lesher D
Pennsylvania-16
Joseph Hampton Moore R
Pennsylvania-3
Henry Joseph Steele D
Pennsylvania-26
John Haden Wilson D
Pennsylvania-22
Edward Schroeder Brooks R
Pennsylvania-20
Evan John Jones R
Pennsylvania-21
Aaron Shenk Kreider R
Pennsylvania-18
John Reber R
Pennsylvania-12
John Marshall Rose R
Pennsylvania-19
Thomas Stalker Butler R
Pennsylvania-7
John Mary Morin R
Pennsylvania-31
William Scott Vare R
Pennsylvania-1
John Joseph Casey D
Pennsylvania-11
William Walton Griest R
Pennsylvania-9
Edgar Raymond Kiess R
Pennsylvania-15
Stephen Geyer Porter R
Pennsylvania-29
Guy Edgar Campbell D
Pennsylvania-32
George Scott Graham R
Pennsylvania-2
Samuel Austin Kendall R
Pennsylvania-23
Milton William Shreve R
Pennsylvania-25
Henry Wilson Temple R
Pennsylvania-24
George Washington Edmonds R
Pennsylvania-4
Melville Clyde Kelly R
Pennsylvania-30
Louis Thomas McFadden R
Pennsylvania-14
Nathan Leroy Strong R
Pennsylvania-27
Henry Winfield Watson R
Pennsylvania-8
Benjamin Kurtz Focht R
Pennsylvania-17
George Potter Darrow R
Pennsylvania-6
Ambrose Kennedy R
Rhode Island-3
Walter Russell Stiness R
Rhode Island-2
Clark Burdick R
Rhode Island-1
Asbury Francis Lever D
South Carolina-7
Samuel Jones Nicholls D
South Carolina-4
James Willard Ragsdale D
South Carolina-6
Richard Smith Whaley D
South Carolina-1
Frederick Haskell Dominick D
South Carolina-3
William Francis Stevenson D
South Carolina-5
James Francis Byrnes D
South Carolina-2
Harry Luther Gandy D
South Dakota-3
Charles Andrew Christopherson R
South Dakota-1
Royal Cleaves Johnson R
South Dakota-2
John Austin Moon D
Tennessee-3
Sam Riley Sells R
Tennessee-1
Thetus Willrette Sims D
Tennessee-8
Lemuel Phillips Padgett D
Tennessee-7
Finis James Garrett D
Tennessee-9
Hubert Frederick Fisher D
Tennessee-10
Ewin Lamar Davis D
Tennessee-5
Cordell Hull D
Tennessee-4
Joseph Wellington Byrns D
Tennessee-6
James Willis Taylor R
Tennessee-2
Carlos Bee D
Texas-14
James Clifton Wilson D
Texas-12
James Young D
Texas-3
Rufus Hardy D
Texas-6
Lucian Walton Parrish D
Texas-13
Eugene Black D
Texas-1
John Calvin Box D
Texas-2
Claude Benton Hudspeth D
Texas-16
Clay Stone Briggs D
Texas-7
John Nance Garner D
Texas-15
Thomas Lindsay Blanton D
Texas-17
Joe Henry Eagle D
Texas-8
James Paul Buchanan D
Texas-10
John Marvin Jones D
Texas-18
Hatton William Sumners D
Texas-5
Thomas Terry Connally D
Texas-11
Joseph Jefferson Mansfield D
Texas-9
Samuel Taliaferro Rayburn D
Texas-4
James Henry Mays D
Utah-2
Milton Holmes Welling D
Utah-1
Charles Creighton Carlin D
Virginia-AL
Edward Everett Holland D
Virginia-2
Edward Watts Saunders D
Virginia-5
Walter Allen Watson D
Virginia-4
Henry De La Warr Flood D
Virginia-10
Campbell Bascom Slemp R
Virginia-9
James Pleasant Woods D
Virginia-6
Thomas Walter Harrison D
Virginia-7
Robert Walton Moore D
Virginia-8
Andrew Jackson Montague D
Virginia-3
Schuyler Otis Bland D
Virginia-1
Porter Hinman Dale R
Vermont-2
Frank Lester Greene R
Vermont-1
John Stanley Webster R
Washington-5
John Franklin Miller R
Washington-1
Lindley Hoag Hadley R
Washington-2
Albert Johnson R
Washington-3
John William Summers R
Washington-4
John Jacob Esch R
Wisconsin-7
James Gideon Monahan R
Wisconsin-3
Clifford Ellsworth Randall R
Wisconsin-1
David Guy Classon R
Wisconsin-9
John Casimir Kleczka R
Wisconsin-4
Adolphus Peter Nelson R
Wisconsin-11
Edward Voigt R
Wisconsin-2
Victor Luitpold Berger S
Wisconsin-AL
Edward Everts Browne R
Wisconsin-8
Florian Lampert R
Wisconsin-6
James Archibald Frear R
Wisconsin-10
George Meade Bowers R
West Virginia-2
Leonard Sidney Echols R
West Virginia-6
Wells Goodykoontz R
West Virginia-5
Stuart Felix Reed R
West Virginia-3
Harry Chapman Woodyard R
West Virginia-4
Matthew Mansfield Neely D
West Virginia-1
Franklin Wheeler Mondell R
Wyoming-AL
legislative/lawsLaws enacted
+53Congress.gov ↗
Complete lists of public laws start with the 93rd Congress (Jan 3, 1973). Earlier years show notable and landmark acts only.
53 laws recorded · 0 landmark · 53 notable
Port Authority of New York and New Jersey (under an interstate compact entered into by the State of New York and State of New Jersey)
Apr 30, 1921
Emergency Quota Act (Johnson Quota Act)
Pub. L. 67-5 · May 19, 1921
Emergency Tariff of 1921
Pub. L. 67-10 · May 27, 1921
Budget and Accounting Act
Pub. L. 67-13 · Jun 10, 1921
Willis Graham Act
Pub. L. 67-15 · Jun 10, 1921
Knox–Porter Resolution
Jul 2, 1921
Hawaiian Homes Commission Act of 1921
Jul 9, 1921
Naval Appropriations Act For 1922
Jul 12, 1921
Poultry Racket Act
Aug 15, 1921
Packers and Stockyards Act
Pub. L. 67-51 · Aug 15, 1921
Show 30 more notable laws
Future Trading Act
Pub. L. 67-66 · Aug 24, 1921
Federal Aid Highway Act of 1921
Pub. L. 67-87 · Nov 9, 1921
Willis–Campbell Act
Nov 23, 1921
Sheppard–Towner Act
Pub. L. 67-97 · Nov 23, 1921
Revenue Act of 1921
Pub. L. 67-98 · Nov 23, 1921
Russian Famine Relief Act
Pub. L. 67-117 · Dec 22, 1921
World War Foreign Debts Commission Act
Feb 9, 1922
Capper–Volstead Act
Pub. L. 67-146 · Feb 18, 1922
Patent Act of 1922
Pub. L. 67-147 · Feb 18, 1922
Model Marine Insurance Act of 1922
Mar 4, 1922
Seed and Grain Loan Act
Mar 20, 1922
General Exchange Act of 1922
Mar 20, 1922
Agricultural Appropriation Act of 1923
May 11, 1922
Irrigation Districts and Farm Loans Act (Raker Act)
May 15, 1922
Narcotic Drugs Import and Export Act (Jones–Miller Act)
Pub. L. 67-227 · May 26, 1922
Joint Service Pay Readjustment Act
Jun 10, 1922
Lodge–Fish Resolution
Jun 30, 1922
Scrapping of Naval Vessels Act
Jul 1, 1922
Honeybee Act
Aug 31, 1922
Judges Act of 1922 (Cummins–Walsh Act)
Sep 14, 1922
China Trade Act of 1922
Sep 19, 1922
Commodity Exchange Act
Sep 21, 1922
Fordney–McCumber Tariff
Pub. L. 67-318 · Sep 21, 1922
Grain Futures Act
Pub. L. 67-331 · Sep 21, 1922
Fuel Distributor Act (Lever Act)
Sep 22, 1922
River and Harbors Act of 1922
Sep 22, 1922
Cable Act (Married Women's Citizenship Act)
Pub. L. 67-346 · Sep 22, 1922
Foreign and Domestic Commerce Act of 1923
Jan 5, 1923
Agricultural Appropriations Act of 1924
Feb 26, 1923
British War Debt Act of 1923 (Smoot–Burton Act)
Feb 28, 1923

Judicial3 files+557−4

judicial/supreme-courtThe Supreme Court
+4−4Federal Judicial Center ↗
Bench by appointing party: 6 R · 3 D → 7 R · 2 D · every justice ↗
William Rufus Day R
appointed by Theodore Roosevelt · 1903
Edward Douglass White R
appointed by William H. Taft · 1910
Mahlon Pitney R
appointed by William H. Taft · 1912
John Hessin Clarke D
appointed by Woodrow Wilson · 1916
William Howard Taft R
appointed by Warren G. Harding · 1921
George Sutherland R
appointed by Warren G. Harding · 1922
Pierce Butler R
appointed by Warren G. Harding · 1922
Edward Terry Sanford R
appointed by Warren G. Harding · 1923
5 justices served on both dates
Joseph McKenna R
appointed by William McKinley · 1898
Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. R
appointed by Theodore Roosevelt · 1902
Willis Van Devanter R
appointed by William H. Taft · 1910
James Clark McReynolds D
appointed by Woodrow Wilson · 1914
Louis Dembitz Brandeis D
appointed by Woodrow Wilson · 1916
judicial/lower-courtsAppeals & district courts
+54Federal Judicial Center ↗
Courts of appeals (active judges): 19 D · 16 R · 1 N( → 19 D · 16 R
District courts (active judges): 54 R · 49 D · 2 N( → 77 R · 46 D · 2 N(
Warren G. Harding R appointed 54 judges
4 Supreme Court · 6 appeals · 40 district · 4 other
1 circuit flipped majority
Fourth Circuit 1 D · 1 R (tie majority)
Fourth Circuit 1 D · 2 R (R majority)
D and R describe the party of the appointing president, not the judge. Active service ends when a judge takes senior status.
judicial/rulingsSupreme Court decisions
+499Supreme Court Database ↗
499 argued decisions · 6 landmark
Newberry v. United States
256 U.S. 232 · May 2, 1921 · Decided 9–0 · First Amendment · Reversed and remanded · Declared federal law unconstitutional
United States v. Moreland
258 U.S. 433 · Apr 17, 1922 · Decided 5–3 · Civil Rights · Affirmed · Declared federal law unconstitutional
Child Labor Tax Case
259 U.S. 20 · May 15, 1922 · Decided 8–1 · Federal Taxation · Affirmed · Declared federal law unconstitutional
Hill, Jr. v. Wallace
259 U.S. 44 · May 15, 1922 · Decided 9–0 · Economic Activity · Reversed and remanded · Declared federal law unconstitutional
Keller v. Potomac Electric Power Company
261 U.S. 428 · Apr 9, 1923 · Decided 9–0 · Judicial Power · Dismissed · Declared federal law unconstitutional
Adkins v. Children's Hospital of the District of Columbia
261 U.S. 525 · Apr 9, 1923 · Decided 5–3 · Civil Rights · Affirmed · Declared federal law unconstitutional
Landmark means the Court overruled precedent, struck down a federal law, or the case is on a curated landmark list.

Fiscal2 files±0

fiscal/budgetThe federal budget
OMB Historical Tables ↗
Fiscal year 1921 → fiscal year 1924 · inflation-adjusted with the GDP price index
Spending $5.1B
FY1921
Spending $2.9B
FY1924 · −43% nominal
Revenue $5.6B
FY1921
Revenue $3.9B
FY1924 · −31% nominal
Surplus / deficit $509M
FY1921
Surplus / deficit $963M
FY1924 · +$454M
fiscal/debtTotal public debt outstanding
−$3.6BTreasury Fiscal Data ↗
$26.0B
as of Jul 1, 1920
$22.3B
as of Jun 30, 1923

Constitution & Union1 file±0

constitution/amendmentsAmendments & statehood
±0National Archives ↗
19 → 19 amendments in force · 48 → 48 states
No amendments ratified and no states admitted. The last amendment was the 27th, in 1992.

Reverts1 file−2

revert/undoneWhat was undone
−2Federal Register · Congress.gov · SCDB ↗
0 executive orders revoked or superseded · 0 rules struck down by Congress · 2 Supreme Court precedents overruled
2 decisions that overruled precedent
Terral v. Burke Construction Company
Feb 27, 1922 · 9-0 · Economic Activity
Lee v. Chesapeake & Ohio Railway Company
Jan 22, 1923 · 8-0 · Judicial Power
Revocations are full revocations or supersessions recorded in the Federal Register (partial amendments aren't counted), and those records begin in 1994. Congressional Review Act disapprovals are identified by title. Laws repealed outright aren't tracked yet. Agencies abolished are in the Executive section.

Log1 file±0

logEverything in between
65 events
Warren Gamaliel Harding takes office · 1921-03-04Port Authority of New York and New Jersey (under an interstate compact entered into by the State of New York and State of New Jersey) · 1921-04-30Newberry v. United States · 1921-05-02Emergency Quota Act (Johnson Quota Act) · 1921-05-19Emergency Tariff of 1921 · 1921-05-27Budget and Accounting Act · 1921-06-10Willis Graham Act · 1921-06-10William Howard Taft — Chief Justice · 1921-06-30Knox–Porter Resolution · 1921-07-02Hawaiian Homes Commission Act of 1921 · 1921-07-09Naval Appropriations Act For 1922 · 1921-07-12Poultry Racket Act · 1921-08-15Packers and Stockyards Act · 1921-08-15Future Trading Act · 1921-08-24Federal Aid Highway Act of 1921 · 1921-11-09Willis–Campbell Act · 1921-11-23Sheppard–Towner Act · 1921-11-23Revenue Act of 1921 · 1921-11-23Russian Famine Relief Act · 1921-12-22World War Foreign Debts Commission Act · 1922-02-09Capper–Volstead Act · 1922-02-18Patent Act of 1922 · 1922-02-18Model Marine Insurance Act of 1922 · 1922-03-04Seed and Grain Loan Act · 1922-03-20General Exchange Act of 1922 · 1922-03-20United States v. Moreland · 1922-04-17Agricultural Appropriation Act of 1923 · 1922-05-11Irrigation Districts and Farm Loans Act (Raker Act) · 1922-05-15Child Labor Tax Case · 1922-05-15Hill, Jr. v. Wallace · 1922-05-15Narcotic Drugs Import and Export Act (Jones–Miller Act) · 1922-05-26Joint Service Pay Readjustment Act · 1922-06-10Lodge–Fish Resolution · 1922-06-30Scrapping of Naval Vessels Act · 1922-07-01Honeybee Act · 1922-08-31George Sutherland — Associate Justice · 1922-09-05Judges Act of 1922 (Cummins–Walsh Act) · 1922-09-14China Trade Act of 1922 · 1922-09-19Commodity Exchange Act · 1922-09-21Fordney–McCumber Tariff · 1922-09-21Grain Futures Act · 1922-09-21Fuel Distributor Act (Lever Act) · 1922-09-22River and Harbors Act of 1922 · 1922-09-22Cable Act (Married Women's Citizenship Act) · 1922-09-22Pierce Butler — Associate Justice · 1922-12-21American Battle Monuments Commission · 1923-01-01Foreign and Domestic Commerce Act of 1923 · 1923-01-05Edward Terry Sanford — Associate Justice · 1923-01-29Agricultural Appropriations Act of 1924 · 1923-02-26British War Debt Act of 1923 (Smoot–Burton Act) · 1923-02-28Porter Resolution · 1923-03-02River and Harbors Act of 1923 · 1923-03-03Naval Stores Act of 1923 · 1923-03-03Partial Payment Act (Winslow Act) · 1923-03-04Butter Standards Act of 1923 · 1923-03-04Filled Milk Act of 1923 · 1923-03-04Cotton Standards Act of 1923 · 1923-03-04National Bank Tax Act of 1923 · 1923-03-04Agricultural Credits Act (Capper–Linroot–Anderson Act) · 1923-03-04Classification Act of 1923 (Sterling–Lehlbach Act) · 1923-03-04Flood Control Act of 1923 · 1923-03-04Mills Act of 1923 · 1923-03-04Agricultural Credits Act of 1923 · 1923-03-04Keller v. Potomac Electric Power Company · 1923-04-09Adkins v. Children's Hospital of the District of Columbia · 1923-04-0919221923
  1. presidentWarren Gamaliel Harding takes office
  2. lawPort Authority of New York and New Jersey (under an interstate compact entered into by the State of New York and State of New Jersey)
  3. rulingNewberry v. United States
  4. lawEmergency Quota Act (Johnson Quota Act)
  5. lawEmergency Tariff of 1921
  6. lawBudget and Accounting Act
  7. lawWillis Graham Act
  8. justiceWilliam Howard Taft — Chief Justice
  9. lawKnox–Porter Resolution
  10. lawHawaiian Homes Commission Act of 1921
  11. lawNaval Appropriations Act For 1922
  12. lawPoultry Racket Act
  13. lawPackers and Stockyards Act
  14. lawFuture Trading Act
  15. lawFederal Aid Highway Act of 1921
  16. lawWillis–Campbell Act
  17. lawSheppard–Towner Act
  18. lawRevenue Act of 1921
  19. lawRussian Famine Relief Act
  20. lawWorld War Foreign Debts Commission Act
  21. lawCapper–Volstead Act
  22. lawPatent Act of 1922
  23. lawModel Marine Insurance Act of 1922
  24. lawSeed and Grain Loan Act
  25. lawGeneral Exchange Act of 1922
  26. rulingUnited States v. Moreland
  27. lawAgricultural Appropriation Act of 1923
  28. lawIrrigation Districts and Farm Loans Act (Raker Act)
  29. rulingChild Labor Tax Case
  30. rulingHill, Jr. v. Wallace
  31. lawNarcotic Drugs Import and Export Act (Jones–Miller Act)
  32. lawJoint Service Pay Readjustment Act
  33. lawLodge–Fish Resolution
  34. lawScrapping of Naval Vessels Act
  35. lawHoneybee Act
  36. justiceGeorge Sutherland — Associate Justice
  37. lawJudges Act of 1922 (Cummins–Walsh Act)
  38. lawChina Trade Act of 1922
  39. lawCommodity Exchange Act
  40. lawFordney–McCumber Tariff
  41. lawGrain Futures Act
  42. lawFuel Distributor Act (Lever Act)
  43. lawRiver and Harbors Act of 1922
  44. lawCable Act (Married Women's Citizenship Act)
  45. justicePierce Butler — Associate Justice
  46. agency+American Battle Monuments Commission
  47. lawForeign and Domestic Commerce Act of 1923
  48. justiceEdward Terry Sanford — Associate Justice
  49. lawAgricultural Appropriations Act of 1924
  50. lawBritish War Debt Act of 1923 (Smoot–Burton Act)
  51. lawPorter Resolution
  52. lawRiver and Harbors Act of 1923
  53. lawNaval Stores Act of 1923
  54. lawPartial Payment Act (Winslow Act)
  55. lawButter Standards Act of 1923
  56. lawFilled Milk Act of 1923
  57. lawCotton Standards Act of 1923
  58. lawNational Bank Tax Act of 1923
  59. lawAgricultural Credits Act (Capper–Linroot–Anderson Act)
  60. lawClassification Act of 1923 (Sterling–Lehlbach Act)
  61. lawFlood Control Act of 1923
  62. lawMills Act of 1923
  63. lawAgricultural Credits Act of 1923
  64. rulingKeller v. Potomac Electric Power Company
  65. rulingAdkins v. Children's Hospital of the District of Columbia