How did the United States change between and ?

Pick two dates. See the laws, the executive orders, the courts, Congress, federal agencies, the Constitution and the budget, as a diff.

Trump II so farBiden termTrump I termObama termSince 9/11Since ReaganPostwar → now
civicdiff.com/1901-09-14...1909-03-03 · 7.5 years json
18 files changed, 2,080 insertions(+), 42 deletions(−)
Laws enacted
+24
major laws · full counts from 1973
Executive orders
—
records start in 1994
Final rules
—
records start in 1994
Supreme Court
3 of 9
seats changed hands
Agencies
+9 −0
departments & tracked agencies
Public debt
+$483M
$2.1B → $2.6B

The presidency passed from William McKinley Jr. to Theodore Roosevelt. 67 senators and 392 representatives took seats that they did not hold before. 3 new justices joined the Supreme Court.

Executive5 files+18−9

executive/presidentThe presidency
+1−1National Archives ↗
William McKinley Jr. R
25th president
Theodore Roosevelt R
26th president · took office Sep 14, 1901
executive/vice-presidentThe vice presidency
+1−1Senate Historical Office ↗
Theodore Roosevelt R
Charles Warren Fairbanks R
took office Mar 4, 1905
executive/cabinetCabinet & senior officials
+7−7Wikidata ↗
Secretary of State · 2 people took this office in between
John Hay R
Robert Bacon R
Secretary of the Treasury · 2 people took this office in between
Lyman J. Gage R
George Bruce Cortelyou R
Secretary of War · 2 people took this office in between
Elihu Root R
Luke Edward Wright D
Attorney General · 2 people took this office in between
Philander C. Knox R
Charles Joseph Bonaparte R
Secretary of the Navy · 2 people took this office in between
John Davis Long R
Truman Handy Newberry R
Secretary of the Interior
Ethan A. Hitchcock R
James Rudolph Garfield R
Other senior officials (1 changed)
Secretary of the Navy · 2 people took this office in between
John Davis Long R
Truman Handy Newberry R
2 offices unchanged
Secretary of Agriculture: James Wilson R
Solicitor General: William Howard Taft R
executive/ordersExecutive orders
no dataFederal Register API ↗
Federal Register records of executive orders begin in 1994.
executive/agenciesFederal agencies
+9Wikidata ↗
60 → 69 tracked organizations · 8 → 9 executive departments
United States Department of Commerce and Labor department
established Feb 14, 1903 · former executive department of the United States government; split into two departments in 1913
Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research
established Jan 1, 1902 · FDA research center
United States Bureau of Reclamation
established Jan 1, 1902 · government agency
United States Census Bureau
established Mar 6, 1902 · U.S. agency responsible for the census and related statistics
Crop Reporting Board
established Jan 1, 1905 · Division of the USDA Bureau of Agricultural Economics
United States Forest Service
established Feb 1, 1905 · agency of the U.S. Department of Agriculture
United States Food and Drug Administration
established Jun 30, 1906 · agency of the US Department of Health and Human Services
Bitterroot National Forest (Agency)
established Jan 1, 1907 · agency of U.S. Forest Service
Federal Bureau of Investigation
established Jul 26, 1908 · U.S. federal law enforcement agency
Agency start and end dates come from Wikidata, which covers smaller bureaus unevenly.

Military1 file±0

military/conflictsArmed conflicts
±0UCDP/PRIO Armed Conflict Dataset ↗
U.S. in 0 armed conflicts → 0
The U.S. was not a party to any armed conflict in this window (conflict records start in 1946).
An armed conflict here means at least 25 battle deaths in a year, with U.S. forces as a party or fighting for a government (UCDP's definition). Air strikes, raids, and advisory missions below that threshold aren't included. UN peacekeeping missions are excluded.

Legislative4 files+483−30

legislative/controlControl of Congress
2 changesHouse History / Senate Historical Office ↗
Top: House · Bottom: Senate DemocraticRepublicanOther
57th Congress → 60th Congress · 3 new Congresses elected
2 changes of chamber control along the way
House: null majority on both dates
→ 221 R · 169 D
Senate: Republican majority on both dates
37 R · 17 D → 61 R · 31 D
legislative/senateSenate
+67−30congress-legislators ↗
Sep 14, 1901 · 37 R · 17 D · 1 P
Edmund Winston Pettus (Democrat, AL)James Kimbrough Jones (Democrat, AR)Henry Moore Teller (Democrat, CO)Stephen Russell Mallory (Democrat, FL)James Piper Taliaferro (Democrat, FL)Alexander Stephens Clay (Democrat, GA)Henry Heitfeld (Democrat, ID)Samuel Douglas McEnery (Democrat, LA)George Graham Vest (Democrat, MO)Francis Marion Cockrell (Democrat, MO)Hernando De Soto Money (Democrat, MS)John Lowndes McLaurin (Democrat, SC)William Brimage Bate (Democrat, TN)Charles Allen Culberson (Democrat, TX)Joseph Lafayette Rawlins (Democrat, UT)John Warwick Daniel (Democrat, VA)George Turner (Democrat, WA)William Alexander Harris (Populist, KS)George Clement Perkins (Republican, CA)Thomas Robert Bard (Republican, CA)Orville Hitchcock Platt (Republican, CT)Joseph Roswell Hawley (Republican, CT)William Boyd Allison (Republican, IA)Jonathan Prentiss Dolliver (Republican, IA)William Ernest Mason (Republican, IL)Charles Warren Fairbanks (Republican, IN)Albert Jeremiah Beveridge (Republican, IN)William Joseph Deboe (Republican, KY)Henry Cabot Lodge (Republican, MA)George Louis Wellington (Republican, MD)Louis Emory McComas (Republican, MD)Eugene Hale (Republican, ME)Julius Caesar Burrows (Republican, MI)Jeter Connelly Pritchard (Republican, NC)Henry Clay Hansbrough (Republican, ND)Porter James McCumber (Republican, ND)Jacob Harold Gallinger (Republican, NH)John Kean (Republican, NJ)John Percival Jones (Republican, NV)William Morris Stewart (Republican, NV)Thomas Collier Platt (Republican, NY)Chauncey Mitchell Depew (Republican, NY)Joseph Benson Foraker (Republican, OH)Marcus Alonzo Hanna (Republican, OH)Joseph Simon (Republican, OR)Boies Penrose (Republican, PA)Matthew Stanley Quay (Republican, PA)Nelson Wilmarth Aldrich (Republican, RI)Redfield Proctor (Republican, VT)William Paul Dillingham (Republican, VT)Addison Gardner Foster (Republican, WA)John Coit Spooner (Republican, WI)Joseph Very Quarles (Republican, WI)Nathan Bay Scott (Republican, WV)Clarence Don Clark (Republican, WY)
Mar 3, 1909 · 61 R · 31 D
Joseph Forney Johnston (Democrat, AL)John Hollis Bankhead (Democrat, AL)James Paul Clarke (Democrat, AR)Jeff Davis (Democrat, AR)Henry Moore Teller (Democrat, CO)James Piper Taliaferro (Democrat, FL)William Hall Milton (Democrat, FL)Alexander Stephens Clay (Democrat, GA)Augustus Octavius Bacon (Democrat, GA)James Bennett McCreary (Democrat, KY)Thomas Hanson Paynter (Democrat, KY)Samuel Douglas McEnery (Democrat, LA)Murphy James Foster (Democrat, LA)Isidor Rayner (Democrat, MD)John Walter Smith (Democrat, MD)William Joel Stone (Democrat, MO)Hernando De Soto Money (Democrat, MS)Anselm Joseph McLaurin (Democrat, MS)Lee Slater Overman (Democrat, NC)Furnifold McLendel Simmons (Democrat, NC)Francis Griffith Newlands (Democrat, NV)Thomas Pryor Gore (Democrat, OK)Robert Latham Owen (Democrat, OK)Benjamin Ryan Tillman (Democrat, SC)Frank Boyd Gary (Democrat, SC)James Beriah Frazier (Democrat, TN)Robert Love Taylor (Democrat, TN)Charles Allen Culberson (Democrat, TX)Joseph Weldon Bailey (Democrat, TX)John Warwick Daniel (Democrat, VA)Thomas Staples Martin (Democrat, VA)George Clement Perkins (Republican, CA)Frank Putnam Flint (Republican, CA)Simon Guggenheim (Republican, CO)Frank Bosworth Brandegee (Republican, CT)Morgan Gardner Bulkeley (Republican, CT)Henry Algernon du Pont (Republican, DE)Harry Alden Richardson (Republican, DE)Jonathan Prentiss Dolliver (Republican, IA)Albert Baird Cummins (Republican, IA)Weldon Brinton Heyburn (Republican, ID)William Edgar Borah (Republican, ID)Albert Jarvis Hopkins (Republican, IL)Shelby Moore Cullom (Republican, IL)James Alexander Hemenway (Republican, IN)Albert Jeremiah Beveridge (Republican, IN)Chester Isaiah Long (Republican, KS)Charles Curtis (Republican, KS)Henry Cabot Lodge (Republican, MA)Winthrop Murray Crane (Republican, MA)Eugene Hale (Republican, ME)William Pierce Frye (Republican, ME)Julius Caesar Burrows (Republican, MI)William Alden Smith (Republican, MI)Moses Edwin Clapp (Republican, MN)Knute Nelson (Republican, MN)William Warner (Republican, MO)Thomas Henry Carter (Republican, MT)Joseph Moore Dixon (Republican, MT)Henry Clay Hansbrough (Republican, ND)Porter James McCumber (Republican, ND)Elmer Jacob Burkett (Republican, NE)Norris Brown (Republican, NE)Jacob Harold Gallinger (Republican, NH)Henry Eben Burnham (Republican, NH)John Kean (Republican, NJ)Frank Obadiah Briggs (Republican, NJ)George Stuart Nixon (Republican, NV)Thomas Collier Platt (Republican, NY)Chauncey Mitchell Depew (Republican, NY)Joseph Benson Foraker (Republican, OH)Charles William Frederick Dick (Republican, OH)Charles William Fulton (Republican, OR)Jonathan Bourne Jr. (Republican, OR)Boies Penrose (Republican, PA)Philander Chase Knox (Republican, PA)Nelson Wilmarth Aldrich (Republican, RI)George Peabody Wetmore (Republican, RI)Alfred Beard Kittredge (Republican, SD)Robert Jackson Gamble (Republican, SD)Reed Smoot (Republican, UT)George Sutherland (Republican, UT)William Paul Dillingham (Republican, VT)Carroll Smalley Page (Republican, VT)Levi Ankeny (Republican, WA)Samuel Henry Piles (Republican, WA)Robert Marion La Follette (Republican, WI)Isaac Stephenson (Republican, WI)Nathan Bay Scott (Republican, WV)Stephen Benton Elkins (Republican, WV)Clarence Don Clark (Republican, WY)Francis Emroy Warren (Republican, WY)
67 new members · 30 departed · 25 served on both dates · women 0 → 0 · median age 59 → 58
10 seats changed party
George Turner D
Washington seat
Levi Ankeny R
Washington seat
William Alexander Harris P
Kansas seat
Chester Isaiah Long R
Kansas seat
William Joseph Deboe R
Kentucky seat
James Bennett McCreary D
Kentucky seat
Henry Heitfeld D
Idaho seat
Weldon Brinton Heyburn R
Idaho seat
Show 6 more seat flips
John Percival Jones R
Nevada seat
Francis Griffith Newlands D
Nevada seat
Jeter Connelly Pritchard R
North Carolina seat
Lee Slater Overman D
North Carolina seat
Joseph Lafayette Rawlins D
Utah seat
Reed Smoot R
Utah seat
Francis Marion Cockrell D
Missouri seat
William Warner R
Missouri seat
Louis Emory McComas R
Maryland seat
Isidor Rayner D
Maryland seat
George Louis Wellington R
Maryland seat
John Walter Smith D
Maryland seat
Who joined and who left (67 in · 30 out)
Joseph Forney Johnston D
Alabama
John Hollis Bankhead D
Alabama
James Paul Clarke D
Arkansas
Jeff Davis D
Arkansas
Frank Putnam Flint R
California
Simon Guggenheim R
Colorado
Frank Bosworth Brandegee R
Connecticut
Morgan Gardner Bulkeley R
Connecticut
Henry Algernon du Pont R
Delaware
Harry Alden Richardson R
Delaware
William Hall Milton D
Florida
Augustus Octavius Bacon D
Georgia
Albert Baird Cummins R
Iowa
Weldon Brinton Heyburn R
Idaho
William Edgar Borah R
Idaho
Albert Jarvis Hopkins R
Illinois
Shelby Moore Cullom R
Illinois
James Alexander Hemenway R
Indiana
Chester Isaiah Long R
Kansas
Charles Curtis R
Kansas
James Bennett McCreary D
Kentucky
Thomas Hanson Paynter D
Kentucky
Murphy James Foster D
Louisiana
Winthrop Murray Crane R
Massachusetts
Isidor Rayner D
Maryland
John Walter Smith D
Maryland
William Pierce Frye R
Maine
William Alden Smith R
Michigan
Moses Edwin Clapp R
Minnesota
Knute Nelson R
Minnesota
William Joel Stone D
Missouri
William Warner R
Missouri
Anselm Joseph McLaurin D
Mississippi
Thomas Henry Carter R
Montana
Joseph Moore Dixon R
Montana
Lee Slater Overman D
North Carolina
Furnifold McLendel Simmons D
North Carolina
Elmer Jacob Burkett R
Nebraska
Norris Brown R
Nebraska
Henry Eben Burnham R
New Hampshire
Frank Obadiah Briggs R
New Jersey
Francis Griffith Newlands D
Nevada
George Stuart Nixon R
Nevada
Charles William Frederick Dick R
Ohio
Thomas Pryor Gore D
Oklahoma
Robert Latham Owen D
Oklahoma
Charles William Fulton R
Oregon
Jonathan Bourne Jr. R
Oregon
Philander Chase Knox R
Pennsylvania
George Peabody Wetmore R
Rhode Island
Benjamin Ryan Tillman D
South Carolina
Frank Boyd Gary D
South Carolina
Alfred Beard Kittredge R
South Dakota
Robert Jackson Gamble R
South Dakota
James Beriah Frazier D
Tennessee
Robert Love Taylor D
Tennessee
Joseph Weldon Bailey D
Texas
Reed Smoot R
Utah
George Sutherland R
Utah
Thomas Staples Martin D
Virginia
Carroll Smalley Page R
Vermont
Levi Ankeny R
Washington
Samuel Henry Piles R
Washington
Robert Marion La Follette R
Wisconsin
Isaac Stephenson R
Wisconsin
Stephen Benton Elkins R
West Virginia
Francis Emroy Warren R
Wyoming
Edmund Winston Pettus D
Alabama
James Kimbrough Jones D
Arkansas
Thomas Robert Bard R
California
Orville Hitchcock Platt R
Connecticut
Joseph Roswell Hawley R
Connecticut
Stephen Russell Mallory D
Florida
William Boyd Allison R
Iowa
Henry Heitfeld D
Idaho
William Ernest Mason R
Illinois
Charles Warren Fairbanks R
Indiana
William Alexander Harris P
Kansas
William Joseph Deboe R
Kentucky
George Louis Wellington R
Maryland
Louis Emory McComas R
Maryland
George Graham Vest D
Missouri
Francis Marion Cockrell D
Missouri
Jeter Connelly Pritchard R
North Carolina
John Percival Jones R
Nevada
William Morris Stewart R
Nevada
Marcus Alonzo Hanna R
Ohio
Joseph Simon R
Oregon
Matthew Stanley Quay R
Pennsylvania
John Lowndes McLaurin D
South Carolina
William Brimage Bate D
Tennessee
Joseph Lafayette Rawlins D
Utah
Redfield Proctor R
Vermont
George Turner D
Washington
Addison Gardner Foster R
Washington
John Coit Spooner R
Wisconsin
Joseph Very Quarles R
Wisconsin
legislative/houseHouse
+392congress-legislators ↗
Sep 14, 1901 ·
No data
Mar 3, 1909 · 221 R · 169 D · 1 I · 1 IR
Ariosto Appling Wiley (Democrat, AL-2)William Benjamin Craig (Democrat, AL-4)Henry De Lamar Clayton (Democrat, AL-3)Richmond Pearson Hobson (Democrat, AL-6)William Richardson (Democrat, AL-8)George Washington Taylor (Democrat, AL-1)John Lawson Burnett (Democrat, AL-7)Oscar Wilder Underwood (Democrat, AL-9)James Thomas Heflin (Democrat, AL-5)Stephen Brundidge Jr. (Democrat, AR-2)Charles Chester Reid (Democrat, AR-5)Robert Minor Wallace (Democrat, AR-7)Robert Bruce Macon (Democrat, AR-1)John Charles Floyd (Democrat, AR-3)Joseph Taylor Robinson (Democrat, AR-6)William Ben Cravens (Democrat, AR-4)Marcus Aurelius Smith (Democrat, AZ-AL)William Bailey Lamar (Democrat, FL-3)Stephen Milancthon Sparkman (Democrat, FL-1)Frank Clark (Democrat, FL-2)Elijah Banks Lewis (Democrat, GA-3)James Mathews Griggs (Democrat, GA-2)William Marcellus Howard (Democrat, GA-8)Leonidas Felix Livingston (Democrat, GA-5)William Gordon Brantley (Democrat, GA-11)Charles Lafayette Bartlett (Democrat, GA-6)Thomas William Hardwick (Democrat, GA-10)William Charles Adamson (Democrat, GA-4)Gordon Lee (Democrat, GA-7)Thomas Montgomery Bell (Democrat, GA-9)Charles Gordon Edwards (Democrat, GA-1)Daniel Webster Hamilton (Democrat, IA-6)Ben Franklin Caldwell (Democrat, IL-21)James Thomas McDermott (Democrat, IL-4)Martin David Foster (Democrat, IL-23)Henry Thomas Rainey (Democrat, IL-20)Adolph Joachim Sabath (Democrat, IL-5)John Alfred McDowell Adair (Democrat, IN-8)George Washington Rauch (Democrat, IN-11)William Elijah Cox (Democrat, IN-3)Lincoln Dixon (Democrat, IN-4)William Preston Kimball (Democrat, KY-7)Joseph Lafayette Rhinock (Democrat, KY-6)Ollie Murray James (Democrat, KY-1)Joseph Swagar Sherley (Democrat, KY-5)Harvey Helm (Democrat, KY-8)Augustus Owsley Stanley (Democrat, KY-2)Ben Johnson (Democrat, KY-4)Robert Charles Davey (Democrat, LA-2)Adolph Meyer (Democrat, LA-1)Arsène Paulin Pujo (Democrat, LA-7)Robert Foligny Broussard (Democrat, LA-3)John Thomas Watkins (Democrat, LA-4)George Kent Favrot (Democrat, LA-6)Joseph Eugene Ransdell (Democrat, LA-5)John Austin Keliher (Democrat, MA-9)Joseph Francis O’Connell (Democrat, MA-10)Andrew James Peters (Democrat, MA-11)Harry Benjamin Wolf (Democrat, MD-3)John Gill Jr. (Democrat, MD-4)Joshua Frederick Cockey Talbott (Democrat, MD-2)Winfield Scott Hammond (Democrat, MN-2)Thomas Hackney (Democrat, MO-15)James Robert Lamar (Democrat, MO-16)Madison Roswell Smith (Democrat, MO-13)David Albaugh De Armond (Democrat, MO-6)James Tilghman Lloyd (Democrat, MO-1)Courtney Walker Hamlin (Democrat, MO-7)Joseph James Russell (Democrat, MO-14)Dorsey William Shackleford (Democrat, MO-8)Joshua Willis Alexander (Democrat, MO-3)Charles Ferris Booher (Democrat, MO-4)James Beauchamp Clark (Democrat, MO-9)William Waller Rucker (Democrat, MO-2)Wilson Shedric Hill (Democrat, MS-4)Frank Alexander McLain (Democrat, MS-7)Eaton Jackson Bowers (Democrat, MS-6)Adam Monroe Byrd (Democrat, MS-5)Thomas Spight (Democrat, MS-2)John Sharp Williams (Democrat, MS-8)Ezekiel Samuel Candler Jr. (Democrat, MS-1)Benjamin Grubb Humphreys (Democrat, MS-3)William Thomas Crawford (Democrat, NC-10)Richard Nathaniel Hackett (Democrat, NC-8)William Walton Kitchin (Democrat, NC-5)Charles Randolph Thomas (Democrat, NC-3)Robert Newton Page (Democrat, NC-7)Hannibal Lafayette Godwin (Democrat, NC-6)John Humphrey Small (Democrat, NC-1)Edwin Yates Webb (Democrat, NC-9)Claude Kitchin (Democrat, NC-2)Edward William Pou (Democrat, NC-4)Gilbert Monell Hitchcock (Democrat, NE-2)Eugene Walter Leake (Democrat, NJ-9)Le Gage Pratt (Democrat, NJ-8)William Hughes (Democrat, NJ-6)James Alphonsus Hamill (Democrat, NJ-10)George Arthur Bartlett (Democrat, NV-AL)William Henry Ryan (Democrat, NY-35)William Forte Willett Jr. (Democrat, NY-14)Charles Vincent Fornes (Democrat, NY-11)George Henry Lindsay (Democrat, NY-2)William Sulzer (Democrat, NY-10)Francis Burton Harrison (Democrat, NY-16)Joseph Aloysius Goulden (Democrat, NY-18)John Joseph Fitzgerald (Democrat, NY-7)Henry Mayer Goldfogle (Democrat, NY-9)William Bourke Cockran (Democrat, NY-12)Daniel Joseph Riordan (Democrat, NY-8)William Ellsworth Tou Velle (Democrat, OH-4)Matthew Rombach Denver (Democrat, OH-6)Timothy Thomas Ansberry (Democrat, OH-5)Isaac R. Sherwood (Democrat, OH-9)William Albert Ashbrook (Democrat, OH-17)Elmer Lincoln Fulton (Democrat, OK-2)James Sanford Davenport (Democrat, OK-3)Scott Ferris (Democrat, OK-5)Charles David Carter (Democrat, OK-4)Joseph Davis Brodhead (Democrat, PA-26)John Thomas Lenahan (Democrat, PA-11)Thomas David Nicholls (Democrat, PA-10)George Washington Kipp (Democrat, PA-14)John Geiser McHenry (Democrat, PA-16)William Bauchop Wilson (Democrat, PA-15)John Hoover Rothermel (Democrat, PA-13)Daniel Larned Davis Granger (Democrat, RI-1)James O’Hanlon Patterson (Democrat, SC-2)James Edwin Ellerbe (Democrat, SC-6)George Swinton Legaré (Democrat, SC-1)Wyatt Aiken (Democrat, SC-3)Joseph Travis Johnson (Democrat, SC-4)David Edward Finley (Democrat, SC-5)Asbury Francis Lever (Democrat, SC-7)John Wesley Gaines (Democrat, TN-6)George Washington Gordon (Democrat, TN-10)William Cannon Houston (Democrat, TN-5)John Austin Moon (Democrat, TN-3)Thetus Willrette Sims (Democrat, TN-8)Lemuel Phillips Padgett (Democrat, TN-7)Finis James Garrett (Democrat, TN-9)Cordell Hull (Democrat, TN-4)Samuel Bronson Cooper (Democrat, TX-2)Oscar William Gillespie (Democrat, TX-12)Gordon James Russell (Democrat, TX-3)John Matthew Moore (Democrat, TX-8)Choice Boswell Randell (Democrat, TX-4)James Andrew Beall (Democrat, TX-5)Albert Sidney Burleson (Democrat, TX-10)George Farmer Burgess (Democrat, TX-9)Robert Lee Henry (Democrat, TX-11)William Robert Smith (Democrat, TX-16)John Hall Stephens (Democrat, TX-13)Alexander White Gregg (Democrat, TX-7)James Luther Slayden (Democrat, TX-14)Rufus Hardy (Democrat, TX-6)John Nance Garner (Democrat, TX-15)Morris Sheppard (Democrat, TX-1)John Franklin Rixey (Democrat, VA-AL)Francis Rives Lassiter (Democrat, VA-4)Harry Lee Maynard (Democrat, VA-2)John Lamb (Democrat, VA-3)James Hay (Democrat, VA-7)William Atkinson Jones (Democrat, VA-1)Charles Creighton Carlin (Democrat, VA-8)Edward Watts Saunders (Democrat, VA-5)Henry De La Warr Flood (Democrat, VA-10)Carter Glass (Democrat, VA-6)James William Murphy (Democrat, WI-3)Charles Herman Weisse (Democrat, WI-6)Thomas Cale (Independent, AK-AL)Peter Augustus Porter (Ind. Republican, NY-34)William Fellows Englebright (Republican, CA-1)Duncan E. McKinlay (Republican, CA-2)James McLachlan (Republican, CA-7)James Carson Needham (Republican, CA-6)Sylvester Clark Smith (Republican, CA-8)Joseph Russell Knowland (Republican, CA-3)Everis Anson Hayes (Republican, CA-5)Julius Kahn (Republican, CA-4)Robert William Bonynge (Republican, CO-1)George Washington Cook (Republican, CO-AL)Warren Armstrong Haggott (Republican, CO-2)George Leavens Lilley (Republican, CT-AL)Nehemiah Day Sperry (Republican, CT-2)Edward Stevens Henry (Republican, CT-1)Edwin Werter Higgins (Republican, CT-3)Ebenezer J. Hill (Republican, CT-4)Hiram Rodney Burton (Republican, DE-AL)Jonah Kuhio Kalanianaole (Republican, HI-AL)Benjamin Pixley Birdsall (Republican, IA-3)James Perry Conner (Republican, IA-10)Robert Gordon Cousins (Republican, IA-5)William Peters Hepburn (Republican, IA-8)Albert Foster Dawson (Republican, IA-2)John Albert Tiffin Hull (Republican, IA-7)Elbert Hamilton Hubbard (Republican, IA-11)Walter Inglewood Smith (Republican, IA-9)Charles Augustus Kennedy (Republican, IA-1)Gilbert Nelson Haugen (Republican, IA-4)Burton Lee French (Republican, ID-1)Philip Knopf (Republican, IL-7)Charles McGavin (Republican, IL-8)George Washington Smith (Republican, IL-25)Henry Sherman Boutell (Republican, IL-9)Pleasant Thomas Chapman (Republican, IL-24)Joseph Verdi Graff (Republican, IL-16)William Lorimer (Republican, IL-6)Frank Orren Lowden (Republican, IL-13)Howard Malcolm Snapp (Republican, IL-11)James McKinney (Republican, IL-14)George Washington Prince (Republican, IL-15)George Edmund Foss (Republican, IL-10)John Allen Sterling (Republican, IL-17)William Warfield Wilson (Republican, IL-3)Joseph Gurney Cannon (Republican, IL-18)James Robert Mann (Republican, IL-2)William Brown McKinley (Republican, IL-19)William August Rodenberg (Republican, IL-22)Charles Eugene Fuller (Republican, IL-12)Martin Barnaby Madden (Republican, IL-1)Abraham Lincoln Brick (Republican, IN-13)John Crawford Chaney (Republican, IN-2)John Hopkins Foster (Republican, IN-1)Clarence Chauncey Gilhams (Republican, IN-12)Elias Selah Holliday (Republican, IN-5)Charles Beary Landis (Republican, IN-9)Jesse Overstreet (Republican, IN-7)Edgar Dean Crumpacker (Republican, IN-10)James Eli Watson (Republican, IN-6)William Alexander Calderhead (Republican, KS-5)James Monroe Miller (Republican, KS-4)William Augustus Reeder (Republican, KS-6)Charles Frederick Scott (Republican, KS-2)Edmond Haggard Madison (Republican, KS-7)Victor Murdock (Republican, KS-8)Philip Pitt Campbell (Republican, KS-3)Daniel Read Anthony Jr. (Republican, KS-1)Addison Davis James (Republican, KY-3)Joseph Bentley Bennett (Republican, KY-9)Don Calvin Edwards (Republican, KY-11)John Wesley Langley (Republican, KY-10)William Croad Lovering (Republican, MA-14)Charles Quincy Tirrell (Republican, MA-4)Charles Grenfill Washburn (Republican, MA-3)Butler Ames (Republican, MA-5)George Pelton Lawrence (Republican, MA-1)Samuel Walker McCall (Republican, MA-8)John Wingate Weeks (Republican, MA-12)Ernest William Roberts (Republican, MA-7)Augustus Peabody Gardner (Republican, MA-6)William Stedman Greene (Republican, MA-13)Frederick Huntington Gillett (Republican, MA-2)William Humphreys Jackson (Republican, MD-1)Sydney Emanuel Mudd (Republican, MD-5)George Alexander Pearre (Republican, MD-6)Charles Edgar Littlefield (Republican, ME-2)Llewellyn Powers (Republican, ME-4)Amos Lawrence Allen (Republican, ME-1)Edwin Chick Burleigh (Republican, ME-3)Archibald Bard Darragh (Republican, MI-11)Edwin Denby (Republican, MI-1)Gerrit John Diekema (Republican, MI-5)Washington Gardner (Republican, MI-3)Henry Gordon McMorran (Republican, MI-7)Samuel William Smith (Republican, MI-6)Horace Olin Young (Republican, MI-12)George Alvin Loud (Republican, MI-10)Charles Elroy Townsend (Republican, MI-2)Edward La Rue Hamilton (Republican, MI-4)Joseph Warren Fordney (Republican, MI-8)James Campbell McLaughlin (Republican, MI-9)James Adam Bede (Republican, MN-8)James Albertus Tawney (Republican, MN-1)Frank Mellen Nye (Republican, MN-5)Frederick Clement Stevens (Republican, MN-4)Charles August Lindbergh (Republican, MN-6)Halvor Steenerson (Republican, MN-9)Andrew John Volstead (Republican, MN-7)Charles Russell Davis (Republican, MN-3)Henry Stewart Caulfield (Republican, MO-11)Harry Marcy Coudrey (Republican, MO-12)Richard Bartholdt (Republican, MO-10)Edgar Clarence Ellis (Republican, MO-5)Charles Nelson Pray (Republican, MT-1)Thomas Frank Marshall (Republican, ND-AL)John Frank Boyd (Republican, NE-3)Ernest Mark Pollard (Republican, NE-1)Edmund Howard Hinshaw (Republican, NE-4)Moses Pierce Kinkaid (Republican, NE-6)George William Norris (Republican, NE-5)Frank Dunklee Currier (Republican, NH-2)Cyrus Adams Sulloway (Republican, NH-1)Charles Newell Fowler (Republican, NJ-5)Benjamin Franklin Howell (Republican, NJ-3)John James Gardner (Republican, NJ-2)Henry Clay Loudenslager (Republican, NJ-1)Ira Wells Wood (Republican, NJ-4)Richard Wayne Parker (Republican, NJ-7)William Henry Andrews (Republican, NM-AL)Charles Tappan Dunwell (Republican, NY-3)Samuel McMillan (Republican, NY-21)James Schoolcraft Sherman (Republican, NY-27)George Ernest Waldo (Republican, NY-5)De Alva Stanwood Alexander (Republican, NY-36)William Willets Cocks (Republican, NY-1)Cyrus Durey (Republican, NY-25)Jacob Sloat Fassett (Republican, NY-33)Charles Luman Knapp (Republican, NY-28)Charles Blakeslee Law (Republican, NY-4)Jacob Van Vechten Olcott (Republican, NY-15)Herbert Parsons (Republican, NY-13)James Breck Perkins (Republican, NY-32)George Newell Southwick (Republican, NY-23)John Emory Andrus (Republican, NY-19)Thomas Wilson Bradley (Republican, NY-20)William Henry Draper (Republican, NY-22)Michael Edward Driscoll (Republican, NY-29)John Wilbur Dwight (Republican, NY-30)George Roland Malby (Republican, NY-26)Edward Butterfield Vreeland (Republican, NY-37)Sereno Elisha Payne (Republican, NY-31)William Stiles Bennet (Republican, NY-17)William Musgrave Calder (Republican, NY-6)George Winthrop Fairchild (Republican, NY-24)Henry Towne Bannon (Republican, OH-10)Beman Gates Dawes (Republican, OH-15)John Eugene Harding (Republican, OH-3)Jay Ford Laning (Republican, OH-14)Grant Earl Mouser (Republican, OH-13)Capell Lane Weems (Republican, OH-16)Ralph Dayton Cole (Republican, OH-8)Albert Douglas (Republican, OH-11)Herman Philip Goebel (Republican, OH-2)Joseph Warren Keifer (Republican, OH-7)James Kennedy (Republican, OH-18)William Aubrey Thomas (Republican, OH-19)Leonard Paul Howland (Republican, OH-20)Edward Livingston Taylor Jr. (Republican, OH-12)Theodore Elijah Burton (Republican, OH-21)Nicholas Longworth (Republican, OH-1)Bird Segle McGuire (Republican, OK-1)William Russell Ellis (Republican, OR-2)Willis Chatman Hawley (Republican, OR-1)Ernest Francis Acheson (Republican, PA-24)Joseph Grant Beale (Republican, PA-27)Charles Napoleon Brumm (Republican, PA-12)Henry Burd Cassel (Republican, PA-9)John Edgar Reyburn (Republican, PA-2)Charles Frederick Barclay (Republican, PA-21)Allen Foster Cooper (Republican, PA-23)William Walker Foulkrod (Republican, PA-5)William Harrison Graham (Republican, PA-29)George Franklin Huff (Republican, PA-22)John Merriman Reynolds (Republican, PA-19)Irving Price Wanger (Republican, PA-8)Nelson Platt Wheeler (Republican, PA-28)Arthur Laban Bates (Republican, PA-25)Henry Harrison Bingham (Republican, PA-1)John Dalzell (Republican, PA-30)George Deardorff McCreary (Republican, PA-6)Reuben Osborne Moon (Republican, PA-4)Marlin Edgar Olmsted (Republican, PA-18)James Francis Burke (Republican, PA-31)Andrew Jackson Barchfeld (Republican, PA-32)Daniel Franklin Lafean (Republican, PA-20)Joseph Hampton Moore (Republican, PA-3)Thomas Stalker Butler (Republican, PA-7)Benjamin Kurtz Focht (Republican, PA-17)Adin Ballou Capron (Republican, RI-2)Philo Hall (Republican, SD-AL)Nathan Wesley Hale (Republican, TN-2)Walter Preston Brownlow (Republican, TN-1)Joseph Howell (Republican, UT-1)Campbell Slemp (Republican, VA-9)Kittredge Haskins (Republican, VT-2)David Johnson Foster (Republican, VT-1)Francis Wellington Cushman (Republican, WA-AL)John James Jenkins (Republican, WI-11)Gustav Küstermann (Republican, WI-9)Elmer Addison Morse (Republican, WI-10)William Joseph Cary (Republican, WI-4)James Henry Davidson (Republican, WI-8)John Jacob Esch (Republican, WI-7)Henry Allen Cooper (Republican, WI-1)John Mandt Nelson (Republican, WI-2)William Henry Stafford (Republican, WI-5)Joseph Holt Gaines (Republican, WV-3)William Pallister Hubbard (Republican, WV-1)George Cookman Sturgiss (Republican, WV-2)Harry Chapman Woodyard (Republican, WV-4)James Anthony Hughes (Republican, WV-5)Franklin Wheeler Mondell (Republican, WY-AL)
392 new members · 0 departed · 0 served on both dates · women 0 → 0
50 state delegations changed
Show delegation changes
Alaska 0 D · 0 R
Alaska 0 D · 0 R · 1 other
Alabama 0 D · 0 R
Alabama 9 D · 0 R
Arkansas 0 D · 0 R
Arkansas 7 D · 0 R
Arizona 0 D · 0 R
Arizona 1 D · 0 R
California 0 D · 0 R
California 0 D · 8 R
Colorado 0 D · 0 R
Colorado 0 D · 3 R
Connecticut 0 D · 0 R
Connecticut 0 D · 5 R
Delaware 0 D · 0 R
Delaware 0 D · 1 R
Florida 0 D · 0 R
Florida 3 D · 0 R
Georgia 0 D · 0 R
Georgia 11 D · 0 R
Hawaii 0 D · 0 R
Hawaii 0 D · 1 R
Iowa 0 D · 0 R
Iowa 1 D · 10 R
Idaho 0 D · 0 R
Idaho 0 D · 1 R
Illinois 0 D · 0 R
Illinois 5 D · 20 R
Indiana 0 D · 0 R
Indiana 4 D · 9 R
Kansas 0 D · 0 R
Kansas 0 D · 8 R
Kentucky 0 D · 0 R
Kentucky 7 D · 4 R
Louisiana 0 D · 0 R
Louisiana 7 D · 0 R
Massachusetts 0 D · 0 R
Massachusetts 3 D · 11 R
Maryland 0 D · 0 R
Maryland 3 D · 3 R
Maine 0 D · 0 R
Maine 0 D · 4 R
Michigan 0 D · 0 R
Michigan 0 D · 12 R
Minnesota 0 D · 0 R
Minnesota 1 D · 8 R
Missouri 0 D · 0 R
Missouri 12 D · 4 R
Mississippi 0 D · 0 R
Mississippi 8 D · 0 R
Montana 0 D · 0 R
Montana 0 D · 1 R
North Carolina 0 D · 0 R
North Carolina 10 D · 0 R
North Dakota 0 D · 0 R
North Dakota 0 D · 1 R
Nebraska 0 D · 0 R
Nebraska 1 D · 5 R
New Hampshire 0 D · 0 R
New Hampshire 0 D · 2 R
New Jersey 0 D · 0 R
New Jersey 4 D · 6 R
New Mexico 0 D · 0 R
New Mexico 0 D · 1 R
Nevada 0 D · 0 R
Nevada 1 D · 0 R
New York 0 D · 0 R
New York 11 D · 25 R · 1 other
Ohio 0 D · 0 R
Ohio 5 D · 16 R
Oklahoma 0 D · 0 R
Oklahoma 4 D · 1 R
Oregon 0 D · 0 R
Oregon 0 D · 2 R
Pennsylvania 0 D · 0 R
Pennsylvania 7 D · 25 R
Rhode Island 0 D · 0 R
Rhode Island 1 D · 1 R
South Carolina 0 D · 0 R
South Carolina 7 D · 0 R
South Dakota 0 D · 0 R
South Dakota 0 D · 1 R
Tennessee 0 D · 0 R
Tennessee 8 D · 2 R
Texas 0 D · 0 R
Texas 16 D · 0 R
Utah 0 D · 0 R
Utah 0 D · 1 R
Virginia 0 D · 0 R
Virginia 10 D · 1 R
Vermont 0 D · 0 R
Vermont 0 D · 2 R
Washington 0 D · 0 R
Washington 0 D · 1 R
Wisconsin 0 D · 0 R
Wisconsin 2 D · 9 R
West Virginia 0 D · 0 R
West Virginia 0 D · 5 R
Wyoming 0 D · 0 R
Wyoming 0 D · 1 R
Who joined and who left (392 in · 0 out)
Thomas Cale I
Alaska-AL
Ariosto Appling Wiley D
Alabama-2
William Benjamin Craig D
Alabama-4
Henry De Lamar Clayton D
Alabama-3
Richmond Pearson Hobson D
Alabama-6
William Richardson D
Alabama-8
George Washington Taylor D
Alabama-1
John Lawson Burnett D
Alabama-7
Oscar Wilder Underwood D
Alabama-9
James Thomas Heflin D
Alabama-5
Stephen Brundidge Jr. D
Arkansas-2
Charles Chester Reid D
Arkansas-5
Robert Minor Wallace D
Arkansas-7
Robert Bruce Macon D
Arkansas-1
John Charles Floyd D
Arkansas-3
Joseph Taylor Robinson D
Arkansas-6
William Ben Cravens D
Arkansas-4
Marcus Aurelius Smith D
Arizona-AL
William Fellows Englebright R
California-1
Duncan E. McKinlay R
California-2
James McLachlan R
California-7
James Carson Needham R
California-6
Sylvester Clark Smith R
California-8
Joseph Russell Knowland R
California-3
Everis Anson Hayes R
California-5
Julius Kahn R
California-4
Robert William Bonynge R
Colorado-1
George Washington Cook R
Colorado-AL
Warren Armstrong Haggott R
Colorado-2
George Leavens Lilley R
Connecticut-AL
Nehemiah Day Sperry R
Connecticut-2
Edward Stevens Henry R
Connecticut-1
Edwin Werter Higgins R
Connecticut-3
Ebenezer J. Hill R
Connecticut-4
Hiram Rodney Burton R
Delaware-AL
William Bailey Lamar D
Florida-3
Stephen Milancthon Sparkman D
Florida-1
Frank Clark D
Florida-2
Elijah Banks Lewis D
Georgia-3
James Mathews Griggs D
Georgia-2
William Marcellus Howard D
Georgia-8
Leonidas Felix Livingston D
Georgia-5
William Gordon Brantley D
Georgia-11
Charles Lafayette Bartlett D
Georgia-6
Thomas William Hardwick D
Georgia-10
William Charles Adamson D
Georgia-4
Gordon Lee D
Georgia-7
Thomas Montgomery Bell D
Georgia-9
Charles Gordon Edwards D
Georgia-1
Jonah Kuhio Kalanianaole R
Hawaii-AL
Benjamin Pixley Birdsall R
Iowa-3
James Perry Conner R
Iowa-10
Robert Gordon Cousins R
Iowa-5
Daniel Webster Hamilton D
Iowa-6
William Peters Hepburn R
Iowa-8
Albert Foster Dawson R
Iowa-2
John Albert Tiffin Hull R
Iowa-7
Elbert Hamilton Hubbard R
Iowa-11
Walter Inglewood Smith R
Iowa-9
Charles Augustus Kennedy R
Iowa-1
Gilbert Nelson Haugen R
Iowa-4
Burton Lee French R
Idaho-1
Ben Franklin Caldwell D
Illinois-21
Philip Knopf R
Illinois-7
Charles McGavin R
Illinois-8
George Washington Smith R
Illinois-25
Henry Sherman Boutell R
Illinois-9
Pleasant Thomas Chapman R
Illinois-24
Joseph Verdi Graff R
Illinois-16
William Lorimer R
Illinois-6
Frank Orren Lowden R
Illinois-13
Howard Malcolm Snapp R
Illinois-11
James McKinney R
Illinois-14
George Washington Prince R
Illinois-15
James Thomas McDermott D
Illinois-4
George Edmund Foss R
Illinois-10
Martin David Foster D
Illinois-23
John Allen Sterling R
Illinois-17
William Warfield Wilson R
Illinois-3
Joseph Gurney Cannon R
Illinois-18
James Robert Mann R
Illinois-2
William Brown McKinley R
Illinois-19
William August Rodenberg R
Illinois-22
Charles Eugene Fuller R
Illinois-12
Martin Barnaby Madden R
Illinois-1
Henry Thomas Rainey D
Illinois-20
Adolph Joachim Sabath D
Illinois-5
Abraham Lincoln Brick R
Indiana-13
John Crawford Chaney R
Indiana-2
John Hopkins Foster R
Indiana-1
Clarence Chauncey Gilhams R
Indiana-12
Elias Selah Holliday R
Indiana-5
Charles Beary Landis R
Indiana-9
Jesse Overstreet R
Indiana-7
Edgar Dean Crumpacker R
Indiana-10
John Alfred McDowell Adair D
Indiana-8
George Washington Rauch D
Indiana-11
William Elijah Cox D
Indiana-3
Lincoln Dixon D
Indiana-4
James Eli Watson R
Indiana-6
William Alexander Calderhead R
Kansas-5
James Monroe Miller R
Kansas-4
William Augustus Reeder R
Kansas-6
Charles Frederick Scott R
Kansas-2
Edmond Haggard Madison R
Kansas-7
Victor Murdock R
Kansas-8
Philip Pitt Campbell R
Kansas-3
Daniel Read Anthony Jr. R
Kansas-1
Addison Davis James R
Kentucky-3
William Preston Kimball D
Kentucky-7
Joseph Bentley Bennett R
Kentucky-9
Don Calvin Edwards R
Kentucky-11
Joseph Lafayette Rhinock D
Kentucky-6
Ollie Murray James D
Kentucky-1
Joseph Swagar Sherley D
Kentucky-5
Harvey Helm D
Kentucky-8
Augustus Owsley Stanley D
Kentucky-2
Ben Johnson D
Kentucky-4
John Wesley Langley R
Kentucky-10
Robert Charles Davey D
Louisiana-2
Adolph Meyer D
Louisiana-1
Arsène Paulin Pujo D
Louisiana-7
Robert Foligny Broussard D
Louisiana-3
John Thomas Watkins D
Louisiana-4
George Kent Favrot D
Louisiana-6
Joseph Eugene Ransdell D
Louisiana-5
John Austin Keliher D
Massachusetts-9
William Croad Lovering R
Massachusetts-14
Joseph Francis O’Connell D
Massachusetts-10
Charles Quincy Tirrell R
Massachusetts-4
Charles Grenfill Washburn R
Massachusetts-3
Butler Ames R
Massachusetts-5
George Pelton Lawrence R
Massachusetts-1
Samuel Walker McCall R
Massachusetts-8
Andrew James Peters D
Massachusetts-11
John Wingate Weeks R
Massachusetts-12
Ernest William Roberts R
Massachusetts-7
Augustus Peabody Gardner R
Massachusetts-6
William Stedman Greene R
Massachusetts-13
Frederick Huntington Gillett R
Massachusetts-2
William Humphreys Jackson R
Maryland-1
Harry Benjamin Wolf D
Maryland-3
John Gill Jr. D
Maryland-4
Sydney Emanuel Mudd R
Maryland-5
George Alexander Pearre R
Maryland-6
Joshua Frederick Cockey Talbott D
Maryland-2
Charles Edgar Littlefield R
Maine-2
Llewellyn Powers R
Maine-4
Amos Lawrence Allen R
Maine-1
Edwin Chick Burleigh R
Maine-3
Archibald Bard Darragh R
Michigan-11
Edwin Denby R
Michigan-1
Gerrit John Diekema R
Michigan-5
Washington Gardner R
Michigan-3
Henry Gordon McMorran R
Michigan-7
Samuel William Smith R
Michigan-6
Horace Olin Young R
Michigan-12
George Alvin Loud R
Michigan-10
Charles Elroy Townsend R
Michigan-2
Edward La Rue Hamilton R
Michigan-4
Joseph Warren Fordney R
Michigan-8
James Campbell McLaughlin R
Michigan-9
James Adam Bede R
Minnesota-8
James Albertus Tawney R
Minnesota-1
Frank Mellen Nye R
Minnesota-5
Winfield Scott Hammond D
Minnesota-2
Frederick Clement Stevens R
Minnesota-4
Charles August Lindbergh R
Minnesota-6
Halvor Steenerson R
Minnesota-9
Andrew John Volstead R
Minnesota-7
Charles Russell Davis R
Minnesota-3
Henry Stewart Caulfield R
Missouri-11
Thomas Hackney D
Missouri-15
James Robert Lamar D
Missouri-16
Madison Roswell Smith D
Missouri-13
Harry Marcy Coudrey R
Missouri-12
David Albaugh De Armond D
Missouri-6
Richard Bartholdt R
Missouri-10
James Tilghman Lloyd D
Missouri-1
Courtney Walker Hamlin D
Missouri-7
Joseph James Russell D
Missouri-14
Dorsey William Shackleford D
Missouri-8
Joshua Willis Alexander D
Missouri-3
Charles Ferris Booher D
Missouri-4
James Beauchamp Clark D
Missouri-9
William Waller Rucker D
Missouri-2
Edgar Clarence Ellis R
Missouri-5
Wilson Shedric Hill D
Mississippi-4
Frank Alexander McLain D
Mississippi-7
Eaton Jackson Bowers D
Mississippi-6
Adam Monroe Byrd D
Mississippi-5
Thomas Spight D
Mississippi-2
John Sharp Williams D
Mississippi-8
Ezekiel Samuel Candler Jr. D
Mississippi-1
Benjamin Grubb Humphreys D
Mississippi-3
Charles Nelson Pray R
Montana-1
William Thomas Crawford D
North Carolina-10
Richard Nathaniel Hackett D
North Carolina-8
William Walton Kitchin D
North Carolina-5
Charles Randolph Thomas D
North Carolina-3
Robert Newton Page D
North Carolina-7
Hannibal Lafayette Godwin D
North Carolina-6
John Humphrey Small D
North Carolina-1
Edwin Yates Webb D
North Carolina-9
Claude Kitchin D
North Carolina-2
Edward William Pou D
North Carolina-4
Thomas Frank Marshall R
North Dakota-AL
John Frank Boyd R
Nebraska-3
Ernest Mark Pollard R
Nebraska-1
Edmund Howard Hinshaw R
Nebraska-4
Gilbert Monell Hitchcock D
Nebraska-2
Moses Pierce Kinkaid R
Nebraska-6
George William Norris R
Nebraska-5
Frank Dunklee Currier R
New Hampshire-2
Cyrus Adams Sulloway R
New Hampshire-1
Eugene Walter Leake D
New Jersey-9
Le Gage Pratt D
New Jersey-8
Charles Newell Fowler R
New Jersey-5
Benjamin Franklin Howell R
New Jersey-3
John James Gardner R
New Jersey-2
Henry Clay Loudenslager R
New Jersey-1
Ira Wells Wood R
New Jersey-4
William Hughes D
New Jersey-6
James Alphonsus Hamill D
New Jersey-10
Richard Wayne Parker R
New Jersey-7
William Henry Andrews R
New Mexico-AL
George Arthur Bartlett D
Nevada-AL
Charles Tappan Dunwell R
New York-3
Samuel McMillan R
New York-21
Peter Augustus Porter IR
New York-34
William Henry Ryan D
New York-35
James Schoolcraft Sherman R
New York-27
George Ernest Waldo R
New York-5
De Alva Stanwood Alexander R
New York-36
William Willets Cocks R
New York-1
Cyrus Durey R
New York-25
Jacob Sloat Fassett R
New York-33
Charles Luman Knapp R
New York-28
Charles Blakeslee Law R
New York-4
Jacob Van Vechten Olcott R
New York-15
Herbert Parsons R
New York-13
James Breck Perkins R
New York-32
George Newell Southwick R
New York-23
William Forte Willett Jr. D
New York-14
John Emory Andrus R
New York-19
Thomas Wilson Bradley R
New York-20
William Henry Draper R
New York-22
Michael Edward Driscoll R
New York-29
John Wilbur Dwight R
New York-30
Charles Vincent Fornes D
New York-11
George Henry Lindsay D
New York-2
George Roland Malby R
New York-26
William Sulzer D
New York-10
Edward Butterfield Vreeland R
New York-37
Francis Burton Harrison D
New York-16
Sereno Elisha Payne R
New York-31
William Stiles Bennet R
New York-17
Joseph Aloysius Goulden D
New York-18
William Musgrave Calder R
New York-6
George Winthrop Fairchild R
New York-24
John Joseph Fitzgerald D
New York-7
Henry Mayer Goldfogle D
New York-9
William Bourke Cockran D
New York-12
Daniel Joseph Riordan D
New York-8
Henry Towne Bannon R
Ohio-10
Beman Gates Dawes R
Ohio-15
John Eugene Harding R
Ohio-3
Jay Ford Laning R
Ohio-14
Grant Earl Mouser R
Ohio-13
Capell Lane Weems R
Ohio-16
Ralph Dayton Cole R
Ohio-8
Albert Douglas R
Ohio-11
Herman Philip Goebel R
Ohio-2
Joseph Warren Keifer R
Ohio-7
James Kennedy R
Ohio-18
William Aubrey Thomas R
Ohio-19
William Ellsworth Tou Velle D
Ohio-4
Matthew Rombach Denver D
Ohio-6
Leonard Paul Howland R
Ohio-20
Edward Livingston Taylor Jr. R
Ohio-12
Timothy Thomas Ansberry D
Ohio-5
Isaac R. Sherwood D
Ohio-9
Theodore Elijah Burton R
Ohio-21
Nicholas Longworth R
Ohio-1
William Albert Ashbrook D
Ohio-17
Elmer Lincoln Fulton D
Oklahoma-2
Bird Segle McGuire R
Oklahoma-1
James Sanford Davenport D
Oklahoma-3
Scott Ferris D
Oklahoma-5
Charles David Carter D
Oklahoma-4
William Russell Ellis R
Oregon-2
Willis Chatman Hawley R
Oregon-1
Ernest Francis Acheson R
Pennsylvania-24
Joseph Grant Beale R
Pennsylvania-27
Joseph Davis Brodhead D
Pennsylvania-26
Charles Napoleon Brumm R
Pennsylvania-12
Henry Burd Cassel R
Pennsylvania-9
John Thomas Lenahan D
Pennsylvania-11
John Edgar Reyburn R
Pennsylvania-2
Charles Frederick Barclay R
Pennsylvania-21
Allen Foster Cooper R
Pennsylvania-23
William Walker Foulkrod R
Pennsylvania-5
William Harrison Graham R
Pennsylvania-29
George Franklin Huff R
Pennsylvania-22
Thomas David Nicholls D
Pennsylvania-10
John Merriman Reynolds R
Pennsylvania-19
Irving Price Wanger R
Pennsylvania-8
Nelson Platt Wheeler R
Pennsylvania-28
Arthur Laban Bates R
Pennsylvania-25
Henry Harrison Bingham R
Pennsylvania-1
John Dalzell R
Pennsylvania-30
George Washington Kipp D
Pennsylvania-14
George Deardorff McCreary R
Pennsylvania-6
John Geiser McHenry D
Pennsylvania-16
Reuben Osborne Moon R
Pennsylvania-4
Marlin Edgar Olmsted R
Pennsylvania-18
William Bauchop Wilson D
Pennsylvania-15
James Francis Burke R
Pennsylvania-31
John Hoover Rothermel D
Pennsylvania-13
Andrew Jackson Barchfeld R
Pennsylvania-32
Daniel Franklin Lafean R
Pennsylvania-20
Joseph Hampton Moore R
Pennsylvania-3
Thomas Stalker Butler R
Pennsylvania-7
Benjamin Kurtz Focht R
Pennsylvania-17
Daniel Larned Davis Granger D
Rhode Island-1
Adin Ballou Capron R
Rhode Island-2
James O’Hanlon Patterson D
South Carolina-2
James Edwin Ellerbe D
South Carolina-6
George Swinton Legaré D
South Carolina-1
Wyatt Aiken D
South Carolina-3
Joseph Travis Johnson D
South Carolina-4
David Edward Finley D
South Carolina-5
Asbury Francis Lever D
South Carolina-7
Philo Hall R
South Dakota-AL
John Wesley Gaines D
Tennessee-6
Nathan Wesley Hale R
Tennessee-2
Walter Preston Brownlow R
Tennessee-1
George Washington Gordon D
Tennessee-10
William Cannon Houston D
Tennessee-5
John Austin Moon D
Tennessee-3
Thetus Willrette Sims D
Tennessee-8
Lemuel Phillips Padgett D
Tennessee-7
Finis James Garrett D
Tennessee-9
Cordell Hull D
Tennessee-4
Samuel Bronson Cooper D
Texas-2
Oscar William Gillespie D
Texas-12
Gordon James Russell D
Texas-3
John Matthew Moore D
Texas-8
Choice Boswell Randell D
Texas-4
James Andrew Beall D
Texas-5
Albert Sidney Burleson D
Texas-10
George Farmer Burgess D
Texas-9
Robert Lee Henry D
Texas-11
William Robert Smith D
Texas-16
John Hall Stephens D
Texas-13
Alexander White Gregg D
Texas-7
James Luther Slayden D
Texas-14
Rufus Hardy D
Texas-6
John Nance Garner D
Texas-15
Morris Sheppard D
Texas-1
Joseph Howell R
Utah-1
John Franklin Rixey D
Virginia-AL
Campbell Slemp R
Virginia-9
Francis Rives Lassiter D
Virginia-4
Harry Lee Maynard D
Virginia-2
John Lamb D
Virginia-3
James Hay D
Virginia-7
William Atkinson Jones D
Virginia-1
Charles Creighton Carlin D
Virginia-8
Edward Watts Saunders D
Virginia-5
Henry De La Warr Flood D
Virginia-10
Carter Glass D
Virginia-6
Kittredge Haskins R
Vermont-2
David Johnson Foster R
Vermont-1
Francis Wellington Cushman R
Washington-AL
John James Jenkins R
Wisconsin-11
James William Murphy D
Wisconsin-3
Gustav Küstermann R
Wisconsin-9
Charles Herman Weisse D
Wisconsin-6
Elmer Addison Morse R
Wisconsin-10
William Joseph Cary R
Wisconsin-4
James Henry Davidson R
Wisconsin-8
John Jacob Esch R
Wisconsin-7
Henry Allen Cooper R
Wisconsin-1
John Mandt Nelson R
Wisconsin-2
William Henry Stafford R
Wisconsin-5
Joseph Holt Gaines R
West Virginia-3
William Pallister Hubbard R
West Virginia-1
George Cookman Sturgiss R
West Virginia-2
Harry Chapman Woodyard R
West Virginia-4
James Anthony Hughes R
West Virginia-5
Franklin Wheeler Mondell R
Wyoming-AL
legislative/lawsLaws enacted
+24Congress.gov ↗
Complete lists of public laws start with the 93rd Congress (Jan 3, 1973). Earlier years show notable and landmark acts only.
24 laws recorded · 1 landmark · 23 notable
Pure Food and Drug Act landmark
Ch. 3915, Sess. 1, 59th Cong. · Jun 30, 1906
Newlands Reclamation Act
Ch. 1093, Sess. 1, 57th Cong. · Jun 17, 1902
Isthmian Canal Act (Panama Canal)
Ch. 1302, Sess. 1, 57th Cong. · Jun 28, 1902
Philippine Organic Act (the basic law of the Insular Government)
Ch. 1369, Sess. 1, 57th Cong. · Jul 1, 1902
Militia Act of 1903
Ch. 196, Sess. 2, 57th Cong. · Jan 21, 1903
Expediting Act
Ch. 544, Sess. 2, 57th Cong. · Feb 11, 1903
Department of Commerce and Labor Act
Ch. 552, Sess. 2, 57th Cong. · Feb 14, 1903
Elkins Act
Ch. 708, Sess. 2, 57th Cong. · Feb 19, 1903
Immigration Act of 1903
Ch. 1012, Sess. 2, 57th Cong. · Mar 3, 1903
Kinkaid Act
Ch. 1801, Sess. 1, 58th Cong. · Apr 28, 1904
Show 14 more notable laws
Transfer Act of 1905
Ch. 288, Sess. 3, 58th Cong. · Feb 1, 1905
Burke Act
Ch. 2348, Sess. 1, 59th Cong. · May 8, 1906
Foreign Dredge Act of 1906
May 28, 1906
Federal Employers Liability Act
Ch. 3073, Sess. 1, 59th Cong. · Jun 1, 1906
Antiquities Act (National Monument Act)
Ch. 3060, Sess. 1, 59th Cong. · Jun 8, 1906
Oklahoma Enabling Act
Ch. 3335, Sess. 1, 59th Cong. · Jun 16, 1906
Hepburn Act
Ch. 3591, Sess. 1, 59th Cong. · Jun 29, 1906
Meat Inspection Act (Beveridge Act)
Jun 30, 1906
Federal Meat Inspection Act
Ch. 3913, Sess. 1, 59th Cong. · Jun 30, 1906
Tillman Act of 1907
Ch. 420, Sess. 2, 59th Cong. · Jan 26, 1907
Immigration Act of 1907
Ch. 1134, Sess. 2, 59th Cong. · Feb 20, 1907
Expatriation Act of 1907
Ch. 2534, Sess. 2, 59th Cong. · Mar 2, 1907
Federal Employers Liability Act
Pub. L. 60-100 · Apr 22, 1908
Aldrich–Vreeland Act
Pub. L. 60-169 · May 30, 1908

Judicial3 files+1,578−3

judicial/supreme-courtThe Supreme Court
+3−3Federal Judicial Center ↗
Bench by appointing party: 6 R · 3 D → 6 R · 3 D · every justice ↗
Horace Gray R
appointed by Chester A. Arthur · 1881
Henry Billings Brown R
appointed by Benjamin Harrison · 1890
George Shiras, Jr. R
appointed by Benjamin Harrison · 1892
Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. R
appointed by Theodore Roosevelt · 1902
William Rufus Day R
appointed by Theodore Roosevelt · 1903
William Henry Moody R
appointed by Theodore Roosevelt · 1906
6 justices served on both dates
John Marshall Harlan R
appointed by Rutherford B. Hayes · 1877
Melville Weston Fuller D
appointed by Grover Cleveland · 1888
David Josiah Brewer R
appointed by Benjamin Harrison · 1889
Edward Douglass White D
appointed by Grover Cleveland · 1894
Rufus Wheeler Peckham D
appointed by Grover Cleveland · 1895
Joseph McKenna R
appointed by William McKinley · 1898
judicial/lower-courtsAppeals & district courts
+104Federal Judicial Center ↗
Courts of appeals (active judges): 13 R · 8 D · 6 N( → 26 R · 3 N( · 2 D
District courts (active judges): 51 R · 21 D · 2 N( → 76 R · 12 D · 2 N(
William McKinley R appointed 5 judges
5 district
Theodore Roosevelt R appointed 98 judges
3 Supreme Court · 19 appeals · 57 district · 19 other
None (reassignment) N( appointed 1 judge
1 district
5 circuits flipped majority
Fourth Circuit 1 D · 1 R (tie majority)
Fourth Circuit 0 D · 2 R (R majority)
Sixth Circuit 1 D · 2 R (R majority)
Sixth Circuit 1 D · 1 R (tie majority)
Seventh Circuit 1 D · 1 R (tie majority)
Seventh Circuit 0 D · 4 R (R majority)
Eighth Circuit 1 D · 1 R (tie majority)
Eighth Circuit 0 D · 4 R (R majority)
District of Columbia Circuit 3 D · 0 R (D majority)
District of Columbia Circuit 0 D · 3 R (R majority)
D and R describe the party of the appointing president, not the judge. Active service ends when a judge takes senior status.
judicial/rulingsSupreme Court decisions
+1,471Supreme Court Database ↗
1,471 argued decisions · 8 landmark
James v. Bowman
190 U.S. 127 · May 4, 1903 · Decided 6–2 · Criminal Procedure · Affirmed · Declared federal law unconstitutional
Matter of Heff
197 U.S. 488 · Apr 10, 1905 · Decided 8–1 · Civil Rights · Declared federal law unconstitutional
Rassmussen v. United States
197 U.S. 516 · Apr 10, 1905 · Decided 9–0 · Criminal Procedure · Reversed and remanded · Declared federal law unconstitutional
Lochner v. New York
198 U.S. 45 · Apr 17, 1905 · Decided 5–4 · Economic Activity · Reversed and remanded · Struck down state law
Hodges v. United States
203 U.S. 1 · May 28, 1906 · Decided 7–2 · Civil Rights · Reversed and remanded · Declared federal law unconstitutional
The Employers' Liability Cases
207 U.S. 463 · Jan 6, 1908 · Decided 5–4 · Economic Activity · Affirmed · Declared federal law unconstitutional
Adair v. United States
208 U.S. 161 · Jan 27, 1908 · Decided 6–2 · Unions · Reversed · Declared federal law unconstitutional
Muller v. Oregon
208 U.S. 412 · Feb 24, 1908 · Decided 9–0 · Civil Rights · Affirmed
Landmark means the Court overruled precedent, struck down a federal law, or the case is on a curated landmark list.

Fiscal2 files±0

fiscal/budgetThe federal budget
OMB Historical Tables ↗
Fiscal year 1902 → fiscal year 1909 · inflation-adjusted with the GDP price index
Spending $485M
FY1902
Spending $694M
FY1909 · +43% nominal
Revenue $562M
FY1902
Revenue $604M
FY1909 · +7.5% nominal
Surplus / deficit $77M
FY1902
Surplus / deficit −$89M
FY1909 · −$166M
fiscal/debtTotal public debt outstanding
+$483MTreasury Fiscal Data ↗
$2.1B
as of Jul 1, 1901
$2.6B
as of Jul 1, 1908

Constitution & Union1 file+1

constitution/amendmentsAmendments & statehood
+1National Archives ↗
15 → 15 amendments in force · 45 → 46 states
Oklahoma joins the Union
admitted Nov 16, 1907

Reverts1 file±0

revert/undoneWhat was undone
nothingFederal Register · Congress.gov · SCDB ↗
No executive orders revoked, no rules struck down by Congress, and no precedents overruled in this window (executive-order records begin in 1994).

Log1 file±0

logEverything in between
39 events
Theodore Roosevelt takes office · 1901-09-14Newlands Reclamation Act · 1902-06-17Isthmian Canal Act (Panama Canal) · 1902-06-28Philippine Organic Act (the basic law of the Insular Government) · 1902-07-01Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. — Associate Justice · 1902-12-04Militia Act of 1903 · 1903-01-21Expediting Act · 1903-02-11United States Department of Commerce and Labor · 1903-02-14Department of Commerce and Labor Act · 1903-02-14Elkins Act · 1903-02-19William Rufus Day — Associate Justice · 1903-02-23Immigration Act of 1903 · 1903-03-03James v. Bowman · 1903-05-04Kinkaid Act · 1904-04-28Transfer Act of 1905 · 1905-02-01Theodore Roosevelt takes office · 1905-03-04Matter of Heff · 1905-04-10Rassmussen v. United States · 1905-04-10Lochner v. New York · 1905-04-17Burke Act · 1906-05-08Foreign Dredge Act of 1906 · 1906-05-28Hodges v. United States · 1906-05-28Federal Employers Liability Act · 1906-06-01Antiquities Act (National Monument Act) · 1906-06-08Oklahoma Enabling Act · 1906-06-16Hepburn Act · 1906-06-29Meat Inspection Act (Beveridge Act) · 1906-06-30Federal Meat Inspection Act · 1906-06-30Pure Food and Drug Act · 1906-06-30William Henry Moody — Associate Justice · 1906-12-12Tillman Act of 1907 · 1907-01-26Immigration Act of 1907 · 1907-02-20Expatriation Act of 1907 · 1907-03-02Oklahoma · 1907-11-16The Employers' Liability Cases · 1908-01-06Adair v. United States · 1908-01-27Muller v. Oregon · 1908-02-24Federal Employers Liability Act · 1908-04-22Aldrich–Vreeland Act · 1908-05-3019021903190419051906190719081909
  1. presidentTheodore Roosevelt takes office
  2. lawNewlands Reclamation Act
  3. lawIsthmian Canal Act (Panama Canal)
  4. lawPhilippine Organic Act (the basic law of the Insular Government)
  5. justiceOliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. — Associate Justice
  6. lawMilitia Act of 1903
  7. lawExpediting Act
  8. agency+United States Department of Commerce and Labor
  9. lawDepartment of Commerce and Labor Act
  10. lawElkins Act
  11. justiceWilliam Rufus Day — Associate Justice
  12. lawImmigration Act of 1903
  13. rulingJames v. Bowman
  14. lawKinkaid Act
  15. lawTransfer Act of 1905
  16. presidentTheodore Roosevelt takes office
  17. rulingMatter of Heff
  18. rulingRassmussen v. United States
  19. rulingLochner v. New York
  20. lawBurke Act
  21. lawForeign Dredge Act of 1906
  22. rulingHodges v. United States
  23. lawFederal Employers Liability Act
  24. lawAntiquities Act (National Monument Act)
  25. lawOklahoma Enabling Act
  26. lawHepburn Act
  27. lawMeat Inspection Act (Beveridge Act)
  28. lawFederal Meat Inspection Act
  29. lawPure Food and Drug Act
  30. justiceWilliam Henry Moody — Associate Justice
  31. lawTillman Act of 1907
  32. lawImmigration Act of 1907
  33. lawExpatriation Act of 1907
  34. stateOklahoma
  35. rulingThe Employers' Liability Cases
  36. rulingAdair v. United States
  37. rulingMuller v. Oregon
  38. lawFederal Employers Liability Act
  39. lawAldrich–Vreeland Act