How did the United States change between and ?

Pick two dates. See the laws, the executive orders, the courts, Congress, federal agencies, the Constitution and the budget, as a diff.

Trump II so farBiden termTrump I termObama termSince 9/11Since ReaganPostwar → now
civicdiff.com/1897-03-04...1901-09-13 · 4.5 years json
20 files changed, 982 insertions(+), 434 deletions(−)
Laws enacted
+12
major laws · full counts from 1973
Executive orders
—
records start in 1994
Final rules
—
records start in 1994
Supreme Court
1 of 9
seats changed hands
Agencies
+3 −0
departments & tracked agencies
Public debt
+$373M
$1.8B → $2.1B

The presidency passed from Grover Cleveland to William McKinley Jr.. 33 senators and 0 representatives took seats that they did not hold before. 1 new justice joined the Supreme Court.

Executive5 files+13−8

executive/presidentThe presidency
+1−1National Archives ↗
Grover Cleveland D
24th president
William McKinley Jr. R
25th president · took office Mar 4, 1897
executive/vice-presidentThe vice presidency
+1−1Senate Historical Office ↗
Adlai Ewing Stevenson D
Theodore Roosevelt R
took office Mar 4, 1901
executive/cabinetCabinet & senior officials
+8−6Wikidata ↗
Secretary of State · 3 people took this office in between
Richard Olney D
John Hay R
Secretary of the Treasury
John G. Carlisle D
Lyman J. Gage R
Secretary of War · 2 people took this office in between
Elihu Root R
Attorney General · 3 people took this office in between
Judson Harmon D
Philander C. Knox R
Postmaster General
James Albert Gary R
vacant on Sep 13, 1901
next: Robert Wynne R · Oct 10, 1904
Secretary of the Navy
John Davis Long R
Show 2 more cabinet offices
Secretary of the Interior
Ethan A. Hitchcock R
Secretary of Agriculture
Julius Sterling Morton D
James Wilson R
Other senior officials (2 changed)
Postmaster General
James Albert Gary R
vacant on Sep 13, 1901
next: Robert Wynne R · Oct 10, 1904
Secretary of the Navy
John Davis Long R
1 offices unchanged
Solicitor General: William Howard Taft R
executive/ordersExecutive orders
no dataFederal Register API ↗
Federal Register records of executive orders begin in 1994.
executive/agenciesFederal agencies
+3Wikidata ↗
57 → 60 tracked organizations · 8 → 8 executive departments
Office of Seed and Plant Introduction
established Jan 1, 1898
Office of Fossil Energy
established Jan 1, 1900 · government organization in Washington D.C., United States
National Institute of Standards and Technology
established Jan 1, 1901 · measurement standards laboratory in the United States
Agency start and end dates come from Wikidata, which covers smaller bureaus unevenly.

Military3 files+1

military/conflictsArmed conflicts
±0UCDP/PRIO Armed Conflict Dataset ↗
U.S. in 0 armed conflicts → 0
The U.S. was not a party to any armed conflict in this window (conflict records start in 1946).
An armed conflict here means at least 25 battle deaths in a year, with U.S. forces as a party or fighting for a government (UCDP's definition). Air strikes, raids, and advisory missions below that threshold aren't included. UN peacekeeping missions are excluded.
military/spendingCost of war
1 warDoD Cost of War reports · CRS ↗
Lifetime cost of wars fought in this window · constant FY2011 dollars (CRS)
Spanish–American War $9.0B
1.1% of GDP in its peak year · 1898–1898
Operation spending is what the Defense Department obligated to each named operation in each fiscal year, from its Cost of War reports; it excludes State Department and USAID programs, veterans' care, interest, and base budgets. Lifetime costs are the Congressional Research Service's estimates of direct military spending for each war, in FY2011 dollars.
military/authorizationsDeclarations of war & authorizations
+1Senate Historical Office ↗
Declaration of war on Spain
Apr 25, 1898 · Spanish–American War.

Legislative4 files+45−425

legislative/controlControl of Congress
1 changeHouse History / Senate Historical Office ↗
Top: House · Bottom: Senate DemocraticRepublicanOther
54th Congress → 57th Congress · 3 new Congresses elected
1 change of chamber control along the way
House: Republican majority
249 R · 102 D
House: null majority
Senate: Republican majority on both dates
42 R · 39 D → 37 R · 17 D
legislative/senateSenate
+33−67congress-legislators ↗
Mar 4, 1897 · 42 R · 39 D · 4 P · 3 SR · 1 S
James Lawrence Pugh (Democrat, AL)John Tyler Morgan (Democrat, AL)James Kimbrough Jones (Democrat, AR)James Henderson Berry (Democrat, AR)Stephen Mallory White (Democrat, CA)George Gray (Democrat, DE)Wilkinson Call (Democrat, FL)Samuel Pasco (Democrat, FL)John Brown Gordon (Democrat, GA)Augustus Octavius Bacon (Democrat, GA)John McAuley Palmer (Democrat, IL)Daniel Wolsey Voorhees (Democrat, IN)David Turpie (Democrat, IN)Joseph Clay Stiles Blackburn (Democrat, KY)William Lindsay (Democrat, KY)Newton Crain Blanchard (Democrat, LA)Donelson Caffery (Democrat, LA)Charles Hopper Gibson (Democrat, MD)Arthur Pue Gorman (Democrat, MD)George Graham Vest (Democrat, MO)Francis Marion Cockrell (Democrat, MO)James Zachariah George (Democrat, MS)Edward Cary Walthall (Democrat, MS)William Nathaniel Roach (Democrat, ND)James Smith Jr. (Democrat, NJ)David Bennett Hill (Democrat, NY)Edward Murphy Jr. (Democrat, NY)Calvin Stewart Brice (Democrat, OH)John Laurens Manning Irby (Democrat, SC)Benjamin Ryan Tillman (Democrat, SC)William Brimage Bate (Democrat, TN)Isham Green Harris (Democrat, TN)Roger Quarles Mills (Democrat, TX)Horace Chilton (Democrat, TX)John Warwick Daniel (Democrat, VA)Thomas Staples Martin (Democrat, VA)William Freeman Vilas (Democrat, WI)John Lendrum Mitchell (Democrat, WI)Charles James Faulkner (Democrat, WV)William Alfred Peffer (Populist, KS)Lee Mantle (Silver Republican, MT)Marion Butler (Populist, NC)William Vincent Allen (Populist, NE)William Morris Stewart (Silver, NV)James Henderson Kyle (Populist, SD)Richard Franklin Pettigrew (Silver Republican, SD)Frank Jenne Cannon (Silver Republican, UT)George Clement Perkins (Republican, CA)Henry Moore Teller (Republican, CO)Edward Oliver Wolcott (Republican, CO)Orville Hitchcock Platt (Republican, CT)Joseph Roswell Hawley (Republican, CT)William Boyd Allison (Republican, IA)John Henry Gear (Republican, IA)Fred Thomas Dubois (Republican, ID)George Laird Shoup (Republican, ID)Shelby Moore Cullom (Republican, IL)Lucien Baker (Republican, KS)Henry Cabot Lodge (Republican, MA)George Frisbie Hoar (Republican, MA)Eugene Hale (Republican, ME)William Pierce Frye (Republican, ME)Julius Caesar Burrows (Republican, MI)James McMillan (Republican, MI)Cushman Kellogg Davis (Republican, MN)Knute Nelson (Republican, MN)Thomas Henry Carter (Republican, MT)Jeter Connelly Pritchard (Republican, NC)Henry Clay Hansbrough (Republican, ND)John Mellen Thurston (Republican, NE)Jacob Harold Gallinger (Republican, NH)William Eaton Chandler (Republican, NH)William Joyce Sewell (Republican, NJ)John Percival Jones (Republican, NV)John Sherman (Republican, OH)John Hipple Mitchell (Republican, OR)George Wycliffe McBride (Republican, OR)James Donald Cameron (Republican, PA)Matthew Stanley Quay (Republican, PA)Nelson Wilmarth Aldrich (Republican, RI)George Peabody Wetmore (Republican, RI)Arthur Brown (Republican, UT)Justin Smith Morrill (Republican, VT)Redfield Proctor (Republican, VT)Watson Carvosso Squire (Republican, WA)John Lockwood Wilson (Republican, WA)Stephen Benton Elkins (Republican, WV)Clarence Don Clark (Republican, WY)Francis Emroy Warren (Republican, WY)
Sep 13, 1901 · 37 R · 17 D · 1 P
Edmund Winston Pettus (Democrat, AL)James Kimbrough Jones (Democrat, AR)Henry Moore Teller (Democrat, CO)Stephen Russell Mallory (Democrat, FL)James Piper Taliaferro (Democrat, FL)Alexander Stephens Clay (Democrat, GA)Henry Heitfeld (Democrat, ID)Samuel Douglas McEnery (Democrat, LA)George Graham Vest (Democrat, MO)Francis Marion Cockrell (Democrat, MO)Hernando De Soto Money (Democrat, MS)John Lowndes McLaurin (Democrat, SC)William Brimage Bate (Democrat, TN)Charles Allen Culberson (Democrat, TX)Joseph Lafayette Rawlins (Democrat, UT)John Warwick Daniel (Democrat, VA)George Turner (Democrat, WA)William Alexander Harris (Populist, KS)George Clement Perkins (Republican, CA)Thomas Robert Bard (Republican, CA)Orville Hitchcock Platt (Republican, CT)Joseph Roswell Hawley (Republican, CT)William Boyd Allison (Republican, IA)Jonathan Prentiss Dolliver (Republican, IA)William Ernest Mason (Republican, IL)Charles Warren Fairbanks (Republican, IN)Albert Jeremiah Beveridge (Republican, IN)William Joseph Deboe (Republican, KY)Henry Cabot Lodge (Republican, MA)George Louis Wellington (Republican, MD)Louis Emory McComas (Republican, MD)Eugene Hale (Republican, ME)Julius Caesar Burrows (Republican, MI)Jeter Connelly Pritchard (Republican, NC)Henry Clay Hansbrough (Republican, ND)Porter James McCumber (Republican, ND)Jacob Harold Gallinger (Republican, NH)John Kean (Republican, NJ)John Percival Jones (Republican, NV)William Morris Stewart (Republican, NV)Thomas Collier Platt (Republican, NY)Chauncey Mitchell Depew (Republican, NY)Joseph Benson Foraker (Republican, OH)Marcus Alonzo Hanna (Republican, OH)Joseph Simon (Republican, OR)Boies Penrose (Republican, PA)Matthew Stanley Quay (Republican, PA)Nelson Wilmarth Aldrich (Republican, RI)Redfield Proctor (Republican, VT)William Paul Dillingham (Republican, VT)Addison Gardner Foster (Republican, WA)John Coit Spooner (Republican, WI)Joseph Very Quarles (Republican, WI)Nathan Bay Scott (Republican, WV)Clarence Don Clark (Republican, WY)
33 new members · 67 departed · 22 served on both dates · women 0 → 0 · median age 58 → 59
20 seats changed party
Joseph Clay Stiles Blackburn D
Kentucky seat
William Joseph Deboe R
Kentucky seat
Fred Thomas Dubois R
Idaho seat
Henry Heitfeld D
Idaho seat
Arthur Brown R
Utah seat
Joseph Lafayette Rawlins D
Utah seat
Watson Carvosso Squire R
Washington seat
George Turner D
Washington seat
Show 16 more seat flips
Charles Hopper Gibson D
Maryland seat
George Louis Wellington R
Maryland seat
Daniel Wolsey Voorhees D
Indiana seat
Charles Warren Fairbanks R
Indiana seat
Calvin Stewart Brice D
Ohio seat
Joseph Benson Foraker R
Ohio seat
David Bennett Hill D
New York seat
Thomas Collier Platt R
New York seat
William Freeman Vilas D
Wisconsin seat
John Coit Spooner R
Wisconsin seat
Henry Moore Teller R
Colorado seat
Henry Moore Teller D
Colorado seat
John McAuley Palmer D
Illinois seat
William Ernest Mason R
Illinois seat
Arthur Pue Gorman D
Maryland seat
Louis Emory McComas R
Maryland seat
John Lendrum Mitchell D
Wisconsin seat
Joseph Very Quarles R
Wisconsin seat
William Morris Stewart S
Nevada seat
William Morris Stewart R
Nevada seat
David Turpie D
Indiana seat
Albert Jeremiah Beveridge R
Indiana seat
Edward Murphy Jr. D
New York seat
Chauncey Mitchell Depew R
New York seat
James Smith Jr. D
New Jersey seat
John Kean R
New Jersey seat
Charles James Faulkner D
West Virginia seat
Nathan Bay Scott R
West Virginia seat
William Nathaniel Roach D
North Dakota seat
Porter James McCumber R
North Dakota seat
Stephen Mallory White D
California seat
Thomas Robert Bard R
California seat
Who joined and who left (33 in · 67 out)
Edmund Winston Pettus D
Alabama
Thomas Robert Bard R
California
Stephen Russell Mallory D
Florida
James Piper Taliaferro D
Florida
Alexander Stephens Clay D
Georgia
Jonathan Prentiss Dolliver R
Iowa
Henry Heitfeld D
Idaho
William Ernest Mason R
Illinois
Charles Warren Fairbanks R
Indiana
Albert Jeremiah Beveridge R
Indiana
William Alexander Harris P
Kansas
William Joseph Deboe R
Kentucky
Samuel Douglas McEnery D
Louisiana
George Louis Wellington R
Maryland
Louis Emory McComas R
Maryland
Hernando De Soto Money D
Mississippi
Porter James McCumber R
North Dakota
John Kean R
New Jersey
Thomas Collier Platt R
New York
Chauncey Mitchell Depew R
New York
Joseph Benson Foraker R
Ohio
Marcus Alonzo Hanna R
Ohio
Joseph Simon R
Oregon
Boies Penrose R
Pennsylvania
John Lowndes McLaurin D
South Carolina
Charles Allen Culberson D
Texas
Joseph Lafayette Rawlins D
Utah
William Paul Dillingham R
Vermont
George Turner D
Washington
Addison Gardner Foster R
Washington
John Coit Spooner R
Wisconsin
Joseph Very Quarles R
Wisconsin
Nathan Bay Scott R
West Virginia
James Lawrence Pugh D
Alabama
John Tyler Morgan D
Alabama
James Henderson Berry D
Arkansas
Stephen Mallory White D
California
Edward Oliver Wolcott R
Colorado
George Gray D
Delaware
Wilkinson Call D
Florida
Samuel Pasco D
Florida
John Brown Gordon D
Georgia
Augustus Octavius Bacon D
Georgia
John Henry Gear R
Iowa
Fred Thomas Dubois R
Idaho
George Laird Shoup R
Idaho
John McAuley Palmer D
Illinois
Shelby Moore Cullom R
Illinois
Daniel Wolsey Voorhees D
Indiana
David Turpie D
Indiana
William Alfred Peffer P
Kansas
Lucien Baker R
Kansas
Joseph Clay Stiles Blackburn D
Kentucky
William Lindsay D
Kentucky
Newton Crain Blanchard D
Louisiana
Donelson Caffery D
Louisiana
George Frisbie Hoar R
Massachusetts
Charles Hopper Gibson D
Maryland
Arthur Pue Gorman D
Maryland
William Pierce Frye R
Maine
James McMillan R
Michigan
Cushman Kellogg Davis R
Minnesota
Knute Nelson R
Minnesota
James Zachariah George D
Mississippi
Edward Cary Walthall D
Mississippi
Lee Mantle SR
Montana
Thomas Henry Carter R
Montana
Marion Butler P
North Carolina
William Nathaniel Roach D
North Dakota
William Vincent Allen P
Nebraska
John Mellen Thurston R
Nebraska
William Eaton Chandler R
New Hampshire
James Smith Jr. D
New Jersey
William Joyce Sewell R
New Jersey
David Bennett Hill D
New York
Edward Murphy Jr. D
New York
Calvin Stewart Brice D
Ohio
John Sherman R
Ohio
John Hipple Mitchell R
Oregon
George Wycliffe McBride R
Oregon
James Donald Cameron R
Pennsylvania
George Peabody Wetmore R
Rhode Island
John Laurens Manning Irby D
South Carolina
Benjamin Ryan Tillman D
South Carolina
James Henderson Kyle P
South Dakota
Richard Franklin Pettigrew SR
South Dakota
Isham Green Harris D
Tennessee
Roger Quarles Mills D
Texas
Horace Chilton D
Texas
Arthur Brown R
Utah
Frank Jenne Cannon SR
Utah
Thomas Staples Martin D
Virginia
Justin Smith Morrill R
Vermont
Watson Carvosso Squire R
Washington
John Lockwood Wilson R
Washington
William Freeman Vilas D
Wisconsin
John Lendrum Mitchell D
Wisconsin
Charles James Faulkner D
West Virginia
Stephen Benton Elkins R
West Virginia
Francis Emroy Warren R
Wyoming
legislative/houseHouse
−358congress-legislators ↗
Mar 4, 1897 · 249 R · 102 D · 7 P
Richard Henry Clarke (Democrat, AL-1)James Edward Cobb (Democrat, AL-5)George Paul Harrison (Democrat, AL-3)Jesse Francis Stallings (Democrat, AL-2)Joseph Wheeler (Democrat, AL-8)John Hollis Bankhead (Democrat, AL-6)Robert Neill (Democrat, AR-6)William Leake Terry (Democrat, AR-4)Philip Doddridge McCulloch Jr. (Democrat, AR-1)Thomas Chipman McRae (Democrat, AR-3)Hugh Anderson Dinsmore (Democrat, AR-5)John Sebastian Little (Democrat, AR-2)James George Maguire (Democrat, CA-4)Charles Merian Cooper (Democrat, FL-2)Stephen Milancthon Sparkman (Democrat, FL-1)James Conquest Cross Black (Democrat, GA-10)Charles Frederick Crisp (Democrat, GA-3)Thomas Graves Lawson (Democrat, GA-8)Charles Leavell Moses (Democrat, GA-4)Benjamin Edward Russell (Democrat, GA-2)Henry Gray Turner (Democrat, GA-11)John W. Maddox (Democrat, GA-7)Farish Carter Tate (Democrat, GA-9)Rufus Ezekiel Lester (Democrat, GA-1)Leonidas Felix Livingston (Democrat, GA-5)Charles Lafayette Bartlett (Democrat, GA-6)Finis Ewing Downing (Democrat, IL-16)Lawrence Edward McGann (Democrat, IL-3)John Kerr Hendrick (Democrat, KY-1)William Claiborne Owens (Democrat, KY-7)John Daniel Clardy (Democrat, KY-2)Albert Seaton Berry (Democrat, KY-6)James Bennett McCreary (Democrat, KY-8)Charles Jahleal Boatner (Democrat, LA-5)Charles Francis Buck (Democrat, LA-2)Andrew Price (Democrat, LA-3)Henry Warren Ogden (Democrat, LA-4)Samuel Matthews Robertson (Democrat, LA-6)Adolph Meyer (Democrat, LA-1)John Francis Fitzgerald (Democrat, MA-9)John Kissig Cowen (Democrat, MD-4)Joshua Weldon Miles (Democrat, MD-1)Harry Welles Rusk (Democrat, MD-3)Seth Wallace Cobb (Democrat, MO-12)Uriel Sebree Hall (Democrat, MO-2)John Charles Tarsney (Democrat, MO-5)Alexander Monroe Dockery (Democrat, MO-3)David Albaugh De Armond (Democrat, MO-6)Walter McKennon Denny (Democrat, MS-6)John Curtis Kyle (Democrat, MS-2)James Grafton Spencer (Democrat, MS-7)John Mills Allen (Democrat, MS-1)Thomas Clendinen Catchings (Democrat, MS-3)Hernando De Soto Money (Democrat, MS-4)John Sharp Williams (Democrat, MS-5)James Alexander Lockhart (Democrat, NC-6)John Gilbert Shaw (Democrat, NC-3)Frederick Augustus Woodard (Democrat, NC-2)Francis Griffith Newlands (Democrat, NV-AL)Franklin Bartlett (Democrat, NY-7)Henry Clay Miner (Democrat, NY-9)James Joseph Walsh (Democrat, NY-8)Amos Jay Cummings (Democrat, NY-10)George Brinton McClellan (Democrat, NY-12)William Sulzer (Democrat, NY-11)Fernando Coello Layton (Democrat, OH-4)Paul John Sorg (Democrat, OH-3)Constantine Jacob Erdman (Democrat, PA-9)Joseph Johnson Hart (Democrat, PA-8)John Lowndes McLaurin (Democrat, SC-6)Thomas Jefferson Strait (Democrat, SC-5)Stanyarne Wilson (Democrat, SC-4)James William Stokes (Democrat, SC-7)William Jasper Talbert (Democrat, SC-2)Asbury Churchwell Latimer (Democrat, SC-3)James Calvin McDearmon (Democrat, TN-9)Josiah Patterson (Democrat, TN-10)Joseph Edwin Washington (Democrat, TN-6)Benton McMillin (Democrat, TN-4)Nicholas Nichols Cox (Democrat, TN-7)James Daniel Richardson (Democrat, TN-5)Jo Abbott (Democrat, TX-6)Charles Keith Bell (Democrat, TX-8)Jeremiah Vardaman Cockrell (Democrat, TX-13)William Henry Crain (Democrat, TX-11)Miles Crowley (Democrat, TX-10)David Browning Culberson (Democrat, TX-4)Joseph Chappell Hutcheson (Democrat, TX-1)George Cassety Pendleton (Democrat, TX-7)Charles Henderson Yoakum (Democrat, TX-3)Joseph Draper Sayers (Democrat, TX-9)Joseph Weldon Bailey (Democrat, TX-5)Samuel Bronson Cooper (Democrat, TX-2)Tazewell Ellett (Democrat, VA-3)William Robertson McKenney (Democrat, VA-4)Elisha Edward Meredith (Democrat, VA-8)Smith Spangler Turner (Democrat, VA-7)David Gardiner Tyler (Democrat, VA-2)Peter Johnston Otey (Democrat, VA-6)William Atkinson Jones (Democrat, VA-1)Claude Augustus Swanson (Democrat, VA-5)Henry St. George Tucker (Democrat, VA-10)Milford Wriarson Howard (Populist, AL-7)John Calhoun Bell (Populist, CO-2)William Baker (Populist, KS-6)Alonzo Craig Shuford (Populist, NC-7)Harry Skinner (Populist, NC-1)William Franklin Strowd (Populist, NC-4)Omer Madison Kem (Populist, NE-6)Truman Heminway Aldrich (Republican, AL-9)William Farrington Aldrich (Republican, AL-4)Nathan Oakes Murphy (Republican, AZ-AL)William Wallace Bowers (Republican, CA-7)Grove Lawrence Johnson (Republican, CA-2)Samuel Greeley Hilborn (Republican, CA-3)John All Barham (Republican, CA-1)Eugene Francis Loud (Republican, CA-5)James McLachlan (Republican, CA-6)John Franklin Shafroth (Republican, CO-1)Charles Addison Russell (Republican, CT-3)Nehemiah Day Sperry (Republican, CT-2)Edward Stevens Henry (Republican, CT-1)Ebenezer J. Hill (Republican, CT-4)Jonathan Spencer Willis (Republican, DE-AL)Samuel Mercer Clark (Republican, IA-1)George Martin Curtis (Republican, IA-2)Alva Lysander Hager (Republican, IA-9)George Douglas Perkins (Republican, IA-11)Thomas Updegraff (Republican, IA-4)David Bremner Henderson (Republican, IA-3)John Fletcher Lacey (Republican, IA-6)Robert Gordon Cousins (Republican, IA-5)Jonathan Prentiss Dolliver (Republican, IA-10)William Peters Hepburn (Republican, IA-8)John Albert Tiffin Hull (Republican, IA-7)Edgar Wilson (Republican, ID-1)James Franklin Aldrich (Republican, IL-1)Orlando Burrell (Republican, IL-20)William Flavius Lester Hadley (Republican, IL-18)Everett Jerome Murphy (Republican, IL-21)Philip Sidney Post (Republican, IL-AL)Benson Wood (Republican, IL-19)Charles Walhart Woodman (Republican, IL-4)James Austin Connolly (Republican, IL-17)Edward Dean Cooke (Republican, IL-6)George Elon White (Republican, IL-5)Walter Reeves (Republican, IL-11)Albert Jarvis Hopkins (Republican, IL-8)Vespasian Warner (Republican, IL-13)Robert Roberts Hitt (Republican, IL-9)Benjamin Franklin Marsh (Republican, IL-15)George Washington Smith (Republican, IL-22)Joseph Verdi Graff (Republican, IL-14)William Lorimer (Republican, IL-2)George Washington Prince (Republican, IL-10)George Edmund Foss (Republican, IL-7)Joseph Gurney Cannon (Republican, IL-12)James Franklin Hanly (Republican, IN-AL)Alexander Merrill Hardy (Republican, IN-2)Jethro Ayers Hatch (Republican, IN-10)Jacob D. Leighty (Republican, IN-12)Robert John Tracewell (Republican, IN-3)Charles Lewis Henry (Republican, IN-7)Henry Underwood Johnson (Republican, IN-6)Lemuel Willard Royse (Republican, IN-13)George Washington Faris (Republican, IN-8)George Washington Steele (Republican, IN-11)James Alexander Hemenway (Republican, IN-1)Jesse Overstreet (Republican, IN-5)James Eli Watson (Republican, IN-4)Richard Whiting Blue (Republican, KS-AL)Snyder Solomon Kirkpatrick (Republican, KS-3)Orrin Larrabee Miller (Republican, KS-2)Case Broderick (Republican, KS-1)Chester Isaiah Long (Republican, KS-7)William Alexander Calderhead (Republican, KS-5)Charles Curtis (Republican, KS-4)Nathan Thomas Hopkins (Republican, KY-10)John William Lewis (Republican, KY-4)David Grant Colson (Republican, KY-11)Walter Evans (Republican, KY-5)Samuel Johnson Pugh (Republican, KY-9)Whiteside Godfrey Hunter (Republican, KY-3)Lewis Dewart Apsley (Republican, MA-4)Harrison Henry Atwood (Republican, MA-10)William Cogswell (Republican, MA-6)William Franklin Draper (Republican, MA-11)Elijah Adams Morse (Republican, MA-12)William Emerson Barrett (Republican, MA-7)John Simpkins (Republican, MA-13)Joseph Henry Walker (Republican, MA-3)Ashley Bascom Wright (Republican, MA-1)William Shadrach Knox (Republican, MA-5)Samuel Walker McCall (Republican, MA-8)Frederick Huntington Gillett (Republican, MA-2)Charles Edward Coffin (Republican, MD-5)George Louis Wellington (Republican, MD-6)William Benjamin Baker (Republican, MD-2)Seth Llewellyn Milliken (Republican, ME-3)Nelson Dingley Jr. (Republican, ME-2)Thomas Brackett Reed (Republican, ME-1)Charles Addison Boutelle (Republican, ME-4)David Demerest Aitken (Republican, MI-6)John Avery (Republican, MI-11)William Seelye Linton (Republican, MI-8)Alfred Milnes (Republican, MI-3)Samuel Merritt Stephenson (Republican, MI-12)Henry Franklin Thomas (Republican, MI-4)Horace Greeley Snover (Republican, MI-7)George Spalding (Republican, MI-2)John Blaisdell Corliss (Republican, MI-1)Rousseau Owen Crump (Republican, MI-10)Roswell Peter Bishop (Republican, MI-9)William Alden Smith (Republican, MI-5)Andrew Robert Kiefer (Republican, MN-4)Frank Marion Eddy (Republican, MN-7)Joel Prescott Heatwole (Republican, MN-3)Loren Fletcher (Republican, MN-5)James Thompson McCleary (Republican, MN-2)James Albertus Tawney (Republican, MN-1)Charles Germman Burton (Republican, MO-15)Charles Nelson Clark (Republican, MO-1)George Calhoun Crowther (Republican, MO-4)Joel Douglas Hubbard (Republican, MO-8)Norman Adolphus Mozley (Republican, MO-14)John Henry Raney (Republican, MO-13)John Plank Tracey (Republican, MO-7)William Mitchellson Treloar (Republican, MO-9)Charles Frederick Joy (Republican, MO-11)Richard Bartholdt (Republican, MO-10)Charles Sampson Hartman (Republican, MT-1)Thomas Settle (Republican, NC-5)Romulus Zachariah Linney (Republican, NC-8)Richmond Pearson (Republican, NC-9)Martin Nelson Johnson (Republican, ND-1)Eugene Jerome Hainer (Republican, NE-4)George de Rue Meiklejohn (Republican, NE-3)Jesse Burr Strode (Republican, NE-1)David Henry Mercer (Republican, NE-2)William Ezekiel Andrews (Republican, NE-5)Henry Moore Baker (Republican, NH-2)Cyrus Adams Sulloway (Republican, NH-1)Thomas McEwan Jr. (Republican, NJ-7)Mahlon Pitney (Republican, NJ-4)James Fleming Stewart (Republican, NJ-5)Charles Newell Fowler (Republican, NJ-8)Benjamin Franklin Howell (Republican, NJ-3)John James Gardner (Republican, NJ-2)Henry Clay Loudenslager (Republican, NJ-1)Richard Wayne Parker (Republican, NJ-6)Thomas Benton Catron (Republican, NM-AL)Frank Swett Black (Republican, NY-19)Newton Martin Curtis (Republican, NY-22)Charles Daniels (Republican, NY-33)Jacob Le Fever (Republican, NY-18)Richard Cunningham McCormick (Republican, NY-1)Theodore Lewis Poole (Republican, NY-27)Charles Goodwin Bennett (Republican, NY-5)Henry Colvin Brewster (Republican, NY-31)Israel Frederick Fischer (Republican, NY-4)Wallace Turner Foote Jr. (Republican, NY-23)James Robinson Howe (Republican, NY-6)Denis Michael Hurley (Republican, NY-2)Philip Burrill Low (Republican, NY-15)Rowland Blennerhassett Mahany (Republican, NY-32)Benjamin Baker Odell Jr. (Republican, NY-17)Lemuel Ely Quigg (Republican, NY-14)Richard Cutts Shannon (Republican, NY-13)David Forrest Wilber (Republican, NY-21)Francis Henry Wilson (Republican, NY-3)Charles Addison Chickering (Republican, NY-24)Warren Brewster Hooker (Republican, NY-34)George Washington Ray (Republican, NY-26)Charles William Gillet (Republican, NY-29)Charles Arnette Towne (Republican, NY-AL)James Wolcott Wadsworth (Republican, NY-30)James Schoolcraft Sherman (Republican, NY-25)George Newell Southwick (Republican, NY-20)Sereno Elisha Payne (Republican, NY-28)Benjamin Lewis Fairchild (Republican, NY-16)Francis Byron De Witt (Republican, OH-5)Stephen Ross Harris (Republican, OH-13)George Washington Hulick (Republican, OH-6)Addison S. McClure (Republican, OH-17)Luther Martin Strong (Republican, OH-8)Charles Phelps Taft (Republican, OH-1)David Kemper Watson (Republican, OH-12)George Washington Wilson (Republican, OH-7)Clifton Bailey Beach (Republican, OH-20)Lucien Jerome Fenton (Republican, OH-10)Stephen Asa Northway (Republican, OH-19)Lorenzo Danford (Republican, OH-16)Winfield Scott Kerr (Republican, OH-14)Jacob Henry Bromwell (Republican, OH-2)Robert Walker Tayler (Republican, OH-18)Henry Clay Van Voorhis (Republican, OH-15)Charles Henry Grosvenor (Republican, OH-11)James Harding Southard (Republican, OH-9)Theodore Elijah Burton (Republican, OH-21)Dennis Thomas Flynn (Republican, OK-AL)Binger Hermann (Republican, OR-1)William Russell Ellis (Republican, OR-2)Matthew Griswold (Republican, PA-26)Frederick Halterman (Republican, PA-3)Daniel Brodhead Heiner (Republican, PA-21)John Leisenring (Republican, PA-12)Fred Churchill Leonard (Republican, PA-16)Thomas Wharton Phillips (Republican, PA-25)John Buchanan Robinson (Republican, PA-6)Joseph Augustine Scranton (Republican, PA-11)James Alonzo Stahle (Republican, PA-19)Ephraim Milton Woomer (Republican, PA-14)William Carlile Arnold (Republican, PA-28)James Hodge Codding (Republican, PA-15)Josiah Duane Hicks (Republican, PA-20)Monroe Henry Kulp (Republican, PA-17)Charles Warren Stone (Republican, PA-27)William Alexis Stone (Republican, PA-23)Alfred Crout Harmer (Republican, PA-5)Marriott Brosius (Republican, PA-10)Galusha Aaron Grow (Republican, PA-AL)Robert Adams Jr. (Republican, PA-2)Thaddeus Maclay Mahon (Republican, PA-18)Ernest Francis Acheson (Republican, PA-24)Charles Napoleon Brumm (Republican, PA-13)John Edgar Reyburn (Republican, PA-4)Irving Price Wanger (Republican, PA-7)Henry Harrison Bingham (Republican, PA-1)John Dalzell (Republican, PA-22)Warren Otis Arnold (Republican, RI-2)Melville Bull (Republican, RI-1)George Washington Murray (Republican, SC-1)John Alfred Pickler (Republican, SD-AL)William Coleman Anderson (Republican, TN-1)Foster Vincent Brown (Republican, TN-3)John Ethridge McCall (Republican, TN-8)Henry Richard Gibson (Republican, TN-2)George Henry Noonan (Republican, TX-12)Clarence Emir Allen (Republican, UT-1)James Alexander Walker (Republican, VA-9)William Wallace Grout (Republican, VT-2)Horace Henry Powers (Republican, VT-1)William Hall Doolittle (Republican, WA-AL)Samuel Andrew Cook (Republican, WI-6)Michael Griffin (Republican, WI-7)Edward Sauerhering (Republican, WI-2)Alexander Stewart (Republican, WI-9)Samuel Stebbins Barney (Republican, WI-5)Joseph Weeks Babcock (Republican, WI-3)Edward Sloman Minor (Republican, WI-8)Theobald Otjen (Republican, WI-4)John James Jenkins (Republican, WI-10)Henry Allen Cooper (Republican, WI-1)James Hall Huling (Republican, WV-3)Warren Miller (Republican, WV-4)Alston Gordon Dayton (Republican, WV-2)Blackburn Barrett Dovener (Republican, WV-1)Franklin Wheeler Mondell (Republican, WY-AL)
Sep 13, 1901 ·
No data
0 new members · 358 departed · 0 served on both dates · women 0 → 0 · median age 50 → 0
48 state delegations changed
Show delegation changes
Alabama 6 D · 2 R · 1 other
Alabama 0 D · 0 R
Arkansas 6 D · 0 R
Arkansas 0 D · 0 R
Arizona 0 D · 1 R
Arizona 0 D · 0 R
California 1 D · 6 R
California 0 D · 0 R
Colorado 0 D · 1 R · 1 other
Colorado 0 D · 0 R
Connecticut 0 D · 4 R
Connecticut 0 D · 0 R
Delaware 0 D · 1 R
Delaware 0 D · 0 R
Florida 2 D · 0 R
Florida 0 D · 0 R
Georgia 11 D · 0 R
Georgia 0 D · 0 R
Iowa 0 D · 11 R
Iowa 0 D · 0 R
Idaho 0 D · 1 R
Idaho 0 D · 0 R
Illinois 2 D · 21 R
Illinois 0 D · 0 R
Indiana 0 D · 13 R
Indiana 0 D · 0 R
Kansas 0 D · 7 R · 1 other
Kansas 0 D · 0 R
Kentucky 5 D · 6 R
Kentucky 0 D · 0 R
Louisiana 6 D · 0 R
Louisiana 0 D · 0 R
Massachusetts 1 D · 12 R
Massachusetts 0 D · 0 R
Maryland 3 D · 3 R
Maryland 0 D · 0 R
Maine 0 D · 4 R
Maine 0 D · 0 R
Michigan 0 D · 12 R
Michigan 0 D · 0 R
Minnesota 0 D · 6 R
Minnesota 0 D · 0 R
Missouri 5 D · 10 R
Missouri 0 D · 0 R
Mississippi 7 D · 0 R
Mississippi 0 D · 0 R
Montana 0 D · 1 R
Montana 0 D · 0 R
North Carolina 3 D · 3 R · 3 other
North Carolina 0 D · 0 R
North Dakota 0 D · 1 R
North Dakota 0 D · 0 R
Nebraska 0 D · 5 R · 1 other
Nebraska 0 D · 0 R
New Hampshire 0 D · 2 R
New Hampshire 0 D · 0 R
New Jersey 0 D · 8 R
New Jersey 0 D · 0 R
New Mexico 0 D · 1 R
New Mexico 0 D · 0 R
Nevada 1 D · 0 R
Nevada 0 D · 0 R
New York 6 D · 29 R
New York 0 D · 0 R
Ohio 2 D · 19 R
Ohio 0 D · 0 R
Oklahoma 0 D · 1 R
Oklahoma 0 D · 0 R
Oregon 0 D · 2 R
Oregon 0 D · 0 R
Pennsylvania 2 D · 27 R
Pennsylvania 0 D · 0 R
Rhode Island 0 D · 2 R
Rhode Island 0 D · 0 R
South Carolina 6 D · 1 R
South Carolina 0 D · 0 R
South Dakota 0 D · 1 R
South Dakota 0 D · 0 R
Tennessee 6 D · 4 R
Tennessee 0 D · 0 R
Texas 12 D · 1 R
Texas 0 D · 0 R
Utah 0 D · 1 R
Utah 0 D · 0 R
Virginia 9 D · 1 R
Virginia 0 D · 0 R
Vermont 0 D · 2 R
Vermont 0 D · 0 R
Washington 0 D · 1 R
Washington 0 D · 0 R
Wisconsin 0 D · 10 R
Wisconsin 0 D · 0 R
West Virginia 0 D · 4 R
West Virginia 0 D · 0 R
Wyoming 0 D · 1 R
Wyoming 0 D · 0 R
Who joined and who left (0 in · 358 out)
Truman Heminway Aldrich R
Alabama-9
Richard Henry Clarke D
Alabama-1
James Edward Cobb D
Alabama-5
George Paul Harrison D
Alabama-3
Milford Wriarson Howard P
Alabama-7
William Farrington Aldrich R
Alabama-4
Jesse Francis Stallings D
Alabama-2
Joseph Wheeler D
Alabama-8
John Hollis Bankhead D
Alabama-6
Robert Neill D
Arkansas-6
William Leake Terry D
Arkansas-4
Philip Doddridge McCulloch Jr. D
Arkansas-1
Thomas Chipman McRae D
Arkansas-3
Hugh Anderson Dinsmore D
Arkansas-5
John Sebastian Little D
Arkansas-2
Nathan Oakes Murphy R
Arizona-AL
William Wallace Bowers R
California-7
Grove Lawrence Johnson R
California-2
Samuel Greeley Hilborn R
California-3
James George Maguire D
California-4
John All Barham R
California-1
Eugene Francis Loud R
California-5
James McLachlan R
California-6
John Calhoun Bell P
Colorado-2
John Franklin Shafroth R
Colorado-1
Charles Addison Russell R
Connecticut-3
Nehemiah Day Sperry R
Connecticut-2
Edward Stevens Henry R
Connecticut-1
Ebenezer J. Hill R
Connecticut-4
Jonathan Spencer Willis R
Delaware-AL
Charles Merian Cooper D
Florida-2
Stephen Milancthon Sparkman D
Florida-1
James Conquest Cross Black D
Georgia-10
Charles Frederick Crisp D
Georgia-3
Thomas Graves Lawson D
Georgia-8
Charles Leavell Moses D
Georgia-4
Benjamin Edward Russell D
Georgia-2
Henry Gray Turner D
Georgia-11
John W. Maddox D
Georgia-7
Farish Carter Tate D
Georgia-9
Rufus Ezekiel Lester D
Georgia-1
Leonidas Felix Livingston D
Georgia-5
Charles Lafayette Bartlett D
Georgia-6
Samuel Mercer Clark R
Iowa-1
George Martin Curtis R
Iowa-2
Alva Lysander Hager R
Iowa-9
George Douglas Perkins R
Iowa-11
Thomas Updegraff R
Iowa-4
David Bremner Henderson R
Iowa-3
John Fletcher Lacey R
Iowa-6
Robert Gordon Cousins R
Iowa-5
Jonathan Prentiss Dolliver R
Iowa-10
William Peters Hepburn R
Iowa-8
John Albert Tiffin Hull R
Iowa-7
Edgar Wilson R
Idaho-1
James Franklin Aldrich R
Illinois-1
Orlando Burrell R
Illinois-20
Finis Ewing Downing D
Illinois-16
William Flavius Lester Hadley R
Illinois-18
Lawrence Edward McGann D
Illinois-3
Everett Jerome Murphy R
Illinois-21
Philip Sidney Post R
Illinois-AL
Benson Wood R
Illinois-19
Charles Walhart Woodman R
Illinois-4
James Austin Connolly R
Illinois-17
Edward Dean Cooke R
Illinois-6
George Elon White R
Illinois-5
Walter Reeves R
Illinois-11
Albert Jarvis Hopkins R
Illinois-8
Vespasian Warner R
Illinois-13
Robert Roberts Hitt R
Illinois-9
Benjamin Franklin Marsh R
Illinois-15
George Washington Smith R
Illinois-22
Joseph Verdi Graff R
Illinois-14
William Lorimer R
Illinois-2
George Washington Prince R
Illinois-10
George Edmund Foss R
Illinois-7
Joseph Gurney Cannon R
Illinois-12
James Franklin Hanly R
Indiana-AL
Alexander Merrill Hardy R
Indiana-2
Jethro Ayers Hatch R
Indiana-10
Jacob D. Leighty R
Indiana-12
Robert John Tracewell R
Indiana-3
Charles Lewis Henry R
Indiana-7
Henry Underwood Johnson R
Indiana-6
Lemuel Willard Royse R
Indiana-13
George Washington Faris R
Indiana-8
George Washington Steele R
Indiana-11
James Alexander Hemenway R
Indiana-1
Jesse Overstreet R
Indiana-5
James Eli Watson R
Indiana-4
William Baker P
Kansas-6
Richard Whiting Blue R
Kansas-AL
Snyder Solomon Kirkpatrick R
Kansas-3
Orrin Larrabee Miller R
Kansas-2
Case Broderick R
Kansas-1
Chester Isaiah Long R
Kansas-7
William Alexander Calderhead R
Kansas-5
Charles Curtis R
Kansas-4
John Kerr Hendrick D
Kentucky-1
Nathan Thomas Hopkins R
Kentucky-10
John William Lewis R
Kentucky-4
William Claiborne Owens D
Kentucky-7
John Daniel Clardy D
Kentucky-2
David Grant Colson R
Kentucky-11
Walter Evans R
Kentucky-5
Albert Seaton Berry D
Kentucky-6
Samuel Johnson Pugh R
Kentucky-9
Whiteside Godfrey Hunter R
Kentucky-3
James Bennett McCreary D
Kentucky-8
Charles Jahleal Boatner D
Louisiana-5
Charles Francis Buck D
Louisiana-2
Andrew Price D
Louisiana-3
Henry Warren Ogden D
Louisiana-4
Samuel Matthews Robertson D
Louisiana-6
Adolph Meyer D
Louisiana-1
Lewis Dewart Apsley R
Massachusetts-4
Harrison Henry Atwood R
Massachusetts-10
William Cogswell R
Massachusetts-6
William Franklin Draper R
Massachusetts-11
Elijah Adams Morse R
Massachusetts-12
William Emerson Barrett R
Massachusetts-7
John Simpkins R
Massachusetts-13
Joseph Henry Walker R
Massachusetts-3
Ashley Bascom Wright R
Massachusetts-1
William Shadrach Knox R
Massachusetts-5
Samuel Walker McCall R
Massachusetts-8
John Francis Fitzgerald D
Massachusetts-9
Frederick Huntington Gillett R
Massachusetts-2
Charles Edward Coffin R
Maryland-5
John Kissig Cowen D
Maryland-4
Joshua Weldon Miles D
Maryland-1
Harry Welles Rusk D
Maryland-3
George Louis Wellington R
Maryland-6
William Benjamin Baker R
Maryland-2
Seth Llewellyn Milliken R
Maine-3
Nelson Dingley Jr. R
Maine-2
Thomas Brackett Reed R
Maine-1
Charles Addison Boutelle R
Maine-4
David Demerest Aitken R
Michigan-6
John Avery R
Michigan-11
William Seelye Linton R
Michigan-8
Alfred Milnes R
Michigan-3
Samuel Merritt Stephenson R
Michigan-12
Henry Franklin Thomas R
Michigan-4
Horace Greeley Snover R
Michigan-7
George Spalding R
Michigan-2
John Blaisdell Corliss R
Michigan-1
Rousseau Owen Crump R
Michigan-10
Roswell Peter Bishop R
Michigan-9
William Alden Smith R
Michigan-5
Andrew Robert Kiefer R
Minnesota-4
Frank Marion Eddy R
Minnesota-7
Joel Prescott Heatwole R
Minnesota-3
Loren Fletcher R
Minnesota-5
James Thompson McCleary R
Minnesota-2
James Albertus Tawney R
Minnesota-1
Charles Germman Burton R
Missouri-15
Charles Nelson Clark R
Missouri-1
Seth Wallace Cobb D
Missouri-12
George Calhoun Crowther R
Missouri-4
Uriel Sebree Hall D
Missouri-2
Joel Douglas Hubbard R
Missouri-8
Norman Adolphus Mozley R
Missouri-14
John Henry Raney R
Missouri-13
John Charles Tarsney D
Missouri-5
John Plank Tracey R
Missouri-7
William Mitchellson Treloar R
Missouri-9
Alexander Monroe Dockery D
Missouri-3
Charles Frederick Joy R
Missouri-11
David Albaugh De Armond D
Missouri-6
Richard Bartholdt R
Missouri-10
Walter McKennon Denny D
Mississippi-6
John Curtis Kyle D
Mississippi-2
James Grafton Spencer D
Mississippi-7
John Mills Allen D
Mississippi-1
Thomas Clendinen Catchings D
Mississippi-3
Hernando De Soto Money D
Mississippi-4
John Sharp Williams D
Mississippi-5
Charles Sampson Hartman R
Montana-1
James Alexander Lockhart D
North Carolina-6
Thomas Settle R
North Carolina-5
John Gilbert Shaw D
North Carolina-3
Frederick Augustus Woodard D
North Carolina-2
Alonzo Craig Shuford P
North Carolina-7
Harry Skinner P
North Carolina-1
William Franklin Strowd P
North Carolina-4
Romulus Zachariah Linney R
North Carolina-8
Richmond Pearson R
North Carolina-9
Martin Nelson Johnson R
North Dakota-1
Eugene Jerome Hainer R
Nebraska-4
Omer Madison Kem P
Nebraska-6
George de Rue Meiklejohn R
Nebraska-3
Jesse Burr Strode R
Nebraska-1
David Henry Mercer R
Nebraska-2
William Ezekiel Andrews R
Nebraska-5
Henry Moore Baker R
New Hampshire-2
Cyrus Adams Sulloway R
New Hampshire-1
Thomas McEwan Jr. R
New Jersey-7
Mahlon Pitney R
New Jersey-4
James Fleming Stewart R
New Jersey-5
Charles Newell Fowler R
New Jersey-8
Benjamin Franklin Howell R
New Jersey-3
John James Gardner R
New Jersey-2
Henry Clay Loudenslager R
New Jersey-1
Richard Wayne Parker R
New Jersey-6
Thomas Benton Catron R
New Mexico-AL
Francis Griffith Newlands D
Nevada-AL
Franklin Bartlett D
New York-7
Frank Swett Black R
New York-19
Newton Martin Curtis R
New York-22
Charles Daniels R
New York-33
Jacob Le Fever R
New York-18
Richard Cunningham McCormick R
New York-1
Henry Clay Miner D
New York-9
Theodore Lewis Poole R
New York-27
James Joseph Walsh D
New York-8
Charles Goodwin Bennett R
New York-5
Henry Colvin Brewster R
New York-31
Israel Frederick Fischer R
New York-4
Wallace Turner Foote Jr. R
New York-23
James Robinson Howe R
New York-6
Denis Michael Hurley R
New York-2
Philip Burrill Low R
New York-15
Rowland Blennerhassett Mahany R
New York-32
Benjamin Baker Odell Jr. R
New York-17
Lemuel Ely Quigg R
New York-14
Richard Cutts Shannon R
New York-13
David Forrest Wilber R
New York-21
Francis Henry Wilson R
New York-3
Charles Addison Chickering R
New York-24
Warren Brewster Hooker R
New York-34
Amos Jay Cummings D
New York-10
George Washington Ray R
New York-26
Charles William Gillet R
New York-29
George Brinton McClellan D
New York-12
Charles Arnette Towne R
New York-AL
James Wolcott Wadsworth R
New York-30
James Schoolcraft Sherman R
New York-25
George Newell Southwick R
New York-20
William Sulzer D
New York-11
Sereno Elisha Payne R
New York-28
Benjamin Lewis Fairchild R
New York-16
Francis Byron De Witt R
Ohio-5
Stephen Ross Harris R
Ohio-13
George Washington Hulick R
Ohio-6
Fernando Coello Layton D
Ohio-4
Addison S. McClure R
Ohio-17
Paul John Sorg D
Ohio-3
Luther Martin Strong R
Ohio-8
Charles Phelps Taft R
Ohio-1
David Kemper Watson R
Ohio-12
George Washington Wilson R
Ohio-7
Clifton Bailey Beach R
Ohio-20
Lucien Jerome Fenton R
Ohio-10
Stephen Asa Northway R
Ohio-19
Lorenzo Danford R
Ohio-16
Winfield Scott Kerr R
Ohio-14
Jacob Henry Bromwell R
Ohio-2
Robert Walker Tayler R
Ohio-18
Henry Clay Van Voorhis R
Ohio-15
Charles Henry Grosvenor R
Ohio-11
James Harding Southard R
Ohio-9
Theodore Elijah Burton R
Ohio-21
Dennis Thomas Flynn R
Oklahoma-AL
Binger Hermann R
Oregon-1
William Russell Ellis R
Oregon-2
Constantine Jacob Erdman D
Pennsylvania-9
Matthew Griswold R
Pennsylvania-26
Frederick Halterman R
Pennsylvania-3
Joseph Johnson Hart D
Pennsylvania-8
Daniel Brodhead Heiner R
Pennsylvania-21
John Leisenring R
Pennsylvania-12
Fred Churchill Leonard R
Pennsylvania-16
Thomas Wharton Phillips R
Pennsylvania-25
John Buchanan Robinson R
Pennsylvania-6
Joseph Augustine Scranton R
Pennsylvania-11
James Alonzo Stahle R
Pennsylvania-19
Ephraim Milton Woomer R
Pennsylvania-14
William Carlile Arnold R
Pennsylvania-28
James Hodge Codding R
Pennsylvania-15
Josiah Duane Hicks R
Pennsylvania-20
Monroe Henry Kulp R
Pennsylvania-17
Charles Warren Stone R
Pennsylvania-27
William Alexis Stone R
Pennsylvania-23
Alfred Crout Harmer R
Pennsylvania-5
Marriott Brosius R
Pennsylvania-10
Galusha Aaron Grow R
Pennsylvania-AL
Robert Adams Jr. R
Pennsylvania-2
Thaddeus Maclay Mahon R
Pennsylvania-18
Ernest Francis Acheson R
Pennsylvania-24
Charles Napoleon Brumm R
Pennsylvania-13
John Edgar Reyburn R
Pennsylvania-4
Irving Price Wanger R
Pennsylvania-7
Henry Harrison Bingham R
Pennsylvania-1
John Dalzell R
Pennsylvania-22
Warren Otis Arnold R
Rhode Island-2
Melville Bull R
Rhode Island-1
George Washington Murray R
South Carolina-1
John Lowndes McLaurin D
South Carolina-6
Thomas Jefferson Strait D
South Carolina-5
Stanyarne Wilson D
South Carolina-4
James William Stokes D
South Carolina-7
William Jasper Talbert D
South Carolina-2
Asbury Churchwell Latimer D
South Carolina-3
John Alfred Pickler R
South Dakota-AL
William Coleman Anderson R
Tennessee-1
Foster Vincent Brown R
Tennessee-3
John Ethridge McCall R
Tennessee-8
James Calvin McDearmon D
Tennessee-9
Josiah Patterson D
Tennessee-10
Joseph Edwin Washington D
Tennessee-6
Benton McMillin D
Tennessee-4
Nicholas Nichols Cox D
Tennessee-7
Henry Richard Gibson R
Tennessee-2
James Daniel Richardson D
Tennessee-5
Jo Abbott D
Texas-6
Charles Keith Bell D
Texas-8
Jeremiah Vardaman Cockrell D
Texas-13
William Henry Crain D
Texas-11
Miles Crowley D
Texas-10
David Browning Culberson D
Texas-4
Joseph Chappell Hutcheson D
Texas-1
George Henry Noonan R
Texas-12
George Cassety Pendleton D
Texas-7
Charles Henderson Yoakum D
Texas-3
Joseph Draper Sayers D
Texas-9
Joseph Weldon Bailey D
Texas-5
Samuel Bronson Cooper D
Texas-2
Clarence Emir Allen R
Utah-1
Tazewell Ellett D
Virginia-3
William Robertson McKenney D
Virginia-4
Elisha Edward Meredith D
Virginia-8
Smith Spangler Turner D
Virginia-7
David Gardiner Tyler D
Virginia-2
James Alexander Walker R
Virginia-9
Peter Johnston Otey D
Virginia-6
William Atkinson Jones D
Virginia-1
Claude Augustus Swanson D
Virginia-5
Henry St. George Tucker D
Virginia-10
William Wallace Grout R
Vermont-2
Horace Henry Powers R
Vermont-1
William Hall Doolittle R
Washington-AL
Samuel Andrew Cook R
Wisconsin-6
Michael Griffin R
Wisconsin-7
Edward Sauerhering R
Wisconsin-2
Alexander Stewart R
Wisconsin-9
Samuel Stebbins Barney R
Wisconsin-5
Joseph Weeks Babcock R
Wisconsin-3
Edward Sloman Minor R
Wisconsin-8
Theobald Otjen R
Wisconsin-4
John James Jenkins R
Wisconsin-10
Henry Allen Cooper R
Wisconsin-1
James Hall Huling R
West Virginia-3
Warren Miller R
West Virginia-4
Alston Gordon Dayton R
West Virginia-2
Blackburn Barrett Dovener R
West Virginia-1
Franklin Wheeler Mondell R
Wyoming-AL
legislative/lawsLaws enacted
+12Congress.gov ↗
Complete lists of public laws start with the 93rd Congress (Jan 3, 1973). Earlier years show notable and landmark acts only.
12 laws recorded · 0 landmark · 12 notable
Dingley Act
Ch. 11, Sess. 1, 55th Cong. · Jul 24, 1897
Teller Amendment (Cuba)
30 Stat. 738 · Apr 20, 1898
Declaration of war on Spain (Spanish–American War)
Ch. 189, Sess. 2, 55th Cong. · Apr 25, 1898
Erdman Act
Ch. 370, Sess. 2, 55th Cong. · Jun 1, 1898
War Revenue Act of 1898
Ch. 448, Sess. 2, 55th Cong. · Jun 13, 1898
Curtis Act of 1898
Ch. 517, Sess. 2, 55th Cong. · Jun 28, 1898
Bankruptcy Act of 1898 (Henderson-Nelson Act)
Ch. 541, Sess. 2, 55th Cong. · Jul 1, 1898
Newlands Resolution
30 Stat. 750 · Jul 7, 1898
Rivers and Harbors Act of 1899
Ch. 425, Sess. 3, 55th Cong. · Mar 3, 1899
Gold Standard Act
Ch. 41, Sess. 1, 56th Cong. · Mar 14, 1900
Show 2 more notable laws
Foraker Act
Ch. 191, Sess. 1, 56th Cong. · Apr 12, 1900
Hawaiian Organic Act
Ch. 339, Sess. 1, 56th Cong. · Apr 30, 1900

Judicial3 files+923−1

judicial/supreme-courtThe Supreme Court
+1−1Federal Judicial Center ↗
Bench by appointing party: 6 R · 3 D → 6 R · 3 D · every justice ↗
Stephen Johnson Field R
appointed by Abraham Lincoln · 1863
Joseph McKenna R
appointed by William McKinley · 1898
8 justices served on both dates
John Marshall Harlan R
appointed by Rutherford B. Hayes · 1877
Horace Gray R
appointed by Chester A. Arthur · 1881
Melville Weston Fuller D
appointed by Grover Cleveland · 1888
David Josiah Brewer R
appointed by Benjamin Harrison · 1889
Henry Billings Brown R
appointed by Benjamin Harrison · 1890
George Shiras, Jr. R
appointed by Benjamin Harrison · 1892
Edward Douglass White D
appointed by Grover Cleveland · 1894
Rufus Wheeler Peckham D
appointed by Grover Cleveland · 1895
judicial/lower-courtsAppeals & district courts
+39Federal Judicial Center ↗
Courts of appeals (active judges): 10 R · 9 D · 6 N( → 13 R · 8 D · 6 N(
District courts (active judges): 47 R · 23 D · 1 N( → 51 R · 21 D · 2 N(
William McKinley R appointed 37 judges
1 Supreme Court · 6 appeals · 24 district · 6 other
None (reassignment) N( appointed 2 judges
2 district
2 circuits flipped majority
Sixth Circuit 1 D · 1 R (tie majority)
Sixth Circuit 1 D · 2 R (R majority)
Seventh Circuit 2 D · 1 R (D majority)
Seventh Circuit 1 D · 1 R (tie majority)
D and R describe the party of the appointing president, not the judge. Active service ends when a judge takes senior status.
judicial/rulingsSupreme Court decisions
+883Supreme Court Database ↗
883 argued decisions · 5 landmark
United States v. Wong Kim Ark
169 U.S. 649 · Mar 28, 1898 · Decided 7–2 · Civil Rights · Affirmed
Kirby v. United States
174 U.S. 47 · Apr 11, 1899 · Decided 6–2 · Criminal Procedure · Reversed and remanded · Declared federal law unconstitutional
Jones v. Meehan
175 U.S. 1 · Oct 30, 1899 · Decided 9–0 · Civil Rights · Affirmed · Declared federal law unconstitutional
Fairbank v. United States
181 U.S. 283 · Apr 15, 1901 · Decided 5–4 · Federal Taxation · Reversed and remanded · Declared federal law unconstitutional
Downes v. Bidwell
182 U.S. 244 · May 27, 1901 · Decided 5–4 · Miscellaneous · Affirmed
Landmark means the Court overruled precedent, struck down a federal law, or the case is on a curated landmark list.

Fiscal2 files±0

fiscal/budgetThe federal budget
OMB Historical Tables ↗
Fiscal year undefined → fiscal year undefined · inflation-adjusted with the GDP price index
fiscal/debtTotal public debt outstanding
+$373MTreasury Fiscal Data ↗
$1.8B
as of Jul 1, 1896
$2.1B
as of Jul 1, 1901

Constitution & Union1 file±0

constitution/amendmentsAmendments & statehood
±0National Archives ↗
15 → 15 amendments in force · 45 → 45 states
No amendments ratified and no states admitted. The last amendment was the 27th, in 1992.

Reverts1 file±0

revert/undoneWhat was undone
nothingFederal Register · Congress.gov · SCDB ↗
No executive orders revoked, no rules struck down by Congress, and no precedents overruled in this window (executive-order records begin in 1994).

Log1 file±0

logEverything in between
21 events
William McKinley Jr. takes office · 1897-03-04Dingley Act · 1897-07-24Joseph McKenna — Associate Justice · 1898-01-21United States v. Wong Kim Ark · 1898-03-28Teller Amendment (Cuba) · 1898-04-20Declaration of war on Spain · 1898-04-25Declaration of war on Spain (Spanish–American War) · 1898-04-25Erdman Act · 1898-06-01War Revenue Act of 1898 · 1898-06-13Curtis Act of 1898 · 1898-06-28Bankruptcy Act of 1898 (Henderson-Nelson Act) · 1898-07-01Newlands Resolution · 1898-07-07Rivers and Harbors Act of 1899 · 1899-03-03Kirby v. United States · 1899-04-11Jones v. Meehan · 1899-10-30Gold Standard Act · 1900-03-14Foraker Act · 1900-04-12Hawaiian Organic Act · 1900-04-30William McKinley Jr. takes office · 1901-03-04Fairbank v. United States · 1901-04-15Downes v. Bidwell · 1901-05-271898189919001901
  1. presidentWilliam McKinley Jr. takes office
  2. lawDingley Act
  3. justiceJoseph McKenna — Associate Justice
  4. rulingUnited States v. Wong Kim Ark
  5. lawTeller Amendment (Cuba)
  6. war powersDeclaration of war on Spain
  7. lawDeclaration of war on Spain (Spanish–American War)
  8. lawErdman Act
  9. lawWar Revenue Act of 1898
  10. lawCurtis Act of 1898
  11. lawBankruptcy Act of 1898 (Henderson-Nelson Act)
  12. lawNewlands Resolution
  13. lawRivers and Harbors Act of 1899
  14. rulingKirby v. United States
  15. rulingJones v. Meehan
  16. lawGold Standard Act
  17. lawForaker Act
  18. lawHawaiian Organic Act
  19. presidentWilliam McKinley Jr. takes office
  20. rulingFairbank v. United States
  21. rulingDownes v. Bidwell