How did the United States change between and ?

Pick two dates. See the laws, the executive orders, the courts, Congress, federal agencies, the Constitution and the budget, as a diff.

Trump II so farBiden termTrump I termObama termSince 9/11Since ReaganPostwar → now
civicdiff.com/1881-09-19...1885-03-03 · 3.5 years json
18 files changed, 1,369 insertions(+), 27 deletions(−)
Laws enacted
+7
major laws · full counts from 1973
Executive orders
—
records start in 1994
Final rules
—
records start in 1994
Supreme Court
2 of 9
seats changed hands
Agencies
+3 −0
departments & tracked agencies
Public debt
−$238M
$2.1B → $1.8B

The presidency passed from James Abram Garfield to Chester Alan Arthur. 40 senators and 326 representatives took seats that they did not hold before. 2 new justices joined the Supreme Court.

Executive5 files+8−8

executive/presidentThe presidency
+1−1National Archives ↗
James Abram Garfield R
20th president
Chester Alan Arthur R
21st president · took office Sep 19, 1881
executive/vice-presidentThe vice presidency
+1−1Senate Historical Office ↗
Chester Alan Arthur R
vacant
executive/cabinetCabinet & senior officials
+3−6Wikidata ↗
Secretary of State
James G. Blaine R
Frederick T. Frelinghuysen R
Secretary of the Treasury · 3 people took this office in between
William Windom R
Hugh McCulloch R
Attorney General
Wayne MacVeagh D
Benjamin H. Brewster R
Postmaster General
Thomas Lemuel James R
vacant on Mar 3, 1885
next: William Freeman Vilas D · Mar 6, 1885
Secretary of the Interior
Samuel J. Kirkwood R
vacant on Mar 3, 1885
next: Lucius Quintus Cincinnatus Lamar D · Mar 6, 1885
Other senior officials (1 changed)
Postmaster General
Thomas Lemuel James R
vacant on Mar 3, 1885
next: William Freeman Vilas D · Mar 6, 1885
2 offices unchanged
Secretary of War: Robert Todd Lincoln R
Solicitor General: Samuel F. Phillips R
executive/ordersExecutive orders
no dataFederal Register API ↗
Federal Register records of executive orders begin in 1994.
executive/agenciesFederal agencies
+3Wikidata ↗
46 → 49 tracked organizations · 8 → 8 executive departments
Bureau of Animal Industry
established Jan 1, 1884 · American federal government organization
Bureau of Labor Statistics
established Jan 1, 1884 · US government agency
Bureau of Navigation
established Jan 1, 1884 · American government agency enforcing maritime law (1884–1946)
Agency start and end dates come from Wikidata, which covers smaller bureaus unevenly.

Military1 file±0

military/conflictsArmed conflicts
±0UCDP/PRIO Armed Conflict Dataset ↗
U.S. in 0 armed conflicts → 0
The U.S. was not a party to any armed conflict in this window (conflict records start in 1946).
An armed conflict here means at least 25 battle deaths in a year, with U.S. forces as a party or fighting for a government (UCDP's definition). Air strikes, raids, and advisory missions below that threshold aren't included. UN peacekeeping missions are excluded.

Legislative4 files+373−15

legislative/controlControl of Congress
2 changesHouse History / Senate Historical Office ↗
Top: House · Bottom: Senate DemocraticRepublicanOther
47th Congress → 48th Congress · 1 new Congress elected
2 changes of chamber control along the way
House: Republican majority
1 R
House: null majority
199 D · 114 R
Senate: Democrat majority
28 D · 21 R
Senate: Republican majority
40 R · 36 D
legislative/senateSenate
+40−14congress-legislators ↗
Sep 19, 1881 · 28 D · 21 R · 1 I
John Tyler Morgan (Democrat, AL)James Lawrence Pugh (Democrat, AL)Augustus Hill Garland (Democrat, AR)James David Walker (Democrat, AR)James Thompson Farley (Democrat, CA)Eli Saulsbury (Democrat, DE)Wilkinson Call (Democrat, FL)Benjamin Harvey Hill (Democrat, GA)Joseph Emerson Brown (Democrat, GA)Daniel Wolsey Voorhees (Democrat, IN)James Burnie Beck (Democrat, KY)John Stuart Williams (Democrat, KY)Benjamin Franklin Jonas (Democrat, LA)James Black Groome (Democrat, MD)George Graham Vest (Democrat, MO)Lucius Quintus Cincinnatus Lamar (Democrat, MS)Matt Whitaker Ransom (Democrat, NC)Zebulon Baird Vance (Democrat, NC)John Rhoderic McPherson (Democrat, NJ)George Hunt Pendleton (Democrat, OH)La Fayette Grover (Democrat, OR)James Harvey Slater (Democrat, OR)Matthew Calbraith Butler (Democrat, SC)Wade Hampton (Democrat, SC)Isham Green Harris (Democrat, TN)Richard Coke (Democrat, TX)John Warfield Johnston (Democrat, VA)Henry Gassaway Davis (Democrat, WV)David Davis (Independent, IL)John Franklin Miller (Republican, CA)Henry Moore Teller (Republican, CO)Nathaniel Peter Hill (Republican, CO)Orville Hitchcock Platt (Republican, CT)Samuel Jordan Kirkwood (Republican, IA)William Boyd Allison (Republican, IA)John Alexander Logan (Republican, IL)Preston B. Plumb (Republican, KS)John James Ingalls (Republican, KS)William Pitt Kellogg (Republican, LA)George Frisbie Hoar (Republican, MA)Thomas White Ferry (Republican, MI)Alvin Saunders (Republican, NE)Edward Henry Rollins (Republican, NH)Henry William Blair (Republican, NH)John Percival Jones (Republican, NV)Roscoe Conkling (Republican, NY)James Donald Cameron (Republican, PA)Henry Bowen Anthony (Republican, RI)Justin Smith Morrill (Republican, VT)Matthew Hale Carpenter (Republican, WI)
Mar 3, 1885 · 40 R · 36 D
James Lawrence Pugh (Democrat, AL)John Tyler Morgan (Democrat, AL)James David Walker (Democrat, AR)Augustus Hill Garland (Democrat, AR)James Thompson Farley (Democrat, CA)Thomas Francis Bayard Sr. (Democrat, DE)Eli Saulsbury (Democrat, DE)Wilkinson Call (Democrat, FL)Charles William Jones (Democrat, FL)Joseph Emerson Brown (Democrat, GA)Alfred Holt Colquitt (Democrat, GA)Daniel Wolsey Voorhees (Democrat, IN)John Stuart Williams (Democrat, KY)James Burnie Beck (Democrat, KY)Benjamin Franklin Jonas (Democrat, LA)Randall Lee Gibson (Democrat, LA)James Black Groome (Democrat, MD)Arthur Pue Gorman (Democrat, MD)George Graham Vest (Democrat, MO)Francis Marion Cockrell (Democrat, MO)James Zachariah George (Democrat, MS)Lucius Quintus Cincinnatus Lamar (Democrat, MS)Zebulon Baird Vance (Democrat, NC)Matt Whitaker Ransom (Democrat, NC)John Rhoderic McPherson (Democrat, NJ)James Graham Fair (Democrat, NV)George Hunt Pendleton (Democrat, OH)James Harvey Slater (Democrat, OR)Wade Hampton (Democrat, SC)Matthew Calbraith Butler (Democrat, SC)Howell Edmunds Jackson (Democrat, TN)Isham Green Harris (Democrat, TN)Samuel Bell Maxey (Democrat, TX)Richard Coke (Democrat, TX)Johnson Newlon Camden (Democrat, WV)John Edward Kenna (Democrat, WV)John Franklin Miller (Republican, CA)Nathaniel Peter Hill (Republican, CO)Thomas Mead Bowen (Republican, CO)Orville Hitchcock Platt (Republican, CT)Joseph Roswell Hawley (Republican, CT)William Boyd Allison (Republican, IA)James Falconer Wilson (Republican, IA)John Alexander Logan (Republican, IL)Shelby Moore Cullom (Republican, IL)Benjamin Harrison (Republican, IN)John James Ingalls (Republican, KS)Preston B. Plumb (Republican, KS)Henry Laurens Dawes (Republican, MA)George Frisbie Hoar (Republican, MA)Eugene Hale (Republican, ME)William Pierce Frye (Republican, ME)Omar Dwight Conger (Republican, MI)Thomas Witherell Palmer (Republican, MI)Samuel James Renwick McMillan (Republican, MN)Dwight May Sabin (Republican, MN)Charles Henry Van Wyck (Republican, NE)Charles Frederick Manderson (Republican, NE)Henry William Blair (Republican, NH)Austin Franklin Pike (Republican, NH)William Joyce Sewell (Republican, NJ)John Percival Jones (Republican, NV)Elbridge Gerry Lapham (Republican, NY)Warner Miller (Republican, NY)John Sherman (Republican, OH)Joseph Norton Dolph (Republican, OR)James Donald Cameron (Republican, PA)John Inscho Mitchell (Republican, PA)Nelson Wilmarth Aldrich (Republican, RI)William Paine Sheffield (Republican, RI)William Mahone (Republican, VA)Harrison Holt Riddleberger (Republican, VA)Justin Smith Morrill (Republican, VT)George Franklin Edmunds (Republican, VT)Angus Cameron (Republican, WI)Philetus Sawyer (Republican, WI)
40 new members · 14 departed · 36 served on both dates · women 0 → 0 · median age 55 → 56
4 seats changed party
John Warfield Johnston D
Virginia seat
Harrison Holt Riddleberger R
Virginia seat
La Fayette Grover D
Oregon seat
Joseph Norton Dolph R
Oregon seat
William Pitt Kellogg R
Louisiana seat
Randall Lee Gibson D
Louisiana seat
David Davis I
Illinois seat
Shelby Moore Cullom R
Illinois seat
Who joined and who left (40 in · 14 out)
Thomas Mead Bowen R
Colorado
Joseph Roswell Hawley R
Connecticut
Thomas Francis Bayard Sr. D
Delaware
Charles William Jones D
Florida
Alfred Holt Colquitt D
Georgia
James Falconer Wilson R
Iowa
Shelby Moore Cullom R
Illinois
Benjamin Harrison R
Indiana
Randall Lee Gibson D
Louisiana
Henry Laurens Dawes R
Massachusetts
Arthur Pue Gorman D
Maryland
Eugene Hale R
Maine
William Pierce Frye R
Maine
Omar Dwight Conger R
Michigan
Thomas Witherell Palmer R
Michigan
Samuel James Renwick McMillan R
Minnesota
Dwight May Sabin R
Minnesota
Francis Marion Cockrell D
Missouri
James Zachariah George D
Mississippi
Charles Henry Van Wyck R
Nebraska
Charles Frederick Manderson R
Nebraska
Austin Franklin Pike R
New Hampshire
William Joyce Sewell R
New Jersey
James Graham Fair D
Nevada
Elbridge Gerry Lapham R
New York
Warner Miller R
New York
John Sherman R
Ohio
Joseph Norton Dolph R
Oregon
John Inscho Mitchell R
Pennsylvania
Nelson Wilmarth Aldrich R
Rhode Island
William Paine Sheffield R
Rhode Island
Howell Edmunds Jackson D
Tennessee
Samuel Bell Maxey D
Texas
William Mahone R
Virginia
Harrison Holt Riddleberger R
Virginia
George Franklin Edmunds R
Vermont
Angus Cameron R
Wisconsin
Philetus Sawyer R
Wisconsin
Johnson Newlon Camden D
West Virginia
John Edward Kenna D
West Virginia
Henry Moore Teller R
Colorado
Benjamin Harvey Hill D
Georgia
Samuel Jordan Kirkwood R
Iowa
David Davis I
Illinois
William Pitt Kellogg R
Louisiana
Thomas White Ferry R
Michigan
Alvin Saunders R
Nebraska
Edward Henry Rollins R
New Hampshire
Roscoe Conkling R
New York
La Fayette Grover D
Oregon
Henry Bowen Anthony R
Rhode Island
John Warfield Johnston D
Virginia
Matthew Hale Carpenter R
Wisconsin
Henry Gassaway Davis D
West Virginia
legislative/houseHouse
+326−1congress-legislators ↗
Sep 19, 1881 · 1 R
Nelson Wilmarth Aldrich (Republican, RI-1)
Mar 3, 1885 · 199 D · 114 R · 5 R · 3 ID · 2 I · 2 NG · 1 IR
Thomas Hord Herndon (Democrat, AL-1)Goldsmith Whitehouse Hewitt (Democrat, AL-6)Luke Pryor (Democrat, AL-8)Thomas Williams (Democrat, AL-5)William Henry Forney (Democrat, AL-7)Hilary Abner Herbert (Democrat, AL-2)William Calvin Oates (Democrat, AL-3)Poindexter Dunn (Democrat, AR-1)John Henry Rogers (Democrat, AR-3)Samuel West Peel (Democrat, AR-4)Clifton Rodes Breckinridge (Democrat, AR-AL)James Kimbrough Jones (Democrat, AR-2)Granville Henderson Oury (Democrat, AZ-AL)James Herbert Budd (Democrat, CA-2)John Raglan Glascock (Democrat, CA-AL)William Starke Rosecrans (Democrat, CA-1)Pleasant Britton Tully (Democrat, CA-4)Barclay Henley (Democrat, CA-3)William Wallace Eaton (Democrat, CT-1)Charles Le Moyne Mitchell (Democrat, CT-2)Edward Woodruff Seymour (Democrat, CT-4)Charles Brown Lore (Democrat, DE-AL)Robert Hamilton McWhorta Davidson (Democrat, FL-1)Hugh Buchanan (Democrat, GA-4)Thomas Hardeman Jr. (Democrat, GA-AL)John Calhoun Nicholls (Democrat, GA-1)Nathaniel Job Hammond (Democrat, GA-5)Seaborn Reese (Democrat, GA-8)Allen Daniel Candler (Democrat, GA-9)Judson Claudius Clements (Democrat, GA-7)James Henderson Blount (Democrat, GA-6)Charles Frederick Crisp (Democrat, GA-3)Henry Gray Turner (Democrat, GA-2)John Calhoun Cook (Democrat, IA-6)William Henry Mills Pusey (Democrat, IA-9)Jeremiah Henry Murphy (Democrat, IA-2)Samuel Wheeler Moulton (Democrat, IL-17)Aaron Shaw (Democrat, IL-16)William Ralls Morrison (Democrat, IL-18)William Henry Neece (Democrat, IL-11)James Milton Riggs (Democrat, IL-12)Nicholas Ellsworth Worthington (Democrat, IL-10)Richard Wellington Townshend (Democrat, IL-19)William McKendree Springer (Democrat, IL-13)William Eastin English (Democrat, IN-7)John Edward Lamb (Democrat, IN-8)Strother Madison Stockslager (Democrat, IN-3)Thomas Jefferson Wood (Democrat, IN-10)Thomas Reed Cobb (Democrat, IN-2)John Jay Kleiner (Democrat, IN-1)Robert Lowry (Democrat, IN-12)Thomas Bayless Ward (Democrat, IN-9)Courtland Cushing Matson (Democrat, IN-5)William Steele Holman (Democrat, IN-4)James Franklin Clay (Democrat, KY-2)Philip Burton Thompson Jr. (Democrat, KY-8)John Edward Halsell (Democrat, KY-3)Thomas Austin Robertson (Democrat, KY-4)Albert Shelby Willis (Democrat, KY-5)Frank Lane Wolford (Democrat, KY-11)John Griffin Carlisle (Democrat, KY-6)Joseph Clay Stiles Blackburn (Democrat, KY-7)Ezekiel John Ellis (Democrat, LA-2)Carleton Hunt (Democrat, LA-1)Edward Taylor Lewis (Democrat, LA-6)John Floyd King (Democrat, LA-5)Newton Crain Blanchard (Democrat, LA-4)Henry Bacon Lovering (Democrat, MA-6)Patrick Andrew Collins (Democrat, MA-4)Leopold Morse (Democrat, MA-5)George Washington Covington (Democrat, MD-1)Fetter Schrier Hoblitzell (Democrat, MD-3)John Van Lear Findlay (Democrat, MD-4)Joshua Frederick Cockey Talbott (Democrat, MD-2)Julius Houseman (Democrat, MI-5)George Lewis Yaple (Democrat, MI-4)Ezra Child Carleton (Democrat, MI-7)Nathaniel Buel Eldredge (Democrat, MI-2)William Cotter Maybury (Democrat, MI-1)Edwin Baruch Winans (Democrat, MI-6)Armstead Milton Alexander (Democrat, MO-2)James Overton Broadhead (Democrat, MO-9)Aylett Hawes Buckner (Democrat, MO-7)John Cosgrove (Democrat, MO-6)Lowndes Henry Davis (Democrat, MO-14)Alexander Graves (Democrat, MO-5)Martin Linn Clardy (Democrat, MO-10)James Nelson Burnes (Democrat, MO-4)Robert Washington Fyan (Democrat, MO-13)William Henry Hatch (Democrat, MO-1)John Joseph O’Neill (Democrat, MO-8)Alexander Monroe Dockery (Democrat, MO-3)Richard Parks Bland (Democrat, MO-11)Charles Henry Morgan (Democrat, MO-12)Vannoy Hartrog Manning (Democrat, MS-AL)Henry Lowndes Muldrow (Democrat, MS-1)Ethelbert Barksdale (Democrat, MS-7)Otho Robards Singleton (Democrat, MS-5)Henry Smith Van Eaton (Democrat, MS-6)Hernando De Soto Money (Democrat, MS-4)Martin Maginnis (Democrat, MT-AL)Clement Dowd (Democrat, NC-6)Alfred Moore Scales (Democrat, NC-5)Robert Brank Vance (Democrat, NC-8)Risden Tyler Bennett (Democrat, NC-AL)William Ruffin Cox (Democrat, NC-4)Wharton Jackson Green (Democrat, NC-3)Thomas Merrill Ferrell (Democrat, NJ-1)William Henry Frederick Fiedler (Democrat, NJ-6)William McAdoo (Democrat, NJ-7)George Williams Cassidy (Democrat, NV-AL)John Holroyd Bagley Jr. (Democrat, NY-15)William Dorsheimer (Democrat, NY-7)John Hardy (Democrat, NY-9)Waldo Hutchins (Democrat, NY-12)Orlando Brunson Potter (Democrat, NY-11)William Erigena Robinson (Democrat, NY-2)William Findlay Rogers (Democrat, NY-32)Henry Warner Slocum (Democrat, NY-AL)Robert Smith Stevens (Democrat, NY-31)Thomas Jefferson Van Alstyne (Democrat, NY-16)Edward Wemple (Democrat, NY-20)John Joseph Adams (Democrat, NY-8)John Arnot Jr. (Democrat, NY-29)Lewis Beach (Democrat, NY-14)Abram Stevens Hewitt (Democrat, NY-10)John Thomas Spriggs (Democrat, NY-23)Perry Belmont (Democrat, NY-1)Felix Campbell (Democrat, NY-4)Samuel Sullivan Cox (Democrat, NY-6)Halbert Stevens Greenleaf (Democrat, NY-30)Nicholas Muller (Democrat, NY-5)George Leroy Converse (Democrat, OH-13)John Fassett Follett (Democrat, OH-1)Frank Hunt Hurd (Democrat, OH-10)Isaac M. Jordan (Democrat, OH-2)Robert Maynard Murray (Democrat, OH-3)David Raymond Paige (Democrat, OH-20)Jonathan Hasson Wallace (Democrat, OH-18)George Washington Geddes (Democrat, OH-14)William David Hill (Democrat, OH-6)Benjamin Le Fevre (Democrat, OH-4)Adoniram Judson Warner (Democrat, OH-15)James Edwin Campbell (Democrat, OH-7)Martin Ambrose Foran (Democrat, OH-21)Beriah Wilkins (Democrat, OH-16)George Ebbert Seney (Democrat, OH-5)Daniel Ward Connolly (Democrat, PA-12)William Addison Duncan (Democrat, PA-19)Mortimer Fitzland Elliott (Democrat, PA-AL)James Herron Hopkins (Democrat, PA-22)John Denniston Patton (Democrat, PA-25)George Adams Post (Democrat, PA-15)Charles Edmund Boyle (Democrat, PA-21)Andrew Gregg Curtin (Democrat, PA-20)John Brutzman Storm (Democrat, PA-11)Samuel Jackson Randall (Democrat, PA-3)William Mutchler (Democrat, PA-10)Daniel Ermentrout (Democrat, PA-8)John Bratton (Democrat, SC-4)David Wyatt Aiken (Democrat, SC-3)George William Dargan (Democrat, SC-6)Samuel Dibble (Democrat, SC-1)John James Hemphill (Democrat, SC-5)George Dionysius Tillman (Democrat, SC-2)George Gibbs Dibrell (Democrat, TN-3)Richard Warner (Democrat, TN-5)Hiram Casey Young (Democrat, TN-10)John Goff Ballentine (Democrat, TN-7)Andrew Jackson Caldwell (Democrat, TN-6)John May Taylor (Democrat, TN-8)Benton McMillin (Democrat, TN-4)Rice Alexander Pierce (Democrat, TN-9)John Hancock (Democrat, TX-10)James Henry Jones (Democrat, TX-3)James Francis Miller (Democrat, TX-8)James Webb Throckmorton (Democrat, TX-5)Olin Wellborn (Democrat, TX-6)John Henninger Reagan (Democrat, TX-2)Charles Stewart (Democrat, TX-1)Roger Quarles Mills (Democrat, TX-9)David Browning Culberson (Democrat, TX-4)Samuel Willis Tucker Lanham (Democrat, TX-11)John Thomas Caine (Democrat, UT-AL)George Tankard Garrison (Democrat, VA-1)George Craighead Cabell (Democrat, VA-5)John Randolph Tucker (Democrat, VA-6)John Strode Barbour Jr. (Democrat, VA-8)George Douglas Wise (Democrat, VA-3)Peter Victor Deuster (Democrat, WI-4)Burr W. Jones (Democrat, WI-3)Daniel Hadley Sumner (Democrat, WI-2)John Winans (Democrat, WI-1)Gilbert Motier Woodward (Democrat, WI-7)Joseph Rankin (Democrat, WI-5)Eustace Gibson (Democrat, WV-4)Charles Philip Snyder (Democrat, WV-3)William Lyne Wilson (Democrat, WV-2)Morton Everel Post (Democrat, WY-AL)James Ronald Chalmers (Independent, MS-2)Thomas Peck Ochiltree (Independent, TX-7)Luman Hamlin Weller (National Greenbacker, IA-4)John Frederick Finerty (Ind. Democrat, IL-2)Oscar Turner (Ind. Democrat, KY-1)Theodore Lyman (Ind. Republican, MA-9)Tyre York (Ind. Democrat, NC-7)Charles Napoleon Brumm (National Greenbacker, PA-13)Benjamin Stephen Hooper (Readjuster, VA-4)John Paul (Readjuster, VA-7)John Sergeant Wise (Readjuster, VA-AL)Harry Libbey (Readjuster, VA-2)Henry Bowen (Readjuster, VA-9)George Henry Craig (Republican, AL-4)James Burns Belford (Republican, CO-1)John Turner Wait (Republican, CT-3)Horatio Bisbee Jr. (Republican, FL-2)John Adam Kasson (Republican, IA-7)Moses Ayers McCoid (Republican, IA-1)James Wilson (Republican, IA-5)Adoniram Judson Holmes (Republican, IA-10)Isaac S. Struble (Republican, IA-11)David Bremner Henderson (Republican, IA-3)William Peters Hepburn (Republican, IA-8)Theodore Frelinghuysen Singiser (Republican, ID-AL)William Cullen (Republican, IL-8)George Royal Davis (Republican, IL-3)Reuben Ellwood (Republican, IL-5)Ransom Williams Dunham (Republican, IL-1)John Robert Thomas (Republican, IL-20)George Everett Adams (Republican, IL-4)Lewis Edwin Payson (Republican, IL-9)Jonathan Harvey Rowell (Republican, IL-14)Thomas Jefferson Henderson (Republican, IL-7)Robert Roberts Hitt (Republican, IL-6)Joseph Gurney Cannon (Republican, IL-15)William Henry Calkins (Republican, IN-13)Thomas McLelland Browne (Republican, IN-6)George Washington Steele (Republican, IN-11)Dudley Chase Haskell (Republican, KS-2)Lewis Hanback (Republican, KS-AL)John Alexander Anderson (Republican, KS-1)Thomas Ryan (Republican, KS-3)William Wirt Culbertson (Republican, KY-9)John Daugherty White (Republican, KY-10)William Pitt Kellogg (Republican, LA-3)George Dexter Robinson (Republican, MA-12)William Augustus Russell (Republican, MA-8)Ambrose Arnold Ranney (Republican, MA-3)William Whitney Rice (Republican, MA-10)Eben Francis Stone (Republican, MA-7)Robert Thompson Davis (Republican, MA-1)John Davis Long (Republican, MA-2)William Whiting (Republican, MA-11)Hart Benton Holton (Republican, MD-5)Louis Emory McComas (Republican, MD-6)Seth Llewellyn Milliken (Republican, ME-AL)Edward Breitung (Republican, MI-11)Herschel Harrison Hatch (Republican, MI-10)Roswell Gilbert Horr (Republican, MI-8)Edward Samuel Lacey (Republican, MI-3)Byron M. Cutcheon (Republican, MI-9)Horace Burton Strait (Republican, MN-3)James Beach Wakefield (Republican, MN-2)Milo White (Republican, MN-1)William Drew Washburn (Republican, MN-4)Knute Nelson (Republican, MN-5)Elza Jeffords (Republican, MS-3)Walter Freshwater Pool (Republican, NC-1)James Edward O’Hara (Republican, NC-2)Edward Kimble Valentine (Republican, NE-3)Archibald Jerard Weaver (Republican, NE-1)James Laird (Republican, NE-2)Ossian Ray (Republican, NH-2)Martin Alonzo Haynes (Republican, NH-1)John Hart Brewer (Republican, NJ-2)Benjamin Franklin Howey (Republican, NJ-4)William Walter Phelps (Republican, NJ-5)John Kean (Republican, NJ-3)Tranquilino Luna (Republican, NM-AL)Francis Beattie Brewer (Republican, NY-33)Charles Rufus Skinner (Republican, NY-22)Henry Gordon Burleigh (Republican, NY-17)Darwin Rush James (Republican, NY-3)Frederick Avery Johnson (Republican, NY-18)Stephen Columbus Millard (Republican, NY-28)Frank Hiscock (Republican, NY-25)Abraham X. Parker (Republican, NY-19)Newton Wright Nutting (Republican, NY-24)George Washington Ray (Republican, NY-21)John Henry Ketcham (Republican, NY-13)James Wolcott Wadsworth (Republican, NY-27)Sereno Elisha Payne (Republican, NY-26)Alphonso Hart (Republican, OH-12)John Watts McCormick (Republican, OH-11)James Sidney Robinson (Republican, OH-9)Ezra Booth Taylor (Republican, OH-19)Joseph Danner Taylor (Republican, OH-17)Joseph Warren Keifer (Republican, OH-8)Melvin Clark George (Republican, OR-1)Samuel Fleming Barr (Republican, PA-14)Samuel Myron Brainerd (Republican, PA-27)George Van Eman Lawrence (Republican, PA-24)Abraham Herr Smith (Republican, PA-9)William Wallace Brown (Republican, PA-16)Jacob Miller Campbell (Republican, PA-17)Isaac Newton Evans (Republican, PA-7)James Bowen Everhart (Republican, PA-6)Thomas McKee Bayne (Republican, PA-23)William Darrah Kelley (Republican, PA-4)Louis Evans Atkinson (Republican, PA-18)Charles O’Neill (Republican, PA-2)Alfred Crout Harmer (Republican, PA-5)Henry Harrison Bingham (Republican, PA-1)Samuel Henry Miller (Republican, PA-26)Jonathan Chace (Republican, RI-2)Henry Joshua Spooner (Republican, RI-1)Edmund William McGregor Mackey (Republican, SC-7)Augustus Herman Pettibone (Republican, TN-1)Leonidas Campbell Houk (Republican, TN-2)Luke Potter Poland (Republican, VT-2)John Wolcott Stewart (Republican, VT-1)Thomas Hurley Brents (Republican, WA-AL)William Thompson Price (Republican, WI-8)Richard William Guenther (Republican, WI-6)Isaac Stephenson (Republican, WI-9)Nathan Goff (Republican, WV-1)
326 new members · 1 departed · 0 served on both dates · women 0 → 0 · median age 40 → 50
45 state delegations changed
Show delegation changes
Alabama 0 D · 0 R
Alabama 7 D · 1 R
Arkansas 0 D · 0 R
Arkansas 5 D · 0 R
Arizona 0 D · 0 R
Arizona 1 D · 0 R
California 0 D · 0 R
California 5 D · 0 R
Colorado 0 D · 0 R
Colorado 0 D · 1 R
Connecticut 0 D · 0 R
Connecticut 3 D · 1 R
Delaware 0 D · 0 R
Delaware 1 D · 0 R
Florida 0 D · 0 R
Florida 1 D · 1 R
Georgia 0 D · 0 R
Georgia 10 D · 0 R
Iowa 0 D · 0 R
Iowa 3 D · 7 R · 1 other
Idaho 0 D · 0 R
Idaho 0 D · 1 R
Illinois 0 D · 0 R
Illinois 8 D · 11 R · 1 other
Indiana 0 D · 0 R
Indiana 10 D · 3 R
Kansas 0 D · 0 R
Kansas 0 D · 4 R
Kentucky 0 D · 0 R
Kentucky 8 D · 2 R · 1 other
Louisiana 0 D · 0 R
Louisiana 5 D · 1 R
Massachusetts 0 D · 0 R
Massachusetts 3 D · 8 R · 1 other
Maryland 0 D · 0 R
Maryland 4 D · 2 R
Maine 0 D · 0 R
Maine 0 D · 1 R
Michigan 0 D · 0 R
Michigan 6 D · 5 R
Minnesota 0 D · 0 R
Minnesota 0 D · 5 R
Missouri 0 D · 0 R
Missouri 14 D · 0 R
Mississippi 0 D · 0 R
Mississippi 6 D · 1 R · 1 other
Montana 0 D · 0 R
Montana 1 D · 0 R
North Carolina 0 D · 0 R
North Carolina 6 D · 2 R · 1 other
Nebraska 0 D · 0 R
Nebraska 0 D · 3 R
New Hampshire 0 D · 0 R
New Hampshire 0 D · 2 R
New Jersey 0 D · 0 R
New Jersey 3 D · 4 R
New Mexico 0 D · 0 R
New Mexico 0 D · 1 R
Nevada 0 D · 0 R
Nevada 1 D · 0 R
New York 0 D · 0 R
New York 21 D · 13 R
Ohio 0 D · 0 R
Ohio 15 D · 6 R
Oregon 0 D · 0 R
Oregon 0 D · 1 R
Pennsylvania 0 D · 0 R
Pennsylvania 12 D · 15 R · 1 other
Rhode Island 0 D · 1 R
Rhode Island 0 D · 2 R
South Carolina 0 D · 0 R
South Carolina 6 D · 1 R
Tennessee 0 D · 0 R
Tennessee 8 D · 2 R
Texas 0 D · 0 R
Texas 10 D · 0 R · 1 other
Utah 0 D · 0 R
Utah 1 D · 0 R
Virginia 0 D · 0 R
Virginia 5 D · 0 R · 5 other
Vermont 0 D · 0 R
Vermont 0 D · 2 R
Washington 0 D · 0 R
Washington 0 D · 1 R
Wisconsin 0 D · 0 R
Wisconsin 6 D · 3 R
West Virginia 0 D · 0 R
West Virginia 3 D · 1 R
Wyoming 0 D · 0 R
Wyoming 1 D · 0 R
Who joined and who left (326 in · 1 out)
George Henry Craig R
Alabama-4
Thomas Hord Herndon D
Alabama-1
Goldsmith Whitehouse Hewitt D
Alabama-6
Luke Pryor D
Alabama-8
Thomas Williams D
Alabama-5
William Henry Forney D
Alabama-7
Hilary Abner Herbert D
Alabama-2
William Calvin Oates D
Alabama-3
Poindexter Dunn D
Arkansas-1
John Henry Rogers D
Arkansas-3
Samuel West Peel D
Arkansas-4
Clifton Rodes Breckinridge D
Arkansas-AL
James Kimbrough Jones D
Arkansas-2
Granville Henderson Oury D
Arizona-AL
James Herbert Budd D
California-2
John Raglan Glascock D
California-AL
William Starke Rosecrans D
California-1
Pleasant Britton Tully D
California-4
Barclay Henley D
California-3
James Burns Belford R
Colorado-1
William Wallace Eaton D
Connecticut-1
Charles Le Moyne Mitchell D
Connecticut-2
Edward Woodruff Seymour D
Connecticut-4
John Turner Wait R
Connecticut-3
Charles Brown Lore D
Delaware-AL
Horatio Bisbee Jr. R
Florida-2
Robert Hamilton McWhorta Davidson D
Florida-1
Hugh Buchanan D
Georgia-4
Thomas Hardeman Jr. D
Georgia-AL
John Calhoun Nicholls D
Georgia-1
Nathaniel Job Hammond D
Georgia-5
Seaborn Reese D
Georgia-8
Allen Daniel Candler D
Georgia-9
Judson Claudius Clements D
Georgia-7
James Henderson Blount D
Georgia-6
Charles Frederick Crisp D
Georgia-3
Henry Gray Turner D
Georgia-2
John Calhoun Cook D
Iowa-6
John Adam Kasson R
Iowa-7
Moses Ayers McCoid R
Iowa-1
William Henry Mills Pusey D
Iowa-9
Luman Hamlin Weller NG
Iowa-4
James Wilson R
Iowa-5
Jeremiah Henry Murphy D
Iowa-2
Adoniram Judson Holmes R
Iowa-10
Isaac S. Struble R
Iowa-11
David Bremner Henderson R
Iowa-3
William Peters Hepburn R
Iowa-8
Theodore Frelinghuysen Singiser R
Idaho-AL
William Cullen R
Illinois-8
George Royal Davis R
Illinois-3
John Frederick Finerty ID
Illinois-2
Samuel Wheeler Moulton D
Illinois-17
Aaron Shaw D
Illinois-16
Reuben Ellwood R
Illinois-5
William Ralls Morrison D
Illinois-18
William Henry Neece D
Illinois-11
James Milton Riggs D
Illinois-12
Nicholas Ellsworth Worthington D
Illinois-10
Ransom Williams Dunham R
Illinois-1
John Robert Thomas R
Illinois-20
George Everett Adams R
Illinois-4
Lewis Edwin Payson R
Illinois-9
Jonathan Harvey Rowell R
Illinois-14
Richard Wellington Townshend D
Illinois-19
Thomas Jefferson Henderson R
Illinois-7
William McKendree Springer D
Illinois-13
Robert Roberts Hitt R
Illinois-6
Joseph Gurney Cannon R
Illinois-15
William Henry Calkins R
Indiana-13
William Eastin English D
Indiana-7
John Edward Lamb D
Indiana-8
Strother Madison Stockslager D
Indiana-3
Thomas Jefferson Wood D
Indiana-10
Thomas Reed Cobb D
Indiana-2
John Jay Kleiner D
Indiana-1
Robert Lowry D
Indiana-12
Thomas Bayless Ward D
Indiana-9
Courtland Cushing Matson D
Indiana-5
Thomas McLelland Browne R
Indiana-6
William Steele Holman D
Indiana-4
George Washington Steele R
Indiana-11
Dudley Chase Haskell R
Kansas-2
Lewis Hanback R
Kansas-AL
John Alexander Anderson R
Kansas-1
Thomas Ryan R
Kansas-3
James Franklin Clay D
Kentucky-2
William Wirt Culbertson R
Kentucky-9
Philip Burton Thompson Jr. D
Kentucky-8
Oscar Turner ID
Kentucky-1
John Daugherty White R
Kentucky-10
John Edward Halsell D
Kentucky-3
Thomas Austin Robertson D
Kentucky-4
Albert Shelby Willis D
Kentucky-5
Frank Lane Wolford D
Kentucky-11
John Griffin Carlisle D
Kentucky-6
Joseph Clay Stiles Blackburn D
Kentucky-7
Ezekiel John Ellis D
Louisiana-2
Carleton Hunt D
Louisiana-1
William Pitt Kellogg R
Louisiana-3
Edward Taylor Lewis D
Louisiana-6
John Floyd King D
Louisiana-5
Newton Crain Blanchard D
Louisiana-4
Theodore Lyman IR
Massachusetts-9
George Dexter Robinson R
Massachusetts-12
William Augustus Russell R
Massachusetts-8
Henry Bacon Lovering D
Massachusetts-6
Ambrose Arnold Ranney R
Massachusetts-3
William Whitney Rice R
Massachusetts-10
Eben Francis Stone R
Massachusetts-7
Patrick Andrew Collins D
Massachusetts-4
Robert Thompson Davis R
Massachusetts-1
John Davis Long R
Massachusetts-2
Leopold Morse D
Massachusetts-5
William Whiting R
Massachusetts-11
George Washington Covington D
Maryland-1
Fetter Schrier Hoblitzell D
Maryland-3
Hart Benton Holton R
Maryland-5
John Van Lear Findlay D
Maryland-4
Louis Emory McComas R
Maryland-6
Joshua Frederick Cockey Talbott D
Maryland-2
Seth Llewellyn Milliken R
Maine-AL
Edward Breitung R
Michigan-11
Herschel Harrison Hatch R
Michigan-10
Roswell Gilbert Horr R
Michigan-8
Julius Houseman D
Michigan-5
Edward Samuel Lacey R
Michigan-3
George Lewis Yaple D
Michigan-4
Ezra Child Carleton D
Michigan-7
Nathaniel Buel Eldredge D
Michigan-2
William Cotter Maybury D
Michigan-1
Edwin Baruch Winans D
Michigan-6
Byron M. Cutcheon R
Michigan-9
Horace Burton Strait R
Minnesota-3
James Beach Wakefield R
Minnesota-2
Milo White R
Minnesota-1
William Drew Washburn R
Minnesota-4
Knute Nelson R
Minnesota-5
Armstead Milton Alexander D
Missouri-2
James Overton Broadhead D
Missouri-9
Aylett Hawes Buckner D
Missouri-7
John Cosgrove D
Missouri-6
Lowndes Henry Davis D
Missouri-14
Alexander Graves D
Missouri-5
Martin Linn Clardy D
Missouri-10
James Nelson Burnes D
Missouri-4
Robert Washington Fyan D
Missouri-13
William Henry Hatch D
Missouri-1
John Joseph O’Neill D
Missouri-8
Alexander Monroe Dockery D
Missouri-3
Richard Parks Bland D
Missouri-11
Charles Henry Morgan D
Missouri-12
James Ronald Chalmers I
Mississippi-2
Elza Jeffords R
Mississippi-3
Vannoy Hartrog Manning D
Mississippi-AL
Henry Lowndes Muldrow D
Mississippi-1
Ethelbert Barksdale D
Mississippi-7
Otho Robards Singleton D
Mississippi-5
Henry Smith Van Eaton D
Mississippi-6
Hernando De Soto Money D
Mississippi-4
Martin Maginnis D
Montana-AL
Clement Dowd D
North Carolina-6
Walter Freshwater Pool R
North Carolina-1
Alfred Moore Scales D
North Carolina-5
Robert Brank Vance D
North Carolina-8
Tyre York ID
North Carolina-7
Risden Tyler Bennett D
North Carolina-AL
William Ruffin Cox D
North Carolina-4
Wharton Jackson Green D
North Carolina-3
James Edward O’Hara R
North Carolina-2
Edward Kimble Valentine R
Nebraska-3
Archibald Jerard Weaver R
Nebraska-1
James Laird R
Nebraska-2
Ossian Ray R
New Hampshire-2
Martin Alonzo Haynes R
New Hampshire-1
John Hart Brewer R
New Jersey-2
Thomas Merrill Ferrell D
New Jersey-1
William Henry Frederick Fiedler D
New Jersey-6
Benjamin Franklin Howey R
New Jersey-4
William Walter Phelps R
New Jersey-5
William McAdoo D
New Jersey-7
John Kean R
New Jersey-3
Tranquilino Luna R
New Mexico-AL
George Williams Cassidy D
Nevada-AL
John Holroyd Bagley Jr. D
New York-15
Francis Beattie Brewer R
New York-33
William Dorsheimer D
New York-7
John Hardy D
New York-9
Waldo Hutchins D
New York-12
Orlando Brunson Potter D
New York-11
William Erigena Robinson D
New York-2
William Findlay Rogers D
New York-32
Charles Rufus Skinner R
New York-22
Henry Warner Slocum D
New York-AL
Robert Smith Stevens D
New York-31
Thomas Jefferson Van Alstyne D
New York-16
Edward Wemple D
New York-20
John Joseph Adams D
New York-8
John Arnot Jr. D
New York-29
Lewis Beach D
New York-14
Henry Gordon Burleigh R
New York-17
Abram Stevens Hewitt D
New York-10
Darwin Rush James R
New York-3
Frederick Avery Johnson R
New York-18
Stephen Columbus Millard R
New York-28
John Thomas Spriggs D
New York-23
Perry Belmont D
New York-1
Frank Hiscock R
New York-25
Abraham X. Parker R
New York-19
Felix Campbell D
New York-4
Samuel Sullivan Cox D
New York-6
Newton Wright Nutting R
New York-24
Halbert Stevens Greenleaf D
New York-30
Nicholas Muller D
New York-5
George Washington Ray R
New York-21
John Henry Ketcham R
New York-13
James Wolcott Wadsworth R
New York-27
Sereno Elisha Payne R
New York-26
George Leroy Converse D
Ohio-13
John Fassett Follett D
Ohio-1
Alphonso Hart R
Ohio-12
Frank Hunt Hurd D
Ohio-10
Isaac M. Jordan D
Ohio-2
John Watts McCormick R
Ohio-11
Robert Maynard Murray D
Ohio-3
David Raymond Paige D
Ohio-20
James Sidney Robinson R
Ohio-9
Jonathan Hasson Wallace D
Ohio-18
George Washington Geddes D
Ohio-14
William David Hill D
Ohio-6
Benjamin Le Fevre D
Ohio-4
Adoniram Judson Warner D
Ohio-15
James Edwin Campbell D
Ohio-7
Martin Ambrose Foran D
Ohio-21
Beriah Wilkins D
Ohio-16
George Ebbert Seney D
Ohio-5
Ezra Booth Taylor R
Ohio-19
Joseph Danner Taylor R
Ohio-17
Joseph Warren Keifer R
Ohio-8
Melvin Clark George R
Oregon-1
Samuel Fleming Barr R
Pennsylvania-14
Samuel Myron Brainerd R
Pennsylvania-27
Daniel Ward Connolly D
Pennsylvania-12
William Addison Duncan D
Pennsylvania-19
Mortimer Fitzland Elliott D
Pennsylvania-AL
James Herron Hopkins D
Pennsylvania-22
George Van Eman Lawrence R
Pennsylvania-24
John Denniston Patton D
Pennsylvania-25
George Adams Post D
Pennsylvania-15
Abraham Herr Smith R
Pennsylvania-9
Charles Edmund Boyle D
Pennsylvania-21
William Wallace Brown R
Pennsylvania-16
Jacob Miller Campbell R
Pennsylvania-17
Andrew Gregg Curtin D
Pennsylvania-20
Isaac Newton Evans R
Pennsylvania-7
James Bowen Everhart R
Pennsylvania-6
John Brutzman Storm D
Pennsylvania-11
Thomas McKee Bayne R
Pennsylvania-23
William Darrah Kelley R
Pennsylvania-4
Samuel Jackson Randall D
Pennsylvania-3
Louis Evans Atkinson R
Pennsylvania-18
William Mutchler D
Pennsylvania-10
Charles O’Neill R
Pennsylvania-2
Daniel Ermentrout D
Pennsylvania-8
Alfred Crout Harmer R
Pennsylvania-5
Charles Napoleon Brumm NG
Pennsylvania-13
Henry Harrison Bingham R
Pennsylvania-1
Samuel Henry Miller R
Pennsylvania-26
Jonathan Chace R
Rhode Island-2
Henry Joshua Spooner R
Rhode Island-1
John Bratton D
South Carolina-4
Edmund William McGregor Mackey R
South Carolina-7
David Wyatt Aiken D
South Carolina-3
George William Dargan D
South Carolina-6
Samuel Dibble D
South Carolina-1
John James Hemphill D
South Carolina-5
George Dionysius Tillman D
South Carolina-2
George Gibbs Dibrell D
Tennessee-3
Richard Warner D
Tennessee-5
Hiram Casey Young D
Tennessee-10
John Goff Ballentine D
Tennessee-7
Andrew Jackson Caldwell D
Tennessee-6
Augustus Herman Pettibone R
Tennessee-1
John May Taylor D
Tennessee-8
Leonidas Campbell Houk R
Tennessee-2
Benton McMillin D
Tennessee-4
Rice Alexander Pierce D
Tennessee-9
John Hancock D
Texas-10
Thomas Peck Ochiltree I
Texas-7
James Henry Jones D
Texas-3
James Francis Miller D
Texas-8
James Webb Throckmorton D
Texas-5
Olin Wellborn D
Texas-6
John Henninger Reagan D
Texas-2
Charles Stewart D
Texas-1
Roger Quarles Mills D
Texas-9
David Browning Culberson D
Texas-4
Samuel Willis Tucker Lanham D
Texas-11
John Thomas Caine D
Utah-AL
George Tankard Garrison D
Virginia-1
Benjamin Stephen Hooper R
Virginia-4
John Paul R
Virginia-7
John Sergeant Wise R
Virginia-AL
George Craighead Cabell D
Virginia-5
Harry Libbey R
Virginia-2
John Randolph Tucker D
Virginia-6
Henry Bowen R
Virginia-9
John Strode Barbour Jr. D
Virginia-8
George Douglas Wise D
Virginia-3
Luke Potter Poland R
Vermont-2
John Wolcott Stewart R
Vermont-1
Thomas Hurley Brents R
Washington-AL
Peter Victor Deuster D
Wisconsin-4
Burr W. Jones D
Wisconsin-3
Daniel Hadley Sumner D
Wisconsin-2
John Winans D
Wisconsin-1
Gilbert Motier Woodward D
Wisconsin-7
William Thompson Price R
Wisconsin-8
Joseph Rankin D
Wisconsin-5
Richard William Guenther R
Wisconsin-6
Isaac Stephenson R
Wisconsin-9
Eustace Gibson D
West Virginia-4
Charles Philip Snyder D
West Virginia-3
William Lyne Wilson D
West Virginia-2
Nathan Goff R
West Virginia-1
Morton Everel Post D
Wyoming-AL
Nelson Wilmarth Aldrich R
Rhode Island-1
legislative/lawsLaws enacted
+7Congress.gov ↗
Complete lists of public laws start with the 93rd Congress (Jan 3, 1973). Earlier years show notable and landmark acts only.
7 laws recorded · 2 landmark · 5 notable
Chinese Exclusion Act landmark
Ch. 126, Sess. 1, 47th Cong. · May 6, 1882
Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act landmark
Ch. 27, Sess. 2, 47th Cong. · Jan 16, 1883
Apportionment of the Tenth Census
Ch. 20, Sess. 1, 47th Cong. · Feb 25, 1882
River and Harbors Act of 1882
Aug 2, 1882
Rivers and Harbors Act
Aug 2, 1882
Passenger Act of 1882
22 Stat. 186 · Aug 2, 1882
Tariff of 1883 (Mongrel Tariff)
Ch. 121, Sess. 2, 47th Cong. · Mar 3, 1883

Judicial3 files+988−1

judicial/supreme-courtThe Supreme Court
+2−1Federal Judicial Center ↗
Bench by appointing party: 8 R → 9 R · every justice ↗
Ward Hunt R
appointed by Ulysses Grant · 1872
Horace Gray R
appointed by Chester A. Arthur · 1881
Samuel M. Blatchford R
appointed by Chester A. Arthur · 1882
7 justices served on both dates
Samuel Freeman Miller R
appointed by Abraham Lincoln · 1862
Stephen Johnson Field R
appointed by Abraham Lincoln · 1863
Joseph P. Bradley R
appointed by Ulysses Grant · 1870
Morrison Remick Waite R
appointed by Ulysses Grant · 1874
John Marshall Harlan R
appointed by Rutherford B. Hayes · 1877
William Burnham Woods R
appointed by Rutherford B. Hayes · 1880
Stanley Matthews R
appointed by James A. Garfield · 1881
judicial/lower-courtsAppeals & district courts
+26Federal Judicial Center ↗
Courts of appeals (active judges): →
District courts (active judges): 47 R · 13 D · 4 N( → 53 R · 9 D · 4 N(
James A. Garfield R appointed 1 judge
1 district
Chester A. Arthur R appointed 24 judges
2 Supreme Court · 14 district · 8 other
None (reassignment) N( appointed 1 judge
1 district
D and R describe the party of the appointing president, not the judge. Active service ends when a judge takes senior status.
judicial/rulingsSupreme Court decisions
+960Supreme Court Database ↗
960 argued decisions · 2 landmark
United States v. Harris
106 U.S. 629 · Jan 22, 1883 · Decided 8–1 · Civil Rights · Declared federal law unconstitutional
Civil Rights Cases
109 U.S. 3 · Oct 15, 1883 · Decided 8–1 · Civil Rights · Declared federal law unconstitutional
Landmark means the Court overruled precedent, struck down a federal law, or the case is on a curated landmark list.

Fiscal2 files±0

fiscal/budgetThe federal budget
OMB Historical Tables ↗
Fiscal year undefined → fiscal year undefined · inflation-adjusted with the GDP price index
fiscal/debtTotal public debt outstanding
−$238MTreasury Fiscal Data ↗
$2.1B
as of Jul 1, 1881
$1.8B
as of Jul 1, 1884

Constitution & Union1 file±0

constitution/amendmentsAmendments & statehood
±0National Archives ↗
15 → 15 amendments in force · 38 → 38 states
No amendments ratified and no states admitted. The last amendment was the 27th, in 1992.

Reverts1 file−3

revert/undoneWhat was undone
−3Federal Register · Congress.gov · SCDB ↗
0 executive orders revoked or superseded · 0 rules struck down by Congress · 3 Supreme Court precedents overruled
3 decisions that overruled precedent
United States v. Phelps
Mar 26, 1883 · 9-0 · Federal Taxation
Kountze v. Omaha Hotel Company
May 7, 1883 · 7-2 · Judicial Power
Morgan v. United States
Mar 2, 1885 · 9-0 · Private Action
Revocations are full revocations or supersessions recorded in the Federal Register (partial amendments aren't counted), and those records begin in 1994. Congressional Review Act disapprovals are identified by title. Laws repealed outright aren't tracked yet. Agencies abolished are in the Executive section.

Log1 file±0

logEverything in between
12 events
Chester Alan Arthur takes office · 1881-09-19Horace Gray — Associate Justice · 1881-12-20Apportionment of the Tenth Census · 1882-02-25Samuel M. Blatchford — Associate Justice · 1882-03-22Chinese Exclusion Act · 1882-05-06River and Harbors Act of 1882 · 1882-08-02Rivers and Harbors Act · 1882-08-02Passenger Act of 1882 · 1882-08-02Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act · 1883-01-16United States v. Harris · 1883-01-22Tariff of 1883 (Mongrel Tariff) · 1883-03-03Civil Rights Cases · 1883-10-151882188318841885
  1. presidentChester Alan Arthur takes office
  2. justiceHorace Gray — Associate Justice
  3. lawApportionment of the Tenth Census
  4. justiceSamuel M. Blatchford — Associate Justice
  5. lawChinese Exclusion Act
  6. lawRiver and Harbors Act of 1882
  7. lawRivers and Harbors Act
  8. lawPassenger Act of 1882
  9. lawPendleton Civil Service Reform Act
  10. rulingUnited States v. Harris
  11. lawTariff of 1883 (Mongrel Tariff)
  12. rulingCivil Rights Cases