How did the United States change between and ?

Pick two dates. See the laws, the executive orders, the courts, Congress, federal agencies, the Constitution and the budget, as a diff.

Trump II so farBiden termTrump I termObama termSince 9/11Since ReaganPostwar → now
civicdiff.com/1853-03-04...1857-03-03 · 4 years json
18 files changed, 566 insertions(+), 235 deletions(−)
Laws enacted
+4
major laws · full counts from 1973
Executive orders
—
records start in 1994
Final rules
—
records start in 1994
Supreme Court
1 of 9
seats changed hands
Agencies
+1 −0
departments & tracked agencies
Public debt
−$34M
$66M → $32M

The presidency passed from Millard Fillmore to Franklin Pierce. 29 senators and 200 representatives took seats that they did not hold before. 1 new justice joined the Supreme Court.

Executive5 files+9−8

executive/presidentThe presidency
+1−1National Archives ↗
Millard Fillmore W
13th president
Franklin Pierce D
14th president · took office Mar 4, 1853
executive/vice-presidentThe vice presidency
±0Senate Historical Office ↗
vacant
in office on both dates
executive/cabinetCabinet & senior officials
+7−7Wikidata ↗
Secretary of State
Edward Everett R
William L. Marcy D
Secretary of the Treasury
Thomas Corwin R
James Guthrie D
Secretary of War
Charles Magill Conrad W
Jefferson Davis D
Attorney General
John J. Crittenden W
Caleb Cushing W
Postmaster General
James Campbell D
Secretary of the Navy
James C. Dobbin D
vacant on Mar 3, 1857
next: Isaac Toucey D · Mar 7, 1857
Show 1 more cabinet offices
Secretary of the Interior
Alexander Hugh Holmes Stuart W
Robert McClelland D
Other senior officials (2 changed)
Postmaster General
James Campbell D
Secretary of the Navy
James C. Dobbin D
vacant on Mar 3, 1857
next: Isaac Toucey D · Mar 7, 1857
executive/ordersExecutive orders
no dataFederal Register API ↗
Federal Register records of executive orders begin in 1994.
executive/agenciesFederal agencies
+1Wikidata ↗
26 → 27 tracked organizations · 6 → 6 executive departments
White House Office
established Jan 1, 1857 · entity within the Executive Office of the President of the United States (EOP)
Agency start and end dates come from Wikidata, which covers smaller bureaus unevenly.

Military1 file±0

military/conflictsArmed conflicts
±0UCDP/PRIO Armed Conflict Dataset ↗
U.S. in 0 armed conflicts → 0
The U.S. was not a party to any armed conflict in this window (conflict records start in 1946).
An armed conflict here means at least 25 battle deaths in a year, with U.S. forces as a party or fighting for a government (UCDP's definition). Air strikes, raids, and advisory missions below that threshold aren't included. UN peacekeeping missions are excluded.

Legislative4 files+233−227

legislative/controlControl of Congress
1 changeHouse History / Senate Historical Office ↗
Top: House · Bottom: Senate DemocraticRepublicanOther
32nd Congress → 34th Congress · 2 new Congresses elected
1 change of chamber control along the way
House: Democrat majority
130 D · 88 W
House: null majority
98 IRD · 88 D
Senate: Democrat majority on both dates
36 D · 16 W → 37 D · 10 R
legislative/senateSenate
+29−31congress-legislators ↗
Mar 4, 1853 · 36 D · 16 W · 7 IRD · 2 FS
Jeremiah Clemens (Democrat, AL)William King Sebastian (Democrat, AR)Solon Borland (Democrat, AR)William McKendree Gwin (Democrat, CA)John B. Weller (Democrat, CA)Isaac Toucey (Democrat, CT)James Asheton Bayard Jr. (Democrat, DE)Stephen Russell Mallory (Democrat, FL)Robert Milledge Charlton (Democrat, GA)George Wallace Jones (Democrat, IA)Augustus Caesar Dodge (Democrat, IA)Stephen Arnold Douglas (Democrat, IL)James Shields (Democrat, IL)Charles William Cathcart (Democrat, IN)Jesse David Bright (Democrat, IN)David Meriwether (Democrat, KY)Solomon Weathersbee Downs (Democrat, LA)Pierre Soulé (Democrat, LA)James Ware Bradbury (Democrat, ME)Hannibal Hamlin (Democrat, ME)Alpheus Felch (Democrat, MI)Lewis Cass (Democrat, MI)David Rice Atchison (Democrat, MO)Stephen Adams (Democrat, MS)Moses Norris Jr. (Democrat, NH)Robert Field Stockton (Democrat, NJ)Richard Brodhead (Democrat, PA)Charles Tillinghast James (Democrat, RI)Andrew Pickens Butler (Democrat, SC)William Ford De Saussure (Democrat, SC)Samuel Houston (Democrat, TX)Thomas Jefferson Rusk (Democrat, TX)Robert Mercer Taliaferro Hunter (Democrat, VA)James Murray Mason (Democrat, VA)Isaac Pigeon Walker (Democrat, WI)Henry Dodge (Democrat, WI)Charles Sumner (Ind. Republican-Democrat, MA)Thomas George Pratt (Ind. Republican-Democrat, MD)Henry Sheffie Geyer (Ind. Republican-Democrat, MO)John Parker Hale (Free Soil, NH)Hamilton Fish (Ind. Republican-Democrat, NY)Salmon Portland Chase (Free Soil, OH)Benjamin Franklin Wade (Ind. Republican-Democrat, OH)James Chamberlain Jones (Ind. Republican-Democrat, TN)Solomon Foot (Ind. Republican-Democrat, VT)Truman Smith (Whig, CT)Presley Spruance (Whig, DE)Jackson Morton (Whig, FL)William Crosby Dawson (Whig, GA)Joseph Rogers Underwood (Whig, KY)John Davis (Whig, MA)James Alfred Pearce (Whig, MD)Walker Brooke (Whig, MS)Willie Person Mangum (Whig, NC)George Edmund Badger (Whig, NC)Jacob Welsh Miller (Whig, NJ)William Henry Seward (Whig, NY)James Cooper (Whig, PA)John Hopkins Clarke (Whig, RI)John Bell (Whig, TN)William Upham (Whig, VT)
Mar 3, 1857 · 37 D · 10 R · 8 IRD · 4 A
Clement Claiborne Clay Jr. (Democrat, AL)Benjamin Fitzpatrick (Democrat, AL)William King Sebastian (Democrat, AR)Robert Ward Johnson (Democrat, AR)John B. Weller (Democrat, CA)Isaac Toucey (Democrat, CT)James Asheton Bayard Jr. (Democrat, DE)Stephen Russell Mallory (Democrat, FL)David Levy Yulee (Democrat, FL)Robert Augustus Toombs (Democrat, GA)Alfred Iverson Sr. (Democrat, GA)George Wallace Jones (Democrat, IA)Stephen Arnold Douglas (Democrat, IL)Jesse David Bright (Democrat, IN)Judah Philip Benjamin (Democrat, LA)John Slidell (Democrat, LA)James Alfred Pearce (Democrat, MD)Hannibal Hamlin (Democrat, ME)Lewis Cass (Democrat, MI)Charles Edward Stuart (Democrat, MI)Stephen Adams (Democrat, MS)Albert Gallatin Brown (Democrat, MS)David Settle Reid (Democrat, NC)Asa Biggs (Democrat, NC)John Renshaw Thomson (Democrat, NJ)William Wright (Democrat, NJ)George Ellis Pugh (Democrat, OH)Richard Brodhead (Democrat, PA)William Bigler (Democrat, PA)Charles Tillinghast James (Democrat, RI)Philip Allen (Democrat, RI)Josiah James Evans (Democrat, SC)Andrew Pickens Butler (Democrat, SC)Thomas Jefferson Rusk (Democrat, TX)James Murray Mason (Democrat, VA)Robert Mercer Taliaferro Hunter (Democrat, VA)Henry Dodge (Democrat, WI)Joseph Parsons Comegys (Ind. Republican-Democrat, DE)John Burton Thompson (American, KY)John Jordan Crittenden (American, KY)Charles Sumner (Ind. Republican-Democrat, MA)Thomas George Pratt (Ind. Republican-Democrat, MD)Henry Sheffie Geyer (Ind. Republican-Democrat, MO)Hamilton Fish (Ind. Republican-Democrat, NY)Benjamin Franklin Wade (Ind. Republican-Democrat, OH)James Chamberlain Jones (Ind. Republican-Democrat, TN)John Bell (American, TN)Samuel Houston (American, TX)Solomon Foot (Ind. Republican-Democrat, VT)Lafayette Sabine Foster (Republican, CT)James Harlan (Republican, IA)Lyman Trumbull (Republican, IL)Henry Wilson (Republican, MA)William Pitt Fessenden (Republican, ME)James Bell (Republican, NH)John Parker Hale (Republican, NH)William Henry Seward (Republican, NY)Jacob Collamer (Republican, VT)Charles Durkee (Republican, WI)
29 new members · 31 departed · 30 served on both dates · women 0 → 0 · median age 50 → 51
25 seats changed party
Presley Spruance W
Delaware seat
Joseph Parsons Comegys IRD
Delaware seat
John Hopkins Clarke W
Rhode Island seat
Philip Allen D
Rhode Island seat
John Bell W
Tennessee seat
John Bell A
Tennessee seat
Samuel Houston D
Texas seat
Samuel Houston A
Texas seat
Show 21 more seat flips
Joseph Rogers Underwood W
Kentucky seat
John Burton Thompson A
Kentucky seat
Jacob Welsh Miller W
New Jersey seat
William Wright D
New Jersey seat
Willie Person Mangum W
North Carolina seat
David Settle Reid D
North Carolina seat
Walker Brooke W
Mississippi seat
Albert Gallatin Brown D
Mississippi seat
James Ware Bradbury D
Maine seat
William Pitt Fessenden R
Maine seat
Moses Norris Jr. D
New Hampshire seat
James Bell R
New Hampshire seat
George Edmund Badger W
North Carolina seat
Asa Biggs D
North Carolina seat
John Parker Hale FS
New Hampshire seat
John Parker Hale R
New Hampshire seat
John Davis W
Massachusetts seat
Henry Wilson R
Massachusetts seat
Isaac Pigeon Walker D
Wisconsin seat
Charles Durkee R
Wisconsin seat
William Crosby Dawson W
Georgia seat
Alfred Iverson Sr. D
Georgia seat
Salmon Portland Chase FS
Ohio seat
George Ellis Pugh D
Ohio seat
William Henry Seward W
New York seat
William Henry Seward R
New York seat
Jackson Morton W
Florida seat
David Levy Yulee D
Florida seat
William Upham W
Vermont seat
Jacob Collamer R
Vermont seat
David Meriwether D
Kentucky seat
John Jordan Crittenden A
Kentucky seat
Truman Smith W
Connecticut seat
Lafayette Sabine Foster R
Connecticut seat
James Alfred Pearce W
Maryland seat
James Alfred Pearce D
Maryland seat
Augustus Caesar Dodge D
Iowa seat
James Harlan R
Iowa seat
James Shields D
Illinois seat
Lyman Trumbull R
Illinois seat
James Cooper W
Pennsylvania seat
William Bigler D
Pennsylvania seat
Who joined and who left (29 in · 31 out)
Clement Claiborne Clay Jr. D
Alabama
Benjamin Fitzpatrick D
Alabama
Robert Ward Johnson D
Arkansas
Lafayette Sabine Foster R
Connecticut
Joseph Parsons Comegys IRD
Delaware
David Levy Yulee D
Florida
Robert Augustus Toombs D
Georgia
Alfred Iverson Sr. D
Georgia
James Harlan R
Iowa
Lyman Trumbull R
Illinois
John Burton Thompson A
Kentucky
John Jordan Crittenden A
Kentucky
Judah Philip Benjamin D
Louisiana
John Slidell D
Louisiana
Henry Wilson R
Massachusetts
William Pitt Fessenden R
Maine
Charles Edward Stuart D
Michigan
Albert Gallatin Brown D
Mississippi
David Settle Reid D
North Carolina
Asa Biggs D
North Carolina
James Bell R
New Hampshire
John Renshaw Thomson D
New Jersey
William Wright D
New Jersey
George Ellis Pugh D
Ohio
William Bigler D
Pennsylvania
Philip Allen D
Rhode Island
Josiah James Evans D
South Carolina
Jacob Collamer R
Vermont
Charles Durkee R
Wisconsin
Jeremiah Clemens D
Alabama
Solon Borland D
Arkansas
William McKendree Gwin D
California
Truman Smith W
Connecticut
Presley Spruance W
Delaware
Jackson Morton W
Florida
Robert Milledge Charlton D
Georgia
William Crosby Dawson W
Georgia
Augustus Caesar Dodge D
Iowa
James Shields D
Illinois
Charles William Cathcart D
Indiana
Joseph Rogers Underwood W
Kentucky
David Meriwether D
Kentucky
Solomon Weathersbee Downs D
Louisiana
Pierre Soulé D
Louisiana
John Davis W
Massachusetts
James Ware Bradbury D
Maine
Alpheus Felch D
Michigan
David Rice Atchison D
Missouri
Walker Brooke W
Mississippi
Willie Person Mangum W
North Carolina
George Edmund Badger W
North Carolina
Moses Norris Jr. D
New Hampshire
Jacob Welsh Miller W
New Jersey
Robert Field Stockton D
New Jersey
Salmon Portland Chase FS
Ohio
James Cooper W
Pennsylvania
John Hopkins Clarke W
Rhode Island
William Ford De Saussure D
South Carolina
William Upham W
Vermont
Isaac Pigeon Walker D
Wisconsin
legislative/houseHouse
+200−196congress-legislators ↗
Mar 4, 1853 · 130 D · 88 W · 6 U · 4 FS · 3 ID · 3 SR · 1 IW · 1 U
John Bragg (Democrat, AL-1)Sampson Willis Harris (Democrat, AL-3)William Russell Smith (Democrat, AL-4)Williamson Robert Winfield Cobb (Democrat, AL-6)George Smith Houston (Democrat, AL-5)Robert Ward Johnson (Democrat, AR-1)Edward Colston Marshall (Democrat, CA-AL)Chauncey Fitch Cleveland (Democrat, CT-3)Colin Macrae Ingersoll (Democrat, CT-2)Origen Storrs Seymour (Democrat, CT-4)George Read Riddle (Democrat, DE-AL)Elijah Webb Chastain (Democrat, GA-5)Junius Hillyer (Democrat, GA-6)Lincoln Clark (Democrat, IA-2)Bernhart Henn (Democrat, IA-1)Thompson Campbell (Democrat, IL-6)Orlando Bell Ficklin (Democrat, IL-3)Richard Sheppard Molony (Democrat, IL-4)Willis Allen (Democrat, IL-2)William Harrison Bissell (Democrat, IL-1)William Alexander Richardson (Democrat, IL-5)Willis Arnold Gorman (Democrat, IN-6)John Larne Robinson (Democrat, IN-3)Cyrus Livingston Dunham (Democrat, IN-2)Daniel Mace (Democrat, IN-8)Graham Newell Fitch (Democrat, IN-9)James Lockhart (Democrat, IN-1)John Givan Davis (Democrat, IN-7)Thomas Andrews Hendricks (Democrat, IN-5)James W. Stone (Democrat, KY-5)Linn Boyd (Democrat, KY-1)Richard Henry Stanton (Democrat, KY-10)John Calvin Mason (Democrat, KY-9)John Cabell Breckinridge (Democrat, KY-8)Alexander Gordon Penn (Democrat, LA-3)Louis St. Martin (Democrat, LA-1)Edward Hammond (Democrat, MD-3)William Thomas Hamilton (Democrat, MD-2)Charles Andrews (Democrat, ME-4)John Appleton (Democrat, ME-2)Ephraim Knight Smart (Democrat, ME-5)Moses Macdonald (Democrat, ME-1)Thomas James Duncan Fuller (Democrat, ME-7)Charles Edward Stuart (Democrat, MI-2)Willard Preble Hall (Democrat, MO-4)John Smith Phelps (Democrat, MO-5)John Reeves Jones Daniel (Democrat, NC-6)Abraham Watkins Venable (Democrat, NC-5)William Shepperd Ashe (Democrat, NC-7)Charles Hazen Peaslee (Democrat, NH-2)Harry Hibbard (Democrat, NH-4)Rodman McCamley Price (Democrat, NJ-5)Isaac Wildrick (Democrat, NJ-3)Charles Skelton (Democrat, NJ-2)Nathan Taylor Stratton (Democrat, NJ-1)Richard Hanson Weightman (Democrat, NM-AL)Leander Babcock (Democrat, NY-23)Alexander Hamilton Buell (Democrat, NY-17)John Gelston Floyd (Democrat, NY-1)Emanuel Bernard Hart (Democrat, NY-3)Thomas Y. Howe Jr. (Democrat, NY-25)Willard Ives (Democrat, NY-19)Timothy Jenkins (Democrat, NY-20)Reuben Robie (Democrat, NY-30)Joseph Russell (Democrat, NY-15)David Lowrey Seymour (Democrat, NY-12)William W. Snow (Democrat, NY-21)Abraham P. Stephens (Democrat, NY-7)Josiah Sutherland (Democrat, NY-11)Gilbert Dean (Democrat, NY-8)Daniel Terryll Jones (Democrat, NY-24)William Murray (Democrat, NY-9)Preston King (Democrat, NY-18)George Henry Busby (Democrat, OH-11)Joseph Cable (Democrat, OH-17)David Kellogg Cartter (Democrat, OH-18)James Madison Gaylord (Democrat, OH-13)Charles Sweetser (Democrat, OH-10)Norton Strange Townshend (Democrat, OH-21)David Tiernan Disney (Democrat, OH-1)Alfred Peck Edgerton (Democrat, OH-5)Frederick William Green (Democrat, OH-6)Edson Baldwin Olds (Democrat, OH-9)Joseph Lane (Democrat, OR-AL)Milo Melankthon Dimmick (Democrat, PA-10)Alfred Gilmore (Democrat, PA-24)James Xavier McLanahan (Democrat, PA-16)John Alexander Morrison (Democrat, PA-7)Andrew Parker (Democrat, PA-17)Thomas Ross (Democrat, PA-6)James Gamble (Democrat, PA-13)William Henry Kurtz (Democrat, PA-15)John McNair (Democrat, PA-5)Jehu Glancy Jones (Democrat, PA-9)Thomas Birch Florence (Democrat, PA-1)John Littleton Dawson (Democrat, PA-18)Carlton Brandaga Curtis (Democrat, PA-23)John Robbins (Democrat, PA-4)Galusha Aaron Grow (Democrat, PA-12)Benjamin Babock Thurston (Democrat, RI-2)Armistead Burt (Democrat, SC-5)William Ferguson Colcock (Democrat, SC-7)Daniel Wallace (Democrat, SC-1)Joseph Addison Woodward (Democrat, SC-3)William Aiken (Democrat, SC-6)James Lawrence Orr (Democrat, SC-2)John McQueen (Democrat, SC-4)William Montgomery Churchwell (Democrat, TN-3)Frederick Perry Stanton (Democrat, TN-10)George Washington Jones (Democrat, TN-5)John Houston Savage (Democrat, TN-4)Andrew Johnson (Democrat, TN-1)Isham Green Harris (Democrat, TN-9)Volney Erskine Howard (Democrat, TX-2)Richardson Scurry (Democrat, TX-1)Thomas Hamlet Averett (Democrat, VA-3)James Madison Hite Beale (Democrat, VA-14)Alexander Richmond Holladay (Democrat, VA-8)Richard Kidder Meade (Democrat, VA-2)George Western Thompson (Democrat, VA-15)Thomas Henry Bayly (Democrat, VA-7)Fayette McMullen (Democrat, VA-13)John Samuels Caskie (Democrat, VA-6)John Letcher (Democrat, VA-11)Paulus Powell (Democrat, VA-5)Thomas Stanley Bocock (Democrat, VA-4)Henry Alonzo Edmundson (Democrat, VA-12)John Singleton Millson (Democrat, VA-1)Thomas Bartlett Jr. (Democrat, VT-4)Ben C. Eastman (Democrat, WI-2)Joseph Webber Jackson (States Rights, GA-1)James Johnson (Unionist, GA-2)Charles Murphey (Unionist, GA-4)David Jackson Bailey (States Rights, GA-3)Alexander Hamilton Stephens (Unionist, GA-7)Charles Allen (Free Soil, MA-5)Horace Mann (Free Soil, MA-8)Joseph Stewart Cottman (Ind. Whig, MD-6)Henry Hastings Sibley (?, MN-AL)John D. Freeman (Unionist, MS-3)Benjamin Duke Nabers (Unionist, MS-1)John A. Wilcox (Unionist, MS-2)Albert Gallatin Brown (States Rights, MS-4)John Johnson (Ind. Democrat, OH-16)Joshua Reed Giddings (Free Soil, OH-20)William Hawkins Polk (Ind. Democrat, TN-6)James Duane Doty (Ind. Democrat, WI-3)Charles Durkee (Free Soil, WI-1)James Abercrombie (Whig, AL-2)Alexander White (Whig, AL-7)Charles Chapman (Whig, CT-1)Edward Carrington Cabell (Whig, FL-1)Robert Augustus Toombs (Whig, GA-8)Richard Yates (Whig, IL-7)Samuel Wilson Parker (Whig, IN-4)Samuel Brenton (Whig, IN-10)William Thomas Ward (Whig, KY-4)Addison White (Whig, KY-6)Presley Underwood Ewing (Whig, KY-3)Benjamin Edwards Grey (Whig, KY-2)William Preston (Whig, KY-7)Joseph Aristide Landry (Whig, LA-2)John Moore (Whig, LA-4)George Thomas Davis (Whig, MA-6)James Henry Duncan (Whig, MA-3)Orin Fowler (Whig, MA-9)Lorenzo Sabine (Whig, MA-4)John Zacheus Goodrich (Whig, MA-7)Zeno Scudder (Whig, MA-10)William Appleton (Whig, MA-1)Francis Ball Fay (Whig, MA-2)Richard Johns Bowie (Whig, MD-1)Alexander Evans (Whig, MD-5)Thomas Yates Walsh (Whig, MD-4)Robert Goodenow (Whig, ME-3)Israel Washburn Jr. (Whig, ME-6)James Lockwood Conger (Whig, MI-3)Ebenezer Jenckes Penniman (Whig, MI-1)John Fletcher Darby (Whig, MO-1)John Gaines Miller (Whig, MO-3)Gilchrist Porter (Whig, MO-2)Joseph Pearson Caldwell (Whig, NC-2)Alfred Dockery (Whig, NC-3)James Turner Morehead (Whig, NC-4)David Outlaw (Whig, NC-9)Edward Stanly (Whig, NC-8)Thomas Lanier Clingman (Whig, NC-1)Jared Perkins (Whig, NH-3)Amos Tuck (Whig, NH-1)George Houston Brown (Whig, NJ-4)Obadiah Bowne (Whig, NY-2)John Huggins Boyd (Whig, NY-14)Lorenzo Burrows (Whig, NY-34)Augustus Porter Hascall (Whig, NY-33)John Henry Hobart Haws (Whig, NY-4)Jerediah Horsford (Whig, NY-29)Frederick Stanley Martin (Whig, NY-31)William Augustus Sackett (Whig, NY-27)Abraham Maus Schermerhorn (Whig, NY-28)John Lawrence Schoolcraft (Whig, NY-13)Marius Schoonmaker (Whig, NY-10)Henry Sanford Walbridge (Whig, NY-26)John Wells (Whig, NY-16)Solomon George Haven (Whig, NY-32)Henry Bennett (Whig, NY-22)George Briggs (Whig, NY-5)James Brooks (Whig, NY-6)Nelson Barrere (Whig, OH-7)Hiram Bell (Whig, OH-3)Alexander Harper (Whig, OH-14)William Forrest Hunter (Whig, OH-15)Eben Newton (Whig, OH-19)John Welch (Whig, OH-12)John Lampkin Taylor (Whig, OH-8)Benjamin Stanton (Whig, OH-4)Lewis Davis Campbell (Whig, OH-2)Thomas Marshal Bibighaus (Whig, PA-14)John W. Howe (Whig, PA-22)Joseph Henry Kuhns (Whig, PA-19)Henry Dunning Moore (Whig, PA-3)Joseph Ripley Chandler (Whig, PA-2)Thomas Marshall Howe (Whig, PA-21)John Allison (Whig, PA-20)Henry Mills Fuller (Whig, PA-11)Thaddeus Stevens (Whig, PA-8)George Gordon King (Whig, RI-1)Meredith Poindexter Gentry (Whig, TN-7)Christopher Harris Williams (Whig, TN-11)William Cullom (Whig, TN-8)Albert Galiton Watkins (Whig, TN-2)John Milton Bernhisel (Whig, UT-AL)James French Strother (Whig, VA-9)Charles James Faulkner (Whig, VA-10)William Hebard (Whig, VT-2)Ahiman Louis Miner (Whig, VT-1)James Meacham (Whig, VT-3)
Mar 3, 1857 · 98 IRD · 88 D · 52 A · 1 R · 1 W
Sampson Willis Harris (Democrat, AL-7)James Ferguson Dowdell (Democrat, AL-3)Eli Sims Shorter (Democrat, AL-2)Williamson Robert Winfield Cobb (Democrat, AL-6)George Smith Houston (Democrat, AL-5)Alfred Burton Greenwood (Democrat, AR-1)Albert Rust (Democrat, AR-2)James William Denver (Democrat, CA-AL)Augustus Emmett Maxwell (Democrat, FL-1)Howell Cobb (Democrat, GA-6)John Henry Lumpkin (Democrat, GA-5)Hiram Warner (Democrat, GA-4)James Lindsay Seward (Democrat, GA-1)Martin Jenkins Crawford (Democrat, GA-2)Alexander Hamilton Stephens (Democrat, GA-8)Augustus Hall (Democrat, IA-1)Jacob Cunningham Davis (Democrat, IL-5)Thomas Langrell Harris (Democrat, IL-6)James Lowery Donaldson Morrison (Democrat, IL-8)James Cameron Allen (Democrat, IL-7)Samuel Scott Marshall (Democrat, IL-9)Smith Miller (Democrat, IN-1)William Hayden English (Democrat, IN-2)John Wilkins Whitfield (Democrat, KS-AL)John Milton Elliott (Democrat, KY-6)Joshua Husband Jewett (Democrat, KY-5)Albert Gallatin Talbott (Democrat, KY-4)Henry Cornelius Burnett (Democrat, KY-1)John Milton Sandidge (Democrat, LA-4)Thomas Green Davidson (Democrat, LA-3)Miles Taylor (Democrat, LA-2)Thomas Fielder Bowie (Democrat, MD-6)James Augustus Stewart (Democrat, MD-1)Thomas James Duncan Fuller (Democrat, ME-6)George Washington Peck (Democrat, MI-4)Henry Mower Rice (Democrat, MN-AL)John Smith Phelps (Democrat, MO-6)Hendley Stone Bennett (Democrat, MS-2)Daniel Boone Wright (Democrat, MS-1)John Anthony Quitman (Democrat, MS-5)William Barksdale (Democrat, MS-3)Thomas Lanier Clingman (Democrat, NC-8)Lawrence O’Bryan Branch (Democrat, NC-4)Francis Burton Craige (Democrat, NC-7)Thomas Ruffin (Democrat, NC-2)Warren Winslow (Democrat, NC-3)Bird Beers Chapman (Democrat, NE-AL)George Vail (Democrat, NJ-4)Miguel Antonio Otero (Democrat, NM-AL)Andrew Oliver (Democrat, NY-26)John Wheeler (Democrat, NY-6)John Williams (Democrat, NY-29)John Kelly (Democrat, NY-4)Francis Elias Spinner (Democrat, NY-17)Joseph Lane (Democrat, OR-AL)David Barclay (Democrat, PA-24)John Cadwalader (Democrat, PA-5)Asa Packer (Democrat, PA-13)Jehu Glancy Jones (Democrat, PA-8)Thomas Birch Florence (Democrat, PA-1)John Hickman (Democrat, PA-6)Galusha Aaron Grow (Democrat, PA-14)William Aiken (Democrat, SC-2)Preston Smith Brooks (Democrat, SC-4)James Lawrence Orr (Democrat, SC-5)William Waters Boyce (Democrat, SC-6)Laurence Massillon Keitt (Democrat, SC-3)John McQueen (Democrat, SC-1)George Washington Jones (Democrat, TN-6)John Houston Savage (Democrat, TN-4)Samuel Axley Smith (Democrat, TN-3)Albert Galiton Watkins (Democrat, TN-1)John Vines Wright (Democrat, TN-7)Peter Hansbrough Bell (Democrat, TX-2)Thomas Henry Bayly (Democrat, VA-1)Zedekiah Kidwell (Democrat, VA-10)Fayette McMullen (Democrat, VA-13)John Samuels Caskie (Democrat, VA-3)John Letcher (Democrat, VA-9)Paulus Powell (Democrat, VA-6)Thomas Stanley Bocock (Democrat, VA-5)Henry Alonzo Edmundson (Democrat, VA-12)William Osborne Goode (Democrat, VA-4)John Singleton Millson (Democrat, VA-2)William Smith (Democrat, VA-7)Charles James Faulkner (Democrat, VA-8)James Patton Anderson (Democrat, WA-AL)Daniel Wells Jr. (Democrat, WI-1)William Russell Smith (American, AL-4)Percy Walker (American, AL-1)William Wickham Welch (American, CT-4)Ezra Clark Jr. (American, CT-1)Sidney Dean (American, CT-3)John Woodruff (American, CT-2)Elisha Dickerson Cullen (American, DE-AL)Nathaniel Greene Foster (American, GA-7)Robert Pleasant Trippe (American, GA-3)James Thorington (Ind. Republican-Democrat, IA-2)James Knox (Ind. Republican-Democrat, IL-4)James Hutchinson Woodworth (Ind. Republican-Democrat, IL-2)Jesse Olds Norton (Ind. Republican-Democrat, IL-3)Elihu Benjamin Washburne (Ind. Republican-Democrat, IL-1)Lucien Barbour (Ind. Republican-Democrat, IN-6)William Cumback (Ind. Republican-Democrat, IN-4)George Grundy Dunn (Ind. Republican-Democrat, IN-3)David Pierson Holloway (Ind. Republican-Democrat, IN-5)Daniel Mace (Ind. Republican-Democrat, IN-8)Harvey David Scott (Ind. Republican-Democrat, IN-7)Samuel Brenton (Ind. Republican-Democrat, IN-10)John Upfold Pettit (Ind. Republican-Democrat, IN-11)Schuyler Colfax (Ind. Republican-Democrat, IN-9)John Pierce Campbell Jr. (American, KY-2)Leander Martin Cox (American, KY-9)Alexander Keith Marshall (American, KY-8)Samuel Franklin Swope (American, KY-10)Humphrey Marshall (American, KY-7)Warner Lewis Underwood (American, KY-3)George Eustis Jr. (American, LA-1)Alexander De Witt (American, MA-9)Mark Trafton (American, MA-11)Calvin Clifford Chaffee (American, MA-10)Linus Bacon Comins (American, MA-4)William Shapleigh Damrell (American, MA-3)Timothy Davis (American, MA-6)Robert Bernard Hall (American, MA-1)Chauncey Langdon Knapp (American, MA-8)Anson Burlingame (American, MA-5)James Buffinton (American, MA-2)Nathaniel Prentice Banks (American, MA-7)Henry William Hoffman (American, MD-5)James Barroll Ricaud (American, MD-2)James Morrison Harris (American, MD-3)Henry Winter Davis (American, MD-4)Samuel Page Benson (Ind. Republican-Democrat, ME-4)Ebenezer Knowlton (Ind. Republican-Democrat, ME-3)John M. Wood (Ind. Republican-Democrat, ME-1)John Jasiel Perry (Ind. Republican-Democrat, ME-2)Israel Washburn Jr. (Ind. Republican-Democrat, ME-5)David Safford Walbridge (Ind. Republican-Democrat, MI-3)William Alanson Howard (Ind. Republican-Democrat, MI-1)Henry Waldron (Ind. Republican-Democrat, MI-2)Thomas Peter Akers (American, MO-5)Luther Martin Kennett (Ind. Republican-Democrat, MO-1)James Johnson Lindley (Ind. Republican-Democrat, MO-3)Mordecai Oliver (Ind. Republican-Democrat, MO-4)Gilchrist Porter (Ind. Republican-Democrat, MO-2)Samuel Caruthers (Ind. Republican-Democrat, MO-7)William Augustus Lake (American, MS-4)Robert Treat Paine (American, NC-1)Richard Clauselle Puryear (American, NC-6)Edwin Godwin Reade (American, NC-5)James Pike (American, NH-1)Mason Weare Tappan (American, NH-2)Aaron Harrison Cragin (American, NH-3)James Bishop (Ind. Republican-Democrat, NJ-3)Alexander Cumming McWhorter Pennington (Ind. Republican-Democrat, NJ-5)Isaiah Dunn Clawson (Ind. Republican-Democrat, NJ-1)George Robbins Robbins (Ind. Republican-Democrat, NJ-2)Thomas Child Jr. (Ind. Republican-Democrat, NY-7)Bayard Clarke (Ind. Republican-Democrat, NY-9)Samuel Dickson (Ind. Republican-Democrat, NY-14)Francis Smith Edwards (American, NY-33)Thomas Thorn Flagler (Ind. Republican-Democrat, NY-31)William Augustus Gilbert (Ind. Republican-Democrat, NY-23)Solomon George Haven (Ind. Republican-Democrat, NY-32)Thomas Raymond Horton (Ind. Republican-Democrat, NY-18)Jonas Abbott Hughston (Ind. Republican-Democrat, NY-19)Rufus H. King (Ind. Republican-Democrat, NY-11)Andrew Zimmerman McCarty (Ind. Republican-Democrat, NY-22)Killian Miller (Ind. Republican-Democrat, NY-12)Guy Ray Pelton (Ind. Republican-Democrat, NY-3)Benjamin Pringle (Ind. Republican-Democrat, NY-30)Russell Sage (Ind. Republican-Democrat, NY-13)George Abel Simmons (Ind. Republican-Democrat, NY-16)James Samuel Thomas Stranahan (Ind. Republican-Democrat, NY-2)William Weightman Valk (American, NY-1)Abram Wakeman (Ind. Republican-Democrat, NY-8)Thomas Richard Whitney (American, NY-5)Henry Bennett (Ind. Republican-Democrat, NY-21)Edward Dodd (Ind. Republican-Democrat, NY-15)Amos Phelps Granger (Ind. Republican-Democrat, NY-24)Orsamus Benajah Matteson (Ind. Republican-Democrat, NY-20)Edwin Barber Morgan (Ind. Republican-Democrat, NY-25)Ambrose Spencer Murray (Ind. Republican-Democrat, NY-10)John Mason Parker (Ind. Republican-Democrat, NY-27)William Henry Kelsey (Ind. Republican-Democrat, NY-28)Charles Jefferson Albright (Ind. Republican-Democrat, OH-17)Edward Ball (Ind. Republican-Democrat, OH-16)Timothy Crane Day (Ind. Republican-Democrat, OH-1)Jonas Reece Emrie (Ind. Republican-Democrat, OH-6)Samuel Galloway (Ind. Republican-Democrat, OH-12)John Scott Harrison (Ind. Republican-Democrat, OH-2)Oscar Fitzallen Moore (Ind. Republican-Democrat, OH-10)William Robinson Sapp (Ind. Republican-Democrat, OH-15)Cooper Kinderdine Watson (Ind. Republican-Democrat, OH-9)Philemon Bliss (Ind. Republican-Democrat, OH-14)Joshua Reed Giddings (Ind. Republican-Democrat, OH-20)Aaron Harlan (Ind. Republican-Democrat, OH-7)Benjamin Franklin Leiter (Ind. Republican-Democrat, OH-18)Richard Mott (Ind. Republican-Democrat, OH-5)Matthias H. Nichols (Ind. Republican-Democrat, OH-4)Benjamin Stanton (Ind. Republican-Democrat, OH-8)Edward Wade (Ind. Republican-Democrat, OH-19)Valentine Baxter Horton (Ind. Republican-Democrat, OH-11)John Armor Bingham (Ind. Republican-Democrat, OH-21)Lewis Davis Campbell (Ind. Republican-Democrat, OH-3)John Sherman (Ind. Republican-Democrat, OH-13)John Allison (Ind. Republican-Democrat, PA-23)Samuel Carey Bradshaw (Ind. Republican-Democrat, PA-7)Jacob Broom (American, PA-4)Henry Mills Fuller (Ind. Republican-Democrat, PA-12)Jonathan Knight (Ind. Republican-Democrat, PA-20)John Jamison Pearce (Ind. Republican-Democrat, PA-15)David Fullerton Robison (Ind. Republican-Democrat, PA-17)Job Roberts Tyson (Ind. Republican-Democrat, PA-2)John Rufus Edie (Ind. Republican-Democrat, PA-18)John Christian Kunkel (Ind. Republican-Democrat, PA-10)Samuel Anderson Purviance (Ind. Republican-Democrat, PA-22)David Ritchie (Ind. Republican-Democrat, PA-21)Anthony Ellmaker Roberts (Ind. Republican-Democrat, PA-9)John Dick (Ind. Republican-Democrat, PA-25)William Millward (Ind. Republican-Democrat, PA-3)James Hepburn Campbell (Ind. Republican-Democrat, PA-11)John Covode (Ind. Republican-Democrat, PA-19)Lemuel Todd (Ind. Republican-Democrat, PA-16)Benjamin Babock Thurston (American, RI-2)Nathaniel Briggs Durfee (American, RI-1)Thomas Rivers (American, TN-10)William Henry Sneed (American, TN-2)Charles Ready (American, TN-5)Felix Kirk Zollicoffer (American, TN-8)Emerson Etheridge (American, TN-9)Lemuel Dale Evans (American, TX-1)John Snyder Carlile (American, VA-11)Alvah Sabin (Ind. Republican-Democrat, VT-3)Justin Smith Morrill (Ind. Republican-Democrat, VT-2)Charles Billinghurst (Ind. Republican-Democrat, WI-3)Cadwallader Colden Washburn (Ind. Republican-Democrat, WI-2)John Milton Bernhisel (Whig, UT-AL)George Tisdale Hodges (Republican, VT-1)
200 new members · 196 departed · 40 served on both dates · women 0 → 0 · median age 44 → 45
31 state delegations changed
Show delegation changes
Arkansas 1 D · 0 R
Arkansas 2 D · 0 R
Connecticut 3 D · 0 R · 1 other
Connecticut 0 D · 0 R · 4 other
Delaware 1 D · 0 R
Delaware 0 D · 0 R · 1 other
Florida 0 D · 0 R · 1 other
Florida 1 D · 0 R
Georgia 2 D · 0 R · 6 other
Georgia 6 D · 0 R · 2 other
Iowa 2 D · 0 R
Iowa 1 D · 0 R · 1 other
Illinois 6 D · 0 R · 1 other
Illinois 5 D · 0 R · 4 other
Indiana 8 D · 0 R · 2 other
Indiana 2 D · 0 R · 9 other
Kansas 0 D · 0 R
Kansas 1 D · 0 R
Kentucky 5 D · 0 R · 5 other
Kentucky 4 D · 0 R · 6 other
Louisiana 2 D · 0 R · 2 other
Louisiana 3 D · 0 R · 1 other
Massachusetts 0 D · 0 R · 10 other
Massachusetts 0 D · 0 R · 11 other
Maine 5 D · 0 R · 2 other
Maine 1 D · 0 R · 5 other
Michigan 1 D · 0 R · 2 other
Michigan 1 D · 0 R · 3 other
Minnesota 0 D · 0 R · 1 other
Minnesota 1 D · 0 R
Missouri 2 D · 0 R · 3 other
Missouri 1 D · 0 R · 6 other
Mississippi 0 D · 0 R · 4 other
Mississippi 4 D · 0 R · 1 other
North Carolina 3 D · 0 R · 6 other
North Carolina 5 D · 0 R · 3 other
Nebraska 0 D · 0 R
Nebraska 1 D · 0 R
New Hampshire 2 D · 0 R · 2 other
New Hampshire 0 D · 0 R · 3 other
New Jersey 4 D · 0 R · 1 other
New Jersey 1 D · 0 R · 4 other
New York 17 D · 0 R · 17 other
New York 5 D · 0 R · 28 other
Ohio 10 D · 0 R · 11 other
Ohio 0 D · 0 R · 21 other
Pennsylvania 15 D · 0 R · 9 other
Pennsylvania 7 D · 0 R · 18 other
Rhode Island 1 D · 0 R · 1 other
Rhode Island 0 D · 0 R · 2 other
South Carolina 7 D · 0 R
South Carolina 6 D · 0 R
Tennessee 6 D · 0 R · 5 other
Tennessee 5 D · 0 R · 5 other
Texas 2 D · 0 R
Texas 1 D · 0 R · 1 other
Virginia 13 D · 0 R · 2 other
Virginia 12 D · 0 R · 1 other
Vermont 1 D · 0 R · 3 other
Vermont 0 D · 1 R · 2 other
Washington 0 D · 0 R
Washington 1 D · 0 R
Who joined and who left (200 in · 196 out)
Percy Walker A
Alabama-1
James Ferguson Dowdell D
Alabama-3
Eli Sims Shorter D
Alabama-2
Alfred Burton Greenwood D
Arkansas-1
Albert Rust D
Arkansas-2
James William Denver D
California-AL
William Wickham Welch A
Connecticut-4
Ezra Clark Jr. A
Connecticut-1
Sidney Dean A
Connecticut-3
John Woodruff A
Connecticut-2
Elisha Dickerson Cullen A
Delaware-AL
Augustus Emmett Maxwell D
Florida-1
Howell Cobb D
Georgia-6
Nathaniel Greene Foster A
Georgia-7
John Henry Lumpkin D
Georgia-5
Hiram Warner D
Georgia-4
James Lindsay Seward D
Georgia-1
Robert Pleasant Trippe A
Georgia-3
Martin Jenkins Crawford D
Georgia-2
Augustus Hall D
Iowa-1
James Thorington IRD
Iowa-2
Jacob Cunningham Davis D
Illinois-5
James Knox IRD
Illinois-4
James Hutchinson Woodworth IRD
Illinois-2
Thomas Langrell Harris D
Illinois-6
James Lowery Donaldson Morrison D
Illinois-8
James Cameron Allen D
Illinois-7
Jesse Olds Norton IRD
Illinois-3
Elihu Benjamin Washburne IRD
Illinois-1
Samuel Scott Marshall D
Illinois-9
Lucien Barbour IRD
Indiana-6
William Cumback IRD
Indiana-4
George Grundy Dunn IRD
Indiana-3
David Pierson Holloway IRD
Indiana-5
Smith Miller D
Indiana-1
Harvey David Scott IRD
Indiana-7
William Hayden English D
Indiana-2
John Upfold Pettit IRD
Indiana-11
Schuyler Colfax IRD
Indiana-9
John Wilkins Whitfield D
Kansas-AL
John Pierce Campbell Jr. A
Kentucky-2
Leander Martin Cox A
Kentucky-9
Alexander Keith Marshall A
Kentucky-8
Samuel Franklin Swope A
Kentucky-10
John Milton Elliott D
Kentucky-6
Joshua Husband Jewett D
Kentucky-5
Humphrey Marshall A
Kentucky-7
Albert Gallatin Talbott D
Kentucky-4
Warner Lewis Underwood A
Kentucky-3
Henry Cornelius Burnett D
Kentucky-1
George Eustis Jr. A
Louisiana-1
John Milton Sandidge D
Louisiana-4
Thomas Green Davidson D
Louisiana-3
Miles Taylor D
Louisiana-2
Alexander De Witt A
Massachusetts-9
Mark Trafton A
Massachusetts-11
Calvin Clifford Chaffee A
Massachusetts-10
Linus Bacon Comins A
Massachusetts-4
William Shapleigh Damrell A
Massachusetts-3
Timothy Davis A
Massachusetts-6
Robert Bernard Hall A
Massachusetts-1
Chauncey Langdon Knapp A
Massachusetts-8
Anson Burlingame A
Massachusetts-5
James Buffinton A
Massachusetts-2
Nathaniel Prentice Banks A
Massachusetts-7
Henry William Hoffman A
Maryland-5
Thomas Fielder Bowie D
Maryland-6
James Barroll Ricaud A
Maryland-2
James Morrison Harris A
Maryland-3
James Augustus Stewart D
Maryland-1
Henry Winter Davis A
Maryland-4
Samuel Page Benson IRD
Maine-4
Ebenezer Knowlton IRD
Maine-3
John M. Wood IRD
Maine-1
John Jasiel Perry IRD
Maine-2
George Washington Peck D
Michigan-4
David Safford Walbridge IRD
Michigan-3
William Alanson Howard IRD
Michigan-1
Henry Waldron IRD
Michigan-2
Henry Mower Rice D
Minnesota-AL
Thomas Peter Akers A
Missouri-5
Luther Martin Kennett IRD
Missouri-1
James Johnson Lindley IRD
Missouri-3
Mordecai Oliver IRD
Missouri-4
Samuel Caruthers IRD
Missouri-7
Hendley Stone Bennett D
Mississippi-2
William Augustus Lake A
Mississippi-4
Daniel Boone Wright D
Mississippi-1
John Anthony Quitman D
Mississippi-5
William Barksdale D
Mississippi-3
Robert Treat Paine A
North Carolina-1
Richard Clauselle Puryear A
North Carolina-6
Edwin Godwin Reade A
North Carolina-5
Lawrence O’Bryan Branch D
North Carolina-4
Francis Burton Craige D
North Carolina-7
Thomas Ruffin D
North Carolina-2
Warren Winslow D
North Carolina-3
Bird Beers Chapman D
Nebraska-AL
James Pike A
New Hampshire-1
Mason Weare Tappan A
New Hampshire-2
Aaron Harrison Cragin A
New Hampshire-3
James Bishop IRD
New Jersey-3
Alexander Cumming McWhorter Pennington IRD
New Jersey-5
George Vail D
New Jersey-4
Isaiah Dunn Clawson IRD
New Jersey-1
George Robbins Robbins IRD
New Jersey-2
Miguel Antonio Otero D
New Mexico-AL
Thomas Child Jr. IRD
New York-7
Bayard Clarke IRD
New York-9
Samuel Dickson IRD
New York-14
Francis Smith Edwards A
New York-33
Thomas Thorn Flagler IRD
New York-31
William Augustus Gilbert IRD
New York-23
Thomas Raymond Horton IRD
New York-18
Jonas Abbott Hughston IRD
New York-19
Rufus H. King IRD
New York-11
Andrew Zimmerman McCarty IRD
New York-22
Killian Miller IRD
New York-12
Andrew Oliver D
New York-26
Guy Ray Pelton IRD
New York-3
Benjamin Pringle IRD
New York-30
Russell Sage IRD
New York-13
George Abel Simmons IRD
New York-16
James Samuel Thomas Stranahan IRD
New York-2
William Weightman Valk A
New York-1
Abram Wakeman IRD
New York-8
John Wheeler D
New York-6
Thomas Richard Whitney A
New York-5
John Williams D
New York-29
Edward Dodd IRD
New York-15
Amos Phelps Granger IRD
New York-24
John Kelly D
New York-4
Orsamus Benajah Matteson IRD
New York-20
Edwin Barber Morgan IRD
New York-25
Ambrose Spencer Murray IRD
New York-10
John Mason Parker IRD
New York-27
Francis Elias Spinner D
New York-17
William Henry Kelsey IRD
New York-28
Charles Jefferson Albright IRD
Ohio-17
Edward Ball IRD
Ohio-16
Timothy Crane Day IRD
Ohio-1
Jonas Reece Emrie IRD
Ohio-6
Samuel Galloway IRD
Ohio-12
John Scott Harrison IRD
Ohio-2
Oscar Fitzallen Moore IRD
Ohio-10
William Robinson Sapp IRD
Ohio-15
Cooper Kinderdine Watson IRD
Ohio-9
Philemon Bliss IRD
Ohio-14
Aaron Harlan IRD
Ohio-7
Benjamin Franklin Leiter IRD
Ohio-18
Richard Mott IRD
Ohio-5
Matthias H. Nichols IRD
Ohio-4
Edward Wade IRD
Ohio-19
Valentine Baxter Horton IRD
Ohio-11
John Armor Bingham IRD
Ohio-21
John Sherman IRD
Ohio-13
David Barclay D
Pennsylvania-24
Samuel Carey Bradshaw IRD
Pennsylvania-7
Jacob Broom A
Pennsylvania-4
John Cadwalader D
Pennsylvania-5
Jonathan Knight IRD
Pennsylvania-20
Asa Packer D
Pennsylvania-13
John Jamison Pearce IRD
Pennsylvania-15
David Fullerton Robison IRD
Pennsylvania-17
Job Roberts Tyson IRD
Pennsylvania-2
John Rufus Edie IRD
Pennsylvania-18
John Christian Kunkel IRD
Pennsylvania-10
Samuel Anderson Purviance IRD
Pennsylvania-22
David Ritchie IRD
Pennsylvania-21
Anthony Ellmaker Roberts IRD
Pennsylvania-9
John Dick IRD
Pennsylvania-25
William Millward IRD
Pennsylvania-3
James Hepburn Campbell IRD
Pennsylvania-11
John Hickman D
Pennsylvania-6
John Covode IRD
Pennsylvania-19
Lemuel Todd IRD
Pennsylvania-16
Nathaniel Briggs Durfee A
Rhode Island-1
Preston Smith Brooks D
South Carolina-4
William Waters Boyce D
South Carolina-6
Laurence Massillon Keitt D
South Carolina-3
Thomas Rivers A
Tennessee-10
William Henry Sneed A
Tennessee-2
Charles Ready A
Tennessee-5
Samuel Axley Smith D
Tennessee-3
Felix Kirk Zollicoffer A
Tennessee-8
Emerson Etheridge A
Tennessee-9
John Vines Wright D
Tennessee-7
Peter Hansbrough Bell D
Texas-2
Lemuel Dale Evans A
Texas-1
Zedekiah Kidwell D
Virginia-10
William Osborne Goode D
Virginia-4
William Smith D
Virginia-7
John Snyder Carlile A
Virginia-11
George Tisdale Hodges R
Vermont-1
Alvah Sabin IRD
Vermont-3
Justin Smith Morrill IRD
Vermont-2
James Patton Anderson D
Washington-AL
Daniel Wells Jr. D
Wisconsin-1
Charles Billinghurst IRD
Wisconsin-3
Cadwallader Colden Washburn IRD
Wisconsin-2
John Bragg D
Alabama-1
James Abercrombie W
Alabama-2
Alexander White W
Alabama-7
Robert Ward Johnson D
Arkansas-1
Edward Colston Marshall D
California-AL
Charles Chapman W
Connecticut-1
Chauncey Fitch Cleveland D
Connecticut-3
Colin Macrae Ingersoll D
Connecticut-2
Origen Storrs Seymour D
Connecticut-4
George Read Riddle D
Delaware-AL
Edward Carrington Cabell W
Florida-1
Joseph Webber Jackson SR
Georgia-1
James Johnson U
Georgia-2
Charles Murphey U
Georgia-4
David Jackson Bailey SR
Georgia-3
Elijah Webb Chastain D
Georgia-5
Junius Hillyer D
Georgia-6
Robert Augustus Toombs W
Georgia-8
Lincoln Clark D
Iowa-2
Bernhart Henn D
Iowa-1
Thompson Campbell D
Illinois-6
Orlando Bell Ficklin D
Illinois-3
Richard Sheppard Molony D
Illinois-4
Willis Allen D
Illinois-2
William Harrison Bissell D
Illinois-1
William Alexander Richardson D
Illinois-5
Richard Yates W
Illinois-7
Willis Arnold Gorman D
Indiana-6
John Larne Robinson D
Indiana-3
Cyrus Livingston Dunham D
Indiana-2
Samuel Wilson Parker W
Indiana-4
Graham Newell Fitch D
Indiana-9
James Lockhart D
Indiana-1
John Givan Davis D
Indiana-7
Thomas Andrews Hendricks D
Indiana-5
James W. Stone D
Kentucky-5
William Thomas Ward W
Kentucky-4
Addison White W
Kentucky-6
Linn Boyd D
Kentucky-1
Presley Underwood Ewing W
Kentucky-3
Benjamin Edwards Grey W
Kentucky-2
William Preston W
Kentucky-7
Richard Henry Stanton D
Kentucky-10
John Calvin Mason D
Kentucky-9
John Cabell Breckinridge D
Kentucky-8
Joseph Aristide Landry W
Louisiana-2
John Moore W
Louisiana-4
Alexander Gordon Penn D
Louisiana-3
Louis St. Martin D
Louisiana-1
Charles Allen FS
Massachusetts-5
George Thomas Davis W
Massachusetts-6
James Henry Duncan W
Massachusetts-3
Orin Fowler W
Massachusetts-9
Horace Mann FS
Massachusetts-8
Lorenzo Sabine W
Massachusetts-4
John Zacheus Goodrich W
Massachusetts-7
Zeno Scudder W
Massachusetts-10
William Appleton W
Massachusetts-1
Francis Ball Fay W
Massachusetts-2
Richard Johns Bowie W
Maryland-1
Joseph Stewart Cottman IW
Maryland-6
Alexander Evans W
Maryland-5
Edward Hammond D
Maryland-3
Thomas Yates Walsh W
Maryland-4
William Thomas Hamilton D
Maryland-2
Charles Andrews D
Maine-4
John Appleton D
Maine-2
Robert Goodenow W
Maine-3
Ephraim Knight Smart D
Maine-5
Moses Macdonald D
Maine-1
James Lockwood Conger W
Michigan-3
Ebenezer Jenckes Penniman W
Michigan-1
Charles Edward Stuart D
Michigan-2
Henry Hastings Sibley
Minnesota-AL
John Fletcher Darby W
Missouri-1
Willard Preble Hall D
Missouri-4
John Gaines Miller W
Missouri-3
John D. Freeman U
Mississippi-3
Benjamin Duke Nabers U
Mississippi-1
John A. Wilcox U
Mississippi-2
Albert Gallatin Brown SR
Mississippi-4
Joseph Pearson Caldwell W
North Carolina-2
John Reeves Jones Daniel D
North Carolina-6
Alfred Dockery W
North Carolina-3
James Turner Morehead W
North Carolina-4
David Outlaw W
North Carolina-9
Edward Stanly W
North Carolina-8
Abraham Watkins Venable D
North Carolina-5
William Shepperd Ashe D
North Carolina-7
Charles Hazen Peaslee D
New Hampshire-2
Jared Perkins W
New Hampshire-3
Amos Tuck W
New Hampshire-1
Harry Hibbard D
New Hampshire-4
George Houston Brown W
New Jersey-4
Rodman McCamley Price D
New Jersey-5
Isaac Wildrick D
New Jersey-3
Charles Skelton D
New Jersey-2
Nathan Taylor Stratton D
New Jersey-1
Richard Hanson Weightman D
New Mexico-AL
Leander Babcock D
New York-23
Obadiah Bowne W
New York-2
John Huggins Boyd W
New York-14
Alexander Hamilton Buell D
New York-17
Lorenzo Burrows W
New York-34
John Gelston Floyd D
New York-1
Emanuel Bernard Hart D
New York-3
Augustus Porter Hascall W
New York-33
John Henry Hobart Haws W
New York-4
Jerediah Horsford W
New York-29
Thomas Y. Howe Jr. D
New York-25
Willard Ives D
New York-19
Timothy Jenkins D
New York-20
Frederick Stanley Martin W
New York-31
Reuben Robie D
New York-30
Joseph Russell D
New York-15
William Augustus Sackett W
New York-27
Abraham Maus Schermerhorn W
New York-28
John Lawrence Schoolcraft W
New York-13
Marius Schoonmaker W
New York-10
David Lowrey Seymour D
New York-12
William W. Snow D
New York-21
Abraham P. Stephens D
New York-7
Josiah Sutherland D
New York-11
Henry Sanford Walbridge W
New York-26
John Wells W
New York-16
Gilbert Dean D
New York-8
Daniel Terryll Jones D
New York-24
William Murray D
New York-9
Preston King D
New York-18
George Briggs W
New York-5
James Brooks W
New York-6
Nelson Barrere W
Ohio-7
Hiram Bell W
Ohio-3
George Henry Busby D
Ohio-11
Joseph Cable D
Ohio-17
David Kellogg Cartter D
Ohio-18
James Madison Gaylord D
Ohio-13
Alexander Harper W
Ohio-14
William Forrest Hunter W
Ohio-15
John Johnson ID
Ohio-16
Eben Newton W
Ohio-19
Charles Sweetser D
Ohio-10
Norton Strange Townshend D
Ohio-21
John Welch W
Ohio-12
David Tiernan Disney D
Ohio-1
Alfred Peck Edgerton D
Ohio-5
Frederick William Green D
Ohio-6
Edson Baldwin Olds D
Ohio-9
John Lampkin Taylor W
Ohio-8
Thomas Marshal Bibighaus W
Pennsylvania-14
Milo Melankthon Dimmick D
Pennsylvania-10
Alfred Gilmore D
Pennsylvania-24
John W. Howe W
Pennsylvania-22
Joseph Henry Kuhns W
Pennsylvania-19
James Xavier McLanahan D
Pennsylvania-16
Henry Dunning Moore W
Pennsylvania-3
John Alexander Morrison D
Pennsylvania-7
Andrew Parker D
Pennsylvania-17
Thomas Ross D
Pennsylvania-6
Joseph Ripley Chandler W
Pennsylvania-2
James Gamble D
Pennsylvania-13
Thomas Marshall Howe W
Pennsylvania-21
William Henry Kurtz D
Pennsylvania-15
John McNair D
Pennsylvania-5
John Littleton Dawson D
Pennsylvania-18
Thaddeus Stevens W
Pennsylvania-8
Carlton Brandaga Curtis D
Pennsylvania-23
John Robbins D
Pennsylvania-4
George Gordon King W
Rhode Island-1
Armistead Burt D
South Carolina-5
William Ferguson Colcock D
South Carolina-7
Daniel Wallace D
South Carolina-1
Joseph Addison Woodward D
South Carolina-3
Meredith Poindexter Gentry W
Tennessee-7
William Hawkins Polk ID
Tennessee-6
Christopher Harris Williams W
Tennessee-11
William Montgomery Churchwell D
Tennessee-3
William Cullom W
Tennessee-8
Frederick Perry Stanton D
Tennessee-10
Andrew Johnson D
Tennessee-1
Isham Green Harris D
Tennessee-9
Volney Erskine Howard D
Texas-2
Richardson Scurry D
Texas-1
Thomas Hamlet Averett D
Virginia-3
James Madison Hite Beale D
Virginia-14
Alexander Richmond Holladay D
Virginia-8
Richard Kidder Meade D
Virginia-2
James French Strother W
Virginia-9
George Western Thompson D
Virginia-15
Thomas Bartlett Jr. D
Vermont-4
William Hebard W
Vermont-2
Ahiman Louis Miner W
Vermont-1
James Meacham W
Vermont-3
James Duane Doty ID
Wisconsin-3
Ben C. Eastman D
Wisconsin-2
Charles Durkee FS
Wisconsin-1
legislative/lawsLaws enacted
+4Congress.gov ↗
Complete lists of public laws start with the 93rd Congress (Jan 3, 1973). Earlier years show notable and landmark acts only.
4 laws recorded · 1 landmark · 3 notable
Kansas–Nebraska Act landmark
Ch. 59, Sess. 1, 33rd Cong. · May 30, 1854
The U.S. Congress appropriates $30
Mar 3, 1855
Guano Islands Act
Ch. 164, Sess. 1, 34th Cong. · Aug 18, 1856
Coinage Act of 1857
Ch. 56, Sess. 3, 34th Cong. · Feb 21, 1857

Judicial3 files+324

judicial/supreme-courtThe Supreme Court
+1Federal Judicial Center ↗
Bench by appointing party: 6 D · 2 W → 7 D · 2 W · every justice ↗
John Archibald Campbell D
appointed by Franklin Pierce · 1853
8 justices served on both dates
John McLean D
appointed by Andrew Jackson · 1829
James Moore Wayne D
appointed by Andrew Jackson · 1835
Roger Brooke Taney D
appointed by Andrew Jackson · 1836
John Catron D
appointed by Andrew Jackson · 1837
Peter Vivian Daniel D
appointed by Martin Van Buren · 1841
Samuel Nelson W
appointed by John Tyler · 1845
Robert Cooper Grier D
appointed by James K. Polk · 1846
Benjamin Robbins Curtis W
appointed by Millard Fillmore · 1851
judicial/lower-courtsAppeals & district courts
+25Federal Judicial Center ↗
Courts of appeals (active judges): →
District courts (active judges): 19 D · 12 W · 6 N( · 5 JR · 2 N( → 25 D · 9 W · 9 N( · 5 JR
Franklin Pierce D appointed 21 judges
1 Supreme Court · 14 district · 6 other
None (reassignment) N( appointed 4 judges
4 district
D and R describe the party of the appointing president, not the judge. Active service ends when a judge takes senior status.
judicial/rulingsSupreme Court decisions
+298Supreme Court Database ↗
298 argued decisions · 0 landmark
Landmark means the Court overruled precedent, struck down a federal law, or the case is on a curated landmark list.

Fiscal2 files±0

fiscal/budgetThe federal budget
OMB Historical Tables ↗
Fiscal year undefined → fiscal year undefined · inflation-adjusted with the GDP price index
fiscal/debtTotal public debt outstanding
−$34MTreasury Fiscal Data ↗
$66M
as of Jul 1, 1852
$32M
as of Jul 1, 1856

Constitution & Union1 file±0

constitution/amendmentsAmendments & statehood
±0National Archives ↗
12 → 12 amendments in force · 31 → 31 states
No amendments ratified and no states admitted. The last amendment was the 27th, in 1992.

Reverts1 file±0

revert/undoneWhat was undone
nothingFederal Register · Congress.gov · SCDB ↗
No executive orders revoked, no rules struck down by Congress, and no precedents overruled in this window (executive-order records begin in 1994).

Log1 file±0

logEverything in between
7 events
Franklin Pierce takes office · 1853-03-04John Archibald Campbell — Associate Justice · 1853-03-22Kansas–Nebraska Act · 1854-05-30The U.S. Congress appropriates $30 · 1855-03-03Guano Islands Act · 1856-08-18White House Office · 1857-01-01Coinage Act of 1857 · 1857-02-211854185518561857
  1. presidentFranklin Pierce takes office
  2. justiceJohn Archibald Campbell — Associate Justice
  3. lawKansas–Nebraska Act
  4. lawThe U.S. Congress appropriates $30
  5. lawGuano Islands Act
  6. agency+White House Office
  7. lawCoinage Act of 1857