How did the United States change between and ?

Pick two dates. See the laws, the executive orders, the courts, Congress, federal agencies, the Constitution and the budget, as a diff.

Trump II so farBiden termTrump I termObama termSince 9/11Since ReaganPostwar → now
civicdiff.com/1817-03-04...1825-03-03 · 8 years json
18 files changed, 528 insertions(+), 170 deletions(−)
Laws enacted
+8
major laws · full counts from 1973
Executive orders
—
records start in 1994
Final rules
—
records start in 1994
Supreme Court
1 of 7
seats changed hands
Agencies
+2 −0
departments & tracked agencies
Public debt
−$40M
$123M → $84M

The presidency passed from James Madison to James Monroe. 40 senators and 167 representatives took seats that they did not hold before. 1 new justice joined the Supreme Court.

Executive5 files+9−5

executive/presidentThe presidency
+1−1National Archives ↗
James Madison DR
4th president
James Monroe DR
5th president · took office Mar 4, 1817
executive/vice-presidentThe vice presidency
+1−1Senate Historical Office ↗
vacant
Daniel D. Tompkins DR
took office Mar 5, 1821
executive/cabinetCabinet & senior officials
+5−3Wikidata ↗
Secretary of State
John Quincy Adams W
Secretary of War
John C. Calhoun DR
Attorney General
Richard Rush
William Wirt DR
Postmaster General
Return J. Meigs Jr. DR
John McLean D
Other senior officials (1 changed)
Postmaster General
Return J. Meigs Jr. DR
John McLean D
1 offices unchanged
Secretary of the Treasury: William H. Crawford DR
executive/ordersExecutive orders
no dataFederal Register API ↗
Federal Register records of executive orders begin in 1994.
executive/agenciesFederal agencies
+2Wikidata ↗
20 → 22 tracked organizations · 5 → 5 executive departments
United States Botanic Garden
established Aug 5, 1820 · botanical garden in Washington, DC
Bureau of Indian Affairs
established Mar 11, 1824 · Unted States government agency
Agency start and end dates come from Wikidata, which covers smaller bureaus unevenly.

Military1 file±0

military/conflictsArmed conflicts
±0UCDP/PRIO Armed Conflict Dataset ↗
U.S. in 0 armed conflicts → 0
The U.S. was not a party to any armed conflict in this window (conflict records start in 1946).
An armed conflict here means at least 25 battle deaths in a year, with U.S. forces as a party or fighting for a government (UCDP's definition). Air strikes, raids, and advisory missions below that threshold aren't included. UN peacekeeping missions are excluded.

Legislative4 files+215−164

legislative/controlControl of Congress
1 changeHouse History / Senate Historical Office ↗
Top: House · Bottom: Senate DemocraticRepublicanOther
14th Congress → 18th Congress · 4 new Congresses elected
1 change of chamber control along the way
House: Republican majority
102 R · 43 F
House: null majority
104 U · 28 R
Senate: Republican majority on both dates
24 R · 13 F → 16 R · 14 J
legislative/senateSenate
+40−30congress-legislators ↗
Mar 4, 1817 · 24 R · 13 F · 1 DR
Joseph Bradley Varnum (Democratic Republican, MA)David Daggett (Federalist, CT)Samuel Whittlesey Dana (Federalist, CT)William Hill Wells (Federalist, DE)Outerbridge Horsey (Federalist, DE)Martin D. Hardin (Federalist, KY)Eli Porter Ashmun (Federalist, MA)Robert Henry Goldsborough (Federalist, MD)Alexander Contee Hanson (Federalist, MD)Jeremiah Mason (Federalist, NH)Thomas Weston Thompson (Federalist, NH)Rufus King (Federalist, NY)William Hunter (Federalist, RI)Isaac Tichenor (Federalist, VT)Charles Tait (Republican, GA)George Michael Troup (Republican, GA)Waller Taylor (Republican, IN)James Noble (Republican, IN)Isham Talbot (Republican, KY)James Brown (Republican, LA)Eligius Fromentin (Republican, LA)Montfort Stokes (Republican, NC)Nathaniel Macon (Republican, NC)John Condit (Republican, NJ)James Jefferson Wilson (Republican, NJ)Nathan Sanford (Republican, NY)Jeremiah Morrow (Republican, OH)Benjamin Ruggles (Republican, OH)Abner Lacock (Republican, PA)Jonathan Roberts (Republican, PA)Jeremiah Brown Howell (Republican, RI)John Gaillard (Republican, SC)William Smith (Republican, SC)John Williams (Republican, TN)George Washington Campbell (Republican, TN)James Barbour (Republican, VA)Armistead Thomson Mason (Republican, VA)Dudley Chase (Republican, VT)
Mar 3, 1825 · 16 R · 14 J · 13 A · 2 DR · 1 F · 1 U · 1 CR
William Rufus de Vane King (Jackson, AL)Henry Waggaman Edwards (Jackson, CT)Nicholas Van Dyke (Adams, DE)Thomas Clayton (Adams, DE)Thomas Willis Cobb (Jackson, GA)Jesse Burgess Thomas (Adams, IL)John McLean (Crawford Republican, IL)James Noble (Adams, IN)Richard Mentor Johnson (Jackson, KY)Charles Dominique Joseph Bouligny (Adams, LA)Josiah Stoddard Johnston (Adams, LA)Elijah Hunt Mills (Adams, MA)James Lloyd (Adams, MA)Samuel Smith (Jackson, MD)John Holmes (Democratic Republican, ME)John Chandler (Jackson, ME)Thomas Hart Benton (Jackson, MO)Thomas Hill Williams (Jackson, MS)John Branch (Jackson, NC)Samuel Bell (Adams, NH)Joseph McIlvaine (Adams, NJ)Mahlon Dickerson (Jackson, NJ)Martin Van Buren (Jackson, NY)Benjamin Ruggles (Adams, OH)William Findlay (Jackson, PA)Nehemiah Rice Knight (Adams, RI)Robert Young Hayne (Jackson, SC)John Henry Eaton (?, TN)Andrew Jackson (Democratic Republican, TN)Littleton Waller Tazewell (Jackson, VA)Horatio Seymour (Adams, VT)Rufus King (Federalist, NY)William Kelly (Republican, AL)James Lanman (Republican, CT)John Elliott (Republican, GA)Waller Taylor (Republican, IN)Isham Talbot (Republican, KY)Edward Lloyd (Republican, MD)David Barton (Republican, MO)David Holmes (Republican, MS)Nathaniel Macon (Republican, NC)John Fabyan Parrott (Republican, NH)Ethan Allen Brown (Republican, OH)Walter Lowrie (Republican, PA)James De Wolf (Republican, RI)John Gaillard (Republican, SC)James Barbour (Republican, VA)William Adams Palmer (Republican, VT)
40 new members · 30 departed · 8 served on both dates · women 0 → 0 · median age 47 → 50
28 seats changed party
David Daggett F
Connecticut seat
James Lanman R
Connecticut seat
Jeremiah Mason F
New Hampshire seat
John Fabyan Parrott R
New Hampshire seat
Robert Henry Goldsborough F
Maryland seat
Edward Lloyd R
Maryland seat
Eli Porter Ashmun F
Massachusetts seat
Elijah Hunt Mills A
Massachusetts seat
Show 24 more seat flips
George Washington Campbell R
Tennessee seat
John Henry Eaton
Tennessee seat
William Hunter F
Rhode Island seat
James De Wolf R
Rhode Island seat
Jonathan Roberts R
Pennsylvania seat
William Findlay J
Pennsylvania seat
James Noble R
Indiana seat
James Noble A
Indiana seat
Benjamin Ruggles R
Ohio seat
Benjamin Ruggles A
Ohio seat
Isaac Tichenor F
Vermont seat
Horatio Seymour A
Vermont seat
Nathan Sanford R
New York seat
Martin Van Buren J
New York seat
Alexander Contee Hanson F
Maryland seat
Samuel Smith J
Maryland seat
Samuel Whittlesey Dana F
Connecticut seat
Henry Waggaman Edwards J
Connecticut seat
James Jefferson Wilson R
New Jersey seat
Joseph McIlvaine A
New Jersey seat
George Michael Troup R
Georgia seat
Thomas Willis Cobb J
Georgia seat
James Brown R
Louisiana seat
Charles Dominique Joseph Bouligny A
Louisiana seat
John Williams R
Tennessee seat
Andrew Jackson DR
Tennessee seat
Joseph Bradley Varnum DR
Massachusetts seat
James Lloyd A
Massachusetts seat
William Hill Wells F
Delaware seat
Nicholas Van Dyke A
Delaware seat
Thomas Weston Thompson F
New Hampshire seat
Samuel Bell A
New Hampshire seat
John Condit R
New Jersey seat
Mahlon Dickerson J
New Jersey seat
William Smith R
South Carolina seat
Robert Young Hayne J
South Carolina seat
Montfort Stokes R
North Carolina seat
John Branch J
North Carolina seat
Martin D. Hardin F
Kentucky seat
Richard Mentor Johnson J
Kentucky seat
Jeremiah Brown Howell R
Rhode Island seat
Nehemiah Rice Knight A
Rhode Island seat
Outerbridge Horsey F
Delaware seat
Thomas Clayton A
Delaware seat
Armistead Thomson Mason R
Virginia seat
Littleton Waller Tazewell J
Virginia seat
Eligius Fromentin R
Louisiana seat
Josiah Stoddard Johnston A
Louisiana seat
Who joined and who left (40 in · 30 out)
William Kelly R
Alabama
William Rufus de Vane King J
Alabama
James Lanman R
Connecticut
Henry Waggaman Edwards J
Connecticut
Nicholas Van Dyke A
Delaware
Thomas Clayton A
Delaware
John Elliott R
Georgia
Thomas Willis Cobb J
Georgia
Jesse Burgess Thomas A
Illinois
John McLean CR
Illinois
Richard Mentor Johnson J
Kentucky
Charles Dominique Joseph Bouligny A
Louisiana
Josiah Stoddard Johnston A
Louisiana
Elijah Hunt Mills A
Massachusetts
James Lloyd A
Massachusetts
Edward Lloyd R
Maryland
Samuel Smith J
Maryland
John Holmes DR
Maine
John Chandler J
Maine
David Barton R
Missouri
Thomas Hart Benton J
Missouri
David Holmes R
Mississippi
Thomas Hill Williams J
Mississippi
John Branch J
North Carolina
John Fabyan Parrott R
New Hampshire
Samuel Bell A
New Hampshire
Joseph McIlvaine A
New Jersey
Mahlon Dickerson J
New Jersey
Martin Van Buren J
New York
Ethan Allen Brown R
Ohio
Walter Lowrie R
Pennsylvania
William Findlay J
Pennsylvania
James De Wolf R
Rhode Island
Nehemiah Rice Knight A
Rhode Island
Robert Young Hayne J
South Carolina
John Henry Eaton
Tennessee
Andrew Jackson DR
Tennessee
Littleton Waller Tazewell J
Virginia
William Adams Palmer R
Vermont
Horatio Seymour A
Vermont
David Daggett F
Connecticut
Samuel Whittlesey Dana F
Connecticut
William Hill Wells F
Delaware
Outerbridge Horsey F
Delaware
Charles Tait R
Georgia
George Michael Troup R
Georgia
Martin D. Hardin F
Kentucky
James Brown R
Louisiana
Eligius Fromentin R
Louisiana
Joseph Bradley Varnum DR
Massachusetts
Eli Porter Ashmun F
Massachusetts
Robert Henry Goldsborough F
Maryland
Alexander Contee Hanson F
Maryland
Montfort Stokes R
North Carolina
Jeremiah Mason F
New Hampshire
Thomas Weston Thompson F
New Hampshire
John Condit R
New Jersey
James Jefferson Wilson R
New Jersey
Nathan Sanford R
New York
Jeremiah Morrow R
Ohio
Abner Lacock R
Pennsylvania
Jonathan Roberts R
Pennsylvania
Jeremiah Brown Howell R
Rhode Island
William Hunter F
Rhode Island
William Smith R
South Carolina
John Williams R
Tennessee
George Washington Campbell R
Tennessee
Armistead Thomson Mason R
Virginia
Dudley Chase R
Vermont
Isaac Tichenor F
Vermont
legislative/houseHouse
+167−134congress-legislators ↗
Mar 4, 1817 · 102 R · 43 F · 4 U
Benjamin Stephenson (?, IL-AL)Jonathan Jennings (?, IN-AL)Rufus Easton (?, MO-AL)William Lattimore (?, MS-AL)Epaphroditus Champion (Federalist, CT-AL)Thomas Cooper (Federalist, DE-AL)George Bradbury (Federalist, MA-15)Elijah Brigham (Federalist, MA-11)Benjamin Brown (Federalist, MA-16)James Carr (Federalist, MA-17)John Whitefield Hulbert (Federalist, MA-7)Cyrus King (Federalist, MA-14)Timothy Pickering (Federalist, MA-2)Asahel Stearns (Federalist, MA-4)Samuel Taggart (Federalist, MA-6)Artemas Ward Jr. (Federalist, MA-1)Laban Wheaton (Federalist, MA-10)Thomas Rice (Federalist, MA-18)Nathaniel Ruggles (Federalist, MA-13)Solomon Strong (Federalist, MA-12)Elijah Hunt Mills (Federalist, MA-5)Jeremiah Nelson (Federalist, MA-3)William Baylies (Federalist, MA-8)John Reed (Federalist, MA-9)George Baer Jr. (Federalist, MD-4)Charles Goldsborough (Federalist, MD-8)John Carlyle Herbert (Federalist, MD-2)Philip Stuart (Federalist, MD-1)George Peter (Federalist, MD-3)William Gaston (Federalist, NC-4)John Culpepper (Federalist, NC-7)Charles Humphrey Atherton (Federalist, NH-AL)Daniel Cady (Federalist, NY-14)Thomas Ruggles Gold (Federalist, NY-16)Thomas Peabody Grosvenor (Federalist, NY-5)Moss Kent (Federalist, NY-18)John Lovett (Federalist, NY-9)Hosea Moffitt (Federalist, NY-10)Thomas Smith (Federalist, PA-1)John Woods (Federalist, PA-14)John Linscom Boss Jr. (Federalist, RI-AL)Benjamin Huger (Federalist, SC-3)James Breckinridge (Federalist, VA-5)Joseph Lewis Jr. (Federalist, VA-8)Daniel Sheffey (Federalist, VA-6)Magnus Tate (Federalist, VA-2)Daniel Chipman (Federalist, VT-AL)Bolling Hall (Republican, GA-AL)William Hendricks (Republican, IN-1)Thomas Fletcher (Republican, KY-1)Samuel McKee (Republican, KY-7)Stephen Ormsby (Republican, KY-8)Solomon P. Sharp (Republican, KY-6)Micah Taul (Republican, KY-9)Joseph Desha (Republican, KY-4)Alney McLean (Republican, KY-5)Benjamin Hardin (Republican, KY-10)Richard Mentor Johnson (Republican, KY-3)Henry Clay (Republican, KY-2)Thomas Bolling Robertson (Republican, LA-1)Samuel Shepard Conner (Republican, MA-19)Albion Keith Parris (Republican, MA-20)Nicholas Ruxton Moore (Republican, MD-AL)Stevenson Archer (Republican, MD-6)William Pinkney (Republican, MD-5)Robert Wright (Republican, MD-7)James West Clark (Republican, NC-3)Samuel Dickens (Republican, NC-8)William Carter Love (Republican, NC-10)William Hardy Murfree (Republican, NC-1)Bartlett Yancey (Republican, NC-9)Joseph Hunter Bryan (Republican, NC-2)Daniel Munroe Forney (Republican, NC-11)Israel Pickens (Republican, NC-12)Lewis Williams (Republican, NC-13)Weldon Nathaniel Edwards (Republican, NC-6)Charles Hooks (Republican, NC-5)Ezra Baker (Republican, NJ-AL)Asa Adgate (Republican, NY-12)Daniel Avery (Republican, NY-20)Samuel Rossiter Betts (Republican, NY-7)James Birdsall (Republican, NY-15)Micah Brooks (Republican, NY-21)Henry Crocheron (Republican, NY-1)Jonathan Fisk (Republican, NY-AL)Abraham Henry Schenck (Republican, NY-4)Jonathan Ward (Republican, NY-3)Westel Willoughby Jr. (Republican, NY-17)John Barentse Yates (Republican, NY-13)William Irving (Republican, NY-2)James Whitney Wilkin (Republican, NY-6)Erastus Root (Republican, NY-8)John W. Taylor (Republican, NY-11)Victory Birdseye (Republican, NY-19)John Alexander (Republican, OH-2)James Caldwell (Republican, OH-4)David Clendenin (Republican, OH-6)James Kilbourne (Republican, OH-5)John McLean (Republican, OH-1)William Creighton Jr. (Republican, OH-3)David Bard (Republican, PA-AL)Thomas Burnside (Republican, PA-9)William Crawford (Republican, PA-5)William Findley (Republican, PA-11)Hugh Glasgow (Republican, PA-4)Isaac Griffin (Republican, PA-13)John Hahn (Republican, PA-2)Jared Irwin (Republican, PA-10)Aaron Lyle (Republican, PA-12)William Piper (Republican, PA-8)Thomas Wilson (Republican, PA-15)John Ross (Republican, PA-6)John Whiteside (Republican, PA-3)Joseph Hiester (Republican, PA-7)John Joel Chappell (Republican, SC-4)William Mayrant (Republican, SC-9)Thomas Moore (Republican, SC-8)John Taylor (Republican, SC-7)William Woodward (Republican, SC-5)Henry Middleton (Republican, SC-1)William Lowndes (Republican, SC-2)John Caldwell Calhoun (Republican, SC-6)Bennett H. Henderson (Republican, TN-4)Samuel Powell (Republican, TN-1)John Sevier (Republican, TN-AL)Isaac Thomas (Republican, TN-3)William Grainger Blount (Republican, TN-2)Newton Cannon (Republican, TN-5)James B. Reynolds (Republican, TN-6)Matthew Clay (Republican, VA-AL)John Clopton (Republican, VA-23)Thomas Gholson Jr. (Republican, VA-18)Aylett Hawes (Republican, VA-10)John Pratt Hungerford (Republican, VA-9)John George Jackson (Republican, VA-1)John Kerr (Republican, VA-15)Peterson Goodwyn (Republican, VA-19)Henry St. George Tucker (Republican, VA-3)William Armisted Burwell (Republican, VA-14)James Johnson (Republican, VA-20)James Pleasants (Republican, VA-17)Ballard Smith (Republican, VA-7)Hugh Nelson (Republican, VA-22)Burwell Bassett (Republican, VA-13)Philip Pendleton Barbour (Republican, VA-11)William McCoy (Republican, VA-4)Thomas Newton Jr. (Republican, VA-21)John Randolph (Republican, VA-16)William Henry Roane (Republican, VA-12)
Mar 3, 1825 · 104 U · 28 R · 18 J · 8 W · 6 F · 4 JR · 3 CR · 3 AM · 3 D · 1 JR · 1 AJ · 1 AJ · 1 A · 1 DR
Henry William Connor (Democrat, NC-11)George McDuffie (Democrat, SC-5)Samuel Houston (Democrat, TN-7)John McKee (?, AL-2)George Washington Owen (?, AL-3)Gabriel Moore (?, AL-1)Henry Wharton Conway (?, AR-AL)Ansel Sterling (?, CT-AL)Louis McLane (Jacksonian, DE-AL)Richard Keith Call (?, FL-AL)Daniel Pope Cook (?, IL-1)Jacob Call (Jackson Republican, IN-1)Jonathan Jennings (?, IN-2)John Test (?, IN-3)John Telemachus Johnson (?, KY-5)Philip Thompson (?, KY-11)David White (?, KY-6)Robert Pryor Henry (?, KY-12)Francis Johnson (?, KY-10)Richard Aylett Buckner (?, KY-8)Thomas Patrick Moore (?, KY-7)Robert Perkins Letcher (?, KY-4)Henry Clay (Democratic Republican, KY-3)Charles Anderson Wickliffe (Jacksonian, KY-9)William Leigh Brent (?, LA-3)Henry Hosford Gurley (?, LA-2)Edward Livingston (Jacksonian, LA-1)Jonas Sibley (?, MA-5)Francis Baylies (?, MA-12)Aaron Hobart (?, MA-11)Samuel Lathrop (?, MA-8)John Locke (?, MA-6)John Bailey (?, MA-10)Benjamin Williams Crowninshield (?, MA-2)Henry Williams Dwight (?, MA-9)Daniel Webster (Adams, MA-1)William Hayward Jr. (?, MD-7)John Lee (?, MD-4)Raphael Neale (?, MD-1)Henry Ridgely Warfield (?, MD-3)George Edward Mitchell (Jacksonian, MD-6)John Selby Spence (Anti-Jacksonian, MD-8)Joshua Cushman (?, ME-4)Stephen Longfellow (?, ME-2)Ebenezer Herrick (?, ME-3)David Kidder (?, ME-7)William Burleigh (?, ME-1)Jeremiah O’Brien (?, ME-6)Gabriel Richard (?, MI-AL)John Scott (?, MO-1)Christopher Rankin (?, MS-1)Hutchins Gordon Burton (?, NC-2)Alfred Moore Gatlin (Crawford Republican, NC-1)Richard Dobbs Spaight Jr. (?, NC-4)Robert Brank Vance (?, NC-12)John Long (?, NC-10)Willie Person Mangum (Jacksonian, NC-8)Matthew Harvey (?, NH-AL)James Matlack (?, NJ-AL)John Watts Cady (?, NY-16)Lot Clark (?, NY-21)Ela Collins (?, NY-20)Justin Dwinell (?, NY-22)Lewis Eaton (Crawford Republican, NY-12)Charles Augustus Foote (?, NY-11)Joel Frost (Crawford Republican, NY-4)James Lawrence Hogeboom (?, NY-9)Lemuel Jenkins (?, NY-7)Samuel Lawrence (?, NY-25)Elisha Litchfield (?, NY-23)John Richards (?, NY-19)William Beatty Rochester (?, NY-AL)Peter Sharpe (?, NY-3)Jacob Tyson (?, NY-2)William William Van Wyck (?, NY-5)William Woods (?, NY-28)Moses Hayden (?, NY-27)Stephen Van Rensselaer (?, NY-10)Silas Wood (?, NY-1)Hector Craig (Jacksonian, NY-6)Robert Selden Rose (Anti Mason, NY-26)James Strong (?, NY-8)Rowland Day (Jacksonian, NY-24)Henry Clinton Martindale (Anti Mason, NY-18)James William Gazlay (?, OH-1)Duncan McArthur (?, OH-6)John Patterson (?, OH-10)Thomas Randolph Ross (?, OH-2)Philemon Beecher (?, OH-9)William McLean (?, OH-3)John Sloane (?, OH-12)William Wilson (?, OH-8)John Crafts Wright (?, OH-11)Mordecai Bartley (?, OH-14)Joseph Vance (Anti Jacksonian, OH-4)Samuel Breck (?, PA-1)John Brown (?, PA-12)William Cox Ellis (?, PA-9)Walter Forward (?, PA-16)Isaac Wayne (?, PA-4)Patrick Farrelly (?, PA-18)John Findlay (?, PA-11)Robert Harris (?, PA-6)Philip Swenk Markley (?, PA-5)James S. Mitchell (?, PA-10)George Plumer (?, PA-17)Daniel H. Miller (Jacksonian, PA-3)Andrew Stewart (Anti Mason, PA-14)Job Durfee (?, RI-AL)Joseph Gist (?, SC-7)Andrew Robison Govan (?, SC-4)Joel Roberts Poinsett (?, SC-1)John Wilson (?, SC-6)John Carter (Jacksonian, SC-8)James Hamilton Jr. (?, SC-2)Starling Tucker (Jacksonian, SC-9)Robert Blair Campbell (Jackson Republican, SC-3)James T. Sandford (Jackson Republican, TN-6)Adam Rankin Alexander (Jacksonian Republican, TN-9)Robert Allen (?, TN-5)John Cocke (?, TN-2)Jacob C. Isacks (Jackson Republican, TN-4)John Blair (Jacksonian, TN-1)James Israel Standifer (Jacksonian, TN-3)Jabez Leftwich (?, VA-7)Arthur Smith (?, VA-2)George Tucker (?, VA-6)Jared Williams (?, VA-17)William Smith (?, VA-21)Mark Alexander (Jacksonian, VA-4)John Strode Barbour (Jacksonian, VA-15)William McCoy (Jacksonian, VA-19)John Randolph (?, VA-5)Andrew Stevenson (Jacksonian, VA-9)William Cabell Rives (Jacksonian, VA-10)Joseph Johnson (Jacksonian, VA-18)Henry Olin (?, VT-3)Daniel Azro Ashley Buck (?, VT-4)Rollin Carolas Mallary (?, VT-1)Samuel Chandler Crafts (?, VT-5)Thomas Metcalfe (Whig, KY-2)John Reed (Whig, MA-13)Lewis Williams (Whig, NC-13)Albert Haller Tracy (Whig, NY-30)Elisha Whittlesey (Whig, OH-13)Samuel Finley Vinton (Whig, OH-7)Charles Fenton Mercer (Whig, VA-14)William Segar Archer (Whig, VA-3)Samuel Clesson Allen (Federalist, MA-7)Jeremiah Nelson (Federalist, MA-3)John Culpepper (Federalist, NC-7)Henry Randolph Storrs (Federalist, NY-14)Joseph Hemphill (Federalist, PA-2)James Stephenson (Federalist, VA-16)Joel Abbott (Republican, GA-AL)David Trimble (Republican, KY-1)Timothy Fuller (Republican, MA-4)Peter Little (Republican, MD-5)Joseph Kent (Republican, MD-2)Enoch Lincoln (Republican, ME-5)Charles Hooks (Republican, NC-5)Weldon Nathaniel Edwards (Republican, NC-6)Thomas H. Hall (Republican, NC-3)Romulus Mitchell Saunders (Republican, NC-9)John Herkimer (Republican, NY-15)Isaac Williams Jr. (Republican, NY-13)Isaac Wilson (Republican, NY-29)John W. Taylor (Republican, NY-17)John Wilson Campbell (Republican, OH-5)Thomas Patterson (Republican, PA-15)Thomas Jones Rogers (Republican, PA-8)John Tod (Republican, PA-13)Daniel Udree (Republican, PA-7)James B. Reynolds (Republican, TN-8)William Lee Ball (Republican, VA-13)Robert Selden Garnett (Republican, VA-12)Burwell Bassett (Republican, VA-8)John Floyd (Republican, VA-20)Philip Pendleton Barbour (Republican, VA-11)Alexander Smyth (Republican, VA-22)Thomas Newton Jr. (Republican, VA-1)William Czar Bradley (Republican, VT-2)
167 new members · 134 departed · 15 served on both dates · women 0 → 0 · median age 43 → 43
19 state delegations changed
Show delegation changes
Alabama 0 D · 0 R
Alabama 0 D · 0 R · 3 other
Arkansas 0 D · 0 R
Arkansas 0 D · 0 R · 1 other
Florida 0 D · 0 R
Florida 0 D · 0 R · 1 other
Indiana 0 D · 1 R · 1 other
Indiana 0 D · 0 R · 3 other
Kentucky 0 D · 10 R
Kentucky 0 D · 1 R · 11 other
Louisiana 0 D · 1 R
Louisiana 0 D · 0 R · 3 other
Massachusetts 0 D · 2 R · 18 other
Massachusetts 0 D · 1 R · 12 other
Maryland 0 D · 4 R · 5 other
Maryland 0 D · 2 R · 6 other
Maine 0 D · 0 R
Maine 0 D · 1 R · 6 other
Michigan 0 D · 0 R
Michigan 0 D · 0 R · 1 other
North Carolina 0 D · 11 R · 2 other
North Carolina 1 D · 4 R · 8 other
New Jersey 0 D · 1 R
New Jersey 0 D · 0 R · 1 other
New York 0 D · 16 R · 6 other
New York 0 D · 4 R · 27 other
Ohio 0 D · 6 R
Ohio 0 D · 1 R · 13 other
Pennsylvania 0 D · 14 R · 2 other
Pennsylvania 0 D · 4 R · 14 other
South Carolina 0 D · 8 R · 1 other
South Carolina 1 D · 0 R · 8 other
Tennessee 0 D · 7 R
Tennessee 1 D · 1 R · 7 other
Virginia 0 D · 20 R · 4 other
Virginia 0 D · 7 R · 15 other
Vermont 0 D · 0 R · 1 other
Vermont 0 D · 1 R · 4 other
Who joined and who left (167 in · 134 out)
John McKee
Alabama-2
George Washington Owen
Alabama-3
Gabriel Moore
Alabama-1
Henry Wharton Conway
Arkansas-AL
Ansel Sterling
Connecticut-AL
Louis McLane J
Delaware-AL
Richard Keith Call
Florida-AL
Joel Abbott R
Georgia-AL
Daniel Pope Cook
Illinois-1
Jacob Call JR
Indiana-1
John Test
Indiana-3
John Telemachus Johnson
Kentucky-5
Philip Thompson
Kentucky-11
David White
Kentucky-6
Robert Pryor Henry
Kentucky-12
Francis Johnson
Kentucky-10
David Trimble R
Kentucky-1
Richard Aylett Buckner
Kentucky-8
Thomas Patrick Moore
Kentucky-7
Robert Perkins Letcher
Kentucky-4
Thomas Metcalfe W
Kentucky-2
Charles Anderson Wickliffe J
Kentucky-9
William Leigh Brent
Louisiana-3
Henry Hosford Gurley
Louisiana-2
Edward Livingston J
Louisiana-1
Timothy Fuller R
Massachusetts-4
Jonas Sibley
Massachusetts-5
Francis Baylies
Massachusetts-12
Aaron Hobart
Massachusetts-11
Samuel Lathrop
Massachusetts-8
Samuel Clesson Allen F
Massachusetts-7
John Locke
Massachusetts-6
John Bailey
Massachusetts-10
Benjamin Williams Crowninshield
Massachusetts-2
Henry Williams Dwight
Massachusetts-9
Daniel Webster A
Massachusetts-1
William Hayward Jr.
Maryland-7
John Lee
Maryland-4
Raphael Neale
Maryland-1
Henry Ridgely Warfield
Maryland-3
Peter Little R
Maryland-5
George Edward Mitchell J
Maryland-6
Joseph Kent R
Maryland-2
John Selby Spence AJ
Maryland-8
Joshua Cushman
Maine-4
Stephen Longfellow
Maine-2
Ebenezer Herrick
Maine-3
David Kidder
Maine-7
Enoch Lincoln R
Maine-5
William Burleigh
Maine-1
Jeremiah O’Brien
Maine-6
Gabriel Richard
Michigan-AL
John Scott
Missouri-1
Christopher Rankin
Mississippi-1
Hutchins Gordon Burton
North Carolina-2
Alfred Moore Gatlin CR
North Carolina-1
Richard Dobbs Spaight Jr.
North Carolina-4
Robert Brank Vance
North Carolina-12
John Long
North Carolina-10
Thomas H. Hall R
North Carolina-3
Henry William Connor D
North Carolina-11
Romulus Mitchell Saunders R
North Carolina-9
Willie Person Mangum J
North Carolina-8
Matthew Harvey
New Hampshire-AL
James Matlack
New Jersey-AL
John Watts Cady
New York-16
Lot Clark
New York-21
Ela Collins
New York-20
Justin Dwinell
New York-22
Lewis Eaton CR
New York-12
Charles Augustus Foote
New York-11
Joel Frost CR
New York-4
John Herkimer R
New York-15
James Lawrence Hogeboom
New York-9
Lemuel Jenkins
New York-7
Samuel Lawrence
New York-25
Elisha Litchfield
New York-23
John Richards
New York-19
William Beatty Rochester
New York-AL
Peter Sharpe
New York-3
Albert Haller Tracy W
New York-30
Jacob Tyson
New York-2
William William Van Wyck
New York-5
Isaac Williams Jr. R
New York-13
Isaac Wilson R
New York-29
William Woods
New York-28
Moses Hayden
New York-27
Stephen Van Rensselaer
New York-10
Silas Wood
New York-1
Hector Craig J
New York-6
Robert Selden Rose AM
New York-26
Henry Randolph Storrs F
New York-14
James Strong
New York-8
Rowland Day J
New York-24
Henry Clinton Martindale AM
New York-18
James William Gazlay
Ohio-1
Duncan McArthur
Ohio-6
John Patterson
Ohio-10
Thomas Randolph Ross
Ohio-2
John Wilson Campbell R
Ohio-5
Philemon Beecher
Ohio-9
William McLean
Ohio-3
John Sloane
Ohio-12
William Wilson
Ohio-8
John Crafts Wright
Ohio-11
Mordecai Bartley
Ohio-14
Elisha Whittlesey W
Ohio-13
Joseph Vance AJ
Ohio-4
Samuel Finley Vinton W
Ohio-7
Samuel Breck
Pennsylvania-1
John Brown
Pennsylvania-12
William Cox Ellis
Pennsylvania-9
Walter Forward
Pennsylvania-16
Thomas Patterson R
Pennsylvania-15
Thomas Jones Rogers R
Pennsylvania-8
John Tod R
Pennsylvania-13
Daniel Udree R
Pennsylvania-7
Isaac Wayne
Pennsylvania-4
Patrick Farrelly
Pennsylvania-18
John Findlay
Pennsylvania-11
Robert Harris
Pennsylvania-6
Philip Swenk Markley
Pennsylvania-5
James S. Mitchell
Pennsylvania-10
George Plumer
Pennsylvania-17
Joseph Hemphill F
Pennsylvania-2
Daniel H. Miller J
Pennsylvania-3
Andrew Stewart AM
Pennsylvania-14
Job Durfee
Rhode Island-AL
Joseph Gist
South Carolina-7
Andrew Robison Govan
South Carolina-4
Joel Roberts Poinsett
South Carolina-1
John Wilson
South Carolina-6
John Carter J
South Carolina-8
James Hamilton Jr.
South Carolina-2
Starling Tucker J
South Carolina-9
Robert Blair Campbell JR
South Carolina-3
George McDuffie D
South Carolina-5
James T. Sandford JR
Tennessee-6
Adam Rankin Alexander JR
Tennessee-9
Robert Allen
Tennessee-5
John Cocke
Tennessee-2
Jacob C. Isacks JR
Tennessee-4
John Blair J
Tennessee-1
James Israel Standifer J
Tennessee-3
Samuel Houston D
Tennessee-7
William Lee Ball R
Virginia-13
Jabez Leftwich
Virginia-7
Arthur Smith
Virginia-2
James Stephenson F
Virginia-16
George Tucker
Virginia-6
Jared Williams
Virginia-17
Robert Selden Garnett R
Virginia-12
William Smith
Virginia-21
John Floyd R
Virginia-20
Alexander Smyth R
Virginia-22
Mark Alexander J
Virginia-4
John Strode Barbour J
Virginia-15
Andrew Stevenson J
Virginia-9
Charles Fenton Mercer W
Virginia-14
William Segar Archer W
Virginia-3
William Cabell Rives J
Virginia-10
Joseph Johnson J
Virginia-18
Henry Olin
Vermont-3
William Czar Bradley R
Vermont-2
Daniel Azro Ashley Buck
Vermont-4
Rollin Carolas Mallary
Vermont-1
Samuel Chandler Crafts
Vermont-5
Epaphroditus Champion F
Connecticut-AL
Thomas Cooper F
Delaware-AL
Bolling Hall R
Georgia-AL
Benjamin Stephenson
Illinois-AL
William Hendricks R
Indiana-1
Thomas Fletcher R
Kentucky-1
Samuel McKee R
Kentucky-7
Stephen Ormsby R
Kentucky-8
Solomon P. Sharp R
Kentucky-6
Micah Taul R
Kentucky-9
Joseph Desha R
Kentucky-4
Alney McLean R
Kentucky-5
Benjamin Hardin R
Kentucky-10
Richard Mentor Johnson R
Kentucky-3
Thomas Bolling Robertson R
Louisiana-1
George Bradbury F
Massachusetts-15
Elijah Brigham F
Massachusetts-11
Benjamin Brown F
Massachusetts-16
James Carr F
Massachusetts-17
Samuel Shepard Conner R
Massachusetts-19
John Whitefield Hulbert F
Massachusetts-7
Cyrus King F
Massachusetts-14
Timothy Pickering F
Massachusetts-2
Asahel Stearns F
Massachusetts-4
Samuel Taggart F
Massachusetts-6
Artemas Ward Jr. F
Massachusetts-1
Laban Wheaton F
Massachusetts-10
Thomas Rice F
Massachusetts-18
Nathaniel Ruggles F
Massachusetts-13
Solomon Strong F
Massachusetts-12
Elijah Hunt Mills F
Massachusetts-5
Albion Keith Parris R
Massachusetts-20
William Baylies F
Massachusetts-8
George Baer Jr. F
Maryland-4
Charles Goldsborough F
Maryland-8
Nicholas Ruxton Moore R
Maryland-AL
John Carlyle Herbert F
Maryland-2
Philip Stuart F
Maryland-1
Stevenson Archer R
Maryland-6
William Pinkney R
Maryland-5
Robert Wright R
Maryland-7
George Peter F
Maryland-3
Rufus Easton
Missouri-AL
William Lattimore
Mississippi-AL
James West Clark R
North Carolina-3
Samuel Dickens R
North Carolina-8
William Gaston F
North Carolina-4
William Carter Love R
North Carolina-10
William Hardy Murfree R
North Carolina-1
Bartlett Yancey R
North Carolina-9
Joseph Hunter Bryan R
North Carolina-2
Daniel Munroe Forney R
North Carolina-11
Israel Pickens R
North Carolina-12
Charles Humphrey Atherton F
New Hampshire-AL
Ezra Baker R
New Jersey-AL
Asa Adgate R
New York-12
Daniel Avery R
New York-20
Samuel Rossiter Betts R
New York-7
James Birdsall R
New York-15
Micah Brooks R
New York-21
Daniel Cady F
New York-14
Henry Crocheron R
New York-1
Jonathan Fisk R
New York-AL
Thomas Ruggles Gold F
New York-16
Thomas Peabody Grosvenor F
New York-5
Moss Kent F
New York-18
John Lovett F
New York-9
Hosea Moffitt F
New York-10
Abraham Henry Schenck R
New York-4
Jonathan Ward R
New York-3
Westel Willoughby Jr. R
New York-17
John Barentse Yates R
New York-13
William Irving R
New York-2
James Whitney Wilkin R
New York-6
Erastus Root R
New York-8
Victory Birdseye R
New York-19
John Alexander R
Ohio-2
James Caldwell R
Ohio-4
David Clendenin R
Ohio-6
James Kilbourne R
Ohio-5
John McLean R
Ohio-1
William Creighton Jr. R
Ohio-3
David Bard R
Pennsylvania-AL
Thomas Burnside R
Pennsylvania-9
William Crawford R
Pennsylvania-5
William Findley R
Pennsylvania-11
Hugh Glasgow R
Pennsylvania-4
Isaac Griffin R
Pennsylvania-13
John Hahn R
Pennsylvania-2
Jared Irwin R
Pennsylvania-10
Aaron Lyle R
Pennsylvania-12
William Piper R
Pennsylvania-8
Thomas Smith F
Pennsylvania-1
Thomas Wilson R
Pennsylvania-15
John Woods F
Pennsylvania-14
John Ross R
Pennsylvania-6
John Whiteside R
Pennsylvania-3
Joseph Hiester R
Pennsylvania-7
John Linscom Boss Jr. F
Rhode Island-AL
John Joel Chappell R
South Carolina-4
Benjamin Huger F
South Carolina-3
William Mayrant R
South Carolina-9
Thomas Moore R
South Carolina-8
John Taylor R
South Carolina-7
William Woodward R
South Carolina-5
Henry Middleton R
South Carolina-1
William Lowndes R
South Carolina-2
John Caldwell Calhoun R
South Carolina-6
Bennett H. Henderson R
Tennessee-4
Samuel Powell R
Tennessee-1
John Sevier R
Tennessee-AL
Isaac Thomas R
Tennessee-3
William Grainger Blount R
Tennessee-2
Newton Cannon R
Tennessee-5
James Breckinridge F
Virginia-5
Matthew Clay R
Virginia-AL
John Clopton R
Virginia-23
Thomas Gholson Jr. R
Virginia-18
Aylett Hawes R
Virginia-10
John Pratt Hungerford R
Virginia-9
John George Jackson R
Virginia-1
John Kerr R
Virginia-15
Joseph Lewis Jr. F
Virginia-8
Daniel Sheffey F
Virginia-6
Magnus Tate F
Virginia-2
Peterson Goodwyn R
Virginia-19
Henry St. George Tucker R
Virginia-3
William Armisted Burwell R
Virginia-14
James Johnson R
Virginia-20
James Pleasants R
Virginia-17
Ballard Smith R
Virginia-7
Hugh Nelson R
Virginia-22
William Henry Roane R
Virginia-12
Daniel Chipman F
Vermont-AL
legislative/lawsLaws enacted
+8Congress.gov ↗
Complete lists of public laws start with the 93rd Congress (Jan 3, 1973). Earlier years show notable and landmark acts only.
8 laws recorded · 1 landmark · 7 notable
Missouri Compromise landmark
Ch. 22, Sess. 1, 16th Cong. · Mar 6, 1820
Flag Act of 1818
Ch. 34, Sess. 1, 15th Cong. · Apr 4, 1818
Navigation Act of 1818
Ch. 70, Sess. 1, 15th Cong. · Apr 18, 1818
Land Act of 1820
Ch. 51, Sess. 1, 16th Cong. · Apr 24, 1820
Relief Act of 1821
Ch. 12, Sess. 2, 16th Cong. · Mar 2, 1821
Tariff of 1824
Ch. 4, Sess. 1, 18th Cong. · Jan 7, 1824
General Survey Act
Ch. 46, Sess. 1, 18th Cong. · Apr 30, 1824
Crimes Act of 1825
Ch. 65, Sess. 2, 18th Cong. · Mar 3, 1825

Judicial3 files+299−1

judicial/supreme-courtThe Supreme Court
+1−1Federal Judicial Center ↗
Bench by appointing party: 5 JR · 2 F → 5 JR · 2 F · every justice ↗
Henry Brockholst Livingston JR
appointed by Thomas Jefferson · 1807
Smith Thompson JR
appointed by James Monroe · 1823
6 justices served on both dates
Bushrod Washington F
appointed by John Adams · 1798
John Marshall F
appointed by John Adams · 1801
William Johnson, Jr. JR
appointed by Thomas Jefferson · 1804
Thomas Todd JR
appointed by Thomas Jefferson · 1807
Gabriel Duvall JR
appointed by James Madison · 1811
Joseph Story JR
appointed by James Madison · 1811
judicial/lower-courtsAppeals & district courts
+29Federal Judicial Center ↗
Courts of appeals (active judges): →
District courts (active judges): 13 JR · 4 N( · 2 U · 2 F → 21 JR · 7 N( · 2 F
None (reassignment) N( appointed 6 judges
6 district
James Monroe JR appointed 23 judges
1 Supreme Court · 22 district
D and R describe the party of the appointing president, not the judge. Active service ends when a judge takes senior status.
judicial/rulingsSupreme Court decisions
+269Supreme Court Database ↗
269 argued decisions · 3 landmark
The Trustees of Dartmouth College v. Woodward
17 U.S. 518 · Feb 25, 1819 · Decided 5–1 · Economic Activity · Reversed · Struck down state law
McCulloch v. Maryland
17 U.S. 316 · Mar 6, 1819 · Decided 6–0 · Federalism · Reversed · Struck down state law
Gibbons v. Ogden
22 U.S. 1 · Mar 2, 1824 · Decided 5–0 · Economic Activity · Reversed
Landmark means the Court overruled precedent, struck down a federal law, or the case is on a curated landmark list.

Fiscal2 files±0

fiscal/budgetThe federal budget
OMB Historical Tables ↗
Fiscal year undefined → fiscal year undefined · inflation-adjusted with the GDP price index
fiscal/debtTotal public debt outstanding
−$40MTreasury Fiscal Data ↗
$123M
as of Jan 1, 1817
$84M
as of Jan 1, 1825

Constitution & Union1 file+5

constitution/amendmentsAmendments & statehood
+5National Archives ↗
12 → 12 amendments in force · 19 → 24 states
Mississippi joins the Union
admitted Dec 10, 1817
Illinois joins the Union
admitted Dec 3, 1818
Alabama joins the Union
admitted Dec 14, 1819
Maine joins the Union
admitted Mar 15, 1820
Missouri joins the Union
admitted Aug 10, 1821

Reverts1 file±0

revert/undoneWhat was undone
nothingFederal Register · Congress.gov · SCDB ↗
No executive orders revoked, no rules struck down by Congress, and no precedents overruled in this window (executive-order records begin in 1994).

Log1 file±0

logEverything in between
19 events
James Monroe takes office · 1817-03-04Mississippi · 1817-12-10Flag Act of 1818 · 1818-04-04Navigation Act of 1818 · 1818-04-18Illinois · 1818-12-03The Trustees of Dartmouth College v. Woodward · 1819-02-25McCulloch v. Maryland · 1819-03-06Alabama · 1819-12-14Missouri Compromise · 1820-03-06Maine · 1820-03-15Land Act of 1820 · 1820-04-24Relief Act of 1821 · 1821-03-02James Monroe takes office · 1821-03-05Missouri · 1821-08-10Smith Thompson — Associate Justice · 1823-12-09Tariff of 1824 · 1824-01-07Gibbons v. Ogden · 1824-03-02General Survey Act · 1824-04-30Crimes Act of 1825 · 1825-03-0318181819182018211822182318241825
  1. presidentJames Monroe takes office
  2. stateMississippi
  3. lawFlag Act of 1818
  4. lawNavigation Act of 1818
  5. stateIllinois
  6. rulingThe Trustees of Dartmouth College v. Woodward
  7. rulingMcCulloch v. Maryland
  8. stateAlabama
  9. lawMissouri Compromise
  10. stateMaine
  11. lawLand Act of 1820
  12. lawRelief Act of 1821
  13. presidentJames Monroe takes office
  14. stateMissouri
  15. justiceSmith Thompson — Associate Justice
  16. lawTariff of 1824
  17. rulingGibbons v. Ogden
  18. lawGeneral Survey Act
  19. lawCrimes Act of 1825