How did the United States change between and ?

Pick two dates. See the laws, the executive orders, the courts, Congress, federal agencies, the Constitution and the budget, as a diff.

Trump II so farBiden termTrump I termObama termSince 9/11Since ReaganPostwar → now
civicdiff.com/1809-03-04...1817-03-03 · 8 years json
20 files changed, 484 insertions(+), 143 deletions(−)
Laws enacted
+5
major laws · full counts from 1973
Executive orders
—
records start in 1994
Final rules
—
records start in 1994
Supreme Court
2 of 7
seats changed hands
Agencies
+0 −0
departments & tracked agencies
Public debt
+$66M
$57M → $123M

The presidency passed from Thomas Jefferson to James Madison. 36 senators and 132 representatives took seats that they did not hold before. 2 new justices joined the Supreme Court.

Executive5 files+6−7

executive/presidentThe presidency
+1−1National Archives ↗
Thomas Jefferson DR
3rd president
James Madison DR
4th president · took office Mar 4, 1809
executive/vice-presidentThe vice presidency
+1−1Senate Historical Office ↗
George Clinton DR
vacant
executive/cabinetCabinet & senior officials
+4−5Wikidata ↗
Secretary of the Treasury · 3 people took this office in between
Albert Gallatin DR
William H. Crawford DR
Secretary of War · 4 people took this office in between
Henry Dearborn DR
vacant on Mar 3, 1817
next: John C. Calhoun DR · Dec 8, 1817
Attorney General · 2 people took this office in between
Caesar Augustus Rodney DR
Richard Rush
Postmaster General
Gideon Granger DR
Return J. Meigs Jr. DR
Other senior officials (1 changed)
Postmaster General
Gideon Granger DR
Return J. Meigs Jr. DR
executive/ordersExecutive orders
no dataFederal Register API ↗
Federal Register records of executive orders begin in 1994.
executive/agenciesFederal agencies
±0Wikidata ↗
20 → 20 tracked organizations · 5 → 5 executive departments
No agencies created or abolished in this window.
Agency start and end dates come from Wikidata, which covers smaller bureaus unevenly.

Military3 files+1

military/conflictsArmed conflicts
±0UCDP/PRIO Armed Conflict Dataset ↗
U.S. in 0 armed conflicts → 0
The U.S. was not a party to any armed conflict in this window (conflict records start in 1946).
An armed conflict here means at least 25 battle deaths in a year, with U.S. forces as a party or fighting for a government (UCDP's definition). Air strikes, raids, and advisory missions below that threshold aren't included. UN peacekeeping missions are excluded.
military/spendingCost of war
1 warDoD Cost of War reports · CRS ↗
Lifetime cost of wars fought in this window · constant FY2011 dollars (CRS)
War of 1812 $1.6B
2.2% of GDP in its peak year · 1812–1815
Operation spending is what the Defense Department obligated to each named operation in each fiscal year, from its Cost of War reports; it excludes State Department and USAID programs, veterans' care, interest, and base budgets. Lifetime costs are the Congressional Research Service's estimates of direct military spending for each war, in FY2011 dollars.
military/authorizationsDeclarations of war & authorizations
+1Senate Historical Office ↗
Declaration of war on the United Kingdom
Jun 18, 1812 · War of 1812.

Legislative4 files+173−133

legislative/controlControl of Congress
1 changeHouse History / Senate Historical Office ↗
Top: House · Bottom: Senate DemocraticRepublicanOther
10th Congress → 14th Congress · 4 new Congresses elected
1 change of chamber control along the way
House: Republican majority
97 R · 18 F
House: null majority
102 R · 43 F
Senate: Republican majority on both dates
28 R · 6 F → 24 R · 13 F
legislative/senateSenate
+36−32congress-legislators ↗
Mar 4, 1809 · 28 R · 6 F
James Hillhouse (Federalist, CT)Chauncey Goodrich (Federalist, CT)Samuel White (Federalist, DE)James Asheton Bayard Sr. (Federalist, DE)James Lloyd (Federalist, MA)Timothy Pickering (Federalist, MA)John Milledge (Republican, GA)William Harris Crawford (Republican, GA)Buckner Thruston (Republican, KY)John Pope (Republican, KY)Samuel Smith (Republican, MD)Philip Reed (Republican, MD)James Turner (Republican, NC)Jesse Franklin (Republican, NC)Nicholas Gilman (Republican, NH)Nahum Parker (Republican, NH)John Condit (Republican, NJ)Aaron Kitchell (Republican, NJ)Samuel Latham Mitchill (Republican, NY)John Smith (Republican, NY)Return Jonathan Meigs Jr. (Republican, OH)Edward Tiffin (Republican, OH)Samuel Maclay (Republican, PA)Andrew Gregg (Republican, PA)Benjamin Howland (Republican, RI)Elisha Mathewson (Republican, RI)Thomas Sumter (Republican, SC)John Gaillard (Republican, SC)Joseph Anderson (Republican, TN)Daniel Smith (Republican, TN)Andrew Moore (Republican, VA)William Branch Giles (Republican, VA)Jonathan Robinson (Republican, VT)Stephen Row Bradley (Republican, VT)
Mar 3, 1817 · 24 R · 13 F · 1 DR
Joseph Bradley Varnum (Democratic Republican, MA)David Daggett (Federalist, CT)Samuel Whittlesey Dana (Federalist, CT)William Hill Wells (Federalist, DE)Outerbridge Horsey (Federalist, DE)Martin D. Hardin (Federalist, KY)Eli Porter Ashmun (Federalist, MA)Robert Henry Goldsborough (Federalist, MD)Alexander Contee Hanson (Federalist, MD)Jeremiah Mason (Federalist, NH)Thomas Weston Thompson (Federalist, NH)Rufus King (Federalist, NY)William Hunter (Federalist, RI)Isaac Tichenor (Federalist, VT)Charles Tait (Republican, GA)George Michael Troup (Republican, GA)Waller Taylor (Republican, IN)James Noble (Republican, IN)Isham Talbot (Republican, KY)James Brown (Republican, LA)Eligius Fromentin (Republican, LA)Montfort Stokes (Republican, NC)Nathaniel Macon (Republican, NC)John Condit (Republican, NJ)James Jefferson Wilson (Republican, NJ)Nathan Sanford (Republican, NY)Jeremiah Morrow (Republican, OH)Benjamin Ruggles (Republican, OH)Abner Lacock (Republican, PA)Jonathan Roberts (Republican, PA)Jeremiah Brown Howell (Republican, RI)John Gaillard (Republican, SC)William Smith (Republican, SC)John Williams (Republican, TN)George Washington Campbell (Republican, TN)James Barbour (Republican, VA)Armistead Thomson Mason (Republican, VA)Dudley Chase (Republican, VT)
36 new members · 32 departed · 2 served on both dates · women 0 → 0 · median age 53 → 47
9 seats changed party
Timothy Pickering F
Massachusetts seat
Joseph Bradley Varnum DR
Massachusetts seat
Nahum Parker R
New Hampshire seat
Jeremiah Mason F
New Hampshire seat
John Smith R
New York seat
Rufus King F
New York seat
Philip Reed R
Maryland seat
Robert Henry Goldsborough F
Maryland seat
Show 5 more seat flips
Buckner Thruston R
Kentucky seat
Martin D. Hardin F
Kentucky seat
Nicholas Gilman R
New Hampshire seat
Thomas Weston Thompson F
New Hampshire seat
Benjamin Howland R
Rhode Island seat
William Hunter F
Rhode Island seat
Jonathan Robinson R
Vermont seat
Isaac Tichenor F
Vermont seat
Samuel Smith R
Maryland seat
Alexander Contee Hanson F
Maryland seat
Who joined and who left (36 in · 32 out)
David Daggett F
Connecticut
Samuel Whittlesey Dana F
Connecticut
William Hill Wells F
Delaware
Outerbridge Horsey F
Delaware
Charles Tait R
Georgia
George Michael Troup R
Georgia
Waller Taylor R
Indiana
James Noble R
Indiana
Martin D. Hardin F
Kentucky
Isham Talbot R
Kentucky
James Brown R
Louisiana
Eligius Fromentin R
Louisiana
Joseph Bradley Varnum DR
Massachusetts
Eli Porter Ashmun F
Massachusetts
Robert Henry Goldsborough F
Maryland
Alexander Contee Hanson F
Maryland
Montfort Stokes R
North Carolina
Nathaniel Macon R
North Carolina
Jeremiah Mason F
New Hampshire
Thomas Weston Thompson F
New Hampshire
James Jefferson Wilson R
New Jersey
Rufus King F
New York
Nathan Sanford R
New York
Jeremiah Morrow R
Ohio
Benjamin Ruggles R
Ohio
Abner Lacock R
Pennsylvania
Jonathan Roberts R
Pennsylvania
Jeremiah Brown Howell R
Rhode Island
William Hunter F
Rhode Island
William Smith R
South Carolina
John Williams R
Tennessee
George Washington Campbell R
Tennessee
James Barbour R
Virginia
Armistead Thomson Mason R
Virginia
Dudley Chase R
Vermont
Isaac Tichenor F
Vermont
James Hillhouse F
Connecticut
Chauncey Goodrich F
Connecticut
Samuel White F
Delaware
James Asheton Bayard Sr. F
Delaware
John Milledge R
Georgia
William Harris Crawford R
Georgia
Buckner Thruston R
Kentucky
John Pope R
Kentucky
James Lloyd F
Massachusetts
Timothy Pickering F
Massachusetts
Samuel Smith R
Maryland
Philip Reed R
Maryland
James Turner R
North Carolina
Jesse Franklin R
North Carolina
Nicholas Gilman R
New Hampshire
Nahum Parker R
New Hampshire
Aaron Kitchell R
New Jersey
Samuel Latham Mitchill R
New York
John Smith R
New York
Return Jonathan Meigs Jr. R
Ohio
Edward Tiffin R
Ohio
Samuel Maclay R
Pennsylvania
Andrew Gregg R
Pennsylvania
Benjamin Howland R
Rhode Island
Elisha Mathewson R
Rhode Island
Thomas Sumter R
South Carolina
Joseph Anderson R
Tennessee
Daniel Smith R
Tennessee
Andrew Moore R
Virginia
William Branch Giles R
Virginia
Jonathan Robinson R
Vermont
Stephen Row Bradley R
Vermont
legislative/houseHouse
+132−101congress-legislators ↗
Mar 4, 1809 · 97 R · 18 F · 2 U · 1 DR
Benjamin Parke (?, IN-AL)Joseph Bradley Varnum (Democratic Republican, MA-4)George Poindexter (?, MS-AL)Epaphroditus Champion (Federalist, CT-AL)James Madison Broom (Federalist, DE-AL)Edward St. Loe Livermore (Federalist, MA-3)William Stedman (Federalist, MA-11)Jabez Upham (Federalist, MA-10)Josiah Quincy (Federalist, MA-1)William Ely (Federalist, MA-5)Samuel Taggart (Federalist, MA-6)John Campbell (Federalist, MD-1)Philip Barton Key (Federalist, MD-3)Charles Goldsborough (Federalist, MD-8)John Culpepper (Federalist, NC-7)Barent Gardenier (Federalist, NY-7)Killian Killian Van Rensselaer (Federalist, NY-9)James Kelly (Federalist, PA-6)Joseph Lewis Jr. (Federalist, VA-7)James Elliott (Federalist, VT-2)Martin Chittenden (Federalist, VT-4)Dennis Smelt (Republican, GA-AL)John Boyle (Republican, KY-2)Benjamin Howard (Republican, KY-5)Matthew Lyon (Republican, KY-1)Joseph Desha (Republican, KY-6)John Rowan (Republican, KY-3)Richard Mentor Johnson (Republican, KY-4)Joseph Barker (Republican, MA-7)Barnabas Bidwell (Republican, MA-AL)Jacob Crowninshield (Republican, MA-2)Josiah Dean (Republican, MA-9)Daniel Ilsley (Republican, MA-15)Orchard Cook (Republican, MA-16)Ezekiel Bacon (Republican, MA-12)Richard Cutts (Republican, MA-14)Isaiah Lewis Green (Republican, MA-8)Ebenezer Seaver (Republican, MA-13)John Chandler (Republican, MA-17)William McCreery (Republican, MD-5)Roger Nelson (Republican, MD-4)Archibald Van Horne (Republican, MD-2)John Montgomery (Republican, MD-6)Edward Lloyd (Republican, MD-7)Evan Shelby Alexander (Republican, NC-10)Marmaduke Williams (Republican, NC-9)James Holland (Republican, NC-11)Thomas Kenan (Republican, NC-5)William Blackledge (Republican, NC-4)Thomas Blount (Republican, NC-3)Meshack Franklin (Republican, NC-12)Richard Stanford (Republican, NC-8)Nathaniel Macon (Republican, NC-6)Lemuel Sawyer (Republican, NC-1)Willis Alston (Republican, NC-2)Peter Carleton (Republican, NH-AL)Ezra Darby (Republican, NJ-AL)John Blake Jr. (Republican, NY-5)George Clinton (Republican, NY-2)John Harris (Republican, NY-17)Reuben Humphrey (Republican, NY-16)William Kirkpatrick (Republican, NY-15)Josiah Masters (Republican, NY-10)Samuel Riker (Republican, NY-1)John Russell (Republican, NY-14)Peter Swart (Republican, NY-13)David Thomas (Republican, NY-12)James Isaac Van Alen (Republican, NY-8)Philip Van Cortlandt (Republican, NY-4)Daniel Crommelin Verplanck (Republican, NY-6)Gurdon Saltonstall Mumford (Republican, NY-3)John Thompson (Republican, NY-11)Jeremiah Morrow (Republican, OH-1)Joseph Clay (Republican, PA-1)John Hiester (Republican, PA-3)William Hoge (Republican, PA-10)Daniel Montgomery Jr. (Republican, PA-5)John Pugh (Republican, PA-2)Samuel Smith (Republican, PA-11)John Smilie (Republican, PA-9)John Rea (Republican, PA-7)Robert Whitehill (Republican, PA-4)William Findley (Republican, PA-8)Nehemiah Knight (Republican, RI-AL)Lemuel James Alston (Republican, SC-8)Joseph Calhoun (Republican, SC-6)Robert Marion (Republican, SC-1)John Taylor (Republican, SC-4)William Butler (Republican, SC-2)David Rogerson Williams (Republican, SC-3)Richard Winn (Republican, SC-5)Thomas Moore (Republican, SC-7)Jesse Wharton (Republican, TN-3)George Washington Campbell (Republican, TN-2)John Rhea (Republican, TN-1)John Claiborne (Republican, VA-17)James Mercer Garnett (Republican, VA-11)John Morrow (Republican, VA-2)Abram Trigg (Republican, VA-6)Alexander Wilson (Republican, VA-5)Walter Jones (Republican, VA-8)John Love (Republican, VA-9)Wilson Cary Nicholas (Republican, VA-21)Edwin Gray (Republican, VA-19)John Dawson (Republican, VA-10)John Smith (Republican, VA-3)Matthew Clay (Republican, VA-14)John Clopton (Republican, VA-22)John George Jackson (Republican, VA-1)John Wayles Eppes (Republican, VA-16)Peterson Goodwyn (Republican, VA-18)William Armisted Burwell (Republican, VA-13)David Holmes (Republican, VA-4)Burwell Bassett (Republican, VA-12)Thomas Newton Jr. (Republican, VA-20)John Randolph (Republican, VA-15)James Witherell (Republican, VT-1)James Fisk (Republican, VT-3)
Mar 3, 1817 · 102 R · 43 F · 4 U
Benjamin Stephenson (?, IL-AL)Jonathan Jennings (?, IN-AL)Rufus Easton (?, MO-AL)William Lattimore (?, MS-AL)Epaphroditus Champion (Federalist, CT-AL)Thomas Cooper (Federalist, DE-AL)George Bradbury (Federalist, MA-15)Elijah Brigham (Federalist, MA-11)Benjamin Brown (Federalist, MA-16)James Carr (Federalist, MA-17)John Whitefield Hulbert (Federalist, MA-7)Cyrus King (Federalist, MA-14)Timothy Pickering (Federalist, MA-2)Asahel Stearns (Federalist, MA-4)Samuel Taggart (Federalist, MA-6)Artemas Ward Jr. (Federalist, MA-1)Laban Wheaton (Federalist, MA-10)Thomas Rice (Federalist, MA-18)Nathaniel Ruggles (Federalist, MA-13)Solomon Strong (Federalist, MA-12)Elijah Hunt Mills (Federalist, MA-5)Jeremiah Nelson (Federalist, MA-3)William Baylies (Federalist, MA-8)John Reed (Federalist, MA-9)George Baer Jr. (Federalist, MD-4)Charles Goldsborough (Federalist, MD-8)John Carlyle Herbert (Federalist, MD-2)Philip Stuart (Federalist, MD-1)George Peter (Federalist, MD-3)William Gaston (Federalist, NC-4)John Culpepper (Federalist, NC-7)Charles Humphrey Atherton (Federalist, NH-AL)Daniel Cady (Federalist, NY-14)Thomas Ruggles Gold (Federalist, NY-16)Thomas Peabody Grosvenor (Federalist, NY-5)Moss Kent (Federalist, NY-18)John Lovett (Federalist, NY-9)Hosea Moffitt (Federalist, NY-10)Thomas Smith (Federalist, PA-1)John Woods (Federalist, PA-14)John Linscom Boss Jr. (Federalist, RI-AL)Benjamin Huger (Federalist, SC-3)James Breckinridge (Federalist, VA-5)Joseph Lewis Jr. (Federalist, VA-8)Daniel Sheffey (Federalist, VA-6)Magnus Tate (Federalist, VA-2)Daniel Chipman (Federalist, VT-AL)Bolling Hall (Republican, GA-AL)William Hendricks (Republican, IN-1)Thomas Fletcher (Republican, KY-1)Samuel McKee (Republican, KY-7)Stephen Ormsby (Republican, KY-8)Solomon P. Sharp (Republican, KY-6)Micah Taul (Republican, KY-9)Joseph Desha (Republican, KY-4)Alney McLean (Republican, KY-5)Benjamin Hardin (Republican, KY-10)Richard Mentor Johnson (Republican, KY-3)Henry Clay (Republican, KY-2)Thomas Bolling Robertson (Republican, LA-1)Samuel Shepard Conner (Republican, MA-19)Albion Keith Parris (Republican, MA-20)Nicholas Ruxton Moore (Republican, MD-AL)Stevenson Archer (Republican, MD-6)William Pinkney (Republican, MD-5)Robert Wright (Republican, MD-7)James West Clark (Republican, NC-3)Samuel Dickens (Republican, NC-8)William Carter Love (Republican, NC-10)William Hardy Murfree (Republican, NC-1)Bartlett Yancey (Republican, NC-9)Joseph Hunter Bryan (Republican, NC-2)Daniel Munroe Forney (Republican, NC-11)Israel Pickens (Republican, NC-12)Lewis Williams (Republican, NC-13)Weldon Nathaniel Edwards (Republican, NC-6)Charles Hooks (Republican, NC-5)Ezra Baker (Republican, NJ-AL)Asa Adgate (Republican, NY-12)Daniel Avery (Republican, NY-20)Samuel Rossiter Betts (Republican, NY-7)James Birdsall (Republican, NY-15)Micah Brooks (Republican, NY-21)Henry Crocheron (Republican, NY-1)Jonathan Fisk (Republican, NY-AL)Abraham Henry Schenck (Republican, NY-4)Jonathan Ward (Republican, NY-3)Westel Willoughby Jr. (Republican, NY-17)John Barentse Yates (Republican, NY-13)William Irving (Republican, NY-2)James Whitney Wilkin (Republican, NY-6)Erastus Root (Republican, NY-8)John W. Taylor (Republican, NY-11)Victory Birdseye (Republican, NY-19)John Alexander (Republican, OH-2)James Caldwell (Republican, OH-4)David Clendenin (Republican, OH-6)James Kilbourne (Republican, OH-5)John McLean (Republican, OH-1)William Creighton Jr. (Republican, OH-3)David Bard (Republican, PA-AL)Thomas Burnside (Republican, PA-9)William Crawford (Republican, PA-5)William Findley (Republican, PA-11)Hugh Glasgow (Republican, PA-4)Isaac Griffin (Republican, PA-13)John Hahn (Republican, PA-2)Jared Irwin (Republican, PA-10)Aaron Lyle (Republican, PA-12)William Piper (Republican, PA-8)Thomas Wilson (Republican, PA-15)John Ross (Republican, PA-6)John Whiteside (Republican, PA-3)Joseph Hiester (Republican, PA-7)John Joel Chappell (Republican, SC-4)William Mayrant (Republican, SC-9)Thomas Moore (Republican, SC-8)John Taylor (Republican, SC-7)William Woodward (Republican, SC-5)Henry Middleton (Republican, SC-1)William Lowndes (Republican, SC-2)John Caldwell Calhoun (Republican, SC-6)Bennett H. Henderson (Republican, TN-4)Samuel Powell (Republican, TN-1)John Sevier (Republican, TN-AL)Isaac Thomas (Republican, TN-3)William Grainger Blount (Republican, TN-2)Newton Cannon (Republican, TN-5)James B. Reynolds (Republican, TN-6)Matthew Clay (Republican, VA-AL)John Clopton (Republican, VA-23)Thomas Gholson Jr. (Republican, VA-18)Aylett Hawes (Republican, VA-10)John Pratt Hungerford (Republican, VA-9)John George Jackson (Republican, VA-1)John Kerr (Republican, VA-15)Peterson Goodwyn (Republican, VA-19)Henry St. George Tucker (Republican, VA-3)William Armisted Burwell (Republican, VA-14)James Johnson (Republican, VA-20)James Pleasants (Republican, VA-17)Ballard Smith (Republican, VA-7)Hugh Nelson (Republican, VA-22)Burwell Bassett (Republican, VA-13)Philip Pendleton Barbour (Republican, VA-11)William McCoy (Republican, VA-4)Thomas Newton Jr. (Republican, VA-21)John Randolph (Republican, VA-16)William Henry Roane (Republican, VA-12)
132 new members · 101 departed · 17 served on both dates · women 0 → 0 · median age 45 → 43
17 state delegations changed
Show delegation changes
Illinois 0 D · 0 R
Illinois 0 D · 0 R · 1 other
Indiana 0 D · 0 R · 1 other
Indiana 0 D · 1 R · 1 other
Kentucky 0 D · 6 R
Kentucky 0 D · 10 R
Louisiana 0 D · 0 R
Louisiana 0 D · 1 R
Massachusetts 0 D · 11 R · 7 other
Massachusetts 0 D · 2 R · 18 other
Maryland 0 D · 5 R · 3 other
Maryland 0 D · 4 R · 5 other
Missouri 0 D · 0 R
Missouri 0 D · 0 R · 1 other
North Carolina 0 D · 11 R · 1 other
North Carolina 0 D · 11 R · 2 other
New Hampshire 0 D · 1 R
New Hampshire 0 D · 0 R · 1 other
New York 0 D · 15 R · 2 other
New York 0 D · 16 R · 6 other
Ohio 0 D · 1 R
Ohio 0 D · 6 R
Pennsylvania 0 D · 10 R · 1 other
Pennsylvania 0 D · 14 R · 2 other
Rhode Island 0 D · 1 R
Rhode Island 0 D · 0 R · 1 other
South Carolina 0 D · 8 R
South Carolina 0 D · 8 R · 1 other
Tennessee 0 D · 3 R
Tennessee 0 D · 7 R
Virginia 0 D · 21 R · 1 other
Virginia 0 D · 20 R · 4 other
Vermont 0 D · 2 R · 2 other
Vermont 0 D · 0 R · 1 other
Who joined and who left (132 in · 101 out)
Thomas Cooper F
Delaware-AL
Bolling Hall R
Georgia-AL
Benjamin Stephenson
Illinois-AL
Jonathan Jennings
Indiana-AL
William Hendricks R
Indiana-1
Thomas Fletcher R
Kentucky-1
Samuel McKee R
Kentucky-7
Stephen Ormsby R
Kentucky-8
Solomon P. Sharp R
Kentucky-6
Micah Taul R
Kentucky-9
Alney McLean R
Kentucky-5
Benjamin Hardin R
Kentucky-10
Henry Clay R
Kentucky-2
Thomas Bolling Robertson R
Louisiana-1
George Bradbury F
Massachusetts-15
Elijah Brigham F
Massachusetts-11
Benjamin Brown F
Massachusetts-16
James Carr F
Massachusetts-17
Samuel Shepard Conner R
Massachusetts-19
John Whitefield Hulbert F
Massachusetts-7
Cyrus King F
Massachusetts-14
Timothy Pickering F
Massachusetts-2
Asahel Stearns F
Massachusetts-4
Artemas Ward Jr. F
Massachusetts-1
Laban Wheaton F
Massachusetts-10
Thomas Rice F
Massachusetts-18
Nathaniel Ruggles F
Massachusetts-13
Solomon Strong F
Massachusetts-12
Elijah Hunt Mills F
Massachusetts-5
Albion Keith Parris R
Massachusetts-20
Jeremiah Nelson F
Massachusetts-3
William Baylies F
Massachusetts-8
John Reed F
Massachusetts-9
George Baer Jr. F
Maryland-4
Nicholas Ruxton Moore R
Maryland-AL
John Carlyle Herbert F
Maryland-2
Philip Stuart F
Maryland-1
Stevenson Archer R
Maryland-6
William Pinkney R
Maryland-5
Robert Wright R
Maryland-7
George Peter F
Maryland-3
Rufus Easton
Missouri-AL
William Lattimore
Mississippi-AL
James West Clark R
North Carolina-3
Samuel Dickens R
North Carolina-8
William Gaston F
North Carolina-4
William Carter Love R
North Carolina-10
William Hardy Murfree R
North Carolina-1
Bartlett Yancey R
North Carolina-9
Joseph Hunter Bryan R
North Carolina-2
Daniel Munroe Forney R
North Carolina-11
Israel Pickens R
North Carolina-12
Lewis Williams R
North Carolina-13
Weldon Nathaniel Edwards R
North Carolina-6
Charles Hooks R
North Carolina-5
Charles Humphrey Atherton F
New Hampshire-AL
Ezra Baker R
New Jersey-AL
Asa Adgate R
New York-12
Daniel Avery R
New York-20
Samuel Rossiter Betts R
New York-7
James Birdsall R
New York-15
Micah Brooks R
New York-21
Daniel Cady F
New York-14
Henry Crocheron R
New York-1
Jonathan Fisk R
New York-AL
Thomas Ruggles Gold F
New York-16
Thomas Peabody Grosvenor F
New York-5
Moss Kent F
New York-18
John Lovett F
New York-9
Hosea Moffitt F
New York-10
Abraham Henry Schenck R
New York-4
Jonathan Ward R
New York-3
Westel Willoughby Jr. R
New York-17
John Barentse Yates R
New York-13
William Irving R
New York-2
James Whitney Wilkin R
New York-6
Erastus Root R
New York-8
John W. Taylor R
New York-11
Victory Birdseye R
New York-19
John Alexander R
Ohio-2
James Caldwell R
Ohio-4
David Clendenin R
Ohio-6
James Kilbourne R
Ohio-5
John McLean R
Ohio-1
William Creighton Jr. R
Ohio-3
David Bard R
Pennsylvania-AL
Thomas Burnside R
Pennsylvania-9
William Crawford R
Pennsylvania-5
Hugh Glasgow R
Pennsylvania-4
Isaac Griffin R
Pennsylvania-13
John Hahn R
Pennsylvania-2
Jared Irwin R
Pennsylvania-10
Aaron Lyle R
Pennsylvania-12
William Piper R
Pennsylvania-8
Thomas Smith F
Pennsylvania-1
Thomas Wilson R
Pennsylvania-15
John Woods F
Pennsylvania-14
John Ross R
Pennsylvania-6
John Whiteside R
Pennsylvania-3
Joseph Hiester R
Pennsylvania-7
John Linscom Boss Jr. F
Rhode Island-AL
John Joel Chappell R
South Carolina-4
Benjamin Huger F
South Carolina-3
William Mayrant R
South Carolina-9
John Taylor R
South Carolina-7
William Woodward R
South Carolina-5
Henry Middleton R
South Carolina-1
William Lowndes R
South Carolina-2
John Caldwell Calhoun R
South Carolina-6
Bennett H. Henderson R
Tennessee-4
Samuel Powell R
Tennessee-1
John Sevier R
Tennessee-AL
Isaac Thomas R
Tennessee-3
William Grainger Blount R
Tennessee-2
Newton Cannon R
Tennessee-5
James B. Reynolds R
Tennessee-6
James Breckinridge F
Virginia-5
Thomas Gholson Jr. R
Virginia-18
Aylett Hawes R
Virginia-10
John Pratt Hungerford R
Virginia-9
John Kerr R
Virginia-15
Daniel Sheffey F
Virginia-6
Magnus Tate F
Virginia-2
Henry St. George Tucker R
Virginia-3
James Johnson R
Virginia-20
James Pleasants R
Virginia-17
Ballard Smith R
Virginia-7
Hugh Nelson R
Virginia-22
Philip Pendleton Barbour R
Virginia-11
William McCoy R
Virginia-4
William Henry Roane R
Virginia-12
Daniel Chipman F
Vermont-AL
James Madison Broom F
Delaware-AL
Dennis Smelt R
Georgia-AL
Benjamin Parke
Indiana-AL
John Boyle R
Kentucky-2
Benjamin Howard R
Kentucky-5
Matthew Lyon R
Kentucky-1
John Rowan R
Kentucky-3
Joseph Barker R
Massachusetts-7
Barnabas Bidwell R
Massachusetts-AL
Jacob Crowninshield R
Massachusetts-2
Josiah Dean R
Massachusetts-9
Daniel Ilsley R
Massachusetts-15
Orchard Cook R
Massachusetts-16
Edward St. Loe Livermore F
Massachusetts-3
William Stedman F
Massachusetts-11
Jabez Upham F
Massachusetts-10
Ezekiel Bacon R
Massachusetts-12
Richard Cutts R
Massachusetts-14
Isaiah Lewis Green R
Massachusetts-8
Josiah Quincy F
Massachusetts-1
Ebenezer Seaver R
Massachusetts-13
Joseph Bradley Varnum DR
Massachusetts-4
William Ely F
Massachusetts-5
John Chandler R
Massachusetts-17
William McCreery R
Maryland-5
John Campbell F
Maryland-1
Roger Nelson R
Maryland-4
Archibald Van Horne R
Maryland-2
Philip Barton Key F
Maryland-3
John Montgomery R
Maryland-6
Edward Lloyd R
Maryland-7
George Poindexter
Mississippi-AL
Evan Shelby Alexander R
North Carolina-10
Marmaduke Williams R
North Carolina-9
James Holland R
North Carolina-11
Thomas Kenan R
North Carolina-5
William Blackledge R
North Carolina-4
Thomas Blount R
North Carolina-3
Meshack Franklin R
North Carolina-12
Richard Stanford R
North Carolina-8
Nathaniel Macon R
North Carolina-6
Lemuel Sawyer R
North Carolina-1
Willis Alston R
North Carolina-2
Peter Carleton R
New Hampshire-AL
Ezra Darby R
New Jersey-AL
John Blake Jr. R
New York-5
George Clinton R
New York-2
John Harris R
New York-17
Reuben Humphrey R
New York-16
William Kirkpatrick R
New York-15
Josiah Masters R
New York-10
Samuel Riker R
New York-1
John Russell R
New York-14
Peter Swart R
New York-13
David Thomas R
New York-12
James Isaac Van Alen R
New York-8
Philip Van Cortlandt R
New York-4
Daniel Crommelin Verplanck R
New York-6
Barent Gardenier F
New York-7
Gurdon Saltonstall Mumford R
New York-3
John Thompson R
New York-11
Killian Killian Van Rensselaer F
New York-9
Jeremiah Morrow R
Ohio-1
Joseph Clay R
Pennsylvania-1
John Hiester R
Pennsylvania-3
William Hoge R
Pennsylvania-10
James Kelly F
Pennsylvania-6
Daniel Montgomery Jr. R
Pennsylvania-5
John Pugh R
Pennsylvania-2
Samuel Smith R
Pennsylvania-11
John Smilie R
Pennsylvania-9
John Rea R
Pennsylvania-7
Robert Whitehill R
Pennsylvania-4
Nehemiah Knight R
Rhode Island-AL
Lemuel James Alston R
South Carolina-8
Joseph Calhoun R
South Carolina-6
Robert Marion R
South Carolina-1
John Taylor R
South Carolina-4
William Butler R
South Carolina-2
David Rogerson Williams R
South Carolina-3
Richard Winn R
South Carolina-5
Jesse Wharton R
Tennessee-3
George Washington Campbell R
Tennessee-2
John Rhea R
Tennessee-1
John Claiborne R
Virginia-17
James Mercer Garnett R
Virginia-11
John Morrow R
Virginia-2
Abram Trigg R
Virginia-6
Alexander Wilson R
Virginia-5
Walter Jones R
Virginia-8
John Love R
Virginia-9
Wilson Cary Nicholas R
Virginia-21
Edwin Gray R
Virginia-19
John Dawson R
Virginia-10
John Smith R
Virginia-3
John Wayles Eppes R
Virginia-16
David Holmes R
Virginia-4
James Elliott F
Vermont-2
James Witherell R
Vermont-1
Martin Chittenden F
Vermont-4
James Fisk R
Vermont-3
legislative/lawsLaws enacted
+5Congress.gov ↗
Complete lists of public laws start with the 93rd Congress (Jan 3, 1973). Earlier years show notable and landmark acts only.
5 laws recorded · 0 landmark · 5 notable
Macon's Bill Number 2
Ch. 39, Sess. 2, 11th Cong. · May 1, 1810
Flotilla Service Act of 1814
Ch. 59, Sess. 2, 13th Cong. · Apr 16, 1814
Establishment of the Second Bank of the United States
Apr 10, 1816
Second Bank of the United States
Ch. 94, Sess. 1, 14th Cong. · Apr 10, 1816
Dallas tariff
Ch. 107, Sess. 1, 14th Cong. · Apr 27, 1816

Judicial3 files+302−2

judicial/supreme-courtThe Supreme Court
+2−2Federal Judicial Center ↗
Bench by appointing party: 3 JR · 2 U · 2 F → 5 JR · 2 F · every justice ↗
William Cushing
appointed by George Washington · 1789
Samuel Chase
appointed by George Washington · 1796
Gabriel Duvall JR
appointed by James Madison · 1811
Joseph Story JR
appointed by James Madison · 1811
5 justices served on both dates
Bushrod Washington F
appointed by John Adams · 1798
John Marshall F
appointed by John Adams · 1801
William Johnson, Jr. JR
appointed by Thomas Jefferson · 1804
Henry Brockholst Livingston JR
appointed by Thomas Jefferson · 1807
Thomas Todd JR
appointed by Thomas Jefferson · 1807
judicial/lower-courtsAppeals & district courts
+16Federal Judicial Center ↗
Courts of appeals (active judges): →
District courts (active judges): 9 JR · 6 U · 3 N( · 2 F → 13 JR · 4 N( · 2 U · 2 F
James Madison JR appointed 14 judges
2 Supreme Court · 10 district · 2 other
None (reassignment) N( appointed 2 judges
2 district
D and R describe the party of the appointing president, not the judge. Active service ends when a judge takes senior status.
judicial/rulingsSupreme Court decisions
+284Supreme Court Database ↗
284 argued decisions · 2 landmark
Fletcher v. Peck
10 U.S. 87 · Mar 16, 1810 · Decided 4–1 · Economic Activity · Affirmed · Struck down state law
Martin v. Hunter's Lessee
14 U.S. 304 · Mar 20, 1816 · Decided 6–0 · Judicial Power · Reversed
Landmark means the Court overruled precedent, struck down a federal law, or the case is on a curated landmark list.

Fiscal2 files±0

fiscal/budgetThe federal budget
OMB Historical Tables ↗
Fiscal year undefined → fiscal year undefined · inflation-adjusted with the GDP price index
fiscal/debtTotal public debt outstanding
+$66MTreasury Fiscal Data ↗
$57M
as of Jan 1, 1809
$123M
as of Jan 1, 1817

Constitution & Union1 file+2

constitution/amendmentsAmendments & statehood
+2National Archives ↗
12 → 12 amendments in force · 17 → 19 states
Louisiana joins the Union
admitted Apr 30, 1812
Indiana joins the Union
admitted Dec 11, 1816

Reverts1 file−1

revert/undoneWhat was undone
−1Federal Register · Congress.gov · SCDB ↗
0 executive orders revoked or superseded · 0 rules struck down by Congress · 1 Supreme Court precedent overruled
1 decision that overruled precedent
Hudson and Smith v. Guestier
Mar 17, 1810 · 4-1 · Judicial Power
Revocations are full revocations or supersessions recorded in the Federal Register (partial amendments aren't counted), and those records begin in 1994. Congressional Review Act disapprovals are identified by title. Laws repealed outright aren't tracked yet. Agencies abolished are in the Executive section.

Log1 file±0

logEverything in between
14 events
James Madison takes office · 1809-03-04Fletcher v. Peck · 1810-03-16Macon's Bill Number 2 · 1810-05-01Gabriel Duvall — Associate Justice · 1811-11-18Joseph Story — Associate Justice · 1811-11-18Louisiana · 1812-04-30Declaration of war on the United Kingdom · 1812-06-18James Madison takes office · 1813-03-04Flotilla Service Act of 1814 · 1814-04-16Martin v. Hunter's Lessee · 1816-03-20Establishment of the Second Bank of the United States · 1816-04-10Second Bank of the United States · 1816-04-10Dallas tariff · 1816-04-27Indiana · 1816-12-1118101811181218131814181518161817
  1. presidentJames Madison takes office
  2. rulingFletcher v. Peck
  3. lawMacon's Bill Number 2
  4. justiceGabriel Duvall — Associate Justice
  5. justiceJoseph Story — Associate Justice
  6. stateLouisiana
  7. war powersDeclaration of war on the United Kingdom
  8. presidentJames Madison takes office
  9. lawFlotilla Service Act of 1814
  10. rulingMartin v. Hunter's Lessee
  11. lawEstablishment of the Second Bank of the United States
  12. lawSecond Bank of the United States
  13. lawDallas tariff
  14. stateIndiana