How did the United States change between and ?

Pick two dates. See the laws, the executive orders, the courts, Congress, federal agencies, the Constitution and the budget, as a diff.

Trump II so farBiden termTrump I termObama termSince 9/11Since ReaganPostwar → now
civicdiff.com/1801-03-04...1809-03-03 · 8 years json
18 files changed, 324 insertions(+), 119 deletions(−)
Laws enacted
+11
major laws · full counts from 1973
Executive orders
—
records start in 1994
Final rules
—
records start in 1994
Supreme Court
3 of 7
seats changed hands
Agencies
+1 −0
departments & tracked agencies
Public debt
−$26M
$83M → $57M

The presidency passed from John Adams to Thomas Jefferson. 31 senators and 104 representatives took seats that they did not hold before. 3 new justices joined the Supreme Court. 1 constitutional amendment was ratified.

Executive5 files+8−7

executive/presidentThe presidency
+1−1National Archives ↗
John Adams F
2nd president
Thomas Jefferson DR
3rd president · took office Mar 4, 1801
executive/vice-presidentThe vice presidency
+1−1Senate Historical Office ↗
Thomas Jefferson DR
George Clinton DR
took office Mar 4, 1805
executive/cabinetCabinet & senior officials
+5−5Wikidata ↗
Secretary of the Treasury
Samuel Dexter F
Albert Gallatin DR
Secretary of War
Henry Dearborn DR
Attorney General · 3 people took this office in between
Caesar Augustus Rodney DR
Postmaster General
Joseph Habersham I
Gideon Granger DR
Secretary of the Navy
Robert Smith DR
vacant on Mar 3, 1809
next: William Jones DR · Jan 19, 1813
Other senior officials (2 changed)
Postmaster General
Joseph Habersham I
Gideon Granger DR
Secretary of the Navy
Robert Smith DR
vacant on Mar 3, 1809
next: William Jones DR · Jan 19, 1813
executive/ordersExecutive orders
no dataFederal Register API ↗
Federal Register records of executive orders begin in 1994.
executive/agenciesFederal agencies
+1Wikidata ↗
19 → 20 tracked organizations · 5 → 5 executive departments
National Geodetic Survey
established Feb 10, 1807 · federal agency responsible for the National Spatial Reference System, which includes latitude, longitude, height, scale, gravity, and orientation throughout the United States
Agency start and end dates come from Wikidata, which covers smaller bureaus unevenly.

Military1 file±0

military/conflictsArmed conflicts
±0UCDP/PRIO Armed Conflict Dataset ↗
U.S. in 0 armed conflicts → 0
The U.S. was not a party to any armed conflict in this window (conflict records start in 1946).
An armed conflict here means at least 25 battle deaths in a year, with U.S. forces as a party or fighting for a government (UCDP's definition). Air strikes, raids, and advisory missions below that threshold aren't included. UN peacekeeping missions are excluded.

Legislative4 files+146−110

legislative/controlControl of Congress
3 changesHouse History / Senate Historical Office ↗
Top: House · Bottom: Senate DemocraticRepublicanOther
6th Congress → 10th Congress · 4 new Congresses elected
3 changes of chamber control along the way
House: Republican majority
48 F · 45 R
House: null majority
97 R · 18 F
Senate: Republican majority on both dates
20 F · 12 R → 28 R · 6 F
legislative/senateSenate
+31−29congress-legislators ↗
Mar 4, 1801 · 20 F · 12 R
Uriah Tracy (Federalist, CT)James Hillhouse (Federalist, CT)Henry Latimer (Federalist, DE)William Hill Wells (Federalist, DE)James Gunn (Federalist, GA)Humphrey Marshall (Federalist, KY)Dwight Foster (Federalist, MA)Jonathan Mason (Federalist, MA)John Eager Howard (Federalist, MD)William Hindman (Federalist, MD)Samuel Livermore (Federalist, NH)James Schureman (Federalist, NJ)Jonathan Dayton (Federalist, NJ)Gouverneur Morris (Federalist, NY)William Bingham (Federalist, PA)James Ross (Federalist, PA)Ray Greene (Federalist, RI)Jacob Read (Federalist, SC)Elijah Paine (Federalist, VT)Nathaniel Chipman (Federalist, VT)Abraham Baldwin (Republican, GA)John Brown (Republican, KY)Timothy Bloodworth (Republican, NC)Jesse Franklin (Republican, NC)John Langdon (Republican, NH)John Armstrong Jr. (Republican, NY)Theodore Foster (Republican, RI)Charles Pinckney (Republican, SC)Joseph Anderson (Republican, TN)William Cocke (Republican, TN)Stevens Thomson Mason (Republican, VA)Wilson Cary Nicholas (Republican, VA)
Mar 3, 1809 · 28 R · 6 F
James Hillhouse (Federalist, CT)Chauncey Goodrich (Federalist, CT)Samuel White (Federalist, DE)James Asheton Bayard Sr. (Federalist, DE)James Lloyd (Federalist, MA)Timothy Pickering (Federalist, MA)John Milledge (Republican, GA)William Harris Crawford (Republican, GA)Buckner Thruston (Republican, KY)John Pope (Republican, KY)Samuel Smith (Republican, MD)Philip Reed (Republican, MD)James Turner (Republican, NC)Jesse Franklin (Republican, NC)Nicholas Gilman (Republican, NH)Nahum Parker (Republican, NH)John Condit (Republican, NJ)Aaron Kitchell (Republican, NJ)Samuel Latham Mitchill (Republican, NY)John Smith (Republican, NY)Return Jonathan Meigs Jr. (Republican, OH)Edward Tiffin (Republican, OH)Samuel Maclay (Republican, PA)Andrew Gregg (Republican, PA)Benjamin Howland (Republican, RI)Elisha Mathewson (Republican, RI)Thomas Sumter (Republican, SC)John Gaillard (Republican, SC)Joseph Anderson (Republican, TN)Daniel Smith (Republican, TN)Andrew Moore (Republican, VA)William Branch Giles (Republican, VA)Jonathan Robinson (Republican, VT)Stephen Row Bradley (Republican, VT)
31 new members · 29 departed · 3 served on both dates · women 0 → 0 · median age 45 → 53
14 seats changed party
James Ross F
Pennsylvania seat
Samuel Maclay R
Pennsylvania seat
James Schureman F
New Jersey seat
John Condit R
New Jersey seat
John Eager Howard F
Maryland seat
Samuel Smith R
Maryland seat
Gouverneur Morris F
New York seat
Samuel Latham Mitchill R
New York seat
Show 10 more seat flips
Jonathan Dayton F
New Jersey seat
Aaron Kitchell R
New Jersey seat
Samuel Livermore F
New Hampshire seat
Nicholas Gilman R
New Hampshire seat
Nathaniel Chipman F
Vermont seat
Jonathan Robinson R
Vermont seat
James Gunn F
Georgia seat
John Milledge R
Georgia seat
Ray Greene F
Rhode Island seat
Elisha Mathewson R
Rhode Island seat
Elijah Paine F
Vermont seat
Stephen Row Bradley R
Vermont seat
William Bingham F
Pennsylvania seat
Andrew Gregg R
Pennsylvania seat
William Hindman F
Maryland seat
Philip Reed R
Maryland seat
Jacob Read F
South Carolina seat
John Gaillard R
South Carolina seat
Humphrey Marshall F
Kentucky seat
John Pope R
Kentucky seat
Who joined and who left (31 in · 29 out)
Chauncey Goodrich F
Connecticut
Samuel White F
Delaware
James Asheton Bayard Sr. F
Delaware
John Milledge R
Georgia
William Harris Crawford R
Georgia
Buckner Thruston R
Kentucky
John Pope R
Kentucky
James Lloyd F
Massachusetts
Timothy Pickering F
Massachusetts
Samuel Smith R
Maryland
Philip Reed R
Maryland
James Turner R
North Carolina
Nicholas Gilman R
New Hampshire
Nahum Parker R
New Hampshire
John Condit R
New Jersey
Aaron Kitchell R
New Jersey
Samuel Latham Mitchill R
New York
John Smith R
New York
Return Jonathan Meigs Jr. R
Ohio
Edward Tiffin R
Ohio
Samuel Maclay R
Pennsylvania
Andrew Gregg R
Pennsylvania
Benjamin Howland R
Rhode Island
Elisha Mathewson R
Rhode Island
Thomas Sumter R
South Carolina
John Gaillard R
South Carolina
Daniel Smith R
Tennessee
Andrew Moore R
Virginia
William Branch Giles R
Virginia
Jonathan Robinson R
Vermont
Stephen Row Bradley R
Vermont
Uriah Tracy F
Connecticut
Henry Latimer F
Delaware
William Hill Wells F
Delaware
James Gunn F
Georgia
Abraham Baldwin R
Georgia
Humphrey Marshall F
Kentucky
John Brown R
Kentucky
Dwight Foster F
Massachusetts
Jonathan Mason F
Massachusetts
John Eager Howard F
Maryland
William Hindman F
Maryland
Timothy Bloodworth R
North Carolina
John Langdon R
New Hampshire
Samuel Livermore F
New Hampshire
James Schureman F
New Jersey
Jonathan Dayton F
New Jersey
John Armstrong Jr. R
New York
Gouverneur Morris F
New York
William Bingham F
Pennsylvania
James Ross F
Pennsylvania
Theodore Foster R
Rhode Island
Ray Greene F
Rhode Island
Jacob Read F
South Carolina
Charles Pinckney R
South Carolina
William Cocke R
Tennessee
Stevens Thomson Mason R
Virginia
Wilson Cary Nicholas R
Virginia
Elijah Paine F
Vermont
Nathaniel Chipman F
Vermont
legislative/houseHouse
+104−81congress-legislators ↗
Mar 4, 1801 · 48 F · 45 R · 1 U · 1 DR
Joseph Bradley Varnum (Democratic Republican, MA-9)William McMillan (?, OH-AL)Jonathan Brace (Federalist, CT-AL)James Asheton Bayard Sr. (Federalist, DE-AL)James Jones (Federalist, GA-AL)Bailey Bartlett (Federalist, MA-11)Samuel Lyman (Federalist, MA-3)John Reed (Federalist, MA-6)Theodore Sedgwick (Federalist, MA-1)Samuel Sewall (Federalist, MA-10)George Thatcher (Federalist, MA-14)Silas Lee (Federalist, MA-12)William Shepard (Federalist, MA-2)Lemuel Williams (Federalist, MA-5)Peleg Wadsworth (Federalist, MA-13)Harrison Gray Otis (Federalist, MA-8)William Craik (Federalist, MD-3)George Dent (Federalist, MD-1)John Chew Thomas (Federalist, MD-2)John Dennis (Federalist, MD-8)George Baer Jr. (Federalist, MD-4)Joseph Dickson (Federalist, NC-1)William Barry Grove (Federalist, NC-7)Archibald Henderson (Federalist, NC-2)William Henry Hill (Federalist, NC-6)Jonathan Freeman (Federalist, NH-AL)Franklin Davenport (Federalist, NJ-5)James Henderson Imlay (Federalist, NJ-4)William Cooper (Federalist, NY-10)Henry Glen (Federalist, NY-8)Jonas Platt (Federalist, NY-9)John Bird (Federalist, NY-6)Thomas Hartley (Federalist, PA-8)John Wilkes Kittera (Federalist, PA-7)Richard Thomas (Federalist, PA-3)Robert Waln (Federalist, PA-1)Henry Woods (Federalist, PA-10)John Brown (Federalist, RI-AL)Abraham Nott (Federalist, SC-6)Thomas Pinckney (Federalist, SC-1)John Rutledge Jr. (Federalist, SC-2)Benjamin Huger (Federalist, SC-3)Robert Goodloe Harper (Federalist, SC-5)Thomas Evans (Federalist, VA-12)Henry Lee (Federalist, VA-19)John Marshall (Federalist, VA-13)Robert Page (Federalist, VA-1)Josiah Parker (Federalist, VA-11)Leven Powell (Federalist, VA-17)Lewis Richard Morris (Federalist, VT-2)Thomas Terry Davis (Republican, KY-1)John Fowler (Republican, KY-2)Levi Lincoln (Republican, MA-4)Phanuel Bishop (Republican, MA-7)Gabriel Christie (Republican, MD-6)Joseph Hopper Nicholson (Republican, MD-7)Samuel Smith (Republican, MD-5)Richard Dobbs Spaight (Republican, NC-10)Robert Williams (Republican, NC-3)David Stone (Republican, NC-8)Richard Stanford (Republican, NC-4)Nathaniel Macon (Republican, NC-5)Willis Alston (Republican, NC-9)James Linn (Republican, NJ-3)Aaron Kitchell (Republican, NJ-2)John Condit (Republican, NJ-1)Jonathan Nicoll Havens (Republican, NY-2)Lucas Conrad Elmendorf (Republican, NY-4)Theodorus Bailey (Republican, NY-5)John Smith (Republican, NY-1)Philip Van Cortlandt (Republican, NY-3)John Thompson (Republican, NY-7)Albert Gallatin (Republican, PA-12)John Peter Gabriel Muhlenberg (Republican, PA-4)John Andre Hanna (Republican, PA-6)Andrew Gregg (Republican, PA-9)Michael Leib (Republican, PA-2)John Smilie (Republican, PA-11)Joseph Hiester (Republican, PA-5)Thomas Sumter (Republican, SC-4)William Charles Cole Claiborne (Republican, TN-1)Joseph Eggleston (Republican, VA-9)Samuel Goode (Republican, VA-8)John Nicholas (Republican, VA-18)Samuel Jordan Cabell (Republican, VA-14)George Jackson (Republican, VA-3)John Johns Trigg (Republican, VA-5)Abram Trigg (Republican, VA-4)Edwin Gray (Republican, VA-10)John Dawson (Republican, VA-15)Matthew Clay (Republican, VA-6)David Holmes (Republican, VA-2)Anthony New (Republican, VA-16)John Randolph (Republican, VA-7)Matthew Lyon (Republican, VT-1)
Mar 3, 1809 · 97 R · 18 F · 2 U · 1 DR
Benjamin Parke (?, IN-AL)Joseph Bradley Varnum (Democratic Republican, MA-4)George Poindexter (?, MS-AL)Epaphroditus Champion (Federalist, CT-AL)James Madison Broom (Federalist, DE-AL)Edward St. Loe Livermore (Federalist, MA-3)William Stedman (Federalist, MA-11)Jabez Upham (Federalist, MA-10)Josiah Quincy (Federalist, MA-1)William Ely (Federalist, MA-5)Samuel Taggart (Federalist, MA-6)John Campbell (Federalist, MD-1)Philip Barton Key (Federalist, MD-3)Charles Goldsborough (Federalist, MD-8)John Culpepper (Federalist, NC-7)Barent Gardenier (Federalist, NY-7)Killian Killian Van Rensselaer (Federalist, NY-9)James Kelly (Federalist, PA-6)Joseph Lewis Jr. (Federalist, VA-7)James Elliott (Federalist, VT-2)Martin Chittenden (Federalist, VT-4)Dennis Smelt (Republican, GA-AL)John Boyle (Republican, KY-2)Benjamin Howard (Republican, KY-5)Matthew Lyon (Republican, KY-1)Joseph Desha (Republican, KY-6)John Rowan (Republican, KY-3)Richard Mentor Johnson (Republican, KY-4)Joseph Barker (Republican, MA-7)Barnabas Bidwell (Republican, MA-AL)Jacob Crowninshield (Republican, MA-2)Josiah Dean (Republican, MA-9)Daniel Ilsley (Republican, MA-15)Orchard Cook (Republican, MA-16)Ezekiel Bacon (Republican, MA-12)Richard Cutts (Republican, MA-14)Isaiah Lewis Green (Republican, MA-8)Ebenezer Seaver (Republican, MA-13)John Chandler (Republican, MA-17)William McCreery (Republican, MD-5)Roger Nelson (Republican, MD-4)Archibald Van Horne (Republican, MD-2)John Montgomery (Republican, MD-6)Edward Lloyd (Republican, MD-7)Evan Shelby Alexander (Republican, NC-10)Marmaduke Williams (Republican, NC-9)James Holland (Republican, NC-11)Thomas Kenan (Republican, NC-5)William Blackledge (Republican, NC-4)Thomas Blount (Republican, NC-3)Meshack Franklin (Republican, NC-12)Richard Stanford (Republican, NC-8)Nathaniel Macon (Republican, NC-6)Lemuel Sawyer (Republican, NC-1)Willis Alston (Republican, NC-2)Peter Carleton (Republican, NH-AL)Ezra Darby (Republican, NJ-AL)John Blake Jr. (Republican, NY-5)George Clinton (Republican, NY-2)John Harris (Republican, NY-17)Reuben Humphrey (Republican, NY-16)William Kirkpatrick (Republican, NY-15)Josiah Masters (Republican, NY-10)Samuel Riker (Republican, NY-1)John Russell (Republican, NY-14)Peter Swart (Republican, NY-13)David Thomas (Republican, NY-12)James Isaac Van Alen (Republican, NY-8)Philip Van Cortlandt (Republican, NY-4)Daniel Crommelin Verplanck (Republican, NY-6)Gurdon Saltonstall Mumford (Republican, NY-3)John Thompson (Republican, NY-11)Jeremiah Morrow (Republican, OH-1)Joseph Clay (Republican, PA-1)John Hiester (Republican, PA-3)William Hoge (Republican, PA-10)Daniel Montgomery Jr. (Republican, PA-5)John Pugh (Republican, PA-2)Samuel Smith (Republican, PA-11)John Smilie (Republican, PA-9)John Rea (Republican, PA-7)Robert Whitehill (Republican, PA-4)William Findley (Republican, PA-8)Nehemiah Knight (Republican, RI-AL)Lemuel James Alston (Republican, SC-8)Joseph Calhoun (Republican, SC-6)Robert Marion (Republican, SC-1)John Taylor (Republican, SC-4)William Butler (Republican, SC-2)David Rogerson Williams (Republican, SC-3)Richard Winn (Republican, SC-5)Thomas Moore (Republican, SC-7)Jesse Wharton (Republican, TN-3)George Washington Campbell (Republican, TN-2)John Rhea (Republican, TN-1)John Claiborne (Republican, VA-17)James Mercer Garnett (Republican, VA-11)John Morrow (Republican, VA-2)Abram Trigg (Republican, VA-6)Alexander Wilson (Republican, VA-5)Walter Jones (Republican, VA-8)John Love (Republican, VA-9)Wilson Cary Nicholas (Republican, VA-21)Edwin Gray (Republican, VA-19)John Dawson (Republican, VA-10)John Smith (Republican, VA-3)Matthew Clay (Republican, VA-14)John Clopton (Republican, VA-22)John George Jackson (Republican, VA-1)John Wayles Eppes (Republican, VA-16)Peterson Goodwyn (Republican, VA-18)William Armisted Burwell (Republican, VA-13)David Holmes (Republican, VA-4)Burwell Bassett (Republican, VA-12)Thomas Newton Jr. (Republican, VA-20)John Randolph (Republican, VA-15)James Witherell (Republican, VT-1)James Fisk (Republican, VT-3)
104 new members · 81 departed · 14 served on both dates · women 0 → 0 · median age 45 → 45
17 state delegations changed
Show delegation changes
Georgia 0 D · 0 R · 1 other
Georgia 0 D · 1 R
Indiana 0 D · 0 R
Indiana 0 D · 0 R · 1 other
Kentucky 0 D · 2 R
Kentucky 0 D · 6 R
Massachusetts 0 D · 2 R · 12 other
Massachusetts 0 D · 11 R · 7 other
Maryland 0 D · 3 R · 5 other
Maryland 0 D · 5 R · 3 other
Mississippi 0 D · 0 R
Mississippi 0 D · 0 R · 1 other
North Carolina 0 D · 6 R · 4 other
North Carolina 0 D · 11 R · 1 other
New Hampshire 0 D · 0 R · 1 other
New Hampshire 0 D · 1 R
New Jersey 0 D · 3 R · 2 other
New Jersey 0 D · 1 R
New York 0 D · 6 R · 4 other
New York 0 D · 15 R · 2 other
Ohio 0 D · 0 R · 1 other
Ohio 0 D · 1 R
Pennsylvania 0 D · 7 R · 5 other
Pennsylvania 0 D · 10 R · 1 other
Rhode Island 0 D · 0 R · 1 other
Rhode Island 0 D · 1 R
South Carolina 0 D · 1 R · 5 other
South Carolina 0 D · 8 R
Tennessee 0 D · 1 R
Tennessee 0 D · 3 R
Virginia 0 D · 13 R · 6 other
Virginia 0 D · 21 R · 1 other
Vermont 0 D · 1 R · 1 other
Vermont 0 D · 2 R · 2 other
Who joined and who left (104 in · 81 out)
Epaphroditus Champion F
Connecticut-AL
James Madison Broom F
Delaware-AL
Dennis Smelt R
Georgia-AL
Benjamin Parke
Indiana-AL
John Boyle R
Kentucky-2
Benjamin Howard R
Kentucky-5
Joseph Desha R
Kentucky-6
John Rowan R
Kentucky-3
Richard Mentor Johnson R
Kentucky-4
Joseph Barker R
Massachusetts-7
Barnabas Bidwell R
Massachusetts-AL
Jacob Crowninshield R
Massachusetts-2
Josiah Dean R
Massachusetts-9
Daniel Ilsley R
Massachusetts-15
Orchard Cook R
Massachusetts-16
Edward St. Loe Livermore F
Massachusetts-3
William Stedman F
Massachusetts-11
Jabez Upham F
Massachusetts-10
Ezekiel Bacon R
Massachusetts-12
Richard Cutts R
Massachusetts-14
Isaiah Lewis Green R
Massachusetts-8
Josiah Quincy F
Massachusetts-1
Ebenezer Seaver R
Massachusetts-13
William Ely F
Massachusetts-5
Samuel Taggart F
Massachusetts-6
John Chandler R
Massachusetts-17
William McCreery R
Maryland-5
John Campbell F
Maryland-1
Roger Nelson R
Maryland-4
Archibald Van Horne R
Maryland-2
Philip Barton Key F
Maryland-3
John Montgomery R
Maryland-6
Charles Goldsborough F
Maryland-8
Edward Lloyd R
Maryland-7
George Poindexter
Mississippi-AL
Evan Shelby Alexander R
North Carolina-10
Marmaduke Williams R
North Carolina-9
James Holland R
North Carolina-11
Thomas Kenan R
North Carolina-5
William Blackledge R
North Carolina-4
Thomas Blount R
North Carolina-3
Meshack Franklin R
North Carolina-12
John Culpepper F
North Carolina-7
Lemuel Sawyer R
North Carolina-1
Peter Carleton R
New Hampshire-AL
Ezra Darby R
New Jersey-AL
John Blake Jr. R
New York-5
George Clinton R
New York-2
John Harris R
New York-17
Reuben Humphrey R
New York-16
William Kirkpatrick R
New York-15
Josiah Masters R
New York-10
Samuel Riker R
New York-1
John Russell R
New York-14
Peter Swart R
New York-13
David Thomas R
New York-12
James Isaac Van Alen R
New York-8
Daniel Crommelin Verplanck R
New York-6
Barent Gardenier F
New York-7
Gurdon Saltonstall Mumford R
New York-3
Killian Killian Van Rensselaer F
New York-9
Jeremiah Morrow R
Ohio-1
Joseph Clay R
Pennsylvania-1
John Hiester R
Pennsylvania-3
William Hoge R
Pennsylvania-10
James Kelly F
Pennsylvania-6
Daniel Montgomery Jr. R
Pennsylvania-5
John Pugh R
Pennsylvania-2
Samuel Smith R
Pennsylvania-11
John Rea R
Pennsylvania-7
Robert Whitehill R
Pennsylvania-4
William Findley R
Pennsylvania-8
Nehemiah Knight R
Rhode Island-AL
Lemuel James Alston R
South Carolina-8
Joseph Calhoun R
South Carolina-6
Robert Marion R
South Carolina-1
John Taylor R
South Carolina-4
William Butler R
South Carolina-2
David Rogerson Williams R
South Carolina-3
Richard Winn R
South Carolina-5
Thomas Moore R
South Carolina-7
Jesse Wharton R
Tennessee-3
George Washington Campbell R
Tennessee-2
John Rhea R
Tennessee-1
John Claiborne R
Virginia-17
James Mercer Garnett R
Virginia-11
John Morrow R
Virginia-2
Alexander Wilson R
Virginia-5
Walter Jones R
Virginia-8
John Love R
Virginia-9
Wilson Cary Nicholas R
Virginia-21
John Smith R
Virginia-3
John Clopton R
Virginia-22
John George Jackson R
Virginia-1
Joseph Lewis Jr. F
Virginia-7
John Wayles Eppes R
Virginia-16
Peterson Goodwyn R
Virginia-18
William Armisted Burwell R
Virginia-13
Burwell Bassett R
Virginia-12
Thomas Newton Jr. R
Virginia-20
James Elliott F
Vermont-2
James Witherell R
Vermont-1
Martin Chittenden F
Vermont-4
James Fisk R
Vermont-3
Jonathan Brace F
Connecticut-AL
James Asheton Bayard Sr. F
Delaware-AL
James Jones F
Georgia-AL
Thomas Terry Davis R
Kentucky-1
John Fowler R
Kentucky-2
Bailey Bartlett F
Massachusetts-11
Samuel Lyman F
Massachusetts-3
John Reed F
Massachusetts-6
Theodore Sedgwick F
Massachusetts-1
Samuel Sewall F
Massachusetts-10
George Thatcher F
Massachusetts-14
Silas Lee F
Massachusetts-12
Levi Lincoln R
Massachusetts-4
William Shepard F
Massachusetts-2
Lemuel Williams F
Massachusetts-5
Phanuel Bishop R
Massachusetts-7
Peleg Wadsworth F
Massachusetts-13
Harrison Gray Otis F
Massachusetts-8
Gabriel Christie R
Maryland-6
William Craik F
Maryland-3
George Dent F
Maryland-1
John Chew Thomas F
Maryland-2
John Dennis F
Maryland-8
Joseph Hopper Nicholson R
Maryland-7
George Baer Jr. F
Maryland-4
Samuel Smith R
Maryland-5
Joseph Dickson F
North Carolina-1
Richard Dobbs Spaight R
North Carolina-10
William Barry Grove F
North Carolina-7
Archibald Henderson F
North Carolina-2
William Henry Hill F
North Carolina-6
Robert Williams R
North Carolina-3
David Stone R
North Carolina-8
Jonathan Freeman F
New Hampshire-AL
Franklin Davenport F
New Jersey-5
James Henderson Imlay F
New Jersey-4
James Linn R
New Jersey-3
Aaron Kitchell R
New Jersey-2
John Condit R
New Jersey-1
William Cooper F
New York-10
Henry Glen F
New York-8
Jonathan Nicoll Havens R
New York-2
Jonas Platt F
New York-9
John Bird F
New York-6
Lucas Conrad Elmendorf R
New York-4
Theodorus Bailey R
New York-5
John Smith R
New York-1
William McMillan
Ohio-AL
Albert Gallatin R
Pennsylvania-12
Thomas Hartley F
Pennsylvania-8
John Wilkes Kittera F
Pennsylvania-7
Richard Thomas F
Pennsylvania-3
Robert Waln F
Pennsylvania-1
John Peter Gabriel Muhlenberg R
Pennsylvania-4
Henry Woods F
Pennsylvania-10
John Andre Hanna R
Pennsylvania-6
Andrew Gregg R
Pennsylvania-9
Michael Leib R
Pennsylvania-2
Joseph Hiester R
Pennsylvania-5
John Brown F
Rhode Island-AL
Abraham Nott F
South Carolina-6
Thomas Pinckney F
South Carolina-1
John Rutledge Jr. F
South Carolina-2
Thomas Sumter R
South Carolina-4
Benjamin Huger F
South Carolina-3
Robert Goodloe Harper F
South Carolina-5
William Charles Cole Claiborne R
Tennessee-1
Joseph Eggleston R
Virginia-9
Thomas Evans F
Virginia-12
Samuel Goode R
Virginia-8
Henry Lee F
Virginia-19
John Marshall F
Virginia-13
John Nicholas R
Virginia-18
Robert Page F
Virginia-1
Josiah Parker F
Virginia-11
Leven Powell F
Virginia-17
Samuel Jordan Cabell R
Virginia-14
George Jackson R
Virginia-3
John Johns Trigg R
Virginia-5
Anthony New R
Virginia-16
Lewis Richard Morris F
Vermont-2
legislative/lawsLaws enacted
+11Congress.gov ↗
Complete lists of public laws start with the 93rd Congress (Jan 3, 1973). Earlier years show notable and landmark acts only.
11 laws recorded · 0 landmark · 11 notable
Military Peace Establishment Act
Ch. 9, Sess. 1, 7th Cong. · Mar 16, 1802
Judiciary Act of 1802
Ch. 31, Sess. 1, 7th Cong. · Apr 29, 1802
Enabling Act of 1802
Ch. 40, Sess. 1, 7th Cong. · Apr 30, 1802
Land Act of 1804
Ch. 35, Sess. 1, 8th Cong. · Mar 26, 1804
Cumberland Road
Ch. 19, Sess. 1, 9th Cong. · Mar 29, 1806
Seventh Circuit Act of 1807
Ch. 16, Sess. 2, 9th Cong. · Feb 24, 1807
Slave Trade Prohibition Act
Ch. 22, Sess. 2, 9th Cong. · Mar 2, 1807
Insurrection Act of 1807
Ch. 39, Sess. 2, 9th Cong. · Mar 3, 1807
Embargo Act of 1807
Ch. 5, Sess. 1, 10th Cong. · Dec 22, 1807
Militia Act of 1808
Ch. 55, Sess. 1, 10th Cong. · Apr 23, 1808
Show 1 more notable laws
Non-Intercourse Act (1809)
Ch. 24, Sess. 2, 10th Cong. · Mar 1, 1809

Judicial3 files+168−2

judicial/supreme-courtThe Supreme Court
+3−2Federal Judicial Center ↗
Bench by appointing party: 3 U · 3 F → 3 JR · 2 U · 2 F · every justice ↗
William Paterson
appointed by George Washington · 1793
Alfred Moore F
appointed by John Adams · 1799
William Johnson, Jr. JR
appointed by Thomas Jefferson · 1804
Henry Brockholst Livingston JR
appointed by Thomas Jefferson · 1807
Thomas Todd JR
appointed by Thomas Jefferson · 1807
4 justices served on both dates
William Cushing
appointed by George Washington · 1789
Samuel Chase
appointed by George Washington · 1796
Bushrod Washington F
appointed by John Adams · 1798
John Marshall F
appointed by John Adams · 1801
judicial/lower-courtsAppeals & district courts
+22Federal Judicial Center ↗
Courts of appeals (active judges): →
District courts (active judges): 10 U · 4 F · 3 N( → 9 JR · 6 U · 3 N( · 2 F
None (reassignment) N( appointed 3 judges
3 district
Thomas Jefferson JR appointed 19 judges
3 Supreme Court · 9 district · 7 other
D and R describe the party of the appointing president, not the judge. Active service ends when a judge takes senior status.
judicial/rulingsSupreme Court decisions
+143Supreme Court Database ↗
143 argued decisions · 1 landmark
Marbury v. Madison
5 U.S. 137 · Feb 24, 1803 · Decided 6–0 · Judicial Power · Dismissed · Declared federal law unconstitutional
Landmark means the Court overruled precedent, struck down a federal law, or the case is on a curated landmark list.

Fiscal2 files±0

fiscal/budgetThe federal budget
OMB Historical Tables ↗
Fiscal year undefined → fiscal year undefined · inflation-adjusted with the GDP price index
fiscal/debtTotal public debt outstanding
−$26MTreasury Fiscal Data ↗
$83M
as of Jan 1, 1801
$57M
as of Jan 1, 1809

Constitution & Union1 file+2

constitution/amendmentsAmendments & statehood
+2National Archives ↗
11 → 12 amendments in force · 16 → 17 states
Amendment XII Election of President and Vice President
ratified Jun 15, 1804 · Separate electoral votes for President and Vice President.
Ohio joins the Union
admitted Mar 1, 1803

Reverts1 file±0

revert/undoneWhat was undone
nothingFederal Register · Congress.gov · SCDB ↗
No executive orders revoked, no rules struck down by Congress, and no precedents overruled in this window (executive-order records begin in 1994).

Log1 file±0

logEverything in between
19 events
Thomas Jefferson takes office · 1801-03-04Military Peace Establishment Act · 1802-03-16Judiciary Act of 1802 · 1802-04-29Enabling Act of 1802 · 1802-04-30Marbury v. Madison · 1803-02-24Ohio · 1803-03-01William Johnson, Jr. — Associate Justice · 1804-03-26Land Act of 1804 · 1804-03-26Election of President and Vice President · 1804-06-15Thomas Jefferson takes office · 1805-03-04Cumberland Road · 1806-03-29Henry Brockholst Livingston — Associate Justice · 1807-01-16Seventh Circuit Act of 1807 · 1807-02-24Slave Trade Prohibition Act · 1807-03-02Thomas Todd — Associate Justice · 1807-03-03Insurrection Act of 1807 · 1807-03-03Embargo Act of 1807 · 1807-12-22Militia Act of 1808 · 1808-04-23Non-Intercourse Act (1809) · 1809-03-0118021803180418051806180718081809
  1. presidentThomas Jefferson takes office
  2. lawMilitary Peace Establishment Act
  3. lawJudiciary Act of 1802
  4. lawEnabling Act of 1802
  5. rulingMarbury v. Madison
  6. stateOhio
  7. justiceWilliam Johnson, Jr. — Associate Justice
  8. lawLand Act of 1804
  9. amendmentElection of President and Vice President
  10. presidentThomas Jefferson takes office
  11. lawCumberland Road
  12. justiceHenry Brockholst Livingston — Associate Justice
  13. lawSeventh Circuit Act of 1807
  14. lawSlave Trade Prohibition Act
  15. justiceThomas Todd — Associate Justice
  16. lawInsurrection Act of 1807
  17. lawEmbargo Act of 1807
  18. lawMilitia Act of 1808
  19. lawNon-Intercourse Act (1809)