How did the United States change between and ?

Pick two dates. See the laws, the executive orders, the courts, Congress, federal agencies, the Constitution and the budget, as a diff.

Trump II so farBiden termTrump I termObama termSince 9/11Since ReaganPostwar → now
civicdiff.com/1797-03-04...1801-03-03 · 4 years json
18 files changed, 158 insertions(+), 88 deletions(−)
Laws enacted
+14
major laws · full counts from 1973
Executive orders
—
records start in 1994
Final rules
—
records start in 1994
Supreme Court
3 of 6
seats changed hands
Agencies
+3 −0
departments & tracked agencies
Public debt
+$980,000
$82M → $83M

The presidency passed from George Washington to John Adams. 15 senators and 68 representatives took seats that they did not hold before. 3 new justices joined the Supreme Court.

Executive5 files+8−6

executive/presidentThe presidency
+1−1National Archives ↗
George Washington np
1st president
John Adams F
2nd president · took office Mar 4, 1797
executive/vice-presidentThe vice presidency
+1−1Senate Historical Office ↗
John Adams F
Thomas Jefferson DR
took office Mar 4, 1797
executive/cabinetCabinet & senior officials
+3−4Wikidata ↗
Secretary of State
Timothy Pickering F
vacant on Mar 3, 1801
next: Levi Lincoln Sr. DR (acting) · Mar 5, 1801
Secretary of the Treasury
Oliver Wolcott F
Samuel Dexter F
Secretary of War
James McHenry F
vacant on Mar 3, 1801
next: Henry Dearborn DR · Mar 5, 1801
Attorney General
Charles Lee F
vacant on Mar 3, 1801
next: Levi Lincoln Sr. DR · Mar 5, 1801
Secretary of the Navy · 2 people took this office in between
office did not exist
Robert Smith DR
Other senior officials (1 changed)
Secretary of the Navy · 2 people took this office in between
office did not exist
Robert Smith DR
2 offices unchanged
Postmaster General: Joseph Habersham I
Postmaster General: Joseph Habersham I
executive/ordersExecutive orders
no dataFederal Register API ↗
Federal Register records of executive orders begin in 1994.
executive/agenciesFederal agencies
+3Wikidata ↗
16 → 19 tracked organizations · 4 → 5 executive departments
United States Department of the Navy department
established Apr 30, 1798 · military department within the Department of Defense of the United States of America
United States Public Health Service
established Jan 1, 1798 · division of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services concerned with public health
Library of Congress
established Apr 24, 1800 · (de facto) national library of the United States of America
Agency start and end dates come from Wikidata, which covers smaller bureaus unevenly.

Military1 file±0

military/conflictsArmed conflicts
±0UCDP/PRIO Armed Conflict Dataset ↗
U.S. in 0 armed conflicts → 0
The U.S. was not a party to any armed conflict in this window (conflict records start in 1946).
An armed conflict here means at least 25 battle deaths in a year, with U.S. forces as a party or fighting for a government (UCDP's definition). Air strikes, raids, and advisory missions below that threshold aren't included. UN peacekeeping missions are excluded.

Legislative4 files+97−79

legislative/controlControl of Congress
1 changeHouse History / Senate Historical Office ↗
Top: House · Bottom: Senate DemocraticRepublicanOther
4th Congress → 6th Congress · 2 new Congresses elected
1 change of chamber control along the way
House: Republican majority
56 R · 33 F
House: null majority
48 F · 45 R
Senate: Republican majority on both dates
21 F · 11 R → 20 F · 12 R
legislative/senateSenate
+15−15congress-legislators ↗
Mar 4, 1797 · 21 F · 11 R
Uriah Tracy (Federalist, CT)James Hillhouse (Federalist, CT)John Vining (Federalist, DE)Henry Latimer (Federalist, DE)James Gunn (Federalist, GA)Humphrey Marshall (Federalist, KY)Benjamin Goodhue (Federalist, MA)Theodore Sedgwick (Federalist, MA)John Henry (Federalist, MD)John Eager Howard (Federalist, MD)Samuel Livermore (Federalist, NH)John Rutherfurd (Federalist, NJ)Richard Stockton (Federalist, NJ)John Laurance (Federalist, NY)James Ross (Federalist, PA)William Bingham (Federalist, PA)Theodore Foster (Federalist, RI)William Bradford (Federalist, RI)Jacob Read (Federalist, SC)Elijah Paine (Federalist, VT)Isaac Tichenor (Federalist, VT)Josiah Tattnall (Republican, GA)John Brown (Republican, KY)Alexander Martin (Republican, NC)Timothy Bloodworth (Republican, NC)John Langdon (Republican, NH)Aaron Burr (Republican, NY)John Hunter (Republican, SC)William Cocke (Republican, TN)William Blount (Republican, TN)Stevens Thomson Mason (Republican, VA)Henry Tazewell (Republican, VA)
Mar 3, 1801 · 20 F · 12 R
Uriah Tracy (Federalist, CT)James Hillhouse (Federalist, CT)Henry Latimer (Federalist, DE)William Hill Wells (Federalist, DE)James Gunn (Federalist, GA)Humphrey Marshall (Federalist, KY)Dwight Foster (Federalist, MA)Jonathan Mason (Federalist, MA)John Eager Howard (Federalist, MD)William Hindman (Federalist, MD)Samuel Livermore (Federalist, NH)James Schureman (Federalist, NJ)Jonathan Dayton (Federalist, NJ)Gouverneur Morris (Federalist, NY)William Bingham (Federalist, PA)James Ross (Federalist, PA)Ray Greene (Federalist, RI)Jacob Read (Federalist, SC)Elijah Paine (Federalist, VT)Nathaniel Chipman (Federalist, VT)Abraham Baldwin (Republican, GA)John Brown (Republican, KY)Timothy Bloodworth (Republican, NC)Jesse Franklin (Republican, NC)John Langdon (Republican, NH)John Armstrong Jr. (Republican, NY)Theodore Foster (Republican, RI)Charles Pinckney (Republican, SC)Joseph Anderson (Republican, TN)William Cocke (Republican, TN)Stevens Thomson Mason (Republican, VA)Wilson Cary Nicholas (Republican, VA)
15 new members · 15 departed · 17 served on both dates · women 0 → 0 · median age 43 → 45
3 seats changed party
John Laurance F
New York seat
John Armstrong Jr. R
New York seat
Theodore Foster F
Rhode Island seat
Theodore Foster R
Rhode Island seat
Aaron Burr R
New York seat
Gouverneur Morris F
New York seat
Who joined and who left (15 in · 15 out)
William Hill Wells F
Delaware
Abraham Baldwin R
Georgia
Dwight Foster F
Massachusetts
Jonathan Mason F
Massachusetts
William Hindman F
Maryland
Jesse Franklin R
North Carolina
James Schureman F
New Jersey
Jonathan Dayton F
New Jersey
John Armstrong Jr. R
New York
Gouverneur Morris F
New York
Ray Greene F
Rhode Island
Charles Pinckney R
South Carolina
Joseph Anderson R
Tennessee
Wilson Cary Nicholas R
Virginia
Nathaniel Chipman F
Vermont
John Vining F
Delaware
Josiah Tattnall R
Georgia
Benjamin Goodhue F
Massachusetts
Theodore Sedgwick F
Massachusetts
John Henry F
Maryland
Alexander Martin R
North Carolina
John Rutherfurd F
New Jersey
Richard Stockton F
New Jersey
Aaron Burr R
New York
John Laurance F
New York
William Bradford F
Rhode Island
John Hunter R
South Carolina
William Blount R
Tennessee
Henry Tazewell R
Virginia
Isaac Tichenor F
Vermont
legislative/houseHouse
+68−64congress-legislators ↗
Mar 4, 1797 · 56 R · 33 F · 1 U · 1 DR
Joseph Bradley Varnum (Democratic Republican, MA-9)James White (?, TN-AL)Samuel Whittlesey Dana (Federalist, CT-AL)Fisher Ames (Federalist, MA-8)George Leonard (Federalist, MA-7)Theophilus Bradbury (Federalist, MA-11)Nathaniel Freeman Jr. (Federalist, MA-5)Samuel Lyman (Federalist, MA-3)John Reed (Federalist, MA-6)Samuel Sewall (Federalist, MA-10)George Thatcher (Federalist, MA-14)Dwight Foster (Federalist, MA-4)Peleg Wadsworth (Federalist, MA-13)Jeremiah Crabb (Federalist, MD-3)William Vans Murray (Federalist, MD-8)George Dent (Federalist, MD-1)William Hindman (Federalist, MD-7)William Francis Strudwick (Federalist, NC-4)William Barry Grove (Federalist, NC-7)Thomas Henderson (Federalist, NJ-AL)Ezekiel Gilbert (Federalist, NY-6)John Evert Van Alen (Federalist, NY-7)John Williams (Federalist, NY-9)William Cooper (Federalist, NY-10)Henry Glen (Federalist, NY-8)George Ege (Federalist, PA-5)Thomas Hartley (Federalist, PA-8)John Wilkes Kittera (Federalist, PA-7)Richard Thomas (Federalist, PA-3)Benjamin Bourne (Federalist, RI-AL)William Loughton Smith (Federalist, SC-1)Robert Goodloe Harper (Federalist, SC-5)George Hancock (Federalist, VA-5)Josiah Parker (Federalist, VA-11)Daniel Buck (Federalist, VT-2)John Patten (Republican, DE-AL)Abraham Baldwin (Republican, GA-AL)Christopher Greenup (Republican, KY-1)Alexander Dalrymple Orr (Republican, KY-2)Henry Dearborn (Republican, MA-12)William Lyman (Republican, MA-2)Thomson Joseph Skinner (Republican, MA-1)Gabriel Duvall (Republican, MD-2)Thomas Sprigg (Republican, MD-4)Gabriel Christie (Republican, MD-6)Samuel Smith (Republican, MD-5)Nathan Bryan (Republican, NC-10)Dempsey Burges (Republican, NC-8)Matthew Locke (Republican, NC-2)James Gillespie (Republican, NC-6)Jesse Franklin (Republican, NC-3)James Holland (Republican, NC-1)Thomas Blount (Republican, NC-9)Nathaniel Macon (Republican, NC-5)John Samuel Sherburne (Republican, NH-AL)John Hathorn (Republican, NY-4)Jonathan Nicoll Havens (Republican, NY-2)Theodorus Bailey (Republican, NY-5)Philip Van Cortlandt (Republican, NY-3)Edward Livingston (Republican, NY-1)Frederick Augustus Conrad Muhlenberg (Republican, PA-2)John Richards (Republican, PA-4)John Swanwick (Republican, PA-1)Albert Gallatin (Republican, PA-12)Samuel Maclay (Republican, PA-6)Andrew Gregg (Republican, PA-9)David Bard (Republican, PA-10)William Findley (Republican, PA-11)Samuel Earle (Republican, SC-6)Lemuel Benton (Republican, SC-3)Wade Hampton (Republican, SC-2)Richard Winn (Republican, SC-4)Andrew Jackson (Republican, TN-1)Isaac Coles (Republican, VA-6)John Heath (Republican, VA-19)John Page (Republican, VA-12)Francis Preston (Republican, VA-4)Robert Rutherford (Republican, VA-1)Carter Bassett Harrison (Republican, VA-10)John Nicholas (Republican, VA-18)Samuel Jordan Cabell (Republican, VA-14)George Jackson (Republican, VA-3)Thomas Claiborne (Republican, VA-8)Abraham Bedford Venable (Republican, VA-7)Andrew Moore (Republican, VA-2)James Madison (Republican, VA-15)Richard Brent (Republican, VA-17)William Branch Giles (Republican, VA-9)John Clopton (Republican, VA-13)Anthony New (Republican, VA-16)Israel Smith (Republican, VT-1)
Mar 3, 1801 · 48 F · 45 R · 1 U · 1 DR
Joseph Bradley Varnum (Democratic Republican, MA-9)William McMillan (?, OH-AL)Jonathan Brace (Federalist, CT-AL)James Asheton Bayard Sr. (Federalist, DE-AL)James Jones (Federalist, GA-AL)Bailey Bartlett (Federalist, MA-11)Samuel Lyman (Federalist, MA-3)John Reed (Federalist, MA-6)Theodore Sedgwick (Federalist, MA-1)Samuel Sewall (Federalist, MA-10)George Thatcher (Federalist, MA-14)Silas Lee (Federalist, MA-12)William Shepard (Federalist, MA-2)Lemuel Williams (Federalist, MA-5)Peleg Wadsworth (Federalist, MA-13)Harrison Gray Otis (Federalist, MA-8)William Craik (Federalist, MD-3)George Dent (Federalist, MD-1)John Chew Thomas (Federalist, MD-2)John Dennis (Federalist, MD-8)George Baer Jr. (Federalist, MD-4)Joseph Dickson (Federalist, NC-1)William Barry Grove (Federalist, NC-7)Archibald Henderson (Federalist, NC-2)William Henry Hill (Federalist, NC-6)Jonathan Freeman (Federalist, NH-AL)Franklin Davenport (Federalist, NJ-5)James Henderson Imlay (Federalist, NJ-4)William Cooper (Federalist, NY-10)Henry Glen (Federalist, NY-8)Jonas Platt (Federalist, NY-9)John Bird (Federalist, NY-6)Thomas Hartley (Federalist, PA-8)John Wilkes Kittera (Federalist, PA-7)Richard Thomas (Federalist, PA-3)Robert Waln (Federalist, PA-1)Henry Woods (Federalist, PA-10)John Brown (Federalist, RI-AL)Abraham Nott (Federalist, SC-6)Thomas Pinckney (Federalist, SC-1)John Rutledge Jr. (Federalist, SC-2)Benjamin Huger (Federalist, SC-3)Robert Goodloe Harper (Federalist, SC-5)Thomas Evans (Federalist, VA-12)Henry Lee (Federalist, VA-19)John Marshall (Federalist, VA-13)Robert Page (Federalist, VA-1)Josiah Parker (Federalist, VA-11)Leven Powell (Federalist, VA-17)Lewis Richard Morris (Federalist, VT-2)Thomas Terry Davis (Republican, KY-1)John Fowler (Republican, KY-2)Levi Lincoln (Republican, MA-4)Phanuel Bishop (Republican, MA-7)Gabriel Christie (Republican, MD-6)Joseph Hopper Nicholson (Republican, MD-7)Samuel Smith (Republican, MD-5)Richard Dobbs Spaight (Republican, NC-10)Robert Williams (Republican, NC-3)David Stone (Republican, NC-8)Richard Stanford (Republican, NC-4)Nathaniel Macon (Republican, NC-5)Willis Alston (Republican, NC-9)James Linn (Republican, NJ-3)Aaron Kitchell (Republican, NJ-2)John Condit (Republican, NJ-1)Jonathan Nicoll Havens (Republican, NY-2)Lucas Conrad Elmendorf (Republican, NY-4)Theodorus Bailey (Republican, NY-5)John Smith (Republican, NY-1)Philip Van Cortlandt (Republican, NY-3)John Thompson (Republican, NY-7)Albert Gallatin (Republican, PA-12)John Peter Gabriel Muhlenberg (Republican, PA-4)John Andre Hanna (Republican, PA-6)Andrew Gregg (Republican, PA-9)Michael Leib (Republican, PA-2)John Smilie (Republican, PA-11)Joseph Hiester (Republican, PA-5)Thomas Sumter (Republican, SC-4)William Charles Cole Claiborne (Republican, TN-1)Joseph Eggleston (Republican, VA-9)Samuel Goode (Republican, VA-8)John Nicholas (Republican, VA-18)Samuel Jordan Cabell (Republican, VA-14)George Jackson (Republican, VA-3)John Johns Trigg (Republican, VA-5)Abram Trigg (Republican, VA-4)Edwin Gray (Republican, VA-10)John Dawson (Republican, VA-15)Matthew Clay (Republican, VA-6)David Holmes (Republican, VA-2)Anthony New (Republican, VA-16)John Randolph (Republican, VA-7)Matthew Lyon (Republican, VT-1)
68 new members · 64 departed · 27 served on both dates · women 0 → 0 · median age 43 → 45
13 state delegations changed
Show delegation changes
Delaware 0 D · 1 R
Delaware 0 D · 0 R · 1 other
Georgia 0 D · 1 R
Georgia 0 D · 0 R · 1 other
Massachusetts 0 D · 3 R · 11 other
Massachusetts 0 D · 2 R · 12 other
Maryland 0 D · 4 R · 4 other
Maryland 0 D · 3 R · 5 other
North Carolina 0 D · 8 R · 2 other
North Carolina 0 D · 6 R · 4 other
New Hampshire 0 D · 1 R
New Hampshire 0 D · 0 R · 1 other
New Jersey 0 D · 0 R · 1 other
New Jersey 0 D · 3 R · 2 other
New York 0 D · 5 R · 5 other
New York 0 D · 6 R · 4 other
Ohio 0 D · 0 R
Ohio 0 D · 0 R · 1 other
Pennsylvania 0 D · 8 R · 4 other
Pennsylvania 0 D · 7 R · 5 other
South Carolina 0 D · 4 R · 2 other
South Carolina 0 D · 1 R · 5 other
Tennessee 0 D · 1 R · 1 other
Tennessee 0 D · 1 R
Virginia 0 D · 17 R · 2 other
Virginia 0 D · 13 R · 6 other
Who joined and who left (68 in · 64 out)
Jonathan Brace F
Connecticut-AL
James Asheton Bayard Sr. F
Delaware-AL
James Jones F
Georgia-AL
Thomas Terry Davis R
Kentucky-1
John Fowler R
Kentucky-2
Bailey Bartlett F
Massachusetts-11
Theodore Sedgwick F
Massachusetts-1
Silas Lee F
Massachusetts-12
Levi Lincoln R
Massachusetts-4
William Shepard F
Massachusetts-2
Lemuel Williams F
Massachusetts-5
Phanuel Bishop R
Massachusetts-7
Harrison Gray Otis F
Massachusetts-8
William Craik F
Maryland-3
John Chew Thomas F
Maryland-2
John Dennis F
Maryland-8
Joseph Hopper Nicholson R
Maryland-7
George Baer Jr. F
Maryland-4
Joseph Dickson F
North Carolina-1
Richard Dobbs Spaight R
North Carolina-10
Archibald Henderson F
North Carolina-2
William Henry Hill F
North Carolina-6
Robert Williams R
North Carolina-3
David Stone R
North Carolina-8
Richard Stanford R
North Carolina-4
Willis Alston R
North Carolina-9
Jonathan Freeman F
New Hampshire-AL
Franklin Davenport F
New Jersey-5
James Henderson Imlay F
New Jersey-4
James Linn R
New Jersey-3
Aaron Kitchell R
New Jersey-2
John Condit R
New Jersey-1
Jonas Platt F
New York-9
John Bird F
New York-6
Lucas Conrad Elmendorf R
New York-4
John Smith R
New York-1
John Thompson R
New York-7
William McMillan
Ohio-AL
Robert Waln F
Pennsylvania-1
John Peter Gabriel Muhlenberg R
Pennsylvania-4
Henry Woods F
Pennsylvania-10
John Andre Hanna R
Pennsylvania-6
Michael Leib R
Pennsylvania-2
John Smilie R
Pennsylvania-11
Joseph Hiester R
Pennsylvania-5
John Brown F
Rhode Island-AL
Abraham Nott F
South Carolina-6
Thomas Pinckney F
South Carolina-1
John Rutledge Jr. F
South Carolina-2
Thomas Sumter R
South Carolina-4
Benjamin Huger F
South Carolina-3
William Charles Cole Claiborne R
Tennessee-1
Joseph Eggleston R
Virginia-9
Thomas Evans F
Virginia-12
Samuel Goode R
Virginia-8
Henry Lee F
Virginia-19
John Marshall F
Virginia-13
Robert Page F
Virginia-1
Leven Powell F
Virginia-17
John Johns Trigg R
Virginia-5
Abram Trigg R
Virginia-4
Edwin Gray R
Virginia-10
John Dawson R
Virginia-15
Matthew Clay R
Virginia-6
David Holmes R
Virginia-2
John Randolph R
Virginia-7
Lewis Richard Morris F
Vermont-2
Matthew Lyon R
Vermont-1
Samuel Whittlesey Dana F
Connecticut-AL
John Patten R
Delaware-AL
Abraham Baldwin R
Georgia-AL
Christopher Greenup R
Kentucky-1
Alexander Dalrymple Orr R
Kentucky-2
Fisher Ames F
Massachusetts-8
Henry Dearborn R
Massachusetts-12
George Leonard F
Massachusetts-7
William Lyman R
Massachusetts-2
Theophilus Bradbury F
Massachusetts-11
Nathaniel Freeman Jr. F
Massachusetts-5
Dwight Foster F
Massachusetts-4
Thomson Joseph Skinner R
Massachusetts-1
Jeremiah Crabb F
Maryland-3
Gabriel Duvall R
Maryland-2
William Vans Murray F
Maryland-8
Thomas Sprigg R
Maryland-4
William Hindman F
Maryland-7
William Francis Strudwick F
North Carolina-4
Nathan Bryan R
North Carolina-10
Dempsey Burges R
North Carolina-8
Matthew Locke R
North Carolina-2
James Gillespie R
North Carolina-6
Jesse Franklin R
North Carolina-3
James Holland R
North Carolina-1
Thomas Blount R
North Carolina-9
John Samuel Sherburne R
New Hampshire-AL
Thomas Henderson F
New Jersey-AL
Ezekiel Gilbert F
New York-6
John Hathorn R
New York-4
John Evert Van Alen F
New York-7
John Williams F
New York-9
Edward Livingston R
New York-1
Frederick Augustus Conrad Muhlenberg R
Pennsylvania-2
John Richards R
Pennsylvania-4
George Ege F
Pennsylvania-5
John Swanwick R
Pennsylvania-1
Samuel Maclay R
Pennsylvania-6
David Bard R
Pennsylvania-10
William Findley R
Pennsylvania-11
Benjamin Bourne F
Rhode Island-AL
Samuel Earle R
South Carolina-6
Lemuel Benton R
South Carolina-3
William Loughton Smith F
South Carolina-1
Wade Hampton R
South Carolina-2
Richard Winn R
South Carolina-4
James White
Tennessee-AL
Andrew Jackson R
Tennessee-1
Isaac Coles R
Virginia-6
George Hancock F
Virginia-5
John Heath R
Virginia-19
John Page R
Virginia-12
Francis Preston R
Virginia-4
Robert Rutherford R
Virginia-1
Carter Bassett Harrison R
Virginia-10
Thomas Claiborne R
Virginia-8
Abraham Bedford Venable R
Virginia-7
Andrew Moore R
Virginia-2
James Madison R
Virginia-15
Richard Brent R
Virginia-17
William Branch Giles R
Virginia-9
John Clopton R
Virginia-13
Daniel Buck F
Vermont-2
Israel Smith R
Vermont-1
legislative/lawsLaws enacted
+14Congress.gov ↗
Complete lists of public laws start with the 93rd Congress (Jan 3, 1973). Earlier years show notable and landmark acts only.
14 laws recorded · 0 landmark · 14 notable
Mississippi Organic Act ("An Act for an amicable settlement of limits with the state of Georgia, and authorizing the establishment of a government in the Mississippi territory")
Ch. 28, Sess. 2, 5th Cong. · Apr 7, 1798
The U.S. Department of the Navy was established
Ch. 35, Sess. 2, 5th Cong. · Apr 30, 1798
Alien and Sedition Acts: An Act to establish a uniform rule of naturalization (Naturalization Act of 1798)
Ch. 54, Sess. 2, 5th Cong. · Jun 18, 1798
Alien and Sedition Acts: An Act concerning Aliens
Ch. 58, Sess. 2, 5th Cong. · Jun 25, 1798
Alien and Sedition Acts: An Act respecting Alien Enemies
Ch. 66, Sess. 2, 5th Cong. · Jul 6, 1798
Act Further to Protect the Commerce of the United States
Ch. 68, Sess. 2, 5th Cong. · Jul 9, 1798
The Marine Corps was established
Ch. 72, Sess. 2, 5th Cong. · Jul 11, 1798
Alien and Sedition Acts: An Act for the punishment of certain crimes against the United States (Sedition Act)
Ch. 74, Sess. 2, 5th Cong. · Jul 14, 1798
An Act for the relief of sick and disabled seamen
Ch. 77, Sess. 2, 5th Cong. · Jul 16, 1798
Bankruptcy Act of 1800
Ch. 19, Sess. 1, 6th Cong. · Apr 4, 1800
Show 4 more notable laws
Slave Trade Act of 1800
Ch. 51, Sess. 2, 6th Cong. · May 2, 1800
Indiana Organic Act
Ch. 41, Sess. 1, 6th Cong. · May 7, 1800
Judiciary Act of 1801
Ch. 4, Sess. 2, 6th Cong. · Feb 13, 1801
District of Columbia Organic Act of 1801
Ch. 15, Sess. 2, 6th Cong. · Feb 27, 1801

Judicial3 files+53−3

judicial/supreme-courtThe Supreme Court
+3−3Federal Judicial Center ↗
Bench by appointing party: 6 U → 3 U · 3 F · every justice ↗
James Wilson
appointed by George Washington · 1789
James Iredell
appointed by George Washington · 1790
Oliver Ellsworth
appointed by George Washington · 1796
Bushrod Washington F
appointed by John Adams · 1798
Alfred Moore F
appointed by John Adams · 1799
John Marshall F
appointed by John Adams · 1801
3 justices served on both dates
William Cushing
appointed by George Washington · 1789
William Paterson
appointed by George Washington · 1793
Samuel Chase
appointed by George Washington · 1796
judicial/lower-courtsAppeals & district courts
+26Federal Judicial Center ↗
Courts of appeals (active judges): →
District courts (active judges): 16 U · 1 N( → 10 U · 4 F · 3 N(
John Adams F appointed 23 judges
3 Supreme Court · 4 district · 16 other
None (reassignment) N( appointed 3 judges
3 district
D and R describe the party of the appointing president, not the judge. Active service ends when a judge takes senior status.
judicial/rulingsSupreme Court decisions
+24Supreme Court Database ↗
24 argued decisions · 0 landmark
Landmark means the Court overruled precedent, struck down a federal law, or the case is on a curated landmark list.

Fiscal2 files±0

fiscal/budgetThe federal budget
OMB Historical Tables ↗
Fiscal year undefined → fiscal year undefined · inflation-adjusted with the GDP price index
fiscal/debtTotal public debt outstanding
+$980,000Treasury Fiscal Data ↗
$82M
as of Jan 1, 1797
$83M
as of Jan 1, 1801

Constitution & Union1 file±0

constitution/amendmentsAmendments & statehood
±0National Archives ↗
11 → 11 amendments in force · 16 → 16 states
No amendments ratified and no states admitted. The last amendment was the 27th, in 1992.

Reverts1 file±0

revert/undoneWhat was undone
nothingFederal Register · Congress.gov · SCDB ↗
No executive orders revoked, no rules struck down by Congress, and no precedents overruled in this window (executive-order records begin in 1994).

Log1 file±0

logEverything in between
19 events
John Adams takes office · 1797-03-04Mississippi Organic Act ("An Act for an amicable settlement of limits with the state of Georgia, and authorizing the establishment of a government in the Mississippi territory") · 1798-04-07United States Department of the Navy · 1798-04-30The U.S. Department of the Navy was established · 1798-04-30Alien and Sedition Acts: An Act to establish a uniform rule of naturalization (Naturalization Act of 1798) · 1798-06-18Alien and Sedition Acts: An Act concerning Aliens · 1798-06-25Alien and Sedition Acts: An Act respecting Alien Enemies · 1798-07-06Act Further to Protect the Commerce of the United States · 1798-07-09The Marine Corps was established · 1798-07-11Alien and Sedition Acts: An Act for the punishment of certain crimes against the United States (Sedition Act) · 1798-07-14An Act for the relief of sick and disabled seamen · 1798-07-16Bushrod Washington — Associate Justice · 1798-12-20Alfred Moore — Associate Justice · 1799-12-10Bankruptcy Act of 1800 · 1800-04-04Slave Trade Act of 1800 · 1800-05-02Indiana Organic Act · 1800-05-07John Marshall — Chief Justice · 1801-01-31Judiciary Act of 1801 · 1801-02-13District of Columbia Organic Act of 1801 · 1801-02-271798179918001801
  1. presidentJohn Adams takes office
  2. lawMississippi Organic Act ("An Act for an amicable settlement of limits with the state of Georgia, and authorizing the establishment of a government in the Mississippi territory")
  3. agency+United States Department of the Navy
  4. lawThe U.S. Department of the Navy was established
  5. lawAlien and Sedition Acts: An Act to establish a uniform rule of naturalization (Naturalization Act of 1798)
  6. lawAlien and Sedition Acts: An Act concerning Aliens
  7. lawAlien and Sedition Acts: An Act respecting Alien Enemies
  8. lawAct Further to Protect the Commerce of the United States
  9. lawThe Marine Corps was established
  10. lawAlien and Sedition Acts: An Act for the punishment of certain crimes against the United States (Sedition Act)
  11. lawAn Act for the relief of sick and disabled seamen
  12. justiceBushrod Washington — Associate Justice
  13. justiceAlfred Moore — Associate Justice
  14. lawBankruptcy Act of 1800
  15. lawSlave Trade Act of 1800
  16. lawIndiana Organic Act
  17. justiceJohn Marshall — Chief Justice
  18. lawJudiciary Act of 1801
  19. lawDistrict of Columbia Organic Act of 1801