How did the United States change between Oct 10, 2002 and Oct 16, 2026?
Every branch of government, compared side by side.
24 files changed, 100,830 insertions(+), 938 deletions(−) · 24 years
Laws enacted
+4,4141,550 notable · 8th of 10 since 1974
Executive orders
+1,163signed · 3rd of 5 since 2001
Final rules
+83,9507,560 significant · 3rd of 5 since 2001
Supreme Court
8 of 9seats changed hands
Agencies
+70 −36departments & tracked agencies
Public debt
+$34.1T$6.24T → $40.3T
The presidency passed from George Walker Bush to Donald J. Trump across 4 transitions. Congress enacted 4,414 public laws. 90 senators and 396 representatives took seats that they did not hold before. 8 new justices joined the Supreme Court. Inflation-adjusted federal spending changed +94% (FY2003 → FY2025).
Most unusual Laws enacted: 184 a year, the 8th highest of 10 presidencies since 1974.
Executive7 files+93,184−68
executive/presidentThe presidency
George Walker Bush R
43rd president
3 presidents in between
Barack Hussein Obama D
took office Jan 20, 2009
Donald J. Trump R
took office Jan 20, 2017
Joseph Robinette Biden Jr. D
took office Jan 20, 2021
Donald J. Trump R
47th president · took office Jan 20, 2025
executive/vice-presidentThe vice presidency
J.D. Vance R
took office Jan 20, 2025
executive/cabinetCabinet & senior officials
+30−30Wikidata ↗
Secretary of State · 7 people took this office in between
Marco Rubio R
confirmed 99–0 · Jan 20, 2025
Secretary of the Treasury · 7 people took this office in between
Scott Bessent
confirmed 68–29 · Jan 27, 2025
Secretary of Defense · 9 people took this office in between
Pete Hegseth R
confirmed 51–50 · Jan 24, 2025
Attorney General · 9 people took this office in between
Todd Blanche R
confirmed 50–49 · Aug 8, 2026
Postmaster General · 4 people took this office in between
Secretary of the Navy · 14 people took this office in between
office vacant or abolished
Show 20 more cabinet offices
Secretary of the Interior · 7 people took this office in between
Doug Burgum R
confirmed 80–17 · Jan 30, 2025
Secretary of Agriculture · 7 people took this office in between
Brooke Rollins
confirmed 72–28 · Feb 13, 2025
Secretary of Commerce · 9 people took this office in between
Howard Lutnick R
confirmed 51–45 · Feb 18, 2025
Secretary of Labor · 8 people took this office in between
Secretary of Health and Human Services · 8 people took this office in between
Robert F. Kennedy Jr. I
confirmed 52–48 · Feb 13, 2025
Secretary of Housing and Urban Development · 7 people took this office in between
Scott Turner R
confirmed 55–44 · Feb 5, 2025
Secretary of Transportation · 7 people took this office in between
Sean Duffy R
confirmed 77–22 · Jan 28, 2025
Secretary of Energy · 10 people took this office in between
Chris Wright
confirmed 59–38 · Feb 3, 2025
Secretary of Education · 7 people took this office in between
Linda McMahon R
confirmed 51–45 · Mar 3, 2025
Secretary of Veterans Affairs · 8 people took this office in between
Doug Collins R
confirmed 77–23 · Feb 4, 2025
Secretary of Homeland Security · 9 people took this office in between
office did not exist
Markwayne Mullin R
confirmed 54–45 · Mar 23, 2026
White House Chief of Staff · 12 people took this office in between
Director of the Office of Management and Budget · 13 people took this office in between
Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency · 8 people took this office in between
Lee Zeldin R
confirmed 56–42 · Jan 29, 2025
Ambassador to the United Nations · 15 people took this office in between
Director of National Intelligence · 11 people took this office in between
office did not exist
Jay Clayton I
confirmed 51–47 · Jul 28, 2026
Director of the Central Intelligence Agency · 10 people took this office in between
office did not exist
John Ratcliffe R
confirmed 74–25 · Jan 23, 2025
Administrator of the Small Business Administration · 8 people took this office in between
Kelly Loeffler R
confirmed 52–46 · Feb 19, 2025
office vacant or abolished
U.S. Trade Representative · 5 people took this office in between
Other senior officials (7 changed)
Postmaster General · 4 people took this office in between
Secretary of the Navy · 14 people took this office in between
office vacant or abolished
Chair of the Federal Reserve · 4 people took this office in between
Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff · 8 people took this office in between
Director of the FBI · 3 people took this office in between
National Security Advisor · 11 people took this office in between
Marco Rubio R (acting)
Solicitor General · 7 people took this office in between
executive/ordersExecutive orders
+1,163Federal Register API ↗
1,163 executive orders signed · George W. Bush 213 · Barack Obama 278 · Donald Trump 510 · Joseph R. Biden Jr. 162
341 → 1,214 orders (issued since 1994) in force · 290 revoked in this window
EO 13282 Adjustments of Certain Rates of Pay
signed Dec 31, 2002 by George W. Bush · revoked Dec 30, 2003 by EO 13322 (Bush)
EO 13286 Amendment of Executive Orders, and Other Actions, in Connection With the Transfer of Certain Functions to the Secretary of Homeland Security
signed Feb 28, 2003 by George W. Bush
EO 13292 Further Amendment to Executive Order 12958, as Amended, Classified National Security Information
signed Mar 25, 2003 by George W. Bush · revoked Dec 29, 2009 by EO 13526 (Obama)
EO 13304 Termination of Emergencies With Respect to Yugoslavia and Modification of Executive Order 13219 of June 26, 2001
signed May 28, 2003 by George W. Bush
EO 13315 Blocking Property of the Former Iraqi Regime, Its Senior Officials and Their Family Members, and Taking Certain Other Actions
signed Aug 28, 2003 by George W. Bush
EO 13322 Adjustments of Certain Rates of Pay
signed Dec 30, 2003 by George W. Bush · revoked Mar 3, 2004 by EO 13332 (Bush)
EO 13332 Further Adjustment of Certain Rates of Pay
signed Mar 3, 2004 by George W. Bush · revoked Dec 30, 2004 by EO 13368 (Bush)
EO 13350 Termination of Emergency Declared in Executive Order 12722 With Respect to Iraq and Modification of Executive Order 13290, Executive Order 13303, and Executive Order 13315
signed Jul 29, 2004 by George W. Bush
Show 6 more
EO 13368 Adjustments of Certain Rates of Pay
Dec 30, 2004 · George W. Bush
EO 13387 2005 Amendments to the Manual for Courts-Martial, United States
Oct 14, 2005 · George W. Bush
EO 13391 Blocking Property of Additional Persons Undermining Democratic Processes or Institutions in Zimbabwe
Nov 22, 2005 · George W. Bush
EO 13393 Adjustments of Certain Rates of Pay
Dec 22, 2005 · George W. Bush
EO 13420 Adjustments of Certain Rates of Pay
Dec 21, 2006 · George W. Bush
EO 13430 2007 Amendments to the Manual for Courts-Martial, United States
Apr 18, 2007 · George W. Bush
executive/nominationsSenate confirmations
+7,969Congress.gov ↗
11,623 civilian nominations received · 7,969 confirmed · 530 withdrawn · 3,198 returned to the President
Thomas J. Ridge, of Pennsylvania, to be Secretary of Homeland Security. (New Position)
confirmed Jan 22, 2003 · 94–0
John W. Snow, of Virginia, to be Secretary of the Treasury, vice Paul Henry O'Neill, resigned.
confirmed Jan 30, 2003 · voice vote or unanimous consent
Joshua B. Bolten, of the District of Columbia, to be Director of the Office of Management and Budget, vice Mitchell E. Daniels, Jr., resigned.
confirmed Jun 26, 2003 · voice vote or unanimous consent
Alphonso R. Jackson, of Texas, to be Secretary of Housing and Urban Development, vice Melquiades Rafael Martinez, resigned.
confirmed Mar 31, 2004 · voice vote or unanimous consent
Alan Greenspan, of New York, to be Chairman of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System for a term of four years. (Reappointment)
confirmed Jun 17, 2004 · voice vote or unanimous consent
John C. Danforth, of Missouri, to be the Representative of the United States of America to the United Nations, with the rank and status of Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, and the Representative of the United States of America in the Security Council of the United Nations.
confirmed Jun 24, 2004 · voice vote or unanimous consent
Margaret Spellings, of Texas, to be Secretary of Education, vice Roderick R. Paige, resigned.
confirmed Jan 20, 2005 · voice vote or unanimous consent
Mike Johanns, of Nebraska, to be Secretary of Agriculture, vice Ann Margaret Veneman, resigned.
confirmed Jan 20, 2005 · voice vote or unanimous consent
Carlos M. Gutierrez, of Michigan, to be Secretary of Commerce, vice Donald Louis Evans, resigned.
confirmed Jan 24, 2005 · voice vote or unanimous consent
Jim Nicholson, of Colorado, to be Secretary of Veterans Affairs, vice Anthony Joseph Principi, resigned.
confirmed Jan 26, 2005 · voice vote or unanimous consent
Michael O. Leavitt, of Utah, to be Secretary of Health and Human Services, vice Tommy G. Thompson, resigned.
confirmed Jan 26, 2005 · voice vote or unanimous consent
Show 173 more top confirmations
Condoleezza Rice, of California, to be Secretary of State, vice Colin Luther Powell, resigned.
confirmed Jan 26, 2005 · 85–13
Alberto R. Gonzales, of Texas, to be Attorney General, vice John Ashcroft, resigned.
confirmed Feb 3, 2005 · 60–36
Michael Chertoff, of New Jersey, to be Secretary of Homeland Security, vice Thomas J. Ridge, resigned.
confirmed Feb 15, 2005 · 98–0
John D. Negroponte, of New York, to be Director of National Intelligence. (New Position)
confirmed Apr 21, 2005 · 98–2
John G. Roberts, Jr., of Maryland, to be Chief Justice of the United States, vice William H. Rehnquist, deceased.
confirmed Sep 29, 2005 · 78–22
Robert M. Gates, of Texas, to be Secretary of Defense, vice Donald Henry Rumsfeld, resigned.
confirmed Dec 6, 2006 · 95–2
Jim Nussle, of Iowa, to be Director of the Office of Management and Budget, vice Robert J. Portman.
confirmed Sep 4, 2007 · 69–24
Michael B. Mukasey, of New York, to be Attorney General, vice Alberto R. Gonzales, resigned.
confirmed Nov 8, 2007 · 53–40
Janet Ann Napolitano, of Arizona, to be Secretary of Homeland Security.
confirmed Jan 20, 2009
Kenneth Lee Salazar, of Colorado, to be Secretary of the Interior.
confirmed Jan 20, 2009
Thomas J. Vilsack, of Iowa, to be Secretary of Agriculture.
confirmed Jan 20, 2009
Eric K. Shinseki, of Hawaii, to be Secretary of Veterans Affairs.
confirmed Jan 20, 2009
Arne Duncan, of Illinois, to be Secretary of Education.
confirmed Jan 20, 2009
Steven Chu, of California, to be Secretary of Energy.
confirmed Jan 20, 2009
Hillary Rodham Clinton, of New York, to be Secretary of State.
confirmed Jan 21, 2009 · 94–2
Ray LaHood, of Illinois, to be Secretary of Transportation.
confirmed Jan 22, 2009
Shaun L. S. Donovan, of New York, to be Secretary of Housing and Urban Development.
confirmed Jan 22, 2009
Timothy F. Geithner, of New York, to be Secretary of the Treasury.
confirmed Jan 26, 2009 · 60–34
Eric H. Holder, Jr., of the District of Columbia, to be Attorney General.
confirmed Feb 2, 2009 · 75–21
Hilda L. Solis, of California, to be Secretary of Labor.
confirmed Feb 24, 2009 · 80–17
Gary Locke, of Washington, to be Secretary of Commerce.
confirmed Mar 24, 2009
Kathleen Sebelius, of Kansas, to be Secretary of Health and Human Services.
confirmed Apr 28, 2009 · 65–31
Leon E. Panetta, of California, to be Secretary of Defense, vice Robert M. Gates.
confirmed Jun 21, 2011 · 100–0
David H. Petraeus, of New Hampshire, to be Director of the Central Intelligence Agency, vice Leon E. Panetta.
confirmed Jun 30, 2011 · 94–0
John Edgar Bryson, of California, to be Secretary of Commerce, vice Gary Locke.
confirmed Oct 20, 2011 · 74–26
John Forbes Kerry, of Massachusetts, to be Secretary of State, vice Hillary Rodham Clinton.
confirmed Jan 29, 2013 · 94–3
Charles Timothy Hagel, of Nebraska, to be Secretary of Defense, vice Leon E. Panetta.
confirmed Feb 26, 2013 · 58–41
Jacob J. Lew, of New York, to be Secretary of the Treasury, vice Timothy F. Geithner.
confirmed Feb 27, 2013 · 71–26
John Owen Brennan, of Virginia, to be Director of the Central Intelligence Agency, vice David H. Petraeus, resigned.
confirmed Mar 7, 2013 · 63–34
Sarah Jewell, of Washington, to be Secretary of the Interior, vice Kenneth Lee Salazar.
confirmed Apr 10, 2013 · 87–11
Ernest J. Moniz, of Massachusetts, to be Secretary of Energy, vice Steven Chu.
confirmed May 16, 2013 · 97–0
Penny Pritzker, of Illinois, to be Secretary of Commerce, vice John Edgar Bryson, resigned.
confirmed Jun 25, 2013 · 97–1
Anthony Renard Foxx, of North Carolina, to be Secretary of Transportation, vice Ray LaHood.
confirmed Jun 27, 2013 · 100–0
Thomas Edward Perez, of Maryland, to be Secretary of Labor, vice Hilda L. Solis, resigned.
confirmed Jul 18, 2013 · 54–46
Jeh Charles Johnson, of New Jersey, to be Secretary of Homeland Security, vice Janet Ann Napolitano, resigned.
confirmed Dec 16, 2013 · 78–16
Sylvia Mathews Burwell, of West Virginia, to be Secretary of Health and Human Services, vice Kathleen Sebelius.
confirmed Jun 5, 2014 · 78–17
Julian Castro, of Texas, to be Secretary of Housing and Urban Development, vice Shaun L. S. Donovan.
confirmed Jul 9, 2014 · 71–26
Shaun L. S. Donovan, of New York, to be Director of the Office of Management and Budget, vice Sylvia Mathews Burwell.
confirmed Jul 10, 2014 · 75–22
Robert Alan McDonald, of Ohio, to be Secretary of Veterans Affairs, vice Eric K. Shinseki, resigned.
confirmed Jul 29, 2014 · 97–0
Ashton B. Carter, of Massachusetts, to be Secretary of Defense, vice Charles Timothy Hagel.
confirmed Feb 12, 2015 · 93–5
Loretta E. Lynch, of New York, to be Attorney General, vice Eric H. Holder, Jr.
confirmed Apr 23, 2015 · 56–43
John B. King, of New York, to be Secretary of Education, vice Arne Duncan.
confirmed Mar 14, 2016 · 49–40
John F. Kelly, of Virginia, to be Secretary of Homeland Security.
confirmed Jan 20, 2017 · 88–11
James Mattis, of Washington, to be Secretary of Defense.
confirmed Jan 20, 2017 · 98–1
Mike Pompeo, of Kansas, to be Director of the Central Intelligence Agency, vice John Owen Brennan.
confirmed Jan 23, 2017 · 66–32
Elaine L. Chao, of Kentucky, to be Secretary of Transportation.
confirmed Jan 31, 2017 · 93–6
Rex W. Tillerson, of Texas, to be Secretary of State.
confirmed Feb 1, 2017 · 55–43
Jeff Sessions, of Alabama, to be Attorney General.
confirmed Feb 8, 2017 · 52–47
Thomas Price, of Georgia, to be Secretary of Health and Human Services.
confirmed Feb 10, 2017 · 52–47
David J. Shulkin, of Pennsylvania, to be Secretary of Veterans Affairs.
confirmed Feb 13, 2017 · 100–0
Steven T. Mnuchin, of California, to be Secretary of the Treasury.
confirmed Feb 13, 2017 · 53–47
Scott Pruitt, of Oklahoma, to be Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency.
confirmed Feb 17, 2017 · 52–46
Wilbur L. Ross, Jr., of Florida, to be Secretary of Commerce.
confirmed Feb 27, 2017 · 72–27
Ryan Zinke, of Montana, to be Secretary of the Interior.
confirmed Mar 1, 2017 · 68–31
Benjamin S. Carson, Sr., of Florida, to be Secretary of Housing and Urban Development.
confirmed Mar 2, 2017 · 58–41
James Richard Perry, of Texas, to be Secretary of Energy.
confirmed Mar 2, 2017 · 62–37
Daniel Coats, of Indiana, to be Director of National Intelligence, vice James R. Clapper, Jr.
confirmed Mar 15, 2017 · 85–12
Sonny Perdue, of Georgia, to be Secretary of Agriculture.
confirmed Apr 24, 2017 · 87–11
R. Alexander Acosta, of Florida, to be Secretary of Labor.
confirmed Apr 27, 2017 · 60–38
Kirstjen Nielsen, of Virginia, to be Secretary of Homeland Security, vice John F. Kelly, resigned.
confirmed Dec 5, 2017 · 62–37
Alex Michael Azar II, of Indiana, to be Secretary of Health and Human Services, vice Thomas Price, resigned.
confirmed Jan 24, 2018 · 55–43
Mike Pompeo, of Kansas, to be Secretary of State, vice Rex W. Tillerson.
confirmed Apr 26, 2018 · 57–42
Gina Haspel, of Kentucky, to be Director of the Central Intelligence Agency, vice Mike Pompeo.
confirmed May 17, 2018 · 54–45
Robert L. Wilkie, of North Carolina, to be Secretary of Veterans Affairs, vice David J. Shulkin.
confirmed Jul 23, 2018 · 86–9
William Pelham Barr, of Virginia, to be Attorney General, vice Jeff Sessions, resigned.
confirmed Feb 14, 2019 · 54–45
Andrew Wheeler, of Virginia, to be Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, vice Scott Pruitt.
confirmed Feb 28, 2019 · 52–47
David Bernhardt, of Virginia, to be Secretary of the Interior, vice Ryan Zinke.
confirmed Apr 11, 2019 · 56–41
Mark T. Esper, of Virginia, to be Secretary of Defense, vice James Mattis, resigned.
confirmed Jul 23, 2019 · 90–8
Eugene Scalia, of Virginia, to be Secretary of Labor, vice R. Alexander Acosta, resigned.
confirmed Sep 26, 2019 · 53–44
Dan R. Brouillette, of Texas, to be Secretary of Energy, vice James Richard Perry, resigning.
confirmed Dec 2, 2019 · 70–15
Jovita Carranza, of Illinois, to be Administrator of the Small Business Administration, vice Linda E. McMahon.
confirmed Jan 7, 2020 · 88–5
John L. Ratcliffe, of Texas, to be Director of National Intelligence, vice Daniel Coats, resigned.
confirmed May 21, 2020 · 49–44
Russell Vought, of Virginia, to be Director of the Office of Management and Budget, vice Mick Mulvaney.
confirmed Jul 20, 2020 · 51–45
Avril Danica Haines, of New York, to be Director of National Intelligence.
confirmed Jan 20, 2021 · 84–10
Lloyd James Austin, of Georgia, to be Secretary of Defense.
confirmed Jan 22, 2021 · 93–2
Janet Louise Yellen, of California, to be Secretary of the Treasury.
confirmed Jan 25, 2021 · 84–15
Antony John Blinken, of New York, to be Secretary of State.
confirmed Jan 26, 2021 · 78–22
Peter Paul Montgomery Buttigieg, of Indiana, to be Secretary of Transportation.
confirmed Feb 2, 2021 · 86–13
Alejandro Nicholas Mayorkas, of the District of Columbia, to be Secretary of Homeland Security.
confirmed Feb 2, 2021 · 56–43
Denis Richard McDonough, of Maryland, to be Secretary of Veterans Affairs.
confirmed Feb 8, 2021 · 87–7
Thomas J. Vilsack, of Iowa, to be Secretary of Agriculture.
confirmed Feb 23, 2021 · 92–7
Jennifer Mulhern Granholm, of Michigan, to be Secretary of Energy.
confirmed Feb 25, 2021 · 64–35
Miguel A. Cardona, of Connecticut, to be Secretary of Education.
confirmed Mar 1, 2021 · 64–33
Gina Marie Raimondo, of Rhode Island, to be Secretary of Commerce.
confirmed Mar 2, 2021 · 84–15
Merrick Brian Garland, of Maryland, to be Attorney General.
confirmed Mar 10, 2021 · 70–30
Marcia Louise Fudge, of Ohio, to be Secretary of Housing and Urban Development.
confirmed Mar 10, 2021 · 66–34
Debra Anne Haaland, of New Mexico, to be Secretary of the Interior.
confirmed Mar 15, 2021 · 51–40
Isabella Casillas Guzman, of California, to be Administrator of the Small Business Administration.
confirmed Mar 16, 2021 · 81–17
Xavier Becerra, of California, to be Secretary of Health and Human Services.
confirmed Mar 18, 2021 · 50–49
Martin Joseph Walsh, of Massachusetts, to be Secretary of Labor.
confirmed Mar 22, 2021 · 68–29
Shalanda D. Young, of Louisiana, to be Director of the Office of Management and Budget, vice Russell Vought.
confirmed Mar 15, 2022 · 61–36
Marco Rubio, of Florida, to be Secretary of State.
confirmed Jan 20, 2025 · 99–0
John Ratcliffe, of Texas, to be Director of the Central Intelligence Agency.
confirmed Jan 23, 2025 · 74–25
Peter Hegseth, of Tennessee, to be Secretary of Defense.
confirmed Jan 24, 2025 · 51–50
Kristi Noem, of South Dakota, to be Secretary of Homeland Security.
confirmed Jan 25, 2025 · 59–34
Scott Bessent, of South Carolina, to be Secretary of the Treasury.
confirmed Jan 27, 2025 · 68–29
Sean Duffy, of Wisconsin, to be Secretary of Transportation.
confirmed Jan 28, 2025 · 77–22
Lee Zeldin, of New York, to be Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency.
confirmed Jan 29, 2025 · 56–42
Douglas Burgum, of North Dakota, to be Secretary of the Interior.
confirmed Jan 30, 2025 · 80–17
Christopher Wright, of Colorado, to be Secretary of Energy.
confirmed Feb 3, 2025 · 59–38
Pamela Bondi, of Florida, to be Attorney General.
confirmed Feb 4, 2025 · 54–46
Douglas Collins, of Georgia, to be Secretary of Veterans Affairs.
confirmed Feb 4, 2025 · 77–23
Eric Turner, of Texas, to be Secretary of Housing and Urban Development.
confirmed Feb 5, 2025 · 55–44
Tulsi Gabbard, of Hawaii, to be Director of National Intelligence.
confirmed Feb 12, 2025 · 52–48
Brooke Rollins, of Texas, to be Secretary of Agriculture.
confirmed Feb 13, 2025 · 72–28
Robert F. Kennedy, Jr., of California, to be Secretary of Health and Human Services.
confirmed Feb 13, 2025 · 52–48
Howard Lutnick, of New York, to be Secretary of Commerce.
confirmed Feb 18, 2025 · 51–45
Kelly Loeffler, of Georgia, to be Administrator of the Small Business Administration.
confirmed Feb 19, 2025 · 52–46
Linda McMahon, of Connecticut, to be Secretary of Education.
confirmed Mar 3, 2025 · 51–45
Lori Chavez-DeRemer, of Oregon, to be Secretary of Labor.
confirmed Mar 10, 2025 · 67–32
Markwayne Mullin, of Oklahoma, to be Secretary of Homeland Security, vice Kristi Noem.
confirmed Mar 23, 2026 · 54–45
Walter Clayton, of New York, to be Director of National Intelligence, vice Tulsi Gabbard.
confirmed Jul 28, 2026 · 51–47
Todd Blanche, of Florida, to be Attorney General, vice Pamela Bondi.
confirmed Aug 8, 2026 · 50–49
Keith Sonderling, of Florida, to be Secretary of Labor, vice Lori Chavez-DeRemer, resigned.
confirmed Sep 30, 2026 · 47–41
Civilian nominations only (military promotions excluded). Top confirmations are cabinet-level posts, Supreme Court justices, and the Fed chair.
executive/agenciesFederal agencies
+70−36Wikidata ↗
385 → 425 tracked organizations · 15 → 16 executive departments
United States Department of Homeland Security department
established Nov 25, 2002 · United States federal executive department
Millennium Challenge Corporation
established Jan 1, 2004 · government agency
Office of the Federal Coordinator, Alaska Natural Gas Transportation Projects
established Oct 13, 2004
Federal Housing Finance Agency
established Jan 1, 2008 · U.S. federal agency
Consumer Financial Protection Bureau
established Jul 21, 2011 · agency of the United States government responsible for consumer protection in the financial sector
National Commission on Military, National, and Public Service
established Sep 19, 2017
United States International Development Finance Corporation
established Dec 20, 2019 · an executive agency of the US federal government responsible for providing foreign aid
United States Digital Service
established Aug 11, 2014 · former digital services department of the Executive Office of the President of the United States
Office of the National Cyber Director
established Jan 1, 2021 · US government agency on cybersecurity
Department of Homeland Security, Science and Technology Directorate
established Jan 1, 2003 · U.S. Dept. of Homeland Security Research and Development units
Show 96 more
DHS Management Directorate
established Jan 1, 2003 · U.S. government body support agency
DHS Office of Health Affairs
established Jan 1, 2003 · office in the United States Department of Homeland Security
Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability
established Jan 1, 2003 · US Department of Energy program office
United States Chief Human Capital Officers Council
established Jan 1, 2003 · organization of chief human capital officers of United States executive departments
Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau
established Jan 24, 2003 · United States Treasury bureau which regulates and collects taxes on alcohol, tobacco, and firearms
U.S. Customs and Border Protection
established Mar 1, 2003 · customs service of the United States since 2003
United States Citizenship and Immigration Services
established Mar 1, 2003 · immigration benefits agency of the United States government
United States Immigration and Customs Enforcement
established Mar 1, 2003 · United States federal law enforcement agency
Air Traffic Organization
established Nov 1, 2003 · FAA terminology
Alhurra
established Jan 1, 2004 · US TV station broadcasting to the Arab world
Office of Intelligence and Analysis
established Jan 1, 2004 · agency of the United States Department of the Treasury
Office of Terrorism and Financial Intelligence
established Jan 1, 2004 · United States government agency
Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration
established Jan 1, 2004 · United States government agency
Privacy and Civil Liberties Oversight Board
established Jan 1, 2004 · U.S. government agency
Office of Under Secretary of Energy for Science
established Jan 1, 2005 · American government agency
Research and Innovative Technology Administration
established Feb 22, 2005 · research programs agency within the U.S. Department of Transportation
Administration for Strategic Preparedness and Response
established Jan 1, 2006 · United States federal government agency
Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority
established Jan 1, 2006 · government organization in Washington D.C., United States
CBP Air and Marine Operations
established Jan 1, 2006 · law enforcement agency
Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity
established Jan 1, 2006 · American government agency
United States Department of Justice National Security Division
established Jan 1, 2006 · national Security Division
DHS Office of Intelligence and Analysis
established Jan 1, 2007 · office of the United States Department of Homeland Security
Joint BioEnergy Institute
established Jan 1, 2007 · research institute in Emeryville, California
Civilian Board of Contract Appeals
established Jan 6, 2007 · United States government agency
Operationally Responsive Space Office
established May 21, 2007 · joint initiative of several agencies within the United States Department of Defense
Council of the Inspectors General on Integrity and Efficiency
established Jan 1, 2008 · U.S. government executive branch office created by 2008 Inspector General Reform Act
United States Capitol Visitor Center
established Jan 1, 2008 · underground visitor center in Washington, D.C.
Defense Academic Information Technology Consortium
established May 1, 2008
Office of Financial Stability
established Oct 1, 2008 · office of the United States Department of the Treasury
Office of Congressional Accessibility Services
established Oct 20, 2008 · office providing accessibility services and information in the United States Capitol Complex
ARPA-E
established Jan 1, 2009 · organization
Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission
established Jan 1, 2009
Office of Nuclear Energy
established Jan 1, 2009 · US government agency
Recovery Accountability and Transparency Board
established Jan 1, 2009 · former agency of the United States federal government
Office of Digital Strategy
established Jan 20, 2009 · Executive Branch agency that promotes the U.S. president's messaging through traditional and social media
Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology
established Feb 17, 2009 · U.S. federal agency responsible for national health IT leadership
Office of Government Information Services
established Sep 1, 2009 · office within the National Archives and Records Administration
Bureau of Arms Control, Verification and Compliance
established Jan 1, 2010 · bureau within the U.S. Department of State
Young African Leaders Initiative
established Jan 1, 2010 · US Department of State project
Bureau of Ocean Energy Management
established Oct 1, 2011 · US Water Energy Agency
Bureau of the Fiscal Service
established Jan 1, 2012 · United States federal agency
Defense Forensics and Biometrics Agency
established Jan 1, 2012 · government organization in Charlotte, United States
Northeast Climate Science Center
established Jan 1, 2012 · government organization in Amherst Center, United States
White House Initiative on Advancing Educational Equity, Excellence, and Economic Opportunity for Black Americans
established Jul 26, 2012 · White House initiative housed in the United States Department of Education
Administration for Community Living
established Jan 1, 2014 · United States federal agency that supports the needs of the aging and disability populations, and improves access health care and long-term services
Defense Digital Service
established Jan 1, 2015
Defense Innovation Unit
established Aug 1, 2015 · technological research agency of the United States Department of Defense
National Background Investigations Bureau
established Jan 1, 2016 · succesor Agency to the Federal Investigative Services Division
Global Engagement Center
established Jan 1, 2016 · U.S. federal government agency
Build America Bureau
established Jul 20, 2016
Department of Homeland Security Office of Strategy, Policy, and Plans
established Dec 23, 2016 · office of the United States Department of Homeland Security
NOAA National Weather Service Pacific Region
established Jan 1, 2017 · administers the programs and facilities of the NWS throughout a large expanse of the Pacific
National Vetting Center
established Jan 1, 2018 · United States government agency
Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency
established Nov 16, 2018 · agency of the United States Department of Homeland Security
Countering Weapons of Mass Destruction Office
established Dec 21, 2018
White House Initiative on Advancing Educational Equity, Excellence, and Economic Opportunity for Native Americans and Strengthening Tribal Colleges and Universities
established Oct 11, 2021 · government agency housed in the United States Department of Education
Disinformation Governance Board
established Jan 1, 2022 · board of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security
Advanced Research Projects Agency for Health
established Mar 15, 2022 · United States federal agency established in 2022
Office of Long COVID Research and Practice
established Jan 1, 2023
U.S. Wildland Fire Service
established Jan 1, 2026 · United States government agency
National Commission on Libraries and Information Science
abolished Jan 1, 2008 · U.S. government agency
Office of the Federal Coordinator, Alaska Natural Gas Transportation Projects
abolished Mar 7, 2015
Overseas Private Investment Corporation
abolished Dec 20, 2019 · government agency of the United States of America · replaced by United States International Development Finance Corporation
Dwight D. Eisenhower Memorial Commission
abolished Sep 17, 2020
Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms
abolished Jan 1, 2003 · former American federal agency · replaced by Q434371,Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau
United States Customs Service
abolished Mar 1, 2003 · former customs service of the United States (1789-2003) · replaced by U.S. Customs and Border Protection
United States Immigration and Naturalization Service
abolished Mar 1, 2003 · former immigration service of the United States · replaced by U.S. Customs and Border Protection,United States Immigration and Customs Enforcement,United States Citizenship and Immigration Services
Office of Special Plans
abolished Jun 1, 2003 · U.S. intelligence unit
Research and Special Programs Administration
abolished Jan 1, 2004 · replaced by Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration
Copyright Arbitration Royalty Panel
abolished Jan 1, 2005 · American copyright agency · replaced by Copyright Royalty Board
Farmers Home Administration
abolished Jan 1, 2006 · U.S. federal agency with mission and programs involved in extending credit for agriculture and rural development
Office of Force Transformation
abolished Oct 1, 2006 · office of the United States Department of Defense Office, 2001–2006 · replaced by Office of the Under Secretary of Defense for Policy
Department of Energy Board of Contract Appeals
abolished Jan 6, 2007 · replaced by Civilian Board of Contract Appeals
General Services Administration Board of Contract Appeals
abolished Jan 6, 2007 · replaced by Civilian Board of Contract Appeals
Technology Administration
abolished Aug 9, 2007 · former agency in the Department of Commerce that worked with United States industries
Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service
abolished Sep 1, 2009 · agency of the United States Department of Agriculture (1994-2009) · replaced by National Institute of Food and Agriculture
Employment Standards Administration
abolished Nov 8, 2009 · large agency within the U.S. Department of Labor, ESA was eliminated on November 8, 2009
Tropical Prediction Center
abolished Jan 1, 2010
U.S. Geological Survey Biological Resources Division
abolished Jan 1, 2010 · defunct division of the U.S. Geological Survey · replaced by USGS Ecosystems Mission Area
Minerals Management Service
abolished Jan 1, 2011 · government agency · replaced by Bureau of Ocean Energy Management
Office of Thrift Supervision
abolished Jul 21, 2011 · U.S. Treasury Department agency · replaced by Office of the Comptroller of the Currency
Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense, Networks and Information Integration, Information Management
abolished Jan 11, 2012 · former office of the United States Department of Defense
Research and Innovative Technology Administration
abolished Jan 1, 2014 · research programs agency within the U.S. Department of Transportation
Defense Prisoner of War/Missing Personnel Office
abolished Jan 30, 2015 · agency of the United States Department of Defense · replaced by Defense POW/MIA Accounting Agency
Recovery Accountability and Transparency Board
abolished Sep 30, 2015 · former agency of the United States federal government
Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center
abolished Sep 30, 2017 · organization
National Background Investigations Bureau
abolished Jan 1, 2019 · succesor Agency to the Federal Investigative Services Division · replaced by Defense Counterintelligence and Security Agency
Development Credit Authority
abolished Dec 20, 2019 · replaced by United States International Development Finance Corporation
Disinformation Governance Board
abolished Aug 24, 2022 · board of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security
Global Engagement Center
abolished Dec 24, 2024 · U.S. federal government agency
White House Initiative on Advancing Educational Equity, Excellence, and Economic Opportunity for Hispanics
abolished Jan 20, 2025 · initiative housed in the United States Department of Education
White House Initiative on Asian Americans, Native Hawaiians, and Pacific Islanders
abolished Jan 20, 2025 · United States governmental office
White House Initiative on Advancing Educational Equity, Excellence, and Economic Opportunity for Black Americans
abolished Jan 20, 2025 · White House initiative housed in the United States Department of Education
White House Initiative on Advancing Educational Equity, Excellence, and Economic Opportunity for Native Americans and Strengthening Tribal Colleges and Universities
abolished Jan 20, 2025 · government agency housed in the United States Department of Education
Office of Educational Technology
abolished Mar 20, 2025 · office within United States Department of Education
NOAA Environmental Modeling Center
abolished Jan 1, 2026 · United States weather agency · replaced by NOAA Office of Modeling and Development
Agency start and end dates come from Wikidata, which covers smaller bureaus unevenly.
executive/regulationsFederal regulations
+83,950Federal Register API ↗
83,950 final rules published in the Federal Register
from Oct 10, 2002
7,560 of them flagged "significant" under EO 12866
major economic or policy impact
53,910 proposed rules · 572,131 notices
Loading which agencies published the most rules…
Final rules carry the force of law. Rescissions count as rules too, so this measures regulatory activity, not net growth.
Military4 files+19−12
military/conflictsArmed conflicts
U.S. in 1 armed conflict → 7
War against al-Qaida
ended Dec 4, 2017 · U.S. a principal party · against al-Qaida
Iraq: insurgency and war against IS
began Aug 8, 2014 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against IS
Somalia: al-Shabaab
began 2015 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against Al-Shabaab
Iran–Israel conflict
began 2020 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against Israel
Red Sea: the Houthis (Yemen)
began Feb 3, 2024 · U.S. a principal party · against Ansarallah (the Houthis)
Syria: Islamic State
began 2025 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against IS
Nigeria: Islamic State
began 2025 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against IS
Somalia: Islamic State
began Feb 1, 2025 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against IS
11 conflicts began and ended in between
War in Afghanistan (Taliban insurgency)
2003 – Aug 30, 2021 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against the Taliban
Invasion of Iraq
Mar 23, 2003 – Apr 28, 2003 · U.S. a principal party · against Iraq
Iraq: insurgency and war against IS
Jan 18, 2004 – Dec 18, 2011 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against Ansar al-Islam, IS
Yemen: Houthis and AQAP
2009 – 2014 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against Ansarallah, AQAP
Afghanistan: Islamic State
Mar 3, 2015 – Aug 30, 2021 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against IS
Libya: Islamic State
2016 – Sep 29, 2019 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against IS
Niger: Islamic State
2017 – 2022 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against IS
Kenya: al-Shabaab
2019 – 2021 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against Al-Shabaab
Somalia: Islamic State
Jun 4, 2019 – Dec 19, 2021 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against IS
War against al-Qaida
Jul 31, 2019 – Sep 7, 2019 · U.S. a principal party · against al-Qaida
Niger: JNIM
Dec 9, 2021 – 2022 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against JNIM
An armed conflict here means at least 25 battle deaths in a year, with U.S. forces as a party or fighting for a government (UCDP's definition). Air strikes, raids, and advisory missions below that threshold aren't included. UN peacekeeping missions are excluded. UCDP data runs through 2025, so "active" on later dates means active at the end of 2025.
military/troopsU.S. troops abroad
−36,049 troops abroadDMDC via troopdata (Allen, Flynn & Martinez Machain) ↗
199,822 → 163,773 active-duty troops stationed abroad · 1,369,323 → 1,335,749 total active duty
15 → 10 countries with 1,000 or more U.S. troops
as of Sep 30, 2002 → as of Mar 31, 2026
Germany 68,701 → 37,009
−31,692
South Korea 37,743 → 23,372
−14,371
Japan 41,848 → 54,891
+13,043
Afghanistan 9,000 → 0
−9,000
Guam 3,149 → 7,137
+3,988
Bosnia and Herzegovina 3,082 → 17
−3,065
Yugoslavia 2,804 → 0
−2,804
Puerto Rico 2,592 → 673
−1,919
Iceland 1,665 → 1
−1,664
Bahrain 1,560 → 3,151
+1,591
Spain 2,621 → 3,835
+1,214
Portugal 992 → 247
−745
Largest U.S. deployments as of Mar 31, 2026
Japan 54,891
Germany 37,009
South Korea 23,372
Italy 12,783
United Kingdom 10,158
Guam 7,137
Spain 3,835
Bahrain 3,151
Active-duty personnel assigned to each country in the Defense Department's location reports, which leave out most combat deployments, forces afloat, and short rotations: Iraq, Syria, and Afghanistan during their wars are press or Pentagon estimates, and Iraq and Syria read zero after 2023 although a few thousand troops remained. Each date shows the latest report on or before it.
military/spendingCost of war
$1.76T war fundingDoD Cost of War reports · CRS ↗
$1.76T spent on named war operations, fiscal years 2003–2024 · Defense Department obligations
Afghanistan $875B
Enduring Freedom → Freedom's Sentinel → Enduring Sentinel · FY2003–FY2024
Iraq & Syria $805B
Iraqi Freedom → New Dawn → Inherent Resolve · FY2003–FY2024
Ukraine $79.1B
U.S. support operations · FY2022–FY2024
Lifetime cost of wars fought in this window · constant FY2011 dollars (CRS)
War in Afghanistan (Taliban insurgency) $321B
0.7% of GDP in its peak year · 2001–2021
Iraq War $784B
1% of GDP in its peak year · 2003–2011
Operation spending is what the Defense Department obligated to each named operation in each fiscal year, from its Cost of War reports; it excludes State Department and USAID programs, veterans' care, interest, and base budgets. Lifetime costs are the Congressional Research Service's estimates of direct military spending for each war, in FY2011 dollars.
military/authorizationsDeclarations of war & authorizations
Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Iraq (2002)
Oct 16, 2002 · Authorized the Iraq War (Pub. L. 107-243).
Legislative4 files+4,900−485
legislative/controlControl of Congress
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
Top: House · Bottom: Senate DemocraticRepublican
107th Congress → 119th Congress · 12 new Congresses elected
9 changes of chamber control along the way
House: Republican majority on both dates
223 R · 209 D → 219 R · 214 D
Senate: Democrat majority
51 D · 49 R
Senate: Republican majority
53 R · 47 D
legislative/senateSenate
+90−90congress-legislators ↗
90 new members · 90 departed · 10 served on both dates · women 13 → 27 · median age 60 → 66
34 seats changed party
Show 30 more seat flips
Who joined and who left (90 in · 90 out)
Dan Sullivan R
Alaska
Lisa Murkowski R
Alaska
Tommy Tuberville R
Alabama
Katie Boyd Britt R
Alabama
Tom Cotton R
Arkansas
John Boozman R
Arkansas
Mark Kelly D
Arizona
Ruben Gallego D
Arizona
Alex Padilla D
California
Adam B. Schiff D
California
John W. Hickenlooper D
Colorado
Michael F. Bennet D
Colorado
Richard Blumenthal D
Connecticut
Christopher Murphy D
Connecticut
Christopher A. Coons D
Delaware
Lisa Blunt Rochester D
Delaware
Rick Scott R
Florida
Ashley Moody R
Florida
Jon Ossoff D
Georgia
Raphael G. Warnock D
Georgia
Brian Schatz D
Hawaii
Mazie K. Hirono D
Hawaii
Joni Ernst R
Iowa
James E. Risch R
Idaho
Tammy Duckworth D
Illinois
Todd Young R
Indiana
Jim Banks R
Indiana
Roger Marshall R
Kansas
Jerry Moran R
Kansas
Rand Paul R
Kentucky
Bill Cassidy R
Louisiana
John Kennedy R
Louisiana
Edward J. Markey D
Massachusetts
Elizabeth Warren D
Massachusetts
Chris Van Hollen D
Maryland
Angela D. Alsobrooks D
Maryland
Angus S. King, Jr. I
Maine
Gary C. Peters D
Michigan
Elissa Slotkin D
Michigan
Tina Smith D
Minnesota
Amy Klobuchar D
Minnesota
Eric Schmitt R
Missouri
Josh Hawley R
Missouri
Cindy Hyde-Smith R
Mississippi
Roger F. Wicker R
Mississippi
Steve Daines R
Montana
Tim Sheehy R
Montana
Thom Tillis R
North Carolina
Ted Budd R
North Carolina
John Hoeven R
North Dakota
Kevin Cramer R
North Dakota
Pete Ricketts R
Nebraska
Deb Fischer R
Nebraska
Jeanne Shaheen D
New Hampshire
Margaret Wood Hassan D
New Hampshire
Cory A. Booker D
New Jersey
Andy Kim D
New Jersey
Ben Ray Luján D
New Mexico
Martin Heinrich D
New Mexico
Catherine Cortez Masto D
Nevada
Jacky Rosen D
Nevada
Kirsten E. Gillibrand D
New York
Bernie Moreno R
Ohio
Jon Husted R
Ohio
James Lankford R
Oklahoma
Alan Armstrong R
Oklahoma
Jeff Merkley D
Oregon
John Fetterman D
Pennsylvania
David McCormick R
Pennsylvania
Sheldon Whitehouse D
Rhode Island
Tim Scott R
South Carolina
Darline Graham R
South Carolina
Mike Rounds R
South Dakota
John Thune R
South Dakota
Bill Hagerty R
Tennessee
Marsha Blackburn R
Tennessee
John Cornyn R
Texas
Ted Cruz R
Texas
Mike Lee R
Utah
John R. Curtis R
Utah
Mark R. Warner D
Virginia
Tim Kaine D
Virginia
Peter Welch D
Vermont
Bernard Sanders I
Vermont
Ron Johnson R
Wisconsin
Tammy Baldwin D
Wisconsin
Shelley Moore Capito R
West Virginia
James C. Justice R
West Virginia
Cynthia M. Lummis R
Wyoming
John Barrasso R
Wyoming
Ted F. Stevens R
Alaska
Frank H. Murkowski R
Alaska
Jeff Sessions R
Alabama
Richard C. Shelby R
Alabama
Tim Hutchinson R
Arkansas
Blanche Lambert Lincoln D
Arkansas
John McCain R
Arizona
Jon Kyl R
Arizona
Barbara Boxer D
California
Dianne Feinstein D
California
Wayne A. Allard R
Colorado
Ben Nighthorse Campbell R
Colorado
Christopher J. Dodd D
Connecticut
Joseph I. Lieberman D
Connecticut
Joseph R. Biden Jr. D
Delaware
Thomas R. Carper D
Delaware
Bob Graham D
Florida
Bill Nelson D
Florida
J. Maxwell Cleland D
Georgia
Zell Bryan Miller D
Georgia
Daniel K. Inouye D
Hawaii
Daniel K. Akaka D
Hawaii
Tom Harkin D
Iowa
Larry E. Craig R
Idaho
Peter G. Fitzgerald R
Illinois
Evan Bayh D
Indiana
Richard G. Lugar R
Indiana
Pat Roberts R
Kansas
Samuel D. Brownback R
Kansas
Jim Bunning R
Kentucky
Mary L. Landrieu D
Louisiana
John B. Breaux D
Louisiana
John F. Kerry D
Massachusetts
Edward M. Kennedy D
Massachusetts
Barbara A. Mikulski D
Maryland
Paul S. Sarbanes D
Maryland
Olympia J. Snowe R
Maine
Carl Levin D
Michigan
Debbie Stabenow D
Michigan
Paul David Wellstone D
Minnesota
Mark Dayton D
Minnesota
Christopher S. Bond R
Missouri
Jean Carnahan D
Missouri
Thad Cochran R
Mississippi
Trent Lott R
Mississippi
Max Baucus D
Montana
Conrad Burns R
Montana
Jesse Helms R
North Carolina
John Reid Edwards D
North Carolina
Byron L. Dorgan D
North Dakota
Kent Conrad D
North Dakota
Charles T. Hagel R
Nebraska
Ben Nelson D
Nebraska
Robert Smith R
New Hampshire
Judd A. Gregg R
New Hampshire
Robert Torricelli D
New Jersey
Jon Stevens Corzine D
New Jersey
Pete V. Domenici R
New Mexico
Jeff Bingaman D
New Mexico
Harry Reid D
Nevada
John Eric Ensign R
Nevada
Hillary Rodham Clinton D
New York
George V. Voinovich R
Ohio
Michael DeWine R
Ohio
James M. Inhofe R
Oklahoma
Don Nickles R
Oklahoma
Gordon Harold Smith R
Oregon
Arlen Specter R
Pennsylvania
Richard J. Santorum R
Pennsylvania
Lincoln D. Chafee R
Rhode Island
J. Strom Thurmond R
South Carolina
Ernest F. Hollings D
South Carolina
Tim Johnson D
South Dakota
Thomas A. Daschle D
South Dakota
Fred Thompson R
Tennessee
William H. Frist R
Tennessee
Phil Gramm R
Texas
Kay Bailey Hutchison R
Texas
Robert F. Bennett R
Utah
Orrin G. Hatch R
Utah
John W. Warner R
Virginia
George Felix Allen R
Virginia
Patrick J. Leahy D
Vermont
James M. Jeffords I
Vermont
Russell D. Feingold D
Wisconsin
Herb Kohl D
Wisconsin
John D. Rockefeller, IV D
West Virginia
Robert C. Byrd D
West Virginia
Michael B. Enzi R
Wyoming
Craig Thomas R
Wyoming
legislative/houseHouse
+396−395congress-legislators ↗
396 new members · 395 departed · 37 served on both dates · women 59 → 125 · median age 56 → 59
39 state delegations changed
Show delegation changes
Arkansas 3 D · 1 R
Arkansas 0 D · 4 R
Arizona 1 D · 5 R
Arizona 3 D · 6 R
California 32 D · 20 R
California 43 D · 9 R
Colorado 2 D · 4 R
Colorado 4 D · 4 R
Connecticut 3 D · 3 R
Connecticut 5 D · 0 R
Delaware 0 D · 1 R
Delaware 1 D · 0 R
Florida 8 D · 15 R
Florida 7 D · 20 R
Georgia 3 D · 8 R
Georgia 5 D · 9 R
Hawaii 1 D · 0 R
Hawaii 2 D · 0 R
Iowa 1 D · 4 R
Iowa 0 D · 4 R
Illinois 10 D · 10 R
Illinois 14 D · 3 R
Indiana 4 D · 6 R
Indiana 2 D · 7 R
Louisiana 2 D · 5 R
Louisiana 2 D · 4 R
Massachusetts 10 D · 0 R
Massachusetts 9 D · 0 R
Maryland 4 D · 4 R
Maryland 7 D · 1 R
Michigan 9 D · 7 R
Michigan 6 D · 7 R
Minnesota 5 D · 3 R
Minnesota 4 D · 4 R
Missouri 4 D · 5 R
Missouri 2 D · 6 R
Mississippi 3 D · 2 R
Mississippi 1 D · 3 R
Montana 0 D · 1 R
Montana 0 D · 2 R
North Carolina 5 D · 7 R
North Carolina 4 D · 10 R
North Dakota 1 D · 0 R
North Dakota 0 D · 1 R
New Hampshire 0 D · 2 R
New Hampshire 2 D · 0 R
New Jersey 7 D · 6 R
New Jersey 9 D · 3 R
New Mexico 1 D · 2 R
New Mexico 3 D · 0 R
Nevada 1 D · 1 R
Nevada 3 D · 1 R
New York 19 D · 12 R
New York 19 D · 7 R
Ohio 6 D · 11 R
Ohio 5 D · 10 R
Oklahoma 1 D · 5 R
Oklahoma 0 D · 5 R
Oregon 4 D · 1 R
Oregon 5 D · 1 R
Pennsylvania 10 D · 11 R
Pennsylvania 7 D · 10 R
South Carolina 2 D · 4 R
South Carolina 1 D · 6 R
Tennessee 4 D · 5 R
Tennessee 1 D · 8 R
Texas 17 D · 13 R
Texas 13 D · 24 R
Utah 1 D · 2 R
Utah 0 D · 4 R
Virginia 3 D · 8 R
Virginia 6 D · 5 R
Washington 6 D · 3 R
Washington 8 D · 2 R
Wisconsin 5 D · 4 R
Wisconsin 2 D · 6 R
West Virginia 2 D · 1 R
West Virginia 0 D · 2 R
Who joined and who left (396 in · 395 out)
Nicholas J. Begich III R
Alaska-AL
Mike Rogers R
Alabama-3
Terri A. Sewell D
Alabama-7
Gary J. Palmer R
Alabama-6
Barry Moore R
Alabama-1
Dale W. Strong R
Alabama-5
Shomari Figures D
Alabama-2
Eric A. "Rick" Crawford R
Arkansas-1
Steve Womack R
Arkansas-3
J. French Hill R
Arkansas-2
Bruce Westerman R
Arkansas-4
Paul A. Gosar R
Arizona-9
David Schweikert R
Arizona-1
Andy Biggs R
Arizona-5
Greg Stanton D
Arizona-4
Elijah Crane R
Arizona-2
Juan Ciscomani R
Arizona-6
Yassamin Ansari D
Arizona-3
Abraham J. Hamadeh R
Arizona-8
Adelita S. Grijalva D
Arizona-7
Judy Chu D
California-28
Jim Costa D
California-21
John Garamendi D
California-8
Doris O. Matsui D
California-7
Tom McClintock R
California-5
Linda T. Sánchez D
California-38
Jared Huffman D
California-2
Ami Bera D
California-6
Julia Brownley D
California-26
Raul Ruiz D
California-25
Mark Takano D
California-39
Juan Vargas D
California-52
Scott H. Peters D
California-50
Mark DeSaulnier D
California-10
Pete Aguilar D
California-33
Ted Lieu D
California-36
Norma J. Torres D
California-35
Ro Khanna D
California-17
Jimmy Panetta D
California-19
Salud O. Carbajal D
California-24
Nanette Diaz Barragán D
California-44
J. Luis Correa D
California-46
Jimmy Gomez D
California-34
Josh Harder D
California-9
Mike Levin D
California-49
David G. Valadao R
California-22
Jay Obernolte R
California-23
Young Kim R
California-40
Sara Jacobs D
California-51
Kevin Mullin D
California-15
Sydney Kamlager-Dove D
California-37
Robert Garcia D
California-42
Vince Fong R
California-20
Gilbert Ray Cisneros, Jr. D
California-31
Lateefah Simon D
California-12
Adam Gray D
California-13
Sam T. Liccardo D
California-16
George Whitesides D
California-27
Luz M. Rivas D
California-29
Laura Friedman D
California-30
Derek Tran D
California-45
Dave Min D
California-47
Kevin Kiley I
California-3
James Gallagher R
California-1
Aisha Wahab D
California-14
Joe Neguse D
Colorado-2
Jason Crow D
Colorado-6
Lauren Boebert R
Colorado-4
Brittany Pettersen D
Colorado-7
Jeff Hurd R
Colorado-3
Jeff Crank R
Colorado-5
Gabe Evans R
Colorado-8
Joe Courtney D
Connecticut-2
James A. Himes D
Connecticut-4
Jahana Hayes D
Connecticut-5
Sarah McBride D
Delaware-AL
Gus M. Bilirakis R
Florida-12
Vern Buchanan R
Florida-16
Kathy Castor D
Florida-14
Mario Diaz-Balart R
Florida-26
Debbie Wasserman Schultz D
Florida-25
Daniel Webster R
Florida-11
Frederica S. Wilson D
Florida-24
Lois Frankel D
Florida-22
Neal P. Dunn R
Florida-2
John H. Rutherford R
Florida-5
Darren Soto D
Florida-9
Brian J. Mast R
Florida-21
W. Gregory Steube R
Florida-17
Kat Cammack R
Florida-3
Scott Franklin R
Florida-18
Byron Donalds R
Florida-19
Carlos A. Gimenez R
Florida-28
Maria Elvira Salazar R
Florida-27
Aaron Bean R
Florida-4
Cory Mills R
Florida-7
Maxwell Frost D
Florida-10
Anna Paulina Luna R
Florida-13
Laurel M. Lee R
Florida-15
Jared Moskowitz D
Florida-23
Mike Haridopolos R
Florida-8
Jimmy Patronis R
Florida-1
Randy Fine R
Florida-6
Henry C. "Hank" Johnson, Jr. D
Georgia-4
Austin Scott R
Georgia-8
Earl L. "Buddy" Carter R
Georgia-1
Barry Loudermilk R
Georgia-11
Rick W. Allen R
Georgia-12
Lucy McBath D
Georgia-6
Nikema Williams D
Georgia-5
Andrew S. Clyde R
Georgia-9
Richard McCormick R
Georgia-7
Mike Collins R
Georgia-10
Brian Jack R
Georgia-3
Clay Fuller R
Georgia-14
Everton Blair Jr. D
Georgia-13
Ed Case D
Hawaii-1
Jill N. Tokuda D
Hawaii-2
Ashley Hinson R
Iowa-2
Mariannette Miller-Meeks R
Iowa-1
Randy Feenstra R
Iowa-4
Zachary Nunn R
Iowa-3
Russ Fulcher R
Idaho-1
Mike Quigley D
Illinois-5
Bill Foster D
Illinois-11
Robin L. Kelly D
Illinois-2
Mike Bost R
Illinois-12
Darin LaHood R
Illinois-16
Bradley Scott Schneider D
Illinois-10
Raja Krishnamoorthi D
Illinois-8
Jesús G. "Chuy" García D
Illinois-4
Sean Casten D
Illinois-6
Lauren Underwood D
Illinois-14
Mary E. Miller R
Illinois-15
Jonathan L. Jackson D
Illinois-1
Delia C. Ramirez D
Illinois-3
Nikki Budzinski D
Illinois-13
Eric Sorensen D
Illinois-17
André Carson D
Indiana-7
James R. Baird R
Indiana-4
Frank J. Mrvan D
Indiana-1
Victoria Spartz R
Indiana-5
Rudy Yakym III R
Indiana-2
Erin Houchin R
Indiana-9
Marlin A. Stutzman R
Indiana-3
Jefferson Shreve R
Indiana-6
Mark B. Messmer R
Indiana-8
Ron Estes R
Kansas-4
Sharice Davids D
Kansas-3
Tracey Mann R
Kansas-1
Derek Schmidt R
Kansas-2
Brett Guthrie R
Kentucky-2
Thomas Massie R
Kentucky-4
Andy Barr R
Kentucky-6
James Comer R
Kentucky-1
Morgan McGarvey D
Kentucky-3
Steve Scalise R
Louisiana-1
Clay Higgins R
Louisiana-3
Mike Johnson R
Louisiana-4
Julia Letlow R
Louisiana-5
Troy A. Carter D
Louisiana-2
Cleo Fields D
Louisiana-6
William R. Keating D
Massachusetts-9
Katherine M. Clark D
Massachusetts-5
Seth Moulton D
Massachusetts-6
Lori Trahan D
Massachusetts-3
Ayanna Pressley D
Massachusetts-7
Jake Auchincloss D
Massachusetts-4
Andy Harris R
Maryland-1
Jamie Raskin D
Maryland-8
Kweisi Mfume D
Maryland-7
Glenn Ivey D
Maryland-4
Johnny Olszewski, Jr. D
Maryland-2
Sarah Elfreth D
Maryland-3
April McClain Delaney D
Maryland-6
Chellie Pingree D
Maine-1
Jared F. Golden D
Maine-2
Bill Huizenga R
Michigan-4
Tim Walberg R
Michigan-5
John R. Moolenaar R
Michigan-2
Debbie Dingell D
Michigan-6
Jack Bergman R
Michigan-1
Haley M. Stevens D
Michigan-11
Rashida Tlaib D
Michigan-12
Lisa C. McClain R
Michigan-9
Hillary J. Scholten D
Michigan-3
John James R
Michigan-10
Shri Thanedar D
Michigan-13
Tom Barrett R
Michigan-7
Kristen McDonald Rivet D
Michigan-8
Tom Emmer R
Minnesota-6
Angie Craig D
Minnesota-2
Ilhan Omar D
Minnesota-5
Pete Stauber R
Minnesota-8
Michelle Fischbach R
Minnesota-7
Brad Finstad R
Minnesota-1
Kelly Morrison D
Minnesota-3
Emanuel Cleaver D
Missouri-5
Ann Wagner R
Missouri-2
Jason Smith R
Missouri-8
Mark Alford R
Missouri-4
Eric Burlison R
Missouri-7
Wesley Bell D
Missouri-1
Robert F. Onder, Jr. R
Missouri-3
Trent Kelly R
Mississippi-1
Michael Guest R
Mississippi-3
Mike Ezell R
Mississippi-4
Ryan K. Zinke R
Montana-1
Troy Downing R
Montana-2
Virginia Foxx R
North Carolina-5
Richard Hudson R
North Carolina-9
Alma S. Adams D
North Carolina-12
David Rouzer R
North Carolina-7
Gregory F. Murphy R
North Carolina-3
Deborah K. Ross D
North Carolina-2
Donald G. Davis D
North Carolina-1
Valerie P. Foushee D
North Carolina-4
Chuck Edwards R
North Carolina-11
Addison P. McDowell R
North Carolina-6
Mark Harris R
North Carolina-8
Pat Harrigan R
North Carolina-10
Brad Knott R
North Carolina-13
Tim Moore R
North Carolina-14
Julie Fedorchak R
North Dakota-AL
Adrian Smith R
Nebraska-3
Don Bacon R
Nebraska-2
Mike Flood R
Nebraska-1
Chris Pappas D
New Hampshire-1
Maggie Goodlander D
New Hampshire-2
Donald Norcross D
New Jersey-1
Bonnie Watson Coleman D
New Jersey-12
Josh Gottheimer D
New Jersey-5
Jefferson Van Drew R
New Jersey-2
Thomas H. Kean, Jr. R
New Jersey-7
Robert Menendez D
New Jersey-8
LaMonica McIver D
New Jersey-10
Herbert C. Conaway, Jr. D
New Jersey-3
Nellie Pou D
New Jersey-9
Analilia Mejia D
New Jersey-11
Teresa Leger Fernandez D
New Mexico-3
Melanie A. Stansbury D
New Mexico-1
Gabe Vasquez D
New Mexico-2
Mark E. Amodei R
Nevada-2
Dina Titus D
Nevada-1
Steven Horsford D
Nevada-4
Susie Lee D
Nevada-3
Yvette D. Clarke D
New York-9
Paul Tonko D
New York-20
Grace Meng D
New York-6
Hakeem S. Jeffries D
New York-8
Elise M. Stefanik R
New York-21
Adriano Espaillat D
New York-13
Joseph D. Morelle D
New York-25
Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez D
New York-14
Andrew R. Garbarino R
New York-2
Nicole Malliotakis R
New York-11
Ritchie Torres D
New York-15
Claudia Tenney R
New York-24
Patrick Ryan D
New York-18
Nick LaLota R
New York-1
Daniel S. Goldman D
New York-10
Michael Lawler R
New York-17
Nicholas A. Langworthy R
New York-23
Thomas R. Suozzi D
New York-3
Timothy M. Kennedy D
New York-26
Laura Gillen D
New York-4
George Latimer D
New York-16
Josh Riley D
New York-19
John W. Mannion D
New York-22
Jim Jordan R
Ohio-4
Robert E. Latta R
Ohio-5
Michael R. Turner R
Ohio-10
Joyce Beatty D
Ohio-3
David P. Joyce R
Ohio-14
Warren Davidson R
Ohio-8
Troy Balderson R
Ohio-12
Shontel M. Brown D
Ohio-11
Mike Carey R
Ohio-15
Greg Landsman D
Ohio-1
Max L. Miller R
Ohio-7
Emilia Strong Sykes D
Ohio-13
Michael A. Rulli R
Ohio-6
David J. Taylor R
Ohio-2
Tom Cole R
Oklahoma-4
Kevin Hern R
Oklahoma-1
Stephanie I. Bice R
Oklahoma-5
Josh Brecheen R
Oklahoma-2
Suzanne Bonamici D
Oregon-1
Cliff Bentz R
Oregon-2
Val T. Hoyle D
Oregon-4
Andrea Salinas D
Oregon-6
Maxine Dexter D
Oregon-3
Janelle S. Bynum D
Oregon-5
Mike Kelly R
Pennsylvania-16
Glenn Thompson R
Pennsylvania-15
Scott Perry R
Pennsylvania-10
Brendan F. Boyle D
Pennsylvania-2
Dwight Evans D
Pennsylvania-3
Brian K. Fitzpatrick R
Pennsylvania-1
Lloyd Smucker R
Pennsylvania-11
Mary Gay Scanlon D
Pennsylvania-5
Madeleine Dean D
Pennsylvania-4
Chrissy Houlahan D
Pennsylvania-6
Daniel Meuser R
Pennsylvania-9
John Joyce R
Pennsylvania-13
Guy Reschenthaler R
Pennsylvania-14
Summer L. Lee D
Pennsylvania-12
Christopher R. Deluzio D
Pennsylvania-17
Ryan Mackenzie R
Pennsylvania-7
Robert P. Bresnahan, Jr. R
Pennsylvania-8
Seth Magaziner D
Rhode Island-2
Gabe Amo D
Rhode Island-1
Ralph Norman R
South Carolina-5
William R. Timmons IV R
South Carolina-4
Nancy Mace R
South Carolina-1
Russell Fry R
South Carolina-7
Sheri Biggs R
South Carolina-3
Dusty Johnson R
South Dakota-AL
Steve Cohen D
Tennessee-9
Scott DesJarlais R
Tennessee-4
Charles J. "Chuck" Fleischmann R
Tennessee-3
David Kustoff R
Tennessee-8
Tim Burchett R
Tennessee-2
John W. Rose R
Tennessee-6
Diana Harshbarger R
Tennessee-1
Andrew Ogles R
Tennessee-5
Matt Van Epps R
Tennessee-7
John R. Carter R
Texas-31
Henry Cuellar D
Texas-28
Al Green D
Texas-9
Michael T. McCaul R
Texas-10
Randy K. Weber, Sr. R
Texas-14
Joaquin Castro D
Texas-20
Roger Williams R
Texas-25
Marc A. Veasey D
Texas-33
Brian Babin R
Texas-36
Vicente Gonzalez D
Texas-34
Jodey C. Arrington R
Texas-19
Michael Cloud R
Texas-27
Dan Crenshaw R
Texas-2
Lance Gooden R
Texas-5
Lizzie Fletcher D
Texas-7
Veronica Escobar D
Texas-16
Chip Roy R
Texas-21
Sylvia R. Garcia D
Texas-29
Pat Fallon R
Texas-4
August Pfluger R
Texas-11
Ronny Jackson R
Texas-13
Troy E. Nehls R
Texas-22
Beth Van Duyne R
Texas-24
Jake Ellzey R
Texas-6
Nathaniel Moran R
Texas-1
Keith Self R
Texas-3
Morgan Luttrell R
Texas-8
Monica De La Cruz R
Texas-15
Jasmine Crockett D
Texas-30
Greg Casar D
Texas-35
Wesley Hunt R
Texas-38
Craig A. Goldman R
Texas-12
Brandon Gill R
Texas-26
Julie Johnson D
Texas-32
Christian D. Menefee D
Texas-18
Blake D. Moore R
Utah-1
Burgess Owens R
Utah-4
Celeste Maloy R
Utah-2
Mike Kennedy R
Utah-3
H. Morgan Griffith R
Virginia-9
Robert J. Wittman R
Virginia-1
Donald S. Beyer, Jr. D
Virginia-8
Ben Cline R
Virginia-6
Jennifer A. Kiggans R
Virginia-2
Jennifer L. McClellan D
Virginia-4
John J. McGuire III R
Virginia-5
Eugene Simon Vindman D
Virginia-7
Suhas Subramanyam D
Virginia-10
James R. Walkinshaw D
Virginia-11
Becca Balint D
Vermont-AL
Suzan K. DelBene D
Washington-1
Dan Newhouse R
Washington-4
Pramila Jayapal D
Washington-7
Kim Schrier D
Washington-8
Marilyn Strickland D
Washington-10
Marie Gluesenkamp Perez D
Washington-3
Michael Baumgartner R
Washington-5
Emily Randall D
Washington-6
Gwen Moore D
Wisconsin-4
Mark Pocan D
Wisconsin-2
Glenn Grothman R
Wisconsin-6
Bryan Steil R
Wisconsin-1
Thomas P. Tiffany R
Wisconsin-7
Scott Fitzgerald R
Wisconsin-5
Derrick Van Orden R
Wisconsin-3
Tony Wied R
Wisconsin-8
Carol D. Miller R
West Virginia-1
Riley M. Moore R
West Virginia-2
Harriet M. Hageman R
Wyoming-AL
Don Young R
Alaska-AL
H. L. Callahan R
Alabama-1
Earl F. Hilliard D
Alabama-7
Bob Riley R
Alabama-3
Robert E. Cramer Jr. D
Alabama-5
Terry Everett R
Alabama-2
Spencer Bachus R
Alabama-6
Robert Marion Berry D
Arkansas-1
Victor F. Snyder D
Arkansas-2
Mike Ross D
Arkansas-4
John Boozman R
Arkansas-3
Robert Stump R
Arizona-3
John D. Hayworth Jr. R
Arizona-6
James T. Kolbe R
Arizona-5
John B. Shadegg R
Arizona-4
Ed Pastor D
Arizona-2
Jeff Flake R
Arizona-1
Gary Condit D
California-18
Stephen Horn R
California-38
Calvin M. Dooley D
California-20
Robert T. Matsui D
California-5
Doug Ose R
California-3
C. Christopher Cox R
California-47
Randall H. Cunningham R
California-51
Richard W. Pombo R
California-11
William M. Thomas R
California-21
John T. Doolittle R
California-4
Duncan L. Hunter R
California-52
Tom Lantos D
California-12
Juanita Millender-McDonald D
California-37
George P. Radanovich R
California-19
Hilda L. Solis D
California-31
Ellen O. Tauscher D
California-10
Jane Harman D
California-36
Bob Filner D
California-50
Joe Baca D
California-42
Howard L. Berman D
California-26
Mary Bono Mack R
California-44
David Dreier R
California-28
Elton Gallegly R
California-23
Wally Herger R
California-2
Jerry Lewis R
California-40
Fortney Pete Stark D
California-13
Lynn C. Woolsey D
California-6
Howard P. "Buck" McKeon R
California-25
Gary G. Miller R
California-41
George Miller D
California-7
Henry A. Waxman D
California-29
Lois Capps D
California-22
Sam Farr D
California-17
Michael M. Honda D
California-15
Loretta Sanchez D
California-46
Xavier Becerra D
California-30
Dana Rohrabacher R
California-45
Edward R. Royce R
California-39
Susan A. Davis D
California-49
Lucille Roybal-Allard D
California-33
Anna G. Eshoo D
California-14
Barbara Lee D
California-9
Grace F. Napolitano D
California-34
Adam B. Schiff D
California-27
Diane E. Watson D
California-32
Bob Schaffer R
Colorado-4
Scott McInnis R
Colorado-3
Joel Hefley R
Colorado-5
Thomas G. Tancredo R
Colorado-6
Mark Udall D
Colorado-2
James Maloney D
Connecticut-5
Nancy Lee Johnson R
Connecticut-6
Robert Ruhl Simmons R
Connecticut-2
Christopher H. Shays R
Connecticut-4
Michael N. Castle R
Delaware-AL
Carrie Meek D
Florida-17
Dan Miller R
Florida-13
Karen Thurman D
Florida-5
Peter Deutsch D
Florida-20
Porter J. Goss R
Florida-14
Michael Bilirakis R
Florida-9
James Davis D
Florida-11
Mark Adam Foley R
Florida-16
E. Clay Shaw Jr. R
Florida-22
Ric Keller R
Florida-8
David J. Weldon Jr. R
Florida-15
Allen Boyd Jr. D
Florida-2
Lincoln Diaz-Balart R
Florida-21
Adam H. Putnam R
Florida-12
Robert Wexler D
Florida-19
Cliff Stearns R
Florida-6
C. W. Bill Young R
Florida-10
Corrine Brown D
Florida-3
Ander Crenshaw R
Florida-4
John L. Mica R
Florida-7
Ileana Ros-Lehtinen R
Florida-18
Alcee L. Hastings D
Florida-23
Jeff Miller R
Florida-1
Bob Barr R
Georgia-7
Michael Allen Collins R
Georgia-3
Cynthia McKinney D
Georgia-4
Charles W. Norwood Jr. R
Georgia-10
Nathan Deal R
Georgia-9
John Linder R
Georgia-11
Saxby Chambliss R
Georgia-8
Jack Kingston R
Georgia-1
Johnny Isakson R
Georgia-6
John Lewis D
Georgia-5
Neil Abercrombie D
Hawaii-1
Greg Ganske R
Iowa-4
James A. Leach R
Iowa-1
James Allen Nussle R
Iowa-2
Leonard L. Boswell D
Iowa-3
Tom Latham R
Iowa-5
C.L. Otter R
Idaho-1
Rod Blagojevich D
Illinois-5
David Phelps D
Illinois-19
Philip M. Crane R
Illinois-8
William O. Lipinski D
Illinois-3
Lane A. Evans D
Illinois-17
Henry John Hyde R
Illinois-6
J. Dennis Hastert R
Illinois-14
Ray H. LaHood R
Illinois-18
Gerald C. Weller R
Illinois-11
Jesse L. Jackson Jr. D
Illinois-2
Judy Biggert R
Illinois-13
Jerry F. Costello D
Illinois-12
Timothy V. Johnson R
Illinois-15
Donald A. Manzullo R
Illinois-16
Mark Kirk R
Illinois-10
Luis V. Gutiérrez D
Illinois-4
John Shimkus R
Illinois-20
Bobby L. Rush D
Illinois-1
Brian Kerns R
Indiana-7
Timothy Roemer D
Indiana-3
John Nathan Hostettler R
Indiana-8
Julia M. Carson D
Indiana-10
Stephen E. Buyer R
Indiana-5
Baron P. Hill D
Indiana-9
Mark Edward Souder R
Indiana-4
Dan Burton R
Indiana-6
Mike Pence R
Indiana-2
Peter J. Visclosky D
Indiana-1
Jim R. Ryun R
Kansas-2
Dennis Moore D
Kansas-3
Todd Tiahrt R
Kansas-4
Jerry Moran R
Kansas-1
Ernest Lee Fletcher R
Kentucky-6
Kenneth R. Lucas D
Kentucky-4
Anne Meagher Northup R
Kentucky-3
Ron Lewis R
Kentucky-2
Ed Whitfield R
Kentucky-1
John Cooksey R
Louisiana-5
Christopher John D
Louisiana-7
William J. Tauzin R
Louisiana-3
Richard Hugh Baker R
Louisiana-6
William J. Jefferson D
Louisiana-2
James O. McCrery III R
Louisiana-4
David Vitter R
Louisiana-1
Martin T. Meehan D
Massachusetts-5
William D. Delahunt D
Massachusetts-10
Barney Frank D
Massachusetts-4
John W. Olver D
Massachusetts-1
John F. Tierney D
Massachusetts-6
Michael E. Capuano D
Massachusetts-8
Edward J. Markey D
Massachusetts-7
Robert L. Ehrlich Jr. R
Maryland-2
Constance Morella R
Maryland-8
Wayne T. Gilchrest R
Maryland-1
Albert Russell Wynn D
Maryland-4
Roscoe G. Bartlett R
Maryland-6
Elijah E. Cummings D
Maryland-7
Benjamin L. Cardin D
Maryland-3
John Baldacci D
Maine-2
Thomas H. Allen D
Maine-1
James A. Barcia D
Michigan-5
David E. Bonior D
Michigan-10
Lynn Rivers D
Michigan-13
Nick Smith R
Michigan-7
Joseph K. Knollenberg R
Michigan-11
Vernon J. Ehlers R
Michigan-3
Peter Hoekstra R
Michigan-2
Carolyn Cheeks Kilpatrick D
Michigan-15
Bart T. Stupak D
Michigan-1
Dale E. Kildee D
Michigan-9
Dave Camp R
Michigan-4
John D. Dingell D
Michigan-16
Mike Rogers R
Michigan-8
John Conyers, Jr. D
Michigan-14
Sander M. Levin D
Michigan-12
Fred Upton R
Michigan-6
William Luther D
Minnesota-6
Gilbert W. Gutknecht R
Minnesota-1
Mark R. Kennedy R
Minnesota-2
Martin Olav Sabo D
Minnesota-5
James M. Ramstad R
Minnesota-3
James L. Oberstar D
Minnesota-8
Collin C. Peterson D
Minnesota-7
Richard Andrew Gephardt D
Missouri-3
Karen McCarthy D
Missouri-5
Kenny C. Hulshof R
Missouri-9
Ike Skelton D
Missouri-4
W. Todd Akin R
Missouri-2
Jo Ann Emerson R
Missouri-8
Wm. Lacy Clay D
Missouri-1
Roy Blunt R
Missouri-7
Ronnie Shows D
Mississippi-4
Charles W. Pickering Jr. R
Mississippi-3
Gene Taylor D
Mississippi-5
Roger F. Wicker R
Mississippi-1
Denny Rehberg R
Montana-AL
Eva Clayton D
North Carolina-1
Cass Ballenger R
North Carolina-10
Charles H. Taylor R
North Carolina-11
Robin C. Hayes R
North Carolina-8
Bob R. Etheridge D
North Carolina-2
Sue Wilkins Myrick R
North Carolina-9
Melvin L. Watt D
North Carolina-12
Mike McIntyre D
North Carolina-7
Howard Coble R
North Carolina-6
Walter B. Jones R
North Carolina-3
Richard Burr R
North Carolina-5
David E. Price D
North Carolina-4
Earl Ralph Pomeroy D
North Dakota-AL
Douglas K. Bereuter R
Nebraska-1
Thomas William Osborne R
Nebraska-3
Lee Terry R
Nebraska-2
John E. Sununu R
New Hampshire-1
Charles F. Bass R
New Hampshire-2
Marge Roukema R
New Jersey-5
Michael Ferguson R
New Jersey-7
H. James Saxton R
New Jersey-3
Donald M. Payne D
New Jersey-10
Steven R. Rothman D
New Jersey-9
Robert E. Andrews D
New Jersey-1
Rush Holt D
New Jersey-12
Rodney P. Frelinghuysen R
New Jersey-11
Frank A. LoBiondo R
New Jersey-2
Bill Pascrell, Jr. D
New Jersey-8
Robert Menendez D
New Jersey-13
Joseph Skeen R
New Mexico-2
Heather A. Wilson R
New Mexico-1
Tom Udall D
New Mexico-3
James A. Gibbons R
Nevada-2
Shelley Berkley D
Nevada-1
Benjamin Gilman R
New York-20
Felix Grucci R
New York-1
John J. LaFalce D
New York-29
Amory Houghton Jr. R
New York-31
Jack Quinn R
New York-30
Sherwood L. Boehlert R
New York-23
Sue W. Kelly R
New York-19
Major R. Owens D
New York-11
John E. Sweeney R
New York-22
Vito J. Fossella Jr. R
New York-13
Michael R. McNulty D
New York-21
Thomas M. Reynolds R
New York-27
James T. Walsh R
New York-25
John M. McHugh R
New York-24
Anthony David Weiner D
New York-9
Gary L. Ackerman D
New York-5
Maurice D. Hinchey D
New York-26
Edolphus Towns D
New York-10
Carolyn McCarthy D
New York-4
Steve Israel D
New York-2
Charles B. Rangel D
New York-15
Louise McIntosh Slaughter D
New York-28
Joseph Crowley D
New York-7
Eliot L. Engel D
New York-17
Peter T. King R
New York-3
Nita M. Lowey D
New York-18
José E. Serrano D
New York-16
Carolyn B. Maloney D
New York-14
Thomas C. Sawyer D
Ohio-14
Robert William Ney R
Ohio-18
Michael G. Oxley R
Ohio-4
Ted Strickland D
Ohio-6
Paul E. Gillmor R
Ohio-5
David Lee Hobson R
Ohio-7
Stephanie Tubbs Jones D
Ohio-11
Deborah D. Pryce R
Ohio-15
Ralph Regula R
Ohio-16
Dennis J. Kucinich D
Ohio-10
Steven C. LaTourette R
Ohio-19
John A. Boehner R
Ohio-8
Patrick J. Tiberi R
Ohio-12
Steve Chabot R
Ohio-1
Rob Portman R
Ohio-2
Sherrod Brown D
Ohio-13
Wes Watkins R
Oklahoma-3
J.C. Watts R
Oklahoma-4
Brad Carson D
Oklahoma-2
Ernest J. Istook Jr. R
Oklahoma-5
John Sullivan R
Oklahoma-1
Darlene Hooley D
Oregon-5
David Wu D
Oregon-1
Greg Walden R
Oregon-2
Peter A. DeFazio D
Oregon-4
Earl Blumenauer D
Oregon-3
Robert A. Borski D
Pennsylvania-3
William J. Coyne D
Pennsylvania-14
George W. Gekas R
Pennsylvania-17
Frank Mascara D
Pennsylvania-20
James C. Greenwood R
Pennsylvania-8
Joseph M. Hoeffel D
Pennsylvania-13
Melissa A. Hart R
Pennsylvania-4
Donald L. Sherwood R
Pennsylvania-10
W. Curtis Weldon R
Pennsylvania-7
Philip English R
Pennsylvania-21
John E. Peterson R
Pennsylvania-5
Paul E. Kanjorski D
Pennsylvania-11
John P. Murtha D
Pennsylvania-12
Tim Holden D
Pennsylvania-6
Todd Russell Platts R
Pennsylvania-19
Chaka Fattah D
Pennsylvania-2
Joseph R. Pitts R
Pennsylvania-16
Robert A. Brady D
Pennsylvania-1
Michael F. Doyle D
Pennsylvania-18
Patrick J. Toomey R
Pennsylvania-15
Bill Shuster R
Pennsylvania-9
Patrick Joseph Kennedy D
Rhode Island-1
James R. Langevin D
Rhode Island-2
Henry E. Brown Jr. R
South Carolina-1
John McKee Spratt Jr. D
South Carolina-5
Jim DeMint R
South Carolina-4
Lindsey Graham R
South Carolina-3
John Thune R
South Dakota-AL
Ed Bryant R
Tennessee-7
Robert Clement D
Tennessee-5
Van Hilleary R
Tennessee-4
Harold E. Ford Jr. D
Tennessee-9
William Lewis Jenkins R
Tennessee-1
Barton Jennings Gordon D
Tennessee-6
John S. Tanner D
Tennessee-8
Zach Wamp R
Tennessee-3
John J. Duncan, Jr. R
Tennessee-2
Richard K. Armey R
Texas-26
Ken Bentsen D
Texas-25
Larry Combest R
Texas-19
Jonas Frost III D
Texas-24
Max A. Sandlin Jr. D
Texas-1
Charles W. Stenholm D
Texas-17
James Turner D
Texas-2
Henry Bonilla R
Texas-23
Thomas Dale DeLay R
Texas-22
Nicholas V. Lampson D
Texas-9
Thomas Edwards D
Texas-11
Solomon P. Ortiz D
Texas-27
Ciro D. Rodriguez D
Texas-28
Charles A. Gonzalez D
Texas-20
Ron Paul R
Texas-14
Silvestre Reyes D
Texas-16
Ralph M. Hall D
Texas-4
Rubén Hinojosa D
Texas-15
Joe Barton R
Texas-6
John Abney Culberson R
Texas-7
Gene Green D
Texas-29
Sam Johnson R
Texas-3
Lamar Smith R
Texas-21
Mac Thornberry R
Texas-13
Kevin Brady R
Texas-8
Eddie Bernice Johnson D
Texas-30
Sheila Jackson Lee D
Texas-18
Kay Granger R
Texas-12
James V. Hansen R
Utah-1
Christopher B. Cannon R
Utah-3
Jim Matheson D
Utah-2
Edward L. Schrock R
Virginia-2
Jo Ann S. Davis R
Virginia-1
Thomas M. Davis III R
Virginia-11
Frederick C. Boucher D
Virginia-9
Eric Cantor R
Virginia-7
James P. Moran D
Virginia-8
Frank R. Wolf R
Virginia-10
Bob Goodlatte R
Virginia-6
J. Randy Forbes R
Virginia-4
Virgil H. Goode Jr. R
Virginia-5
Bernard Sanders I
Vermont-AL
Jennifer B. Dunn R
Washington-8
George R. Nethercutt Jr. R
Washington-5
Brian N. Baird D
Washington-3
Jay Inslee D
Washington-1
Norman D. Dicks D
Washington-6
Doc Hastings R
Washington-4
Jim McDermott D
Washington-7
Thomas M. Barrett D
Wisconsin-5
Gerald D. Kleczka D
Wisconsin-4
Mark A. Green R
Wisconsin-8
David Ross Obey D
Wisconsin-7
Thomas E. Petri R
Wisconsin-6
Paul D. Ryan R
Wisconsin-1
F. James Sensenbrenner, Jr. R
Wisconsin-9
Ron Kind D
Wisconsin-3
Tammy Baldwin D
Wisconsin-2
Alan B. Mollohan D
West Virginia-1
Nick J. Rahall II D
West Virginia-3
Shelley Moore Capito R
West Virginia-2
Barbara L. Cubin R
Wyoming-AL
legislative/lawsLaws enacted
+4,414Congress.gov ↗
4,414 public laws enacted · 13 landmark · 1,537 notable · 1,732 routine · 1,132 ceremonial
Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act of 2003 landmark
Pub. L. 108-173 · Dec 8, 2003
Show 30 more notable laws
CHIPS and Science Act or Creating Helpful Incentives to Produce Semiconductors for America Act landmark
Pub. L. 117-167 · Aug 9, 2022
Burnt, Malheur, Owyhee, and Powder River Basin Water Optimization Feasibility Study Act of 2001
Pub. L. 107-237 · Oct 11, 2002
Vicksburg National Military Park Boundary Modification Act of 2002
Pub. L. 107-238 · Oct 11, 2002
Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Iraq Resolution of 2002
Pub. L. 107-243 · Oct 16, 2002
Sudan Peace Act
Pub. L. 107-245 · Oct 21, 2002
Russian Democracy Act of 2002
Pub. L. 107-246 · Oct 23, 2002
Veterans' Compensation Cost-of-Living Adjustment Act of 2002
Pub. L. 107-247 · Oct 23, 2002
Department of Defense Appropriations Act, 2003
Pub. L. 107-248 · Oct 23, 2002
Military Construction Appropriations Act, 2003
Pub. L. 107-249 · Oct 23, 2002
Medical Device User Fee and Modernization Act of 2002
Pub. L. 107-250 · Oct 26, 2002
Health Care Safety Net Amendments of 2002
Pub. L. 107-251 · Oct 26, 2002
Help America Vote Act of 2002
Pub. L. 107-252 · Oct 29, 2002
Inland Flood Forecasting and Warning System Act of 2002
Pub. L. 107-253 · Oct 29, 2002
Tropical Cyclone Inland Forecasting Improvement and Warning System Development Act of 2001
Pub. L. 107-254 · Oct 29, 2002
Niagara Falls National Heritage Area Study Act
Pub. L. 107-256 · Oct 29, 2002
Persian Gulf War POW/MIA Accountability Act of 2002
Pub. L. 107-258 · Oct 29, 2002
Benign Brain Tumor Cancer Registries Amendment Act
Pub. L. 107-260 · Oct 29, 2002
Border Commuter Student Act of 2002
Pub. L. 107-274 · Nov 2, 2002
Black Lung Consolidation of Administrative Responsibility Act
Pub. L. 107-275 · Nov 2, 2002
Violence Against Women Office Act
Pub. L. 107-276 · Nov 2, 2002
Enterprise Integration Act of 2002
Pub. L. 107-277 · Nov 5, 2002
Enterprise Integration Act of 2001
Pub. L. 107-278 · Nov 5, 2002
Regional Educational Technical Assistance Act
Pub. L. 107-279 · Nov 5, 2002
Rare Diseases Act of 2002
Pub. L. 107-280 · Nov 6, 2002
Rare Diseases Orphan Product Development Act of 2002
Pub. L. 107-281 · Nov 6, 2002
Clark County Conservation of Public Land and Natural Resources Act of 2002
Pub. L. 107-282 · Nov 6, 2002
Sloan Canyon National Conservation Area Act
Pub. L. 107-283 · Nov 6, 2002
Department of Veterans Affairs Emergency Preparedness Act of 2002
Pub. L. 107-287 · Nov 7, 2002
Under each law: its sponsor, the final-passage roll call in each chamber (hover for the party split; no roll call means a voice vote or unanimous consent), and the president who signed it. Sources: Congress.gov, the House Clerk, and the Senate.
Judicial3 files+2,727−8
judicial/supreme-courtThe Supreme Court
Bench by appointing party: 7 R · 2 D → 6 R · 3 D · every justice ↗
John Paul Stevens R
appointed by Gerald Ford · 1975 · confirmed 98–0
Sandra Day O'Connor R
appointed by Ronald Reagan · 1981 · confirmed 99–0
William Hubbs Rehnquist R
appointed by Ronald Reagan · 1986 · confirmed 65–33
Antonin Scalia R
appointed by Ronald Reagan · 1986 · confirmed 98–0
Anthony McLeod Kennedy R
appointed by Ronald Reagan · 1988 · confirmed 97–0
David Hackett Souter R
appointed by George H.W. Bush · 1990 · confirmed 90–9
Ruth Bader Ginsburg D
appointed by William J. Clinton · 1993 · confirmed 96–3
Stephen Gerald Breyer D
appointed by William J. Clinton · 1994 · confirmed 87–9
John Glover Roberts, Jr. R
appointed by George W. Bush · 2005 · confirmed 78–22
Samuel A. Alito, Jr. R
appointed by George W. Bush · 2006 · confirmed 58–42
Sonia Sotomayor D
appointed by Barack Obama · 2009 · confirmed 68–31
Elena Kagan D
appointed by Barack Obama · 2010 · confirmed 63–37
Neil M. Gorsuch R
appointed by Donald J. Trump · 2017 · confirmed 54–45
Brett M. Kavanaugh R
appointed by Donald J. Trump · 2018 · confirmed 50–48
Amy Coney Barrett R
appointed by Donald J. Trump · 2020 · confirmed 52–48
Ketanji Brown Jackson D
appointed by Joseph R. Biden · 2022 · confirmed 53–47
1 justice served on both dates
Clarence Thomas R
appointed by George H.W. Bush · 1991 · confirmed 52–48
judicial/lower-courtsAppeals & district courts
Courts of appeals (active judges): 78 R · 72 D · 4 N( → 92 R · 87 D
District courts (active judges): 325 D · 292 R → 373 D · 279 R
George W. Bush R appointed 248 judges
2 Supreme Court · 48 appeals · 196 district · 2 other
Barack Obama D appointed 330 judges
2 Supreme Court · 55 appeals · 269 district · 4 other
Donald J. Trump R appointed 293 judges
3 Supreme Court · 64 appeals · 222 district · 4 other
Joseph R. Biden D appointed 235 judges
1 Supreme Court · 45 appeals · 187 district · 2 other
7 circuits flipped majority
First Circuit 2 D · 4 R (R majority)
First Circuit 5 D · 1 R (D majority)
Third Circuit 6 D · 6 R (tie majority)
Third Circuit 6 D · 8 R (R majority)
Fourth Circuit 5 D · 6 R (R majority)
Fourth Circuit 9 D · 6 R (D majority)
Sixth Circuit 6 D · 3 R (D majority)
Sixth Circuit 6 D · 10 R (R majority)
Tenth Circuit 5 D · 5 R (tie majority)
Tenth Circuit 7 D · 5 R (D majority)
District of Columbia Circuit 4 D · 4 R (tie majority)
District of Columbia Circuit 7 D · 4 R (D majority)
Federal Circuit 4 D · 8 R (R majority)
Federal Circuit 8 D · 4 R (D majority)
D and R describe the party of the appointing president, not the judge. Active service ends when a judge takes senior status.
judicial/rulingsSupreme Court decisions
+1,613Supreme Court Database ↗
1,613 argued decisions · 30 landmark
Grutter v. Lee Bollinger
539 U.S. 306 · Jun 23, 2003 · Decided 5–4 · Civil Rights · Affirmed
Lawrence v. Texas
539 U.S. 558 · Jun 26, 2003 · Decided 6–3 · Privacy · Reversed and remanded · Overruled precedent · Struck down state law
Mitch McConnell v. Federal Election Commission
540 U.S. 93 · Dec 10, 2003 · Decided 5–4 · First Amendment · Affirmed in part, reversed in part · Declared federal law unconstitutional
Crawford v. Washington
541 U.S. 36 · Mar 8, 2004 · Decided 9–0 · Criminal Procedure · Reversed and remanded · Overruled precedent
Hamdi v. Rumsfeld
542 U.S. 507 · Jun 28, 2004 · Decided 8–1 · Due Process · Vacated and remanded
United States v. Freddie J. Booker
543 U.S. 220 · Jan 12, 2005 · Decided 5–4 · Criminal Procedure · Affirmed · Declared federal law unconstitutional
Roper v. Simmons
543 U.S. 551 · Mar 1, 2005 · Decided 5–4 · Criminal Procedure · Affirmed · Overruled precedent · Struck down state law
Susette Kelo v. City of New London
545 U.S. 469 · Jun 23, 2005 · Decided 5–4 · Due Process · Affirmed
Central Virginia Community College v. Katz
546 U.S. 356 · Jan 23, 2006 · Decided 5–4 · Federalism · Affirmed · Overruled precedent
Illinois Tool Works Inc. v. Independent Ink, Inc.
547 U.S. 28 · Mar 1, 2006 · Decided 8–0 · Economic Activity · Vacated and remanded · Overruled precedent
Show 20 more
Salim Ahmed Hamdan v. Rumsfeld
Jun 29, 2006 · Decided 5–3 · Criminal Procedure · Reversed and remanded
Massachusetts v. Environmental Protection Agency
Apr 2, 2007 · Decided 5–4 · Judicial Power · Reversed and remanded
Alberto R. Gonzales v. Leroy Carhart
Apr 18, 2007 · Decided 5–4 · Privacy · Reversed · Overruled precedent
Bell Atlantic Corporation v. Twombly
May 21, 2007 · Decided 7–2 · Economic Activity · Reversed and remanded · Overruled precedent
Bowles v. Russell
Jun 14, 2007 · Decided 5–4 · Judicial Power · Affirmed · Overruled precedent
Federal Election Commission v. Wisconsin Right to Life, Inc.
Jun 25, 2007 · Decided 5–4 · First Amendment · Affirmed · Declared federal law unconstitutional
Parents Involved in Community Schools v. Seattle School District No. 1
Jun 28, 2007 · Decided 5–4 · Civil Rights · Reversed and remanded · Overruled precedent · Struck down local ordinance
Leegin Creative Leather Products, Inc. v. PSKS, Inc.
Jun 28, 2007 · Decided 5–4 · Economic Activity · Reversed and remanded · Overruled precedent
Boumediene v. Bush
Jun 12, 2008 · Decided 5–4 · Criminal Procedure · Reversed · Declared federal law unconstitutional
District of Columbia v. Heller
Jun 26, 2008 · Decided 5–4 · Criminal Procedure · Affirmed · Struck down local ordinance
Davis v. FEC
Jun 26, 2008 · Decided 5–4 · First Amendment · Reversed and remanded · Declared federal law unconstitutional
Cordell Pearson v. Afton Callahan
Jan 21, 2009 · Decided 9–0 · Civil Rights · Reversed · Overruled precedent
Montejo v. Louisiana
May 26, 2009 · Decided 5–4 · Criminal Procedure · Vacated and remanded · Overruled precedent
Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission
Jan 21, 2010 · Decided 5–4 · First Amendment · Affirmed in part, reversed in part, remanded · Overruled precedent · Declared federal law unconstitutional
United States v. Stevens
Apr 20, 2010 · Decided 8–1 · First Amendment · Affirmed · Declared federal law unconstitutional
Free Enterprise Fund and Beckstead and Watts v. Public Company Accounting Oversight Board
Jun 28, 2010 · Decided 5–4 · Miscellaneous · Affirmed in part, reversed in part, remanded · Declared federal law unconstitutional
Otis McDonald v. City of Chicago
Jun 28, 2010 · Decided 5–4 · Criminal Procedure · Reversed and remanded · Overruled precedent · Struck down local ordinance
Pepper v. United States
Mar 2, 2011 · Decided 6–2 · Criminal Procedure · Affirmed in part, reversed in part · Declared federal law unconstitutional
Bond v. United States
Jun 16, 2011 · Decided 9–0 · Judicial Power · Reversed and remanded · Overruled precedent
Stern v. Elaine T. Marshall
Jun 23, 2011 · Decided 5–4 · Private Action · Affirmed · Declared federal law unconstitutional
Landmark means the Court overruled precedent, struck down a federal law, or the case is on a curated landmark list.
Fiscal3 files±0
fiscal/budgetThe federal budget
+94% real spendingOMB Historical Tables ↗
Fiscal year 2003 → fiscal year 2025 · inflation-adjusted with the GDP price index
Spending $2.16T
FY2003
Spending $7.01T
FY2025 · +225% nominal · +94% after inflation
Revenue $1.78T
FY2003
Revenue $5.24T
FY2025 · +194% nominal · +76% after inflation
Surplus / deficit −$378B
FY2003
Surplus / deficit −$1.77T
FY2025 · −$1.40T
Spending, % of GDP 19.2%
FY2003
Spending, % of GDP 23.1%
FY2025 · +3.9 pts
Debt held by the public, % of GDP 34.7%
FY2003
Debt held by the public, % of GDP 99.5%
FY2025 · +64.8 pts
Spending by function · real change
A fiscal year still in progress has no actual figures yet, so the latest completed year is shown.
fiscal/debtTotal public debt outstanding
+$34.1TTreasury Fiscal Data ↗
$6.24T
as of Oct 9, 2002
$40.3T
as of Oct 14, 2026
fiscal/economyPrices and jobs
+86% pricesBureau of Labor Statistics ↗
Prices rose 86% · a dollar in Sep 2002 bought what $1.86 buys in Sep 2026
Consumer prices 181.0
CPI-U, Sep 2002
Consumer prices 336.9
CPI-U, Sep 2026 · +86%
Unemployment 5.7%
Sep 2002
Unemployment 4.2%
Sep 2026 · −1.5 points
Latest monthly reading on or before each date. Prices are the Consumer Price Index for all urban consumers (from 1913); unemployment is the seasonally adjusted rate (from 1948).
Constitution & Union1 file±0
constitution/amendmentsAmendments & statehood
27 → 27 amendments in force · 50 → 50 states
No amendments ratified and no states admitted. The last amendment was the 27th, in 1992.
Reverts1 file−365
revert/undoneWhat was undone
290 executive orders revoked or superseded · 39 rules struck down by Congress · 36 Supreme Court precedents overruled
Trump revoked 110 orders: 80 by Biden, 18 by Obama, 6 by themselves, 4 by Clinton, 2 by Bush
Biden revoked 86 orders: 68 by Trump, 9 by Obama, 7 by themselves, 2 by Bush
Obama revoked 51 orders: 27 by Bush, 19 by themselves, 5 by Clinton
Bush revoked 43 orders: 25 by themselves, 18 by Clinton
Show 280 more revoked orders
EO 14010 Creating a Comprehensive Regional Framework To Address the Causes of Migration, To Manage Migration Throughout North and Central America, and To Provide Safe and Orderly Processing of Asylum Seekers at the United States Border
signed Feb 2, 2021 by Biden · revoked Jan 20, 2025 by EO 14148 (Trump)
EO 13088 Blocking Property of the Governments of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro), the Republic of Serbia, and the Republic of Montenegro, and Prohibiting New Investment in the Republic of Serbia in Response to the Situation in Kosovo
signed Jun 9, 1998 by Clinton · revoked May 28, 2003 by EO 13304 (Bush)
EO 13121 Blocking Property of the Governments of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro), the Republic of Serbia, and the Republic of Montenegro, and Prohibiting Trade Transactions Involving the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro) in Response to the Situation in Kosovo
signed Apr 30, 1999 by Clinton · revoked May 28, 2003 by EO 13304 (Bush)
39 agency rules nullified under the Congressional Review Act
Show 33 more
36 decisions that overruled precedent
Lawrence v. Texas
Jun 26, 2003 · 6-3 · Privacy
Crawford v. Washington
Mar 8, 2004 · 9-0 · Criminal Procedure
Roper v. Simmons
Mar 1, 2005 · 5-4 · Criminal Procedure
Central Virginia Community College v. Katz
Jan 23, 2006 · 5-4 · Federalism
Illinois Tool Works Inc. v. Independent Ink, Inc.
Mar 1, 2006 · 8-0 · Economic Activity
Alberto R. Gonzales v. Leroy Carhart
Apr 18, 2007 · 5-4 · Privacy
Bell Atlantic Corporation v. Twombly
May 21, 2007 · 7-2 · Economic Activity
Bowles v. Russell
Jun 14, 2007 · 5-4 · Judicial Power
Show 28 more
Parents Involved in Community Schools v. Seattle School District No. 1
Jun 28, 2007 · 5-4 · Civil Rights
Leegin Creative Leather Products, Inc. v. PSKS, Inc.
Jun 28, 2007 · 5-4 · Economic Activity
Cordell Pearson v. Afton Callahan
Jan 21, 2009 · 9-0 · Civil Rights
Montejo v. Louisiana
May 26, 2009 · 5-4 · Criminal Procedure
Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission
Jan 21, 2010 · 5-4 · First Amendment
Otis McDonald v. City of Chicago
Jun 28, 2010 · 5-4 · Criminal Procedure
Bond v. United States
Jun 16, 2011 · 9-0 · Judicial Power
Alleyne v. United States
Jun 17, 2013 · 5-4 · Criminal Procedure
Johnson v. United States
Jun 26, 2015 · 8-1 · Due Process
Obergefell v. Hodges
Jun 26, 2015 · 5-4 · Due Process
Hurst v. Florida
Jan 12, 2016 · 8-1 · Criminal Procedure
South Dakota v. Wayfair
Jun 21, 2018 · 5-4 · Economic Activity
Trump v. Hawaii
Jun 26, 2018 · 5-4 · Civil Rights
Janus v. American Federation of State
Jun 27, 2018 · 5-4 · Unions
Franchise Tax Board of California v. Hyatt
May 13, 2019 · 5-4 · Economic Activity
Herrera v. Wyoming
May 20, 2019 · 5-4 · Civil Rights
Knick v. Township of Scott
Jun 21, 2019 · 5-4 · Due Process
Rucho v. Common Cause
Jun 27, 2019 · 5-4 · Civil Rights
Ramos v. Louisiana
Apr 20, 2020 · 6-3 · Criminal Procedure
Edwards v. Vannoy
May 17, 2021 · 6-3 · Criminal Procedure
Shinn v. Ramirez
May 23, 2022 · 6-3 · Criminal Procedure
Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization
Jun 24, 2022 · 6-3 · Privacy
Kennedy v. Bremerton School District
Jun 27, 2022 · 6-3 · First Amendment
Students for Fair Admissions Inc. v. President & Fellows of Harvard College
Jun 29, 2023 · 6-2 · Civil Rights
Loper Bright Enterprises v. Raimondo
Jun 28, 2024 · 6-2 · Economic Activity
Cisco Systems v. Doe
Jun 23, 2026 · 6-3 · Judicial Power
Trump v. Slaughter
Jun 29, 2026 · 6-3 · Miscellaneous
National Republican Senatorial Committee v. Federal Election Commission
Jun 30, 2026 · 6-3 · First Amendment
Revocations are full revocations or supersessions recorded in the Federal Register (partial amendments aren't counted). Congressional Review Act disapprovals are identified by title. Laws repealed outright aren't tracked yet. Agencies abolished are in the Executive section.
Log1 file±0
logEverything in between
1,779 events · first 600 shown
- lawBurnt, Malheur, Owyhee, and Powder River Basin Water Optimization Feasibility Study Act of 2001
- lawVicksburg National Military Park Boundary Modification Act of 2002
- lawAuthorization for Use of Military Force Against Iraq Resolution of 2002
- lawSudan Peace Act
- lawRussian Democracy Act of 2002
- lawVeterans' Compensation Cost-of-Living Adjustment Act of 2002
- lawDepartment of Defense Appropriations Act, 2003
- lawMilitary Construction Appropriations Act, 2003
- lawMedical Device User Fee and Modernization Act of 2002
- lawHealth Care Safety Net Amendments of 2002
- lawHelp America Vote Act of 2002
- lawInland Flood Forecasting and Warning System Act of 2002
- lawTropical Cyclone Inland Forecasting Improvement and Warning System Development Act of 2001
- lawNiagara Falls National Heritage Area Study Act
- lawPersian Gulf War POW/MIA Accountability Act of 2002
- lawBenign Brain Tumor Cancer Registries Amendment Act
- lawBorder Commuter Student Act of 2002
- lawBlack Lung Consolidation of Administrative Responsibility Act
- lawViolence Against Women Office Act
- lawEnterprise Integration Act of 2002
- lawEnterprise Integration Act of 2001
- lawRegional Educational Technical Assistance Act
- lawRare Diseases Act of 2002
- lawRare Diseases Orphan Product Development Act of 2002
- lawClark County Conservation of Public Land and Natural Resources Act of 2002
- lawSloan Canyon National Conservation Area Act
- lawDepartment of Veterans Affairs Emergency Preparedness Act of 2002
- lawJobs for Veterans Act
- lawAccountability of Tax Dollars Act of 2002
- lawNational Medical Emergency Preparedness Act of 2001
- lawNative American Housing Assistance and Self-Determination Reauthorization Act of 2002
- lawNative American Housing Assistance and Self-Determination Reauthorization Act of 2001
- agency+United States Department of Homeland Security
- lawMaritime Transportation Security Act of 2002
- lawHomeland Security Act of 2002
- lawTerrorism Risk Insurance Act of 2002
- lawReal Interstate Driver Equity Act of 2002
- lawNational Sea Grant College Program Act Amendments of 2002
- lawImproper Payments Information Act of 2002
- lawImproper Payments Reduction Act of 2002
- lawCourt Services and Offender Supervision Agency Interstate Supervision Act of 2002
- lawGreat Lakes and Lake Champlain Act of 2002
- lawGreat Lakes and Lake Champlain Program Act of 2002
- lawCyber Security Research and Development Act
- lawIntelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2003
- lawProduct Packaging Protection Act of 2002
- lawNorth American Wetlands Conservation Reauthorization Act
- lawConsumer Product Protection Act of 2002
- lawDam Safety and Security Act of 2003
- lawArmed Forces Domestic Security Act
- lawDam Safety and Security Act of 2002
- lawMental Health Parity Reauthorization Act of 2002
- lawBob Stump National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2003
- lawNational Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2003
- lawPaul and Sheila Wellstone Center for Community Building Act
- lawDot Kids Implementation and Efficiency Act of 2002
- lawAnton's Law
- lawChild Safety Enhancement Act of 2002
- lawSmall Webcaster Settlement Act of 2002
- lawPOW/MIA Memorial Flag Act of 2002
- lawPOW/MIA Memorial Flag Act of 2001
- lawOld Spanish Trail Recognition Act of 2002
- lawFHA Downpayment Simplification Act of 2002
- lawAfghanistan Freedom Support Act of 2002
- lawTimpanogos Interagency Land Exchange Act
- lawVeterans Benefits Improvement Act of 2002
- lawIndian Financing Amendments Act of 2002
- lawHomestead National Monument of America Additions Act
- lawGuam War Claims Review Commission Act
- lawMount Nebo Wilderness Boundary Adjustment Act
- lawLease Lot Conveyance Act of 2002
- lawBuffalo Bayou National Heritage Area Study Act
- lawMetacomet-Monadnock-Mattabesett Trail Study Act of 2002
- lawFallon Rail Freight Loading Facility Transfer Act
- lawPu'uhonua O Honaunau National Historical Park Addition Act of 2002
- lawMetacomet-Monadnock-Sunapee-Mattabesett Trail Study Act of 2001
- lawVirgin River Dinosaur Footprint Preserve Act
- lawE-Government Act of 2002
- lawMuscle Shoals National Heritage Area Study Act of 2002
- lawKlamath Basin Emergency Operation and Maintenance Refund Act of 2001
- lawLower Rio Grande Valley Water Resources Conservation and Improvement Act of 2002
- lawCalifornia Five Mile Regional Learning Center Transfer Act
- lawPipeline Safety Improvement Act of 2002
- lawNew River Gorge Boundary Act of 2002
- lawHolocaust Restitution Tax Fairness Act of 2002
- lawCivil War Battlefield Preservation Act of 2002
- lawRussian River Land Act
- lawBainbridge Island Japanese-American Memorial Study Act of 2002
- lawGunn McKay Nature Preserve Act
- lawCaribbean National Forest Wild and Scenic Rivers Act of 2002
- lawNational Science Foundation Authorization Act of 2002
- lawAllegheny Portage Railroad National Historic Site Boundary Revision Act
- lawBig Sur Wilderness and Conservation Act of 2002
- lawHydrographic Services Improvement Act Amendments of 2002
- lawCedar Creek and Belle Grove National Historical Park Act
- lawProtection of Family Farmers Act of 2002
- orderAdjustments of Certain Rates of Pay
- war+War in Afghanistan (Taliban insurgency)
- lawNational Flood Insurance Program Reauthorization Act of 2003
- lawConsolidated Appropriations Resolution, 2003
- orderAmendment of Executive Orders, and Other Actions, in Connection With the Transfer of Certain Functions to the Secretary of Homeland Security
- lawDo-Not-Call Implementation Act
- war+Invasion of Iraq
- orderFurther Amendment to Executive Order 12958, as Amended, Classified National Security Information
- lawEmergency Wartime Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2003
- lawAmerican 5-Cent Coin Design Continuity Act of 2003
- lawNutria Eradication and Control Act of 2003
- lawPostal Civil Service Retirement System Funding Reform Act of 2003
- lawClean Diamond Trade Act
- war−Invasion of Iraq
- lawSmallpox Emergency Personnel Protection Act of 2003
- lawProsecutorial Remedies and Other Tools to end the Exploitation of Children Today Act of 2003
- lawGila River Indian Community Judgment Fund Distribution Act of 2003
- lawOttawa National Wildlife Refuge Complex Expansion and Detroit River International Wildlife Refuge Expansion Act
- lawUnited States Leadership Against HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria Act of 2003
- orderTermination of Emergencies With Respect to Yugoslavia and Modification of Executive Order 13219 of June 26, 2001
- lawUnemployment Compensation Amendments of 2003
- lawJobs and Growth Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2003
- lawVeterans' Memorial Preservation and Recognition Act of 2003
- lawGrand Teton National Park Land Exchange Act
- lawZuni Indian Tribe Water Rights Settlement Act of 2003
- rulingGrutter v. Lee Bollinger
- lawKeeping Children and Families Safe Act of 2003
- rulingLawrence v. Texas
- lawORBIT Technical Corrections Act of 2003
- lawWelfare Reform Extension Act of 2003
- lawAutomatic Defibrillation in Adam's Memory Act
- lawSan Gabriel River Watershed Study Act
- lawGlen Canyon National Recreation Area Boundary Revision Act
- lawAccountant, Compliance, and Enforcement Staffing Act of 2003
- lawStrengthen AmeriCorps Program Act
- lawBurmese Freedom and Democracy Act of 2003
- lawMcLoughlin House Addition to Fort Vancouver National Historic Site Act
- lawEmergency Supplemental Appropriations for Disaster Relief Act, 2003
- lawSmithsonian Facilities Authorization Act
- lawFamily Farmer Bankruptcy Relief Act of 2003
- lawMosquito Abatement for Safety and Health Act
- lawHigher Education Relief Opportunities for Students Act of 2003
- orderBlocking Property of the Former Iraqi Regime, Its Senior Officials and Their Family Members, and Taking Certain Other Actions
- lawUnited States-Chile Free Trade Agreement Implementation Act
- lawUnited States- Singapore Free Trade Agreement Implementation Act
- lawPrison Rape Elimination Act of 2003
- lawMuseum and Library Services Act of 2003
- lawLegislative Branch Appropriations Act, 2004
- lawFremont-Madison Conveyance Act
- lawPostmasters Equity Act of 2003
- lawDepartment of Defense Appropriations Act, 2004
- lawSurface Transportation Extension Act of 2003
- lawDepartment of Homeland Security Appropriations Act, 2004
- lawHospital Mortgage Insurance Act of 2003
- lawColtsville Study Act of 2003
- lawMount Naomi Wilderness Boundary Adjustment Act
- lawRunaway, Homeless, and Missing Children Protection Act
- lawCheck Clearing for the 21st Century Act
- lawPartial-Birth Abortion Ban Act of 2003
- lawEmergency Supplemental Appropriations Act for Defense and for the Reconstruction of Iraq and Afghanistan, 2004
- lawDepartment of the Interior and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2004
- lawNational Cemetery Expansion Act of 2003
- lawMilitary Family Tax Relief Act of 2003
- lawFederal Employee Student Loan Assistance Act
- lawBlack Canyon of the Gunnison Boundary Revision Act of 2003
- lawAnimal Drug User Fee Act of 2003
- lawBlackwater National Wildlife Refuge Expansion Act
- lawMilitary Construction Appropriations Act, 2004
- lawDistrict of Columbia Military Retirement Equity Act of 2003
- lawNational Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2004
- lawEnergy and Water Development Appropriations Act, 2004
- lawKaloko-Honokohau National Historical Park Addition Act of 2003
- lawAdoption Promotion Act of 2003
- lawTornado Shelters Act
- lawVeterans' Compensation Cost-of-Living Adjustment Act of 2003
- lawHealthy Forests Restoration Act of 2003
- lawFlorida National Forest Land Management Act of 2003
- law21st Century Nanotechnology Research and Development Act
- lawBirth Defects and Developmental Disabilities Prevention Act of 2003
- lawPediatric Research Equity Act of 2003
- lawBasic Pilot Program Extension and Expansion Act of 2003
- lawOverseas Private Investment Corporation Amendments Act of 2003
- lawFair and Accurate Credit Transactions Act of 2003
- lawEnvironmental Policy and Conflict Resolution Advancement Act of 2003
- lawNational Veterinary Medical Service Act
- lawHealth Care Safety Net Amendments Technical Corrections Act of 2003
- lawFairness to Contact Lens Consumers Act
- lawNational Transportation Safety Board Reauthorization Act of 2003
- lawNational Flood Insurance Program Reauthorization Act of 2004
- lawMedicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act of 2003
- rulingMitch McConnell v. Federal Election Commission
- lawSyria Accountability and Lebanese Sovereignty Restoration Act of 2003
- lawIntelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2004
- lawTorture Victims Relief Reauthorization Act of 2003
- lawHometown Heroes Survivors Benefits Act of 2003
- lawVeterans Benefits Act of 2003
- lawNational Museum of African American History and Culture Act
- lawControlling the Assault of Non- Solicited Pornography and Marketing Act of 2003
- lawCaptive Wildlife Safety Act
- lawCarter G. Woodson Home National Historic Site Act
- lawTrafficking Victims Protection Reauthorization Act of 2003
- lawPoison Control Center Enhancement and Awareness Act Amendments of 2003
- lawDefense Production Act Reauthorization of 2003
- lawFederal Law Enforcement Pay and Benefits Parity Act of 2003
- lawMental Health Parity Reauthorization Act of 2003
- lawPreserving Independence of Financial Institution Examinations Act of 2003
- orderAdjustments of Certain Rates of Pay
- agency+Millennium Challenge Corporation
- war+Iraq: insurgency and war against IS
- lawConsolidated Appropriations Act, 2004
- lawCongo Basin Forest Partnership Act of 2004
- lawNASA Flexibility Act of 2004
- lawSurface Transportation Extension Act of 2004
- orderFurther Adjustment of Certain Rates of Pay
- rulingCrawford v. Washington
- lawGalisteo Basin Archaeological Sites Protection Act
- lawFort Bayard National Historic Landmark Act
- lawWelfare Reform Extension Act of 2004
- lawUnborn Victims of Violence Act of 2004
- lawEnergy Efficient Housing Technical Correction Act
- lawMedical Devices Technical Corrections Act
- lawOrgan Donation and Recovery Improvement Act
- lawPension Funding Equity Act of 2004
- lawSurface Transportation Extension Act of 2004, Part II
- lawPremier Certified Lenders Program Improvement Act of 2004
- lawIrvine Basin Surface and Groundwater Improvement Act of 2004
- lawNational Great Black Americans Commemoration Act of 2004
- rulingHamdi v. Rumsfeld
- lawTANF and Related Programs Continuation Act of 2004
- lawSurface Transportation Extension Act of 2004, Part III
- lawBunning-Bereuter- Blumenauer Flood Insurance Reform Act of 2004
- lawChild Nutrition and WIC Reauthorization Act of 2004
- lawMarine Turtle Conservation Act of 2004
- lawWestern Shoshone Claims Distribution Act
- lawGAO Human Capital Reform Act of 2004
- lawAGOA Acceleration Act of 2004
- lawIdentity Theft Penalty Enhancement Act
- lawProject BioShield Act of 2004
- lawLaw Enforcement Officers Safety Act of 2004
- lawTribal Forest Protection Act of 2004
- orderTermination of Emergency Declared in Executive Order 12722 With Respect to Iraq and Modification of Executive Order 13290, Executive Order 13303, and Executive Order 13315
- lawSurface Transportation Extension Act of 2004, Part IV
- lawNorthern Uganda Crisis Response Act
- lawHelping Hands for Homeownership Act of 2004
- lawAustralia–United States Free Trade Agreement Act
- lawDepartment of Defense Appropriations Act, 2005
- lawSUTA Dumping Prevention Act of 2004
- lawCape Town Treaty Implementation Act of 2004
- lawUnited States- Morocco Free Trade Agreement Implementation Act
- lawEmergency Supplemental Appropriations for Disaster Relief Act, 2004
- lawSports Agent Responsibility and Trust Act
- lawHarpers Ferry National Historical Park Boundary Revision Act of 2004
- lawWelfare Reform Extension Act, Part VIII
- lawSurface Transportation Extension Act of 2004, Part V
- lawWorking Families Tax Relief Act of 2004
- lawMount Rainier National Park Boundary Adjustment Act of 2004
- lawJohnstown Flood National Memorial Boundary Adjustment Act of 2004
- lawMartin Luther King, Junior, National Historic Site Land Exchange Act
- lawCarpinteria and Montecito Water Distribution Systems Conveyance Act of 2004
- lawSouthwest Forest Health and Wildfire Prevention Act of 2004
- lawTimucuan Ecological and Historic Preserve Boundary Revision Act of 2004
- agency+Office of the Federal Coordinator, Alaska Natural Gas Transportation Projects
- lawMilitary Construction Appropriations and Emergency Hurricane Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2005
- lawCraig Recreation Land Purchase Act
- lawNational Wildlife Refuge Volunteer Act of 2004
- lawDepartment of Homeland Security Financial Accountability Act
- lawNorth Korean Human Rights Act of 2004
- lawDepartment of Homeland Security Appropriations Act, 2005
- lawDistrict of Columbia Appropriations Act, 2005
- lawSouthern Ute and Colorado Intergovernmental Agreement Implementation Act of 2004
- lawAlaska Native Allotment Subdivision Act
- lawManhattan Project National Historical Park Study Act
- lawEl Camino Real de los Tejas National Historic Trail Act
- lawTapoco Project Licensing Act of 2004
- lawArapaho and Roosevelt National Forests Land Exchange Act of 2004
- lawBelarus Democracy Act of 2004
- lawNational Park System General Authorities Act
- lawChimayo Water Supply System and Espanola Filtration Facility Act of 2004
- lawGarrett Lee Smith Memorial Act
- lawAmerican Jobs Creation Act of 2004
- lawAnabolic Steroid Control Act of 2004
- lawNational Windstorm Impact Reduction Act of 2004
- lawWater Supply, Reliability, and Environmental Improvement Act
- lawPancreatic Islet Cell Transplantation Act of 2004
- lawVeterans' Compensation Cost-of-Living Adjustment Act of 2004
- lawAssistive Technology Act of 1998
- lawMammography Quality Standards Reauthorization Act of 2004
- lawHigher Education Extension Act of 2004
- lawFort Donelson National Battlefield Expansion Act of 2004
- lawFamily Farmer Bankruptcy Relief Act of 2004
- lawPrevention of Child Abduction Partnership Act
- lawState Justice Institute Reauthorization Act of 2004
- lawAmerican Indian Probate Reform Act of 2004
- lawRonald W. Reagan National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2005
- lawAsthmatic Schoolchildren's Treatment and Health Management Act of 2004
- lawProvo River Project Transfer Act
- lawNational Archives and Records Administration Efficiency Act of 2004
- lawBrown Tree Snake Control and Eradication Act of 2004
- lawJohn Muir National Historic Site Boundary Adjustment Act
- law2004 District of Columbia Omnibus Authorization Act
- lawChickasaw National Recreation Area Land Exchange Act of 2004
- lawHomeownership Opportunities for Native Americans Act of 2004
- lawWilson's Creek National Battlefield Boundary Adjustment Act of 2004
- lawTruman Farm Home Expansion Act
- lawFederal Regulatory Improvement Act of 2004
- lawScott Campbell, Stephanie Roper, Wendy Preston, Louarna Gillis, and Nila Lynn Crime Victims' Rights Act
- lawSpecial Olympics Sport and Empowerment Act of 2004
- lawTaxpayer-Teacher Protection Act of 2004
- lawJohn F. Kennedy Center Reauthorization Act of 2004
- lawHibben Center Act
- lawMentally Ill Offender Treatment and Crime Reduction Act of 2004
- lawCopyright Royalty and Distribution Reform Act of 2004
- lawCalifornia Missions Preservation Act
- lawHighlands Conservation Act
- lawVeterans Health Programs Improvement Act of 2004
- lawDepartment of Energy High-End Computing Revitalization Act of 2004
- lawLincoln County Conservation, Recreation, and Development Act of 2004
- lawNorman Y. Mineta Research and Special Programs Improvement Act
- lawResearch Review Act of 2004
- lawPetrified Forest National Park Expansion Act of 2004
- lawInternet Tax Nondiscrimination Act
- lawIdaho Panhandle National Forest Improvement Act of 2004
- lawThree Affiliated Tribes Health Facility Compensation Act
- lawKate Mullany National Historic Site Act
- lawDepartment of Veterans Affairs Health Care Personnel Enhancement Act of 2004
- lawIndividuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act of 2004
- lawConsolidated Appropriations Act, 2005
- lawDistrict of Columbia Mental Health Civil Commitment Modernization Act of 2004
- lawArizona Water Settlements Act
- lawAlaska Land Transfer Acceleration Act
- lawCooperative Research and Technology Enhancement (CREATE) Act of 2004
- lawVeterans Benefits Improvement Act of 2004
- lawIntelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004
- lawSpecialty Crops Competitiveness Act of 2004
- lawThrift Savings Plan Open Elections Act of 2004
- lawAmerican History and Civics Education Act of 2004
- lawKilauea Point National Wildlife Refuge Expansion Act of 2004
- lawIntellectual Property Protection and Courts Amendments Act of 2004
- lawMicroenterprise Results and Accountability Act of 2004
- lawDistrict of Columbia Retirement Protection Improvement Act of 2004
- lawCommercial Space Launch Amendments Act of 2004
- lawVideo Voyeurism Prevention Act of 2004
- lawFederal Employee Dental and Vision Benefits Enhancement Act of 2004
- lawComprehensive Peace in Sudan Act of 2004
- orderAdjustments of Certain Rates of Pay
- rulingUnited States v. Freddie J. Booker
- presidentGeorge Walker Bush takes office
- lawClass Action Fairness Act of 2005
- rulingRoper v. Simmons
- lawWelfare Reform Extension Act of 2005
- lawBankruptcy Abuse Prevention and Consumer Protection Act of 2005
- lawFamily Entertainment and Copyright Act of 2005
- lawEmergency Supplemental Appropriations Act for Defense, the Global War on Terror, and Tsunami Relief, 2005
- lawSurface Transportation Extension Act of 2005
- rulingSusette Kelo v. City of New London
- lawPatient Navigator Outreach and Chronic Disease Prevention Act of 2005
- lawTANF Extension Act of 2005
- lawSurface Transportation Extension Act of 2005, Part II
- lawJunk Fax Prevention Act of 2005
- lawSurface Transportation Extension Act of 2005, Part III
- lawSurface Transportation Extension Act of 2005, Part IV
- lawSurface Transportation Extension Act of 2005, Part V
- lawPatient Safety and Quality Improvement Act of 2005
- lawSurface Transportation Extension Act of 2005, Part VI
- lawMedical Device User Fee Stabilization Act of 2005
- lawUpper White Salmon Wild and Scenic Rivers Act
- lawSand Creek Massacre National Historic Site Trust Act of 2005
- lawColorado River Indian Reservation Boundary Correction Act
- lawDominican Republic-Central America-United States Free Trade Agreement Implementation Act
- lawDepartment of the Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2006
- lawLegislative Branch Appropriations Act, 2006
- lawFederal Nonnuclear Energy Research and Development Act of 1974
- lawSafe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users
- lawNational All Schedules Prescription Electronic Reporting Act of 2005
- lawEmergency Supplemental Appropriations Act to Meet Immediate Needs Arising From the Consequences of Hurricane Katrina, 2005
- lawSecond Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Act to Meet Immediate Needs Arising From the Consequences of Hurricane Katrina, 2005
- lawFederal Judiciary Emergency Special Sessions Act of 2005
- lawNational Flood Insurance Program Enhanced Borrowing Authority Act of 2005
- lawPell Grant Hurricane and Disaster Relief Act
- lawStudent Grant Hurricane and Disaster Relief Act
- lawTANF Emergency Response and Recovery Act of 2005
- lawDandini Research Park Conveyance Act
- lawHawaii Water Resources Act of 2005
- lawWind Cave National Park Boundary Revision Act of 2005
- lawFlexibility for Displaced Workers Act
- justiceJohn Glover Roberts, Jr. — Chief Justice
- lawSportfishing and Recreational Boating Safety Amendments Act of 2005
- lawUnited States Parole Commission Extension and Sentencing Commission Authority Act of 2005
- lawServicemembers' Group Life Insurance Enhancement Act of 2005
- lawHigher Education Extension Act of 2005
- lawAssistance for Individuals with Disabilities Affected by Hurricane Katrina or Rita Act of 2005
- lawNatural Disaster Student Aid Fairness Act
- lawCommunity Disaster Loan Act of 2005
- order2005 Amendments to the Manual for Courts-Martial, United States
- lawDepartment of Homeland Security Appropriations Act, 2006
- lawQI, TMA, and Abstinence Programs Extension and Hurricane Katrina Unemployment Relief Act of 2005
- lawProtection of Lawful Commerce in Arms Act
- lawRocky Mountain National Park Boundary Adjustment Act of 2005
- lawOjito Wilderness Act
- lawAssistance for Orphans and Other Vulnerable Children in Developing Countries Act of 2005
- lawAgriculture, Rural Development, Food and Drug Administration, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2006
- lawForeign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 2006
- lawEnergy and Water Development Appropriations Act, 2006
- lawNational Flood Insurance Program Further Enhanced Borrowing Authority Act of 2005
- orderBlocking Property of Additional Persons Undermining Democratic Processes or Institutions in Zimbabwe
- lawScience, State, Justice, Commerce, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2006
- lawNorthern Arizona Land Exchange and Verde River Basin Partnership Act of 2005
- lawVeterans' Compensation Cost-of-Living Adjustment Act of 2005
- lawIran Nonproliferation Amendments Act of 2005
- lawFair Access Foster Care Act of 2005
- lawMilitary Quality of Life and Veterans Affairs Appropriations Act, 2006
- lawCaribbean National Forest Act of 2005
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- orderAdjustments of Certain Rates of Pay
- lawNative American Housing Enhancement Act of 2005
- lawSouthern Oregon Bureau of Reclamation Repayment Act of 2005
- lawPredisaster Mitigation Program Reauthorization Act of 2005
- lawCoast Guard Hurricane Relief Act of 2005
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- lawDepartment of Defense, Emergency Supplemental Appropriations to Address Hurricanes in the Gulf of Mexico, and Pandemic Influenza Act, 2006
- lawDepartments of Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2006
- lawSecond Higher Education Extension Act of 2005
- lawBuffalo Soldiers Commemoration Act of 2005
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- lawNational Aeronautics and Space Administration Authorization Act of 2005
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- lawJunior Duck Stamp Reauthorization Amendments Act of 2005
- lawPassport Services Enhancement Act of 2005
- lawUnited States-Bahrain Free Trade Agreement Implementation Act
- rulingCentral Virginia Community College v. Katz
- justiceSamuel A. Alito, Jr. — Associate Justice
- lawDeficit Reduction Act of 2005
- lawState High Risk Pool Funding Extension Act of 2006
- lawFederal Deposit Insurance Reform Conforming Amendments Act of 2005
- rulingIllinois Tool Works Inc. v. Independent Ink, Inc.
- lawKatrina Emergency Assistance Act of 2006
- lawUSA PATRIOT Improvement and Reauthorization Act of 2005
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- lawUpper Colorado and San Juan River Basin Endangered Fish Recovery Programs Reauthorization Act of 2005
- lawNational Flood Insurance Program Enhanced Borrowing Authority Act of 2006
- lawHigher Education Extension Act of 2006
- lawMilk Regulatory Equity Act of 2005
- lawLocal Community Recovery Act of 2006
- lawGlendo Unit of the Missouri River Basin Project Contract Extension Act of 2005
- lawNative American Technical Corrections Act of 2006
- lawTax Increase Prevention and Reconciliation Act of 2005
- lawJames Campbell National Wildlife Refuge Expansion Act of 2005
- lawCoastal Barrier Resources Reauthorization Act of 2005
- lawHeroes Earned Retirement Opportunities Act
- lawRespect for America's Fallen Heroes Act
- lawVeterans' Housing Opportunity and Benefits Improvement Act of 2006
- lawEmergency Supplemental Appropriations Act for Defense, the Global War on Terror, and Hurricane Recovery, 2006
- lawBroadcast Decency Enforcement Act of 2005
- lawMine Improvement and New Emergency Response Act of 2006
- rulingSalim Ahmed Hamdan v. Rumsfeld
- lawSecond Higher Education Extension Act of 2006
- lawSafe and Timely Interstate Placement of Foster Children Act of 2006
- lawRural Health Care Capital Access Act of 2006
- lawCoast Guard and Maritime Transportation Act of 2006
- lawFetus Farming Prohibition Act of 2006
- lawFreedom to Display the American Flag Act of 2005
- lawFannie Lou Hamer, Rosa Parks, and Coretta Scott King Voting Rights Act Reauthorization and Amendments Act of 2006
- lawAdam Walsh Child Protection and Safety Act of 2006
- lawNewlands Project Headquarters and Maintenance Yard Facility Transfer Act
- lawMigratory Bird Hunting and Conservation Stamp Act
- lawCarl D. Perkins Career and Technical Education Act of 2006
- lawDepartment of Justice Appropriations Authorization Act of 2005
- lawPension Protection Act of 2006
- lawYouthBuild Transfer Act
- lawFederal Funding Accountability and Transparency Act of 2006
- lawUnited States-Oman Free Trade Agreement Implementation Act
- lawPueblo de San Ildefonso Claims Settlement Act of 2005
- lawChild and Family Services Improvement Act of 2006
- lawDepartment of Defense Appropriations Act, 2007
- lawMilitary Personnel Financial Services Protection Act
- lawCredit Rating Agency Reform Act of 2006
- lawThird Higher Education Extension Act of 2006
- lawIran Freedom Support Act
- lawPartners for Fish and Wildlife Act
- lawDepartment of Homeland Security Appropriations Act, 2007
- lawWichita Project Equus Beds Division Authorization Act of 2005
- lawCopyright Royalty Judges Program Technical Corrections Act
- lawRailroad Retirement Technical Improvement Act of 2006
- lawChildren's Hospital GME Support Reauthorization Act of 2006
- lawPets Evacuation and Transportation Standards Act of 2006
- lawTrademark Dilution Revision Act of 2006
- lawGeneral Services Administration Modernization Act
- lawNational Law Enforcement Officers Memorial Maintenance Fund Act of 2005
- lawSte. Genevieve County National Historic Site Study Act of 2005
- lawSalt Cedar and Russian Olive Control Demonstration Act
- lawNorth American Wetlands Conservation Reauthorization Act of 2006
- lawRio Arriba County Land Conveyance Act
- lawGreat Lakes Fish and Wildlife Restoration Act of 2006
- lawRio Grande Natural Area Act
- lawNational Heritage Areas Act of 2006
- lawDarfur Peace and Accountability Act of 2006
- lawWright Amendment Reform Act of 2006
- lawNorth Korea Nonproliferation Act of 2006
- lawLake Mattamuskeet Lodge Preservation Act
- lawLong Island Sound Stewardship Act of 2006
- lawNational Fish Hatchery System Volunteer Act of 2006
- lawVeterans' Compensation Cost-of-Living Adjustment Act of 2006
- lawJohn Warner National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2007
- lawMilitary Commissions Act of 2006
- lawSecure Fence Act of 2006
- lawLower Farmington River and Salmon Brook Wild and Scenic River Study Act of 2005
- lawPactola Reservoir Reallocation Authorization Act of 2005
- lawIdaho Land Enhancement Act
- lawFort McDowell Indian Community Water Rights Settlement Revision Act of 2006
- lawAnimal Enterprise Terrorism Act
- lawSierra National Forest Land Exchange Act of 2006
- lawPitkin County Land Exchange Act of 2006
- lawPueblo of Isleta Settlement and Natural Resources Restoration Act of 2006
- lawValle Vidal Protection Act of 2005
- lawPaint Bank and Wytheville National Fish Hatcheries Conveyance Act
- lawFinancial Netting Improvements Act of 2006
- lawOuachita National Forest Boundary Adjustment Act of 2006
- lawEsther Martinez Native American Languages Preservation Act of 2006
- lawCongressional Tribute to Dr. Norman E. Borlaug Act of 2006
- lawFederal and District of Columbia Government Real Property Act of 2006
- lawRyan White HIV/AIDS Treatment Modernization Act of 2006
- lawCombating Autism Act of 2006
- lawPandemic and All-Hazards Preparedness Act
- lawCaptain John Smith Chesapeake National Historic Trail Designation Act
- lawSober Truth on Preventing Underage Drinking Act
- lawNursing Relief for Disadvantaged Areas Reauthorization Act of 2005
- lawTsunami Warning and Education Act
- lawWool Suit Fabric Labeling Fairness and International Standards Conforming Act
- lawRiver Raisin National Battlefield Study Act
- lawNational Integrated Drought Information System Act of 2006
- lawTax Relief and Health Care Act of 2006
- lawPostal Accountability and Enhancement Act
- lawMichigan Lighthouse and Maritime Heritage Act
- lawStolen Valor Act of 2005
- lawReligious Liberty and Charitable Donation Clarification Act of 2006
- lawIraq Reconstruction Accountability Act of 2006
- orderAdjustments of Certain Rates of Pay
- lawLifespan Respite Care Act of 2006
- lawFallen Firefighters Assistance Tax Clarification Act of 2006
- lawPalestinian Anti-Terrorism Act of 2006
- lawUnited States-Mexico Transboundary Aquifer Assessment Act
- lawMarine Debris Research, Prevention, and Reduction Act
- lawPrematurity Research Expansion and Education for Mothers who deliver Infants Early Act
- lawRural Water Supply Act of 2006
- lawMusconetcong Wild and Scenic Rivers Act
- lawNational Historic Preservation Act Amendments Act of 2006
- lawCity of Yuma Improvement Act
- lawUndertaking Spam, Spyware, And Fraud Enforcement With Enforcers beyond Borders Act of 2006 (U.S. SAFE WEB Act)
- lawDemocratic Republic of the Congo Relief, Security, and Democracy Promotion Act of 2006
- lawEugene Land Conveyance Act
- lawBlunt Reservoir and Pierre Canal Land Conveyance Act of 2006
- lawCall Home Act of 2006
- lawVeterans Benefits, Health Care, and Information Technology Act of 2006
- lawDietary Supplement and Nonprescription Drug Consumer Protection Act
- lawSocial Security Trust Funds Restoration Act of 2006
- lawPipeline Inspection, Protection, Enforcement, and Safety Act of 2006
- lawOffice of National Drug Control Policy Reauthorization Act of 2006
- lawHolloman Air Force Base Land Exchange Act
- lawWater Resources Research Act Amendments of 2006
- lawPine Springs Land Exchange Act
- lawGynecologic Cancer Education and Awareness Act of 2005
- lawTelephone Records and Privacy Protection Act of 2006
- lawPhysicians for Underserved Areas Act
- lawRailroad Retirement Disability Earnings Act
- lawMagnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Reauthorization Act of 2006
- lawBelarus Democracy Reauthorization Act of 2006
- lawGeneva Distinctive Emblems Protection Act of 2006
- lawNational Institutes of Health Reform Act of 2006
- lawHouse Page Board Revision Act of 2007
- lawRevised Continuing Appropriations Resolution, 2007
- lawAntitrust Modernization Commission Extension Act of 2007
- rulingMassachusetts v. Environmental Protection Agency
- lawNATO Freedom Consolidation Act of 2007
- order2007 Amendments to the Manual for Courts-Martial, United States
- rulingAlberto R. Gonzales v. Leroy Carhart
- lawNational Breast and Cervical Cancer Early Detection Program Reauthorization Act of 2007
- lawOlder Americans Reauthorization Technical Corrections Act
- lawAnimal Fighting Prohibition Enforcement Act of 2007
- lawTrauma Care Systems Planning and Development Act of 2007
- lawJudicial Disclosure Responsibility Act
- lawAmerican National Red Cross Governance Modernization Act of 2007
- rulingBell Atlantic Corporation v. Twombly
- lawU.S. Troop Readiness, Veterans' Care, Katrina Recovery, and Iraq Accountability Appropriations Act, 2007
- lawPreserving United States Attorney Independence Act of 2007
- rulingBowles v. Russell
- lawPreservation Approval Process Improvement Act of 2007
- lawNative American Home Ownership Opportunity Act of 2007
- rulingFederal Election Commission v. Wisconsin Right to Life, Inc.
- rulingParents Involved in Community Schools v. Seattle School District No. 1
- rulingLeegin Creative Leather Products, Inc. v. PSKS, Inc.