How did the United States change between Nov 13, 1945 and Oct 16, 2026?

Every branch of government, compared side by side.

Trump II so farBiden termTrump I termObama termSince 9/11Since ReaganPostwar → nowSurprise me
24 files changed, 163,957 insertions(+), 1,251 deletions(−) · 81 years
Laws enacted
+2,870
major laws · full counts from 1973
Executive orders
+1,549
signed · since 1994 only
Final rules
+119,835
9,497 significant
Supreme Court
9 of 9
seats changed hands
Agencies
+367 −101
departments & tracked agencies
Public debt
+$40.1T
$259B → $40.3T

The presidency passed from Harry S. Truman to Donald J. Trump across 14 transitions. 100 senators and 433 representatives took seats that they did not hold before. 9 new justices joined the Supreme Court. Inflation-adjusted federal spending changed +861% (FY1946 → FY2025). 6 constitutional amendments were ratified.

Executive7 files+138,713−117

executive/presidentThe presidency
+1−1National Archives ↗
Harry S. Truman D
33rd president
13 presidents in between
Dwight David Eisenhower R
took office Jan 20, 1953
John Fitzgerald Kennedy D
took office Jan 20, 1961
Lyndon Baines Johnson D
took office Nov 22, 1963
Richard Milhous Nixon R
took office Jan 20, 1969
Gerald Rudolph Ford Jr. R
took office Aug 9, 1974
James Earl Carter D
took office Jan 20, 1977
Ronald Wilson Reagan R
took office Jan 20, 1981
George Herbert Walker Bush R
took office Jan 20, 1989
William Jefferson Clinton D
took office Jan 20, 1993
George Walker Bush R
took office Jan 20, 2001
Barack Hussein Obama D
took office Jan 20, 2009
Donald J. Trump R
took office Jan 20, 2017
Joseph Robinette Biden Jr. D
took office Jan 20, 2021
Donald J. Trump R
47th president · took office Jan 20, 2025
executive/vice-presidentThe vice presidency
+1−1Senate Historical Office ↗
vacant
J.D. Vance R
took office Jan 20, 2025
executive/cabinetCabinet & senior officials
+30−14Wikidata ↗
Secretary of State · 23 people took this office in between
James F. Byrnes R
Marco Rubio R
confirmed 99–0 · Jan 20, 2025
Secretary of the Treasury · 26 people took this office in between
Fred M. Vinson D
Scott Bessent
confirmed 68–29 · Jan 27, 2025
Secretary of War
Robert P. Patterson D
office vacant or abolished
Secretary of Defense · 29 people took this office in between
office did not exist
Pete Hegseth R
confirmed 51–50 · Jan 24, 2025
Attorney General · 28 people took this office in between
Thomas Campbell Clark D
Todd Blanche R
confirmed 50–49 · Aug 8, 2026
Postmaster General · 7 people took this office in between
David P. Steiner
Show 20 more cabinet offices
Secretary of the Navy · 41 people took this office in between
James Forrestal D
office vacant or abolished
Secretary of the Interior · 16 people took this office in between
Harold L. Ickes PP
Doug Burgum R
confirmed 80–17 · Jan 30, 2025
Secretary of Agriculture · 15 people took this office in between
Clinton Anderson D
Brooke Rollins
confirmed 72–28 · Feb 13, 2025
Secretary of Commerce · 23 people took this office in between
Henry A. Wallace PP
Howard Lutnick R
confirmed 51–45 · Feb 18, 2025
Secretary of Labor · 20 people took this office in between
Keith Sonderling
Secretary of Health and Human Services · 14 people took this office in between
office did not exist
Robert F. Kennedy Jr. I
confirmed 52–48 · Feb 13, 2025
Secretary of Housing and Urban Development · 19 people took this office in between
office did not exist
Scott Turner R
confirmed 55–44 · Feb 5, 2025
Secretary of Transportation · 19 people took this office in between
office did not exist
Sean Duffy R
confirmed 77–22 · Jan 28, 2025
Secretary of Energy · 19 people took this office in between
office did not exist
Chris Wright
confirmed 59–38 · Feb 3, 2025
Secretary of Education · 14 people took this office in between
office did not exist
Linda McMahon R
confirmed 51–45 · Mar 3, 2025
Secretary of Veterans Affairs · 12 people took this office in between
office did not exist
Doug Collins R
confirmed 77–23 · Feb 4, 2025
Secretary of Homeland Security · 9 people took this office in between
office did not exist
Markwayne Mullin R
confirmed 54–45 · Mar 23, 2026
White House Chief of Staff · 36 people took this office in between
office did not exist
Susie Wiles R
Director of the Office of Management and Budget · 39 people took this office in between
Harold D. Smith D
Russell Vought R
Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency · 16 people took this office in between
office did not exist
Lee Zeldin R
confirmed 56–42 · Jan 29, 2025
Ambassador to the United Nations · 42 people took this office in between
office did not exist
Mike Waltz R
Director of National Intelligence · 11 people took this office in between
office did not exist
Jay Clayton I
confirmed 51–47 · Jul 28, 2026
Director of the Central Intelligence Agency · 10 people took this office in between
office did not exist
John Ratcliffe R
confirmed 74–25 · Jan 23, 2025
Administrator of the Small Business Administration · 11 people took this office in between
office did not exist
Kelly Loeffler R
confirmed 52–46 · Feb 19, 2025
U.S. Trade Representative · 7 people took this office in between
office did not exist
Jamieson Greer
Other senior officials (7 changed)
Postmaster General · 7 people took this office in between
David P. Steiner
Secretary of the Navy · 41 people took this office in between
James Forrestal D
office vacant or abolished
Chair of the Federal Reserve · 10 people took this office in between
Marriner Stoddard Eccles D
Kevin Warsh R
Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff · 23 people took this office in between
William D. Leahy
Dan Caine
Director of the FBI · 8 people took this office in between
J. Edgar Hoover I
Kash Patel
National Security Advisor · 29 people took this office in between
office did not exist
Marco Rubio R (acting)
Solicitor General · 15 people took this office in between
J. Howard McGrath D
D. John Sauer
executive/ordersExecutive orders
+1,549Federal Register API ↗
1,549 executive orders signed · William J. Clinton 308 · George W. Bush 291 · Barack Obama 278 · Donald Trump 510 · Joseph R. Biden Jr. 162
EO 12902 Energy Efficiency and Water Conservation at Federal Facilities
signed Mar 8, 1994 by William J. Clinton · revoked Jun 3, 1999 by EO 13123 (Clinton)
EO 12919 National Defense Industrial Resources Preparedness
signed Jun 3, 1994 by William J. Clinton
EO 12936 Amendments to the Manual for Courts-Martial, United States, 1984
signed Nov 10, 1994 by William J. Clinton
EO 12940 Amendment to Civil Service Rule VI
signed Nov 28, 1994 by William J. Clinton
EO 12944 Adjustments of Certain Rates of Pay and Allowances
signed Dec 28, 1994 by William J. Clinton · revoked Dec 28, 1995 by EO 12984 (Clinton)
EO 12958 Classified National Security Information
signed Apr 17, 1995 by William J. Clinton · revoked Dec 29, 2009 by EO 13526 (Obama)
EO 12960 Amendments to the Manual for Courts-Martial, United States, 1984
signed May 12, 1995 by William J. Clinton
EO 12968 Access to Classified Information
signed Aug 2, 1995 by William J. Clinton
Show 6 more
EO 12984 Adjustments of Certain Rates of Pay and Allowances
Dec 28, 1995 · William J. Clinton
EO 13029 Implementing, for the United States, the Provisions of An- nex 1 of the Decision Concerning Legal Capacity and Privileges and Immunities, Issued by the Council of Ministers of the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe on December 1, 1993
Dec 3, 1996 · William J. Clinton
EO 13033 Executive Order 13033 of December 27, 1996
Dec 27, 1996 · William J. Clinton
EO 13071 Adjustments of Certain Rates of Pay
Dec 29, 1997 · William J. Clinton
EO 13086 1998 Amendments to the Manual for Courts-Martial, United States
May 27, 1998 · William J. Clinton
EO 13101 Greening the Government Through Waste Prevention, Recycling, and Federal Acquisition
Sep 14, 1998 · William J. Clinton
Only orders signed after Dec 30, 1993 are counted; Federal Register coverage starts there.
executive/nominationsSenate confirmations
+16,930Congress.gov ↗
23,049 civilian nominations received · 16,930 confirmed · 816 withdrawn · 4,883 returned to the President
Caspar Willard Weinberger, of California, to be Secretary of Defense.
confirmed Jan 20, 1981 · 97–2
William Emerson Brock III, of Tennessee, to be United States Trade Representative, with the rank of Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, vice Reubin O'D Askew.
confirmed Jan 21, 1981 · 99–0
Richard S. Schweiker, of Pennsylvania, to be Secretary of Health and Human Services.
confirmed Jan 21, 1981 · 99–0
Donald T. Regan, of New Jersey, to be Secretary of the Treasury.
confirmed Jan 21, 1981 · 98–0
Alexander Meigs Haig, Jr., of Connecticut, to be Secretary of State.
confirmed Jan 21, 1981 · 93–6
T. H. Bell, of Utah, to be Secretary of Education.
confirmed Jan 22, 1981 · 90–2
Andrew L. Lewis, Jr., of Pennsylvania, to be Secretary of Transportation.
confirmed Jan 22, 1981 · 98–0
James B. Edwards, of South Carolina, to be Secretary of Energy.
confirmed Jan 22, 1981 · 93–3
Samuel R. Pierce, Jr., of New York, to be Secretary of Housing and Urban Development.
confirmed Jan 22, 1981 · 98–0
Malcolm Baldrige, of Connecticut, to be Secretary of Commerce.
confirmed Jan 22, 1981 · 97–1
John R. Block, of Illinois, to be Secretary of Agriculture.
confirmed Jan 22, 1981 · 98–0
William French Smith, of California, to be Attorney General.
confirmed Jan 22, 1981 · 96–1
Show 314 more top confirmations
James Gaius Watt, of Colorado, to be Secretary of the Interior.
confirmed Jan 22, 1981 · 83–12
David A. Stockman, of Michigan, to be Director of the Office of Management and Budget.
confirmed Jan 27, 1981 · 93–0
Jeane J. Kirkpatrick, of Maryland, to be the Representative of the United States of America to the United Nations with the rank and status of Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, and the Representative of the United Statesof America in the Security Council of the United Nations.
confirmed Jan 29, 1981 · 81–0
Raymond J. Donovan, of New Jersey, to be Secretary of Labor.
confirmed Feb 3, 1981 · 80–17
Michael Cardenas, of California, to be Administrator of the Small Business Administration, vice Arthur Vernon Weaver, Jr., resigned.
confirmed Mar 26, 1981
Ann McGill Gorsuch, of Colorado, to be Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, vice Douglas M. Costle, resigned.
confirmed May 5, 1981
Sandra Day O'Connor, of Arizona, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, vice Potter Stewart, retired.
confirmed Sep 21, 1981 · 99–0
James C. Sanders, of California, to be Administrator of the Small Business Administration, vice Michael Cardenas, resigned.
confirmed Mar 29, 1982
George P. Shultz, of California, to be Secretary of State.
confirmed Jul 15, 1982 · 97–0
Donald P. Hodel, of Oregon, to be Secretary of Energy, to which position he was appointed during the current recess of the Senate.
confirmed Dec 8, 1982 · 86–8
Elizabeth Hanford Dole, of Kansas, to be Secretary of Transportation.
confirmed Feb 1, 1983 · 97–0
Margaret M. Heckler, of Massachusetts, to be Secretary of Health and Human Services.
confirmed Mar 3, 1983 · 82–3
William D. Ruckelshaus, of Washington, to be Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, vice Anne McGill Burford, resigned.
confirmed May 17, 1983 · 97–0
Paul A. Volcker, of New Jersey, to be Chairman of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System for a term of four years. (Reappointment)
confirmed Jul 27, 1983 · 84–16
William P. Clark, of California, to be Secretary of the Interior.
confirmed Nov 18, 1983 · 71–18
James A. Baker III, of Texas, to be Secretary of the Treasury.
confirmed Jan 29, 1985 · 95–0
John S. Herrington, of California, to be Secretary of Energy.
confirmed Feb 6, 1985 · 93–1
William J. Bennett, of North Carolina, to be Secretary of Education.
confirmed Feb 6, 1985 · 93–0
Donald P. Hodel, of Virginia, to be Secretary of the Interior.
confirmed Feb 6, 1985 · 93–1
Lee M. Thomas, of Virginia, to be Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, vice William D. Ruckelshaus, resigned.
confirmed Feb 7, 1985
Edwin Meese III, of California, to be Attorney General.
confirmed Feb 23, 1985 · 63–31
William Emerson Brock III, of Tennessee, to be Secretary of Labor.
confirmed Apr 26, 1985
Vernon A. Walters, of Florida, to be the Representative of the United States of America to the United Nations with the rank and status of Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, and the Representative of the UnitedStates of America in the Security Council of the United Nations.
confirmed May 16, 1985
Clayton Yeutter, of Nebraska, to be United States Trade Representative, with the rank of Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, vice William Emerson Brock III.
confirmed Jun 27, 1985
James C. Miller III, of the District of Columbia, to be Director of the Office of Management and Budget, vice David A. Stockman, resigned.
confirmed Oct 4, 1985 · 90–2
Otis R. Bowen, of Indiana, to be Secretary of Health and Human Services.
confirmed Dec 12, 1985 · 93–2
Richard E. Lyng, of Virginia, to be Secretary of Agriculture.
confirmed Mar 6, 1986 · 95–2
William H. Rehnquist, of Virginia, to be Chief Justice of the United States.
confirmed Sep 17, 1986 · 65–33
Antonin Scalia, of Virginia, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, vice William H. Rehnquist.
confirmed Sep 17, 1986 · 98–0
James Abdnor, of South Dakota, to be Administrator of the Small Business Administration, vice James C. Sanders, resigned.
confirmed Mar 20, 1987
Alan Greenspan, of New York, to be a Member of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System for the unexpired term of fourteen years from February 1, 1978, vice Paul A. Volcker, resigned. Alan Greenspan, of New York, to be Chairman of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System for a term of four years, vice Paul A. Volcker, resigned.
confirmed Aug 3, 1987 · 91–2
C. William Verity, Jr., of Ohio, to be Secretary of Commerce.
confirmed Oct 13, 1987 · 84–11
Frank C. Carlucci, of Virginia, to be Secretary of Defense.
confirmed Nov 20, 1987 · 91–1
James H. Burnley IV, of North Carolina, to be Secretary of Transportation.
confirmed Nov 30, 1987 · 74–0
Ann Dore McLaughlin, of the District of Columbia, to be Secretary of Labor.
confirmed Dec 11, 1987 · 94–0
Anthony M. Kennedy, of California, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, vice Lewis F. Powell, Jr., retired.
confirmed Feb 3, 1988 · 97–0
Richard L. Thornburgh, of Pennsylvania, to be Attorney General.
confirmed Aug 11, 1988 · 85–0
Nicholas F. Brady, of New Jersey, to be Secretary of the Treasury.
confirmed Sep 14, 1988 · 92–2
Lauro F. Cavazos, of Texas, to be Secretary of Education.
confirmed Sep 20, 1988 · 94–0
Richard G. Darman, of Virginia, to be Director of the Office of Management and Budget.
confirmed Jan 25, 1989 · 99–0
Elizabeth Hanford Dole, of Kansas, to be Secretary of Labor.
confirmed Jan 25, 1989 · 99–0
James Addison Baker, III, of Texas, to be Secretary of State.
confirmed Jan 25, 1989 · 99–0
Carla Anderson Hills, of California, to be United States Trade Representative, with the rank of Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary.
confirmed Jan 31, 1989 · 100–0
Samuel Knox Skinner, of Illinois, to be Secretary of Transportation.
confirmed Jan 31, 1989 · 100–0
Robert Adam Mosbacher, of Texas, to be Secretary of Commerce.
confirmed Jan 31, 1989 · 100–0
William Kane Reilly, of Virginia, to be Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency.
confirmed Feb 2, 1989 · 100–0
Jack Kemp, of New York, to be Secretary of Housing and Urban Development.
confirmed Feb 2, 1989 · 100–0
Manuel Lujan, Jr., of New Mexico, to be Secretary of the Interior.
confirmed Feb 2, 1989 · 100–0
Clayton Yeutter, of Nebraska, to be Secretary of Agriculture.
confirmed Feb 8, 1989 · 100–0
Louis W. Sullivan, of Georgia, to be Secretary of Health and Human Services.
confirmed Mar 1, 1989 · 98–1
Edward J. Derwinski, of Illinois, to be Secretary of Veterans Affairs.
confirmed Mar 2, 1989 · 94–0
Thomas R. Pickering, of New Jersey, to be the Representative of the United States of America to the United Nations with the rank and status of Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, and the Representative of the United States of America in the Security Council of the United Nations.
confirmed Mar 7, 1989 · 99–0
Richard B. Cheney, of Wyoming, to be Secretary of Defense.
confirmed Mar 17, 1989 · 92–0
Susan S. Engeleiter, of Wisconsin, to be Administrator of the Small Business Administration, vice James Abdnor, resigned.
confirmed Apr 19, 1989
David H. Souter, of New Hampshire, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, vice William Joseph Brennan, Jr., retired.
confirmed Oct 2, 1990 · 90–9
Lynn Martin, of Illinois, to be Secretary of Labor.
confirmed Feb 7, 1991 · 94–0
Edward R. Madigan, of Illinois, to be Secretary of Agriculture, vice Clayton Yeutter, resigned.
confirmed Mar 7, 1991 · 99–0
Andrew Lamar Alexander, Jr., of Tennessee, to be Secretary of Education.
confirmed Mar 14, 1991
Patricia F. Saiki, of Hawaii, to be Administrator of the Small Business Administration, vice Susan S. Engeleiter, resigned.
confirmed Mar 21, 1991
Clarence Thomas, of Georgia, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, vice Thurgood Marshall, retired.
confirmed Oct 15, 1991 · 52–48
William Pelham Barr, of Virginia, to be Attorney General.
confirmed Nov 20, 1991
Andrew H. Card, Jr., of Massachusetts, to be Secretary of Transportation.
confirmed Feb 21, 1992
Alan Greenspan, of New York, to be Chairman of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System for a term of four years, to which position he was appointed during the last recess of the Senate.
confirmed Feb 27, 1992
Barbara Hackman Franklin, of Pennsylvania, to be Secretary of Commerce.
confirmed Feb 27, 1992
Edward Joseph Perkins, of Oregon, a Career Member of the Senior Foreign Service, Class of Career Minister, to be the Representative of the United States of America to the United Nations with rank and status of Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, and the Representative of the United States of America in the Security Council of the United Nations.
confirmed Apr 2, 1992
Warren Christopher, of California, to be Secretary of State.
confirmed Jan 20, 1993
Lloyd Bentsen, of Texas, to be Secretary of the Treasury.
confirmed Jan 20, 1993
Les Aspin, of Wisconsin, to be Secretary of Defense.
confirmed Jan 20, 1993
Carol M. Browner, of Florida, to be Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency.
confirmed Jan 21, 1993
Leon E. Panetta, of California, to be Director of the Office of Management and Budget.
confirmed Jan 21, 1993
Michael Kantor, of California, to be United States Trade Representative, with the rank of Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary.
confirmed Jan 21, 1993
Richard W. Riley, of South Carolina, to be Secretary of Education.
confirmed Jan 21, 1993
Donna E. Shalala, of Wisconsin, to be Secretary of Health and Human Services.
confirmed Jan 21, 1993
Jesse Brown, of the District of Columbia, to be Secretary of Veterans Affairs.
confirmed Jan 21, 1993
Robert B. Reich, of Massachusetts, to be Secretary of Labor.
confirmed Jan 21, 1993
Henry G. Cisneros, of Texas, to be Secretary of Housing and Urban Development.
confirmed Jan 21, 1993
Hazel Rollins O'Leary, of Minnesota, to be Secretary of Energy.
confirmed Jan 21, 1993
Federico Pena, of Colorado, to be Secretary of Transportation.
confirmed Jan 21, 1993
Mike Espy, of Mississippi, to be Secretary of Agriculture.
confirmed Jan 21, 1993
Bruce Babbitt, of Arizona, to be Secretary of the Interior.
confirmed Jan 21, 1993
Ronald H. Brown, of the District of Columbia, to be Secretary of Commerce.
confirmed Jan 21, 1993
Madeleine Korbel Albright, of the District of Columbia, to be the Representative of the United States of America to the United Nations with rank and status of Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, and the Representative of the United States of America in the Security Council of the United Nations.
confirmed Jan 26, 1993
Janet Reno, of Florida, to be Attorney General.
confirmed Mar 11, 1993 · 98–0
Erskine B. Bowles, of North Carolina, to be Administrator of the Small Business Administration, vice Patricia F. Saiki, resigned.
confirmed May 7, 1993
William J. Perry, of California, to be Secretary of Defense, vice Les Aspin, resigned.
confirmed Feb 3, 1994 · 97–0
David Elias Birenbaum, of the District of Columbia, to be Representative of the United States of America to the United Nations for U.N. Management and Reform, with the rank of Ambassador.
confirmed Jun 24, 1994
Stephen G. Breyer, of Massachusetts, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, vice Harry A. Blackmun.
confirmed Jul 29, 1994 · 87–9
Alice M. Rivlin, of the District of Columbia, to be Director of the Office of Management and Budget, vice Leon E. Panetta.
confirmed Oct 7, 1994
Philip Lader, of South Carolina, to be Administrator of the Small Business Administration, vice Erskine B. Bowles.
confirmed Oct 8, 1994
Robert E. Rubin, of New York, to be Secretary of the Treasury, vice Lloyd Bentsen, resigned.
confirmed Jan 10, 1995 · 99–0
Daniel Robert Glickman, of Kansas, to be Secretary of Agriculture, vice Mike Espy, resigned.
confirmed Mar 30, 1995 · 94–0
Alan Greenspan, of New York, to be Chairman of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System for a term of four years. (Reappointment)
confirmed Jun 20, 1996 · 91–7
Franklin D. Raines, of the District of Columbia, to be Director of the Office of Management and Budget, vice Alice M. Rivlin.
confirmed Sep 6, 1996
Madeleine Korbel Albright, of the District of Columbia, to be Secretary of State, vice Warren Christopher, resigned.
confirmed Jan 22, 1997 · 99–0
William M. Daley, of Illinois, to be Secretary of Commerce, vice Michael Kantor.
confirmed Jan 30, 1997 · 95–2
Rodney E. Slater, of Arkansas, to be Secretary of Transportation, vice Federico Pena.
confirmed Feb 6, 1997 · 98–0
Bill Richardson, of New Mexico, to be the Representative of the United States of America to the United Nations with the rank and status of Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, and the Representative of the United States of America in the Security Council of the United Nations, vice Madeleine Korbel Albright.
confirmed Feb 11, 1997 · 100–0
Aida Alvarez, of New York, to be Administrator of the Small Business Administration, vice Philip Lader.
confirmed Feb 13, 1997
Charlene Barshefsky, of the District of Columbia, to be United States Trade Representative, with the rank of Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, vice Michael Kantor.
confirmed Mar 5, 1997 · 99–1
Federico Pena, of Colorado, to be Secretary of Energy, vice Hazel Rollins O'Leary, retired.
confirmed Mar 12, 1997 · 99–1
Alexis M. Herman, of Alabama, to be Secretary of Labor, vice Robert B. Reich.
confirmed Apr 30, 1997 · 85–13
Richard Sklar, of California, to be Representative of the United States of America to the United Nations for UN Management and Reform, with the Rank of Ambassador.
confirmed Jul 31, 1997
Togo Dennis West, Jr., of the District of Columbia, to be Secretary of Veterans Affairs, vice Jesse Brown, resigned.
confirmed Apr 28, 1998
Jacob Joseph Lew, of New York, to be Director of the Office of Management and Budget, vice Franklin D. Raines, resigned.
confirmed Jul 31, 1998
Bill Richardson, of New Mexico, to be Secretary of Energy, vice Federico Pena, resigned.
confirmed Jul 31, 1998
Lawrence H. Summers, of Maryland, to be Secretary of the Treasury, vice Robert E. Rubin.
confirmed Jul 1, 1999 · 97–2
Richard Holbrooke, of New York, to be the Representative of the United States of America to the United Nations with the rank and status of Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, and the Representative of the United States of America in the Security Council of the United Nations, vice Bill Richardson, resigned.
confirmed Aug 5, 1999 · 81–16
Donald Stuart Hays, of Virginia, a Career Member of the Senior Foreign Service, Class of Minister-Counselor, to be Representative of the United States of America to the United Nations for U.N. Management and Reform, with the rank of Ambassador.
confirmed Nov 10, 1999
Alan Greenspan, of New York, to be Chairman of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System for a term of four years. (Reappointment)
confirmed Feb 3, 2000 · 89–4
Norman Y. Mineta, of California, to be Secretary of Commerce, vice William M. Daley.
confirmed Jul 20, 2000
Roderick R. Paige, of Texas, to be Secretary of Education.
confirmed Jan 20, 2001
Colin Luther Powell, of Virginia, to be Secretary of State.
confirmed Jan 20, 2001
Paul Henry O'Neill, of Pennsylvania, to be Secretary of the Treasury.
confirmed Jan 20, 2001
Donald Henry Rumsfeld, of Illinois, to be Secretary of Defense.
confirmed Jan 20, 2001
Donald Louis Evans, of Texas, to be Secretary of Commerce.
confirmed Jan 20, 2001
Spencer Abraham, of Michigan, to be Secretary of Energy.
confirmed Jan 20, 2001
Ann Margaret Veneman, of California, to be Secretary of Agriculture.
confirmed Jan 20, 2001
Mitchell E. Daniels, Jr., of Indiana, to be Director of the Office of Management and Budget.
confirmed Jan 23, 2001 · 100–0
Anthony Joseph Principi, of California, to be Secretary of Veterans Affairs.
confirmed Jan 23, 2001 · 100–0
Melquiades Rafael Martinez, of Florida, to be Secretary of Housing and Urban Development.
confirmed Jan 23, 2001 · 100–0
Tommy G. Thompson, of Wisconsin, to be Secretary of Health and Human Services.
confirmed Jan 24, 2001 · 100–0
Elaine Lan Chao, of Kentucky, to be Secretary of Labor.
confirmed Jan 29, 2001
Gale Ann Norton, of Colorado, to be Secretary of the Interior.
confirmed Jan 30, 2001 · 75–24
Christine Todd Whitman, of New Jersey, to be Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency.
confirmed Jan 30, 2001 · 99–0
John Ashcroft, of Missouri, to be Attorney General.
confirmed Feb 1, 2001 · 58–42
Robert B. Zoellick, of Virginia, to be United States Trade Representative, with the rank of Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary.
confirmed Feb 6, 2001 · 98–0
Hector V. Barreto, Jr., of California, to be Administrator of the Small Business Administration, vice Aida Alvarez, resigned.
confirmed Jul 25, 2001
John D. Negroponte, of the District of Columbia, to be the Representative of the United States of America to the United Nations, with the rank and status of Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, and the Representative of the United States of America in the Security Council of the United Nations, vice Richard Holbrooke.
confirmed Sep 14, 2001
Patrick Francis Kennedy, of Illinois, a Career Member of the Senior Foreign Service, Class of Career Minister, to be Representative of the United States of America to the United Nations for the U.N. Management and Reform, with the rank of Ambassador, vice Donald Stuart Hays.
confirmed Sep 14, 2001
Thomas J. Ridge, of Pennsylvania, to be Secretary of Homeland Security. (New Position)
confirmed Jan 22, 2003 · 94–0
John W. Snow, of Virginia, to be Secretary of the Treasury, vice Paul Henry O'Neill, resigned.
confirmed Jan 30, 2003
Joshua B. Bolten, of the District of Columbia, to be Director of the Office of Management and Budget, vice Mitchell E. Daniels, Jr., resigned.
confirmed Jun 26, 2003
Michael O. Leavitt, of Utah, to be Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, vice Christine Todd Whitman, resigned.
confirmed Oct 28, 2003 · 88–8
Alphonso R. Jackson, of Texas, to be Secretary of Housing and Urban Development, vice Melquiades Rafael Martinez, resigned.
confirmed Mar 31, 2004
Alan Greenspan, of New York, to be Chairman of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System for a term of four years. (Reappointment)
confirmed Jun 17, 2004
John C. Danforth, of Missouri, to be the Representative of the United States of America to the United Nations, with the rank and status of Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, and the Representative of the United States of America in the Security Council of the United Nations.
confirmed Jun 24, 2004
Margaret Spellings, of Texas, to be Secretary of Education, vice Roderick R. Paige, resigned.
confirmed Jan 20, 2005
Mike Johanns, of Nebraska, to be Secretary of Agriculture, vice Ann Margaret Veneman, resigned.
confirmed Jan 20, 2005
Carlos M. Gutierrez, of Michigan, to be Secretary of Commerce, vice Donald Louis Evans, resigned.
confirmed Jan 24, 2005
Jim Nicholson, of Colorado, to be Secretary of Veterans Affairs, vice Anthony Joseph Principi, resigned.
confirmed Jan 26, 2005
Michael O. Leavitt, of Utah, to be Secretary of Health and Human Services, vice Tommy G. Thompson, resigned.
confirmed Jan 26, 2005
Condoleezza Rice, of California, to be Secretary of State, vice Colin Luther Powell, resigned.
confirmed Jan 26, 2005 · 85–13
Samuel W. Bodman, of Massachusetts, to be Secretary of Energy, vice Spencer Abraham, resigned.
confirmed Jan 31, 2005
Alberto R. Gonzales, of Texas, to be Attorney General, vice John Ashcroft, resigned.
confirmed Feb 3, 2005 · 60–36
Michael Chertoff, of New Jersey, to be Secretary of Homeland Security, vice Thomas J. Ridge, resigned.
confirmed Feb 15, 2005 · 98–0
John D. Negroponte, of New York, to be Director of National Intelligence. (New Position)
confirmed Apr 21, 2005 · 98–2
Stephen L. Johnson, of Maryland, to be Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, vice Michael O. Leavitt.
confirmed Apr 28, 2005
Robert J. Portman, of Ohio, to be United States Trade Representative, with the rank of Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, vice Robert B. Zoellick, resigned.
confirmed Apr 28, 2005
John G. Roberts, Jr., of Maryland, to be Chief Justice of the United States, vice William H. Rehnquist, deceased.
confirmed Sep 29, 2005 · 78–22
Ben S. Bernanke, of New Jersey, to be Chairman of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System for a term of four years, vice Alan Greenspan.
confirmed Jan 31, 2006
Samuel A. Alito, Jr., of New Jersey, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, vice Sandra Day O'Connor, retiring.
confirmed Jan 31, 2006 · 58–42
Mark D. Wallace, of Florida, to be Representative of the United States of America to the United Nations for U.N. Management and Reform, with the rank of Ambassador, vice Patrick Francis Kennedy.
confirmed Mar 16, 2006
Dirk Kempthorne, of Idaho, to be Secretary of the Interior, vice Gale Ann Norton, resigned.
confirmed May 26, 2006
Robert J. Portman, of Ohio, to be Director of the Office of Management and Budget, vice Joshua B. Bolten.
confirmed May 26, 2006
General Michael V. Hayden, United States Air Force, to be Director of the Central Intelligence Agency, vice Porter J. Goss, resigned.
confirmed May 26, 2006 · 78–15
Susan C. Schwab, of Maryland, to be United States Trade Representative, with the rank of Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, vice Robert J. Portman.
confirmed Jun 8, 2006
Henry M. Paulson, Jr., of New York, to be Secretary of the Treasury, vice John W. Snow, resigned.
confirmed Jun 28, 2006
Steven C. Preston, of Illinois, to be Administrator of the Small Business Administration, vice Hector V. Barreto, Jr., resigned.
confirmed Jun 29, 2006
Mary E. Peters, of Arizona, to be Secretary of Transportation, vice Norman Y. Mineta, resigned.
confirmed Sep 29, 2006
Robert M. Gates, of Texas, to be Secretary of Defense, vice Donald Henry Rumsfeld, resigned.
confirmed Dec 6, 2006 · 95–2
J. Michael McConnell, of Virginia, to be Director of National Intelligence, vice John D. Negroponte.
confirmed Feb 7, 2007
Zalmay Khalilzad, of Maryland, to be the Representative of the United States of America to the United Nations, with the rank and status of Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, and the Representative of the United States of America in the Security Council of the United Nations.
confirmed Mar 29, 2007
Jim Nussle, of Iowa, to be Director of the Office of Management and Budget, vice Robert J. Portman.
confirmed Sep 4, 2007 · 69–24
Michael B. Mukasey, of New York, to be Attorney General, vice Alberto R. Gonzales, resigned.
confirmed Nov 8, 2007 · 53–40
James B. Peake, of the District of Columbia, to be Secretary of Veterans Affairs, vice Jim Nicholson, resigned.
confirmed Dec 14, 2007
Ed Schafer, of North Dakota, to be Secretary of Agriculture, vice Mike Johanns, resigned.
confirmed Jan 28, 2008
Steven C. Preston, of Illinois, to be Secretary of Housing and Urban Development, vice Alphonso R. Jackson, resigned.
confirmed Jun 4, 2008
Janet Ann Napolitano, of Arizona, to be Secretary of Homeland Security.
confirmed Jan 20, 2009
Peter R. Orszag, of Massachusetts, to be Director of the Office of Management and Budget.
confirmed Jan 20, 2009
Kenneth Lee Salazar, of Colorado, to be Secretary of the Interior.
confirmed Jan 20, 2009
Thomas J. Vilsack, of Iowa, to be Secretary of Agriculture.
confirmed Jan 20, 2009
Eric K. Shinseki, of Hawaii, to be Secretary of Veterans Affairs.
confirmed Jan 20, 2009
Arne Duncan, of Illinois, to be Secretary of Education.
confirmed Jan 20, 2009
Steven Chu, of California, to be Secretary of Energy.
confirmed Jan 20, 2009
Hillary Rodham Clinton, of New York, to be Secretary of State.
confirmed Jan 21, 2009 · 94–2
Lisa Perez Jackson, of New Jersey, to be Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency.
confirmed Jan 22, 2009
Susan E. Rice, of the District of Columbia, to be the Representative of the United States of America to the United Nations, with the rank and status of Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, and the Representative of the United States of America in the Security Council of the United Nations.
confirmed Jan 22, 2009
Ray LaHood, of Illinois, to be Secretary of Transportation.
confirmed Jan 22, 2009
Shaun L. S. Donovan, of New York, to be Secretary of Housing and Urban Development.
confirmed Jan 22, 2009
Timothy F. Geithner, of New York, to be Secretary of the Treasury.
confirmed Jan 26, 2009 · 60–34
Dennis Cutler Blair, of Pennsylvania, to be Director of National Intelligence, vice J. Michael McConnell, resigned.
confirmed Jan 28, 2009
Eric H. Holder, Jr., of the District of Columbia, to be Attorney General.
confirmed Feb 2, 2009 · 75–21
Leon E. Panetta, of California, to be Director of the Central Intelligence Agency, vice General Michael V. Hayden, United States Air Force.
confirmed Feb 12, 2009
Hilda L. Solis, of California, to be Secretary of Labor.
confirmed Feb 24, 2009 · 80–17
Ronald Kirk, of Texas, to be United States Trade Representative, with the rank of Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary.
confirmed Mar 18, 2009 · 92–5
Gary Locke, of Washington, to be Secretary of Commerce.
confirmed Mar 24, 2009
Karen Gordon Mills, of Maine, to be Administrator of the Small Business Administration, vice Steven C. Preston, resigned.
confirmed Apr 3, 2009
Kathleen Sebelius, of Kansas, to be Secretary of Health and Human Services.
confirmed Apr 28, 2009 · 65–31
Sonia Sotomayor, of New York, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, vice David H. Souter, retiring.
confirmed Aug 6, 2009 · 68–31
Ben S. Bernanke, of New Jersey, to be Chairman of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System for a term of four years. (Reappointment)
confirmed Jan 28, 2010 · 70–30
Elena Kagan, of Massachusetts, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, vice John Paul Stevens, retiring.
confirmed Aug 5, 2010 · 63–37
James R. Clapper, of Virginia, to be Director of National Intelligence, vice Dennis Cutler Blair, resigned.
confirmed Aug 5, 2010
Jacob J. Lew, of New York, to be Director of the Office of Management and Budget, vice Peter R. Orszag, resigned.
confirmed Nov 18, 2010
Joseph M. Torsella, of Pennsylvania, to be Representative of the United States of America to the United Nations for U.N. Management and Reform, with the rank of Ambassador.
confirmed Apr 14, 2011
Leon E. Panetta, of California, to be Secretary of Defense, vice Robert M. Gates.
confirmed Jun 21, 2011 · 100–0
David H. Petraeus, of New Hampshire, to be Director of the Central Intelligence Agency, vice Leon E. Panetta.
confirmed Jun 30, 2011 · 94–0
John Edgar Bryson, of California, to be Secretary of Commerce, vice Gary Locke.
confirmed Oct 20, 2011 · 74–26
John Forbes Kerry, of Massachusetts, to be Secretary of State, vice Hillary Rodham Clinton.
confirmed Jan 29, 2013 · 94–3
Charles Timothy Hagel, of Nebraska, to be Secretary of Defense, vice Leon E. Panetta.
confirmed Feb 26, 2013 · 58–41
Jacob J. Lew, of New York, to be Secretary of the Treasury, vice Timothy F. Geithner.
confirmed Feb 27, 2013 · 71–26
John Owen Brennan, of Virginia, to be Director of the Central Intelligence Agency, vice David H. Petraeus, resigned.
confirmed Mar 7, 2013 · 63–34
Sarah Jewell, of Washington, to be Secretary of the Interior, vice Kenneth Lee Salazar.
confirmed Apr 10, 2013 · 87–11
Sylvia Mathews Burwell, of West Virginia, to be Director of the Office of Management and Budget, vice Jacob J. Lew, resigned.
confirmed Apr 24, 2013 · 96–0
Ernest J. Moniz, of Massachusetts, to be Secretary of Energy, vice Steven Chu.
confirmed May 16, 2013 · 97–0
Michael Froman, of New York, to be United States Trade Representative, with the rank of Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, vice Ronald Kirk, resigned.
confirmed Jun 19, 2013 · 93–4
Penny Pritzker, of Illinois, to be Secretary of Commerce, vice John Edgar Bryson, resigned.
confirmed Jun 25, 2013 · 97–1
Anthony Renard Foxx, of North Carolina, to be Secretary of Transportation, vice Ray LaHood.
confirmed Jun 27, 2013 · 100–0
Regina McCarthy, of Massachusetts, to be Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, vice Lisa Perez Jackson, resigned.
confirmed Jul 18, 2013 · 59–40
Thomas Edward Perez, of Maryland, to be Secretary of Labor, vice Hilda L. Solis, resigned.
confirmed Jul 18, 2013 · 54–46
Samantha Power, of Massachusetts, to be the Representative of the United States of America to the United Nations, with the rank and status of Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, and the Representative of the United States of America in the Security Council of the United Nations.
confirmed Aug 1, 2013 · 87–10
Jeh Charles Johnson, of New Jersey, to be Secretary of Homeland Security, vice Janet Ann Napolitano, resigned.
confirmed Dec 16, 2013 · 78–16
Janet L. Yellen, of California, to be Chairman of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System for a term of four years, vice Ben S. Bernanke, resigned.
confirmed Jan 6, 2014 · 56–26
Maria Contreras-Sweet, of California, to be Administrator of the Small Business Administration, vice Karen Gordon Mills, resigned.
confirmed Mar 27, 2014
Sylvia Mathews Burwell, of West Virginia, to be Secretary of Health and Human Services, vice Kathleen Sebelius.
confirmed Jun 5, 2014 · 78–17
Julian Castro, of Texas, to be Secretary of Housing and Urban Development, vice Shaun L. S. Donovan.
confirmed Jul 9, 2014 · 71–26
Shaun L. S. Donovan, of New York, to be Director of the Office of Management and Budget, vice Sylvia Mathews Burwell.
confirmed Jul 10, 2014 · 75–22
Robert Alan McDonald, of Ohio, to be Secretary of Veterans Affairs, vice Eric K. Shinseki, resigned.
confirmed Jul 29, 2014 · 97–0
Isobel Coleman, of New York, to be Representative of the United States of America to the United Nations for U. N. Management and Reform, with the rank of Ambassador.
confirmed Dec 16, 2014
Ashton B. Carter, of Massachusetts, to be Secretary of Defense, vice Charles Timothy Hagel.
confirmed Feb 12, 2015 · 93–5
Loretta E. Lynch, of New York, to be Attorney General, vice Eric H. Holder, Jr.
confirmed Apr 23, 2015 · 56–43
John B. King, of New York, to be Secretary of Education, vice Arne Duncan.
confirmed Mar 14, 2016 · 49–40
John F. Kelly, of Virginia, to be Secretary of Homeland Security.
confirmed Jan 20, 2017 · 88–11
James Mattis, of Washington, to be Secretary of Defense.
confirmed Jan 20, 2017 · 98–1
Mike Pompeo, of Kansas, to be Director of the Central Intelligence Agency, vice John Owen Brennan.
confirmed Jan 23, 2017 · 66–32
Nikki R. Haley, of South Carolina, to be the Representative of the United States of America to the United Nations, with the rank and status of Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, and the Representative of the United States of America in the Security Council of the United Nations.
confirmed Jan 24, 2017 · 96–4
Elaine L. Chao, of Kentucky, to be Secretary of Transportation.
confirmed Jan 31, 2017 · 93–6
Rex W. Tillerson, of Texas, to be Secretary of State.
confirmed Feb 1, 2017 · 55–43
Jeff Sessions, of Alabama, to be Attorney General.
confirmed Feb 8, 2017 · 52–47
Thomas Price, of Georgia, to be Secretary of Health and Human Services.
confirmed Feb 10, 2017 · 52–47
David J. Shulkin, of Pennsylvania, to be Secretary of Veterans Affairs.
confirmed Feb 13, 2017 · 100–0
Steven T. Mnuchin, of California, to be Secretary of the Treasury.
confirmed Feb 13, 2017 · 53–47
Linda E. McMahon, of Connecticut, to be Administrator of the Small Business Administration, vice Maria Contreras-Sweet, resigned.
confirmed Feb 14, 2017 · 81–19
Mick Mulvaney, of South Carolina, to be Director of the Office of Management and Budget, vice Shaun L. S. Donovan, resigned.
confirmed Feb 16, 2017 · 51–49
Scott Pruitt, of Oklahoma, to be Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency.
confirmed Feb 17, 2017 · 52–46
Wilbur L. Ross, Jr., of Florida, to be Secretary of Commerce.
confirmed Feb 27, 2017 · 72–27
Ryan Zinke, of Montana, to be Secretary of the Interior.
confirmed Mar 1, 2017 · 68–31
Benjamin S. Carson, Sr., of Florida, to be Secretary of Housing and Urban Development.
confirmed Mar 2, 2017 · 58–41
James Richard Perry, of Texas, to be Secretary of Energy.
confirmed Mar 2, 2017 · 62–37
Daniel Coats, of Indiana, to be Director of National Intelligence, vice James R. Clapper, Jr.
confirmed Mar 15, 2017 · 85–12
Neil M. Gorsuch, of Colorado, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, vice Antonin Scalia, deceased.
confirmed Apr 7, 2017 · 54–45
Sonny Perdue, of Georgia, to be Secretary of Agriculture.
confirmed Apr 24, 2017 · 87–11
R. Alexander Acosta, of Florida, to be Secretary of Labor.
confirmed Apr 27, 2017 · 60–38
Robert Lighthizer, of Florida, to be United States Trade Representative, with the rank of Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary.
confirmed May 11, 2017 · 82–14
Kirstjen Nielsen, of Virginia, to be Secretary of Homeland Security, vice John F. Kelly, resigned.
confirmed Dec 5, 2017 · 62–37
Jerome H. Powell, of Maryland, to be Chairman of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System for a term of four years, vice Janet L. Yellen, term expiring.
confirmed Jan 23, 2018 · 84–13
Alex Michael Azar II, of Indiana, to be Secretary of Health and Human Services, vice Thomas Price, resigned.
confirmed Jan 24, 2018 · 55–43
Mike Pompeo, of Kansas, to be Secretary of State, vice Rex W. Tillerson.
confirmed Apr 26, 2018 · 57–42
Gina Haspel, of Kentucky, to be Director of the Central Intelligence Agency, vice Mike Pompeo.
confirmed May 17, 2018 · 54–45
Robert L. Wilkie, of North Carolina, to be Secretary of Veterans Affairs, vice David J. Shulkin.
confirmed Jul 23, 2018 · 86–9
Cherith Norman Chalet, of New Jersey, to be Representative of the United States of America to the United Nations for U.N. Management and Reform, with the rank of Ambassador.
confirmed Sep 12, 2018
Brett M. Kavanaugh, of Maryland, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, vice Anthony M. Kennedy, retiring.
confirmed Oct 6, 2018 · 50–48
William Pelham Barr, of Virginia, to be Attorney General, vice Jeff Sessions, resigned.
confirmed Feb 14, 2019 · 54–45
Andrew Wheeler, of Virginia, to be Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, vice Scott Pruitt.
confirmed Feb 28, 2019 · 52–47
David Bernhardt, of Virginia, to be Secretary of the Interior, vice Ryan Zinke.
confirmed Apr 11, 2019 · 56–41
Mark T. Esper, of Virginia, to be Secretary of Defense, vice James Mattis, resigned.
confirmed Jul 23, 2019 · 90–8
Kelly Craft, of Kentucky, to be the Representative of the United States of America to the United Nations, with the rank and status of Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, and the Representative of the United States of America in the Security Council of the United Nations.
confirmed Jul 31, 2019 · 56–34
Eugene Scalia, of Virginia, to be Secretary of Labor, vice R. Alexander Acosta, resigned.
confirmed Sep 26, 2019 · 53–44
Dan R. Brouillette, of Texas, to be Secretary of Energy, vice James Richard Perry, resigning.
confirmed Dec 2, 2019 · 70–15
Jovita Carranza, of Illinois, to be Administrator of the Small Business Administration, vice Linda E. McMahon.
confirmed Jan 7, 2020 · 88–5
John L. Ratcliffe, of Texas, to be Director of National Intelligence, vice Daniel Coats, resigned.
confirmed May 21, 2020 · 49–44
Russell Vought, of Virginia, to be Director of the Office of Management and Budget, vice Mick Mulvaney.
confirmed Jul 20, 2020 · 51–45
Amy Coney Barrett, of Indiana, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, vice Ruth Bader Ginsburg, deceased.
confirmed Oct 26, 2020 · 52–48
Avril Danica Haines, of New York, to be Director of National Intelligence.
confirmed Jan 20, 2021 · 84–10
Lloyd James Austin, of Georgia, to be Secretary of Defense.
confirmed Jan 22, 2021 · 93–2
Janet Louise Yellen, of California, to be Secretary of the Treasury.
confirmed Jan 25, 2021 · 84–15
Antony John Blinken, of New York, to be Secretary of State.
confirmed Jan 26, 2021 · 78–22
Peter Paul Montgomery Buttigieg, of Indiana, to be Secretary of Transportation.
confirmed Feb 2, 2021 · 86–13
Alejandro Nicholas Mayorkas, of the District of Columbia, to be Secretary of Homeland Security.
confirmed Feb 2, 2021 · 56–43
Denis Richard McDonough, of Maryland, to be Secretary of Veterans Affairs.
confirmed Feb 8, 2021 · 87–7
Thomas J. Vilsack, of Iowa, to be Secretary of Agriculture.
confirmed Feb 23, 2021 · 92–7
Linda Thomas-Greenfield, of Louisiana, to be the Representative of the United States of America to the United Nations, with the rank and status of the Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, and the Representative of the United States of America in the Security Council of the United Nations.
confirmed Feb 23, 2021 · 78–20
Jennifer Mulhern Granholm, of Michigan, to be Secretary of Energy.
confirmed Feb 25, 2021 · 64–35
Miguel A. Cardona, of Connecticut, to be Secretary of Education.
confirmed Mar 1, 2021 · 64–33
Gina Marie Raimondo, of Rhode Island, to be Secretary of Commerce.
confirmed Mar 2, 2021 · 84–15
Merrick Brian Garland, of Maryland, to be Attorney General.
confirmed Mar 10, 2021 · 70–30
Michael Stanley Regan, of North Carolina, to be Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, vice Andrew Wheeler.
confirmed Mar 10, 2021 · 66–34
Marcia Louise Fudge, of Ohio, to be Secretary of Housing and Urban Development.
confirmed Mar 10, 2021 · 66–34
Debra Anne Haaland, of New Mexico, to be Secretary of the Interior.
confirmed Mar 15, 2021 · 51–40
Isabella Casillas Guzman, of California, to be Administrator of the Small Business Administration.
confirmed Mar 16, 2021 · 81–17
Katherine C. Tai, of the District of Columbia, to be United States Trade Representative, with the rank of Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary.
confirmed Mar 17, 2021 · 98–0
Xavier Becerra, of California, to be Secretary of Health and Human Services.
confirmed Mar 18, 2021 · 50–49
William Joseph Burns, of Maryland, to be Director of the Central Intelligence Agency, vice Gina Haspel.
confirmed Mar 18, 2021
Martin Joseph Walsh, of Massachusetts, to be Secretary of Labor.
confirmed Mar 22, 2021 · 68–29
Christopher P. Lu, of Virginia, to be Representative of the United States of America to the United Nations for U.N. Management and Reform, with the rank of Ambassador.
confirmed Dec 18, 2021
Shalanda D. Young, of Louisiana, to be Director of the Office of Management and Budget, vice Russell Vought.
confirmed Mar 15, 2022 · 61–36
Ketanji Brown Jackson, of the District of Columbia, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, vice Stephen G. Breyer, retiring.
confirmed Apr 7, 2022 · 53–47
Jerome H. Powell, of Maryland, to be Chairman of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System for a term of four years. (Reappointment)
confirmed May 12, 2022 · 80–19
Marco Rubio, of Florida, to be Secretary of State.
confirmed Jan 20, 2025 · 99–0
John Ratcliffe, of Texas, to be Director of the Central Intelligence Agency.
confirmed Jan 23, 2025 · 74–25
Peter Hegseth, of Tennessee, to be Secretary of Defense.
confirmed Jan 24, 2025 · 51–50
Kristi Noem, of South Dakota, to be Secretary of Homeland Security.
confirmed Jan 25, 2025 · 59–34
Scott Bessent, of South Carolina, to be Secretary of the Treasury.
confirmed Jan 27, 2025 · 68–29
Sean Duffy, of Wisconsin, to be Secretary of Transportation.
confirmed Jan 28, 2025 · 77–22
Lee Zeldin, of New York, to be Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency.
confirmed Jan 29, 2025 · 56–42
Douglas Burgum, of North Dakota, to be Secretary of the Interior.
confirmed Jan 30, 2025 · 80–17
Christopher Wright, of Colorado, to be Secretary of Energy.
confirmed Feb 3, 2025 · 59–38
Pamela Bondi, of Florida, to be Attorney General.
confirmed Feb 4, 2025 · 54–46
Douglas Collins, of Georgia, to be Secretary of Veterans Affairs.
confirmed Feb 4, 2025 · 77–23
Eric Turner, of Texas, to be Secretary of Housing and Urban Development.
confirmed Feb 5, 2025 · 55–44
Tulsi Gabbard, of Hawaii, to be Director of National Intelligence.
confirmed Feb 12, 2025 · 52–48
Brooke Rollins, of Texas, to be Secretary of Agriculture.
confirmed Feb 13, 2025 · 72–28
Robert F. Kennedy, Jr., of California, to be Secretary of Health and Human Services.
confirmed Feb 13, 2025 · 52–48
Howard Lutnick, of New York, to be Secretary of Commerce.
confirmed Feb 18, 2025 · 51–45
Kelly Loeffler, of Georgia, to be Administrator of the Small Business Administration.
confirmed Feb 19, 2025 · 52–46
Jamieson Greer, of Maryland, to be United States Trade Representative, with the rank of Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary.
confirmed Feb 26, 2025 · 56–43
Linda McMahon, of Connecticut, to be Secretary of Education.
confirmed Mar 3, 2025 · 51–45
Lori Chavez-DeRemer, of Oregon, to be Secretary of Labor.
confirmed Mar 10, 2025 · 67–32
Jeffrey Bartos, of Pennsylvania, to be Representative of the United States of America to the United Nations for U.N. Management and Reform, with the Rank of Ambassador, and to serve concurrently and without additional compensation as an Alternate Representative of the United States of America to the Sessions of the General Assembly of the United Nations.
confirmed Sep 18, 2025 · 51–47
Michael G. Waltz, of Florida, to be the Representative of the United States of America to the United Nations, with the Rank of Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, and the Representative of the United States of America in the Security Council of the United Nations.
confirmed Sep 19, 2025 · 47–43
Markwayne Mullin, of Oklahoma, to be Secretary of Homeland Security, vice Kristi Noem.
confirmed Mar 23, 2026 · 54–45
Kevin Warsh, of Florida, to be Chairman of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System for a term of four years, vice Jerome H. Powell, term expiring.
confirmed May 13, 2026 · 54–45
Walter Clayton, of New York, to be Director of National Intelligence, vice Tulsi Gabbard.
confirmed Jul 28, 2026 · 51–47
Todd Blanche, of Florida, to be Attorney General, vice Pamela Bondi.
confirmed Aug 8, 2026 · 50–49
Keith Sonderling, of Florida, to be Secretary of Labor, vice Lori Chavez-DeRemer, resigned.
confirmed Sep 30, 2026 · 47–41
Civilian nominations only (military promotions excluded). Top confirmations are cabinet-level posts, Supreme Court justices, and the Fed chair. Records start with the 97th Congress (1981).
executive/agenciesFederal agencies
+367−101Wikidata ↗
147 → 425 tracked organizations · 10 → 16 executive departments
National Military Establishment department
established Sep 18, 1947 · United States federal department which later became the Department of Defense
United States Department of Defense department
established Aug 10, 1949 · executive department of the United States federal government
United States Department of Health, Education, and Welfare department
established Apr 11, 1953 · defunct United States federal executive department
United States Department of Housing and Urban Development department
established Sep 9, 1965 · cabinet department in the Executive branch of the United States federal government
United States Department of Transportation department
established Oct 15, 1966 · U.S. federal executive department overseeing highways, railroads, aviation, transit, and other modes of transportation
United States Department of Energy department
established Aug 4, 1977 · cabinet-level department of the United States government
United States Department of Education department
established Oct 17, 1979 · U.S. federal government department concerning education
United States Department of Health and Human Services department
established May 4, 1980 · United States federal executive department
United States Department of Veterans Affairs department
established Mar 15, 1989 · department of the United States government
United States Department of Homeland Security department
established Nov 25, 2002 · United States federal executive department
Show 458 more
Council of Economic Advisers
established Jan 1, 1946 · U.S. presidential advisory committee on economic policy
Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service
established Jun 23, 1947 · independent agency of the United States government
Central Intelligence Agency
established Sep 18, 1947 · national foreign intelligence agency of the United States
General Services Administration
established Jul 1, 1949 · US government agency, formed 1949
National Science Foundation
established May 10, 1950 · United States government agency
Federal Renegotiation Board
established May 22, 1951 · former independent agency of the United States executive branch
Small Business Administration
established Jul 30, 1953 · United States government agency that supports entrepreneurs and small businesses
United States Information Agency
established Aug 1, 1953 · former United States government agency
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
established Jul 29, 1958 · American space and aeronautics agency
National Capital Transportation Agency
established Jul 14, 1960 · agency created in 1960 by President Dwight D. Eisenhower to comprehensively plan different modes of transportation in the Washington, D.C. area
Federal Maritime Commission
established Jan 1, 1961 · regulatory agency of the United States federal government
United States Agency for International Development
established Jan 1, 1961 · US government civilian foreign aid agency
Space Nuclear Propulsion Office
established Jan 1, 1961 · agency researching nuclear rockets
Arms Control and Disarmament Agency
established Sep 26, 1961 · independent agency
Administrative Conference of the United States
established Jan 1, 1964 · independent agency of the United States government dedicated to improving federal agency administrative processes and procedures
Appalachian Regional Commission
established Jan 1, 1965 · United States independent federal agency that works for sustainable community and economic development in Appalachia
Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
established Jan 1, 1965 · American government agency
National Endowment for the Arts
established Jan 1, 1965 · independent agency of the United States federal government
National Endowment for the Humanities
established Sep 29, 1965 · independent federal agency of the United States government
Advisory Council on Historic Preservation
established Jan 1, 1966 · United States federal agency that encourages the preservation of historic properties across the nation
National Transportation Safety Board
established Apr 1, 1967 · United States government investigative agency for civil transportation accidents
Postal Regulatory Commission
established Jan 1, 1970 · US regulatory agency
National Commission on Libraries and Information Science
established Jan 1, 1970 · U.S. government agency
National Credit Union Administration
established Mar 10, 1970 · independent federal agency of United States
United States Environmental Protection Agency
established Dec 2, 1970 · U.S. federal government agency
Overseas Private Investment Corporation
established Jan 1, 1971 · government agency of the United States of America
United States Postal Service
established Jul 1, 1971 · independent agency of the U.S. federal government responsible for providing postal service
Inter-American Foundation
established Jan 1, 1972 · independent agency of the United States government that funds community-led development in Latin America and the Caribbean.
Marine Mammal Commission
established Jan 1, 1972 · government organization in Bethesda, United States
United States Consumer Product Safety Commission
established Jan 1, 1972 · United States government agency
United States Access Board
established Jan 1, 1973 · United States government agency devoted to accessibility for people with disabilities
Energy Research and Development Administration
established Oct 11, 1974 · predecessor to the United States Department of Energy
Federal Election Commission
established Oct 15, 1974 · United States independent regulatory agency that regulates federal elections
Office of Navajo and Hopi Indian Relocation
established Dec 22, 1974 · US government independent agency
Nuclear Regulatory Commission
established Jan 19, 1975 · government agency of the United States
United States Commodity Futures Trading Commission
established Apr 15, 1975 · government agency
Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe
established Jan 1, 1976 · independent agency of the United States government
Federal Mine Safety and Health Review Commission
established Jan 1, 1977 · independent Federal government agency in the USA
Federal Energy Regulatory Commission
established Oct 1, 1977 · independent agency of the United States federal government
Federal Labor Relations Authority
established Jan 1, 1978 · U.S. government agency
United States Merit Systems Protection Board
established Jan 1, 1979 · United States agency
United States Office of Special Counsel
established Jan 1, 1979 · Independent investigative and prosecutorial body of the United States federal government.
United States African Development Foundation
established Jan 1, 1980 · independent agency of the United States that provides grants to community groups and small enterprises that benefit under-served and marginalized groups in Africa
United States Arctic Research Commission
established Jan 1, 1984 · United States independent federal agency that develops and recommends a national Arctic research policy
United States Sentencing Commission
established Jan 1, 1984 · independent agency of the U.S. federal judiciary which determines sentencing guidelines
Barry M. Goldwater Scholarship
established Jan 1, 1986 · American merit-based scholarship awarded to prospective scientists
Federal Retirement Thrift Investment Board
established Jan 1, 1986 · Independent agency of the US government
James Madison Memorial Fellowship Foundation
established Jan 1, 1986 · foundation established by United States Congress in 1986
United States Interagency Council on Homelessness
established Jan 1, 1987 · U.S. independent federal agency
Christopher Columbus Fellowship Foundation
established Jan 1, 1992 · nonprofit organization in Arlington, United States
Morris K. Udall and Stewart L. Udall Foundation
established Jan 1, 1992 · Memorial U.S. indepedent executive branch
United States Trade and Development Agency
established Jan 1, 1992 · government agency
AmeriCorps
established Jan 1, 1993 · independent agency of the United States federal government
AmeriCorps Seniors
established Jan 1, 1993 · United States federal network of volunteer programs for Americans 55 years and older
Surface Transportation Board
established Jan 1, 1996 · independent agency of the United States federal government
Institute of Museum and Library Services
established Oct 1, 1996 · independent agency of the United States government, supporting libraries and museums
Denali Commission
established Jan 1, 1998 · independent agency of the United States government
U.S. Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board
established Jan 1, 1998 · independent U.S. federal agency charged with investigating industrial chemical accidents
U.S. Agency for Global Media
established Oct 1, 1999 · independent agency of the United States government that broadcasts news and information about the United States and the world to audiences abroad
Dwight D. Eisenhower Memorial Commission
established Oct 25, 1999
Delta Regional Authority
established Jan 1, 2000 · agency of the United States federal government
United States–China Economic and Security Review Commission
established Oct 1, 2000 · independent agency of the United States government
Election Assistance Commission
established Jan 1, 2002 · independent agency of the United States government
Millennium Challenge Corporation
established Jan 1, 2004 · government agency
Office of the Federal Coordinator, Alaska Natural Gas Transportation Projects
established Oct 13, 2004
Federal Housing Finance Agency
established Jan 1, 2008 · U.S. federal agency
Consumer Financial Protection Bureau
established Jul 21, 2011 · agency of the United States government responsible for consumer protection in the financial sector
National Commission on Military, National, and Public Service
established Sep 19, 2017
United States International Development Finance Corporation
established Dec 20, 2019 · an executive agency of the US federal government responsible for providing foreign aid
United States National Security Council
established Jan 1, 1947 · U.S. federal executive national security and intelligence forum
Economic Stabilization Agency
established Jan 1, 1950 · American government agency
Office of the United States Trade Representative
established Jan 1, 1962 · United States government agency
Council on Environmental Quality
established Jan 1, 1969 · U.S. presidential advisory committee on environmental policy
Office of Management and Budget
established Jan 1, 1970 · agency that prepares and evaluates the President of the United States' annual budget to Congress
Office of Science and Technology Policy
established Jan 1, 1976 · department of the United States government, part of the Executive Office of the President
Office of Administration
established Dec 12, 1977 · U.S. federal organization within the Executive Office of the President
Office of National Drug Control Policy
established Oct 27, 1989 · United States government agency
United States Homeland Security Council
established Jan 1, 2001 · U.S. federal executive public safety, immigration and disaster relief forum
Homeland Security Advisory Council
established Mar 19, 2002 · part of the Executive Office of the President of the United States
United States Digital Service
established Aug 11, 2014 · former digital services department of the Executive Office of the President of the United States
Office of the National Cyber Director
established Jan 1, 2021 · US government agency on cybersecurity
Federal Occupational Health
established Jan 1, 1946 · department of the government of the United States
National Maritime Center
established Jan 1, 1946 · organization in Martinsburg, United States
Farmers Home Administration
established Jan 1, 1946 · U.S. federal agency with mission and programs involved in extending credit for agriculture and rural development
United States Atomic Energy Commission
established Aug 1, 1946 · former agency of the United States federal government
Ames National Laboratory
established Jan 1, 1947 · United States Department of Energy (DOE) national laboratory in Ames, Iowa
Foreign Service Institute
established Jan 1, 1947 · United States government diplomatic training program
Office of the Secretary of Defense
established Jan 1, 1947 · office in the U.S. Department of Defense with civilian executive staff
United States Department of the Army
established Jan 1, 1947 · military department within the Department of Defense
Defense Nuclear Agency
established Jan 1, 1947 · agency of the US Department of Defense
Policy Planning Staff
established May 5, 1947 · agency of the United States Department of State
Housing and Home Finance Agency
established Jul 24, 1947 · was responsible for the principal housing programs of the United States from 1947–1965
Public Housing Administration
established Jul 27, 1947 · former United States federal government agency
United States Air Force
established Sep 18, 1947 · air service branch of the United States Armed Forces
United States Department of the Air Force
established Sep 18, 1947 · military department for the United States Air Force and the United States Space Force
Bureau of International Labor Affairs
established Oct 10, 1947 · U.S. Labor Department's division for international affairs
U.S. Air Force Office of Special Investigations
established Jan 1, 1948 · US federal law enforcement agency that reports directly to the Secretary of the Air Force
Economic Cooperation Administration
established Jan 1, 1948 · former United States government agency
Sandia National Laboratories
established Jan 1, 1949 · United States national laboratory in Albuquerque, New Mexico
Armed Forces Security Agency
established Dec 25, 1949 · security agency of the United States from 1949 to 1952
Office of Foreign Assets Control
established Jan 1, 1950 · agency of the United States Department of the Treasury
United States Federal Maritime Board
established Jan 1, 1950 · United States government agency
United States Maritime Administration
established Jan 1, 1950 · agency within the U.S. Department of Transportation
Defense Manpower Administration
established Sep 9, 1950 · American government agency
Federal Safety Council
established Dec 19, 1950 · American federal advisory group, 1950–1971
Emergency Management Institute
established Jan 1, 1951 · educational training provider with the Federal Emergency Management Agency
Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory
established Jan 1, 1951 · national laboratory for plasma physics and nuclear fusion science at Princeton, New Jersey
Savannah River National Laboratory
established Jan 1, 1951 · US Department of Energy lab
National Security Agency
established Nov 4, 1952 · signals intelligence organization of the United States
Office of the Assistant Secretary for Health
established Jan 1, 1953 · component of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
Agency start and end dates come from Wikidata, which covers smaller bureaus unevenly.
executive/regulationsFederal regulations
+119,835Federal Register API ↗
119,835 final rules published in the Federal Register
from Jan 1, 1994
9,497 of them flagged "significant" under EO 12866
major economic or policy impact
76,891 proposed rules · 767,703 notices
Loading which agencies published the most rules…
Final rules carry the force of law. Rescissions count as rules too, so this measures regulatory activity, not net growth.

Military4 files+41−27

military/conflictsArmed conflicts
+34−27UCDP/PRIO Armed Conflict Dataset ↗
U.S. in 0 armed conflicts → 7
Iraq: insurgency and war against IS
began Aug 8, 2014 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against IS
Somalia: al-Shabaab
began 2015 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against Al-Shabaab
Iran–Israel conflict
began 2020 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against Israel
Red Sea: the Houthis (Yemen)
began Feb 3, 2024 · U.S. a principal party · against Ansarallah (the Houthis)
Syria: Islamic State
began 2025 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against IS
Nigeria: Islamic State
began 2025 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against IS
Somalia: Islamic State
began Feb 1, 2025 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against IS
27 conflicts began and ended in between
Korean War
Jun 27, 1950 – Jul 27, 1953 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against South Korea
Puerto Rican Nationalist uprising
Oct 30, 1950 – Nov 1, 1950 · U.S. a principal party · against Puerto Rican Nationalist Party
Taiwan Strait crisis
Dec 31, 1954 – Dec 31, 1954 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against Taiwan
Taiwan Strait crisis
Dec 31, 1958 – Dec 31, 1958 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against Taiwan
Bay of Pigs invasion
Apr 17, 1961 – Apr 20, 1961 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against Cuban Revolutionary Council
Vietnam: South Vietnam vs. the Viet Cong
1962 – Dec 31, 1964 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against FNL
Laotian Civil War
Dec 31, 1963 – Sep 14, 1973 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against Pathet Lao
Vietnam War
Dec 31, 1965 – Mar 29, 1973 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against North Vietnam
Cambodian Civil War
1970 – 1973 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against KR
Lebanese Civil War (Multinational Force)
1983 – 1984 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against Amal, NSF
Invasion of Grenada
Oct 25, 1983 – Oct 27, 1983 · U.S. a principal party · against Grenada
Invasion of Panama
Dec 23, 1989 – Dec 23, 1989 · U.S. a principal party · against Panama
Gulf War
Jan 17, 1991 – Mar 1, 1991 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against Kuwait
Kosovo War
Mar 24, 1999 – Nov 21, 1999 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against UCK
War against al-Qaida
Sep 11, 2001 – Dec 4, 2017 · U.S. a principal party · against al-Qaida
Invasion of Afghanistan
Oct 7, 2001 – Nov 13, 2001 · U.S. a principal party · against Afghanistan
War in Afghanistan (Taliban insurgency)
2003 – Aug 30, 2021 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against the Taliban
Invasion of Iraq
Mar 23, 2003 – Apr 28, 2003 · U.S. a principal party · against Iraq
Iraq: insurgency and war against IS
Jan 18, 2004 – Dec 18, 2011 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against Ansar al-Islam, IS
Yemen: Houthis and AQAP
2009 – 2014 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against Ansarallah, AQAP
Afghanistan: Islamic State
Mar 3, 2015 – Aug 30, 2021 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against IS
Libya: Islamic State
2016 – Sep 29, 2019 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against IS
Niger: Islamic State
2017 – 2022 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against IS
Kenya: al-Shabaab
2019 – 2021 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against Al-Shabaab
Somalia: Islamic State
Jun 4, 2019 – Dec 19, 2021 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against IS
War against al-Qaida
Jul 31, 2019 – Sep 7, 2019 · U.S. a principal party · against al-Qaida
Niger: JNIM
Dec 9, 2021 – 2022 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against JNIM
An armed conflict here means at least 25 battle deaths in a year, with U.S. forces as a party or fighting for a government (UCDP's definition). Air strikes, raids, and advisory missions below that threshold aren't included. UN peacekeeping missions are excluded. UCDP data runs through 2025, so "active" on later dates means active at the end of 2025.
military/troopsU.S. troops abroad
163,773 abroadDMDC via troopdata (Allen, Flynn & Martinez Machain) ↗
163,773 active-duty troops stationed abroad as of Mar 31, 2026
Troop records begin in 1950, after the first date.
Japan 54,891
Germany 37,009
South Korea 23,372
Italy 12,783
United Kingdom 10,158
Guam 7,137
Spain 3,835
Bahrain 3,151
Active-duty personnel assigned to each country in the Defense Department's location reports, which leave out most combat deployments, forces afloat, and short rotations: Iraq, Syria, and Afghanistan during their wars are press or Pentagon estimates, and Iraq and Syria read zero after 2023 although a few thousand troops remained. Each date shows the latest report on or before it.
military/spendingCost of war
$1.78T war fundingDoD Cost of War reports · CRS ↗
$1.78T spent on named war operations, fiscal years 2001–2024 · Defense Department obligations
Afghanistan $895B
Enduring Freedom → Freedom's Sentinel → Enduring Sentinel · FY2001–FY2024
Iraq & Syria $805B
Iraqi Freedom → New Dawn → Inherent Resolve · FY2001–FY2024
Ukraine $79.1B
U.S. support operations · FY2022–FY2024
Lifetime cost of wars fought in this window · constant FY2011 dollars (CRS)
Korean War $341B
4.2% of GDP in its peak year · 1950–1953
Vietnam War $738B
2.3% of GDP in its peak year · 1965–1975
Gulf War $102B
0.3% of GDP in its peak year · 1990–1991
War in Afghanistan (Taliban insurgency) $321B
0.7% of GDP in its peak year · 2001–2021
Iraq War $784B
1% of GDP in its peak year · 2003–2011
Operation spending is what the Defense Department obligated to each named operation in each fiscal year, from its Cost of War reports; it excludes State Department and USAID programs, veterans' care, interest, and base budgets. Lifetime costs are the Congressional Research Service's estimates of direct military spending for each war, in FY2011 dollars.
military/authorizationsDeclarations of war & authorizations
+7Senate Historical Office ↗
Gulf of Tonkin Resolution
Aug 10, 1964 · Authorized military force in Southeast Asia (Pub. L. 88-408).
Gulf of Tonkin Resolution repealed
Jan 12, 1971 · Repealed by Pub. L. 91-672.
War Powers Resolution
Nov 7, 1973 · Congress overrode a veto to require the President to notify Congress of deployments and end them within 60 days without authorization.
Multinational Force in Lebanon Resolution
Oct 12, 1983 · Authorized U.S. participation in the Multinational Force in Lebanon (Pub. L. 98-119).
Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Iraq
Jan 14, 1991 · Authorized the Gulf War (Pub. L. 102-1).
Authorization for Use of Military Force (2001)
Sep 18, 2001 · Authorized force against those responsible for the September 11 attacks (Pub. L. 107-40).
Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Iraq (2002)
Oct 16, 2002 · Authorized the Iraq War (Pub. L. 107-243).

Legislative4 files+13,392−527

legislative/controlControl of Congress
22 changesHouse History / Senate Historical Office ↗
Top: House · Bottom: Senate DemocraticRepublican
79th Congress → 119th Congress · 40 new Congresses elected
22 changes of chamber control along the way
House: Democrat majority
241 D · 190 R
House: Republican majority
219 R · 214 D
Senate: Democrat majority
55 D · 38 R
Senate: Republican majority
53 R · 47 D
legislative/senateSenate
+100−94congress-legislators ↗
Nov 13, 1945 · 55 D · 38 R · 1 P
John Hollis Bankhead II (Democrat, AL)Joseph Lister Hill (Democrat, AL)John Little McClellan (Democrat, AR)James William Fulbright (Democrat, AR)Ernest William McFarland (Democrat, AZ)Carl Trumbull Hayden (Democrat, AZ)Sheridan Downey (Democrat, CA)Edwin Carl Johnson (Democrat, CO)Brien McMahon (Democrat, CT)James Miller Tunnell (Democrat, DE)Charles Oscar Andrews (Democrat, FL)Claude Denson Pepper (Democrat, FL)Richard Brevard Russell Jr. (Democrat, GA)Walter Franklin George (Democrat, GA)Glen Hearst Taylor (Democrat, ID)Scott Wike Lucas (Democrat, IL)Alben William Barkley (Democrat, KY)Allen Joseph Ellender (Democrat, LA)John Holmes Overton (Democrat, LA)David Ignatius Walsh (Democrat, MA)George Lovic Pierce Radcliffe (Democrat, MD)Millard Evelyn Tydings (Democrat, MD)Frank Parks Briggs (Democrat, MO)Theodore Gilmore Bilbo (Democrat, MS)James Oliver Eastland (Democrat, MS)Burton Kendall Wheeler (Democrat, MT)James Edward Murray (Democrat, MT)Josiah William Bailey (Democrat, NC)Clyde Roark Hoey (Democrat, NC)Dennis Chavez (Democrat, NM)Carl Atwood Hatch (Democrat, NM)Patrick Anthony McCarran (Democrat, NV)Edward Peter Carville (Democrat, NV)James Michael Mead (Democrat, NY)Robert Ferdinand Wagner (Democrat, NY)James Wylie Huffman (Democrat, OH)John William Elmer Thomas (Democrat, OK)Joseph F. Guffey (Democrat, PA)Francis John Myers (Democrat, PA)Peter Goelet Gerry (Democrat, RI)Theodore Francis Green (Democrat, RI)Burnet Rhett Maybank (Democrat, SC)Olin DeWitt Talmadge Johnston (Democrat, SC)Kenneth Douglas McKellar (Democrat, TN)Arthur Thomas Stewart (Democrat, TN)Thomas Terry Connally (Democrat, TX)Wilbert Lee O’Daniel (Democrat, TX)Orrice Abram Murdock Jr. (Democrat, UT)Elbert Duncan Thomas (Democrat, UT)Harry Flood Byrd (Democrat, VA)Carter Glass (Democrat, VA)Warren Grant Magnuson (Democrat, WA)Hugh Burnton Mitchell (Democrat, WA)Harley Martin Kilgore (Democrat, WV)Joseph Christopher O’Mahoney (Democrat, WY)Robert Marion La Follette Jr. (Progressive, WI)William Fife Knowland (Republican, CA)Eugene Donald Millikin (Republican, CO)Thomas Charles Hart (Republican, CT)Clayton Douglass Buck (Republican, DE)George Allison Wilson (Republican, IA)Bourke Blakemore Hickenlooper (Republican, IA)Charles Wayland Brooks (Republican, IL)Raymond Eugene Willis (Republican, IN)Homer Earl Capehart (Republican, IN)Arthur Capper (Republican, KS)Clyde Martin Reed (Republican, KS)Leverett Saltonstall (Republican, MA)Ralph Owen Brewster (Republican, ME)Wallace Humphrey White Jr. (Republican, ME)Arthur Hendrick Vandenberg (Republican, MI)Homer Samuel Ferguson (Republican, MI)Henrik Shipstead (Republican, MN)Joseph Hurst Ball (Republican, MN)Forrest C. Donnell (Republican, MO)William Langer (Republican, ND)Milton Ruben Young (Republican, ND)Hugh Alfred Butler (Republican, NE)Kenneth Spicer Wherry (Republican, NE)Henry Styles Bridges (Republican, NH)Charles William Tobey (Republican, NH)Albert Wahl Hawkes (Republican, NJ)Howard Alexander Smith (Republican, NJ)Robert Alphonso Taft (Republican, OH)Edward Hall Moore (Republican, OK)Guy Cordon (Republican, OR)Wayne Lyman Morse (Republican, OR)Harlan John Bushfield (Republican, SD)John Chandler Gurney (Republican, SD)Warren Robinson Austin (Republican, VT)George David Aiken (Republican, VT)Alexander Wiley (Republican, WI)William Chapman Revercomb (Republican, WV)Edward Vivian Robertson (Republican, WY)
Oct 16, 2026 · 53 R · 45 D · 2 I
Mark Kelly (Democrat, AZ)Ruben Gallego (Democrat, AZ)Alex Padilla (Democrat, CA)Adam B. Schiff (Democrat, CA)John W. Hickenlooper (Democrat, CO)Michael F. Bennet (Democrat, CO)Richard Blumenthal (Democrat, CT)Christopher Murphy (Democrat, CT)Christopher A. Coons (Democrat, DE)Lisa Blunt Rochester (Democrat, DE)Jon Ossoff (Democrat, GA)Raphael G. Warnock (Democrat, GA)Brian Schatz (Democrat, HI)Mazie K. Hirono (Democrat, HI)Richard J. Durbin (Democrat, IL)Tammy Duckworth (Democrat, IL)Edward J. Markey (Democrat, MA)Elizabeth Warren (Democrat, MA)Chris Van Hollen (Democrat, MD)Angela D. Alsobrooks (Democrat, MD)Gary C. Peters (Democrat, MI)Elissa Slotkin (Democrat, MI)Tina Smith (Democrat, MN)Amy Klobuchar (Democrat, MN)Jeanne Shaheen (Democrat, NH)Margaret Wood Hassan (Democrat, NH)Cory A. Booker (Democrat, NJ)Andy Kim (Democrat, NJ)Ben Ray Luján (Democrat, NM)Martin Heinrich (Democrat, NM)Catherine Cortez Masto (Democrat, NV)Jacky Rosen (Democrat, NV)Charles E. Schumer (Democrat, NY)Kirsten E. Gillibrand (Democrat, NY)Jeff Merkley (Democrat, OR)Ron Wyden (Democrat, OR)John Fetterman (Democrat, PA)Jack Reed (Democrat, RI)Sheldon Whitehouse (Democrat, RI)Mark R. Warner (Democrat, VA)Tim Kaine (Democrat, VA)Peter Welch (Democrat, VT)Patty Murray (Democrat, WA)Maria Cantwell (Democrat, WA)Tammy Baldwin (Democrat, WI)Angus S. King, Jr. (Independent, ME)Bernard Sanders (Independent, VT)Dan Sullivan (Republican, AK)Lisa Murkowski (Republican, AK)Tommy Tuberville (Republican, AL)Katie Boyd Britt (Republican, AL)Tom Cotton (Republican, AR)John Boozman (Republican, AR)Rick Scott (Republican, FL)Ashley Moody (Republican, FL)Joni Ernst (Republican, IA)Chuck Grassley (Republican, IA)James E. Risch (Republican, ID)Mike Crapo (Republican, ID)Todd Young (Republican, IN)Jim Banks (Republican, IN)Roger Marshall (Republican, KS)Jerry Moran (Republican, KS)Mitch McConnell (Republican, KY)Rand Paul (Republican, KY)Bill Cassidy (Republican, LA)John Kennedy (Republican, LA)Susan M. Collins (Republican, ME)Eric Schmitt (Republican, MO)Josh Hawley (Republican, MO)Cindy Hyde-Smith (Republican, MS)Roger F. Wicker (Republican, MS)Steve Daines (Republican, MT)Tim Sheehy (Republican, MT)Thom Tillis (Republican, NC)Ted Budd (Republican, NC)John Hoeven (Republican, ND)Kevin Cramer (Republican, ND)Pete Ricketts (Republican, NE)Deb Fischer (Republican, NE)Bernie Moreno (Republican, OH)Jon Husted (Republican, OH)James Lankford (Republican, OK)Alan Armstrong (Republican, OK)David McCormick (Republican, PA)Tim Scott (Republican, SC)Darline Graham (Republican, SC)Mike Rounds (Republican, SD)John Thune (Republican, SD)Bill Hagerty (Republican, TN)Marsha Blackburn (Republican, TN)John Cornyn (Republican, TX)Ted Cruz (Republican, TX)Mike Lee (Republican, UT)John R. Curtis (Republican, UT)Ron Johnson (Republican, WI)Shelley Moore Capito (Republican, WV)James C. Justice (Republican, WV)Cynthia M. Lummis (Republican, WY)John Barrasso (Republican, WY)
100 new members · 94 departed · 0 served on both dates · women 0 → 27 · median age 60 → 66
50 seats changed party
Wilbert Lee O’Daniel D
Texas seat
John Cornyn R
Texas seat
Charles Wayland Brooks R
Illinois seat
Richard J. Durbin D
Illinois seat
Guy Cordon R
Oregon seat
Jeff Merkley D
Oregon seat
Henry Styles Bridges R
New Hampshire seat
Jeanne Shaheen D
New Hampshire seat
Show 46 more seat flips
Clayton Douglass Buck R
Delaware seat
Christopher A. Coons D
Delaware seat
Allen Joseph Ellender D
Louisiana seat
Bill Cassidy R
Louisiana seat
Leverett Saltonstall R
Massachusetts seat
Edward J. Markey D
Massachusetts seat
Homer Samuel Ferguson R
Michigan seat
Gary C. Peters D
Michigan seat
John Little McClellan D
Arkansas seat
Tom Cotton R
Arkansas seat
James Edward Murray D
Montana seat
Steve Daines R
Montana seat
Albert Wahl Hawkes R
New Jersey seat
Cory A. Booker D
New Jersey seat
Josiah William Bailey D
North Carolina seat
Thom Tillis R
North Carolina seat
Joseph Hurst Ball R
Minnesota seat
Tina Smith D
Minnesota seat
James Oliver Eastland D
Mississippi seat
Cindy Hyde-Smith R
Mississippi seat
John Hollis Bankhead II D
Alabama seat
Tommy Tuberville R
Alabama seat
Arthur Thomas Stewart D
Tennessee seat
Bill Hagerty R
Tennessee seat
Eugene Donald Millikin R
Colorado seat
Michael F. Bennet D
Colorado seat
James William Fulbright D
Arkansas seat
John Boozman R
Arkansas seat
Glen Hearst Taylor D
Idaho seat
Mike Crapo R
Idaho seat
John William Elmer Thomas D
Oklahoma seat
James Lankford R
Oklahoma seat
Elbert Duncan Thomas D
Utah seat
Mike Lee R
Utah seat
Alben William Barkley D
Kentucky seat
Rand Paul R
Kentucky seat
Olin DeWitt Talmadge Johnston D
South Carolina seat
Tim Scott R
South Carolina seat
George David Aiken R
Vermont seat
Peter Welch D
Vermont seat
Wayne Lyman Morse R
Oregon seat
Ron Wyden D
Oregon seat
John Holmes Overton D
Louisiana seat
John Kennedy R
Louisiana seat
Charles William Tobey R
New Hampshire seat
Margaret Wood Hassan D
New Hampshire seat
Clyde Roark Hoey D
North Carolina seat
Ted Budd R
North Carolina seat
Joseph Lister Hill D
Alabama seat
Katie Boyd Britt R
Alabama seat
Henrik Shipstead R
Minnesota seat
Amy Klobuchar D
Minnesota seat
Warren Robinson Austin R
Vermont seat
Bernard Sanders I
Vermont seat
Joseph Christopher O’Mahoney D
Wyoming seat
John Barrasso R
Wyoming seat
Theodore Gilmore Bilbo D
Mississippi seat
Roger F. Wicker R
Mississippi seat
Robert Marion La Follette Jr. P
Wisconsin seat
Tammy Baldwin D
Wisconsin seat
Kenneth Douglas McKellar D
Tennessee seat
Marsha Blackburn R
Tennessee seat
Thomas Charles Hart R
Connecticut seat
Christopher Murphy D
Connecticut seat
William Fife Knowland R
California seat
Adam B. Schiff D
California seat
Ralph Owen Brewster R
Maine seat
Angus S. King, Jr. I
Maine seat
Thomas Terry Connally D
Texas seat
Ted Cruz R
Texas seat
Orrice Abram Murdock Jr. D
Utah seat
John R. Curtis R
Utah seat
Arthur Hendrick Vandenberg R
Michigan seat
Elissa Slotkin D
Michigan seat
Howard Alexander Smith R
New Jersey seat
Andy Kim D
New Jersey seat
Charles Oscar Andrews D
Florida seat
Rick Scott R
Florida seat
Frank Parks Briggs D
Missouri seat
Josh Hawley R
Missouri seat
Burton Kendall Wheeler D
Montana seat
Tim Sheehy R
Montana seat
James Wylie Huffman D
Ohio seat
Bernie Moreno R
Ohio seat
Joseph F. Guffey D
Pennsylvania seat
David McCormick R
Pennsylvania seat
Harley Martin Kilgore D
West Virginia seat
James C. Justice R
West Virginia seat
Claude Denson Pepper D
Florida seat
Ashley Moody R
Florida seat
Burnet Rhett Maybank D
South Carolina seat
Darline Graham R
South Carolina seat
Who joined and who left (100 in · 94 out)
Dan Sullivan R
Alaska
Lisa Murkowski R
Alaska
Tommy Tuberville R
Alabama
Katie Boyd Britt R
Alabama
Tom Cotton R
Arkansas
John Boozman R
Arkansas
Mark Kelly D
Arizona
Ruben Gallego D
Arizona
Alex Padilla D
California
Adam B. Schiff D
California
John W. Hickenlooper D
Colorado
Michael F. Bennet D
Colorado
Richard Blumenthal D
Connecticut
Christopher Murphy D
Connecticut
Christopher A. Coons D
Delaware
Lisa Blunt Rochester D
Delaware
Rick Scott R
Florida
Ashley Moody R
Florida
Jon Ossoff D
Georgia
Raphael G. Warnock D
Georgia
Brian Schatz D
Hawaii
Mazie K. Hirono D
Hawaii
Joni Ernst R
Iowa
Chuck Grassley R
Iowa
James E. Risch R
Idaho
Mike Crapo R
Idaho
Richard J. Durbin D
Illinois
Tammy Duckworth D
Illinois
Todd Young R
Indiana
Jim Banks R
Indiana
Roger Marshall R
Kansas
Jerry Moran R
Kansas
Mitch McConnell R
Kentucky
Rand Paul R
Kentucky
Bill Cassidy R
Louisiana
John Kennedy R
Louisiana
Edward J. Markey D
Massachusetts
Elizabeth Warren D
Massachusetts
Chris Van Hollen D
Maryland
Angela D. Alsobrooks D
Maryland
Susan M. Collins R
Maine
Angus S. King, Jr. I
Maine
Gary C. Peters D
Michigan
Elissa Slotkin D
Michigan
Tina Smith D
Minnesota
Amy Klobuchar D
Minnesota
Eric Schmitt R
Missouri
Josh Hawley R
Missouri
Cindy Hyde-Smith R
Mississippi
Roger F. Wicker R
Mississippi
Steve Daines R
Montana
Tim Sheehy R
Montana
Thom Tillis R
North Carolina
Ted Budd R
North Carolina
John Hoeven R
North Dakota
Kevin Cramer R
North Dakota
Pete Ricketts R
Nebraska
Deb Fischer R
Nebraska
Jeanne Shaheen D
New Hampshire
Margaret Wood Hassan D
New Hampshire
Cory A. Booker D
New Jersey
Andy Kim D
New Jersey
Ben Ray Luján D
New Mexico
Martin Heinrich D
New Mexico
Catherine Cortez Masto D
Nevada
Jacky Rosen D
Nevada
Charles E. Schumer D
New York
Kirsten E. Gillibrand D
New York
Bernie Moreno R
Ohio
Jon Husted R
Ohio
James Lankford R
Oklahoma
Alan Armstrong R
Oklahoma
Jeff Merkley D
Oregon
Ron Wyden D
Oregon
John Fetterman D
Pennsylvania
David McCormick R
Pennsylvania
Jack Reed D
Rhode Island
Sheldon Whitehouse D
Rhode Island
Tim Scott R
South Carolina
Darline Graham R
South Carolina
Mike Rounds R
South Dakota
John Thune R
South Dakota
Bill Hagerty R
Tennessee
Marsha Blackburn R
Tennessee
John Cornyn R
Texas
Ted Cruz R
Texas
Mike Lee R
Utah
John R. Curtis R
Utah
Mark R. Warner D
Virginia
Tim Kaine D
Virginia
Peter Welch D
Vermont
Bernard Sanders I
Vermont
Patty Murray D
Washington
Maria Cantwell D
Washington
Ron Johnson R
Wisconsin
Tammy Baldwin D
Wisconsin
Shelley Moore Capito R
West Virginia
James C. Justice R
West Virginia
Cynthia M. Lummis R
Wyoming
John Barrasso R
Wyoming
John Hollis Bankhead II D
Alabama
Joseph Lister Hill D
Alabama
John Little McClellan D
Arkansas
James William Fulbright D
Arkansas
Ernest William McFarland D
Arizona
Carl Trumbull Hayden D
Arizona
Sheridan Downey D
California
William Fife Knowland R
California
Edwin Carl Johnson D
Colorado
Eugene Donald Millikin R
Colorado
Brien McMahon D
Connecticut
Thomas Charles Hart R
Connecticut
James Miller Tunnell D
Delaware
Clayton Douglass Buck R
Delaware
Charles Oscar Andrews D
Florida
Claude Denson Pepper D
Florida
Richard Brevard Russell Jr. D
Georgia
Walter Franklin George D
Georgia
George Allison Wilson R
Iowa
Bourke Blakemore Hickenlooper R
Iowa
Glen Hearst Taylor D
Idaho
Charles Wayland Brooks R
Illinois
Scott Wike Lucas D
Illinois
Raymond Eugene Willis R
Indiana
Homer Earl Capehart R
Indiana
Arthur Capper R
Kansas
Clyde Martin Reed R
Kansas
Alben William Barkley D
Kentucky
Allen Joseph Ellender D
Louisiana
John Holmes Overton D
Louisiana
David Ignatius Walsh D
Massachusetts
Leverett Saltonstall R
Massachusetts
George Lovic Pierce Radcliffe D
Maryland
Millard Evelyn Tydings D
Maryland
Ralph Owen Brewster R
Maine
Wallace Humphrey White Jr. R
Maine
Arthur Hendrick Vandenberg R
Michigan
Homer Samuel Ferguson R
Michigan
Henrik Shipstead R
Minnesota
Joseph Hurst Ball R
Minnesota
Forrest C. Donnell R
Missouri
Frank Parks Briggs D
Missouri
Theodore Gilmore Bilbo D
Mississippi
James Oliver Eastland D
Mississippi
Burton Kendall Wheeler D
Montana
James Edward Murray D
Montana
Josiah William Bailey D
North Carolina
Clyde Roark Hoey D
North Carolina
William Langer R
North Dakota
Milton Ruben Young R
North Dakota
Hugh Alfred Butler R
Nebraska
Kenneth Spicer Wherry R
Nebraska
Henry Styles Bridges R
New Hampshire
Charles William Tobey R
New Hampshire
Albert Wahl Hawkes R
New Jersey
Howard Alexander Smith R
New Jersey
Dennis Chavez D
New Mexico
Carl Atwood Hatch D
New Mexico
Patrick Anthony McCarran D
Nevada
Edward Peter Carville D
Nevada
James Michael Mead D
New York
Robert Ferdinand Wagner D
New York
Robert Alphonso Taft R
Ohio
James Wylie Huffman D
Ohio
Edward Hall Moore R
Oklahoma
John William Elmer Thomas D
Oklahoma
Guy Cordon R
Oregon
Wayne Lyman Morse R
Oregon
Joseph F. Guffey D
Pennsylvania
Francis John Myers D
Pennsylvania
Peter Goelet Gerry D
Rhode Island
Theodore Francis Green D
Rhode Island
Burnet Rhett Maybank D
South Carolina
Olin DeWitt Talmadge Johnston D
South Carolina
Harlan John Bushfield R
South Dakota
John Chandler Gurney R
South Dakota
Kenneth Douglas McKellar D
Tennessee
Arthur Thomas Stewart D
Tennessee
Thomas Terry Connally D
Texas
Wilbert Lee O’Daniel D
Texas
Orrice Abram Murdock Jr. D
Utah
Elbert Duncan Thomas D
Utah
Harry Flood Byrd D
Virginia
Carter Glass D
Virginia
Warren Robinson Austin R
Vermont
George David Aiken R
Vermont
Warren Grant Magnuson D
Washington
Hugh Burnton Mitchell D
Washington
Robert Marion La Follette Jr. P
Wisconsin
Alexander Wiley R
Wisconsin
Harley Martin Kilgore D
West Virginia
William Chapman Revercomb R
West Virginia
Joseph Christopher O’Mahoney D
Wyoming
Edward Vivian Robertson R
Wyoming
legislative/houseHouse
+433−433congress-legislators ↗
Nov 13, 1945 · 241 D · 190 R · 1 AL · 1 P
Edward Lewis Bartlett (Democrat, AK-AL)John Jackson Sparkman (Democrat, AL-8)Luther Patrick (Democrat, AL-9)Peterson Bryant Jarman (Democrat, AL-6)Carter Manasco (Democrat, AL-7)Samuel Francis Hobbs (Democrat, AL-4)Frank William Boykin (Democrat, AL-1)George McInvale Grant (Democrat, AL-2)Albert McKinley Rains (Democrat, AL-5)George William Andrews (Democrat, AL-3)William Fadjo Cravens (Democrat, AR-4)Lawrence Brooks Hays (Democrat, AR-5)William Frank Norrell (Democrat, AR-6)Oren Harris (Democrat, AR-7)James William Trimble (Democrat, AR-3)Ezekiel Candler Gathings (Democrat, AR-1)Wilbur Daigh Mills (Democrat, AR-2)Richard Fielding Harless (Democrat, AZ-AL)Ned Romeyn Healy (Democrat, CA-13)Edouard Victor Michel Izac (Democrat, CA-23)George Elmer Outland (Democrat, CA-11)Ellis Ellwood Patterson (Democrat, CA-16)John Harvey Tolan (Democrat, CA-7)Horace Jeremiah Voorhis (Democrat, CA-12)Alfred James Elliott (Democrat, CA-10)Clarence Frederick Lea (Democrat, CA-1)Helen Gahagan Douglas (Democrat, CA-14)Franck Roberts Havenner (Democrat, CA-4)Clair Engle (Democrat, CA-2)Clyde Gilman Doyle (Democrat, CA-18)Harry Richard Sheppard (Democrat, CA-21)Cecil Rhodes King (Democrat, CA-17)George Paul Miller (Democrat, CA-6)Chester Earl Holifield (Democrat, CA-19)James Patrick Geelan (Democrat, CT-3)Herman Paul Kopplemann (Democrat, CT-1)Joseph Francis Ryter (Democrat, CT-AL)Chase Going Woodhouse (Democrat, CT-2)Philip Andrew Traynor (Democrat, DE-AL)Arthur Patrick Cannon (Democrat, FL-4)Joseph Edward Hendricks (Democrat, FL-5)Emory Hilliard Price (Democrat, FL-2)James Hardin Peterson (Democrat, FL-1)Dwight Laing Rogers (Democrat, FL-6)Robert Lee Fulton Sikes (Democrat, FL-3)John Strickland Gibson (Democrat, GA-8)Helen Douglas Mankin (Democrat, GA-5)Hugh Peterson (Democrat, GA-1)Malcolm Connor Tarver (Democrat, GA-7)Stephen Pace (Democrat, GA-3)Edward Eugene Cox (Democrat, GA-2)John Stephens Wood (Democrat, GA-9)Albert Sidney Camp (Democrat, GA-4)Paul Brown (Democrat, GA-10)Carl Vinson (Democrat, GA-6)Compton Ignatius White (Democrat, ID-1)Emily Taft Douglas (Democrat, IL-AL)Edward Austin Kelly (Democrat, IL-3)William Walter Link (Democrat, IL-7)Alexander John Resa (Democrat, IL-9)William A. Rowan (Democrat, IL-2)Martin Gorski (Democrat, IL-4)Adolph Joachim Sabath (Democrat, IL-5)Thomas Sylvy Gordon (Democrat, IL-8)Thomas Joseph O’Brien (Democrat, IL-6)William Levi Dawson (Democrat, IL-1)Charles Melvin Price (Democrat, IL-22)Louis Leon Ludlow (Democrat, IN-11)Ray John Madden (Democrat, IN-1)Andrew Jackson May (Democrat, KY-7)Emmet O’Neal (Democrat, KY-3)Virgil Munday Chapman (Democrat, KY-6)Earle C Clements (Democrat, KY-2)Joseph Bengal Bates (Democrat, KY-8)Noble Jones Gregory (Democrat, KY-1)Brent Spence (Democrat, KY-5)Frank Leslie Chelf (Democrat, KY-4)Paul Herbert Maloney (Democrat, LA-2)Charles Edgar McKenzie (Democrat, LA-5)James Domengeaux (Democrat, LA-3)Asa Leonard Allen (Democrat, LA-8)Henry Dominique Larcade Jr. (Democrat, LA-7)Overton Brooks (Democrat, LA-4)James Hobson Morrison (Democrat, LA-6)Felix Edward Hébert (Democrat, LA-1)James Michael Curley (Democrat, MA-11)Thomas Joseph Lane (Democrat, MA-7)John William McCormack (Democrat, MA-12)Philip Joseph Philbin (Democrat, MA-3)Harry Streett Baldwin (Democrat, MD-2)Dudley George Roe (Democrat, MD-1)Thomas D’Alesandro Jr. (Democrat, MD-3)Lansdale Ghiselin Sasscer (Democrat, MD-5)George Hyde Fallon (Democrat, MD-4)Frank Eugene Hook (Democrat, MI-12)John Lesinski (Democrat, MI-16)George Gregory Sadowski (Democrat, MI-1)George Donoghue O’Brien (Democrat, MI-13)John David Dingell (Democrat, MI-15)Louis Charles Rabaut (Democrat, MI-14)William James Gallagher (Democrat, MN-3)Frank Thomas Starkey (Democrat, MN-4)John Joseph Cochran (Democrat, MO-13)Roger Caldwell Slaughter (Democrat, MO-5)Charles Jasper Bell (Democrat, MO-4)Orville Zimmerman (Democrat, MO-10)John Berchmans Sullivan (Democrat, MO-11)Albert Sidney Johnson Carnahan (Democrat, MO-8)Clarence Andrew Cannon (Democrat, MO-9)Daniel Rayford McGehee (Democrat, MS-7)William Madison Whittington (Democrat, MS-3)John Elliott Rankin (Democrat, MS-1)William Arthur Winstead (Democrat, MS-5)Thomas Gerstle Abernethy (Democrat, MS-4)William Meyers Colmer (Democrat, MS-6)Jamie Lloyd Whitten (Democrat, MS-2)James Francis O’Connor (Democrat, MT-2)Michael Joseph Mansfield (Democrat, MT-1)William Olin Burgin (Democrat, NC-8)Joseph Wilson Ervin (Democrat, NC-10)Zebulon Weaver (Democrat, NC-12)Jerome Bayard Clark (Democrat, NC-7)John Hamlin Folger (Democrat, NC-5)Alfred Lee Bulwinkle (Democrat, NC-11)Robert Lee Doughton (Democrat, NC-9)John Hosea Kerr (Democrat, NC-2)Graham Arthur Barden (Democrat, NC-3)Carl Thomas Durham (Democrat, NC-6)Herbert Covington Bonner (Democrat, NC-1)Harold Dunbar Cooley (Democrat, NC-4)Mary Teresa Norton (Democrat, NJ-13)Edward Joseph Hart (Democrat, NJ-14)Antonio Manuel Fernández (Democrat, NM-AL)Berkeley Lloyd Bunker (Democrat, NV-AL)William Bernard Barry (Democrat, NY-4)Samuel Dickstein (Democrat, NY-19)Peter Anthony Quinn (Democrat, NY-26)James A. Roe (Democrat, NY-5)George Frederick Rogers (Democrat, NY-40)James H. Torrens (Democrat, NY-21)John Joseph Delaney (Democrat, NY-7)Benjamin J. Rabin (Democrat, NY-24)Leo Frederick Rayfiel (Democrat, NY-14)Sol Bloom (Democrat, NY-20)Walter Aloysius Lynch (Democrat, NY-23)Joseph Lawrence Pfeifer (Democrat, NY-8)Andrew Lawrence Somers (Democrat, NY-10)William Thomas Byrne (Democrat, NY-32)James Joseph Heffernan (Democrat, NY-11)Donald Lawrence O’Toole (Democrat, NY-13)Charles Anthony Buckley (Democrat, NY-25)Eugene James Keogh (Democrat, NY-9)Adam Clayton Powell Jr. (Democrat, NY-22)Emanuel Celler (Democrat, NY-15)John James Rooney (Democrat, NY-12)James Joseph Delaney (Democrat, NY-6)Edward Joseph Gardner (Democrat, OH-3)William Richard Thom (Democrat, OH-16)Walter B. Huber (Democrat, OH-14)Robert Crosser (Democrat, OH-21)Michael Aloysius Feighan (Democrat, OH-20)Michael Joseph Kirwan (Democrat, OH-19)Lyle H. Boren (Democrat, OK-4)Jed Joseph Johnson (Democrat, OK-6)Paul Stewart (Democrat, OK-3)William Grady Stigler (Democrat, OK-2)Almer Stillwell Mike Monroney (Democrat, OK-5)Victor Eugene Wickersham (Democrat, OK-7)John William Murphy (Democrat, PA-10)Michael Joseph Bradley (Democrat, PA-3)Daniel Knabb Hoch (Democrat, PA-13)Herbert Joseph McGlinchey (Democrat, PA-6)John Edward Sheridan (Democrat, PA-4)Samuel Arthur Weiss (Democrat, PA-33)William Thomas Granahan (Democrat, PA-2)Herman Peter Eberharter (Democrat, PA-32)Augustine Bernard Kelley (Democrat, PA-27)William Joseph Green Jr. (Democrat, PA-5)Francis Eugene Walter (Democrat, PA-20)William Aloysius Barrett (Democrat, PA-1)Thomas Ellsworth Morgan (Democrat, PA-24)Daniel John Flood (Democrat, PA-11)Aime Joseph Forand (Democrat, RI-1)John Edward Fogarty (Democrat, RI-2)Butler Black Hare (Democrat, SC-3)Joseph Raleigh Bryson (Democrat, SC-4)James Prioleau Richards (Democrat, SC-5)John Jacob Riley (Democrat, SC-2)Lucius Mendel Rivers (Democrat, SC-1)John Lanneau McMillan (Democrat, SC-6)Harold Henderson Earthman (Democrat, TN-5)William Wirt Courtney (Democrat, TN-7)James Percy Priest (Democrat, TN-6)Jere Cooper (Democrat, TN-9)Carey Estes Kefauver (Democrat, TN-3)Clifford Davis (Democrat, TN-10)Albert Arnold Gore (Democrat, TN-4)Thomas Jefferson Murray (Democrat, TN-8)Luther Alexander Johnson (Democrat, TX-6)Fritz Garland Lanham (Democrat, TX-12)Sam Morris Russell (Democrat, TX-17)Hatton William Sumners (Democrat, TX-5)Joseph Jefferson Mansfield (Democrat, TX-9)Robert Ewing Thomason (Democrat, TX-16)Milton Horace West (Democrat, TX-15)Francis Eugene Worley (Democrat, TX-18)Jesse Martin Combs (Democrat, TX-2)Ed Lee Gossett (Democrat, TX-13)Thomas Augustus Pickett (Democrat, TX-7)John Emmett Lyle Jr. (Democrat, TX-14)Paul Joseph Kilday (Democrat, TX-20)Samuel Taliaferro Rayburn (Democrat, TX-4)Lyndon Baines Johnson (Democrat, TX-10)Lindley Garrison Beckworth Sr. (Democrat, TX-3)Albert Thomas (Democrat, TX-8)Ovie Clark Fisher (Democrat, TX-21)John William Wright Patman (Democrat, TX-1)George Herman Mahon (Democrat, TX-19)William Robert Poage (Democrat, TX-11)James William Robinson (Democrat, UT-2)Walter Keil Granger (Democrat, UT-1)Thomas Granville Burch (Democrat, VA-5)Absalom Willis Robertson (Democrat, VA-7)Ralph Hunter Daughton (Democrat, VA-2)Dave Edward Satterfield Jr. (Democrat, VA-3)Clifton Alexander Woodrum (Democrat, VA-6)Patrick Henry Drewry (Democrat, VA-4)John William Flannagan Jr. (Democrat, VA-9)Schuyler Otis Bland (Democrat, VA-1)Howard Worth Smith (Democrat, VA-8)John Main Coffee (Democrat, WA-6)Emerson Hugh De Lacy (Democrat, WA-1)Charles Raymon Savage (Democrat, WA-3)Henry Martin Jackson (Democrat, WA-2)Thaddeus Francis Boleslaw Wasielewski (Democrat, WI-4)Andrew John Biemiller (Democrat, WI-5)Erland Harold Hedrick (Democrat, WV-6)John Kee (Democrat, WV-5)Matthew Mansfield Neely (Democrat, WV-1)Cleveland Monroe Bailey (Democrat, WV-3)Jennings Randolph (Democrat, WV-2)Vito Anthony Marcantonio (American Labor, NY-18)Merlin Hull (Progressive, WI-9)Bertrand Wesley Gearhart (Republican, CA-9)Richard Joseph Welch (Republican, CA-5)John Zuinglius Anderson (Republican, CA-8)John Carl Williams Hinshaw (Republican, CA-20)Justin Leroy Johnson (Republican, CA-3)John Phillips (Republican, CA-22)Gordon Leo McDonough (Republican, CA-15)Dean Milton Gillespie (Republican, CO-1)Robert Fay Rockwell (Republican, CO-4)William Silas Hill (Republican, CO-2)John Edgar Chenoweth (Republican, CO-3)Clare Boothe Luce (Republican, CT-4)Joseph Edward Talbot (Republican, CT-5)Joseph Rider Farrington (Republican, HI-AL)John Williams Gwynne (Republican, IA-3)James Isaac Dolliver (Republican, IA-6)Thomas Ellsworth Martin (Republican, IA-1)Paul Harvey Cunningham (Republican, IA-5)Karl Miles Le Compte (Republican, IA-4)Henry Oscar Talle (Republican, IA-2)Charles Bernard Hoeven (Republican, IA-8)Benton Franklin Jensen (Republican, IA-7)James Vandaveer Heidinger (Republican, IL-24)Jessie Sumner (Republican, IL-18)George Evan Howell (Republican, IL-21)Anton Joseph Johnson (Republican, IL-14)Ralph Edwin Church (Republican, IL-10)Rolla Coral McMillen (Republican, IL-19)Cecil William Bishop (Republican, IL-25)Chauncey William Reed (Republican, IL-11)Sidney Elmer Simpson (Republican, IL-20)Charles Wesley Vursell (Republican, IL-23)Leo Elwood Allen (Republican, IL-13)Robert Bruce Chiperfield (Republican, IL-15)Noah Morgan Mason (Republican, IL-12)Everett McKinley Dirksen (Republican, IL-16)Leslie Cornelius Arends (Republican, IL-17)Charles Marion La Follette (Republican, IN-8)George W. Gillie (Republican, IN-4)Robert Allen Grant (Republican, IN-3)Forest Arthur Harness (Republican, IN-5)Noble Jacob Johnson (Republican, IN-6)Gerald Wayne Landis (Republican, IN-7)Raymond Smiley Springer (Republican, IN-10)Earl Wilson (Republican, IN-9)Charles Abraham Halleck (Republican, IN-2)Thomas Daniel Winter (Republican, KS-3)Albert McDonald Cole (Republican, KS-1)Clifford Ragsdale Hope (Republican, KS-5)Errett Power Scrivner (Republican, KS-2)Edward Herbert Rees (Republican, KS-4)Frank Carlson (Republican, KS-6)John Marshall Robsion (Republican, KY-9)Pehr Gustaf Holmes (Republican, MA-4)Charles Russell Clason (Republican, MA-2)Charles Laceille Gifford (Republican, MA-9)George Joseph Bates (Republican, MA-6)Christian Archibald Herter (Republican, MA-10)Angier Louis Goodwin (Republican, MA-8)John Walter Heselton (Republican, MA-1)Richard Bowditch Wigglesworth (Republican, MA-13)Edith Nourse Rogers (Republican, MA-5)Joseph William Martin Jr. (Republican, MA-14)James Glenn Beall (Republican, MD-6)Frank Fellows (Republican, ME-3)Robert Hale (Republican, ME-1)Margaret Chase Smith (Republican, ME-2)Frederick Van Ness Bradley (Republican, MI-11)Bartel John Jonkman (Republican, MI-5)Albert Joseph Engel (Republican, MI-9)Earl Cory Michener (Republican, MI-2)William Wallace Blackney (Republican, MI-6)Fred Lewis Crawford (Republican, MI-8)Roy Orchard Woodruff (Republican, MI-10)Paul Werntz Shafer (Republican, MI-3)George Anthony Dondero (Republican, MI-17)Jesse Paine Wolcott (Republican, MI-7)Clare Eugene Hoffman (Republican, MI-4)William Alvin Pittenger (Republican, MN-8)Harold Knutson (Republican, MN-6)Harold Christian Hagen (Republican, MN-9)August Herman Andresen (Republican, MN-1)Joseph Patrick O’Hara (Republican, MN-2)Herman Carl Andersen (Republican, MN-7)Walter Henry Judd (Republican, MN-5)Samuel Washington Arnold (Republican, MO-1)Marion Tinsley Bennett (Republican, MO-6)Walter Christian Ploeser (Republican, MO-12)Max Schwabe (Republican, MO-2)William Clay Cole (Republican, MO-3)Dewey Jackson Short (Republican, MO-7)Charles Raymond Robertson (Republican, ND-AL)Howard Homan Buffett (Republican, NE-2)Karl Stefan (Republican, NE-3)Arthur Lewis Miller (Republican, NE-4)Carl Thomas Curtis (Republican, NE-1)Sherman Adams (Republican, NH-2)Chester Earl Merrow (Republican, NH-1)David Lane Powers (Republican, NJ-4)Fred Allan Hartley Jr. (Republican, NJ-10)Frank Leander Sundstrom (Republican, NJ-11)John Parnell Thomas (Republican, NJ-7)Charles Aubrey Eaton (Republican, NJ-5)Harry Lancaster Towe (Republican, NJ-9)Thomas Millet Hand (Republican, NJ-2)Robert Winthrop Kean (Republican, NJ-12)Charles Anderson Wolverton (Republican, NJ-1)Gordon Canfield (Republican, NJ-8)James Coats Auchincloss (Republican, NJ-3)Clifford Philip Case (Republican, NJ-6)Joseph Clark Baldwin (Republican, NY-17)Augustus Witschief Bennet (Republican, NY-29)Clarence Eugene Hancock (Republican, NY-36)Edgar Allan Sharp (Republican, NY-1)Walter Gresham Andrews (Republican, NY-42)Ellsworth Brewer Buck (Republican, NY-16)Edward Julius Elsaesser (Republican, NY-43)Hadwen Carlton Fuller (Republican, NY-35)Jay Le Fevre (Republican, NY-30)James Wolcott Wadsworth Jr. (Republican, NY-41)John Cornelius Butler (Republican, NY-44)Edwin Arthur Hall (Republican, NY-37)Leonard Wood Hall (Republican, NY-2)Ralph Abernethy Gamble (Republican, NY-28)William Sterling Cole (Republican, NY-39)Ralph Waldo Gwinn (Republican, NY-27)Bernard William Kearney (Republican, NY-31)Henry Jepson Latham (Republican, NY-3)Daniel Alden Reed (Republican, NY-45)Dean Park Taylor (Republican, NY-33)John Taber (Republican, NY-38)Clarence Evans Kilburn (Republican, NY-34)Percy Wilfred Griffiths (Republican, OH-15)Robert Franklin Jones (Republican, OH-4)Earl Ramage Lewis (Republican, OH-18)Edward Oscar McCowen (Republican, OH-6)Homer Alonzo Ramey (Republican, OH-9)Frederick Cleveland Smith (Republican, OH-8)Walter Ellsworth Brehm (Republican, OH-11)Charles Henry Elston (Republican, OH-1)Alvin F. Weichel (Republican, OH-13)George Harrison Bender (Republican, OH-AL)Cliff Clevenger (Republican, OH-5)Thomas Albert Jenkins (Republican, OH-10)J. Harry McGregor (Republican, OH-17)John Martin Vorys (Republican, OH-12)William Emil Hess (Republican, OH-2)Clarence J. Brown (Republican, OH-7)Frances Payne Bolton (Republican, OH-22)Ross Rizley (Republican, OK-8)George Blaine Schwabe (Republican, OK-1)James Wheaton Mott (Republican, OR-1)Lowell Stockman (Republican, OR-2)Homer Daniel Angell (Republican, OR-3)Mathew Harris Ellsworth (Republican, OR-4)David Emmert Brumbaugh (Republican, PA-22)Howard Edmond Campbell (Republican, PA-29)Carl Henry Hoffman (Republican, PA-23)John Roland Kinzer (Republican, PA-9)Robert Lewis Rodgers (Republican, PA-28)James Wolfenden (Republican, PA-7)Charles Lewis Gerlach (Republican, PA-8)Chester Heilman Gross (Republican, PA-21)Harve Tibbott (Republican, PA-26)Robert Fleming Rich (Republican, PA-15)Wilson Darwin Gillette (Republican, PA-14)Louis Edward Graham (Republican, PA-25)Samuel Kerns McConnell Jr. (Republican, PA-16)Richard Murray Simpson (Republican, PA-17)Ivor David Fenton (Republican, PA-12)Leon Harry Gavin (Republican, PA-19)John Crain Kunkel (Republican, PA-18)Robert James Corbett (Republican, PA-30)James Grove Fulton (Republican, PA-31)Francis Higbee Case (Republican, SD-2)Karl Earl Mundt (Republican, SD-1)John Jennings Jr. (Republican, TN-2)Brazilla Carroll Reece (Republican, TN-1)Charles Albert Plumley (Republican, VT-AL)Otis Halbert Holmes (Republican, WA-4)Walter Franklin Horan (Republican, WA-5)Robert Kirkland Henry (Republican, WI-2)William Henry Stevenson (Republican, WI-3)Frank Bateman Keefe (Republican, WI-6)Reid Fred Murray (Republican, WI-7)Lawrence Henry Smith (Republican, WI-1)John William Byrnes (Republican, WI-8)Alvin Edward O’Konski (Republican, WI-10)Hubert Summers Ellis (Republican, WV-4)Frank Aloysius Barrett (Republican, WY-AL)
Oct 16, 2026 · 218 R · 214 D · 1 I
Terri A. Sewell (Democrat, AL-7)Shomari Figures (Democrat, AL-2)Greg Stanton (Democrat, AZ-4)Yassamin Ansari (Democrat, AZ-3)Adelita S. Grijalva (Democrat, AZ-7)Judy Chu (Democrat, CA-28)Jim Costa (Democrat, CA-21)John Garamendi (Democrat, CA-8)Zoe Lofgren (Democrat, CA-18)Doris O. Matsui (Democrat, CA-7)Nancy Pelosi (Democrat, CA-11)Brad Sherman (Democrat, CA-32)Linda T. Sánchez (Democrat, CA-38)Mike Thompson (Democrat, CA-4)Maxine Waters (Democrat, CA-43)Jared Huffman (Democrat, CA-2)Ami Bera (Democrat, CA-6)Julia Brownley (Democrat, CA-26)Raul Ruiz (Democrat, CA-25)Mark Takano (Democrat, CA-39)Juan Vargas (Democrat, CA-52)Scott H. Peters (Democrat, CA-50)Mark DeSaulnier (Democrat, CA-10)Pete Aguilar (Democrat, CA-33)Ted Lieu (Democrat, CA-36)Norma J. Torres (Democrat, CA-35)Ro Khanna (Democrat, CA-17)Jimmy Panetta (Democrat, CA-19)Salud O. Carbajal (Democrat, CA-24)Nanette Diaz Barragán (Democrat, CA-44)J. Luis Correa (Democrat, CA-46)Jimmy Gomez (Democrat, CA-34)Josh Harder (Democrat, CA-9)Mike Levin (Democrat, CA-49)Sara Jacobs (Democrat, CA-51)Kevin Mullin (Democrat, CA-15)Sydney Kamlager-Dove (Democrat, CA-37)Robert Garcia (Democrat, CA-42)Gilbert Ray Cisneros, Jr. (Democrat, CA-31)Lateefah Simon (Democrat, CA-12)Adam Gray (Democrat, CA-13)Sam T. Liccardo (Democrat, CA-16)George Whitesides (Democrat, CA-27)Luz M. Rivas (Democrat, CA-29)Laura Friedman (Democrat, CA-30)Derek Tran (Democrat, CA-45)Dave Min (Democrat, CA-47)Aisha Wahab (Democrat, CA-14)Diana DeGette (Democrat, CO-1)Joe Neguse (Democrat, CO-2)Jason Crow (Democrat, CO-6)Brittany Pettersen (Democrat, CO-7)Joe Courtney (Democrat, CT-2)Rosa L. DeLauro (Democrat, CT-3)James A. Himes (Democrat, CT-4)John B. Larson (Democrat, CT-1)Jahana Hayes (Democrat, CT-5)Sarah McBride (Democrat, DE-AL)Kathy Castor (Democrat, FL-14)Debbie Wasserman Schultz (Democrat, FL-25)Frederica S. Wilson (Democrat, FL-24)Lois Frankel (Democrat, FL-22)Darren Soto (Democrat, FL-9)Maxwell Frost (Democrat, FL-10)Jared Moskowitz (Democrat, FL-23)Sanford D. Bishop, Jr. (Democrat, GA-2)Henry C. "Hank" Johnson, Jr. (Democrat, GA-4)Lucy McBath (Democrat, GA-6)Nikema Williams (Democrat, GA-5)Everton Blair Jr. (Democrat, GA-13)Ed Case (Democrat, HI-1)Jill N. Tokuda (Democrat, HI-2)Danny K. Davis (Democrat, IL-7)Mike Quigley (Democrat, IL-5)Janice D. Schakowsky (Democrat, IL-9)Bill Foster (Democrat, IL-11)Robin L. Kelly (Democrat, IL-2)Bradley Scott Schneider (Democrat, IL-10)Raja Krishnamoorthi (Democrat, IL-8)Jesús G. "Chuy" García (Democrat, IL-4)Sean Casten (Democrat, IL-6)Lauren Underwood (Democrat, IL-14)Jonathan L. Jackson (Democrat, IL-1)Delia C. Ramirez (Democrat, IL-3)Nikki Budzinski (Democrat, IL-13)Eric Sorensen (Democrat, IL-17)André Carson (Democrat, IN-7)Frank J. Mrvan (Democrat, IN-1)Sharice Davids (Democrat, KS-3)Morgan McGarvey (Democrat, KY-3)Troy A. Carter (Democrat, LA-2)Cleo Fields (Democrat, LA-6)William R. Keating (Democrat, MA-9)Stephen F. Lynch (Democrat, MA-8)James P. McGovern (Democrat, MA-2)Richard E. Neal (Democrat, MA-1)Katherine M. Clark (Democrat, MA-5)Seth Moulton (Democrat, MA-6)Lori Trahan (Democrat, MA-3)Ayanna Pressley (Democrat, MA-7)Jake Auchincloss (Democrat, MA-4)Steny H. Hoyer (Democrat, MD-5)Jamie Raskin (Democrat, MD-8)Kweisi Mfume (Democrat, MD-7)Glenn Ivey (Democrat, MD-4)Johnny Olszewski, Jr. (Democrat, MD-2)Sarah Elfreth (Democrat, MD-3)April McClain Delaney (Democrat, MD-6)Chellie Pingree (Democrat, ME-1)Jared F. Golden (Democrat, ME-2)Debbie Dingell (Democrat, MI-6)Haley M. Stevens (Democrat, MI-11)Rashida Tlaib (Democrat, MI-12)Hillary J. Scholten (Democrat, MI-3)Shri Thanedar (Democrat, MI-13)Kristen McDonald Rivet (Democrat, MI-8)Betty McCollum (Democrat, MN-4)Angie Craig (Democrat, MN-2)Ilhan Omar (Democrat, MN-5)Kelly Morrison (Democrat, MN-3)Emanuel Cleaver (Democrat, MO-5)Wesley Bell (Democrat, MO-1)Bennie G. Thompson (Democrat, MS-2)Alma S. Adams (Democrat, NC-12)Deborah K. Ross (Democrat, NC-2)Donald G. Davis (Democrat, NC-1)Valerie P. Foushee (Democrat, NC-4)Chris Pappas (Democrat, NH-1)Maggie Goodlander (Democrat, NH-2)Frank Pallone, Jr. (Democrat, NJ-6)Donald Norcross (Democrat, NJ-1)Bonnie Watson Coleman (Democrat, NJ-12)Josh Gottheimer (Democrat, NJ-5)Robert Menendez (Democrat, NJ-8)LaMonica McIver (Democrat, NJ-10)Herbert C. Conaway, Jr. (Democrat, NJ-3)Nellie Pou (Democrat, NJ-9)Analilia Mejia (Democrat, NJ-11)Teresa Leger Fernandez (Democrat, NM-3)Melanie A. Stansbury (Democrat, NM-1)Gabe Vasquez (Democrat, NM-2)Dina Titus (Democrat, NV-1)Steven Horsford (Democrat, NV-4)Susie Lee (Democrat, NV-3)Yvette D. Clarke (Democrat, NY-9)Gregory W. Meeks (Democrat, NY-5)Jerrold Nadler (Democrat, NY-12)Paul Tonko (Democrat, NY-20)Nydia M. Velázquez (Democrat, NY-7)Grace Meng (Democrat, NY-6)Hakeem S. Jeffries (Democrat, NY-8)Adriano Espaillat (Democrat, NY-13)Joseph D. Morelle (Democrat, NY-25)Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez (Democrat, NY-14)Ritchie Torres (Democrat, NY-15)Patrick Ryan (Democrat, NY-18)Daniel S. Goldman (Democrat, NY-10)Thomas R. Suozzi (Democrat, NY-3)Timothy M. Kennedy (Democrat, NY-26)Laura Gillen (Democrat, NY-4)George Latimer (Democrat, NY-16)Josh Riley (Democrat, NY-19)John W. Mannion (Democrat, NY-22)Marcy Kaptur (Democrat, OH-9)Joyce Beatty (Democrat, OH-3)Shontel M. Brown (Democrat, OH-11)Greg Landsman (Democrat, OH-1)Emilia Strong Sykes (Democrat, OH-13)Suzanne Bonamici (Democrat, OR-1)Val T. Hoyle (Democrat, OR-4)Andrea Salinas (Democrat, OR-6)Maxine Dexter (Democrat, OR-3)Janelle S. Bynum (Democrat, OR-5)Brendan F. Boyle (Democrat, PA-2)Dwight Evans (Democrat, PA-3)Mary Gay Scanlon (Democrat, PA-5)Madeleine Dean (Democrat, PA-4)Chrissy Houlahan (Democrat, PA-6)Summer L. Lee (Democrat, PA-12)Christopher R. Deluzio (Democrat, PA-17)Seth Magaziner (Democrat, RI-2)Gabe Amo (Democrat, RI-1)James E. Clyburn (Democrat, SC-6)Steve Cohen (Democrat, TN-9)Henry Cuellar (Democrat, TX-28)Lloyd Doggett (Democrat, TX-37)Al Green (Democrat, TX-9)Joaquin Castro (Democrat, TX-20)Marc A. Veasey (Democrat, TX-33)Vicente Gonzalez (Democrat, TX-34)Lizzie Fletcher (Democrat, TX-7)Veronica Escobar (Democrat, TX-16)Sylvia R. Garcia (Democrat, TX-29)Jasmine Crockett (Democrat, TX-30)Greg Casar (Democrat, TX-35)Julie Johnson (Democrat, TX-32)Christian D. Menefee (Democrat, TX-18)Robert C. "Bobby" Scott (Democrat, VA-3)Donald S. Beyer, Jr. (Democrat, VA-8)Jennifer L. McClellan (Democrat, VA-4)Eugene Simon Vindman (Democrat, VA-7)Suhas Subramanyam (Democrat, VA-10)James R. Walkinshaw (Democrat, VA-11)Becca Balint (Democrat, VT-AL)Rick Larsen (Democrat, WA-2)Adam Smith (Democrat, WA-9)Suzan K. DelBene (Democrat, WA-1)Pramila Jayapal (Democrat, WA-7)Kim Schrier (Democrat, WA-8)Marilyn Strickland (Democrat, WA-10)Marie Gluesenkamp Perez (Democrat, WA-3)Emily Randall (Democrat, WA-6)Gwen Moore (Democrat, WI-4)Mark Pocan (Democrat, WI-2)Kevin Kiley (Independent, CA-3)Nicholas J. Begich III (Republican, AK-AL)Robert B. Aderholt (Republican, AL-4)Mike Rogers (Republican, AL-3)Gary J. Palmer (Republican, AL-6)Barry Moore (Republican, AL-1)Dale W. Strong (Republican, AL-5)Eric A. "Rick" Crawford (Republican, AR-1)Steve Womack (Republican, AR-3)J. French Hill (Republican, AR-2)Bruce Westerman (Republican, AR-4)Paul A. Gosar (Republican, AZ-9)David Schweikert (Republican, AZ-1)Andy Biggs (Republican, AZ-5)Elijah Crane (Republican, AZ-2)Juan Ciscomani (Republican, AZ-6)Abraham J. Hamadeh (Republican, AZ-8)Ken Calvert (Republican, CA-41)Tom McClintock (Republican, CA-5)Darrell Issa (Republican, CA-48)David G. Valadao (Republican, CA-22)Jay Obernolte (Republican, CA-23)Young Kim (Republican, CA-40)Vince Fong (Republican, CA-20)James Gallagher (Republican, CA-1)Lauren Boebert (Republican, CO-4)Jeff Hurd (Republican, CO-3)Jeff Crank (Republican, CO-5)Gabe Evans (Republican, CO-8)Gus M. Bilirakis (Republican, FL-12)Vern Buchanan (Republican, FL-16)Mario Diaz-Balart (Republican, FL-26)Daniel Webster (Republican, FL-11)Neal P. Dunn (Republican, FL-2)John H. Rutherford (Republican, FL-5)Brian J. Mast (Republican, FL-21)W. Gregory Steube (Republican, FL-17)Kat Cammack (Republican, FL-3)Scott Franklin (Republican, FL-18)Byron Donalds (Republican, FL-19)Carlos A. Gimenez (Republican, FL-28)Maria Elvira Salazar (Republican, FL-27)Aaron Bean (Republican, FL-4)Cory Mills (Republican, FL-7)Anna Paulina Luna (Republican, FL-13)Laurel M. Lee (Republican, FL-15)Mike Haridopolos (Republican, FL-8)Jimmy Patronis (Republican, FL-1)Randy Fine (Republican, FL-6)Austin Scott (Republican, GA-8)Earl L. "Buddy" Carter (Republican, GA-1)Barry Loudermilk (Republican, GA-11)Rick W. Allen (Republican, GA-12)Andrew S. Clyde (Republican, GA-9)Richard McCormick (Republican, GA-7)Mike Collins (Republican, GA-10)Brian Jack (Republican, GA-3)Clay Fuller (Republican, GA-14)Ashley Hinson (Republican, IA-2)Mariannette Miller-Meeks (Republican, IA-1)Randy Feenstra (Republican, IA-4)Zachary Nunn (Republican, IA-3)Michael K. Simpson (Republican, ID-2)Russ Fulcher (Republican, ID-1)Mike Bost (Republican, IL-12)Darin LaHood (Republican, IL-16)Mary E. Miller (Republican, IL-15)James R. Baird (Republican, IN-4)Victoria Spartz (Republican, IN-5)Rudy Yakym III (Republican, IN-2)Erin Houchin (Republican, IN-9)Marlin A. Stutzman (Republican, IN-3)Jefferson Shreve (Republican, IN-6)Mark B. Messmer (Republican, IN-8)Ron Estes (Republican, KS-4)Tracey Mann (Republican, KS-1)Derek Schmidt (Republican, KS-2)Brett Guthrie (Republican, KY-2)Harold Rogers (Republican, KY-5)Thomas Massie (Republican, KY-4)Andy Barr (Republican, KY-6)James Comer (Republican, KY-1)Steve Scalise (Republican, LA-1)Clay Higgins (Republican, LA-3)Mike Johnson (Republican, LA-4)Julia Letlow (Republican, LA-5)Andy Harris (Republican, MD-1)Bill Huizenga (Republican, MI-4)Tim Walberg (Republican, MI-5)John R. Moolenaar (Republican, MI-2)Jack Bergman (Republican, MI-1)Lisa C. McClain (Republican, MI-9)John James (Republican, MI-10)Tom Barrett (Republican, MI-7)Tom Emmer (Republican, MN-6)Pete Stauber (Republican, MN-8)Michelle Fischbach (Republican, MN-7)Brad Finstad (Republican, MN-1)Sam Graves (Republican, MO-6)Ann Wagner (Republican, MO-2)Jason Smith (Republican, MO-8)Mark Alford (Republican, MO-4)Eric Burlison (Republican, MO-7)Robert F. Onder, Jr. (Republican, MO-3)Trent Kelly (Republican, MS-1)Michael Guest (Republican, MS-3)Mike Ezell (Republican, MS-4)Ryan K. Zinke (Republican, MT-1)Troy Downing (Republican, MT-2)Virginia Foxx (Republican, NC-5)Richard Hudson (Republican, NC-9)David Rouzer (Republican, NC-7)Gregory F. Murphy (Republican, NC-3)Chuck Edwards (Republican, NC-11)Addison P. McDowell (Republican, NC-6)Mark Harris (Republican, NC-8)Pat Harrigan (Republican, NC-10)Brad Knott (Republican, NC-13)Tim Moore (Republican, NC-14)Julie Fedorchak (Republican, ND-AL)Adrian Smith (Republican, NE-3)Don Bacon (Republican, NE-2)Mike Flood (Republican, NE-1)Christopher H. Smith (Republican, NJ-4)Jefferson Van Drew (Republican, NJ-2)Thomas H. Kean, Jr. (Republican, NJ-7)Mark E. Amodei (Republican, NV-2)Elise M. Stefanik (Republican, NY-21)Andrew R. Garbarino (Republican, NY-2)Nicole Malliotakis (Republican, NY-11)Claudia Tenney (Republican, NY-24)Nick LaLota (Republican, NY-1)Michael Lawler (Republican, NY-17)Nicholas A. Langworthy (Republican, NY-23)Jim Jordan (Republican, OH-4)Robert E. Latta (Republican, OH-5)Michael R. Turner (Republican, OH-10)David P. Joyce (Republican, OH-14)Warren Davidson (Republican, OH-8)Troy Balderson (Republican, OH-12)Mike Carey (Republican, OH-15)Max L. Miller (Republican, OH-7)Michael A. Rulli (Republican, OH-6)David J. Taylor (Republican, OH-2)Tom Cole (Republican, OK-4)Frank D. Lucas (Republican, OK-3)Kevin Hern (Republican, OK-1)Stephanie I. Bice (Republican, OK-5)Josh Brecheen (Republican, OK-2)Cliff Bentz (Republican, OR-2)Mike Kelly (Republican, PA-16)Glenn Thompson (Republican, PA-15)Scott Perry (Republican, PA-10)Brian K. Fitzpatrick (Republican, PA-1)Lloyd Smucker (Republican, PA-11)Daniel Meuser (Republican, PA-9)John Joyce (Republican, PA-13)Guy Reschenthaler (Republican, PA-14)Ryan Mackenzie (Republican, PA-7)Robert P. Bresnahan, Jr. (Republican, PA-8)Joe Wilson (Republican, SC-2)Ralph Norman (Republican, SC-5)William R. Timmons IV (Republican, SC-4)Nancy Mace (Republican, SC-1)Russell Fry (Republican, SC-7)Sheri Biggs (Republican, SC-3)Dusty Johnson (Republican, SD-AL)Scott DesJarlais (Republican, TN-4)Charles J. "Chuck" Fleischmann (Republican, TN-3)David Kustoff (Republican, TN-8)Tim Burchett (Republican, TN-2)John W. Rose (Republican, TN-6)Diana Harshbarger (Republican, TN-1)Andrew Ogles (Republican, TN-5)Matt Van Epps (Republican, TN-7)John R. Carter (Republican, TX-31)Michael T. McCaul (Republican, TX-10)Randy K. Weber, Sr. (Republican, TX-14)Roger Williams (Republican, TX-25)Brian Babin (Republican, TX-36)Jodey C. Arrington (Republican, TX-19)Michael Cloud (Republican, TX-27)Dan Crenshaw (Republican, TX-2)Lance Gooden (Republican, TX-5)Chip Roy (Republican, TX-21)Pete Sessions (Republican, TX-17)Pat Fallon (Republican, TX-4)August Pfluger (Republican, TX-11)Ronny Jackson (Republican, TX-13)Troy E. Nehls (Republican, TX-22)Beth Van Duyne (Republican, TX-24)Jake Ellzey (Republican, TX-6)Nathaniel Moran (Republican, TX-1)Keith Self (Republican, TX-3)Morgan Luttrell (Republican, TX-8)Monica De La Cruz (Republican, TX-15)Wesley Hunt (Republican, TX-38)Craig A. Goldman (Republican, TX-12)Brandon Gill (Republican, TX-26)Blake D. Moore (Republican, UT-1)Burgess Owens (Republican, UT-4)Celeste Maloy (Republican, UT-2)Mike Kennedy (Republican, UT-3)H. Morgan Griffith (Republican, VA-9)Robert J. Wittman (Republican, VA-1)Ben Cline (Republican, VA-6)Jennifer A. Kiggans (Republican, VA-2)John J. McGuire III (Republican, VA-5)Dan Newhouse (Republican, WA-4)Michael Baumgartner (Republican, WA-5)Glenn Grothman (Republican, WI-6)Bryan Steil (Republican, WI-1)Thomas P. Tiffany (Republican, WI-7)Scott Fitzgerald (Republican, WI-5)Derrick Van Orden (Republican, WI-3)Tony Wied (Republican, WI-8)Carol D. Miller (Republican, WV-1)Riley M. Moore (Republican, WV-2)Harriet M. Hageman (Republican, WY-AL)
433 new members · 433 departed · 0 served on both dates · women 10 → 125 · median age 53 → 59
46 state delegations changed
Show delegation changes
Alaska 1 D · 0 R
Alaska 0 D · 1 R
Alabama 9 D · 0 R
Alabama 2 D · 5 R
Arkansas 7 D · 0 R
Arkansas 0 D · 4 R
Arizona 1 D · 0 R
Arizona 3 D · 6 R
California 16 D · 7 R
California 43 D · 9 R
Colorado 0 D · 4 R
Colorado 4 D · 4 R
Connecticut 4 D · 2 R
Connecticut 5 D · 0 R
Florida 6 D · 0 R
Florida 7 D · 20 R
Georgia 10 D · 0 R
Georgia 5 D · 9 R
Hawaii 0 D · 1 R
Hawaii 2 D · 0 R
Iowa 0 D · 8 R
Iowa 0 D · 4 R
Idaho 1 D · 0 R
Idaho 0 D · 2 R
Illinois 11 D · 15 R
Illinois 14 D · 3 R
Indiana 2 D · 9 R
Indiana 2 D · 7 R
Kansas 0 D · 6 R
Kansas 1 D · 3 R
Kentucky 8 D · 1 R
Kentucky 1 D · 5 R
Louisiana 8 D · 0 R
Louisiana 2 D · 4 R
Massachusetts 4 D · 10 R
Massachusetts 9 D · 0 R
Maryland 5 D · 1 R
Maryland 7 D · 1 R
Maine 0 D · 3 R
Maine 2 D · 0 R
Michigan 6 D · 11 R
Michigan 6 D · 7 R
Minnesota 2 D · 7 R
Minnesota 4 D · 4 R
Missouri 7 D · 6 R
Missouri 2 D · 6 R
Mississippi 7 D · 0 R
Mississippi 1 D · 3 R
Montana 2 D · 0 R
Montana 0 D · 2 R
North Carolina 12 D · 0 R
North Carolina 4 D · 10 R
Nebraska 0 D · 4 R
Nebraska 0 D · 3 R
New Hampshire 0 D · 2 R
New Hampshire 2 D · 0 R
New Jersey 2 D · 12 R
New Jersey 9 D · 3 R
New Mexico 1 D · 0 R
New Mexico 3 D · 0 R
Nevada 1 D · 0 R
Nevada 3 D · 1 R
New York 22 D · 22 R · 1 other
New York 19 D · 7 R
Ohio 6 D · 17 R
Ohio 5 D · 10 R
Oklahoma 6 D · 2 R
Oklahoma 0 D · 5 R
Oregon 0 D · 4 R
Oregon 5 D · 1 R
Pennsylvania 14 D · 19 R
Pennsylvania 7 D · 10 R
South Carolina 6 D · 0 R
South Carolina 1 D · 6 R
South Dakota 0 D · 2 R
South Dakota 0 D · 1 R
Tennessee 8 D · 2 R
Tennessee 1 D · 8 R
Texas 21 D · 0 R
Texas 13 D · 24 R
Utah 2 D · 0 R
Utah 0 D · 4 R
Virginia 9 D · 0 R
Virginia 6 D · 5 R
Vermont 0 D · 1 R
Vermont 1 D · 0 R
Washington 4 D · 2 R
Washington 8 D · 2 R
Wisconsin 2 D · 7 R · 1 other
Wisconsin 2 D · 6 R
West Virginia 5 D · 1 R
West Virginia 0 D · 2 R
Who joined and who left (433 in · 433 out)
Nicholas J. Begich III R
Alaska-AL
Robert B. Aderholt R
Alabama-4
Mike Rogers R
Alabama-3
Terri A. Sewell D
Alabama-7
Gary J. Palmer R
Alabama-6
Barry Moore R
Alabama-1
Dale W. Strong R
Alabama-5
Shomari Figures D
Alabama-2
Eric A. "Rick" Crawford R
Arkansas-1
Steve Womack R
Arkansas-3
J. French Hill R
Arkansas-2
Bruce Westerman R
Arkansas-4
Paul A. Gosar R
Arizona-9
David Schweikert R
Arizona-1
Andy Biggs R
Arizona-5
Greg Stanton D
Arizona-4
Elijah Crane R
Arizona-2
Juan Ciscomani R
Arizona-6
Yassamin Ansari D
Arizona-3
Abraham J. Hamadeh R
Arizona-8
Adelita S. Grijalva D
Arizona-7
Ken Calvert R
California-41
Judy Chu D
California-28
Jim Costa D
California-21
John Garamendi D
California-8
Zoe Lofgren D
California-18
Doris O. Matsui D
California-7
Tom McClintock R
California-5
Nancy Pelosi D
California-11
Brad Sherman D
California-32
Linda T. Sánchez D
California-38
Mike Thompson D
California-4
Maxine Waters D
California-43
Jared Huffman D
California-2
Ami Bera D
California-6
Julia Brownley D
California-26
Raul Ruiz D
California-25
Mark Takano D
California-39
Juan Vargas D
California-52
Scott H. Peters D
California-50
Mark DeSaulnier D
California-10
Pete Aguilar D
California-33
Ted Lieu D
California-36
Norma J. Torres D
California-35
Ro Khanna D
California-17
Jimmy Panetta D
California-19
Salud O. Carbajal D
California-24
Nanette Diaz Barragán D
California-44
J. Luis Correa D
California-46
Jimmy Gomez D
California-34
Josh Harder D
California-9
Mike Levin D
California-49
Darrell Issa R
California-48
David G. Valadao R
California-22
Jay Obernolte R
California-23
Young Kim R
California-40
Sara Jacobs D
California-51
Kevin Mullin D
California-15
Sydney Kamlager-Dove D
California-37
Robert Garcia D
California-42
Vince Fong R
California-20
Gilbert Ray Cisneros, Jr. D
California-31
Lateefah Simon D
California-12
Adam Gray D
California-13
Sam T. Liccardo D
California-16
George Whitesides D
California-27
Luz M. Rivas D
California-29
Laura Friedman D
California-30
Derek Tran D
California-45
Dave Min D
California-47
Kevin Kiley I
California-3
James Gallagher R
California-1
Aisha Wahab D
California-14
Diana DeGette D
Colorado-1
Joe Neguse D
Colorado-2
Jason Crow D
Colorado-6
Lauren Boebert R
Colorado-4
Brittany Pettersen D
Colorado-7
Jeff Hurd R
Colorado-3
Jeff Crank R
Colorado-5
Gabe Evans R
Colorado-8
Joe Courtney D
Connecticut-2
Rosa L. DeLauro D
Connecticut-3
James A. Himes D
Connecticut-4
John B. Larson D
Connecticut-1
Jahana Hayes D
Connecticut-5
Sarah McBride D
Delaware-AL
Gus M. Bilirakis R
Florida-12
Vern Buchanan R
Florida-16
Kathy Castor D
Florida-14
Mario Diaz-Balart R
Florida-26
Debbie Wasserman Schultz D
Florida-25
Daniel Webster R
Florida-11
Frederica S. Wilson D
Florida-24
Lois Frankel D
Florida-22
Neal P. Dunn R
Florida-2
John H. Rutherford R
Florida-5
Darren Soto D
Florida-9
Brian J. Mast R
Florida-21
W. Gregory Steube R
Florida-17
Kat Cammack R
Florida-3
Scott Franklin R
Florida-18
Byron Donalds R
Florida-19
Carlos A. Gimenez R
Florida-28
Maria Elvira Salazar R
Florida-27
Aaron Bean R
Florida-4
Cory Mills R
Florida-7
Maxwell Frost D
Florida-10
Anna Paulina Luna R
Florida-13
Laurel M. Lee R
Florida-15
Jared Moskowitz D
Florida-23
Mike Haridopolos R
Florida-8
Jimmy Patronis R
Florida-1
Randy Fine R
Florida-6
Sanford D. Bishop, Jr. D
Georgia-2
Henry C. "Hank" Johnson, Jr. D
Georgia-4
Austin Scott R
Georgia-8
Earl L. "Buddy" Carter R
Georgia-1
Barry Loudermilk R
Georgia-11
Rick W. Allen R
Georgia-12
Lucy McBath D
Georgia-6
Nikema Williams D
Georgia-5
Andrew S. Clyde R
Georgia-9
Richard McCormick R
Georgia-7
Mike Collins R
Georgia-10
Brian Jack R
Georgia-3
Clay Fuller R
Georgia-14
Everton Blair Jr. D
Georgia-13
Ed Case D
Hawaii-1
Jill N. Tokuda D
Hawaii-2
Ashley Hinson R
Iowa-2
Mariannette Miller-Meeks R
Iowa-1
Randy Feenstra R
Iowa-4
Zachary Nunn R
Iowa-3
Michael K. Simpson R
Idaho-2
Russ Fulcher R
Idaho-1
Danny K. Davis D
Illinois-7
Mike Quigley D
Illinois-5
Janice D. Schakowsky D
Illinois-9
Bill Foster D
Illinois-11
Robin L. Kelly D
Illinois-2
Mike Bost R
Illinois-12
Darin LaHood R
Illinois-16
Bradley Scott Schneider D
Illinois-10
Raja Krishnamoorthi D
Illinois-8
Jesús G. "Chuy" García D
Illinois-4
Sean Casten D
Illinois-6
Lauren Underwood D
Illinois-14
Mary E. Miller R
Illinois-15
Jonathan L. Jackson D
Illinois-1
Delia C. Ramirez D
Illinois-3
Nikki Budzinski D
Illinois-13
Eric Sorensen D
Illinois-17
André Carson D
Indiana-7
James R. Baird R
Indiana-4
Frank J. Mrvan D
Indiana-1
Victoria Spartz R
Indiana-5
Rudy Yakym III R
Indiana-2
Erin Houchin R
Indiana-9
Marlin A. Stutzman R
Indiana-3
Jefferson Shreve R
Indiana-6
Mark B. Messmer R
Indiana-8
Ron Estes R
Kansas-4
Sharice Davids D
Kansas-3
Tracey Mann R
Kansas-1
Derek Schmidt R
Kansas-2
Brett Guthrie R
Kentucky-2
Harold Rogers R
Kentucky-5
Thomas Massie R
Kentucky-4
Andy Barr R
Kentucky-6
James Comer R
Kentucky-1
Morgan McGarvey D
Kentucky-3
Steve Scalise R
Louisiana-1
Clay Higgins R
Louisiana-3
Mike Johnson R
Louisiana-4
Julia Letlow R
Louisiana-5
Troy A. Carter D
Louisiana-2
Cleo Fields D
Louisiana-6
William R. Keating D
Massachusetts-9
Stephen F. Lynch D
Massachusetts-8
James P. McGovern D
Massachusetts-2
Richard E. Neal D
Massachusetts-1
Katherine M. Clark D
Massachusetts-5
Seth Moulton D
Massachusetts-6
Lori Trahan D
Massachusetts-3
Ayanna Pressley D
Massachusetts-7
Jake Auchincloss D
Massachusetts-4
Andy Harris R
Maryland-1
Steny H. Hoyer D
Maryland-5
Jamie Raskin D
Maryland-8
Kweisi Mfume D
Maryland-7
Glenn Ivey D
Maryland-4
Johnny Olszewski, Jr. D
Maryland-2
Sarah Elfreth D
Maryland-3
April McClain Delaney D
Maryland-6
Chellie Pingree D
Maine-1
Jared F. Golden D
Maine-2
Bill Huizenga R
Michigan-4
Tim Walberg R
Michigan-5
John R. Moolenaar R
Michigan-2
Debbie Dingell D
Michigan-6
Jack Bergman R
Michigan-1
Haley M. Stevens D
Michigan-11
Rashida Tlaib D
Michigan-12
Lisa C. McClain R
Michigan-9
Hillary J. Scholten D
Michigan-3
John James R
Michigan-10
Shri Thanedar D
Michigan-13
Tom Barrett R
Michigan-7
Kristen McDonald Rivet D
Michigan-8
Betty McCollum D
Minnesota-4
Tom Emmer R
Minnesota-6
Angie Craig D
Minnesota-2
Ilhan Omar D
Minnesota-5
Pete Stauber R
Minnesota-8
Michelle Fischbach R
Minnesota-7
Brad Finstad R
Minnesota-1
Kelly Morrison D
Minnesota-3
Emanuel Cleaver D
Missouri-5
Sam Graves R
Missouri-6
Ann Wagner R
Missouri-2
Jason Smith R
Missouri-8
Mark Alford R
Missouri-4
Eric Burlison R
Missouri-7
Wesley Bell D
Missouri-1
Robert F. Onder, Jr. R
Missouri-3
Bennie G. Thompson D
Mississippi-2
Trent Kelly R
Mississippi-1
Michael Guest R
Mississippi-3
Mike Ezell R
Mississippi-4
Ryan K. Zinke R
Montana-1
Troy Downing R
Montana-2
Virginia Foxx R
North Carolina-5
Richard Hudson R
North Carolina-9
Alma S. Adams D
North Carolina-12
David Rouzer R
North Carolina-7
Gregory F. Murphy R
North Carolina-3
Deborah K. Ross D
North Carolina-2
Donald G. Davis D
North Carolina-1
Valerie P. Foushee D
North Carolina-4
Chuck Edwards R
North Carolina-11
Addison P. McDowell R
North Carolina-6
Mark Harris R
North Carolina-8
Pat Harrigan R
North Carolina-10
Brad Knott R
North Carolina-13
Tim Moore R
North Carolina-14
Julie Fedorchak R
North Dakota-AL
Adrian Smith R
Nebraska-3
Don Bacon R
Nebraska-2
Mike Flood R
Nebraska-1
Chris Pappas D
New Hampshire-1
Maggie Goodlander D
New Hampshire-2
Frank Pallone, Jr. D
New Jersey-6
Christopher H. Smith R
New Jersey-4
Donald Norcross D
New Jersey-1
Bonnie Watson Coleman D
New Jersey-12
Josh Gottheimer D
New Jersey-5
Jefferson Van Drew R
New Jersey-2
Thomas H. Kean, Jr. R
New Jersey-7
Robert Menendez D
New Jersey-8
LaMonica McIver D
New Jersey-10
Herbert C. Conaway, Jr. D
New Jersey-3
Nellie Pou D
New Jersey-9
Analilia Mejia D
New Jersey-11
Teresa Leger Fernandez D
New Mexico-3
Melanie A. Stansbury D
New Mexico-1
Gabe Vasquez D
New Mexico-2
Mark E. Amodei R
Nevada-2
Dina Titus D
Nevada-1
Steven Horsford D
Nevada-4
Susie Lee D
Nevada-3
Yvette D. Clarke D
New York-9
Gregory W. Meeks D
New York-5
Jerrold Nadler D
New York-12
Paul Tonko D
New York-20
Nydia M. Velázquez D
New York-7
Grace Meng D
New York-6
Hakeem S. Jeffries D
New York-8
Elise M. Stefanik R
New York-21
Adriano Espaillat D
New York-13
Joseph D. Morelle D
New York-25
Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez D
New York-14
Andrew R. Garbarino R
New York-2
Nicole Malliotakis R
New York-11
Ritchie Torres D
New York-15
Claudia Tenney R
New York-24
Patrick Ryan D
New York-18
Nick LaLota R
New York-1
Daniel S. Goldman D
New York-10
Michael Lawler R
New York-17
Nicholas A. Langworthy R
New York-23
Thomas R. Suozzi D
New York-3
Timothy M. Kennedy D
New York-26
Laura Gillen D
New York-4
George Latimer D
New York-16
Josh Riley D
New York-19
John W. Mannion D
New York-22
Jim Jordan R
Ohio-4
Marcy Kaptur D
Ohio-9
Robert E. Latta R
Ohio-5
Michael R. Turner R
Ohio-10
Joyce Beatty D
Ohio-3
David P. Joyce R
Ohio-14
Warren Davidson R
Ohio-8
Troy Balderson R
Ohio-12
Shontel M. Brown D
Ohio-11
Mike Carey R
Ohio-15
Greg Landsman D
Ohio-1
Max L. Miller R
Ohio-7
Emilia Strong Sykes D
Ohio-13
Michael A. Rulli R
Ohio-6
David J. Taylor R
Ohio-2
Tom Cole R
Oklahoma-4
Frank D. Lucas R
Oklahoma-3
Kevin Hern R
Oklahoma-1
Stephanie I. Bice R
Oklahoma-5
Josh Brecheen R
Oklahoma-2
Suzanne Bonamici D
Oregon-1
Cliff Bentz R
Oregon-2
Val T. Hoyle D
Oregon-4
Andrea Salinas D
Oregon-6
Maxine Dexter D
Oregon-3
Janelle S. Bynum D
Oregon-5
Mike Kelly R
Pennsylvania-16
Glenn Thompson R
Pennsylvania-15
Scott Perry R
Pennsylvania-10
Brendan F. Boyle D
Pennsylvania-2
Dwight Evans D
Pennsylvania-3
Brian K. Fitzpatrick R
Pennsylvania-1
Lloyd Smucker R
Pennsylvania-11
Mary Gay Scanlon D
Pennsylvania-5
Madeleine Dean D
Pennsylvania-4
Chrissy Houlahan D
Pennsylvania-6
Daniel Meuser R
Pennsylvania-9
John Joyce R
Pennsylvania-13
Guy Reschenthaler R
Pennsylvania-14
Summer L. Lee D
Pennsylvania-12
Christopher R. Deluzio D
Pennsylvania-17
Ryan Mackenzie R
Pennsylvania-7
Robert P. Bresnahan, Jr. R
Pennsylvania-8
Seth Magaziner D
Rhode Island-2
Gabe Amo D
Rhode Island-1
James E. Clyburn D
South Carolina-6
Joe Wilson R
South Carolina-2
Ralph Norman R
South Carolina-5
William R. Timmons IV R
South Carolina-4
Nancy Mace R
South Carolina-1
Russell Fry R
South Carolina-7
Sheri Biggs R
South Carolina-3
Dusty Johnson R
South Dakota-AL
Steve Cohen D
Tennessee-9
Scott DesJarlais R
Tennessee-4
Charles J. "Chuck" Fleischmann R
Tennessee-3
David Kustoff R
Tennessee-8
Tim Burchett R
Tennessee-2
John W. Rose R
Tennessee-6
Diana Harshbarger R
Tennessee-1
Andrew Ogles R
Tennessee-5
Matt Van Epps R
Tennessee-7
John R. Carter R
Texas-31
Henry Cuellar D
Texas-28
Lloyd Doggett D
Texas-37
Al Green D
Texas-9
Michael T. McCaul R
Texas-10
Randy K. Weber, Sr. R
Texas-14
Joaquin Castro D
Texas-20
Roger Williams R
Texas-25
Marc A. Veasey D
Texas-33
Brian Babin R
Texas-36
Vicente Gonzalez D
Texas-34
Jodey C. Arrington R
Texas-19
Michael Cloud R
Texas-27
Dan Crenshaw R
Texas-2
Lance Gooden R
Texas-5
Lizzie Fletcher D
Texas-7
Veronica Escobar D
Texas-16
Chip Roy R
Texas-21
Sylvia R. Garcia D
Texas-29
Pete Sessions R
Texas-17
Pat Fallon R
Texas-4
August Pfluger R
Texas-11
Ronny Jackson R
Texas-13
Troy E. Nehls R
Texas-22
Beth Van Duyne R
Texas-24
Jake Ellzey R
Texas-6
Nathaniel Moran R
Texas-1
Keith Self R
Texas-3
Morgan Luttrell R
Texas-8
Monica De La Cruz R
Texas-15
Jasmine Crockett D
Texas-30
Greg Casar D
Texas-35
Wesley Hunt R
Texas-38
Craig A. Goldman R
Texas-12
Brandon Gill R
Texas-26
Julie Johnson D
Texas-32
Christian D. Menefee D
Texas-18
Blake D. Moore R
Utah-1
Burgess Owens R
Utah-4
Celeste Maloy R
Utah-2
Mike Kennedy R
Utah-3
H. Morgan Griffith R
Virginia-9
Robert C. "Bobby" Scott D
Virginia-3
Robert J. Wittman R
Virginia-1
Donald S. Beyer, Jr. D
Virginia-8
Ben Cline R
Virginia-6
Jennifer A. Kiggans R
Virginia-2
Jennifer L. McClellan D
Virginia-4
John J. McGuire III R
Virginia-5
Eugene Simon Vindman D
Virginia-7
Suhas Subramanyam D
Virginia-10
James R. Walkinshaw D
Virginia-11
Becca Balint D
Vermont-AL
Rick Larsen D
Washington-2
Adam Smith D
Washington-9
Suzan K. DelBene D
Washington-1
Dan Newhouse R
Washington-4
Pramila Jayapal D
Washington-7
Kim Schrier D
Washington-8
Marilyn Strickland D
Washington-10
Marie Gluesenkamp Perez D
Washington-3
Michael Baumgartner R
Washington-5
Emily Randall D
Washington-6
Gwen Moore D
Wisconsin-4
Mark Pocan D
Wisconsin-2
Glenn Grothman R
Wisconsin-6
Bryan Steil R
Wisconsin-1
Thomas P. Tiffany R
Wisconsin-7
Scott Fitzgerald R
Wisconsin-5
Derrick Van Orden R
Wisconsin-3
Tony Wied R
Wisconsin-8
Carol D. Miller R
West Virginia-1
Riley M. Moore R
West Virginia-2
Harriet M. Hageman R
Wyoming-AL
Edward Lewis Bartlett D
Alaska-AL
John Jackson Sparkman D
Alabama-8
Luther Patrick D
Alabama-9
Peterson Bryant Jarman D
Alabama-6
Carter Manasco D
Alabama-7
Samuel Francis Hobbs D
Alabama-4
Frank William Boykin D
Alabama-1
George McInvale Grant D
Alabama-2
Albert McKinley Rains D
Alabama-5
George William Andrews D
Alabama-3
William Fadjo Cravens D
Arkansas-4
Lawrence Brooks Hays D
Arkansas-5
William Frank Norrell D
Arkansas-6
Oren Harris D
Arkansas-7
James William Trimble D
Arkansas-3
Ezekiel Candler Gathings D
Arkansas-1
Wilbur Daigh Mills D
Arkansas-2
Richard Fielding Harless D
Arizona-AL
Ned Romeyn Healy D
California-13
Edouard Victor Michel Izac D
California-23
George Elmer Outland D
California-11
Ellis Ellwood Patterson D
California-16
John Harvey Tolan D
California-7
Horace Jeremiah Voorhis D
California-12
Alfred James Elliott D
California-10
Bertrand Wesley Gearhart R
California-9
Clarence Frederick Lea D
California-1
Helen Gahagan Douglas D
California-14
Richard Joseph Welch R
California-5
John Zuinglius Anderson R
California-8
Franck Roberts Havenner D
California-4
John Carl Williams Hinshaw R
California-20
Justin Leroy Johnson R
California-3
John Phillips R
California-22
Clair Engle D
California-2
Gordon Leo McDonough R
California-15
Clyde Gilman Doyle D
California-18
Harry Richard Sheppard D
California-21
Cecil Rhodes King D
California-17
George Paul Miller D
California-6
Chester Earl Holifield D
California-19
Dean Milton Gillespie R
Colorado-1
Robert Fay Rockwell R
Colorado-4
William Silas Hill R
Colorado-2
John Edgar Chenoweth R
Colorado-3
James Patrick Geelan D
Connecticut-3
Herman Paul Kopplemann D
Connecticut-1
Clare Boothe Luce R
Connecticut-4
Joseph Francis Ryter D
Connecticut-AL
Joseph Edward Talbot R
Connecticut-5
Chase Going Woodhouse D
Connecticut-2
Philip Andrew Traynor D
Delaware-AL
Arthur Patrick Cannon D
Florida-4
Joseph Edward Hendricks D
Florida-5
Emory Hilliard Price D
Florida-2
James Hardin Peterson D
Florida-1
Dwight Laing Rogers D
Florida-6
Robert Lee Fulton Sikes D
Florida-3
John Strickland Gibson D
Georgia-8
Helen Douglas Mankin D
Georgia-5
Hugh Peterson D
Georgia-1
Malcolm Connor Tarver D
Georgia-7
Stephen Pace D
Georgia-3
Edward Eugene Cox D
Georgia-2
John Stephens Wood D
Georgia-9
Albert Sidney Camp D
Georgia-4
Paul Brown D
Georgia-10
Carl Vinson D
Georgia-6
Joseph Rider Farrington R
Hawaii-AL
John Williams Gwynne R
Iowa-3
James Isaac Dolliver R
Iowa-6
Thomas Ellsworth Martin R
Iowa-1
Paul Harvey Cunningham R
Iowa-5
Karl Miles Le Compte R
Iowa-4
Henry Oscar Talle R
Iowa-2
Charles Bernard Hoeven R
Iowa-8
Benton Franklin Jensen R
Iowa-7
Compton Ignatius White D
Idaho-1
Emily Taft Douglas D
Illinois-AL
James Vandaveer Heidinger R
Illinois-24
Edward Austin Kelly D
Illinois-3
William Walter Link D
Illinois-7
Alexander John Resa D
Illinois-9
William A. Rowan D
Illinois-2
Jessie Sumner R
Illinois-18
George Evan Howell R
Illinois-21
Anton Joseph Johnson R
Illinois-14
Ralph Edwin Church R
Illinois-10
Martin Gorski D
Illinois-4
Rolla Coral McMillen R
Illinois-19
Adolph Joachim Sabath D
Illinois-5
Cecil William Bishop R
Illinois-25
Chauncey William Reed R
Illinois-11
Thomas Sylvy Gordon D
Illinois-8
Sidney Elmer Simpson R
Illinois-20
Charles Wesley Vursell R
Illinois-23
Leo Elwood Allen R
Illinois-13
Robert Bruce Chiperfield R
Illinois-15
Noah Morgan Mason R
Illinois-12
Everett McKinley Dirksen R
Illinois-16
Thomas Joseph O’Brien D
Illinois-6
William Levi Dawson D
Illinois-1
Leslie Cornelius Arends R
Illinois-17
Charles Melvin Price D
Illinois-22
Charles Marion La Follette R
Indiana-8
George W. Gillie R
Indiana-4
Robert Allen Grant R
Indiana-3
Forest Arthur Harness R
Indiana-5
Noble Jacob Johnson R
Indiana-6
Gerald Wayne Landis R
Indiana-7
Louis Leon Ludlow D
Indiana-11
Raymond Smiley Springer R
Indiana-10
Earl Wilson R
Indiana-9
Charles Abraham Halleck R
Indiana-2
Ray John Madden D
Indiana-1
Thomas Daniel Winter R
Kansas-3
Albert McDonald Cole R
Kansas-1
Clifford Ragsdale Hope R
Kansas-5
Errett Power Scrivner R
Kansas-2
Edward Herbert Rees R
Kansas-4
Frank Carlson R
Kansas-6
Andrew Jackson May D
Kentucky-7
Emmet O’Neal D
Kentucky-3
John Marshall Robsion R
Kentucky-9
Virgil Munday Chapman D
Kentucky-6
Earle C Clements D
Kentucky-2
Joseph Bengal Bates D
Kentucky-8
Noble Jones Gregory D
Kentucky-1
Brent Spence D
Kentucky-5
Frank Leslie Chelf D
Kentucky-4
Paul Herbert Maloney D
Louisiana-2
Charles Edgar McKenzie D
Louisiana-5
James Domengeaux D
Louisiana-3
Asa Leonard Allen D
Louisiana-8
Henry Dominique Larcade Jr. D
Louisiana-7
Overton Brooks D
Louisiana-4
James Hobson Morrison D
Louisiana-6
Felix Edward Hébert D
Louisiana-1
James Michael Curley D
Massachusetts-11
Pehr Gustaf Holmes R
Massachusetts-4
Charles Russell Clason R
Massachusetts-2
Charles Laceille Gifford R
Massachusetts-9
George Joseph Bates R
Massachusetts-6
Christian Archibald Herter R
Massachusetts-10
Angier Louis Goodwin R
Massachusetts-8
John Walter Heselton R
Massachusetts-1
Richard Bowditch Wigglesworth R
Massachusetts-13
Edith Nourse Rogers R
Massachusetts-5
Thomas Joseph Lane D
Massachusetts-7
Joseph William Martin Jr. R
Massachusetts-14
John William McCormack D
Massachusetts-12
Philip Joseph Philbin D
Massachusetts-3
Harry Streett Baldwin D
Maryland-2
Dudley George Roe D
Maryland-1
Thomas D’Alesandro Jr. D
Maryland-3
Lansdale Ghiselin Sasscer D
Maryland-5
James Glenn Beall R
Maryland-6
George Hyde Fallon D
Maryland-4
Frank Fellows R
Maine-3
Robert Hale R
Maine-1
Margaret Chase Smith R
Maine-2
Frank Eugene Hook D
Michigan-12
Frederick Van Ness Bradley R
Michigan-11
Bartel John Jonkman R
Michigan-5
Albert Joseph Engel R
Michigan-9
John Lesinski D
Michigan-16
Earl Cory Michener R
Michigan-2
George Gregory Sadowski D
Michigan-1
William Wallace Blackney R
Michigan-6
Fred Lewis Crawford R
Michigan-8
Roy Orchard Woodruff R
Michigan-10
George Donoghue O’Brien D
Michigan-13
Paul Werntz Shafer R
Michigan-3
John David Dingell D
Michigan-15
George Anthony Dondero R
Michigan-17
Jesse Paine Wolcott R
Michigan-7
Clare Eugene Hoffman R
Michigan-4
Louis Charles Rabaut D
Michigan-14
William James Gallagher D
Minnesota-3
William Alvin Pittenger R
Minnesota-8
Frank Thomas Starkey D
Minnesota-4
Harold Knutson R
Minnesota-6
Harold Christian Hagen R
Minnesota-9
August Herman Andresen R
Minnesota-1
Joseph Patrick O’Hara R
Minnesota-2
Herman Carl Andersen R
Minnesota-7
Walter Henry Judd R
Minnesota-5
John Joseph Cochran D
Missouri-13
Roger Caldwell Slaughter D
Missouri-5
Samuel Washington Arnold R
Missouri-1
Charles Jasper Bell D
Missouri-4
Marion Tinsley Bennett R
Missouri-6
Walter Christian Ploeser R
Missouri-12
Max Schwabe R
Missouri-2
Orville Zimmerman D
Missouri-10
John Berchmans Sullivan D
Missouri-11
William Clay Cole R
Missouri-3
Dewey Jackson Short R
Missouri-7
Albert Sidney Johnson Carnahan D
Missouri-8
Clarence Andrew Cannon D
Missouri-9
Daniel Rayford McGehee D
Mississippi-7
William Madison Whittington D
Mississippi-3
John Elliott Rankin D
Mississippi-1
William Arthur Winstead D
Mississippi-5
Thomas Gerstle Abernethy D
Mississippi-4
William Meyers Colmer D
Mississippi-6
Jamie Lloyd Whitten D
Mississippi-2
James Francis O’Connor D
Montana-2
Michael Joseph Mansfield D
Montana-1
William Olin Burgin D
North Carolina-8
Joseph Wilson Ervin D
North Carolina-10
Zebulon Weaver D
North Carolina-12
Jerome Bayard Clark D
North Carolina-7
John Hamlin Folger D
North Carolina-5
Alfred Lee Bulwinkle D
North Carolina-11
Robert Lee Doughton D
North Carolina-9
John Hosea Kerr D
North Carolina-2
Graham Arthur Barden D
North Carolina-3
Carl Thomas Durham D
North Carolina-6
Herbert Covington Bonner D
North Carolina-1
Harold Dunbar Cooley D
North Carolina-4
Charles Raymond Robertson R
North Dakota-AL
Howard Homan Buffett R
Nebraska-2
Karl Stefan R
Nebraska-3
Arthur Lewis Miller R
Nebraska-4
Carl Thomas Curtis R
Nebraska-1
Sherman Adams R
New Hampshire-2
Chester Earl Merrow R
New Hampshire-1
David Lane Powers R
New Jersey-4
Fred Allan Hartley Jr. R
New Jersey-10
Frank Leander Sundstrom R
New Jersey-11
Mary Teresa Norton D
New Jersey-13
John Parnell Thomas R
New Jersey-7
Charles Aubrey Eaton R
New Jersey-5
Harry Lancaster Towe R
New Jersey-9
Edward Joseph Hart D
New Jersey-14
Thomas Millet Hand R
New Jersey-2
Robert Winthrop Kean R
New Jersey-12
Charles Anderson Wolverton R
New Jersey-1
Gordon Canfield R
New Jersey-8
James Coats Auchincloss R
New Jersey-3
Clifford Philip Case R
New Jersey-6
Antonio Manuel Fernández D
New Mexico-AL
Berkeley Lloyd Bunker D
Nevada-AL
Joseph Clark Baldwin R
New York-17
William Bernard Barry D
New York-4
Augustus Witschief Bennet R
New York-29
Samuel Dickstein D
New York-19
Clarence Eugene Hancock R
New York-36
Peter Anthony Quinn D
New York-26
James A. Roe D
New York-5
George Frederick Rogers D
New York-40
Edgar Allan Sharp R
New York-1
James H. Torrens D
New York-21
Walter Gresham Andrews R
New York-42
Ellsworth Brewer Buck R
New York-16
John Joseph Delaney D
New York-7
Edward Julius Elsaesser R
New York-43
Hadwen Carlton Fuller R
New York-35
Benjamin J. Rabin D
New York-24
Leo Frederick Rayfiel D
New York-14
Sol Bloom D
New York-20
Jay Le Fevre R
New York-30
Walter Aloysius Lynch D
New York-23
Vito Anthony Marcantonio AL
New York-18
Joseph Lawrence Pfeifer D
New York-8
Andrew Lawrence Somers D
New York-10
James Wolcott Wadsworth Jr. R
New York-41
John Cornelius Butler R
New York-44
William Thomas Byrne D
New York-32
Edwin Arthur Hall R
New York-37
Leonard Wood Hall R
New York-2
James Joseph Heffernan D
New York-11
Donald Lawrence O’Toole D
New York-13
Ralph Abernethy Gamble R
New York-28
William Sterling Cole R
New York-39
Ralph Waldo Gwinn R
New York-27
Bernard William Kearney R
New York-31
Henry Jepson Latham R
New York-3
Daniel Alden Reed R
New York-45
Dean Park Taylor R
New York-33
John Taber R
New York-38
Charles Anthony Buckley D
New York-25
Clarence Evans Kilburn R
New York-34
Eugene James Keogh D
New York-9
Adam Clayton Powell Jr. D
New York-22
Emanuel Celler D
New York-15
John James Rooney D
New York-12
James Joseph Delaney D
New York-6
Edward Joseph Gardner D
Ohio-3
William Richard Thom D
Ohio-16
Percy Wilfred Griffiths R
Ohio-15
Robert Franklin Jones R
Ohio-4
Earl Ramage Lewis R
Ohio-18
Edward Oscar McCowen R
Ohio-6
Homer Alonzo Ramey R
Ohio-9
Walter B. Huber D
Ohio-14
Frederick Cleveland Smith R
Ohio-8
Walter Ellsworth Brehm R
Ohio-11
Charles Henry Elston R
Ohio-1
Robert Crosser D
Ohio-21
Alvin F. Weichel R
Ohio-13
George Harrison Bender R
Ohio-AL
Cliff Clevenger R
Ohio-5
Thomas Albert Jenkins R
Ohio-10
J. Harry McGregor R
Ohio-17
John Martin Vorys R
Ohio-12
William Emil Hess R
Ohio-2
Clarence J. Brown R
Ohio-7
Frances Payne Bolton R
Ohio-22
Michael Aloysius Feighan D
Ohio-20
Michael Joseph Kirwan D
Ohio-19
Lyle H. Boren D
Oklahoma-4
Jed Joseph Johnson D
Oklahoma-6
Paul Stewart D
Oklahoma-3
Ross Rizley R
Oklahoma-8
George Blaine Schwabe R
Oklahoma-1
William Grady Stigler D
Oklahoma-2
Almer Stillwell Mike Monroney D
Oklahoma-5
Victor Eugene Wickersham D
Oklahoma-7
James Wheaton Mott R
Oregon-1
Lowell Stockman R
Oregon-2
Homer Daniel Angell R
Oregon-3
Mathew Harris Ellsworth R
Oregon-4
John William Murphy D
Pennsylvania-10
Michael Joseph Bradley D
Pennsylvania-3
David Emmert Brumbaugh R
Pennsylvania-22
Howard Edmond Campbell R
Pennsylvania-29
Daniel Knabb Hoch D
Pennsylvania-13
Carl Henry Hoffman R
Pennsylvania-23
John Roland Kinzer R
Pennsylvania-9
Herbert Joseph McGlinchey D
Pennsylvania-6
Robert Lewis Rodgers R
Pennsylvania-28
John Edward Sheridan D
Pennsylvania-4
Samuel Arthur Weiss D
Pennsylvania-33
James Wolfenden R
Pennsylvania-7
Charles Lewis Gerlach R
Pennsylvania-8
Chester Heilman Gross R
Pennsylvania-21
Harve Tibbott R
Pennsylvania-26
Robert Fleming Rich R
Pennsylvania-15
Wilson Darwin Gillette R
Pennsylvania-14
Louis Edward Graham R
Pennsylvania-25
William Thomas Granahan D
Pennsylvania-2
Herman Peter Eberharter D
Pennsylvania-32
Augustine Bernard Kelley D
Pennsylvania-27
Samuel Kerns McConnell Jr. R
Pennsylvania-16
Richard Murray Simpson R
Pennsylvania-17
Ivor David Fenton R
Pennsylvania-12
Leon Harry Gavin R
Pennsylvania-19
William Joseph Green Jr. D
Pennsylvania-5
Francis Eugene Walter D
Pennsylvania-20
John Crain Kunkel R
Pennsylvania-18
Robert James Corbett R
Pennsylvania-30
James Grove Fulton R
Pennsylvania-31
William Aloysius Barrett D
Pennsylvania-1
Thomas Ellsworth Morgan D
Pennsylvania-24
Daniel John Flood D
Pennsylvania-11
Aime Joseph Forand D
Rhode Island-1
John Edward Fogarty D
Rhode Island-2
Butler Black Hare D
South Carolina-3
Joseph Raleigh Bryson D
South Carolina-4
James Prioleau Richards D
South Carolina-5
John Jacob Riley D
South Carolina-2
Lucius Mendel Rivers D
South Carolina-1
John Lanneau McMillan D
South Carolina-6
Francis Higbee Case R
South Dakota-2
Karl Earl Mundt R
South Dakota-1
Harold Henderson Earthman D
Tennessee-5
William Wirt Courtney D
Tennessee-7
John Jennings Jr. R
Tennessee-2
James Percy Priest D
Tennessee-6
Jere Cooper D
Tennessee-9
Carey Estes Kefauver D
Tennessee-3
Brazilla Carroll Reece R
Tennessee-1
Clifford Davis D
Tennessee-10
Albert Arnold Gore D
Tennessee-4
Thomas Jefferson Murray D
Tennessee-8
Luther Alexander Johnson D
Texas-6
Fritz Garland Lanham D
Texas-12
Sam Morris Russell D
Texas-17
Hatton William Sumners D
Texas-5
Joseph Jefferson Mansfield D
Texas-9
Robert Ewing Thomason D
Texas-16
Milton Horace West D
Texas-15
Francis Eugene Worley D
Texas-18
Jesse Martin Combs D
Texas-2
Ed Lee Gossett D
Texas-13
Thomas Augustus Pickett D
Texas-7
John Emmett Lyle Jr. D
Texas-14
Paul Joseph Kilday D
Texas-20
Samuel Taliaferro Rayburn D
Texas-4
Lyndon Baines Johnson D
Texas-10
Lindley Garrison Beckworth Sr. D
Texas-3
Albert Thomas D
Texas-8
Ovie Clark Fisher D
Texas-21
John William Wright Patman D
Texas-1
George Herman Mahon D
Texas-19
William Robert Poage D
Texas-11
James William Robinson D
Utah-2
Walter Keil Granger D
Utah-1
Thomas Granville Burch D
Virginia-5
Absalom Willis Robertson D
Virginia-7
Ralph Hunter Daughton D
Virginia-2
Dave Edward Satterfield Jr. D
Virginia-3
Clifton Alexander Woodrum D
Virginia-6
Patrick Henry Drewry D
Virginia-4
John William Flannagan Jr. D
Virginia-9
Schuyler Otis Bland D
Virginia-1
Howard Worth Smith D
Virginia-8
Charles Albert Plumley R
Vermont-AL
John Main Coffee D
Washington-6
Emerson Hugh De Lacy D
Washington-1
Charles Raymon Savage D
Washington-3
Otis Halbert Holmes R
Washington-4
Walter Franklin Horan R
Washington-5
Henry Martin Jackson D
Washington-2
Robert Kirkland Henry R
Wisconsin-2
Thaddeus Francis Boleslaw Wasielewski D
Wisconsin-4
William Henry Stevenson R
Wisconsin-3
Andrew John Biemiller D
Wisconsin-5
Frank Bateman Keefe R
Wisconsin-6
Reid Fred Murray R
Wisconsin-7
Merlin Hull P
Wisconsin-9
Lawrence Henry Smith R
Wisconsin-1
John William Byrnes R
Wisconsin-8
Alvin Edward O’Konski R
Wisconsin-10
Hubert Summers Ellis R
West Virginia-4
Erland Harold Hedrick D
West Virginia-6
John Kee D
West Virginia-5
Matthew Mansfield Neely D
West Virginia-1
Cleveland Monroe Bailey D
West Virginia-3
Jennings Randolph D
West Virginia-2
Frank Aloysius Barrett R
Wyoming-AL
legislative/lawsLaws enacted
+12,859Congress.gov ↗
Complete lists of public laws start with the 93rd Congress (Jan 3, 1973). Earlier years show notable and landmark acts only.
12,859 laws recorded · 38 landmark · 2,832 notable
Taft–Hartley Act landmark
Pub. L. 80-101 · Jun 23, 1947
National Security Act of 1947 landmark
Pub. L. 80-253 · Jul 26, 1947
Federal Aid Highway Act of 1956 landmark
Pub. L. 84-627 · Jun 29, 1956
Clean Air Act landmark
Pub. L. 88-206 · Dec 17, 1963
Civil Rights Act of 1964 landmark
Pub. L. 88-352 · Jul 2, 1964
Elementary and Secondary Education Act landmark
Pub. L. 89-10 · Apr 11, 1965
Social Security Amendments of 1965 landmark
Pub. L. 89-97 · Jul 30, 1965
Voting Rights Act of 1965 landmark
Pub. L. 89-110 · Aug 6, 1965
Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 landmark
Pub. L. 89-236 · Oct 3, 1965
Higher Education Act of 1965 landmark
Pub. L. 89-329 · Nov 8, 1965
Show 30 more notable laws
Freedom of Information Act landmark
Pub. L. 89-487 · Jul 4, 1966
Civil Rights Act of 1968 landmark
Pub. L. 90-284 · Apr 11, 1968
National Environmental Policy Act landmark
Pub. L. 91-190 · Jan 1, 1970
Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) landmark
Pub. L. 91-596 · Dec 29, 1970
Clean Water Act landmark
Pub. L. 92-500 · Oct 18, 1972
War Powers Resolution landmark
Pub. L. 93-148 · Nov 7, 1973
Rep. Clement Zablocki D-WI-4 · House 284–135 · Senate 75–18 · signed by Nixon
Endangered Species Act of 1973 landmark
Pub. L. 93-205 · Dec 28, 1973
Sen. Harrison Williams D-NJ · House 355–4 · Senate 92–0 · signed by Nixon
Tax Reform Act of 1986 landmark
Pub. L. 99-514 · Oct 22, 1986
Rep. Dan Rostenkowski D-IL-8 · House 292–136 · Senate 74–23 · signed by Reagan
Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 (Simpson-Mazzoli Act) landmark
Pub. L. 99-603 · Nov 6, 1986
Sen. Alan Simpson R-WY · House 238–173 · Senate 63–24 · signed by Reagan
Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 landmark
Pub. L. 101-336 · Jul 26, 1990
Sen. Tom Harkin D-IA · House 377–28 · Senate 91–6 · signed by Bush
Telecommunications Act of 1996 landmark
Pub. L. 104-104 · Feb 8, 1996
Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996 landmark
Pub. L. 104-193 · Aug 22, 1996
Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism (USA PATRIOT ACT) Act of 2001 landmark
Pub. L. 107-56 · Oct 26, 2001
No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 landmark
Pub. L. 107-110 · Jan 8, 2002
Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 landmark
Pub. L. 107-204 · Jul 30, 2002
Homeland Security Act of 2002 landmark
Pub. L. 107-296 · Nov 25, 2002
Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act of 2003 landmark
Pub. L. 108-173 · Dec 8, 2003
Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008 landmark
Pub. L. 110-343 · Oct 3, 2008
American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 landmark
Pub. L. 111-5 · Feb 17, 2009
Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act landmark
Pub. L. 111-148 · Mar 23, 2010
Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act landmark
Pub. L. 111-203 · Jul 21, 2010
Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 landmark
Pub. L. 115-97 · Dec 22, 2017
Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act landmark
Pub. L. 116-136 · Mar 27, 2020
American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 landmark
Pub. L. 117-2 · Mar 11, 2021
Rep. John Yarmuth D-KY-3 · House 219–212 · Senate 50–49 · signed by Biden
Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act landmark
Pub. L. 117-58 · Nov 15, 2021
Rep. Peter DeFazio D-OR-4 · House 221–201 · Senate 69–30 · signed by Biden
CHIPS and Science Act or Creating Helpful Incentives to Produce Semiconductors for America Act landmark
Pub. L. 117-167 · Aug 9, 2022
Rep. Tim Ryan D-OH-13 · House 215–207 · Senate 64–33 · signed by Biden
Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 landmark
Pub. L. 117-169 · Aug 16, 2022
Rep. John Yarmuth D-KY-3 · House 220–213 · Senate 50–50 · signed by Biden
One Big Beautiful Bill Act landmark
Pub. L. 119-21 · Jul 4, 2025
United Nations Participation Act
Pub. L. 79-264 · Dec 20, 1945
War Brides Act
Pub. L. 79-271 · Dec 28, 1945
Under each law: its sponsor, the final-passage roll call in each chamber (hover for the party split; no roll call means a voice vote or unanimous consent), and the president who signed it. Sources: Congress.gov, the House Clerk, and the Senate.

Judicial3 files+11,803−9

judicial/supreme-courtThe Supreme Court
+9−9Federal Judicial Center ↗
Bench by appointing party: 9 D → 6 R · 3 D · every justice ↗
Hugo Lafayette Black D
appointed by Franklin D. Roosevelt · 1937 · confirmed 63–16
Stanley Forman Reed D
appointed by Franklin D. Roosevelt · 1938
Felix Frankfurter D
appointed by Franklin D. Roosevelt · 1939
William Orville Douglas D
appointed by Franklin D. Roosevelt · 1939 · confirmed 62–4
Frank Murphy D
appointed by Franklin D. Roosevelt · 1940
Harlan Fiske Stone D
appointed by Franklin D. Roosevelt · 1941
Robert Houghwout Jackson D
appointed by Franklin D. Roosevelt · 1941
Wiley Blount Rutledge D
appointed by Franklin D. Roosevelt · 1943
Harold Hitz Burton D
appointed by Harry S Truman · 1945
Clarence Thomas R
appointed by George H.W. Bush · 1991 · confirmed 52–48
John Glover Roberts, Jr. R
appointed by George W. Bush · 2005 · confirmed 78–22
Samuel A. Alito, Jr. R
appointed by George W. Bush · 2006 · confirmed 58–42
Sonia Sotomayor D
appointed by Barack Obama · 2009 · confirmed 68–31
Elena Kagan D
appointed by Barack Obama · 2010 · confirmed 63–37
Neil M. Gorsuch R
appointed by Donald J. Trump · 2017 · confirmed 54–45
Brett M. Kavanaugh R
appointed by Donald J. Trump · 2018 · confirmed 50–48
Amy Coney Barrett R
appointed by Donald J. Trump · 2020 · confirmed 52–48
Ketanji Brown Jackson D
appointed by Joseph R. Biden · 2022 · confirmed 53–47
judicial/lower-courtsAppeals & district courts
+3,451Federal Judicial Center ↗
Courts of appeals (active judges): 43 D · 14 R → 92 R · 87 D
District courts (active judges): 131 D · 61 R · 1 N( · 1 N( → 373 D · 279 R
Harry S Truman D appointed 138 judges
3 Supreme Court · 22 appeals · 105 district · 8 other
None (reassignment) N( appointed 77 judges
34 appeals · 31 district · 12 other
Dwight D. Eisenhower R appointed 191 judges
5 Supreme Court · 45 appeals · 131 district · 10 other
John F. Kennedy D appointed 134 judges
2 Supreme Court · 21 appeals · 109 district · 2 other
None (assignment) N( appointed 1 judge
1 district
Lyndon B. Johnson D appointed 187 judges
2 Supreme Court · 40 appeals · 132 district · 13 other
Richard M. Nixon R appointed 239 judges
4 Supreme Court · 46 appeals · 182 district · 7 other
Gerald Ford R appointed 67 judges
1 Supreme Court · 11 appeals · 55 district
Jimmy Carter D appointed 267 judges
56 appeals · 208 district · 3 other
Ronald Reagan R appointed 387 judges
4 Supreme Court · 83 appeals · 294 district · 6 other
George H.W. Bush R appointed 194 judges
2 Supreme Court · 42 appeals · 149 district · 1 other
William J. Clinton D appointed 383 judges
2 Supreme Court · 66 appeals · 310 district · 5 other
George W. Bush R appointed 328 judges
2 Supreme Court · 61 appeals · 263 district · 2 other
Barack Obama D appointed 330 judges
2 Supreme Court · 55 appeals · 269 district · 4 other
Donald J. Trump R appointed 293 judges
3 Supreme Court · 64 appeals · 222 district · 4 other
Joseph R. Biden D appointed 235 judges
1 Supreme Court · 45 appeals · 187 district · 2 other
7 circuits flipped majority
Second Circuit 2 D · 4 R (R majority)
Second Circuit 7 D · 6 R (D majority)
Third Circuit 5 D · 0 R (D majority)
Third Circuit 6 D · 8 R (R majority)
Fourth Circuit 1 D · 2 R (R majority)
Fourth Circuit 9 D · 6 R (D majority)
Fifth Circuit 4 D · 2 R (D majority)
Fifth Circuit 5 D · 12 R (R majority)
Sixth Circuit 3 D · 2 R (D majority)
Sixth Circuit 6 D · 10 R (R majority)
Seventh Circuit 4 D · 1 R (D majority)
Seventh Circuit 5 D · 6 R (R majority)
Eighth Circuit 5 D · 2 R (D majority)
Eighth Circuit 1 D · 10 R (R majority)
D and R describe the party of the appointing president, not the judge. Active service ends when a judge takes senior status.
judicial/rulingsSupreme Court decisions
+8,343Supreme Court Database ↗
8,343 argued decisions · 30 landmark
United States v. Lovett
328 U.S. 303 · Jun 3, 1946 · Decided 7–0 · First Amendment · Affirmed · Declared federal law unconstitutional
Halliburton Oil Well Cementing Co. v. Walker
329 U.S. 1 · Nov 18, 1946 · Decided 8–1 · Economic Activity · Reversed · Overruled precedent
Macgregor v. Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Co.
329 U.S. 402 · Jan 6, 1947 · Decided 5–4 · Economic Activity · Reversed and remanded · Overruled precedent
Angel v. Bullington
330 U.S. 183 · Feb 17, 1947 · Decided 6–3 · Judicial Power · Reversed · Overruled precedent
Shelley v. Kraemer
334 U.S. 1 · May 3, 1948 · Decided 6–0 · Civil Rights · Reversed
Sherrer v. Sherrer
334 U.S. 343 · Jun 7, 1948 · Decided 7–2 · Due Process · Reversed · Overruled precedent
Lincoln Federal Labor Union v. Northwestern Iron & Metal Co.
335 U.S. 525 · Jan 3, 1949 · Decided 9–0 · Unions · Affirmed · Overruled precedent
Commissioner of Internal Revenue v. Estate of Church
335 U.S. 632 · Jan 17, 1949 · Decided 6–3 · Federal Taxation · Reversed · Overruled precedent
Ott v. Mississippi Valley Barge Line Co.
336 U.S. 169 · Feb 7, 1949 · Decided 8–1 · Economic Activity · Reversed · Overruled precedent
Oklahoma Tax Commission v. Texas Company
336 U.S. 342 · Mar 7, 1949 · Decided 9–0 · Federalism · Reversed and remanded · Overruled precedent
Show 20 more
Cosmopolitan Shipping Co. v. McAllister
Jun 27, 1949 · Decided 5–4 · Economic Activity · Reversed · Overruled precedent
United States v. Rabinowitz
Feb 20, 1950 · Decided 5–3 · Criminal Procedure · Reversed · Overruled precedent
Darr v. Burford
Apr 3, 1950 · Decided 5–3 · Judicial Power · Affirmed · Overruled precedent
Standard Oil Co. v. Peck
Feb 4, 1952 · Decided 7–2 · Economic Activity · Reversed · Overruled precedent · Struck down state law
Joseph Burstyn, Inc. v. Wilson
May 26, 1952 · Decided 9–0 · First Amendment · Reversed · Overruled precedent · Struck down state law
Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. v. Sawyer
Jun 2, 1952 · Decided 6–3 · Miscellaneous · Affirmed
United States v. Cardiff
Dec 8, 1952 · Decided 8–1 · Due Process · Affirmed · Declared federal law unconstitutional
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka
May 17, 1954 · Decided 9–0 · Civil Rights · Overruled precedent · Struck down state law
Bolling v. Sharpe
May 17, 1954 · Decided 9–0 · Civil Rights · Declared federal law unconstitutional
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka
May 31, 1955 · Decided 9–0 · Civil Rights · Reversed and remanded
Carroll v. Lanza
Jun 6, 1955 · Decided 6–3 · Federalism · Reversed · Overruled precedent
United States ex rel. Toth v. Quarles
Nov 7, 1955 · Decided 6–3 · Civil Rights · Reversed · Declared federal law unconstitutional
Reid v. Covert
Jun 10, 1957 · Decided 6–2 · Civil Rights · Affirmed · Overruled precedent · Declared federal law unconstitutional
Vanderbilt v. Vanderbilt
Jun 24, 1957 · Decided 6–2 · Due Process · Affirmed · Overruled precedent
Trop v. Dulles
Mar 31, 1958 · Decided 5–4 · Civil Rights · Reversed and remanded · Declared federal law unconstitutional
Cooper v. Aaron
Sep 12, 1958 · Decided 9–0 · Civil Rights · Affirmed
Ladner v. United States
Dec 15, 1958 · Decided 8–1 · Criminal Procedure · Reversed and remanded · Overruled precedent
Kinsella v. United States ex rel. Singleton
Jan 18, 1960 · Decided 7–2 · Civil Rights · Affirmed · Declared federal law unconstitutional
Grisham v. Hagan
Jan 18, 1960 · Decided 7–2 · Civil Rights · Reversed · Declared federal law unconstitutional
McElroy v. United States ex rel. Guagliardo
Jan 18, 1960 · Decided 5–4 · Civil Rights · Affirmed · Declared federal law unconstitutional
Landmark means the Court overruled precedent, struck down a federal law, or the case is on a curated landmark list.

Fiscal3 files±0

fiscal/budgetThe federal budget
+861% real spendingOMB Historical Tables ↗
Fiscal year 1946 → fiscal year 2025 · inflation-adjusted with the GDP price index
Spending $55.2B
FY1946
Spending $7.01T
FY2025 · +12594% nominal · +861% after inflation
Revenue $39.3B
FY1946
Revenue $5.24T
FY2025 · +13226% nominal · +909% after inflation
Surplus / deficit −$15.9B
FY1946
Surplus / deficit −$1.77T
FY2025 · −$1.76T
Spending, % of GDP 24.2%
FY1946
Spending, % of GDP 23.1%
FY2025 · −1.1 pts
Debt held by the public, % of GDP 106.1%
FY1946
Debt held by the public, % of GDP 99.5%
FY2025 · −6.6 pts
Spending by function · real change
Social Security
$358M → $1.58T · +33317%
Health
$201M → $979B · +36745%
Net interest
$4.1B → $970B · +1686%
National Defense
$42.7B → $916B · +62%
Income Security
$2.4B → $702B · +2127%
Veterans Benefits and Services
$2.5B → $377B · +1058%
Transportation
$2.0B → $145B · +458%
Natural Resources and Environment
$482M → $89.8B · +1311%
Administration of Justice
$176M → $83.1B · +3475%
Community and Regional Development
$200M → $82.4B · +3017%
Education, Training, Employment, and Social Services
$85M → $72.0B · +6315%
Agriculture
$610M → $47.4B · +489%
International Affairs
$1.9B → $45.2B · +77%
General Science, Space, and Technology
$34M → $42.0B · +9242%
General Government
$825M → $40.5B · +272%
Energy
$41M → $20.8B · +3733%
A fiscal year still in progress has no actual figures yet, so the latest completed year is shown.
fiscal/debtTotal public debt outstanding
+$40.1TTreasury Fiscal Data ↗
$259B
as of Jun 30, 1945
$40.3T
as of Oct 14, 2026
fiscal/economyPrices and jobs
+1762% pricesBureau of Labor Statistics ↗
Prices rose 1762% · a dollar in Oct 1945 bought what $18.62 buys in Sep 2026
Consumer prices 18.1
CPI-U, Oct 1945
Consumer prices 336.9
CPI-U, Sep 2026 · +1762%
Latest monthly reading on or before each date. Prices are the Consumer Price Index for all urban consumers (from 1913); unemployment is the seasonally adjusted rate (from 1948).

Constitution & Union1 file+8

constitution/amendmentsAmendments & statehood
+8National Archives ↗
21 → 27 amendments in force · 48 → 50 states
Amendment XXII Presidential term limits
ratified Feb 27, 1951 · Limits a president to two elected terms.
Amendment XXIII Electoral votes for Washington, D.C.
ratified Mar 29, 1961 · Grants the District of Columbia electors in presidential elections.
Amendment XXIV Abolition of poll taxes in federal elections
ratified Jan 23, 1964 · Prohibits poll taxes in federal elections.
Amendment XXV Presidential succession and disability
ratified Feb 10, 1967 · Procedures for presidential succession, vice-presidential vacancies, and incapacity.
Amendment XXVI Voting age lowered to 18
ratified Jul 1, 1971 · Prohibits denying the vote to citizens 18 or older on account of age.
Amendment XXVII Congressional pay changes
ratified May 7, 1992 · Delays congressional pay changes until after the next House election. Proposed in 1789.
Alaska joins the Union
admitted Jan 3, 1959
Hawaii joins the Union
admitted Aug 21, 1959

Reverts1 file−571

revert/undoneWhat was undone
−571Federal Register · Congress.gov · SCDB ↗
335 executive orders revoked or superseded · 40 rules struck down by Congress · 196 Supreme Court precedents overruled
Trump revoked 110 orders: 80 by Biden, 18 by Obama, 6 by themselves, 4 by Clinton, 2 by Bush
Biden revoked 86 orders: 68 by Trump, 9 by Obama, 7 by themselves, 2 by Bush
Bush revoked 56 orders: 31 by Clinton, 25 by themselves
Obama revoked 51 orders: 27 by Bush, 19 by themselves, 5 by Clinton
Clinton revoked 32 orders: 32 by themselves
EO 14110 Safe, Secure, and Trustworthy Development and Use of Artificial Intelligence
signed Oct 30, 2023 by Biden · revoked Jan 20, 2025 by EO 14148 (Trump)
EO 14141 Advancing United States Leadership in Artificial Intelligence Infrastructure
signed Jan 14, 2025 by Biden · revoked Jul 23, 2025 by EO 14318 (Trump)
EO 12958 Classified National Security Information
signed Apr 17, 1995 by Clinton · revoked Dec 29, 2009 by EO 13526 (Obama)
EO 14074 Advancing Effective, Accountable Policing and Criminal Justice Practices To Enhance Public Trust and Public Safety
signed May 25, 2022 by Biden · revoked Jan 20, 2025 by EO 14148 (Trump)
EO 14008 Tackling the Climate Crisis at Home and Abroad
signed Jan 27, 2021 by Biden · revoked Jan 20, 2025 by EO 14148 (Trump)
EO 13693 Planning for Federal Sustainability in the Next Decade
signed Mar 19, 2015 by Obama · revoked May 17, 2018 by EO 13834 (Trump)
EO 14036 Promoting Competition in the American Economy
signed Jul 9, 2021 by Biden · revoked Aug 13, 2025 by EO 14337 (Trump)
EO 13148 Greening the Government Through Leadership in Environmental Management
signed Apr 21, 2000 by Clinton · revoked Jan 24, 2007 by EO 13423 (Bush)
EO 14081 Advancing Biotechnology and Biomanufacturing Innovation for a Sustainable, Safe, and Secure American Bioeconomy
signed Sep 12, 2022 by Biden · revoked Mar 14, 2025 by EO 14236 (Trump)
EO 14035 Diversity, Equity, Inclusion, and Accessibility in the Federal Workforce
signed Jun 25, 2021 by Biden · revoked Jan 20, 2025 by EO 14148 (Trump)
Show 325 more revoked orders
EO 14096 Revitalizing Our Nation's Commitment to Environmental Justice for All
signed Apr 21, 2023 by Biden · revoked Jan 20, 2025 by EO 14148 (Trump)
EO 13123 Greening the Government Through Efficient Energy Management
signed Jun 3, 1999 by Clinton · revoked Jan 24, 2007 by EO 13423 (Bush)
EO 14067 Ensuring Responsible Development of Digital Assets
signed Mar 9, 2022 by Biden · revoked Jan 23, 2025 by EO 14178 (Trump)
EO 13101 Greening the Government Through Waste Prevention, Recycling, and Federal Acquisition
signed Sep 14, 1998 by Clinton · revoked Jan 24, 2007 by EO 13423 (Bush)
EO 14057 Catalyzing Clean Energy Industries and Jobs Through Federal Sustainability
signed Dec 8, 2021 by Biden · revoked Jan 20, 2025 by EO 14148 (Trump)
EO 14091 Further Advancing Racial Equity and Support for Underserved Communities Through the Federal Government
signed Feb 16, 2023 by Biden · revoked Jan 20, 2025 by EO 14148 (Trump)
EO 13192 Lifting and Modifying Measures With Respect to the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro)
signed Jan 17, 2001 by Clinton · revoked May 28, 2003 by EO 13304 (Bush)
EO 13673 Fair Pay and Safe Workplaces
signed Jul 31, 2014 by Obama · revoked Mar 27, 2017 by EO 13782 (Trump)
EO 13807 Establishing Discipline and Accountability in the Environmental Review and Permitting Process for Infrastructure Projects
signed Aug 15, 2017 by Trump · revoked Jan 20, 2021 by EO 13990 (Biden)
EO 13950 Combating Race and Sex Stereotyping
signed Sep 22, 2020 by Trump · revoked Jan 20, 2021 by EO 13985 (Biden)
EO 13989 Ethics Commitments by Executive Branch Personnel
signed Jan 20, 2021 by Biden · revoked Jan 20, 2025 by EO 14148 (Trump)
EO 13990 Protecting Public Health and the Environment and Restoring Science To Tackle the Climate Crisis
signed Jan 20, 2021 by Biden · revoked Jan 20, 2025 by EO 14148 (Trump)
EO 14031 Advancing Equity, Justice, and Opportunity for Asian Americans, Native Hawaiians, and Pacific Islanders
signed May 28, 2021 by Biden · revoked Jan 20, 2025 by EO 14148 (Trump)
EO 14045 White House Initiative on Advancing Educational Equity, Excellence, and Economic Opportunity for Hispanics
signed Sep 13, 2021 by Biden · revoked Jan 20, 2025 by EO 14148 (Trump)
EO 14050 White House Initiative on Advancing Educational Equity, Excellence, and Economic Opportunity for Black Americans
signed Oct 19, 2021 by Biden · revoked Jan 20, 2025 by EO 14148 (Trump)
EO 14075 Advancing Equality for Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer, and Intersex Individuals
signed Jun 15, 2022 by Biden · revoked Jan 20, 2025 by EO 14148 (Trump)
EO 13011 Federal Information Technology
signed Jul 16, 1996 by Clinton · revoked May 12, 2006 by EO 13403 (Bush)
EO 13490 Ethics Commitments by Executive Branch Personnel
signed Jan 21, 2009 by Obama · revoked Jan 28, 2017 by EO 13770 (Trump)
EO 13653 Preparing the United States for the Impacts of Climate Change
signed Nov 1, 2013 by Obama · revoked Mar 28, 2017 by EO 13783 (Trump)
EO 13754 Northern Bering Sea Climate Resilience
signed Dec 9, 2016 by Obama · revoked Apr 28, 2017 by EO 13795 (Trump)
EO 13927 Accelerating the Nation's Economic Recovery From the COVID-19 Emergency by Expediting Infrastructure Investments and Other Activities
signed Jun 4, 2020 by Trump · revoked Jan 20, 2021 by EO 13990 (Biden)
EO 13836 Developing Efficient, Effective, and Cost- Reducing Approaches To Federal Sector Collective Bargaining
signed May 25, 2018 by Trump · revoked Jan 22, 2021 by EO 14003 (Biden)
EO 13837 Ensuring Transparency, Accountability, and Efficiency in Taxpayer-Funded Union Time Use
signed May 25, 2018 by Trump · revoked Jan 22, 2021 by EO 14003 (Biden)
EO 13967 Promoting Beautiful Federal Civic Architecture
signed Dec 18, 2020 by Trump · revoked Feb 24, 2021 by EO 14018 (Biden)
EO 13621 White House Initiative on Educational Excellence for African Americans
signed Jul 26, 2012 by Obama · revoked Oct 19, 2021 by EO 14050 (Biden)
EO 14013 Rebuilding and Enhancing Programs To Resettle Refugees and Planning for the Impact of Climate Change on Migration
signed Feb 4, 2021 by Biden · revoked Jan 20, 2025 by EO 14148 (Trump)
EO 14049 White House Initiative on Advancing Educational Equity, Excellence, and Economic Opportunity for Native Americans and Strengthening Tribal Colleges and Universities
signed Oct 11, 2021 by Biden · revoked Jan 20, 2025 by EO 14148 (Trump)
EO 14119 Scaling and Expanding the Use of Registered Apprenticeships in Industries and the Federal Government and Promoting Labor-Management Forums
signed Mar 6, 2024 by Biden · revoked Mar 14, 2025 by EO 14236 (Trump)
EO 14126 Investing in America and Investing in American Workers
signed Sep 6, 2024 by Biden · revoked Mar 14, 2025 by EO 14236 (Trump)
EO 13508 Chesapeake Bay Protection and Restoration
signed May 12, 2009 by Obama · revoked Sep 16, 2026 by EO 14428 (Trump)
EO 13149 Greening the Government Through Federal Fleet and Transportation Efficiency
signed Apr 21, 2000 by Clinton · revoked Jan 24, 2007 by EO 13423 (Bush)
EO 13233 Further Implementation of the Presidential Records Act
signed Nov 1, 2001 by Bush · revoked Jan 21, 2009 by EO 13489 (Obama)
EO 13423 Strengthening Federal Environmental, Energy, and Transportation Management
signed Jan 24, 2007 by Bush · revoked Mar 25, 2015 by EO 13693 (Obama)
EO 13768 Enhancing Public Safety in the Interior of the United States
signed Jan 25, 2017 by Trump · revoked Jan 20, 2021 by EO 13993 (Biden)
EO 13783 Promoting Energy Independence and Economic Growth
signed Mar 28, 2017 by Trump · revoked Jan 20, 2021 by EO 13990 (Biden)
EO 13868 Promoting Energy Infrastructure and Economic Growth
signed Apr 10, 2019 by Trump · revoked Jan 20, 2021 by EO 13990 (Biden)
EO 13880 Collecting Information About Citizenship Status in Connection With the Decennial Census
signed Jul 11, 2019 by Trump · revoked Jan 20, 2021 by EO 13986 (Biden)
EO 13892 Promoting the Rule of Law Through Transparency and Fairness in Civil Administrative Enforcement and Adjudication
signed Oct 9, 2019 by Trump · revoked Jan 20, 2021 by EO 13992 (Biden)
EO 13839 Promoting Accountability and Streamlining Removal Procedures Consistent With Merit System Principles
signed May 25, 2018 by Trump · revoked Jan 22, 2021 by EO 14003 (Biden)
EO 13957 Creating Schedule F in the Excepted Service
signed Oct 21, 2020 by Trump · revoked Jan 22, 2021 by EO 14003 (Biden)
EO 13767 Border Security and Immigration Enforcement Improvements
signed Jan 25, 2017 by Trump · revoked Feb 2, 2021 by EO 14010 (Biden)
EO 13845 Establishing the President's National Council for the American Worker
signed Jul 19, 2018 by Trump · revoked Apr 26, 2021 by EO 14025 (Biden)
EO 13925 Preventing Online Censorship
signed May 28, 2020 by Trump · revoked May 14, 2021 by EO 14029 (Biden)
EO 13872 Economic Empowerment of Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders
signed May 13, 2019 by Trump · revoked May 28, 2021 by EO 14031 (Biden)
EO 13985 Advancing Racial Equity and Support for Underserved Communities Through the Federal Government
signed Jan 20, 2021 by Biden · revoked Jan 20, 2025 by EO 14148 (Trump)
EO 14010 Creating a Comprehensive Regional Framework To Address the Causes of Migration, To Manage Migration Throughout North and Central America, and To Provide Safe and Orderly Processing of Asylum Seekers at the United States Border
signed Feb 2, 2021 by Biden · revoked Jan 20, 2025 by EO 14148 (Trump)
EO 14019 Promoting Access to Voting
signed Mar 7, 2021 by Biden · revoked Jan 20, 2025 by EO 14148 (Trump)
EO 14020 Establishment of the White House Gender Policy Council
signed Mar 8, 2021 by Biden · revoked Jan 20, 2025 by EO 14148 (Trump)
EO 14030 Climate-Related Financial Risk
signed May 20, 2021 by Biden · revoked Jan 20, 2025 by EO 14148 (Trump)
EO 14055 Nondisplacement of Qualified Workers Under Service Contracts
signed Nov 18, 2021 by Biden · revoked Jan 20, 2025 by EO 14148 (Trump)
EO 14072 Strengthening the Nation's Forests, Communities, and Local Economies
signed Apr 22, 2022 by Biden · revoked Jan 20, 2025 by EO 14154 (Trump)
EO 14124 White House Initiative on Advancing Educational Equity, Excellence, and Economic Opportunity Through Hispanic-Serving Institutions
signed Jul 17, 2024 by Biden · revoked Jan 20, 2025 by EO 14148 (Trump)
EO 12898 Federal Actions To Address Environmental Justice in Minority Populations and Low-Income Populations
signed Feb 11, 1994 by Clinton · revoked Jan 21, 2025 by EO 14173 (Trump)
EO 14112 Reforming Federal Funding and Support for Tribal Nations To Better Embrace Our Trust Responsibilities and Promote the Next Era of Tribal Self-Determination
signed Dec 6, 2023 by Biden · revoked Mar 14, 2025 by EO 14236 (Trump)
EO 14041 White House Initiative on Advancing Educational Equity, Excellence, and Economic Opportunity Through Historically Black Colleges and Universities
signed Sep 3, 2021 by Biden · revoked Apr 23, 2025 by EO 14283 (Trump)
EO 13134 Developing and Promoting Biobased Products and Bioenergy
signed Aug 12, 1999 by Clinton · revoked Sep 28, 2001 by EO 13225 (Bush)
EO 13021 Tribal Colleges and Universities
signed Oct 19, 1996 by Clinton · revoked Jul 3, 2002 by EO 13270 (Bush)
EO 13096 American Indian and Alaska Native Education
signed Aug 6, 1998 by Clinton · revoked Apr 30, 2004 by EO 13336 (Bush)
EO 13201 Notification of Employee Rights Concerning Payment of Union Dues or Fees
signed Feb 17, 2001 by Bush · revoked Jan 30, 2009 by EO 13496 (Obama)
EO 13532 Promoting Excellence, Innovation, and Sustainability at Historically Black Colleges and Universities
signed Feb 26, 2010 by Obama · revoked Feb 28, 2017 by EO 13779 (Trump)
EO 13690 Establishing a Federal Flood Risk Management Standard and a Process for Further Soliciting and Considering Stakeholder Input
signed Jan 30, 2015 by Obama · revoked Aug 15, 2017 by EO 13807 (Trump)
EO 13522 Creating Labor-Management Forums to Improve Delivery of Government Services
signed Dec 9, 2009 by Obama · revoked Sep 29, 2017 by EO 13812 (Trump)
EO 13958 Establishing the President's Advisory 1776 Commission
signed Nov 2, 2020 by Trump · revoked Jan 1, 2021 by EO 13985 (Biden)
EO 13795 Implementing an America-First Offshore Energy Strategy
signed Apr 28, 2017 by Trump · revoked Jan 20, 2021 by EO 13990 (Biden)
EO 13891 Promoting the Rule of Law Through Improved Agency Guidance Documents
signed Oct 9, 2019 by Trump · revoked Jan 20, 2021 by EO 13992 (Biden)
EO 13815 Resuming the United States Refugee Admissions Program With Enhanced Vetting Capabilities
signed Oct 24, 2017 by Trump · revoked Feb 4, 2021 by EO 14013 (Biden)
EO 13801 Expanding Apprenticeships in America
signed Jun 15, 2017 by Trump · revoked Feb 17, 2021 by EO 14016 (Biden)
EO 13828 Reducing Poverty in America by Promoting Opportunity and Economic Mobility
signed Apr 10, 2018 by Trump · revoked Feb 24, 2021 by EO 14018 (Biden)
EO 13924 Regulatory Relief To Support Economic Recovery
signed May 19, 2020 by Trump · revoked Feb 24, 2021 by EO 14018 (Biden)
EO 13658 Establishing a Minimum Wage for Contractors
signed Feb 12, 2014 by Obama · revoked Apr 27, 2021 by EO 14026 (Biden)
EO 13933 Protecting American Monuments, Memorials, and Statues and Combating Recent Criminal Violence
signed Jun 26, 2020 by Trump · revoked May 14, 2021 by EO 14029 (Biden)
EO 13978 Building the National Garden of American Heroes
signed Jan 18, 2021 by Trump · revoked May 14, 2021 by EO 14029 (Biden)
EO 13980 Protecting Americans From Overcriminalization Through Regulatory Reform
signed Jan 18, 2021 by Trump · revoked May 14, 2021 by EO 14029 (Biden)
EO 13515 Increasing Participation of Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders in Federal Programs
signed Oct 14, 2009 by Obama · revoked May 28, 2021 by EO 14031 (Biden)
EO 13935 White House Hispanic Prosperity Initiative
signed Jul 9, 2020 by Trump · revoked Sep 13, 2021 by EO 14045 (Biden)
EO 13803 Reviving the National Space Council
signed Jun 30, 2017 by Trump · revoked Dec 1, 2021 by EO 14056 (Biden)
EO 13929 Safe Policing for Safe Communities
signed Jun 16, 2020 by Trump · revoked May 25, 2022 by EO 14074 (Biden)
EO 13853 Establishing the White House Opportunity and Revitalization Council
signed Dec 12, 2018 by Trump · revoked Feb 16, 2023 by EO 14091 (Biden)
EO 13995 Ensuring an Equitable Pandemic Response and Recovery
signed Jan 21, 2021 by Biden · revoked Jan 20, 2025 by EO 14148 (Trump)
EO 14000 Supporting the Reopening and Continuing Operation of Schools and Early Childhood Education Providers
signed Jan 21, 2021 by Biden · revoked Jan 20, 2025 by EO 14148 (Trump)
EO 14012 Restoring Faith in Our Legal Immigration Systems and Strengthening Integration and Inclusion Efforts for New Americans
signed Feb 2, 2021 by Biden · revoked Jan 20, 2025 by EO 14148 (Trump)
EO 14082 Implementation of the Energy and Infrastructure Provisions of the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022
signed Sep 12, 2022 by Biden · revoked Jan 20, 2025 by EO 14148 (Trump)
EO 14084 Promoting the Arts, the Humanities, and Museum and Library Services
signed Sep 30, 2022 by Biden · revoked Jan 20, 2025 by EO 14148 (Trump)
EO 14115 Imposing Certain Sanctions on Persons Undermining Peace, Security, and Stability in the West Bank
signed Feb 1, 2024 by Biden · revoked Jan 20, 2025 by EO 14148 (Trump)
EO 14026 Increasing the Minimum Wage for Federal Contractors
signed Apr 27, 2021 by Biden · revoked Mar 14, 2025 by EO 14236 (Trump)
EO 14056 The National Space Council
signed Dec 1, 2021 by Biden · revoked Dec 18, 2025 by EO 14369 (Trump)
EO 12900 Educational Excellence for Hispanic Americans
signed Feb 22, 1994 by Clinton · revoked Oct 12, 2001 by EO 13230 (Bush)
EO 12975 Protection of Human Research Subjects and Creation of National Bioethics Advisory Commission
signed Oct 3, 1995 by Clinton · revoked Sep 17, 2003 by EO 13316 (Bush)
EO 13440 Interpretation of the Geneva Conventions Common Article 3 as Applied to a Program of Detention and Interrogation Operated by the Central Intelligence Agency
signed Jul 20, 2007 by Bush · revoked Jan 22, 2009 by EO 13491 (Obama)
EO 13435 Expanding Approved Stem Cell Lines in Ethically Responsible Ways
signed Jun 20, 2007 by Bush · revoked Mar 9, 2009 by EO 13505 (Obama)
EO 13125 Increasing Participation of Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders in Federal Programs
signed Jun 7, 1999 by Clinton · revoked Oct 14, 2009 by EO 13515 (Obama)
EO 13339 Increasing Economic Opportunity and Business Participation of Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders
signed May 13, 2004 by Bush · revoked Oct 14, 2009 by EO 13515 (Obama)
EO 13237 Creation of the President's Council on Bioethics
signed Nov 28, 2001 by Bush · revoked Nov 24, 2009 by EO 13521 (Obama)
EO 13256 President's Board of Advisors on Historically Black Colleges and Universities
signed Feb 12, 2002 by Bush · revoked Feb 26, 2010 by EO 13532 (Obama)
EO 13366 Committee on Ocean Policy
signed Dec 17, 2004 by Bush · revoked Jul 19, 2010 by EO 13547 (Obama)
EO 13575 Establishment of the White House Rural Council
signed Jun 9, 2011 by Obama · revoked Apr 25, 2017 by EO 13790 (Trump)
EO 13688 Federal Support for Local Law Enforcement Equipment Acquisition
signed Jan 16, 2015 by Obama · revoked Aug 28, 2017 by EO 13809 (Trump)
EO 12993 Administrative Allegations Against Inspectors General
signed Mar 21, 1996 by Clinton · revoked Sep 29, 2017 by EO 13811 (Trump)
EO 13545 President's Council on Fitness, Sports, and Nutrition
signed Jun 22, 2010 by Obama · revoked Feb 26, 2018 by EO 13824 (Trump)
EO 13337 Issuance of Permits With Respect to Certain Energy-Related Facilities and Land Transportation Crossings on the International Boundaries of the United States
signed Apr 30, 2004 by Bush · revoked Apr 10, 2019 by EO 13867 (Trump)
EO 13771 Reducing Regulation and Controlling Regulatory Costs
signed Jan 30, 2017 by Trump · revoked Jan 20, 2021 by EO 13992 (Biden)
EO 13777 Enforcing the Regulatory Reform Agenda
signed Feb 24, 2017 by Trump · revoked Jan 20, 2021 by EO 13992 (Biden)
EO 13792 Review of Designations Under the Antiquities Act
signed Apr 26, 2017 by Trump · revoked Jan 20, 2021 by EO 13990 (Biden)
EO 13875 Evaluating and Improving the Utility of Federal Advisory Committees
signed Jun 14, 2019 by Trump · revoked Jan 20, 2021 by EO 13992 (Biden)
EO 13788 Buy American and Hire American
signed Apr 18, 2017 by Trump · revoked Jan 25, 2021 by EO 14005 (Biden)
EO 13858 Strengthening Buy-American Preferences for Infrastructure Projects
signed Jan 31, 2019 by Trump · revoked Jan 25, 2021 by EO 14006 (Biden)
EO 13881 Maximizing Use of American-Made Goods, Products, and Materials
signed Jul 15, 2019 by Trump · revoked Jan 25, 2021 by EO 14005 (Biden)
EO 13895 President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology
signed Oct 22, 2019 by Trump · revoked Jan 27, 2021 by EO 14007 (Biden)
EO 13813 Promoting Healthcare Choice and Competition Across the United States
signed Oct 12, 2017 by Trump · revoked Jan 28, 2021 by EO 14009 (Biden)
EO 13831 Establishment of a White House Faith and Opportunity Initiative
signed May 3, 2018 by Trump · revoked Feb 14, 2021 by EO 14015 (Biden)
EO 13979 Ensuring Democratic Accountability in Agency Rulemaking
signed Jan 18, 2021 by Trump · revoked Feb 24, 2021 by EO 14018 (Biden)
EO 13964 Rebranding United States Foreign Assistance To Advance American Influence
signed Dec 10, 2020 by Trump · revoked May 14, 2021 by EO 14029 (Biden)
EO 13942 Addressing the Threat Posed by TikTok, and Taking Additional Steps To Address the National Emergency With Respect to the Information and Communications Technology and Services Supply Chain
signed Aug 6, 2020 by Trump · revoked Jun 9, 2021 by EO 14034 (Biden)
EO 13943 Addressing the Threat Posed by WeChat, and Taking Additional Steps To Address the National Emergency With Respect to the Information and Communications Technology and Services Supply Chain
signed Aug 6, 2020 by Trump · revoked Jun 9, 2021 by EO 14034 (Biden)
EO 13971 Addressing the Threat Posed by Applications and Other Software Developed or Controlled by Chinese Companies
signed Jan 5, 2021 by Trump · revoked Jun 9, 2021 by EO 14034 (Biden)
EO 13502 Use of Project Labor Agreements for Federal Construction Projects
signed Feb 6, 2009 by Obama · revoked Feb 4, 2022 by EO 14063 (Biden)
EO 13986 Ensuring a Lawful and Accurate Enumeration and Apportionment Pursuant to the Decennial Census
signed Jan 20, 2021 by Biden · revoked Jan 20, 2025 by EO 14148 (Trump)
EO 13987 Organizing and Mobilizing the United States Government To Provide a Unified and Effective Response To Combat COVID-19 and To Provide United States Leadership on Global Health and Security
signed Jan 20, 2021 by Biden · revoked Jan 20, 2025 by EO 14148 (Trump)
EO 13988 Preventing and Combating Discrimination on the Basis of Gender Identity or Sexual Orientation
signed Jan 20, 2021 by Biden · revoked Jan 20, 2025 by EO 14148 (Trump)
EO 13996 Establishing the COVID-19 Pandemic Testing Board and Ensuring a Sustainable Public Health Workforce for COVID-19 and Other Biological Threats
signed Jan 21, 2021 by Biden · revoked Jan 20, 2025 by EO 14148 (Trump)
EO 13997 Improving and Expanding Access to Care and Treatments for COVID-19
signed Jan 21, 2021 by Biden · revoked Jan 20, 2025 by EO 14148 (Trump)
EO 13999 Protecting Worker Health and Safety
signed Jan 21, 2021 by Biden · revoked Jan 20, 2025 by EO 14148 (Trump)
EO 14003 Protecting the Federal Workforce
signed Jan 22, 2021 by Biden · revoked Jan 20, 2025 by EO 14148 (Trump)
EO 14004 Enabling All Qualified Americans To Serve Their Country in Uniform
signed Jan 25, 2021 by Biden · revoked Jan 20, 2025 by EO 14148 (Trump)
EO 14007 President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology
signed Jan 27, 2021 by Biden · revoked Jan 20, 2025 by EO 14148 (Trump)
EO 14009 Strengthening Medicaid and the Affordable Care Act
signed Jan 28, 2021 by Biden · revoked Jan 20, 2025 by EO 14148 (Trump)
EO 14011 Establishment of Interagency Task Force on the Reunification of Families
signed Feb 2, 2021 by Biden · revoked Jan 20, 2025 by EO 14148 (Trump)
EO 14015 Establishment of the White House Office of Faith- Based and Neighborhood Partnerships
signed Feb 14, 2021 by Biden · revoked Jan 20, 2025 by EO 14148 (Trump)
EO 14037 Strengthening American Leadership in Clean Cars and Trucks
signed Aug 5, 2021 by Biden · revoked Jan 20, 2025 by EO 14148 (Trump)
EO 14070 Continuing To Strengthen Americans' Access to Affordable, Quality Health Coverage
signed Apr 5, 2022 by Biden · revoked Jan 20, 2025 by EO 14148 (Trump)
EO 14089 Establishing the President's Advisory Council on African Diaspora Engagement in the United States
signed Dec 13, 2022 by Biden · revoked Jan 20, 2025 by EO 14148 (Trump)
EO 14094 Modernizing Regulatory Review
signed Apr 6, 2023 by Biden · revoked Jan 20, 2025 by EO 14148 (Trump)
EO 14143 Providing for the Appointment of Alumni of AmeriCorps to the Competitive Service
signed Jan 16, 2025 by Biden · revoked Jan 20, 2025 by EO 14148 (Trump)
EO 13583 Establishing a Coordinated Government-Wide Initiative to Promote Diversity and Inclusion in the Federal Workforce
signed Aug 18, 2011 by Obama · revoked Jan 21, 2025 by EO 14173 (Trump)
EO 14076 Protecting Access to Reproductive Healthcare Services
signed Jul 8, 2022 by Biden · revoked Jan 24, 2025 by EO 14182 (Trump)
EO 14079 Securing Access to Reproductive and Other Healthcare Services
signed Aug 3, 2022 by Biden · revoked Jan 24, 2025 by EO 14182 (Trump)
EO 13994 Ensuring a Data-Driven Response to COVID-19 and Future High-Consequence Public Health Threats
signed Jan 21, 2021 by Biden · revoked Mar 14, 2025 by EO 14236 (Trump)
EO 13174 Commission on Workers, Communities, and Economic Change in the New Economy
signed Oct 27, 2000 by Clinton · revoked Jun 20, 2001 by EO 13218 (Bush)
EO 13075 Special Oversight Board for Department of Defense Investigations of Gulf War Chemical and Biological Incidents
signed Feb 19, 1998 by Clinton · revoked Sep 28, 2001 by EO 13225 (Bush)
EO 13080 American Heritage Rivers Initiative Advisory Committee
signed Apr 7, 1998 by Clinton · revoked Sep 28, 2001 by EO 13225 (Bush)
EO 13090 President's Commission on the Celebration of Women in American History
signed Jun 29, 1998 by Clinton · revoked Sep 28, 2001 by EO 13225 (Bush)
EO 13168 President's Commission on Improving Economic Opportunity in Communities Dependent on Tobacco Production While Protecting Public Health
signed Sep 22, 2000 by Clinton · revoked Sep 28, 2001 by EO 13225 (Bush)
EO 13130 National Infrastructure Assurance Council
signed Jul 14, 1999 by Clinton · revoked Oct 16, 2001 by EO 13231 (Bush)
EO 13147 White House Commission on Complementary and Alternative Medicine Policy
signed Mar 7, 2000 by Clinton · revoked Sep 17, 2003 by EO 13316 (Bush)
EO 13194 Prohibiting the Importation of Rough Diamonds From Sierra Leone
signed Jan 18, 2001 by Clinton · revoked Jan 15, 2004 by EO 13324 (Bush)
EO 13000 Order of Succession of Officers To Act as Secretary of Defense
signed Apr 24, 1996 by Clinton · revoked Dec 22, 2005 by EO 13394 (Bush)
EO 13176 Facilitation of a Presidential Transition
signed Nov 27, 2000 by Clinton · revoked Oct 9, 2008 by EO 13476 (Bush)
EO 13258 Amending Executive Order 12866 on Regulatory Planning and Review
signed Feb 26, 2002 by Bush · revoked Jan 30, 2009 by EO 13497 (Obama)
EO 13202 Preservation of Open Competition and Government Neutrality Towards Government Contractors'Labor Relations on Federal and Federally Funded Construction Projects
signed Feb 17, 2001 by Bush · revoked Feb 6, 2009 by EO 13502 (Obama)
EO 13394 Providing an Order of Succession Within the Department of Defense
signed Dec 22, 2005 by Bush · revoked Mar 1, 2010 by EO 13533 (Obama)
EO 13299 Interagency Group on Insular Areas
signed May 12, 2003 by Bush · revoked Apr 14, 2010 by EO 13537 (Obama)
EO 13226 President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology
signed Sep 30, 2001 by Bush · revoked Apr 21, 2010 by EO 13539 (Obama)
EO 13241 Providing an Order of Succession Within the Department of Agriculture
signed Dec 18, 2001 by Bush · revoked May 13, 2010 by EO 13542 (Obama)
EO 13481 Providing An Order of Succession Within the Department of Justice
signed Dec 9, 2008 by Bush · revoked Nov 4, 2010 by EO 13557 (Obama)
EO 13162 Federal Career Intern Program
signed Jul 6, 2000 by Clinton · revoked Dec 27, 2010 by EO 13562 (Obama)
EO 13318 Presidential Management Fellows Program
signed Nov 21, 2003 by Bush · revoked Dec 27, 2010 by EO 13562 (Obama)
EO 12941 Seismic Safety of Existing Federally Owned or Leased Buildings
signed Dec 1, 1994 by Clinton · revoked Feb 2, 2016 by EO 13717 (Obama)
EO 13047 Prohibiting New Investment in Burma
signed May 20, 1997 by Clinton · revoked Oct 7, 2016 by EO 13742 (Obama)
EO 13762 Providing an Order of Succession Within the Department of Justice
signed Jan 13, 2017 by Obama · revoked Feb 9, 2017 by EO 13775 (Trump)
EO 13533 Providing an Order of Succession Within the Department of Defense
signed Mar 1, 2010 by Obama · revoked Dec 10, 2020 by EO 13963 (Trump)
EO 13766 Expediting Environmental Reviews and Approvals for High Priority Infrastructure Projects
signed Jan 24, 2017 by Trump · revoked Jan 20, 2021 by EO 13990 (Biden)
EO 13778 Restoring the Rule of Law, Federalism, and Economic Growth by Reviewing the "Waters of the United States" Rule
signed Feb 28, 2017 by Trump · revoked Jan 20, 2021 by EO 13990 (Biden)
EO 13893 Increasing Government Accountability for Administrative Actions by Reinvigorating Administrative PAYGO
signed Oct 10, 2019 by Trump · revoked Jan 20, 2021 by EO 13992 (Biden)
EO 13975 Encouraging Buy American Policies for the United States Postal Service
signed Jan 14, 2021 by Trump · revoked Jan 25, 2021 by EO 14006 (Biden)
EO 13765 Minimizing the Economic Burden of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act Pending Repeal
signed Jan 20, 2017 by Trump · revoked Jan 28, 2021 by EO 14009 (Biden)
EO 13841 Affording Congress an Opportunity To Address Family Separation
signed Jun 20, 2018 by Trump · revoked Feb 2, 2021 by EO 14011 (Biden)
EO 13888 Enhancing State and Local Involvement in Refugee Resettlement
signed Sep 26, 2019 by Trump · revoked Feb 4, 2021 by EO 14013 (Biden)
EO 13772 Core Principles for Regulating the United States Financial System
signed Feb 3, 2017 by Trump · revoked Feb 24, 2021 by EO 14018 (Biden)
EO 13838 Exemption From Executive Order 13658 for Recreational Services on Federal Lands
signed May 25, 2018 by Trump · revoked Apr 27, 2021 by EO 14026 (Biden)
EO 13974 Amending Executive Order 13959Addressing the Threat From Securities Investments That Finance Communist Chinese Military Companies
signed Jan 13, 2021 by Trump · revoked Jun 3, 2021 by EO 14032 (Biden)
EO 13897 Improving Federal Contractor Operations by Revoking Executive Order 13495
signed Oct 31, 2019 by Trump · revoked Nov 18, 2021 by EO 14055 (Biden)
EO 13906 Amending Executive Order 13803Reviving the National Space Council
signed Feb 13, 2020 by Trump · revoked Dec 1, 2021 by EO 14056 (Biden)
EO 13885 Establishing the National Quantum Initiative Advisory Committee
signed Aug 30, 2019 by Trump · revoked May 4, 2022 by EO 14073 (Biden)
EO 13809 Restoring State, Tribal, and Local Law Enforcement's Access to Life-Saving Equipment and Resources
signed Aug 28, 2017 by Trump · revoked May 25, 2022 by EO 14074 (Biden)
EO 13946 Targeting Opportunity Zones and Other Distressed Communities for Federal Site Locations
signed Aug 24, 2020 by Trump · revoked Feb 16, 2023 by EO 14091 (Biden)
EO 13812 Revocation of Executive Order Creating Labor- Management Forums
signed Sep 29, 2017 by Trump · revoked Mar 6, 2024 by EO 14119 (Biden)
EO 13910 Preventing Hoarding of Health and Medical Resources To Respond to the Spread of COVID-19
signed Mar 23, 2020 by Trump · revoked Apr 12, 2024 by EO 14122 (Biden)
EO 13612 Providing an Order of Succession Within the Department of Agriculture
signed May 21, 2012 by Obama · revoked Jan 3, 2025 by EO 14134 (Biden)
EO 13615 Providing an Order of Succession Within the Office of Management and Budget
signed May 21, 2012 by Obama · revoked Jan 3, 2025 by EO 14138 (Biden)
EO 13735 Providing an Order of Succession Within the Department of the Treasury
signed Aug 12, 2016 by Obama · revoked Jan 3, 2025 by EO 14137 (Biden)
EO 13753 Amending the Order of Succession in the Department of Homeland Security
signed Dec 9, 2016 by Obama · revoked Jan 3, 2025 by EO 14135 (Biden)
EO 13787 Providing an Order of Succession Within the Department of Justice
signed Mar 31, 2017 by Trump · revoked Jan 3, 2025 by EO 14136 (Biden)
EO 13992 Revocation of Certain Executive Orders Concerning Federal Regulation
signed Jan 20, 2021 by Biden · revoked Jan 20, 2025 by EO 14148 (Trump)
EO 13993 Revision of Civil Immigration Enforcement Policies and Priorities
signed Jan 20, 2021 by Biden · revoked Jan 20, 2025 by EO 14148 (Trump)
EO 14002 Economic Relief Related to the COVID-19 Pandemic
signed Jan 22, 2021 by Biden · revoked Jan 20, 2025 by EO 14148 (Trump)
EO 14006 Reforming Our Incarceration System To Eliminate the Use of Privately Operated Criminal Detention Facilities
signed Jan 26, 2021 by Biden · revoked Jan 20, 2025 by EO 14148 (Trump)
EO 14018 Revocation of Certain Presidential Actions
signed Feb 24, 2021 by Biden · revoked Jan 20, 2025 by EO 14148 (Trump)
EO 14021 Guaranteeing an Educational Environment Free From Discrimination on the Basis of Sex, Including Sexual Orientation or Gender Identity
signed Mar 8, 2021 by Biden · revoked Jan 20, 2025 by EO 14148 (Trump)
EO 14023 Establishment of the Presidential Commission on the Supreme Court of the United States
signed Apr 9, 2021 by Biden · revoked Jan 20, 2025 by EO 14148 (Trump)
EO 14027 Establishment of the Climate Change Support Office
signed May 7, 2021 by Biden · revoked Jan 20, 2025 by EO 14148 (Trump)
EO 14052 Implementation of the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act
signed Nov 15, 2021 by Biden · revoked Jan 20, 2025 by EO 14148 (Trump)
EO 14069 Advancing Economy, Efficiency, and Effectiveness in Federal Contracting by Promoting Pay Equity and Transparency
signed Mar 15, 2022 by Biden · revoked Jan 20, 2025 by EO 14148 (Trump)
EO 14087 Lowering Prescription Drug Costs for Americans
signed Oct 14, 2022 by Biden · revoked Jan 20, 2025 by EO 14148 (Trump)
EO 14099 Moving Beyond COVID-19 Vaccination Requirements for Federal Workers
signed May 9, 2023 by Biden · revoked Jan 20, 2025 by EO 14148 (Trump)
EO 14134 Providing an Order of Succession Within the Department of Agriculture
signed Jan 3, 2025 by Biden · revoked Jan 20, 2025 by EO 14148 (Trump)
EO 14135 Providing an Order of Succession Within the Department of Homeland Security
signed Jan 3, 2025 by Biden · revoked Jan 20, 2025 by EO 14148 (Trump)
EO 14136 Providing an Order of Succession Within the Department of Justice
signed Jan 3, 2025 by Biden · revoked Jan 20, 2025 by EO 14148 (Trump)
EO 14137 Providing an Order of Succession Within the Department of the Treasury
signed Jan 3, 2025 by Biden · revoked Jan 20, 2025 by EO 14148 (Trump)
EO 14138 Providing an Order of Succession Within the Office of Management and Budget
signed Jan 3, 2025 by Biden · revoked Jan 20, 2025 by EO 14148 (Trump)
EO 14139 Providing an Order of Succession Within the Office of the National Cyber Director
signed Jan 3, 2025 by Biden · revoked Jan 20, 2025 by EO 14148 (Trump)
EO 13166 Improving Access to Services for Persons With Limited English Proficiency
signed Aug 11, 2000 by Clinton · revoked Mar 1, 2025 by EO 14224 (Trump)
EO 13006 Locating Federal Facilities on Historic Properties in Our Nation's Central Cities
signed May 21, 1996 by Clinton · revoked Apr 15, 2025 by EO 14274 (Trump)
EO 12907 Amending Executive Order No. 12882
signed Apr 14, 1994 by Clinton · revoked Sep 30, 2001 by EO 13226 (Bush)
EO 13204 Revocation of Executive Order on Nondisplacement of Qualified Workers Under Certain Contracts
signed Feb 17, 2001 by Bush · revoked Jan 30, 2009 by EO 13495 (Obama)
EO 13931 Continuing the President's National Council for the American Worker and the American Workforce Policy Advisory Board
signed Jun 26, 2020 by Trump · revoked Apr 26, 2021 by EO 14025 (Biden)
EO 14044 Amending Executive Order 14007
signed Sep 13, 2021 by Biden · revoked Jan 20, 2025 by EO 14148 (Trump)
EO 13292 Further Amendment to Executive Order 12958, as Amended, Classified National Security Information
signed Mar 25, 2003 by Bush · revoked Dec 29, 2009 by EO 13526 (Obama)
EO 13970 Adjustments of Certain Rates of Pay
signed Dec 31, 2020 by Trump · revoked Dec 22, 2021 by EO 14061 (Biden)
EO 13483 Adjustments of Certain Rates of Pay
signed Dec 18, 2008 by Bush · revoked Dec 23, 2009 by EO 13525 (Obama)
EO 13756 Adjustments of Certain Rates of Pay
signed Dec 27, 2016 by Obama · revoked Dec 22, 2017 by EO 13819 (Trump)
EO 13182 Adjustments of Certain Rates of Pay
signed Dec 23, 2000 by Clinton · revoked Dec 28, 2001 by EO 13249 (Bush)
EO 13391 Blocking Property of Additional Persons Undermining Democratic Processes or Institutions in Zimbabwe
signed Nov 22, 2005 by Bush · revoked Mar 4, 2024 by EO 14118 (Biden)
EO 13348 Blocking Property of Certain Persons and Prohibiting the Importation of Certain Goods from Liberia
signed Jul 22, 2004 by Bush · revoked Nov 12, 2015 by EO 13710 (Obama)
EO 13396 Blocking Property of Certain Persons Contributing to the Conflict in Côte d'Ivoire
signed Feb 7, 2006 by Bush · revoked Sep 14, 2016 by EO 13739 (Obama)
EO 13310 Blocking Property of the Government of Burma and Prohibiting Certain Transactions
signed Jul 28, 2003 by Bush · revoked Oct 7, 2016 by EO 13742 (Obama)
EO 13448 Blocking Property and Prohibiting Certain Transactions Related to Burma
signed Oct 18, 2007 by Bush · revoked Oct 7, 2016 by EO 13742 (Obama)
EO 13928 Blocking Property of Certain Persons Associated With the International Criminal Court
signed Jun 11, 2020 by Trump · revoked Apr 1, 2021 by EO 14022 (Biden)
EO 13712 Blocking Property of Certain Persons Contributing to the Situation in Burundi
signed Nov 22, 2015 by Obama · revoked Nov 18, 2021 by EO 14054 (Biden)
EO 13338 Blocking Property of Certain Persons and Prohibiting the Export of Certain Goods to Syria
signed May 11, 2004 by Bush · revoked Jun 30, 2025 by EO 14312 (Trump)
EO 13138 Continuance of Certain Federal Advisory Committees
signed Sep 30, 1999 by Clinton · revoked Sep 28, 2001 by EO 13225 (Bush)
EO 13088 Blocking Property of the Governments of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro), the Republic of Serbia, and the Republic of Montenegro, and Prohibiting New Investment in the Republic of Serbia in Response to the Situation in Kosovo
signed Jun 9, 1998 by Clinton · revoked May 28, 2003 by EO 13304 (Bush)
EO 13422 Further Amendment to Executive Order 12866 on Regulatory Planning and Review
signed Jan 18, 2007 by Bush · revoked Jan 30, 2009 by EO 13497 (Obama)
EO 13464 Blocking Property and Prohibiting Certain Transactions Related to Burma
signed Apr 30, 2008 by Bush · revoked Oct 7, 2016 by EO 13742 (Obama)
EO 13889 Continuance of Certain Federal Advisory Committees
signed Sep 27, 2019 by Trump · revoked May 28, 2021 by EO 14031 (Biden)
EO 13469 Blocking Property of Additional Persons Undermining Democratic Processes or Institutions in Zimbabwe
signed Jul 25, 2008 by Bush · revoked Mar 4, 2024 by EO 14118 (Biden)
EO 13098 Blocking Property of UNITA and ProhibitingCertain Transactions With Respect to UNITA
signed Aug 18, 1998 by Clinton · revoked May 6, 2003 by EO 13298 (Bush)
EO 12934 Blocking Property and Additional Measures With Respect to the Bosnian Serb-Controlled Areas of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina
signed Oct 25, 1994 by Clinton · revoked May 28, 2003 by EO 13304 (Bush)
EO 13121 Blocking Property of the Governments of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro), the Republic of Serbia, and the Republic of Montenegro, and Prohibiting Trade Transactions Involving the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro) in Response to the Situation in Kosovo
signed Apr 30, 1999 by Clinton · revoked May 28, 2003 by EO 13304 (Bush)
EO 13028 Further Amendments to Executive Order No. 12757 Implementation of the Enterprise for the Americas Initiative
signed Dec 3, 1996 by Clinton · revoked Jul 8, 2004 by EO 13345 (Bush)
EO 13131 Further Amendments to Executive Order 12757, Implementation of the Enterprise for the Americas Initiative
signed Jul 22, 1999 by Clinton · revoked Jul 8, 2004 by EO 13345 (Bush)
EO 13208 Amendment to Executive Order 13202, Preservation of Open Competition and Government Neutrality Towards Government Contractors' Labor Relations on Federal and Federally Funded Construction Projects
signed Apr 6, 2001 by Bush · revoked Feb 6, 2009 by EO 13502 (Obama)
EO 13738 Amendment to Executive Order 13673
signed Aug 23, 2016 by Obama · revoked Mar 28, 2017 by EO 13783 (Trump)
EO 14022 Termination of Emergency With Respect to the International Criminal Court
signed Apr 1, 2021 by Biden · revoked Jan 20, 2025 by EO 14148 (Trump)
EO 14029 Revocation of Certain Presidential Actions and Technical Amendment
signed May 14, 2021 by Biden · revoked Jan 20, 2025 by EO 14148 (Trump)
EO 13672 Further Amendments to Executive Order 11478, Equal Employment Opportunity in the Federal Government, and Executive Order 11246, Equal Employment Opportunity
signed Jul 21, 2014 by Obama · revoked Jan 21, 2025 by EO 14173 (Trump)
EO 12998 Amendment to Executive Order No. 11880
signed Apr 5, 1996 by Clinton · revoked Dec 18, 2001 by EO 13242 (Bush)
EO 13514 Federal Leadership in Environmental, Energy, and Economic Performance
signed Oct 5, 2009 by Obama · revoked Mar 25, 2015 by EO 13693 (Obama)
EO 12902 Energy Efficiency and Water Conservation at Federal Facilities
signed Mar 8, 1994 by Clinton · revoked Jun 3, 1999 by EO 13123 (Clinton)
EO 13645 Authorizing the Implementation of Certain Sanctions Set Forth in the Iran Freedom and Counter- Proliferation Act of 2012 and Additional Sanctions With Respect To Iran
signed Jun 3, 2013 by Obama · revoked Jan 16, 2016 by EO 13716 (Obama)
EO 13622 Authorizing Additional Sanctions With Respect to Iran
signed Jul 30, 2012 by Obama · revoked Jan 16, 2016 by EO 13716 (Obama)
EO 13355 Strengthened Management of the Intelligence Community
signed Aug 27, 2004 by Bush · revoked Jul 30, 2008 by EO 13470 (Bush)
EO 13083 Federalism
signed May 14, 1998 by Clinton · revoked Aug 4, 1999 by EO 13132 (Clinton)
EO 12969 Federal Acquisition and Community Right-To-Know
signed Aug 8, 1995 by Clinton · revoked Apr 21, 2000 by EO 13148 (Clinton)
EO 13356 Strengthening the Sharing of Terrorism Information To Protect Americans
signed Aug 27, 2004 by Bush · revoked Oct 25, 2005 by EO 13388 (Bush)
EO 13354 National Counterterrorism Center
signed Aug 27, 2004 by Bush · revoked Jul 30, 2008 by EO 13470 (Bush)
EO 13590 Authorizing the Imposition of Certain Sanctions With Respect to the Provision of Goods, Services, Technology, or Support for Iran's Energy and Petrochemical Sectors
signed Nov 20, 2011 by Obama · revoked Jan 16, 2016 by EO 13716 (Obama)
EO 13602 Establishing a White House Council on Strong Cities, Strong Communities
signed Mar 15, 2012 by Obama · revoked Nov 16, 2016 by EO 13748 (Obama)
EO 13934 Building and Rebuilding Monuments to American Heroes
signed Jul 3, 2020 by Trump · revoked Jan 18, 2021 by EO 13978 (Trump)
EO 14042 Ensuring Adequate COVID Safety Protocols for Federal Contractors
signed Sep 9, 2021 by Biden · revoked May 9, 2023 by EO 14099 (Biden)
EO 13991 Protecting the Federal Workforce and Requiring Mask-Wearing
signed Jan 20, 2021 by Biden · revoked Apr 12, 2024 by EO 14122 (Biden)
EO 13998 Promoting COVID-19 Safety in Domestic and International Travel
signed Jan 21, 2021 by Biden · revoked Apr 12, 2024 by EO 14122 (Biden)
EO 12891 Advisory Committee on Human Radiation Experiments
signed Jan 15, 1994 by Clinton · revoked Sep 29, 1997 by EO 13062 (Clinton)
EO 13031 Federal Alternative Fueled Vehicle Leadership
signed Dec 13, 1996 by Clinton · revoked Apr 21, 2000 by EO 13149 (Clinton)
EO 13084 Consultation and Coordination With Indian Tribal Governments
signed May 14, 1998 by Clinton · revoked Nov 6, 2000 by EO 13175 (Clinton)
EO 13227 President's Commission on Excellence in Special Education
signed Oct 2, 2001 by Bush · revoked Sep 17, 2003 by EO 13316 (Bush)
EO 13328 Commission on the Intelligence Capabilities of the United States Regarding Weapons of Mass Destruction
signed Feb 6, 2004 by Bush · revoked Sep 29, 2005 by EO 13385 (Bush)
EO 13381 Strengthening Processes Relating to Determining Eligibility for Access to Classified National Security Information
signed Jun 27, 2005 by Bush · revoked Jun 30, 2008 by EO 13467 (Bush)
EO 13507 Establishment of the White House Office of Health Reform
signed Apr 8, 2009 by Obama · revoked Apr 5, 2011 by EO 13569 (Obama)
EO 13509 Establishing a White House Council on Automotive Communities and Workers
signed Jun 23, 2009 by Obama · revoked Jul 6, 2011 by EO 13578 (Obama)
EO 13574 Authorizing the Implementation of Certain Sanctions Set Forth in the Iran Sanctions Act of 1996, as Amended
signed May 23, 2011 by Obama · revoked Jan 16, 2016 by EO 13716 (Obama)
EO 13584 Developing an Integrated Strategic Counterterrorism Communications Initiative and Establishing a Temporary Organization to Support Certain Government-wide Communications Activities Directed Abroad
signed Sep 9, 2011 by Obama · revoked Mar 14, 2016 by EO 13721 (Obama)
EO 13805 Establishing a Presidential Advisory Council on Infrastructure
signed Jul 19, 2017 by Trump · revoked Sep 29, 2017 by EO 13811 (Trump)
EO 14237 Addressing Risks From Paul Weiss
signed Mar 14, 2025 by Trump · revoked Mar 21, 2025 by EO 14244 (Trump)
EO 13824 President's Council on Sports, Fitness, and Nutrition
signed Feb 26, 2018 by Trump · revoked Jul 31, 2025 by EO 14327 (Trump)
EO 12923 Continuation of Export Control Regulations
signed Jun 30, 1994 by Clinton · revoked Aug 19, 1994 by EO 12924 (Clinton)
EO 12914 Prohibiting Certain Transactions With Respect to Haiti
signed May 7, 1994 by Clinton · revoked Oct 14, 1994 by EO 12932 (Clinton)
EO 12917 Prohibiting Certain Transactions With Respect to Haiti
signed May 21, 1994 by Clinton · revoked Oct 14, 1994 by EO 12932 (Clinton)
EO 12920 Prohibiting Certain Transactions With Respect to Haiti
signed Jun 10, 1994 by Clinton · revoked Oct 14, 1994 by EO 12932 (Clinton)
EO 12946 President's Advisory Board on Arms Proliferation Policy
signed Jan 20, 1995 by Clinton · revoked Sep 29, 1997 by EO 13062 (Clinton)
EO 12964 Commission on United States-Pacific Trade and Investment Policy
signed Jun 21, 1995 by Clinton · revoked Sep 29, 1997 by EO 13062 (Clinton)
EO 13017 Advisory Commission on Consumer Protection and Quality in the Health Care Industry
signed Sep 5, 1996 by Clinton · revoked Sep 30, 1999 by EO 13138 (Clinton)
EO 13037 Commission To Study Capital Budgeting
signed Mar 3, 1997 by Clinton · revoked Sep 30, 1999 by EO 13138 (Clinton)
EO 13038 Advisory Committee on Public Interest Obligations of Digital Television Broadcasters
signed Mar 11, 1997 by Clinton · revoked Sep 30, 1999 by EO 13138 (Clinton)
EO 13260 Establishing the President's Homeland Security Advisory Council and Senior Advisory Committees for Homeland
signed Mar 19, 2002 by Bush · revoked Feb 28, 2003 by EO 13286 (Bush)
EO 13210 President's Commission To Strengthen Social Security
signed May 2, 2001 by Bush · revoked Sep 17, 2003 by EO 13316 (Bush)
EO 13214 President's Task Force To Improve Health Care Delivery for Our Nation's Veterans
signed May 28, 2001 by Bush · revoked Sep 17, 2003 by EO 13316 (Bush)
EO 13263 President's New Freedom Commission on Mental Health
signed Apr 29, 2002 by Bush · revoked Sep 17, 2003 by EO 13316 (Bush)
EO 13278 President's Commission on the United States Postal Service
signed Dec 11, 2002 by Bush · revoked Sep 17, 2003 by EO 13316 (Bush)
EO 13213 Additional Measures With Respect To Prohibiting the Importation of Rough Diamonds From Sierra Leone
signed May 22, 2001 by Bush · revoked Jan 15, 2004 by EO 13324 (Bush)
EO 13283 Establishing the Office of Global Communications
signed Jan 21, 2003 by Bush · revoked Sep 29, 2005 by EO 13385 (Bush)
EO 13326 President's Commission on Implementation of United States Space Exploration Policy
signed Jan 27, 2004 by Bush · revoked Sep 29, 2005 by EO 13385 (Bush)
EO 13369 President's Advisory Panel on Federal Tax Reform
signed Jan 7, 2005 by Bush · revoked Sep 28, 2007 by EO 13446 (Bush)
EO 13501 Establishment of the President's Economic Recovery Advisory Board
signed Feb 6, 2009 by Obama · revoked Jan 31, 2011 by EO 13564 (Obama)
EO 13560 White House Council for Community Solutions
signed Dec 14, 2010 by Obama · revoked Nov 16, 2016 by EO 13748 (Obama)
EO 13737 Providing an Order of Succession Within the Environmental Protection Agency
signed Aug 12, 2016 by Obama · revoked Jan 13, 2017 by EO 13763 (Obama)
EO 13775 Providing an Order of Succession Within the Department of Justice
signed Feb 9, 2017 by Trump · revoked Mar 31, 2017 by EO 13787 (Trump)
EO 14043 Requiring Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccination for Federal Employees
signed Sep 9, 2021 by Biden · revoked May 9, 2023 by EO 14099 (Biden)
EO 12930 Measures To Restrict the Participation by United States Persons in Weapons Proliferation Activities
signed Sep 29, 1994 by Clinton · revoked Nov 14, 1994 by EO 12938 (Clinton)
EO 12903 Nuclear Cooperation With EURATOM
signed Mar 9, 1994 by Clinton · revoked Mar 9, 1995 by EO 12955 (Clinton)
EO 13015 White House Commission on Aviation Safety and Security
signed Aug 22, 1996 by Clinton · revoked Sep 29, 1997 by EO 13062 (Clinton)
EO 13095 Suspension of Executive Order 13083
signed Aug 5, 1998 by Clinton · revoked Aug 4, 1999 by EO 13132 (Clinton)
EO 13362 Designation of Additional Officers for the Department of Homeland Security Order of Succession
signed Nov 29, 2004 by Bush · revoked Aug 13, 2007 by EO 13442 (Bush)
EO 13250 Providing an Order of Succession Within the Department of Health and Human Services
signed Dec 28, 2001 by Bush · revoked Feb 15, 2008 by EO 13461 (Bush)
EO 14061 Adjustments of Certain Rates of Pay
signed Dec 22, 2021 by Biden · revoked Dec 23, 2022 by EO 14090 (Biden)
EO 14090 Adjustments of Certain Rates of Pay
signed Dec 23, 2022 by Biden · revoked Dec 21, 2023 by EO 14113 (Biden)
EO 13454 Adjustments of Certain Rates of Pay
signed Jan 4, 2008 by Bush · revoked Dec 18, 2008 by EO 13483 (Bush)
EO 13635 Adjustments of Certain Rates of Pay
signed Dec 27, 2012 by Obama · revoked Apr 5, 2013 by EO 13641 (Obama)
EO 13641 Adjustments of Certain Rates of Pay
signed Apr 5, 2013 by Obama · revoked Dec 23, 2013 by EO 13655 (Obama)
EO 13686 Adjustments of Certain Rates of Pay
signed Dec 19, 2014 by Obama · revoked Dec 18, 2015 by EO 13715 (Obama)
EO 13715 Adjustments of Certain Rates of Pay
signed Dec 18, 2015 by Obama · revoked Dec 27, 2016 by EO 13756 (Obama)
EO 13144 Adjustments of Certain Rates of Pay
signed Dec 21, 1999 by Clinton · revoked Dec 23, 2000 by EO 13182 (Clinton)
EO 12944 Adjustments of Certain Rates of Pay and Allowances
signed Dec 28, 1994 by Clinton · revoked Dec 28, 1995 by EO 12984 (Clinton)
EO 12984 Adjustments of Certain Rates of Pay and Allowances
signed Dec 28, 1995 by Clinton · revoked Dec 27, 1996 by EO 13033 (Clinton)
EO 13071 Adjustments of Certain Rates of Pay
signed Dec 29, 1997 by Clinton · revoked Dec 7, 1998 by EO 13106 (Clinton)
EO 13106 Adjustments of Certain Rates of Pay and Delegation of a Federal Pay Administration Authority
signed Dec 7, 1998 by Clinton · revoked Dec 21, 1999 by EO 13144 (Clinton)
EO 13282 Adjustments of Certain Rates of Pay
signed Dec 31, 2002 by Bush · revoked Dec 30, 2003 by EO 13322 (Bush)
EO 13322 Adjustments of Certain Rates of Pay
signed Dec 30, 2003 by Bush · revoked Mar 3, 2004 by EO 13332 (Bush)
EO 13332 Further Adjustment of Certain Rates of Pay
signed Mar 3, 2004 by Bush · revoked Dec 30, 2004 by EO 13368 (Bush)
EO 13368 Adjustments of Certain Rates of Pay
signed Dec 30, 2004 by Bush · revoked Dec 22, 2005 by EO 13393 (Bush)
EO 13420 Adjustments of Certain Rates of Pay
signed Dec 21, 2006 by Bush · revoked Jan 4, 2008 by EO 13454 (Bush)
EO 12990 Adjustments of Rates of Pay and Allowances for the Uniformed Services, Amendment to Executive Order No. 12984
signed Feb 29, 1996 by Clinton · revoked Dec 27, 1996 by EO 13033 (Clinton)
EO 14048 Continuance or Reestablishment of Certain Federal Advisory Committees and Amendments to Other Executive Orders
signed Sep 30, 2021 by Biden · revoked Sep 29, 2023 by EO 14109 (Biden)
EO 14256 Further Amendment to Duties Addressing the Synthetic Opioid Supply Chain in the People's Republic of China as Applied to Low-Value Imports
signed Apr 2, 2025 by Trump · revoked Jul 30, 2025 by EO 14324 (Trump)
EO 13617 Blocking Property of the Government of the Russian Federation Relating to the Disposition of Highly Enriched Uranium Extracted From Nuclear Weapons
signed Jun 25, 2012 by Obama · revoked May 26, 2015 by EO 13695 (Obama)
EO 13619 Blocking Property of Persons Threatening the Peace, Security, or Stability of Burma
signed Jul 11, 2012 by Obama · revoked Oct 7, 2016 by EO 13742 (Obama)
EO 12922 Blocking Property of Certain Haitian Nationals
signed Jun 21, 1994 by Clinton · revoked Oct 14, 1994 by EO 12932 (Clinton)
EO 12974 Continuance of Certain Federal Advisory Committees
signed Sep 29, 1995 by Clinton · revoked Sep 29, 1997 by EO 13062 (Clinton)
EO 13062 Continuance of Certain Federal Advisory Committees and Amendments to Executive Orders 13038 and 13054
signed Sep 29, 1997 by Clinton · revoked Sep 30, 1999 by EO 13138 (Clinton)
EO 13225 Continuance of Certain Federal Advisory Committees
signed Sep 28, 2001 by Bush · revoked Sep 17, 2003 by EO 13316 (Bush)
EO 13325 Amendment to Executive Order 12293, the Foreign Service of the United States
signed Jan 23, 2004 by Bush · revoked Mar 14, 2005 by EO 13374 (Bush)
EO 13511 Continuance of Certain Federal Advisory Committees
signed Sep 29, 2009 by Obama · revoked Sep 30, 2011 by EO 13585 (Obama)
EO 12921 Amendment to Executive Order No. 12864
signed Jun 13, 1994 by Clinton · revoked Sep 29, 1997 by EO 13062 (Clinton)
EO 12970 Further Amendment to Executive Order No. 12864
signed Sep 14, 1995 by Clinton · revoked Sep 29, 1997 by EO 13062 (Clinton)
EO 12987 Amendment to Executive Order No. 12964
signed Jan 31, 1996 by Clinton · revoked Sep 29, 1997 by EO 13062 (Clinton)
EO 13032 Further Amendment to Executive Order No. 12964
signed Dec 26, 1996 by Clinton · revoked Sep 29, 1997 by EO 13062 (Clinton)
40 agency rules nullified under the Congressional Review Act
Joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval of the rule submitted by the Department of Labor under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, relating to ergonomics
Pub. L. 107-5 · Mar 20, 2001
Disapproving the rule submitted by the Department of Defense, the General Services Administration, and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration relating to the Federal Acquisition Regulation.
Pub. L. 115-11 · Mar 27, 2017
Disapproving the rule submitted by the Department of the Interior relating to Bureau of Land Management regulations that establish the procedures used to prepare, revise, or amend land use plans pursuant to the Federal Land Policy and Management Act of 1976.
Pub. L. 115-12 · Mar 27, 2017
Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of Education relating to accountability and State plans under the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965.
Pub. L. 115-13 · Mar 27, 2017
Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of Education relating to teacher preparation issues.
Pub. L. 115-14 · Mar 27, 2017
Disapproving the rule submitted by the Department of Labor relating to drug testing of unemployment compensation applicants.
Pub. L. 115-17 · Mar 31, 2017
Show 34 more
Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the final rule of the Department of the Interior relating to "Non-Subsistence Take of Wildlife, and Public Participation and Closure Procedures, on National Wildlife Refuges in Alaska".
Pub. L. 115-20 · Apr 3, 2017
Disapproving the rule submitted by the Department of Labor relating to "Clarification of Employer's Continuing Obligation to Make and Maintain an Accurate Record of Each Recordable Injury and Illness".
Pub. L. 115-21 · Apr 3, 2017
A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Federal Communications Commission relating to "Protecting the Privacy of Customers of Broadband and Other Telecommunications Services".
Pub. L. 115-22 · Apr 3, 2017
Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the final rule submitted by Secretary of Health and Human Services relating to compliance with title X requirements by project requirements by project recipients in selecting subrecipients.
Pub. L. 115-23 · Apr 13, 2017
Disapproving the rule submitted by the Department of Labor relating to savings arrangements established by qualified State political subdivisions for non-governmental employees.
Pub. L. 115-24 · Apr 13, 2017
Disapproving the rule submitted by the Department of Labor relating to savings arrangements established by States for non-governmental employees.
Pub. L. 115-35 · May 17, 2017
Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection relating to "Arbitration Agreements".
Pub. L. 115-74 · Nov 1, 2017
A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection relating to "Indirect Auto Lending and Compliance with the Equal Credit Opportunity Act".
Pub. L. 115-172 · May 21, 2018
Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission relating to "Update of Commission's Conciliation Procedures".
Pub. L. 117-22 · Jun 30, 2021
Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "Oil and Natural Gas Sector: Emission Standards for New, Reconstructed, and Modified Sources Review".
Pub. L. 117-23 · Jun 30, 2021
Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Office of the Comptroller of Currency relating to "National Banks and Federal Savings Associations as Lenders".
Pub. L. 117-24 · Jun 30, 2021
Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "Waste Emissions Charge for Petroleum and Natural Gas Systems: Procedures for Facilitating Compliance, Including Netting and Exemptions".
Pub. L. 119-2 · Mar 14, 2025
A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management relating to "Protection of Marine Archaeological Resources".
Pub. L. 119-3 · Mar 14, 2025
Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Internal Revenue Service relating to "Gross Proceeds Reporting by Brokers That Regularly Provide Services Effectuating Digital Asset Sales".
Pub. L. 119-5 · Apr 10, 2025
Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of Energy relating to "Energy Conservation Program: Energy Conservation Standards for Consumer Gas-fired Instantaneous Water Heaters".
Pub. L. 119-6 · May 9, 2025
Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of Energy relating to "Energy Conservation Program: Energy Conservation Standards for Walk-In Coolers and Walk-In Freezers".
Pub. L. 119-7 · May 9, 2025
Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of Energy relating to "Energy Conservation Program for Appliance Standards: Certification Requirements, Labeling Requirements, and Enforcement Provisions for Certain Consumer Products and Commercial Equipment".
Pub. L. 119-8 · May 9, 2025
Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Department of Energy relating to "Energy Conservation Program: Energy Conservation Standards for Commercial Refrigerators, Freezers, and Refrigerator-Freezers".
Pub. L. 119-9 · May 9, 2025
Disapproving the rule submitted by the Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection relating to "Overdraft Lending: Very Large Financial Institutions".
Pub. L. 119-10 · May 9, 2025
Disapproving the rule submitted by the Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection relating to "Defining Larger Participants of a Market for General-Use Digital Consumer Payment Applications".
Pub. L. 119-11 · May 9, 2025
Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the National Park Service relating to "Glen Canyon National Recreation Area: Motor Vehicles".
Pub. L. 119-13 · May 23, 2025
Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to “National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Rubber Tire Manufacturing”.
Pub. L. 119-14 · May 23, 2025
Providing congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "California State Motor Vehicle and Engine Pollution Control Standards; Heavy-Duty Vehicle and Engine Emission Warranty and Maintenance Provisions; Advanced Clean Trucks; Zero Emission Airport Shuttle; Zero-Emission Power Train Certification; Waiver of Preemption; Notice of Decision".
Pub. L. 119-15 · Jun 12, 2025
Providing congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to 2 "California State Motor Vehicle and Engine Pollution Control Standards; Advanced Clean Cars II; Waiver of Preemption; Notice of Decision".
Pub. L. 119-16 · Jun 12, 2025
Providing congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "California State Motor Vehicle and Engine and Nonroad Engine Pollution Control Standards; The 'Omnibus' Low NOX Regulation; Waiver of Preemption; Notice of Decision".
Pub. L. 119-17 · Jun 12, 2025
Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency of the Department of the Treasury relating to the review of applications under the Bank Merger Act.
Pub. L. 119-19 · Jun 20, 2025
Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "Review of Final Rule Reclassification of Major Sources as Area Sources Under Section 112 of the Clean Air Act".
Pub. L. 119-20 · Jun 20, 2025
Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bureau of Land Management relating to “National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska Integrated Activity Plan Record of Decision”.
Pub. L. 119-47 · Dec 5, 2025
Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bureau of Land Management relating to "Miles City Field Office Record of Decision and Approved Resource Management Plan Amendment".
Pub. L. 119-48 · Dec 11, 2025
Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bureau of Land Management relating to "North Dakota Field Office Record of Decision and Approved Resource Management Plan".
Pub. L. 119-49 · Dec 11, 2025
Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bureau of Land Management relating to "Central Yukon Record of Decision and Approved Resource Management Plan".
Pub. L. 119-50 · Dec 11, 2025
Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bureau of Land Management relating to "Buffalo Field Office Record of Decision and Approved Resource Management Plan Amendment".
Pub. L. 119-51 · Dec 11, 2025
Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bureau of Land Management relating to "Coastal Plain Oil and Gas Leasing Program Record of Decision".
Pub. L. 119-52 · Dec 11, 2025
Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bureau of Land Management relating to Public Land Order No. 7917 for Withdrawal of Federal Lands; Cook, Lake, and Saint Louis Counties, MN.
Pub. L. 119-85 · Apr 27, 2026
196 decisions that overruled precedent
Girouard v. United States
Apr 22, 1946 · 5-3 · Civil Rights
Halliburton Oil Well Cementing Co. v. Walker
Nov 18, 1946 · 8-1 · Economic Activity
Macgregor v. Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Co.
Jan 6, 1947 · 5-4 · Economic Activity
Angel v. Bullington
Feb 17, 1947 · 6-3 · Judicial Power
Sherrer v. Sherrer
Jun 7, 1948 · 7-2 · Due Process
Lincoln Federal Labor Union v. Northwestern Iron & Metal Co.
Jan 3, 1949 · 9-0 · Unions
Commissioner of Internal Revenue v. Estate of Church
Jan 17, 1949 · 6-3 · Federal Taxation
Ott v. Mississippi Valley Barge Line Co.
Feb 7, 1949 · 8-1 · Economic Activity
Show 188 more
Oklahoma Tax Commission v. Texas Company
Mar 7, 1949 · 9-0 · Federalism
Cosmopolitan Shipping Co. v. McAllister
Jun 27, 1949 · 5-4 · Economic Activity
United States v. Rabinowitz
Feb 20, 1950 · 5-3 · Criminal Procedure
Darr v. Burford
Apr 3, 1950 · 5-3 · Judicial Power
Standard Oil Co. v. Peck
Feb 4, 1952 · 7-2 · Economic Activity
Joseph Burstyn, Inc. v. Wilson
May 26, 1952 · 9-0 · First Amendment
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka
May 17, 1954 · 9-0 · Civil Rights
Carroll v. Lanza
Jun 6, 1955 · 6-3 · Federalism
Reid v. Covert
Jun 10, 1957 · 6-2 · Civil Rights
Vanderbilt v. Vanderbilt
Jun 24, 1957 · 6-2 · Due Process
Ladner v. United States
Dec 15, 1958 · 8-1 · Criminal Procedure
United States v. Raines
Feb 29, 1960 · 9-0 · Civil Rights
Elkins v. United States
Jun 27, 1960 · 5-4 · Criminal Procedure
James v. United States
May 15, 1961 · 6-3 · Criminal Procedure
Mapp v. Ohio
Jun 19, 1961 · 6-3 · Criminal Procedure
Baker v. Carr
Mar 26, 1962 · 6-2 · Civil Rights
Smith v. Evening News Association
Dec 10, 1962 · 8-1 · Federalism
Local No. 438 Construction & General Laborers' Union v. Curry
Jan 21, 1963 · 9-0 · Federalism
Gideon v. Wainwright
Mar 18, 1963 · 9-0 · Criminal Procedure
Gray v. Sanders
Mar 18, 1963 · 8-1 · Civil Rights
Fay v. Noia
Mar 18, 1963 · 6-3 · Criminal Procedure
Ferguson v. Skrupa
Apr 22, 1963 · 9-0 · Economic Activity
Wesberry v. Sanders
Feb 17, 1964 · 6-3 · Civil Rights
Schneider v. Rusk
May 18, 1964 · 5-3 · Civil Rights
Malloy v. Hogan
Jun 15, 1964 · 5-4 · Criminal Procedure
Murphy v. Waterfront Commission of New York Harbor
Jun 15, 1964 · 9-0 · Criminal Procedure
Jackson v. Denno
Jun 22, 1964 · 6-3 · Criminal Procedure
Escobedo v. Illinois
Jun 22, 1964 · 5-4 · Criminal Procedure
McLaughlin v. Florida
Dec 7, 1964 · 9-0 · Civil Rights
Pointer v. Texas
Apr 5, 1965 · 9-0 · Criminal Procedure
United States v. Brown
Jun 7, 1965 · 5-4 · First Amendment
Swift & Co., Inc. v. Wickham
Nov 22, 1965 · 6-3 · Judicial Power
Harris v. United States
Dec 6, 1965 · 5-4 · Criminal Procedure
Harper v. Virginia Board of Elections
Mar 24, 1966 · 6-3 · Civil Rights
Miranda v. Arizona
Jun 13, 1966 · 5-4 · Criminal Procedure
Spevack v. Klein
Jan 16, 1967 · 5-4 · Criminal Procedure
Keyishian v. Board of Regents of the University of the State of New York
Jan 23, 1967 · 5-4 · First Amendment
Afroyim v. Rusk
May 29, 1967 · 5-4 · Civil Rights
Warden v. Hayden
May 29, 1967 · 6-3 · Criminal Procedure
Camara v. Municipal Court of the City and County of San Francisco
Jun 5, 1967 · 6-3 · Criminal Procedure
Berger v. New York
Jun 12, 1967 · 6-3 · Criminal Procedure
Katz v. United States
Dec 18, 1967 · 7-1 · Criminal Procedure
Marchetti v. United States
Jan 29, 1968 · 7-1 · Criminal Procedure
Peyton v. Rowe
May 20, 1968 · 9-0 · Criminal Procedure
Bruton v. United States
May 20, 1968 · 6-2 · Criminal Procedure
Duncan v. Louisiana
May 20, 1968 · 7-2 · Criminal Procedure
Carafas v. Lavallee
May 20, 1968 · 8-0 · Criminal Procedure
Lee v. Florida
Jun 17, 1968 · 6-3 · Criminal Procedure
Jones v. Alfred H. Mayer Co.
Jun 17, 1968 · 7-2 · Civil Rights
Moore v. Ogilvie
May 5, 1969 · 7-2 · Civil Rights
Brandenburg v. Ohio
Jun 9, 1969 · 8-0 · First Amendment
Lear, Inc. v. Adkins
Jun 16, 1969 · 5-3 · Economic Activity
Chimel v. California
Jun 23, 1969 · 6-2 · Criminal Procedure
Benton v. Maryland
Jun 23, 1969 · 6-2 · Criminal Procedure
Ashe v. Swenson
Apr 6, 1970 · 7-1 · Criminal Procedure
Boys Markets, Inc. v. Retail Clerks Union
Jun 1, 1970 · 5-2 · Unions
Price v. Georgia
Jun 15, 1970 · 8-0 · Criminal Procedure
Moragne v. States Marine Lines, Inc.
Jun 15, 1970 · 8-0 · Economic Activity
Williams v. Florida
Jun 22, 1970 · 6-2 · Criminal Procedure
Blonder-Tongue Laboratories, Inc. v. University of Illinois Foundation
May 3, 1971 · 9-0 · Economic Activity
Perez v. Campbell
Jun 1, 1971 · 5-4 · Economic Activity
Griffin v. Breckenridge
Jun 7, 1971 · 9-0 · Civil Rights
Dunn v. Blumstein
Mar 21, 1972 · 6-1 · Civil Rights
Illinois v. City of Milwaukee
Apr 24, 1972 · 9-0 · Economic Activity
Andrews v. Louisville & Nashville Railroad Co.
May 15, 1972 · 7-1 · Economic Activity
Lehnhausen v. Lake Shore Auto Parts Co.
Feb 22, 1973 · 9-0 · Economic Activity
Braden v. 30th Judicial Circuit Court of Kentucky
Feb 28, 1973 · 6-3 · Criminal Procedure
Miller v. California
Jun 21, 1973 · 5-4 · First Amendment
North Dakota State Board of Pharmacy v. Snyder's Drug Stores, Inc.
Dec 5, 1973 · 9-0 · Economic Activity
Edelman v. Jordan
Mar 25, 1974 · 5-4 · Civil Rights
Mitchell v. W. T. Grant Co.
May 13, 1974 · 5-4 · Civil Rights
Taylor v. Louisiana
Jan 21, 1975 · 8-1 · Civil Rights
United States v. Reliable Transfer Co., Inc.
May 19, 1975 · 9-0 · Economic Activity
Michelin Tire Corp. v. Wages
Jan 14, 1976 · 8-0 · Economic Activity
Hudgens v. National Labor Relations Board
Mar 3, 1976 · 6-2 · First Amendment
Virginia State Board of Pharmacy v. Virginia Citizens Consumer Council, Inc.
May 24, 1976 · 7-1 · First Amendment
National League of Cities v. Usery
Jun 24, 1976 · 5-4 · Unions
Lodge 76 v. Wisconsin Employment Relations Commission
Jun 25, 1976 · 6-3 · Federalism
City of New Orleans v. Dukes
Jun 25, 1976 · 8-0 · Economic Activity
Gregg v. Georgia
Jul 2, 1976 · 7-2 · Criminal Procedure
Craig v. Boren
Dec 20, 1976 · 7-2 · Civil Rights
Oregon ex rel. State Land Board v. Corvallis Sand & Gravel Co.
Jan 12, 1977 · 6-3 · Federalism
Complete Auto Transit, Inc. v. Brady
Mar 7, 1977 · 9-0 · Economic Activity
Continental T.V., Inc. v. GTE Sylvania Inc.
Jun 23, 1977 · 6-2 · Economic Activity
Wainwright v. Sykes
Jun 23, 1977 · 7-2 · Criminal Procedure
Shaffer v. Heitner
Jun 24, 1977 · 7-1 · Due Process
Department of Revenue of Washington v. Association of Washington Stevedoring Companies
Apr 26, 1978 · 8-0 · Economic Activity
Monell v. Department of Social Services of the City of New York
Jun 6, 1978 · 7-2 · Civil Rights
Burks v. United States
Jun 14, 1978 · 8-0 · Criminal Procedure
United States v. Scott
Jun 14, 1978 · 5-4 · Criminal Procedure
Duren v. Missouri
Jan 9, 1979 · 8-1 · Civil Rights
Hughes v. Oklahoma
Apr 24, 1979 · 7-2 · Federalism
Trammel v. United States
Feb 27, 1980 · 9-0 · Judicial Power
United States v. Salvucci
Jun 25, 1980 · 7-2 · Criminal Procedure
Thomas v. Washington Gas Light Co.
Jun 27, 1980 · 7-2 · Economic Activity
Commonwealth Edison Co. v. Montana
Jul 2, 1981 · 6-3 · Economic Activity
United States v. Ross
Jun 1, 1982 · 6-3 · Criminal Procedure
Sporhase v. Nebraska ex rel. Douglas
Jul 2, 1982 · 7-2 · Federalism
Bob Jones University v. United States
May 24, 1983 · 8-1 · Civil Rights
Illinois v. Gates
Jun 8, 1983 · 6-3 · Criminal Procedure
Michigan v. Long
Jul 6, 1983 · 6-3 · Criminal Procedure
Pennhurst State School and Hospital v. Halderman
Jan 23, 1984 · 5-4 · Federalism
United States v. One Assortment of 89 Firearms
Feb 22, 1984 · 9-0 · Criminal Procedure
Limbach v. Hooven & Allison Co.
Apr 18, 1984 · 9-0 · Economic Activity
Copperweld Corp. v. Independence Tube Corp.
Jun 19, 1984 · 5-3 · Economic Activity
Garcia v. San Antonio Metropolitan Transit Authority
Feb 19, 1985 · 5-4 · Unions
United States v. Miller
Apr 1, 1985 · 8-0 · Criminal Procedure
Daniels v. Williams
Jan 21, 1986 · 9-0 · Civil Rights
United States v. Lane
Jan 27, 1986 · 5-4 · Criminal Procedure
Batson v. Kentucky
Apr 30, 1986 · 7-2 · Civil Rights
Puerto Rico v. Branstad
Jun 23, 1987 · 9-0 · Criminal Procedure
Tyler Pipe Industries, Inc. v. Washington State Department of Revenue
Jun 23, 1987 · 6-2 · Economic Activity
Solorio v. United States
Jun 25, 1987 · 6-3 · Civil Rights
Welch v. Texas Department of Highways and Public Transportation
Jun 25, 1987 · 5-4 · Economic Activity
Gulfstream Aerospace Corporation v. Mayacamas Corporation
Mar 22, 1988 · 8-0 · Judicial Power
South Carolina v. Baker
Apr 20, 1988 · 7-1 · Federalism
Thornburgh v. Abbott
May 15, 1989 · 6-3 · First Amendment
Rodriguez de Quijas v. Shearson/American Express, Inc.
May 15, 1989 · 5-4 · Economic Activity
Alabama v. Smith
Jun 12, 1989 · 8-1 · Criminal Procedure
Healy v. The Beer Institute
Jun 19, 1989 · 6-3 · Economic Activity
W. S. Kirkpatrick & Co., Inc. v. Environmental Tectonics Corp.
Jan 17, 1990 · 9-0 · Judicial Power
Collins v. Youngblood
Jun 21, 1990 · 9-0 · Criminal Procedure
Arizona v. Fulminante
Mar 26, 1991 · 5-4 · Criminal Procedure
California v. Acevedo
May 30, 1991 · 6-3 · Criminal Procedure
Exxon Corporation v. Central Gulf Lines, Inc.
Jun 3, 1991 · 9-0 · Judicial Power
Coleman v. Thompson
Jun 24, 1991 · 6-3 · Criminal Procedure
Pervis Tyrone Payne v. Tennessee
Jun 27, 1991 · 6-3 · Criminal Procedure
J. C. Keeney v. Tamayo-Reyes
May 4, 1992 · 5-4 · Criminal Procedure
Quill Corporation v. North Dakota by and Through Its Tax Commissioner
May 26, 1992 · 8-1 · Economic Activity
Planned Parenthood of Southeastern Pennsylvania v. Casey
Jun 29, 1992 · 5-4 · Privacy
United States v. Dixon
Jun 28, 1993 · 5-4 · Criminal Procedure
Nichols v. United States
Jun 6, 1994 · 6-3 · Criminal Procedure
Director v. Greenwich Collieries
Jun 20, 1994 · 6-3 · Economic Activity
Hubbard v. United States
May 15, 1995 · 6-3 · Criminal Procedure
Adarand Constructors, Inc. v. Federico Pena
Jun 12, 1995 · 5-4 · Civil Rights
United States v. Gaudin
Jun 19, 1995 · 9-0 · Criminal Procedure
Fulton Corporation v. Janice H. Faulkner
Feb 21, 1996 · 9-0 · Economic Activity
Seminole Tribe of Florida v. Florida
Mar 27, 1996 · 5-4 · Federalism
Inc. v. Rhode Island and Rhode Island Liquor Stores Association
May 13, 1996 · 9-0 · First Amendment
Lewis v. Fletcher Casey, Jr.
Jun 24, 1996 · 8-1 · Due Process
Rachel Agostini v. Betty-Louise Felton
Jun 23, 1997 · 5-4 · First Amendment
State Oil Company v. Barkat U. Khan and Khan & Associates, Inc.
Nov 4, 1997 · 9-0 · Economic Activity
Hudson v. United States
Dec 10, 1997 · 9-0 · Criminal Procedure
Arnold F. Hohn v. United States
Jun 15, 1998 · 5-4 · Criminal Procedure
Minnesota v. Mille Lacs Band of Chippewa Indians
Mar 24, 1999 · 5-4 · Civil Rights
College Savings Bank v. Florida Prepaid Postsecondary Education Expense Board
Jun 23, 1999 · 5-4 · Federalism
Guy Mitchell v. Helms
Jun 28, 2000 · 6-3 · First Amendment
United States v. Hatter
May 21, 2001 · 5-2 · Federal Taxation
Lapides v. Board of Regents of the University System of Georgia
May 13, 2002 · 9-0 · Federalism
United States v. Cotton
May 20, 2002 · 9-0 · Criminal Procedure
Daryl Renard Atkins v. Virginia
Jun 20, 2002 · 6-3 · Criminal Procedure
Ring v. Arizona
Jun 24, 2002 · 7-2 · Criminal Procedure
Lawrence v. Texas
Jun 26, 2003 · 6-3 · Privacy
Crawford v. Washington
Mar 8, 2004 · 9-0 · Criminal Procedure
Roper v. Simmons
Mar 1, 2005 · 5-4 · Criminal Procedure
Central Virginia Community College v. Katz
Jan 23, 2006 · 5-4 · Federalism
Illinois Tool Works Inc. v. Independent Ink, Inc.
Mar 1, 2006 · 8-0 · Economic Activity
Alberto R. Gonzales v. Leroy Carhart
Apr 18, 2007 · 5-4 · Privacy
Bell Atlantic Corporation v. Twombly
May 21, 2007 · 7-2 · Economic Activity
Bowles v. Russell
Jun 14, 2007 · 5-4 · Judicial Power
Parents Involved in Community Schools v. Seattle School District No. 1
Jun 28, 2007 · 5-4 · Civil Rights
Leegin Creative Leather Products, Inc. v. PSKS, Inc.
Jun 28, 2007 · 5-4 · Economic Activity
Cordell Pearson v. Afton Callahan
Jan 21, 2009 · 9-0 · Civil Rights
Montejo v. Louisiana
May 26, 2009 · 5-4 · Criminal Procedure
Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission
Jan 21, 2010 · 5-4 · First Amendment
Otis McDonald v. City of Chicago
Jun 28, 2010 · 5-4 · Criminal Procedure
Bond v. United States
Jun 16, 2011 · 9-0 · Judicial Power
Alleyne v. United States
Jun 17, 2013 · 5-4 · Criminal Procedure
Johnson v. United States
Jun 26, 2015 · 8-1 · Due Process
Obergefell v. Hodges
Jun 26, 2015 · 5-4 · Due Process
Hurst v. Florida
Jan 12, 2016 · 8-1 · Criminal Procedure
South Dakota v. Wayfair
Jun 21, 2018 · 5-4 · Economic Activity
Trump v. Hawaii
Jun 26, 2018 · 5-4 · Civil Rights
Janus v. American Federation of State
Jun 27, 2018 · 5-4 · Unions
Franchise Tax Board of California v. Hyatt
May 13, 2019 · 5-4 · Economic Activity
Herrera v. Wyoming
May 20, 2019 · 5-4 · Civil Rights
Knick v. Township of Scott
Jun 21, 2019 · 5-4 · Due Process
Rucho v. Common Cause
Jun 27, 2019 · 5-4 · Civil Rights
Ramos v. Louisiana
Apr 20, 2020 · 6-3 · Criminal Procedure
Edwards v. Vannoy
May 17, 2021 · 6-3 · Criminal Procedure
Shinn v. Ramirez
May 23, 2022 · 6-3 · Criminal Procedure
Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization
Jun 24, 2022 · 6-3 · Privacy
Kennedy v. Bremerton School District
Jun 27, 2022 · 6-3 · First Amendment
Students for Fair Admissions Inc. v. President & Fellows of Harvard College
Jun 29, 2023 · 6-2 · Civil Rights
Loper Bright Enterprises v. Raimondo
Jun 28, 2024 · 6-2 · Economic Activity
Cisco Systems v. Doe
Jun 23, 2026 · 6-3 · Judicial Power
Trump v. Slaughter
Jun 29, 2026 · 6-3 · Miscellaneous
National Republican Senatorial Committee v. Federal Election Commission
Jun 30, 2026 · 6-3 · First Amendment
Revocations are full revocations or supersessions recorded in the Federal Register (partial amendments aren't counted), and those records begin in 1994. Congressional Review Act disapprovals are identified by title. Laws repealed outright aren't tracked yet. Agencies abolished are in the Executive section.

Log1 file±0

logEverything in between
538 events
United States v. Lovett · 1946-06-03Frederick Moore Vinson — Chief Justice · 1946-06-21Halliburton Oil Well Cementing Co. v. Walker · 1946-11-18Macgregor v. Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Co. · 1947-01-06Angel v. Bullington · 1947-02-17Taft–Hartley Act · 1947-06-23National Security Act of 1947 · 1947-07-26United States Department of War · 1947-09-18National Military Establishment · 1947-09-18Shelley v. Kraemer · 1948-05-03Sherrer v. Sherrer · 1948-06-07Lincoln Federal Labor Union v. Northwestern Iron & Metal Co. · 1949-01-03Commissioner of Internal Revenue v. Estate of Church · 1949-01-17Harry S. Truman takes office · 1949-01-20Ott v. Mississippi Valley Barge Line Co. · 1949-02-07Oklahoma Tax Commission v. Texas Company · 1949-03-07Cosmopolitan Shipping Co. v. McAllister · 1949-06-27National Military Establishment · 1949-08-10United States Department of Defense · 1949-08-10Tom C. Clark — Associate Justice · 1949-08-19Sherman Minton — Associate Justice · 1949-10-05United States v. Rabinowitz · 1950-02-20Darr v. Burford · 1950-04-03Korean War · 1950-06-27Puerto Rican Nationalist uprising · 1950-10-30Puerto Rican Nationalist uprising · 1950-11-02Presidential term limits · 1951-02-27Standard Oil Co. v. Peck · 1952-02-04Joseph Burstyn, Inc. v. Wilson · 1952-05-26Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. v. Sawyer · 1952-06-02United States v. Cardiff · 1952-12-08Dwight David Eisenhower takes office · 1953-01-20United States Department of Health, Education, and Welfare · 1953-04-11Korean War · 1953-07-28Earl Warren — Chief Justice · 1954-03-20Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka · 1954-05-17Bolling v. Sharpe · 1954-05-17Taiwan Strait crisis · 1954-12-31Taiwan Strait crisis · 1955-01-01John Marshall Harlan — Associate Justice · 1955-03-17Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka · 1955-05-31Carroll v. Lanza · 1955-06-06United States ex rel. Toth v. Quarles · 1955-11-07Federal Aid Highway Act of 1956 · 1956-06-29Dwight David Eisenhower takes office · 1957-01-20William Joseph Brennan, Jr. — Associate Justice · 1957-03-21Charles Evans Whittaker — Associate Justice · 1957-03-22Reid v. Covert · 1957-06-10Vanderbilt v. Vanderbilt · 1957-06-24Trop v. Dulles · 1958-03-31Cooper v. Aaron · 1958-09-12Ladner v. United States · 1958-12-15Taiwan Strait crisis · 1958-12-31Taiwan Strait crisis · 1959-01-01Alaska · 1959-01-03Potter Stewart — Associate Justice · 1959-05-07Hawaii · 1959-08-21Kinsella v. United States ex rel. Singleton · 1960-01-18Grisham v. Hagan · 1960-01-18McElroy v. United States ex rel. Guagliardo · 1960-01-18United States v. Raines · 1960-02-29Elkins v. United States · 1960-06-27John Fitzgerald Kennedy takes office · 1961-01-20Electoral votes for Washington, D.C. · 1961-03-29Bay of Pigs invasion · 1961-04-17Bay of Pigs invasion · 1961-04-21James v. United States · 1961-05-15Mapp v. Ohio · 1961-06-19Vietnam: South Vietnam vs. the Viet Cong · 1962-01-01Baker v. Carr · 1962-03-26Byron Raymond White — Associate Justice · 1962-04-12Engel v. Vitale · 1962-06-25Arthur Joseph Goldberg — Associate Justice · 1962-09-28Smith v. Evening News Association · 1962-12-10Local No. 438 Construction & General Laborers' Union v. Curry · 1963-01-21Kennedy v. Mendoza-Martinez · 1963-02-18Gideon v. Wainwright · 1963-03-18Gray v. Sanders · 1963-03-18Fay v. Noia · 1963-03-18Ferguson v. Skrupa · 1963-04-22School District of Abington Township v. Schempp · 1963-06-17Lyndon Baines Johnson takes office · 1963-11-22Clean Air Act · 1963-12-17Laotian Civil War · 1963-12-31Abolition of poll taxes in federal elections · 1964-01-23Wesberry v. Sanders · 1964-02-17New York Times Co. v. Sullivan · 1964-03-09Schneider v. Rusk · 1964-05-18Reynolds v. Sims · 1964-06-15Malloy v. Hogan · 1964-06-15Murphy v. Waterfront Commission of New York Harbor · 1964-06-15Jackson v. Denno · 1964-06-22Escobedo v. Illinois · 1964-06-22Aptheker v. Secretary of State · 1964-06-22Civil Rights Act of 1964 · 1964-07-02Gulf of Tonkin Resolution · 1964-08-10McLaughlin v. Florida · 1964-12-07Heart of Atlanta Motel, Inc. v. United States · 1964-12-14Vietnam: South Vietnam vs. the Viet Cong · 1965-01-01Lyndon Baines Johnson takes office · 1965-01-20Pointer v. Texas · 1965-04-05Elementary and Secondary Education Act · 1965-04-11Lamont v. Postmaster General · 1965-05-24United States v. Brown · 1965-06-07Griswold v. Connecticut · 1965-06-07Social Security Amendments of 1965 · 1965-07-30Voting Rights Act of 1965 · 1965-08-06Abe Fortas — Associate Justice · 1965-08-11United States Department of Housing and Urban Development · 1965-09-09Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 · 1965-10-03Higher Education Act of 1965 · 1965-11-08Albertson v. Subversive Activities Control Board · 1965-11-15Swift & Co., Inc. v. Wickham · 1965-11-22United States v. Romano · 1965-11-22Harris v. United States · 1965-12-06Vietnam War · 1965-12-31South Carolina v. Katzenbach · 1966-03-07Harper v. Virginia Board of Elections · 1966-03-24Miranda v. Arizona · 1966-06-13Freedom of Information Act · 1966-07-04United States Department of Transportation · 1966-10-15Spevack v. Klein · 1967-01-16Keyishian v. Board of Regents of the University of the State of New York · 1967-01-23Presidential succession and disability · 1967-02-10Afroyim v. Rusk · 1967-05-29Warden v. Hayden · 1967-05-29Camara v. Municipal Court of the City and County of San Francisco · 1967-06-05Loving v. Virginia · 1967-06-12Berger v. New York · 1967-06-12Thurgood Marshall — Associate Justice · 1967-08-30United States v. Robel · 1967-12-11Katz v. United States · 1967-12-18Marchetti v. United States · 1968-01-29Grosso v. United States · 1968-01-29Haynes v. United States · 1968-01-29United States v. Jackson · 1968-04-08Civil Rights Act of 1968 · 1968-04-11Peyton v. Rowe · 1968-05-20Bruton v. United States · 1968-05-20Duncan v. Louisiana · 1968-05-20Carafas v. Lavallee · 1968-05-20Terry v. Ohio · 1968-06-10Lee v. Florida · 1968-06-17Jones v. Alfred H. Mayer Co. · 1968-06-17Richard Milhous Nixon takes office · 1969-01-20Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District · 1969-02-24Moore v. Ogilvie · 1969-05-05Leary v. United States · 1969-05-19O'Callahan v. Parker · 1969-06-02Brandenburg v. Ohio · 1969-06-09Lear, Inc. v. Adkins · 1969-06-16Warren Earl Burger — Chief Justice · 1969-06-23Chimel v. California · 1969-06-23Benton v. Maryland · 1969-06-23Cambodian Civil War · 1970-01-01National Environmental Policy Act · 1970-01-01Turner v. United States · 1970-01-20Ashe v. Swenson · 1970-04-06Harry Andrew Blackmun — Associate Justice · 1970-05-14Schacht v. United States · 1970-05-25Boys Markets, Inc. v. Retail Clerks Union · 1970-06-01Price v. Georgia · 1970-06-15Moragne v. States Marine Lines, Inc. · 1970-06-15Williams v. Florida · 1970-06-22Oregon v. Mitchell · 1970-12-21Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) · 1970-12-29Gulf of Tonkin Resolution repealed · 1971-01-12Blount v. Rizzi · 1971-01-14United States v. United States Coin & Currency · 1971-04-05Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education · 1971-04-20Blonder-Tongue Laboratories, Inc. v. University of Illinois Foundation · 1971-05-03Perez v. Campbell · 1971-06-01Griffin v. Breckenridge · 1971-06-07Lemon v. Kurtzman · 1971-06-28Tilton v. Richardson · 1971-06-28New York Times Co. v. United States · 1971-06-30United States Post Office Department · 1971-07-01Voting age lowered to 18 · 1971-07-01Lewis Franklin Powell, Jr. — Associate Justice · 1971-12-09William Hubbs Rehnquist — Associate Justice · 1971-12-15Dunn v. Blumstein · 1972-03-21Illinois v. City of Milwaukee · 1972-04-24Andrews v. Louisville & Nashville Railroad Co. · 1972-05-15Furman v. Georgia · 1972-06-29Clean Water Act · 1972-10-18Richard Milhous Nixon takes office · 1973-01-20Roe v. Wade · 1973-01-22Lehnhausen v. Lake Shore Auto Parts Co. · 1973-02-22Braden v. 30th Judicial Circuit Court of Kentucky · 1973-02-28Vietnam War · 1973-03-30Frontiero v. Richardson · 1973-05-14Miller v. California · 1973-06-21United States Department of Agriculture v. Murry · 1973-06-25United States Department of Agriculture v. Moreno · 1973-06-25Laotian Civil War · 1973-09-15War Powers Resolution · 1973-11-07War Powers Resolution · 1973-11-07North Dakota State Board of Pharmacy v. Snyder's Drug Stores, Inc. · 1973-12-05Endangered Species Act of 1973 · 1973-12-28Cambodian Civil War · 1974-01-01Edelman v. Jordan · 1974-03-25Mitchell v. W. T. Grant Co. · 1974-05-13Jimenez v. Weinberger · 1974-06-19United States v. Nixon · 1974-07-24Gerald Rudolph Ford Jr. takes office · 1974-08-09Taylor v. Louisiana · 1975-01-21Weinberger v. Wiesenfeld · 1975-03-19United States v. Reliable Transfer Co., Inc. · 1975-05-19John Paul Stevens — Associate Justice · 1975-12-17Michelin Tire Corp. v. Wages · 1976-01-14Buckley v. Valeo · 1976-01-30Hudgens v. National Labor Relations Board · 1976-03-03Virginia State Board of Pharmacy v. Virginia Citizens Consumer Council, Inc. · 1976-05-24Hampton v. Mow Sun Wong · 1976-06-01National League of Cities v. Usery · 1976-06-24Lodge 76 v. Wisconsin Employment Relations Commission · 1976-06-25City of New Orleans v. Dukes · 1976-06-25Gregg v. Georgia · 1976-07-02Craig v. Boren · 1976-12-20Oregon ex rel. State Land Board v. Corvallis Sand & Gravel Co. · 1977-01-12James Earl Carter takes office · 1977-01-20Califano v. Goldfarb · 1977-03-02Complete Auto Transit, Inc. v. Brady · 1977-03-07Continental T.V., Inc. v. GTE Sylvania Inc. · 1977-06-23Wainwright v. Sykes · 1977-06-23Shaffer v. Heitner · 1977-06-24United States Department of Energy · 1977-08-04Department of Revenue of Washington v. Association of Washington Stevedoring Companies · 1978-04-26Marshall v. Barlow's, Inc. · 1978-05-23Monell v. Department of Social Services of the City of New York · 1978-06-06Burks v. United States · 1978-06-14United States v. Scott · 1978-06-14Regents of the University of California v. Bakke · 1978-06-26Duren v. Missouri · 1979-01-09Hughes v. Oklahoma · 1979-04-24Califano v. Westcott · 1979-06-25United States Department of Education · 1979-10-17Trammel v. United States · 1980-02-27United States Department of Health, Education, and Welfare · 1980-05-04United States Department of Health and Human Services · 1980-05-04United States v. Salvucci · 1980-06-25Thomas v. Washington Gas Light Co. · 1980-06-27United States v. Will · 1980-12-15Ronald Wilson Reagan takes office · 1981-01-20Commonwealth Edison Co. v. Montana · 1981-07-02Sandra Day O'Connor — Associate Justice · 1981-09-22Railway Labor Executives' Assn. v. Gibbons · 1982-03-02United States v. Ross · 1982-06-01Northern Pipeline Construction Co. v. Marathon Pipe Line Co. · 1982-06-28Sporhase v. Nebraska ex rel. Douglas · 1982-07-02Lebanese Civil War (Multinational Force) · 1983-01-01United States v. Grace · 1983-04-20Bob Jones University v. United States · 1983-05-24Illinois v. Gates · 1983-06-08Immigration and Naturalization Service v. Chadha · 1983-06-23Bolger v. Youngs Drug Products Corp. · 1983-06-24Michigan v. Long · 1983-07-06Multinational Force in Lebanon Resolution · 1983-10-12Invasion of Grenada · 1983-10-25Invasion of Grenada · 1983-10-28Pennhurst State School and Hospital v. Halderman · 1984-01-23United States v. One Assortment of 89 Firearms · 1984-02-22Limbach v. Hooven & Allison Co. · 1984-04-18Copperweld Corp. v. Independence Tube Corp. · 1984-06-19Chevron U. S. A. Inc. v. Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc. · 1984-06-25Federal Communications Commission v. League of Women Voters of California · 1984-07-02Regan v. Time, Inc. · 1984-07-03Lebanese Civil War (Multinational Force) · 1985-01-01Ronald Wilson Reagan takes office · 1985-01-20Garcia v. San Antonio Metropolitan Transit Authority · 1985-02-19Federal Election Commission v. National Conservative Political Action Committee · 1985-03-18United States v. Miller · 1985-04-01Aguilar v. Felton · 1985-07-01Daniels v. Williams · 1986-01-21United States v. Lane · 1986-01-27Batson v. Kentucky · 1986-04-30Bowsher v. Synar · 1986-07-07William Hubbs Rehnquist — Chief Justice · 1986-09-25Antonin Scalia — Associate Justice · 1986-09-25Tax Reform Act of 1986 · 1986-10-22Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 (Simpson-Mazzoli Act) · 1986-11-06Federal Election Commission v. Massachusetts Citizens for Life, Inc. · 1986-12-15Hodel v. Irving · 1987-05-18Puerto Rico v. Branstad · 1987-06-23Tyler Pipe Industries, Inc. v. Washington State Department of Revenue · 1987-06-23Solorio v. United States · 1987-06-25Welch v. Texas Department of Highways and Public Transportation · 1987-06-25Anthony McLeod Kennedy — Associate Justice · 1988-02-11Gulfstream Aerospace Corporation v. Mayacamas Corporation · 1988-03-22Boos v. Marion S. Barry, Jr. · 1988-03-22South Carolina v. Baker · 1988-04-20Morrison v. Olson · 1988-06-27George Herbert Walker Bush takes office · 1989-01-20United States Department of Veterans Affairs · 1989-03-15Thornburgh v. Abbott · 1989-05-15Rodriguez de Quijas v. Shearson/American Express, Inc. · 1989-05-15Alabama v. Smith · 1989-06-12Healy v. The Beer Institute · 1989-06-19Texas v. Johnson · 1989-06-21Sable Communications of California, Inc. v. Federal Communications Commission · 1989-06-23Invasion of Panama · 1989-12-23Invasion of Panama · 1989-12-24W. S. Kirkpatrick & Co., Inc. v. Environmental Tectonics Corp. · 1990-01-17United States v. Shawn D. Eichman · 1990-06-11Collins v. Youngblood · 1990-06-21Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 · 1990-07-26David Hackett Souter — Associate Justice · 1990-10-03Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Iraq · 1991-01-14Gulf War · 1991-01-17Gulf War · 1991-03-02Arizona v. Fulminante · 1991-03-26California v. Acevedo · 1991-05-30Exxon Corporation v. Central Gulf Lines, Inc. · 1991-06-03Metropolitan Washington Airports Authority v. Citizens for the Abatement of Aircraft Noise, Inc. · 1991-06-17Coleman v. Thompson · 1991-06-24Pervis Tyrone Payne v. Tennessee · 1991-06-27Clarence Thomas — Associate Justice · 1991-10-18J. C. Keeney v. Tamayo-Reyes · 1992-05-04Congressional pay changes · 1992-05-07Quill Corporation v. North Dakota by and Through Its Tax Commissioner · 1992-05-26New York v. United States · 1992-06-19Planned Parenthood of Southeastern Pennsylvania v. Casey · 1992-06-29William Jefferson Clinton takes office · 1993-01-20United States v. Dixon · 1993-06-28Ruth Bader Ginsburg — Associate Justice · 1993-08-05Nichols v. United States · 1994-06-06Director v. Greenwich Collieries · 1994-06-20Stephen Gerald Breyer — Associate Justice · 1994-08-03United States v. National Treasury Employees Union · 1995-02-22Ed Plaut v. Spendthrift Farm, Inc. · 1995-04-18Rubin v. Coors Brewing Company · 1995-04-19United States v. Alfonso Lopez, Jr. · 1995-04-26Hubbard v. United States · 1995-05-15U.S. Term Limits, Inc. v. Ray Thornton · 1995-05-22Adarand Constructors, Inc. v. Federico Pena · 1995-06-12United States v. Gaudin · 1995-06-19Telecommunications Act of 1996 · 1996-02-08Fulton Corporation v. Janice H. Faulkner · 1996-02-21Seminole Tribe of Florida v. Florida · 1996-03-27Inc. v. Rhode Island and Rhode Island Liquor Stores Association · 1996-05-13United States v. International Business Machines Corporation · 1996-06-10Lewis v. Fletcher Casey, Jr. · 1996-06-24Colorado Republican Federal Campaign Committee and Douglas Jones v. Federal Election Commission · 1996-06-26Denver Area Educational Telecommunications Consortium, Inc. v. Federal Communications Commission · 1996-06-28Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996 · 1996-08-22William Jefferson Clinton takes office · 1997-01-20Babbitt v. Marvin K. Youpee, Sr. · 1997-01-21Clinton v. Paula Corbin Jones · 1997-05-27Rachel Agostini v. Betty-Louise Felton · 1997-06-23City of Boerne v. P. F. Flores · 1997-06-25Reno v. American Civil Liberties Union · 1997-06-26Jay Printz v. United States · 1997-06-27State Oil Company v. Barkat U. Khan and Khan & Associates, Inc. · 1997-11-04Hudson v. United States · 1997-12-10C. Elvin Feltner, Jr. v. Columbia Pictures Television, Inc. · 1998-03-31United States v. United States Shoe Corporation · 1998-03-31Arnold F. Hohn v. United States · 1998-06-15United States v. Hosep Krikor Bajakajian · 1998-06-22Clinton v. City of New York · 1998-06-25Eastern Enterprises v. Apfel · 1998-06-25Kosovo War · 1999-03-24Minnesota v. Mille Lacs Band of Chippewa Indians · 1999-03-24Greater New Orleans Broadcasting Association, Inc. v. United States · 1999-06-14Florida Prepaid Postsecondary Education Expense Board v. College Savings Bank and United States · 1999-06-23College Savings Bank v. Florida Prepaid Postsecondary Education Expense Board · 1999-06-23Alden v. Maine · 1999-06-23Kosovo War · 1999-11-22J. Daniel Kimel, Jr. v. Florida Board of Regents · 2000-01-11United States v. Morrison · 2000-05-15United States v. Playboy Entertainment Group, Inc. · 2000-05-22Dickerson v. United States · 2000-06-26Guy Mitchell v. Helms · 2000-06-28Bush v. Gore · 2000-12-12George Walker Bush takes office · 2001-01-20Board of Trustees of the University of Alabama v. Garrett · 2001-02-21Legal Services Corporation v. Carmen Velazquez · 2001-02-28United States v. Hatter · 2001-05-21United States and Department of Agriculture v. United Foods, Inc. · 2001-06-25War against al-Qaida · 2001-09-11Authorization for Use of Military Force (2001) · 2001-09-18Invasion of Afghanistan · 2001-10-07Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism (USA PATRIOT ACT) Act of 2001 · 2001-10-26Invasion of Afghanistan · 2001-11-14No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 · 2002-01-08Ashcroft v. The Free Speech Coalition · 2002-04-16Tommy G. Thompson v. Western States Medical Center · 2002-04-29Lapides v. Board of Regents of the University System of Georgia · 2002-05-13United States v. Cotton · 2002-05-20Daryl Renard Atkins v. Virginia · 2002-06-20Ring v. Arizona · 2002-06-24Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 · 2002-07-30Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Iraq (2002) · 2002-10-16United States Department of Homeland Security · 2002-11-25Homeland Security Act of 2002 · 2002-11-25War in Afghanistan (Taliban insurgency) · 2003-01-01Invasion of Iraq · 2003-03-23Invasion of Iraq · 2003-04-29Grutter v. Lee Bollinger · 2003-06-23Lawrence v. Texas · 2003-06-26Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act of 2003 · 2003-12-08Mitch McConnell v. Federal Election Commission · 2003-12-10Iraq: insurgency and war against IS · 2004-01-18Crawford v. Washington · 2004-03-08Hamdi v. Rumsfeld · 2004-06-28United States v. Freddie J. Booker · 2005-01-12George Walker Bush takes office · 2005-01-20Roper v. Simmons · 2005-03-01Susette Kelo v. City of New London · 2005-06-23John Glover Roberts, Jr. — Chief Justice · 2005-09-29Central Virginia Community College v. Katz · 2006-01-23Samuel A. Alito, Jr. — Associate Justice · 2006-01-31Illinois Tool Works Inc. v. Independent Ink, Inc. · 2006-03-01Salim Ahmed Hamdan v. Rumsfeld · 2006-06-29Massachusetts v. Environmental Protection Agency · 2007-04-02Alberto R. Gonzales v. Leroy Carhart · 2007-04-18Bell Atlantic Corporation v. Twombly · 2007-05-21Bowles v. Russell · 2007-06-14Federal Election Commission v. Wisconsin Right to Life, Inc. · 2007-06-25Parents Involved in Community Schools v. Seattle School District No. 1 · 2007-06-28Leegin Creative Leather Products, Inc. v. PSKS, Inc. · 2007-06-28Boumediene v. Bush · 2008-06-12District of Columbia v. Heller · 2008-06-26Davis v. FEC · 2008-06-26Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008 · 2008-10-03Yemen: Houthis and AQAP · 2009-01-01Barack Hussein Obama takes office · 2009-01-20Cordell Pearson v. Afton Callahan · 2009-01-21American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 · 2009-02-17Montejo v. Louisiana · 2009-05-26Sonia Sotomayor — Associate Justice · 2009-08-06Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission · 2010-01-21Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act · 2010-03-23United States v. Stevens · 2010-04-20Free Enterprise Fund and Beckstead and Watts v. Public Company Accounting Oversight Board · 2010-06-28Otis McDonald v. City of Chicago · 2010-06-28Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act · 2010-07-21Elena Kagan — Associate Justice · 2010-08-06Pepper v. United States · 2011-03-02Bond v. United States · 2011-06-16Stern v. Elaine T. Marshall · 2011-06-23Iraq: insurgency and war against IS · 2011-12-19Hosanna-Tabor Evangelical Lutheran Church and School v. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission · 2012-01-11Coleman v. Court of Appeals of Maryland · 2012-03-20United States v. Xavier Alvarez · 2012-06-28National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius · 2012-06-28Barack Hussein Obama takes office · 2013-01-20Alleyne v. United States · 2013-06-17Agency for International Development v. Alliance for Open Society International, Inc. · 2013-06-20Shelby County v. Holder · 2013-06-25United States v. Windsor · 2013-06-26McCutcheon v. FEC · 2014-04-02Iraq: insurgency and war against IS · 2014-08-08Yemen: Houthis and AQAP · 2015-01-01Somalia: al-Shabaab · 2015-01-01Afghanistan: Islamic State · 2015-03-03Zivotofsky v. Kerry · 2015-06-08Horne v. Department of Agriculture · 2015-06-22King v. Burwell · 2015-06-25Johnson v. United States · 2015-06-26Obergefell v. Hodges · 2015-06-26Libya: Islamic State · 2016-01-01Hurst v. Florida · 2016-01-12Niger: Islamic State · 2017-01-01Donald J. Trump takes office · 2017-01-20Neil M. Gorsuch — Associate Justice · 2017-04-08Sessions v. Morales-Santana · 2017-06-12Matal v. Tam · 2017-06-19War against al-Qaida · 2017-12-05Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 · 2017-12-22Sessions v. Dimaya · 2018-04-17Murphy v. National Collegiate Athletic Association · 2018-05-14South Dakota v. Wayfair · 2018-06-21Trump v. Hawaii · 2018-06-26Janus v. American Federation of State · 2018-06-27Brett M. Kavanaugh — Associate Justice · 2018-10-06Kenya: al-Shabaab · 2019-01-01Franchise Tax Board of California v. Hyatt · 2019-05-13Herrera v. Wyoming · 2019-05-20Somalia: Islamic State · 2019-06-04Knick v. Township of Scott · 2019-06-21Iancu v. Brunetti · 2019-06-24United States v. Davis · 2019-06-24United States v. Haymond · 2019-06-26Rucho v. Common Cause · 2019-06-27War against al-Qaida · 2019-07-31War against al-Qaida · 2019-09-08Libya: Islamic State · 2019-09-30Iran–Israel conflict · 2020-01-01Allen v. Cooper · 2020-03-23Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act · 2020-03-27Ramos v. Louisiana · 2020-04-20Bostock v. Clayton County · 2020-06-15Seila Law LLC v. Consumer Financial Protection Bureau · 2020-06-29Barr v. American Association of Political Consultants Inc. · 2020-07-06Amy Coney Barrett — Associate Justice · 2020-10-26Joseph Robinette Biden Jr. takes office · 2021-01-20American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 · 2021-03-11Edwards v. Vannoy · 2021-05-17United States v. Arthrex Inc. · 2021-06-21Collins v. Yellen · 2021-06-23War in Afghanistan (Taliban insurgency) · 2021-08-31Afghanistan: Islamic State · 2021-08-31Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act · 2021-11-15Niger: JNIM · 2021-12-09Somalia: Islamic State · 2021-12-20Kenya: al-Shabaab · 2022-01-01Ketanji Brown Jackson — Associate Justice · 2022-04-08Federal Election Commission v. Ted Cruz for Senate · 2022-05-16Shinn v. Ramirez · 2022-05-23Siegel v. Fitzgerald · 2022-06-06New York State Rifle & Pistol Association Inc. v. Bruen · 2022-06-23Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization · 2022-06-24Kennedy v. Bremerton School District · 2022-06-27West Virginia v. Environmental Protection Agency · 2022-06-30CHIPS and Science Act or Creating Helpful Incentives to Produce Semiconductors for America Act · 2022-08-09Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 · 2022-08-16Niger: JNIM · 2023-01-01Niger: Islamic State · 2023-01-01Allen v. Milligan · 2023-06-08Students for Fair Admissions Inc. v. President & Fellows of Harvard College · 2023-06-29Biden v. Nebraska · 2023-06-30Red Sea: the Houthis (Yemen) · 2024-02-03Trump v. Anderson · 2024-03-04Securities and Exchange Commission v. Jarkesy · 2024-06-27Loper Bright Enterprises v. Raimondo · 2024-06-28Trump v. United States · 2024-07-01Syria: Islamic State · 2025-01-01Nigeria: Islamic State · 2025-01-01Donald J. Trump takes office · 2025-01-20Somalia: Islamic State · 2025-02-01United States v. Skrmetti · 2025-06-18Trump v. Casa, Inc. · 2025-06-27One Big Beautiful Bill Act · 2025-07-04Learning Resources v. Trump · 2026-02-20Louisiana v. Callais · 2026-04-29Cisco Systems v. Doe · 2026-06-23Trump v. Slaughter · 2026-06-29National Republican Senatorial Committee v. Federal Election Commission · 2026-06-3019501960197019801990200020102020
  1. rulingUnited States v. Lovett
  2. justiceFrederick Moore Vinson — Chief Justice
  3. rulingHalliburton Oil Well Cementing Co. v. Walker
  4. rulingMacgregor v. Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Co.
  5. rulingAngel v. Bullington
  6. lawTaft–Hartley Act
  7. lawNational Security Act of 1947
  8. agency−United States Department of War
  9. agency+National Military Establishment
  10. rulingShelley v. Kraemer
  11. rulingSherrer v. Sherrer
  12. rulingLincoln Federal Labor Union v. Northwestern Iron & Metal Co.
  13. rulingCommissioner of Internal Revenue v. Estate of Church
  14. presidentHarry S. Truman takes office
  15. rulingOtt v. Mississippi Valley Barge Line Co.
  16. rulingOklahoma Tax Commission v. Texas Company
  17. rulingCosmopolitan Shipping Co. v. McAllister
  18. agency−National Military Establishment
  19. agency+United States Department of Defense
  20. justiceTom C. Clark — Associate Justice
  21. justiceSherman Minton — Associate Justice
  22. rulingUnited States v. Rabinowitz
  23. rulingDarr v. Burford
  24. war+Korean War
  25. war+Puerto Rican Nationalist uprising
  26. war−Puerto Rican Nationalist uprising
  27. amendmentPresidential term limits
  28. rulingStandard Oil Co. v. Peck
  29. rulingJoseph Burstyn, Inc. v. Wilson
  30. rulingYoungstown Sheet & Tube Co. v. Sawyer
  31. rulingUnited States v. Cardiff
  32. presidentDwight David Eisenhower takes office
  33. agency+United States Department of Health, Education, and Welfare
  34. war−Korean War
  35. justiceEarl Warren — Chief Justice
  36. rulingBrown v. Board of Education of Topeka
  37. rulingBolling v. Sharpe
  38. war+Taiwan Strait crisis
  39. war−Taiwan Strait crisis
  40. justiceJohn Marshall Harlan — Associate Justice
  41. rulingBrown v. Board of Education of Topeka
  42. rulingCarroll v. Lanza
  43. rulingUnited States ex rel. Toth v. Quarles
  44. lawFederal Aid Highway Act of 1956
  45. presidentDwight David Eisenhower takes office
  46. justiceWilliam Joseph Brennan, Jr. — Associate Justice
  47. justiceCharles Evans Whittaker — Associate Justice
  48. rulingReid v. Covert
  49. rulingVanderbilt v. Vanderbilt
  50. rulingTrop v. Dulles
  51. rulingCooper v. Aaron
  52. rulingLadner v. United States
  53. war+Taiwan Strait crisis
  54. war−Taiwan Strait crisis
  55. stateAlaska
  56. justicePotter Stewart — Associate Justice
  57. stateHawaii
  58. rulingKinsella v. United States ex rel. Singleton
  59. rulingGrisham v. Hagan
  60. rulingMcElroy v. United States ex rel. Guagliardo
  61. rulingUnited States v. Raines
  62. rulingElkins v. United States
  63. presidentJohn Fitzgerald Kennedy takes office
  64. amendmentElectoral votes for Washington, D.C.
  65. war+Bay of Pigs invasion
  66. war−Bay of Pigs invasion
  67. rulingJames v. United States
  68. rulingMapp v. Ohio
  69. war+Vietnam: South Vietnam vs. the Viet Cong
  70. rulingBaker v. Carr
  71. justiceByron Raymond White — Associate Justice
  72. rulingEngel v. Vitale
  73. justiceArthur Joseph Goldberg — Associate Justice
  74. rulingSmith v. Evening News Association
  75. rulingLocal No. 438 Construction & General Laborers' Union v. Curry
  76. rulingKennedy v. Mendoza-Martinez
  77. rulingGideon v. Wainwright
  78. rulingGray v. Sanders
  79. rulingFay v. Noia
  80. rulingFerguson v. Skrupa
  81. rulingSchool District of Abington Township v. Schempp
  82. presidentLyndon Baines Johnson takes office
  83. lawClean Air Act
  84. war+Laotian Civil War
  85. amendmentAbolition of poll taxes in federal elections
  86. rulingWesberry v. Sanders
  87. rulingNew York Times Co. v. Sullivan
  88. rulingSchneider v. Rusk
  89. rulingReynolds v. Sims
  90. rulingMalloy v. Hogan
  91. rulingMurphy v. Waterfront Commission of New York Harbor
  92. rulingJackson v. Denno
  93. rulingEscobedo v. Illinois
  94. rulingAptheker v. Secretary of State
  95. lawCivil Rights Act of 1964
  96. war powersGulf of Tonkin Resolution
  97. rulingMcLaughlin v. Florida
  98. rulingHeart of Atlanta Motel, Inc. v. United States
  99. war−Vietnam: South Vietnam vs. the Viet Cong
  100. presidentLyndon Baines Johnson takes office
  101. rulingPointer v. Texas
  102. lawElementary and Secondary Education Act
  103. rulingLamont v. Postmaster General
  104. rulingUnited States v. Brown
  105. rulingGriswold v. Connecticut
  106. lawSocial Security Amendments of 1965
  107. lawVoting Rights Act of 1965
  108. justiceAbe Fortas — Associate Justice
  109. agency+United States Department of Housing and Urban Development
  110. lawImmigration and Nationality Act of 1965
  111. lawHigher Education Act of 1965
  112. rulingAlbertson v. Subversive Activities Control Board
  113. rulingSwift & Co., Inc. v. Wickham
  114. rulingUnited States v. Romano
  115. rulingHarris v. United States
  116. war+Vietnam War
  117. rulingSouth Carolina v. Katzenbach
  118. rulingHarper v. Virginia Board of Elections
  119. rulingMiranda v. Arizona
  120. lawFreedom of Information Act
  121. agency+United States Department of Transportation
  122. rulingSpevack v. Klein
  123. rulingKeyishian v. Board of Regents of the University of the State of New York
  124. amendmentPresidential succession and disability
  125. rulingAfroyim v. Rusk
  126. rulingWarden v. Hayden
  127. rulingCamara v. Municipal Court of the City and County of San Francisco
  128. rulingLoving v. Virginia
  129. rulingBerger v. New York
  130. justiceThurgood Marshall — Associate Justice
  131. rulingUnited States v. Robel
  132. rulingKatz v. United States
  133. rulingMarchetti v. United States
  134. rulingGrosso v. United States
  135. rulingHaynes v. United States
  136. rulingUnited States v. Jackson
  137. lawCivil Rights Act of 1968
  138. rulingPeyton v. Rowe
  139. rulingBruton v. United States
  140. rulingDuncan v. Louisiana
  141. rulingCarafas v. Lavallee
  142. rulingTerry v. Ohio
  143. rulingLee v. Florida
  144. rulingJones v. Alfred H. Mayer Co.
  145. presidentRichard Milhous Nixon takes office
  146. rulingTinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District
  147. rulingMoore v. Ogilvie
  148. rulingLeary v. United States
  149. rulingO'Callahan v. Parker
  150. rulingBrandenburg v. Ohio
  151. rulingLear, Inc. v. Adkins
  152. justiceWarren Earl Burger — Chief Justice
  153. rulingChimel v. California
  154. rulingBenton v. Maryland
  155. war+Cambodian Civil War
  156. lawNational Environmental Policy Act
  157. rulingTurner v. United States
  158. rulingAshe v. Swenson
  159. justiceHarry Andrew Blackmun — Associate Justice
  160. rulingSchacht v. United States
  161. rulingBoys Markets, Inc. v. Retail Clerks Union
  162. rulingPrice v. Georgia
  163. rulingMoragne v. States Marine Lines, Inc.
  164. rulingWilliams v. Florida
  165. rulingOregon v. Mitchell
  166. lawOccupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA)
  167. war powersGulf of Tonkin Resolution repealed
  168. rulingBlount v. Rizzi
  169. rulingUnited States v. United States Coin & Currency
  170. rulingSwann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education
  171. rulingBlonder-Tongue Laboratories, Inc. v. University of Illinois Foundation
  172. rulingPerez v. Campbell
  173. rulingGriffin v. Breckenridge
  174. rulingLemon v. Kurtzman
  175. rulingTilton v. Richardson
  176. rulingNew York Times Co. v. United States
  177. agency−United States Post Office Department
  178. amendmentVoting age lowered to 18
  179. justiceLewis Franklin Powell, Jr. — Associate Justice
  180. justiceWilliam Hubbs Rehnquist — Associate Justice
  181. rulingDunn v. Blumstein
  182. rulingIllinois v. City of Milwaukee
  183. rulingAndrews v. Louisville & Nashville Railroad Co.
  184. rulingFurman v. Georgia
  185. lawClean Water Act
  186. presidentRichard Milhous Nixon takes office
  187. rulingRoe v. Wade
  188. rulingLehnhausen v. Lake Shore Auto Parts Co.
  189. rulingBraden v. 30th Judicial Circuit Court of Kentucky
  190. war−Vietnam War
  191. rulingFrontiero v. Richardson
  192. rulingMiller v. California
  193. rulingUnited States Department of Agriculture v. Murry
  194. rulingUnited States Department of Agriculture v. Moreno
  195. war−Laotian Civil War
  196. war powersWar Powers Resolution
  197. lawWar Powers Resolution
  198. rulingNorth Dakota State Board of Pharmacy v. Snyder's Drug Stores, Inc.
  199. lawEndangered Species Act of 1973
  200. war−Cambodian Civil War
  201. rulingEdelman v. Jordan
  202. rulingMitchell v. W. T. Grant Co.
  203. rulingJimenez v. Weinberger
  204. rulingUnited States v. Nixon
  205. presidentGerald Rudolph Ford Jr. takes office
  206. rulingTaylor v. Louisiana
  207. rulingWeinberger v. Wiesenfeld
  208. rulingUnited States v. Reliable Transfer Co., Inc.
  209. justiceJohn Paul Stevens — Associate Justice
  210. rulingMichelin Tire Corp. v. Wages
  211. rulingBuckley v. Valeo
  212. rulingHudgens v. National Labor Relations Board
  213. rulingVirginia State Board of Pharmacy v. Virginia Citizens Consumer Council, Inc.
  214. rulingHampton v. Mow Sun Wong
  215. rulingNational League of Cities v. Usery
  216. rulingLodge 76 v. Wisconsin Employment Relations Commission
  217. rulingCity of New Orleans v. Dukes
  218. rulingGregg v. Georgia
  219. rulingCraig v. Boren
  220. rulingOregon ex rel. State Land Board v. Corvallis Sand & Gravel Co.
  221. presidentJames Earl Carter takes office
  222. rulingCalifano v. Goldfarb
  223. rulingComplete Auto Transit, Inc. v. Brady
  224. rulingContinental T.V., Inc. v. GTE Sylvania Inc.
  225. rulingWainwright v. Sykes
  226. rulingShaffer v. Heitner
  227. agency+United States Department of Energy
  228. rulingDepartment of Revenue of Washington v. Association of Washington Stevedoring Companies
  229. rulingMarshall v. Barlow's, Inc.
  230. rulingMonell v. Department of Social Services of the City of New York
  231. rulingBurks v. United States
  232. rulingUnited States v. Scott
  233. rulingRegents of the University of California v. Bakke
  234. rulingDuren v. Missouri
  235. rulingHughes v. Oklahoma
  236. rulingCalifano v. Westcott
  237. agency+United States Department of Education
  238. rulingTrammel v. United States
  239. agency−United States Department of Health, Education, and Welfare
  240. agency+United States Department of Health and Human Services
  241. rulingUnited States v. Salvucci
  242. rulingThomas v. Washington Gas Light Co.
  243. rulingUnited States v. Will
  244. presidentRonald Wilson Reagan takes office
  245. rulingCommonwealth Edison Co. v. Montana
  246. justiceSandra Day O'Connor — Associate Justice
  247. rulingRailway Labor Executives' Assn. v. Gibbons
  248. rulingUnited States v. Ross
  249. rulingNorthern Pipeline Construction Co. v. Marathon Pipe Line Co.
  250. rulingSporhase v. Nebraska ex rel. Douglas
  251. war+Lebanese Civil War (Multinational Force)
  252. rulingUnited States v. Grace
  253. rulingBob Jones University v. United States
  254. rulingIllinois v. Gates
  255. rulingImmigration and Naturalization Service v. Chadha
  256. rulingBolger v. Youngs Drug Products Corp.
  257. rulingMichigan v. Long
  258. war powersMultinational Force in Lebanon Resolution
  259. war+Invasion of Grenada
  260. war−Invasion of Grenada
  261. rulingPennhurst State School and Hospital v. Halderman
  262. rulingUnited States v. One Assortment of 89 Firearms
  263. rulingLimbach v. Hooven & Allison Co.
  264. rulingCopperweld Corp. v. Independence Tube Corp.
  265. rulingChevron U. S. A. Inc. v. Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc.
  266. rulingFederal Communications Commission v. League of Women Voters of California
  267. rulingRegan v. Time, Inc.
  268. war−Lebanese Civil War (Multinational Force)
  269. presidentRonald Wilson Reagan takes office
  270. rulingGarcia v. San Antonio Metropolitan Transit Authority
  271. rulingFederal Election Commission v. National Conservative Political Action Committee
  272. rulingUnited States v. Miller
  273. rulingAguilar v. Felton
  274. rulingDaniels v. Williams
  275. rulingUnited States v. Lane
  276. rulingBatson v. Kentucky
  277. rulingBowsher v. Synar
  278. justiceWilliam Hubbs Rehnquist — Chief Justice
  279. justiceAntonin Scalia — Associate Justice
  280. lawTax Reform Act of 1986
  281. lawImmigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 (Simpson-Mazzoli Act)
  282. rulingFederal Election Commission v. Massachusetts Citizens for Life, Inc.
  283. rulingHodel v. Irving
  284. rulingPuerto Rico v. Branstad
  285. rulingTyler Pipe Industries, Inc. v. Washington State Department of Revenue
  286. rulingSolorio v. United States
  287. rulingWelch v. Texas Department of Highways and Public Transportation
  288. justiceAnthony McLeod Kennedy — Associate Justice
  289. rulingGulfstream Aerospace Corporation v. Mayacamas Corporation
  290. rulingBoos v. Marion S. Barry, Jr.
  291. rulingSouth Carolina v. Baker
  292. rulingMorrison v. Olson
  293. presidentGeorge Herbert Walker Bush takes office
  294. agency+United States Department of Veterans Affairs
  295. rulingThornburgh v. Abbott
  296. rulingRodriguez de Quijas v. Shearson/American Express, Inc.
  297. rulingAlabama v. Smith
  298. rulingHealy v. The Beer Institute
  299. rulingTexas v. Johnson
  300. rulingSable Communications of California, Inc. v. Federal Communications Commission
  301. war+Invasion of Panama
  302. war−Invasion of Panama
  303. rulingW. S. Kirkpatrick & Co., Inc. v. Environmental Tectonics Corp.
  304. rulingUnited States v. Shawn D. Eichman
  305. rulingCollins v. Youngblood
  306. lawAmericans with Disabilities Act of 1990
  307. justiceDavid Hackett Souter — Associate Justice
  308. war powersAuthorization for Use of Military Force Against Iraq
  309. war+Gulf War
  310. war−Gulf War
  311. rulingArizona v. Fulminante
  312. rulingCalifornia v. Acevedo
  313. rulingExxon Corporation v. Central Gulf Lines, Inc.
  314. rulingMetropolitan Washington Airports Authority v. Citizens for the Abatement of Aircraft Noise, Inc.
  315. rulingColeman v. Thompson
  316. rulingPervis Tyrone Payne v. Tennessee
  317. justiceClarence Thomas — Associate Justice
  318. rulingJ. C. Keeney v. Tamayo-Reyes
  319. amendmentCongressional pay changes
  320. rulingQuill Corporation v. North Dakota by and Through Its Tax Commissioner
  321. rulingNew York v. United States
  322. rulingPlanned Parenthood of Southeastern Pennsylvania v. Casey
  323. presidentWilliam Jefferson Clinton takes office
  324. rulingUnited States v. Dixon
  325. justiceRuth Bader Ginsburg — Associate Justice
  326. rulingNichols v. United States
  327. rulingDirector v. Greenwich Collieries
  328. justiceStephen Gerald Breyer — Associate Justice
  329. rulingUnited States v. National Treasury Employees Union
  330. rulingEd Plaut v. Spendthrift Farm, Inc.
  331. rulingRubin v. Coors Brewing Company
  332. rulingUnited States v. Alfonso Lopez, Jr.
  333. rulingHubbard v. United States
  334. rulingU.S. Term Limits, Inc. v. Ray Thornton
  335. rulingAdarand Constructors, Inc. v. Federico Pena
  336. rulingUnited States v. Gaudin
  337. lawTelecommunications Act of 1996
  338. rulingFulton Corporation v. Janice H. Faulkner
  339. rulingSeminole Tribe of Florida v. Florida
  340. rulingInc. v. Rhode Island and Rhode Island Liquor Stores Association
  341. rulingUnited States v. International Business Machines Corporation
  342. rulingLewis v. Fletcher Casey, Jr.
  343. rulingColorado Republican Federal Campaign Committee and Douglas Jones v. Federal Election Commission
  344. rulingDenver Area Educational Telecommunications Consortium, Inc. v. Federal Communications Commission
  345. lawPersonal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996
  346. presidentWilliam Jefferson Clinton takes office
  347. rulingBabbitt v. Marvin K. Youpee, Sr.
  348. rulingClinton v. Paula Corbin Jones
  349. rulingRachel Agostini v. Betty-Louise Felton
  350. rulingCity of Boerne v. P. F. Flores
  351. rulingReno v. American Civil Liberties Union
  352. rulingJay Printz v. United States
  353. rulingState Oil Company v. Barkat U. Khan and Khan & Associates, Inc.
  354. rulingHudson v. United States
  355. rulingC. Elvin Feltner, Jr. v. Columbia Pictures Television, Inc.
  356. rulingUnited States v. United States Shoe Corporation
  357. rulingArnold F. Hohn v. United States
  358. rulingUnited States v. Hosep Krikor Bajakajian
  359. rulingClinton v. City of New York
  360. rulingEastern Enterprises v. Apfel
  361. war+Kosovo War
  362. rulingMinnesota v. Mille Lacs Band of Chippewa Indians
  363. rulingGreater New Orleans Broadcasting Association, Inc. v. United States
  364. rulingFlorida Prepaid Postsecondary Education Expense Board v. College Savings Bank and United States
  365. rulingCollege Savings Bank v. Florida Prepaid Postsecondary Education Expense Board
  366. rulingAlden v. Maine
  367. war−Kosovo War
  368. rulingJ. Daniel Kimel, Jr. v. Florida Board of Regents
  369. rulingUnited States v. Morrison
  370. rulingUnited States v. Playboy Entertainment Group, Inc.
  371. rulingDickerson v. United States
  372. rulingGuy Mitchell v. Helms
  373. rulingBush v. Gore
  374. presidentGeorge Walker Bush takes office
  375. rulingBoard of Trustees of the University of Alabama v. Garrett
  376. rulingLegal Services Corporation v. Carmen Velazquez
  377. rulingUnited States v. Hatter
  378. rulingUnited States and Department of Agriculture v. United Foods, Inc.
  379. war+War against al-Qaida
  380. war powersAuthorization for Use of Military Force (2001)
  381. war+Invasion of Afghanistan
  382. lawUniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism (USA PATRIOT ACT) Act of 2001
  383. war−Invasion of Afghanistan
  384. lawNo Child Left Behind Act of 2001
  385. rulingAshcroft v. The Free Speech Coalition
  386. rulingTommy G. Thompson v. Western States Medical Center
  387. rulingLapides v. Board of Regents of the University System of Georgia
  388. rulingUnited States v. Cotton
  389. rulingDaryl Renard Atkins v. Virginia
  390. rulingRing v. Arizona
  391. lawSarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
  392. war powersAuthorization for Use of Military Force Against Iraq (2002)
  393. agency+United States Department of Homeland Security
  394. lawHomeland Security Act of 2002
  395. war+War in Afghanistan (Taliban insurgency)
  396. war+Invasion of Iraq
  397. war−Invasion of Iraq
  398. rulingGrutter v. Lee Bollinger
  399. rulingLawrence v. Texas
  400. lawMedicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act of 2003
  401. rulingMitch McConnell v. Federal Election Commission
  402. war+Iraq: insurgency and war against IS
  403. rulingCrawford v. Washington
  404. rulingHamdi v. Rumsfeld
  405. rulingUnited States v. Freddie J. Booker
  406. presidentGeorge Walker Bush takes office
  407. rulingRoper v. Simmons
  408. rulingSusette Kelo v. City of New London
  409. justiceJohn Glover Roberts, Jr. — Chief Justice
  410. rulingCentral Virginia Community College v. Katz
  411. justiceSamuel A. Alito, Jr. — Associate Justice
  412. rulingIllinois Tool Works Inc. v. Independent Ink, Inc.
  413. rulingSalim Ahmed Hamdan v. Rumsfeld
  414. rulingMassachusetts v. Environmental Protection Agency
  415. rulingAlberto R. Gonzales v. Leroy Carhart
  416. rulingBell Atlantic Corporation v. Twombly
  417. rulingBowles v. Russell
  418. rulingFederal Election Commission v. Wisconsin Right to Life, Inc.
  419. rulingParents Involved in Community Schools v. Seattle School District No. 1
  420. rulingLeegin Creative Leather Products, Inc. v. PSKS, Inc.
  421. rulingBoumediene v. Bush
  422. rulingDistrict of Columbia v. Heller
  423. rulingDavis v. FEC
  424. lawEmergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008
  425. war+Yemen: Houthis and AQAP
  426. presidentBarack Hussein Obama takes office
  427. rulingCordell Pearson v. Afton Callahan
  428. lawAmerican Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009
  429. rulingMontejo v. Louisiana
  430. justiceSonia Sotomayor — Associate Justice
  431. rulingCitizens United v. Federal Election Commission
  432. lawPatient Protection and Affordable Care Act
  433. rulingUnited States v. Stevens
  434. rulingFree Enterprise Fund and Beckstead and Watts v. Public Company Accounting Oversight Board
  435. rulingOtis McDonald v. City of Chicago
  436. lawDodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act
  437. justiceElena Kagan — Associate Justice
  438. rulingPepper v. United States
  439. rulingBond v. United States
  440. rulingStern v. Elaine T. Marshall
  441. war−Iraq: insurgency and war against IS
  442. rulingHosanna-Tabor Evangelical Lutheran Church and School v. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
  443. rulingColeman v. Court of Appeals of Maryland
  444. rulingUnited States v. Xavier Alvarez
  445. rulingNational Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius
  446. presidentBarack Hussein Obama takes office
  447. rulingAlleyne v. United States
  448. rulingAgency for International Development v. Alliance for Open Society International, Inc.
  449. rulingShelby County v. Holder
  450. rulingUnited States v. Windsor
  451. rulingMcCutcheon v. FEC
  452. war+Iraq: insurgency and war against IS
  453. war−Yemen: Houthis and AQAP
  454. war+Somalia: al-Shabaab
  455. war+Afghanistan: Islamic State
  456. rulingZivotofsky v. Kerry
  457. rulingHorne v. Department of Agriculture
  458. rulingKing v. Burwell
  459. rulingJohnson v. United States
  460. rulingObergefell v. Hodges
  461. war+Libya: Islamic State
  462. rulingHurst v. Florida
  463. war+Niger: Islamic State
  464. presidentDonald J. Trump takes office
  465. justiceNeil M. Gorsuch — Associate Justice
  466. rulingSessions v. Morales-Santana
  467. rulingMatal v. Tam
  468. war−War against al-Qaida
  469. lawTax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017
  470. rulingSessions v. Dimaya
  471. rulingMurphy v. National Collegiate Athletic Association
  472. rulingSouth Dakota v. Wayfair
  473. rulingTrump v. Hawaii
  474. rulingJanus v. American Federation of State
  475. justiceBrett M. Kavanaugh — Associate Justice
  476. war+Kenya: al-Shabaab
  477. rulingFranchise Tax Board of California v. Hyatt
  478. rulingHerrera v. Wyoming
  479. war+Somalia: Islamic State
  480. rulingKnick v. Township of Scott
  481. rulingIancu v. Brunetti
  482. rulingUnited States v. Davis
  483. rulingUnited States v. Haymond
  484. rulingRucho v. Common Cause
  485. war+War against al-Qaida
  486. war−War against al-Qaida
  487. war−Libya: Islamic State
  488. war+Iran–Israel conflict
  489. rulingAllen v. Cooper
  490. lawCoronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act
  491. rulingRamos v. Louisiana
  492. rulingBostock v. Clayton County
  493. rulingSeila Law LLC v. Consumer Financial Protection Bureau
  494. rulingBarr v. American Association of Political Consultants Inc.
  495. justiceAmy Coney Barrett — Associate Justice
  496. presidentJoseph Robinette Biden Jr. takes office
  497. lawAmerican Rescue Plan Act of 2021
  498. rulingEdwards v. Vannoy
  499. rulingUnited States v. Arthrex Inc.
  500. rulingCollins v. Yellen
  501. war−War in Afghanistan (Taliban insurgency)
  502. war−Afghanistan: Islamic State
  503. lawInfrastructure Investment and Jobs Act
  504. war+Niger: JNIM
  505. war−Somalia: Islamic State
  506. war−Kenya: al-Shabaab
  507. justiceKetanji Brown Jackson — Associate Justice
  508. rulingFederal Election Commission v. Ted Cruz for Senate
  509. rulingShinn v. Ramirez
  510. rulingSiegel v. Fitzgerald
  511. rulingNew York State Rifle & Pistol Association Inc. v. Bruen
  512. rulingDobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization
  513. rulingKennedy v. Bremerton School District
  514. rulingWest Virginia v. Environmental Protection Agency
  515. lawCHIPS and Science Act or Creating Helpful Incentives to Produce Semiconductors for America Act
  516. lawInflation Reduction Act of 2022
  517. war−Niger: JNIM
  518. war−Niger: Islamic State
  519. rulingAllen v. Milligan
  520. rulingStudents for Fair Admissions Inc. v. President & Fellows of Harvard College
  521. rulingBiden v. Nebraska
  522. war+Red Sea: the Houthis (Yemen)
  523. rulingTrump v. Anderson
  524. rulingSecurities and Exchange Commission v. Jarkesy
  525. rulingLoper Bright Enterprises v. Raimondo
  526. rulingTrump v. United States
  527. war+Syria: Islamic State
  528. war+Nigeria: Islamic State
  529. presidentDonald J. Trump takes office
  530. war+Somalia: Islamic State
  531. rulingUnited States v. Skrmetti
  532. rulingTrump v. Casa, Inc.
  533. lawOne Big Beautiful Bill Act
  534. rulingLearning Resources v. Trump
  535. rulingLouisiana v. Callais
  536. rulingCisco Systems v. Doe
  537. rulingTrump v. Slaughter
  538. rulingNational Republican Senatorial Committee v. Federal Election Commission