How did the United States change between Sep 3, 1929 and Oct 16, 2026?

Every branch of government, compared side by side.

Trump II so farBiden termTrump I termObama termSince 9/11Since ReaganPostwar → nowSurprise me
24 files changed, 166,969 insertions(+), 1,313 deletions(−) · 97 years
Laws enacted
+3,005
major laws · full counts from 1973
Executive orders
+1,549
signed · since 1994 only
Final rules
+119,835
9,497 significant
Supreme Court
9 of 9
seats changed hands
Agencies
+431 −119
departments & tracked agencies
Public debt
+$40.3T
$16.9B → $40.3T

The presidency passed from Herbert Clark Hoover to Donald J. Trump across 16 transitions. 100 senators and 433 representatives took seats that they did not hold before. 9 new justices joined the Supreme Court. 8 constitutional amendments were ratified.

Executive7 files+138,777−131

executive/presidentThe presidency
+1−1National Archives ↗
Herbert Clark Hoover R
31st president
15 presidents in between
Franklin Delano Roosevelt D
took office Mar 4, 1933
Harry S. Truman D
took office Apr 12, 1945
Dwight David Eisenhower R
took office Jan 20, 1953
John Fitzgerald Kennedy D
took office Jan 20, 1961
Lyndon Baines Johnson D
took office Nov 22, 1963
Richard Milhous Nixon R
took office Jan 20, 1969
Gerald Rudolph Ford Jr. R
took office Aug 9, 1974
James Earl Carter D
took office Jan 20, 1977
Ronald Wilson Reagan R
took office Jan 20, 1981
George Herbert Walker Bush R
took office Jan 20, 1989
William Jefferson Clinton D
took office Jan 20, 1993
George Walker Bush R
took office Jan 20, 2001
Barack Hussein Obama D
took office Jan 20, 2009
Donald J. Trump R
took office Jan 20, 2017
Joseph Robinette Biden Jr. D
took office Jan 20, 2021
Donald J. Trump R
47th president · took office Jan 20, 2025
executive/vice-presidentThe vice presidency
+1−1Senate Historical Office ↗
Charles Curtis R
J.D. Vance R
took office Jan 20, 2025
executive/cabinetCabinet & senior officials
+30−10Wikidata ↗
Secretary of State · 26 people took this office in between
Henry L. Stimson R
Marco Rubio R
confirmed 99–0 · Jan 20, 2025
Secretary of the Treasury · 30 people took this office in between
Andrew W. Mellon R
Scott Bessent
confirmed 68–29 · Jan 27, 2025
Secretary of Defense · 29 people took this office in between
office did not exist
Pete Hegseth R
confirmed 51–50 · Jan 24, 2025
Attorney General · 33 people took this office in between
William D. Mitchell R
Todd Blanche R
confirmed 50–49 · Aug 8, 2026
Postmaster General · 8 people took this office in between
David P. Steiner
Secretary of the Navy · 44 people took this office in between
Charles Francis Adams III R
office vacant or abolished
Show 19 more cabinet offices
Secretary of the Interior · 17 people took this office in between
Ray Lyman Wilbur R
Doug Burgum R
confirmed 80–17 · Jan 30, 2025
Secretary of Agriculture · 17 people took this office in between
Arthur M. Hyde R
Brooke Rollins
confirmed 72–28 · Feb 13, 2025
Secretary of Commerce · 27 people took this office in between
Howard Lutnick R
confirmed 51–45 · Feb 18, 2025
Secretary of Labor · 21 people took this office in between
Keith Sonderling
Secretary of Health and Human Services · 14 people took this office in between
office did not exist
Robert F. Kennedy Jr. I
confirmed 52–48 · Feb 13, 2025
Secretary of Housing and Urban Development · 19 people took this office in between
office did not exist
Scott Turner R
confirmed 55–44 · Feb 5, 2025
Secretary of Transportation · 19 people took this office in between
office did not exist
Sean Duffy R
confirmed 77–22 · Jan 28, 2025
Secretary of Energy · 19 people took this office in between
office did not exist
Chris Wright
confirmed 59–38 · Feb 3, 2025
Secretary of Education · 14 people took this office in between
office did not exist
Linda McMahon R
confirmed 51–45 · Mar 3, 2025
Secretary of Veterans Affairs · 12 people took this office in between
office did not exist
Doug Collins R
confirmed 77–23 · Feb 4, 2025
Secretary of Homeland Security · 9 people took this office in between
office did not exist
Markwayne Mullin R
confirmed 54–45 · Mar 23, 2026
White House Chief of Staff · 36 people took this office in between
office did not exist
Susie Wiles R
Director of the Office of Management and Budget · 42 people took this office in between
Clawson Roop R
Russell Vought R
Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency · 16 people took this office in between
office did not exist
Lee Zeldin R
confirmed 56–42 · Jan 29, 2025
Ambassador to the United Nations · 42 people took this office in between
office did not exist
Mike Waltz R
Director of National Intelligence · 11 people took this office in between
office did not exist
Jay Clayton I
confirmed 51–47 · Jul 28, 2026
Director of the Central Intelligence Agency · 10 people took this office in between
office did not exist
John Ratcliffe R
confirmed 74–25 · Jan 23, 2025
Administrator of the Small Business Administration · 11 people took this office in between
office did not exist
Kelly Loeffler R
confirmed 52–46 · Feb 19, 2025
U.S. Trade Representative · 7 people took this office in between
office did not exist
Jamieson Greer
Other senior officials (7 changed)
Postmaster General · 8 people took this office in between
David P. Steiner
Secretary of the Navy · 44 people took this office in between
Charles Francis Adams III R
office vacant or abolished
Chair of the Federal Reserve · 13 people took this office in between
Roy A. Young R
Kevin Warsh R
Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff · 24 people took this office in between
office did not exist
Dan Caine
Director of the FBI · 9 people took this office in between
office did not exist
Kash Patel
National Security Advisor · 29 people took this office in between
office did not exist
Marco Rubio R (acting)
Solicitor General · 19 people took this office in between
Charles Evans Hughes Jr. R
D. John Sauer
executive/ordersExecutive orders
+1,549Federal Register API ↗
1,549 executive orders signed · William J. Clinton 308 · George W. Bush 291 · Barack Obama 278 · Donald Trump 510 · Joseph R. Biden Jr. 162
EO 12902 Energy Efficiency and Water Conservation at Federal Facilities
signed Mar 8, 1994 by William J. Clinton · revoked Jun 3, 1999 by EO 13123 (Clinton)
EO 12919 National Defense Industrial Resources Preparedness
signed Jun 3, 1994 by William J. Clinton
EO 12936 Amendments to the Manual for Courts-Martial, United States, 1984
signed Nov 10, 1994 by William J. Clinton
EO 12940 Amendment to Civil Service Rule VI
signed Nov 28, 1994 by William J. Clinton
EO 12944 Adjustments of Certain Rates of Pay and Allowances
signed Dec 28, 1994 by William J. Clinton · revoked Dec 28, 1995 by EO 12984 (Clinton)
EO 12958 Classified National Security Information
signed Apr 17, 1995 by William J. Clinton · revoked Dec 29, 2009 by EO 13526 (Obama)
EO 12960 Amendments to the Manual for Courts-Martial, United States, 1984
signed May 12, 1995 by William J. Clinton
EO 12968 Access to Classified Information
signed Aug 2, 1995 by William J. Clinton
Show 6 more
EO 12984 Adjustments of Certain Rates of Pay and Allowances
Dec 28, 1995 · William J. Clinton
EO 13029 Implementing, for the United States, the Provisions of An- nex 1 of the Decision Concerning Legal Capacity and Privileges and Immunities, Issued by the Council of Ministers of the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe on December 1, 1993
Dec 3, 1996 · William J. Clinton
EO 13033 Executive Order 13033 of December 27, 1996
Dec 27, 1996 · William J. Clinton
EO 13071 Adjustments of Certain Rates of Pay
Dec 29, 1997 · William J. Clinton
EO 13086 1998 Amendments to the Manual for Courts-Martial, United States
May 27, 1998 · William J. Clinton
EO 13101 Greening the Government Through Waste Prevention, Recycling, and Federal Acquisition
Sep 14, 1998 · William J. Clinton
Only orders signed after Dec 30, 1993 are counted; Federal Register coverage starts there.
executive/nominationsSenate confirmations
+16,930Congress.gov ↗
23,049 civilian nominations received · 16,930 confirmed · 816 withdrawn · 4,883 returned to the President
Caspar Willard Weinberger, of California, to be Secretary of Defense.
confirmed Jan 20, 1981 · 97–2
William Emerson Brock III, of Tennessee, to be United States Trade Representative, with the rank of Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, vice Reubin O'D Askew.
confirmed Jan 21, 1981 · 99–0
Richard S. Schweiker, of Pennsylvania, to be Secretary of Health and Human Services.
confirmed Jan 21, 1981 · 99–0
Donald T. Regan, of New Jersey, to be Secretary of the Treasury.
confirmed Jan 21, 1981 · 98–0
Alexander Meigs Haig, Jr., of Connecticut, to be Secretary of State.
confirmed Jan 21, 1981 · 93–6
T. H. Bell, of Utah, to be Secretary of Education.
confirmed Jan 22, 1981 · 90–2
Andrew L. Lewis, Jr., of Pennsylvania, to be Secretary of Transportation.
confirmed Jan 22, 1981 · 98–0
James B. Edwards, of South Carolina, to be Secretary of Energy.
confirmed Jan 22, 1981 · 93–3
Samuel R. Pierce, Jr., of New York, to be Secretary of Housing and Urban Development.
confirmed Jan 22, 1981 · 98–0
Malcolm Baldrige, of Connecticut, to be Secretary of Commerce.
confirmed Jan 22, 1981 · 97–1
John R. Block, of Illinois, to be Secretary of Agriculture.
confirmed Jan 22, 1981 · 98–0
William French Smith, of California, to be Attorney General.
confirmed Jan 22, 1981 · 96–1
Show 314 more top confirmations
James Gaius Watt, of Colorado, to be Secretary of the Interior.
confirmed Jan 22, 1981 · 83–12
David A. Stockman, of Michigan, to be Director of the Office of Management and Budget.
confirmed Jan 27, 1981 · 93–0
Jeane J. Kirkpatrick, of Maryland, to be the Representative of the United States of America to the United Nations with the rank and status of Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, and the Representative of the United Statesof America in the Security Council of the United Nations.
confirmed Jan 29, 1981 · 81–0
Raymond J. Donovan, of New Jersey, to be Secretary of Labor.
confirmed Feb 3, 1981 · 80–17
Michael Cardenas, of California, to be Administrator of the Small Business Administration, vice Arthur Vernon Weaver, Jr., resigned.
confirmed Mar 26, 1981
Ann McGill Gorsuch, of Colorado, to be Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, vice Douglas M. Costle, resigned.
confirmed May 5, 1981
Sandra Day O'Connor, of Arizona, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, vice Potter Stewart, retired.
confirmed Sep 21, 1981 · 99–0
James C. Sanders, of California, to be Administrator of the Small Business Administration, vice Michael Cardenas, resigned.
confirmed Mar 29, 1982
George P. Shultz, of California, to be Secretary of State.
confirmed Jul 15, 1982 · 97–0
Donald P. Hodel, of Oregon, to be Secretary of Energy, to which position he was appointed during the current recess of the Senate.
confirmed Dec 8, 1982 · 86–8
Elizabeth Hanford Dole, of Kansas, to be Secretary of Transportation.
confirmed Feb 1, 1983 · 97–0
Margaret M. Heckler, of Massachusetts, to be Secretary of Health and Human Services.
confirmed Mar 3, 1983 · 82–3
William D. Ruckelshaus, of Washington, to be Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, vice Anne McGill Burford, resigned.
confirmed May 17, 1983 · 97–0
Paul A. Volcker, of New Jersey, to be Chairman of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System for a term of four years. (Reappointment)
confirmed Jul 27, 1983 · 84–16
William P. Clark, of California, to be Secretary of the Interior.
confirmed Nov 18, 1983 · 71–18
James A. Baker III, of Texas, to be Secretary of the Treasury.
confirmed Jan 29, 1985 · 95–0
John S. Herrington, of California, to be Secretary of Energy.
confirmed Feb 6, 1985 · 93–1
William J. Bennett, of North Carolina, to be Secretary of Education.
confirmed Feb 6, 1985 · 93–0
Donald P. Hodel, of Virginia, to be Secretary of the Interior.
confirmed Feb 6, 1985 · 93–1
Lee M. Thomas, of Virginia, to be Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, vice William D. Ruckelshaus, resigned.
confirmed Feb 7, 1985
Edwin Meese III, of California, to be Attorney General.
confirmed Feb 23, 1985 · 63–31
William Emerson Brock III, of Tennessee, to be Secretary of Labor.
confirmed Apr 26, 1985
Vernon A. Walters, of Florida, to be the Representative of the United States of America to the United Nations with the rank and status of Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, and the Representative of the UnitedStates of America in the Security Council of the United Nations.
confirmed May 16, 1985
Clayton Yeutter, of Nebraska, to be United States Trade Representative, with the rank of Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, vice William Emerson Brock III.
confirmed Jun 27, 1985
James C. Miller III, of the District of Columbia, to be Director of the Office of Management and Budget, vice David A. Stockman, resigned.
confirmed Oct 4, 1985 · 90–2
Otis R. Bowen, of Indiana, to be Secretary of Health and Human Services.
confirmed Dec 12, 1985 · 93–2
Richard E. Lyng, of Virginia, to be Secretary of Agriculture.
confirmed Mar 6, 1986 · 95–2
William H. Rehnquist, of Virginia, to be Chief Justice of the United States.
confirmed Sep 17, 1986 · 65–33
Antonin Scalia, of Virginia, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, vice William H. Rehnquist.
confirmed Sep 17, 1986 · 98–0
James Abdnor, of South Dakota, to be Administrator of the Small Business Administration, vice James C. Sanders, resigned.
confirmed Mar 20, 1987
Alan Greenspan, of New York, to be a Member of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System for the unexpired term of fourteen years from February 1, 1978, vice Paul A. Volcker, resigned. Alan Greenspan, of New York, to be Chairman of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System for a term of four years, vice Paul A. Volcker, resigned.
confirmed Aug 3, 1987 · 91–2
C. William Verity, Jr., of Ohio, to be Secretary of Commerce.
confirmed Oct 13, 1987 · 84–11
Frank C. Carlucci, of Virginia, to be Secretary of Defense.
confirmed Nov 20, 1987 · 91–1
James H. Burnley IV, of North Carolina, to be Secretary of Transportation.
confirmed Nov 30, 1987 · 74–0
Ann Dore McLaughlin, of the District of Columbia, to be Secretary of Labor.
confirmed Dec 11, 1987 · 94–0
Anthony M. Kennedy, of California, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, vice Lewis F. Powell, Jr., retired.
confirmed Feb 3, 1988 · 97–0
Richard L. Thornburgh, of Pennsylvania, to be Attorney General.
confirmed Aug 11, 1988 · 85–0
Nicholas F. Brady, of New Jersey, to be Secretary of the Treasury.
confirmed Sep 14, 1988 · 92–2
Lauro F. Cavazos, of Texas, to be Secretary of Education.
confirmed Sep 20, 1988 · 94–0
Richard G. Darman, of Virginia, to be Director of the Office of Management and Budget.
confirmed Jan 25, 1989 · 99–0
Elizabeth Hanford Dole, of Kansas, to be Secretary of Labor.
confirmed Jan 25, 1989 · 99–0
James Addison Baker, III, of Texas, to be Secretary of State.
confirmed Jan 25, 1989 · 99–0
Carla Anderson Hills, of California, to be United States Trade Representative, with the rank of Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary.
confirmed Jan 31, 1989 · 100–0
Samuel Knox Skinner, of Illinois, to be Secretary of Transportation.
confirmed Jan 31, 1989 · 100–0
Robert Adam Mosbacher, of Texas, to be Secretary of Commerce.
confirmed Jan 31, 1989 · 100–0
William Kane Reilly, of Virginia, to be Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency.
confirmed Feb 2, 1989 · 100–0
Jack Kemp, of New York, to be Secretary of Housing and Urban Development.
confirmed Feb 2, 1989 · 100–0
Manuel Lujan, Jr., of New Mexico, to be Secretary of the Interior.
confirmed Feb 2, 1989 · 100–0
Clayton Yeutter, of Nebraska, to be Secretary of Agriculture.
confirmed Feb 8, 1989 · 100–0
Louis W. Sullivan, of Georgia, to be Secretary of Health and Human Services.
confirmed Mar 1, 1989 · 98–1
Edward J. Derwinski, of Illinois, to be Secretary of Veterans Affairs.
confirmed Mar 2, 1989 · 94–0
Thomas R. Pickering, of New Jersey, to be the Representative of the United States of America to the United Nations with the rank and status of Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, and the Representative of the United States of America in the Security Council of the United Nations.
confirmed Mar 7, 1989 · 99–0
Richard B. Cheney, of Wyoming, to be Secretary of Defense.
confirmed Mar 17, 1989 · 92–0
Susan S. Engeleiter, of Wisconsin, to be Administrator of the Small Business Administration, vice James Abdnor, resigned.
confirmed Apr 19, 1989
David H. Souter, of New Hampshire, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, vice William Joseph Brennan, Jr., retired.
confirmed Oct 2, 1990 · 90–9
Lynn Martin, of Illinois, to be Secretary of Labor.
confirmed Feb 7, 1991 · 94–0
Edward R. Madigan, of Illinois, to be Secretary of Agriculture, vice Clayton Yeutter, resigned.
confirmed Mar 7, 1991 · 99–0
Andrew Lamar Alexander, Jr., of Tennessee, to be Secretary of Education.
confirmed Mar 14, 1991
Patricia F. Saiki, of Hawaii, to be Administrator of the Small Business Administration, vice Susan S. Engeleiter, resigned.
confirmed Mar 21, 1991
Clarence Thomas, of Georgia, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, vice Thurgood Marshall, retired.
confirmed Oct 15, 1991 · 52–48
William Pelham Barr, of Virginia, to be Attorney General.
confirmed Nov 20, 1991
Andrew H. Card, Jr., of Massachusetts, to be Secretary of Transportation.
confirmed Feb 21, 1992
Alan Greenspan, of New York, to be Chairman of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System for a term of four years, to which position he was appointed during the last recess of the Senate.
confirmed Feb 27, 1992
Barbara Hackman Franklin, of Pennsylvania, to be Secretary of Commerce.
confirmed Feb 27, 1992
Edward Joseph Perkins, of Oregon, a Career Member of the Senior Foreign Service, Class of Career Minister, to be the Representative of the United States of America to the United Nations with rank and status of Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, and the Representative of the United States of America in the Security Council of the United Nations.
confirmed Apr 2, 1992
Warren Christopher, of California, to be Secretary of State.
confirmed Jan 20, 1993
Lloyd Bentsen, of Texas, to be Secretary of the Treasury.
confirmed Jan 20, 1993
Les Aspin, of Wisconsin, to be Secretary of Defense.
confirmed Jan 20, 1993
Carol M. Browner, of Florida, to be Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency.
confirmed Jan 21, 1993
Leon E. Panetta, of California, to be Director of the Office of Management and Budget.
confirmed Jan 21, 1993
Michael Kantor, of California, to be United States Trade Representative, with the rank of Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary.
confirmed Jan 21, 1993
Richard W. Riley, of South Carolina, to be Secretary of Education.
confirmed Jan 21, 1993
Donna E. Shalala, of Wisconsin, to be Secretary of Health and Human Services.
confirmed Jan 21, 1993
Jesse Brown, of the District of Columbia, to be Secretary of Veterans Affairs.
confirmed Jan 21, 1993
Robert B. Reich, of Massachusetts, to be Secretary of Labor.
confirmed Jan 21, 1993
Henry G. Cisneros, of Texas, to be Secretary of Housing and Urban Development.
confirmed Jan 21, 1993
Hazel Rollins O'Leary, of Minnesota, to be Secretary of Energy.
confirmed Jan 21, 1993
Federico Pena, of Colorado, to be Secretary of Transportation.
confirmed Jan 21, 1993
Mike Espy, of Mississippi, to be Secretary of Agriculture.
confirmed Jan 21, 1993
Bruce Babbitt, of Arizona, to be Secretary of the Interior.
confirmed Jan 21, 1993
Ronald H. Brown, of the District of Columbia, to be Secretary of Commerce.
confirmed Jan 21, 1993
Madeleine Korbel Albright, of the District of Columbia, to be the Representative of the United States of America to the United Nations with rank and status of Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, and the Representative of the United States of America in the Security Council of the United Nations.
confirmed Jan 26, 1993
Janet Reno, of Florida, to be Attorney General.
confirmed Mar 11, 1993 · 98–0
Erskine B. Bowles, of North Carolina, to be Administrator of the Small Business Administration, vice Patricia F. Saiki, resigned.
confirmed May 7, 1993
William J. Perry, of California, to be Secretary of Defense, vice Les Aspin, resigned.
confirmed Feb 3, 1994 · 97–0
David Elias Birenbaum, of the District of Columbia, to be Representative of the United States of America to the United Nations for U.N. Management and Reform, with the rank of Ambassador.
confirmed Jun 24, 1994
Stephen G. Breyer, of Massachusetts, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, vice Harry A. Blackmun.
confirmed Jul 29, 1994 · 87–9
Alice M. Rivlin, of the District of Columbia, to be Director of the Office of Management and Budget, vice Leon E. Panetta.
confirmed Oct 7, 1994
Philip Lader, of South Carolina, to be Administrator of the Small Business Administration, vice Erskine B. Bowles.
confirmed Oct 8, 1994
Robert E. Rubin, of New York, to be Secretary of the Treasury, vice Lloyd Bentsen, resigned.
confirmed Jan 10, 1995 · 99–0
Daniel Robert Glickman, of Kansas, to be Secretary of Agriculture, vice Mike Espy, resigned.
confirmed Mar 30, 1995 · 94–0
Alan Greenspan, of New York, to be Chairman of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System for a term of four years. (Reappointment)
confirmed Jun 20, 1996 · 91–7
Franklin D. Raines, of the District of Columbia, to be Director of the Office of Management and Budget, vice Alice M. Rivlin.
confirmed Sep 6, 1996
Madeleine Korbel Albright, of the District of Columbia, to be Secretary of State, vice Warren Christopher, resigned.
confirmed Jan 22, 1997 · 99–0
William M. Daley, of Illinois, to be Secretary of Commerce, vice Michael Kantor.
confirmed Jan 30, 1997 · 95–2
Rodney E. Slater, of Arkansas, to be Secretary of Transportation, vice Federico Pena.
confirmed Feb 6, 1997 · 98–0
Bill Richardson, of New Mexico, to be the Representative of the United States of America to the United Nations with the rank and status of Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, and the Representative of the United States of America in the Security Council of the United Nations, vice Madeleine Korbel Albright.
confirmed Feb 11, 1997 · 100–0
Aida Alvarez, of New York, to be Administrator of the Small Business Administration, vice Philip Lader.
confirmed Feb 13, 1997
Charlene Barshefsky, of the District of Columbia, to be United States Trade Representative, with the rank of Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, vice Michael Kantor.
confirmed Mar 5, 1997 · 99–1
Federico Pena, of Colorado, to be Secretary of Energy, vice Hazel Rollins O'Leary, retired.
confirmed Mar 12, 1997 · 99–1
Alexis M. Herman, of Alabama, to be Secretary of Labor, vice Robert B. Reich.
confirmed Apr 30, 1997 · 85–13
Richard Sklar, of California, to be Representative of the United States of America to the United Nations for UN Management and Reform, with the Rank of Ambassador.
confirmed Jul 31, 1997
Togo Dennis West, Jr., of the District of Columbia, to be Secretary of Veterans Affairs, vice Jesse Brown, resigned.
confirmed Apr 28, 1998
Jacob Joseph Lew, of New York, to be Director of the Office of Management and Budget, vice Franklin D. Raines, resigned.
confirmed Jul 31, 1998
Bill Richardson, of New Mexico, to be Secretary of Energy, vice Federico Pena, resigned.
confirmed Jul 31, 1998
Lawrence H. Summers, of Maryland, to be Secretary of the Treasury, vice Robert E. Rubin.
confirmed Jul 1, 1999 · 97–2
Richard Holbrooke, of New York, to be the Representative of the United States of America to the United Nations with the rank and status of Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, and the Representative of the United States of America in the Security Council of the United Nations, vice Bill Richardson, resigned.
confirmed Aug 5, 1999 · 81–16
Donald Stuart Hays, of Virginia, a Career Member of the Senior Foreign Service, Class of Minister-Counselor, to be Representative of the United States of America to the United Nations for U.N. Management and Reform, with the rank of Ambassador.
confirmed Nov 10, 1999
Alan Greenspan, of New York, to be Chairman of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System for a term of four years. (Reappointment)
confirmed Feb 3, 2000 · 89–4
Norman Y. Mineta, of California, to be Secretary of Commerce, vice William M. Daley.
confirmed Jul 20, 2000
Roderick R. Paige, of Texas, to be Secretary of Education.
confirmed Jan 20, 2001
Colin Luther Powell, of Virginia, to be Secretary of State.
confirmed Jan 20, 2001
Paul Henry O'Neill, of Pennsylvania, to be Secretary of the Treasury.
confirmed Jan 20, 2001
Donald Henry Rumsfeld, of Illinois, to be Secretary of Defense.
confirmed Jan 20, 2001
Donald Louis Evans, of Texas, to be Secretary of Commerce.
confirmed Jan 20, 2001
Spencer Abraham, of Michigan, to be Secretary of Energy.
confirmed Jan 20, 2001
Ann Margaret Veneman, of California, to be Secretary of Agriculture.
confirmed Jan 20, 2001
Mitchell E. Daniels, Jr., of Indiana, to be Director of the Office of Management and Budget.
confirmed Jan 23, 2001 · 100–0
Anthony Joseph Principi, of California, to be Secretary of Veterans Affairs.
confirmed Jan 23, 2001 · 100–0
Melquiades Rafael Martinez, of Florida, to be Secretary of Housing and Urban Development.
confirmed Jan 23, 2001 · 100–0
Tommy G. Thompson, of Wisconsin, to be Secretary of Health and Human Services.
confirmed Jan 24, 2001 · 100–0
Elaine Lan Chao, of Kentucky, to be Secretary of Labor.
confirmed Jan 29, 2001
Gale Ann Norton, of Colorado, to be Secretary of the Interior.
confirmed Jan 30, 2001 · 75–24
Christine Todd Whitman, of New Jersey, to be Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency.
confirmed Jan 30, 2001 · 99–0
John Ashcroft, of Missouri, to be Attorney General.
confirmed Feb 1, 2001 · 58–42
Robert B. Zoellick, of Virginia, to be United States Trade Representative, with the rank of Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary.
confirmed Feb 6, 2001 · 98–0
Hector V. Barreto, Jr., of California, to be Administrator of the Small Business Administration, vice Aida Alvarez, resigned.
confirmed Jul 25, 2001
John D. Negroponte, of the District of Columbia, to be the Representative of the United States of America to the United Nations, with the rank and status of Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, and the Representative of the United States of America in the Security Council of the United Nations, vice Richard Holbrooke.
confirmed Sep 14, 2001
Patrick Francis Kennedy, of Illinois, a Career Member of the Senior Foreign Service, Class of Career Minister, to be Representative of the United States of America to the United Nations for the U.N. Management and Reform, with the rank of Ambassador, vice Donald Stuart Hays.
confirmed Sep 14, 2001
Thomas J. Ridge, of Pennsylvania, to be Secretary of Homeland Security. (New Position)
confirmed Jan 22, 2003 · 94–0
John W. Snow, of Virginia, to be Secretary of the Treasury, vice Paul Henry O'Neill, resigned.
confirmed Jan 30, 2003
Joshua B. Bolten, of the District of Columbia, to be Director of the Office of Management and Budget, vice Mitchell E. Daniels, Jr., resigned.
confirmed Jun 26, 2003
Michael O. Leavitt, of Utah, to be Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, vice Christine Todd Whitman, resigned.
confirmed Oct 28, 2003 · 88–8
Alphonso R. Jackson, of Texas, to be Secretary of Housing and Urban Development, vice Melquiades Rafael Martinez, resigned.
confirmed Mar 31, 2004
Alan Greenspan, of New York, to be Chairman of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System for a term of four years. (Reappointment)
confirmed Jun 17, 2004
John C. Danforth, of Missouri, to be the Representative of the United States of America to the United Nations, with the rank and status of Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, and the Representative of the United States of America in the Security Council of the United Nations.
confirmed Jun 24, 2004
Margaret Spellings, of Texas, to be Secretary of Education, vice Roderick R. Paige, resigned.
confirmed Jan 20, 2005
Mike Johanns, of Nebraska, to be Secretary of Agriculture, vice Ann Margaret Veneman, resigned.
confirmed Jan 20, 2005
Carlos M. Gutierrez, of Michigan, to be Secretary of Commerce, vice Donald Louis Evans, resigned.
confirmed Jan 24, 2005
Jim Nicholson, of Colorado, to be Secretary of Veterans Affairs, vice Anthony Joseph Principi, resigned.
confirmed Jan 26, 2005
Michael O. Leavitt, of Utah, to be Secretary of Health and Human Services, vice Tommy G. Thompson, resigned.
confirmed Jan 26, 2005
Condoleezza Rice, of California, to be Secretary of State, vice Colin Luther Powell, resigned.
confirmed Jan 26, 2005 · 85–13
Samuel W. Bodman, of Massachusetts, to be Secretary of Energy, vice Spencer Abraham, resigned.
confirmed Jan 31, 2005
Alberto R. Gonzales, of Texas, to be Attorney General, vice John Ashcroft, resigned.
confirmed Feb 3, 2005 · 60–36
Michael Chertoff, of New Jersey, to be Secretary of Homeland Security, vice Thomas J. Ridge, resigned.
confirmed Feb 15, 2005 · 98–0
John D. Negroponte, of New York, to be Director of National Intelligence. (New Position)
confirmed Apr 21, 2005 · 98–2
Stephen L. Johnson, of Maryland, to be Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, vice Michael O. Leavitt.
confirmed Apr 28, 2005
Robert J. Portman, of Ohio, to be United States Trade Representative, with the rank of Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, vice Robert B. Zoellick, resigned.
confirmed Apr 28, 2005
John G. Roberts, Jr., of Maryland, to be Chief Justice of the United States, vice William H. Rehnquist, deceased.
confirmed Sep 29, 2005 · 78–22
Ben S. Bernanke, of New Jersey, to be Chairman of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System for a term of four years, vice Alan Greenspan.
confirmed Jan 31, 2006
Samuel A. Alito, Jr., of New Jersey, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, vice Sandra Day O'Connor, retiring.
confirmed Jan 31, 2006 · 58–42
Mark D. Wallace, of Florida, to be Representative of the United States of America to the United Nations for U.N. Management and Reform, with the rank of Ambassador, vice Patrick Francis Kennedy.
confirmed Mar 16, 2006
Dirk Kempthorne, of Idaho, to be Secretary of the Interior, vice Gale Ann Norton, resigned.
confirmed May 26, 2006
Robert J. Portman, of Ohio, to be Director of the Office of Management and Budget, vice Joshua B. Bolten.
confirmed May 26, 2006
General Michael V. Hayden, United States Air Force, to be Director of the Central Intelligence Agency, vice Porter J. Goss, resigned.
confirmed May 26, 2006 · 78–15
Susan C. Schwab, of Maryland, to be United States Trade Representative, with the rank of Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, vice Robert J. Portman.
confirmed Jun 8, 2006
Henry M. Paulson, Jr., of New York, to be Secretary of the Treasury, vice John W. Snow, resigned.
confirmed Jun 28, 2006
Steven C. Preston, of Illinois, to be Administrator of the Small Business Administration, vice Hector V. Barreto, Jr., resigned.
confirmed Jun 29, 2006
Mary E. Peters, of Arizona, to be Secretary of Transportation, vice Norman Y. Mineta, resigned.
confirmed Sep 29, 2006
Robert M. Gates, of Texas, to be Secretary of Defense, vice Donald Henry Rumsfeld, resigned.
confirmed Dec 6, 2006 · 95–2
J. Michael McConnell, of Virginia, to be Director of National Intelligence, vice John D. Negroponte.
confirmed Feb 7, 2007
Zalmay Khalilzad, of Maryland, to be the Representative of the United States of America to the United Nations, with the rank and status of Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, and the Representative of the United States of America in the Security Council of the United Nations.
confirmed Mar 29, 2007
Jim Nussle, of Iowa, to be Director of the Office of Management and Budget, vice Robert J. Portman.
confirmed Sep 4, 2007 · 69–24
Michael B. Mukasey, of New York, to be Attorney General, vice Alberto R. Gonzales, resigned.
confirmed Nov 8, 2007 · 53–40
James B. Peake, of the District of Columbia, to be Secretary of Veterans Affairs, vice Jim Nicholson, resigned.
confirmed Dec 14, 2007
Ed Schafer, of North Dakota, to be Secretary of Agriculture, vice Mike Johanns, resigned.
confirmed Jan 28, 2008
Steven C. Preston, of Illinois, to be Secretary of Housing and Urban Development, vice Alphonso R. Jackson, resigned.
confirmed Jun 4, 2008
Janet Ann Napolitano, of Arizona, to be Secretary of Homeland Security.
confirmed Jan 20, 2009
Peter R. Orszag, of Massachusetts, to be Director of the Office of Management and Budget.
confirmed Jan 20, 2009
Kenneth Lee Salazar, of Colorado, to be Secretary of the Interior.
confirmed Jan 20, 2009
Thomas J. Vilsack, of Iowa, to be Secretary of Agriculture.
confirmed Jan 20, 2009
Eric K. Shinseki, of Hawaii, to be Secretary of Veterans Affairs.
confirmed Jan 20, 2009
Arne Duncan, of Illinois, to be Secretary of Education.
confirmed Jan 20, 2009
Steven Chu, of California, to be Secretary of Energy.
confirmed Jan 20, 2009
Hillary Rodham Clinton, of New York, to be Secretary of State.
confirmed Jan 21, 2009 · 94–2
Lisa Perez Jackson, of New Jersey, to be Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency.
confirmed Jan 22, 2009
Susan E. Rice, of the District of Columbia, to be the Representative of the United States of America to the United Nations, with the rank and status of Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, and the Representative of the United States of America in the Security Council of the United Nations.
confirmed Jan 22, 2009
Ray LaHood, of Illinois, to be Secretary of Transportation.
confirmed Jan 22, 2009
Shaun L. S. Donovan, of New York, to be Secretary of Housing and Urban Development.
confirmed Jan 22, 2009
Timothy F. Geithner, of New York, to be Secretary of the Treasury.
confirmed Jan 26, 2009 · 60–34
Dennis Cutler Blair, of Pennsylvania, to be Director of National Intelligence, vice J. Michael McConnell, resigned.
confirmed Jan 28, 2009
Eric H. Holder, Jr., of the District of Columbia, to be Attorney General.
confirmed Feb 2, 2009 · 75–21
Leon E. Panetta, of California, to be Director of the Central Intelligence Agency, vice General Michael V. Hayden, United States Air Force.
confirmed Feb 12, 2009
Hilda L. Solis, of California, to be Secretary of Labor.
confirmed Feb 24, 2009 · 80–17
Ronald Kirk, of Texas, to be United States Trade Representative, with the rank of Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary.
confirmed Mar 18, 2009 · 92–5
Gary Locke, of Washington, to be Secretary of Commerce.
confirmed Mar 24, 2009
Karen Gordon Mills, of Maine, to be Administrator of the Small Business Administration, vice Steven C. Preston, resigned.
confirmed Apr 3, 2009
Kathleen Sebelius, of Kansas, to be Secretary of Health and Human Services.
confirmed Apr 28, 2009 · 65–31
Sonia Sotomayor, of New York, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, vice David H. Souter, retiring.
confirmed Aug 6, 2009 · 68–31
Ben S. Bernanke, of New Jersey, to be Chairman of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System for a term of four years. (Reappointment)
confirmed Jan 28, 2010 · 70–30
Elena Kagan, of Massachusetts, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, vice John Paul Stevens, retiring.
confirmed Aug 5, 2010 · 63–37
James R. Clapper, of Virginia, to be Director of National Intelligence, vice Dennis Cutler Blair, resigned.
confirmed Aug 5, 2010
Jacob J. Lew, of New York, to be Director of the Office of Management and Budget, vice Peter R. Orszag, resigned.
confirmed Nov 18, 2010
Joseph M. Torsella, of Pennsylvania, to be Representative of the United States of America to the United Nations for U.N. Management and Reform, with the rank of Ambassador.
confirmed Apr 14, 2011
Leon E. Panetta, of California, to be Secretary of Defense, vice Robert M. Gates.
confirmed Jun 21, 2011 · 100–0
David H. Petraeus, of New Hampshire, to be Director of the Central Intelligence Agency, vice Leon E. Panetta.
confirmed Jun 30, 2011 · 94–0
John Edgar Bryson, of California, to be Secretary of Commerce, vice Gary Locke.
confirmed Oct 20, 2011 · 74–26
John Forbes Kerry, of Massachusetts, to be Secretary of State, vice Hillary Rodham Clinton.
confirmed Jan 29, 2013 · 94–3
Charles Timothy Hagel, of Nebraska, to be Secretary of Defense, vice Leon E. Panetta.
confirmed Feb 26, 2013 · 58–41
Jacob J. Lew, of New York, to be Secretary of the Treasury, vice Timothy F. Geithner.
confirmed Feb 27, 2013 · 71–26
John Owen Brennan, of Virginia, to be Director of the Central Intelligence Agency, vice David H. Petraeus, resigned.
confirmed Mar 7, 2013 · 63–34
Sarah Jewell, of Washington, to be Secretary of the Interior, vice Kenneth Lee Salazar.
confirmed Apr 10, 2013 · 87–11
Sylvia Mathews Burwell, of West Virginia, to be Director of the Office of Management and Budget, vice Jacob J. Lew, resigned.
confirmed Apr 24, 2013 · 96–0
Ernest J. Moniz, of Massachusetts, to be Secretary of Energy, vice Steven Chu.
confirmed May 16, 2013 · 97–0
Michael Froman, of New York, to be United States Trade Representative, with the rank of Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, vice Ronald Kirk, resigned.
confirmed Jun 19, 2013 · 93–4
Penny Pritzker, of Illinois, to be Secretary of Commerce, vice John Edgar Bryson, resigned.
confirmed Jun 25, 2013 · 97–1
Anthony Renard Foxx, of North Carolina, to be Secretary of Transportation, vice Ray LaHood.
confirmed Jun 27, 2013 · 100–0
Regina McCarthy, of Massachusetts, to be Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, vice Lisa Perez Jackson, resigned.
confirmed Jul 18, 2013 · 59–40
Thomas Edward Perez, of Maryland, to be Secretary of Labor, vice Hilda L. Solis, resigned.
confirmed Jul 18, 2013 · 54–46
Samantha Power, of Massachusetts, to be the Representative of the United States of America to the United Nations, with the rank and status of Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, and the Representative of the United States of America in the Security Council of the United Nations.
confirmed Aug 1, 2013 · 87–10
Jeh Charles Johnson, of New Jersey, to be Secretary of Homeland Security, vice Janet Ann Napolitano, resigned.
confirmed Dec 16, 2013 · 78–16
Janet L. Yellen, of California, to be Chairman of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System for a term of four years, vice Ben S. Bernanke, resigned.
confirmed Jan 6, 2014 · 56–26
Maria Contreras-Sweet, of California, to be Administrator of the Small Business Administration, vice Karen Gordon Mills, resigned.
confirmed Mar 27, 2014
Sylvia Mathews Burwell, of West Virginia, to be Secretary of Health and Human Services, vice Kathleen Sebelius.
confirmed Jun 5, 2014 · 78–17
Julian Castro, of Texas, to be Secretary of Housing and Urban Development, vice Shaun L. S. Donovan.
confirmed Jul 9, 2014 · 71–26
Shaun L. S. Donovan, of New York, to be Director of the Office of Management and Budget, vice Sylvia Mathews Burwell.
confirmed Jul 10, 2014 · 75–22
Robert Alan McDonald, of Ohio, to be Secretary of Veterans Affairs, vice Eric K. Shinseki, resigned.
confirmed Jul 29, 2014 · 97–0
Isobel Coleman, of New York, to be Representative of the United States of America to the United Nations for U. N. Management and Reform, with the rank of Ambassador.
confirmed Dec 16, 2014
Ashton B. Carter, of Massachusetts, to be Secretary of Defense, vice Charles Timothy Hagel.
confirmed Feb 12, 2015 · 93–5
Loretta E. Lynch, of New York, to be Attorney General, vice Eric H. Holder, Jr.
confirmed Apr 23, 2015 · 56–43
John B. King, of New York, to be Secretary of Education, vice Arne Duncan.
confirmed Mar 14, 2016 · 49–40
John F. Kelly, of Virginia, to be Secretary of Homeland Security.
confirmed Jan 20, 2017 · 88–11
James Mattis, of Washington, to be Secretary of Defense.
confirmed Jan 20, 2017 · 98–1
Mike Pompeo, of Kansas, to be Director of the Central Intelligence Agency, vice John Owen Brennan.
confirmed Jan 23, 2017 · 66–32
Nikki R. Haley, of South Carolina, to be the Representative of the United States of America to the United Nations, with the rank and status of Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, and the Representative of the United States of America in the Security Council of the United Nations.
confirmed Jan 24, 2017 · 96–4
Elaine L. Chao, of Kentucky, to be Secretary of Transportation.
confirmed Jan 31, 2017 · 93–6
Rex W. Tillerson, of Texas, to be Secretary of State.
confirmed Feb 1, 2017 · 55–43
Jeff Sessions, of Alabama, to be Attorney General.
confirmed Feb 8, 2017 · 52–47
Thomas Price, of Georgia, to be Secretary of Health and Human Services.
confirmed Feb 10, 2017 · 52–47
David J. Shulkin, of Pennsylvania, to be Secretary of Veterans Affairs.
confirmed Feb 13, 2017 · 100–0
Steven T. Mnuchin, of California, to be Secretary of the Treasury.
confirmed Feb 13, 2017 · 53–47
Linda E. McMahon, of Connecticut, to be Administrator of the Small Business Administration, vice Maria Contreras-Sweet, resigned.
confirmed Feb 14, 2017 · 81–19
Mick Mulvaney, of South Carolina, to be Director of the Office of Management and Budget, vice Shaun L. S. Donovan, resigned.
confirmed Feb 16, 2017 · 51–49
Scott Pruitt, of Oklahoma, to be Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency.
confirmed Feb 17, 2017 · 52–46
Wilbur L. Ross, Jr., of Florida, to be Secretary of Commerce.
confirmed Feb 27, 2017 · 72–27
Ryan Zinke, of Montana, to be Secretary of the Interior.
confirmed Mar 1, 2017 · 68–31
Benjamin S. Carson, Sr., of Florida, to be Secretary of Housing and Urban Development.
confirmed Mar 2, 2017 · 58–41
James Richard Perry, of Texas, to be Secretary of Energy.
confirmed Mar 2, 2017 · 62–37
Daniel Coats, of Indiana, to be Director of National Intelligence, vice James R. Clapper, Jr.
confirmed Mar 15, 2017 · 85–12
Neil M. Gorsuch, of Colorado, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, vice Antonin Scalia, deceased.
confirmed Apr 7, 2017 · 54–45
Sonny Perdue, of Georgia, to be Secretary of Agriculture.
confirmed Apr 24, 2017 · 87–11
R. Alexander Acosta, of Florida, to be Secretary of Labor.
confirmed Apr 27, 2017 · 60–38
Robert Lighthizer, of Florida, to be United States Trade Representative, with the rank of Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary.
confirmed May 11, 2017 · 82–14
Kirstjen Nielsen, of Virginia, to be Secretary of Homeland Security, vice John F. Kelly, resigned.
confirmed Dec 5, 2017 · 62–37
Jerome H. Powell, of Maryland, to be Chairman of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System for a term of four years, vice Janet L. Yellen, term expiring.
confirmed Jan 23, 2018 · 84–13
Alex Michael Azar II, of Indiana, to be Secretary of Health and Human Services, vice Thomas Price, resigned.
confirmed Jan 24, 2018 · 55–43
Mike Pompeo, of Kansas, to be Secretary of State, vice Rex W. Tillerson.
confirmed Apr 26, 2018 · 57–42
Gina Haspel, of Kentucky, to be Director of the Central Intelligence Agency, vice Mike Pompeo.
confirmed May 17, 2018 · 54–45
Robert L. Wilkie, of North Carolina, to be Secretary of Veterans Affairs, vice David J. Shulkin.
confirmed Jul 23, 2018 · 86–9
Cherith Norman Chalet, of New Jersey, to be Representative of the United States of America to the United Nations for U.N. Management and Reform, with the rank of Ambassador.
confirmed Sep 12, 2018
Brett M. Kavanaugh, of Maryland, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, vice Anthony M. Kennedy, retiring.
confirmed Oct 6, 2018 · 50–48
William Pelham Barr, of Virginia, to be Attorney General, vice Jeff Sessions, resigned.
confirmed Feb 14, 2019 · 54–45
Andrew Wheeler, of Virginia, to be Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, vice Scott Pruitt.
confirmed Feb 28, 2019 · 52–47
David Bernhardt, of Virginia, to be Secretary of the Interior, vice Ryan Zinke.
confirmed Apr 11, 2019 · 56–41
Mark T. Esper, of Virginia, to be Secretary of Defense, vice James Mattis, resigned.
confirmed Jul 23, 2019 · 90–8
Kelly Craft, of Kentucky, to be the Representative of the United States of America to the United Nations, with the rank and status of Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, and the Representative of the United States of America in the Security Council of the United Nations.
confirmed Jul 31, 2019 · 56–34
Eugene Scalia, of Virginia, to be Secretary of Labor, vice R. Alexander Acosta, resigned.
confirmed Sep 26, 2019 · 53–44
Dan R. Brouillette, of Texas, to be Secretary of Energy, vice James Richard Perry, resigning.
confirmed Dec 2, 2019 · 70–15
Jovita Carranza, of Illinois, to be Administrator of the Small Business Administration, vice Linda E. McMahon.
confirmed Jan 7, 2020 · 88–5
John L. Ratcliffe, of Texas, to be Director of National Intelligence, vice Daniel Coats, resigned.
confirmed May 21, 2020 · 49–44
Russell Vought, of Virginia, to be Director of the Office of Management and Budget, vice Mick Mulvaney.
confirmed Jul 20, 2020 · 51–45
Amy Coney Barrett, of Indiana, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, vice Ruth Bader Ginsburg, deceased.
confirmed Oct 26, 2020 · 52–48
Avril Danica Haines, of New York, to be Director of National Intelligence.
confirmed Jan 20, 2021 · 84–10
Lloyd James Austin, of Georgia, to be Secretary of Defense.
confirmed Jan 22, 2021 · 93–2
Janet Louise Yellen, of California, to be Secretary of the Treasury.
confirmed Jan 25, 2021 · 84–15
Antony John Blinken, of New York, to be Secretary of State.
confirmed Jan 26, 2021 · 78–22
Peter Paul Montgomery Buttigieg, of Indiana, to be Secretary of Transportation.
confirmed Feb 2, 2021 · 86–13
Alejandro Nicholas Mayorkas, of the District of Columbia, to be Secretary of Homeland Security.
confirmed Feb 2, 2021 · 56–43
Denis Richard McDonough, of Maryland, to be Secretary of Veterans Affairs.
confirmed Feb 8, 2021 · 87–7
Thomas J. Vilsack, of Iowa, to be Secretary of Agriculture.
confirmed Feb 23, 2021 · 92–7
Linda Thomas-Greenfield, of Louisiana, to be the Representative of the United States of America to the United Nations, with the rank and status of the Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, and the Representative of the United States of America in the Security Council of the United Nations.
confirmed Feb 23, 2021 · 78–20
Jennifer Mulhern Granholm, of Michigan, to be Secretary of Energy.
confirmed Feb 25, 2021 · 64–35
Miguel A. Cardona, of Connecticut, to be Secretary of Education.
confirmed Mar 1, 2021 · 64–33
Gina Marie Raimondo, of Rhode Island, to be Secretary of Commerce.
confirmed Mar 2, 2021 · 84–15
Merrick Brian Garland, of Maryland, to be Attorney General.
confirmed Mar 10, 2021 · 70–30
Michael Stanley Regan, of North Carolina, to be Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, vice Andrew Wheeler.
confirmed Mar 10, 2021 · 66–34
Marcia Louise Fudge, of Ohio, to be Secretary of Housing and Urban Development.
confirmed Mar 10, 2021 · 66–34
Debra Anne Haaland, of New Mexico, to be Secretary of the Interior.
confirmed Mar 15, 2021 · 51–40
Isabella Casillas Guzman, of California, to be Administrator of the Small Business Administration.
confirmed Mar 16, 2021 · 81–17
Katherine C. Tai, of the District of Columbia, to be United States Trade Representative, with the rank of Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary.
confirmed Mar 17, 2021 · 98–0
Xavier Becerra, of California, to be Secretary of Health and Human Services.
confirmed Mar 18, 2021 · 50–49
William Joseph Burns, of Maryland, to be Director of the Central Intelligence Agency, vice Gina Haspel.
confirmed Mar 18, 2021
Martin Joseph Walsh, of Massachusetts, to be Secretary of Labor.
confirmed Mar 22, 2021 · 68–29
Christopher P. Lu, of Virginia, to be Representative of the United States of America to the United Nations for U.N. Management and Reform, with the rank of Ambassador.
confirmed Dec 18, 2021
Shalanda D. Young, of Louisiana, to be Director of the Office of Management and Budget, vice Russell Vought.
confirmed Mar 15, 2022 · 61–36
Ketanji Brown Jackson, of the District of Columbia, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, vice Stephen G. Breyer, retiring.
confirmed Apr 7, 2022 · 53–47
Jerome H. Powell, of Maryland, to be Chairman of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System for a term of four years. (Reappointment)
confirmed May 12, 2022 · 80–19
Marco Rubio, of Florida, to be Secretary of State.
confirmed Jan 20, 2025 · 99–0
John Ratcliffe, of Texas, to be Director of the Central Intelligence Agency.
confirmed Jan 23, 2025 · 74–25
Peter Hegseth, of Tennessee, to be Secretary of Defense.
confirmed Jan 24, 2025 · 51–50
Kristi Noem, of South Dakota, to be Secretary of Homeland Security.
confirmed Jan 25, 2025 · 59–34
Scott Bessent, of South Carolina, to be Secretary of the Treasury.
confirmed Jan 27, 2025 · 68–29
Sean Duffy, of Wisconsin, to be Secretary of Transportation.
confirmed Jan 28, 2025 · 77–22
Lee Zeldin, of New York, to be Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency.
confirmed Jan 29, 2025 · 56–42
Douglas Burgum, of North Dakota, to be Secretary of the Interior.
confirmed Jan 30, 2025 · 80–17
Christopher Wright, of Colorado, to be Secretary of Energy.
confirmed Feb 3, 2025 · 59–38
Pamela Bondi, of Florida, to be Attorney General.
confirmed Feb 4, 2025 · 54–46
Douglas Collins, of Georgia, to be Secretary of Veterans Affairs.
confirmed Feb 4, 2025 · 77–23
Eric Turner, of Texas, to be Secretary of Housing and Urban Development.
confirmed Feb 5, 2025 · 55–44
Tulsi Gabbard, of Hawaii, to be Director of National Intelligence.
confirmed Feb 12, 2025 · 52–48
Brooke Rollins, of Texas, to be Secretary of Agriculture.
confirmed Feb 13, 2025 · 72–28
Robert F. Kennedy, Jr., of California, to be Secretary of Health and Human Services.
confirmed Feb 13, 2025 · 52–48
Howard Lutnick, of New York, to be Secretary of Commerce.
confirmed Feb 18, 2025 · 51–45
Kelly Loeffler, of Georgia, to be Administrator of the Small Business Administration.
confirmed Feb 19, 2025 · 52–46
Jamieson Greer, of Maryland, to be United States Trade Representative, with the rank of Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary.
confirmed Feb 26, 2025 · 56–43
Linda McMahon, of Connecticut, to be Secretary of Education.
confirmed Mar 3, 2025 · 51–45
Lori Chavez-DeRemer, of Oregon, to be Secretary of Labor.
confirmed Mar 10, 2025 · 67–32
Jeffrey Bartos, of Pennsylvania, to be Representative of the United States of America to the United Nations for U.N. Management and Reform, with the Rank of Ambassador, and to serve concurrently and without additional compensation as an Alternate Representative of the United States of America to the Sessions of the General Assembly of the United Nations.
confirmed Sep 18, 2025 · 51–47
Michael G. Waltz, of Florida, to be the Representative of the United States of America to the United Nations, with the Rank of Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, and the Representative of the United States of America in the Security Council of the United Nations.
confirmed Sep 19, 2025 · 47–43
Markwayne Mullin, of Oklahoma, to be Secretary of Homeland Security, vice Kristi Noem.
confirmed Mar 23, 2026 · 54–45
Kevin Warsh, of Florida, to be Chairman of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System for a term of four years, vice Jerome H. Powell, term expiring.
confirmed May 13, 2026 · 54–45
Walter Clayton, of New York, to be Director of National Intelligence, vice Tulsi Gabbard.
confirmed Jul 28, 2026 · 51–47
Todd Blanche, of Florida, to be Attorney General, vice Pamela Bondi.
confirmed Aug 8, 2026 · 50–49
Keith Sonderling, of Florida, to be Secretary of Labor, vice Lori Chavez-DeRemer, resigned.
confirmed Sep 30, 2026 · 47–41
Civilian nominations only (military promotions excluded). Top confirmations are cabinet-level posts, Supreme Court justices, and the Fed chair. Records start with the 97th Congress (1981).
executive/agenciesFederal agencies
+431−119Wikidata ↗
101 → 425 tracked organizations · 10 → 16 executive departments
National Military Establishment department
established Sep 18, 1947 · United States federal department which later became the Department of Defense
United States Department of Defense department
established Aug 10, 1949 · executive department of the United States federal government
United States Department of Health, Education, and Welfare department
established Apr 11, 1953 · defunct United States federal executive department
United States Department of Housing and Urban Development department
established Sep 9, 1965 · cabinet department in the Executive branch of the United States federal government
United States Department of Transportation department
established Oct 15, 1966 · U.S. federal executive department overseeing highways, railroads, aviation, transit, and other modes of transportation
United States Department of Energy department
established Aug 4, 1977 · cabinet-level department of the United States government
United States Department of Education department
established Oct 17, 1979 · U.S. federal government department concerning education
United States Department of Health and Human Services department
established May 4, 1980 · United States federal executive department
United States Department of Veterans Affairs department
established Mar 15, 1989 · department of the United States government
United States Department of Homeland Security department
established Nov 25, 2002 · United States federal executive department
Show 540 more
Reconstruction Finance Corporation
established Jan 22, 1932 · former American independent agency
Farm Credit Administration
established Mar 27, 1933 · US federal government independent agency regulating farm loans
Emergency Conservation Work
established Apr 5, 1933 · United States government program and predecessor to the Civilian Conservation Corps
Civilian Conservation Corps
established Apr 5, 1933 · United States federal government public work relief program part of the New Deal
Tennessee Valley Authority
established May 18, 1933 · federally-owned electric utility corporation in the United States
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
established Jun 16, 1933 · US government agency providing deposit insurance
National Mediation Board
established Jan 1, 1934 · labor relations in U.S. rail and air industries
Export-Import Bank of the United States
established Feb 2, 1934 · American public bank
United States Securities and Exchange Commission
established Jun 6, 1934 · U.S. federal agency that enforces securities laws and regulates securities markets and major market participants (public companies, brokers, exchanges, and asset managers)
Federal Communications Commission
established Jun 19, 1934 · independent U.S. government agency
National Archives and Records Administration
established Jun 19, 1934 · United States government agency
Resettlement Administration
established May 1, 1935 · New Deal agency relocated urban and rural families to United States federal government planned communities
Works Progress Administration
established May 6, 1935 · United States government New Deal agency (1935–1939) employing millions of unemployed people to carry out public works projects
National Labor Relations Board
established Jul 5, 1935 · independent agency of the United States Government
Social Security Administration
established Aug 14, 1935 · independent agency of the U.S. federal government
U.S. AbilityOne Commission
established Jan 1, 1938 · United States independent federal government agency
Maritime Labor Board
established Jan 1, 1938
Federal Security Agency
established Jul 1, 1939 · United States government agency from 1939 to 1953
Council of Economic Advisers
established Jan 1, 1946 · U.S. presidential advisory committee on economic policy
Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service
established Jun 23, 1947 · independent agency of the United States government
Central Intelligence Agency
established Sep 18, 1947 · national foreign intelligence agency of the United States
General Services Administration
established Jul 1, 1949 · US government agency, formed 1949
National Science Foundation
established May 10, 1950 · United States government agency
Federal Renegotiation Board
established May 22, 1951 · former independent agency of the United States executive branch
Small Business Administration
established Jul 30, 1953 · United States government agency that supports entrepreneurs and small businesses
United States Information Agency
established Aug 1, 1953 · former United States government agency
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
established Jul 29, 1958 · American space and aeronautics agency
National Capital Transportation Agency
established Jul 14, 1960 · agency created in 1960 by President Dwight D. Eisenhower to comprehensively plan different modes of transportation in the Washington, D.C. area
Federal Maritime Commission
established Jan 1, 1961 · regulatory agency of the United States federal government
United States Agency for International Development
established Jan 1, 1961 · US government civilian foreign aid agency
Space Nuclear Propulsion Office
established Jan 1, 1961 · agency researching nuclear rockets
Arms Control and Disarmament Agency
established Sep 26, 1961 · independent agency
Administrative Conference of the United States
established Jan 1, 1964 · independent agency of the United States government dedicated to improving federal agency administrative processes and procedures
Appalachian Regional Commission
established Jan 1, 1965 · United States independent federal agency that works for sustainable community and economic development in Appalachia
Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
established Jan 1, 1965 · American government agency
National Endowment for the Arts
established Jan 1, 1965 · independent agency of the United States federal government
National Endowment for the Humanities
established Sep 29, 1965 · independent federal agency of the United States government
Advisory Council on Historic Preservation
established Jan 1, 1966 · United States federal agency that encourages the preservation of historic properties across the nation
National Transportation Safety Board
established Apr 1, 1967 · United States government investigative agency for civil transportation accidents
Postal Regulatory Commission
established Jan 1, 1970 · US regulatory agency
National Commission on Libraries and Information Science
established Jan 1, 1970 · U.S. government agency
National Credit Union Administration
established Mar 10, 1970 · independent federal agency of United States
United States Environmental Protection Agency
established Dec 2, 1970 · U.S. federal government agency
Overseas Private Investment Corporation
established Jan 1, 1971 · government agency of the United States of America
United States Postal Service
established Jul 1, 1971 · independent agency of the U.S. federal government responsible for providing postal service
Inter-American Foundation
established Jan 1, 1972 · independent agency of the United States government that funds community-led development in Latin America and the Caribbean.
Marine Mammal Commission
established Jan 1, 1972 · government organization in Bethesda, United States
United States Consumer Product Safety Commission
established Jan 1, 1972 · United States government agency
United States Access Board
established Jan 1, 1973 · United States government agency devoted to accessibility for people with disabilities
Energy Research and Development Administration
established Oct 11, 1974 · predecessor to the United States Department of Energy
Federal Election Commission
established Oct 15, 1974 · United States independent regulatory agency that regulates federal elections
Office of Navajo and Hopi Indian Relocation
established Dec 22, 1974 · US government independent agency
Nuclear Regulatory Commission
established Jan 19, 1975 · government agency of the United States
United States Commodity Futures Trading Commission
established Apr 15, 1975 · government agency
Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe
established Jan 1, 1976 · independent agency of the United States government
Federal Mine Safety and Health Review Commission
established Jan 1, 1977 · independent Federal government agency in the USA
Federal Energy Regulatory Commission
established Oct 1, 1977 · independent agency of the United States federal government
Federal Labor Relations Authority
established Jan 1, 1978 · U.S. government agency
United States Merit Systems Protection Board
established Jan 1, 1979 · United States agency
United States Office of Special Counsel
established Jan 1, 1979 · Independent investigative and prosecutorial body of the United States federal government.
United States African Development Foundation
established Jan 1, 1980 · independent agency of the United States that provides grants to community groups and small enterprises that benefit under-served and marginalized groups in Africa
United States Arctic Research Commission
established Jan 1, 1984 · United States independent federal agency that develops and recommends a national Arctic research policy
United States Sentencing Commission
established Jan 1, 1984 · independent agency of the U.S. federal judiciary which determines sentencing guidelines
Barry M. Goldwater Scholarship
established Jan 1, 1986 · American merit-based scholarship awarded to prospective scientists
Federal Retirement Thrift Investment Board
established Jan 1, 1986 · Independent agency of the US government
James Madison Memorial Fellowship Foundation
established Jan 1, 1986 · foundation established by United States Congress in 1986
United States Interagency Council on Homelessness
established Jan 1, 1987 · U.S. independent federal agency
Christopher Columbus Fellowship Foundation
established Jan 1, 1992 · nonprofit organization in Arlington, United States
Morris K. Udall and Stewart L. Udall Foundation
established Jan 1, 1992 · Memorial U.S. indepedent executive branch
United States Trade and Development Agency
established Jan 1, 1992 · government agency
AmeriCorps
established Jan 1, 1993 · independent agency of the United States federal government
AmeriCorps Seniors
established Jan 1, 1993 · United States federal network of volunteer programs for Americans 55 years and older
Surface Transportation Board
established Jan 1, 1996 · independent agency of the United States federal government
Institute of Museum and Library Services
established Oct 1, 1996 · independent agency of the United States government, supporting libraries and museums
Denali Commission
established Jan 1, 1998 · independent agency of the United States government
U.S. Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board
established Jan 1, 1998 · independent U.S. federal agency charged with investigating industrial chemical accidents
U.S. Agency for Global Media
established Oct 1, 1999 · independent agency of the United States government that broadcasts news and information about the United States and the world to audiences abroad
Dwight D. Eisenhower Memorial Commission
established Oct 25, 1999
Delta Regional Authority
established Jan 1, 2000 · agency of the United States federal government
United States–China Economic and Security Review Commission
established Oct 1, 2000 · independent agency of the United States government
Election Assistance Commission
established Jan 1, 2002 · independent agency of the United States government
Millennium Challenge Corporation
established Jan 1, 2004 · government agency
Office of the Federal Coordinator, Alaska Natural Gas Transportation Projects
established Oct 13, 2004
Federal Housing Finance Agency
established Jan 1, 2008 · U.S. federal agency
Consumer Financial Protection Bureau
established Jul 21, 2011 · agency of the United States government responsible for consumer protection in the financial sector
National Commission on Military, National, and Public Service
established Sep 19, 2017
United States International Development Finance Corporation
established Dec 20, 2019 · an executive agency of the US federal government responsible for providing foreign aid
National Labor Board
established Aug 5, 1933 · independent agency of the United States Government
Executive Office of the President of the United States
established Jan 1, 1939 · U.S. federal government office of the president of the United States
Office of the Vice President of the United States
established Jan 1, 1939 · U.S. federal government office of the vice president of the United States
Fair Employment Practice Committee
established Jun 25, 1941 · American committee created to implement Executive Order 8802
Wage Stabilization Board
established Jan 1, 1945 · American independent government agency
United States National Security Council
established Jan 1, 1947 · U.S. federal executive national security and intelligence forum
Economic Stabilization Agency
established Jan 1, 1950 · American government agency
Office of the United States Trade Representative
established Jan 1, 1962 · United States government agency
Council on Environmental Quality
established Jan 1, 1969 · U.S. presidential advisory committee on environmental policy
Office of Management and Budget
established Jan 1, 1970 · agency that prepares and evaluates the President of the United States' annual budget to Congress
Office of Science and Technology Policy
established Jan 1, 1976 · department of the United States government, part of the Executive Office of the President
Office of Administration
established Dec 12, 1977 · U.S. federal organization within the Executive Office of the President
Office of National Drug Control Policy
established Oct 27, 1989 · United States government agency
United States Homeland Security Council
established Jan 1, 2001 · U.S. federal executive public safety, immigration and disaster relief forum
Homeland Security Advisory Council
established Mar 19, 2002 · part of the Executive Office of the President of the United States
United States Digital Service
established Aug 11, 2014 · former digital services department of the Executive Office of the President of the United States
Office of the National Cyber Director
established Jan 1, 2021 · US government agency on cybersecurity
Federal Bureau of Prisons
established May 14, 1930 · U.S. federal law enforcement agency
Federal Bureau of Narcotics
established Jun 14, 1930 · former agency of the United States Department of the Treasury
United States Veterans Administration
established Jul 3, 1930 · US federal agency
Veterans Benefits Administration
established Jul 21, 1930 · agency of the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs
Hoover Dam Police
established Jan 1, 1931 · federal security police force, stationed at Hoover Dam, United States
National Library Service for the Blind and Print Disabled
established Jul 1, 1931 · free US library program of braille and audio materials
Agency start and end dates come from Wikidata, which covers smaller bureaus unevenly.
executive/regulationsFederal regulations
+119,835Federal Register API ↗
119,835 final rules published in the Federal Register
from Jan 1, 1994
9,497 of them flagged "significant" under EO 12866
major economic or policy impact
76,891 proposed rules · 767,703 notices
Loading which agencies published the most rules…
Final rules carry the force of law. Rescissions count as rules too, so this measures regulatory activity, not net growth.

Military4 files+44−27

military/conflictsArmed conflicts
+34−27UCDP/PRIO Armed Conflict Dataset ↗
U.S. in 0 armed conflicts → 7
Iraq: insurgency and war against IS
began Aug 8, 2014 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against IS
Somalia: al-Shabaab
began 2015 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against Al-Shabaab
Iran–Israel conflict
began 2020 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against Israel
Red Sea: the Houthis (Yemen)
began Feb 3, 2024 · U.S. a principal party · against Ansarallah (the Houthis)
Syria: Islamic State
began 2025 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against IS
Nigeria: Islamic State
began 2025 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against IS
Somalia: Islamic State
began Feb 1, 2025 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against IS
27 conflicts began and ended in between
Korean War
Jun 27, 1950 – Jul 27, 1953 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against South Korea
Puerto Rican Nationalist uprising
Oct 30, 1950 – Nov 1, 1950 · U.S. a principal party · against Puerto Rican Nationalist Party
Taiwan Strait crisis
Dec 31, 1954 – Dec 31, 1954 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against Taiwan
Taiwan Strait crisis
Dec 31, 1958 – Dec 31, 1958 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against Taiwan
Bay of Pigs invasion
Apr 17, 1961 – Apr 20, 1961 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against Cuban Revolutionary Council
Vietnam: South Vietnam vs. the Viet Cong
1962 – Dec 31, 1964 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against FNL
Laotian Civil War
Dec 31, 1963 – Sep 14, 1973 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against Pathet Lao
Vietnam War
Dec 31, 1965 – Mar 29, 1973 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against North Vietnam
Cambodian Civil War
1970 – 1973 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against KR
Lebanese Civil War (Multinational Force)
1983 – 1984 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against Amal, NSF
Invasion of Grenada
Oct 25, 1983 – Oct 27, 1983 · U.S. a principal party · against Grenada
Invasion of Panama
Dec 23, 1989 – Dec 23, 1989 · U.S. a principal party · against Panama
Gulf War
Jan 17, 1991 – Mar 1, 1991 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against Kuwait
Kosovo War
Mar 24, 1999 – Nov 21, 1999 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against UCK
War against al-Qaida
Sep 11, 2001 – Dec 4, 2017 · U.S. a principal party · against al-Qaida
Invasion of Afghanistan
Oct 7, 2001 – Nov 13, 2001 · U.S. a principal party · against Afghanistan
War in Afghanistan (Taliban insurgency)
2003 – Aug 30, 2021 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against the Taliban
Invasion of Iraq
Mar 23, 2003 – Apr 28, 2003 · U.S. a principal party · against Iraq
Iraq: insurgency and war against IS
Jan 18, 2004 – Dec 18, 2011 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against Ansar al-Islam, IS
Yemen: Houthis and AQAP
2009 – 2014 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against Ansarallah, AQAP
Afghanistan: Islamic State
Mar 3, 2015 – Aug 30, 2021 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against IS
Libya: Islamic State
2016 – Sep 29, 2019 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against IS
Niger: Islamic State
2017 – 2022 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against IS
Kenya: al-Shabaab
2019 – 2021 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against Al-Shabaab
Somalia: Islamic State
Jun 4, 2019 – Dec 19, 2021 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against IS
War against al-Qaida
Jul 31, 2019 – Sep 7, 2019 · U.S. a principal party · against al-Qaida
Niger: JNIM
Dec 9, 2021 – 2022 · U.S. troops fighting alongside the government · against JNIM
An armed conflict here means at least 25 battle deaths in a year, with U.S. forces as a party or fighting for a government (UCDP's definition). Air strikes, raids, and advisory missions below that threshold aren't included. UN peacekeeping missions are excluded. UCDP data runs through 2025, so "active" on later dates means active at the end of 2025.
military/troopsU.S. troops abroad
163,773 abroadDMDC via troopdata (Allen, Flynn & Martinez Machain) ↗
163,773 active-duty troops stationed abroad as of Mar 31, 2026
Troop records begin in 1950, after the first date.
Japan 54,891
Germany 37,009
South Korea 23,372
Italy 12,783
United Kingdom 10,158
Guam 7,137
Spain 3,835
Bahrain 3,151
Active-duty personnel assigned to each country in the Defense Department's location reports, which leave out most combat deployments, forces afloat, and short rotations: Iraq, Syria, and Afghanistan during their wars are press or Pentagon estimates, and Iraq and Syria read zero after 2023 although a few thousand troops remained. Each date shows the latest report on or before it.
military/spendingCost of war
$1.78T war fundingDoD Cost of War reports · CRS ↗
$1.78T spent on named war operations, fiscal years 2001–2024 · Defense Department obligations
Afghanistan $895B
Enduring Freedom → Freedom's Sentinel → Enduring Sentinel · FY2001–FY2024
Iraq & Syria $805B
Iraqi Freedom → New Dawn → Inherent Resolve · FY2001–FY2024
Ukraine $79.1B
U.S. support operations · FY2022–FY2024
Lifetime cost of wars fought in this window · constant FY2011 dollars (CRS)
World War II $4.10T
35.8% of GDP in its peak year · 1941–1945
Korean War $341B
4.2% of GDP in its peak year · 1950–1953
Vietnam War $738B
2.3% of GDP in its peak year · 1965–1975
Gulf War $102B
0.3% of GDP in its peak year · 1990–1991
War in Afghanistan (Taliban insurgency) $321B
0.7% of GDP in its peak year · 2001–2021
Iraq War $784B
1% of GDP in its peak year · 2003–2011
Operation spending is what the Defense Department obligated to each named operation in each fiscal year, from its Cost of War reports; it excludes State Department and USAID programs, veterans' care, interest, and base budgets. Lifetime costs are the Congressional Research Service's estimates of direct military spending for each war, in FY2011 dollars.
military/authorizationsDeclarations of war & authorizations
+10Senate Historical Office ↗
Declaration of war on Japan
Dec 8, 1941 · World War II.
Declarations of war on Germany and Italy
Dec 11, 1941 · World War II.
Declarations of war on Bulgaria, Hungary, and Romania
Jun 5, 1942 · World War II.
Gulf of Tonkin Resolution
Aug 10, 1964 · Authorized military force in Southeast Asia (Pub. L. 88-408).
Gulf of Tonkin Resolution repealed
Jan 12, 1971 · Repealed by Pub. L. 91-672.
War Powers Resolution
Nov 7, 1973 · Congress overrode a veto to require the President to notify Congress of deployments and end them within 60 days without authorization.
Multinational Force in Lebanon Resolution
Oct 12, 1983 · Authorized U.S. participation in the Multinational Force in Lebanon (Pub. L. 98-119).
Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Iraq
Jan 14, 1991 · Authorized the Gulf War (Pub. L. 102-1).
Authorization for Use of Military Force (2001)
Sep 18, 2001 · Authorized force against those responsible for the September 11 attacks (Pub. L. 107-40).
Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Iraq (2002)
Oct 16, 2002 · Authorized the Iraq War (Pub. L. 107-243).

Legislative4 files+13,541−535

legislative/controlControl of Congress
25 changesHouse History / Senate Historical Office ↗
Top: House · Bottom: Senate DemocraticRepublicanOther
71st Congress → 119th Congress · 48 new Congresses elected
25 changes of chamber control along the way
House: Republican majority on both dates
270 R · 168 D → 219 R · 214 D
Senate: Republican majority on both dates
56 R · 39 D → 53 R · 47 D
legislative/senateSenate
+100−96congress-legislators ↗
Sep 3, 1929 · 56 R · 39 D · 1 FL
James Thomas Heflin (Democrat, AL)Hugo Lafayette Black (Democrat, AL)Joseph Taylor Robinson (Democrat, AR)Thaddeus Horatius Caraway (Democrat, AR)Carl Trumbull Hayden (Democrat, AZ)Henry Fountain Ashurst (Democrat, AZ)Duncan Upshaw Fletcher (Democrat, FL)Park Trammell (Democrat, FL)William Julius Harris (Democrat, GA)Walter Franklin George (Democrat, GA)Daniel Frederic Steck (Democrat, IA)Alben William Barkley (Democrat, KY)Joseph Eugene Ransdell (Democrat, LA)Edwin Sidney Broussard (Democrat, LA)David Ignatius Walsh (Democrat, MA)Millard Evelyn Tydings (Democrat, MD)Harry Bartow Hawes (Democrat, MO)Byron Patton Harrison (Democrat, MS)Hubert Durrett Stephens (Democrat, MS)Thomas James Walsh (Democrat, MT)Burton Kendall Wheeler (Democrat, MT)Furnifold McLendel Simmons (Democrat, NC)Lee Slater Overman (Democrat, NC)Sam Gilbert Bratton (Democrat, NM)Key Pittman (Democrat, NV)Robert Ferdinand Wagner (Democrat, NY)Royal Samuel Copeland (Democrat, NY)John William Elmer Thomas (Democrat, OK)Coleman Livingston Blease (Democrat, SC)Ellison DuRant Smith (Democrat, SC)Kenneth Douglas McKellar (Democrat, TN)William Emerson Brock (Democrat, TN)Morris Sheppard (Democrat, TX)Thomas Terry Connally (Democrat, TX)William Henry King (Democrat, UT)Carter Glass (Democrat, VA)Claude Augustus Swanson (Democrat, VA)Clarence Cleveland Dill (Democrat, WA)John Benjamin Kendrick (Democrat, WY)Henrik Shipstead (Farmer-Labor, MN)Samuel Morgan Shortridge (Republican, CA)Hiram Warren Johnson (Republican, CA)Lawrence Cowle Phipps (Republican, CO)Charles Winfield Waterman (Republican, CO)Hiram Bingham (Republican, CT)Frederic Collin Walcott (Republican, CT)Daniel Oren Hastings (Republican, DE)John Gillis Townsend Jr. (Republican, DE)Smith Wildman Brookhart (Republican, IA)William Edgar Borah (Republican, ID)John Thomas (Republican, ID)Charles Samuel Deneen (Republican, IL)Otis Ferguson Glenn (Republican, IL)James Eli Watson (Republican, IN)Arthur Raymond Robinson (Republican, IN)Arthur Capper (Republican, KS)Henry Justin Allen (Republican, KS)Frederic Mosley Sackett (Republican, KY)Frederick Huntington Gillett (Republican, MA)Phillips Lee Goldsborough (Republican, MD)Arthur Robinson Gould (Republican, ME)Frederick Hale (Republican, ME)James Couzens (Republican, MI)Arthur Hendrick Vandenberg (Republican, MI)Thomas David Schall (Republican, MN)Roscoe Conkling Patterson (Republican, MO)Gerald Prentice Nye (Republican, ND)Lynn Joseph Frazier (Republican, ND)George William Norris (Republican, NE)Robert Beecher Howell (Republican, NE)Henry Wilder Keyes (Republican, NH)George Higgins Moses (Republican, NH)Walter Evans Edge (Republican, NJ)Hamilton Fish Kean (Republican, NJ)Bronson Murray Cutting (Republican, NM)Tasker Lowndes Oddie (Republican, NV)Theodore Elijah Burton (Republican, OH)Simeon Davison Fess (Republican, OH)William Bliss Pine (Republican, OK)Charles Linza McNary (Republican, OR)Frederick Steiwer (Republican, OR)William Scott Vare (Republican, PA)David Aiken Reed (Republican, PA)Jesse Houghton Metcalf (Republican, RI)Felix Hebert (Republican, RI)William Henry McMaster (Republican, SD)Peter Norbeck (Republican, SD)Reed Smoot (Republican, UT)Porter Hinman Dale (Republican, VT)Frank Lester Greene (Republican, VT)Wesley Livsey Jones (Republican, WA)John James Blaine (Republican, WI)Robert Marion La Follette Jr. (Republican, WI)Guy Despard Goff (Republican, WV)Henry Drury Hatfield (Republican, WV)Francis Emroy Warren (Republican, WY)
Oct 16, 2026 · 53 R · 45 D · 2 I
Mark Kelly (Democrat, AZ)Ruben Gallego (Democrat, AZ)Alex Padilla (Democrat, CA)Adam B. Schiff (Democrat, CA)John W. Hickenlooper (Democrat, CO)Michael F. Bennet (Democrat, CO)Richard Blumenthal (Democrat, CT)Christopher Murphy (Democrat, CT)Christopher A. Coons (Democrat, DE)Lisa Blunt Rochester (Democrat, DE)Jon Ossoff (Democrat, GA)Raphael G. Warnock (Democrat, GA)Brian Schatz (Democrat, HI)Mazie K. Hirono (Democrat, HI)Richard J. Durbin (Democrat, IL)Tammy Duckworth (Democrat, IL)Edward J. Markey (Democrat, MA)Elizabeth Warren (Democrat, MA)Chris Van Hollen (Democrat, MD)Angela D. Alsobrooks (Democrat, MD)Gary C. Peters (Democrat, MI)Elissa Slotkin (Democrat, MI)Tina Smith (Democrat, MN)Amy Klobuchar (Democrat, MN)Jeanne Shaheen (Democrat, NH)Margaret Wood Hassan (Democrat, NH)Cory A. Booker (Democrat, NJ)Andy Kim (Democrat, NJ)Ben Ray Luján (Democrat, NM)Martin Heinrich (Democrat, NM)Catherine Cortez Masto (Democrat, NV)Jacky Rosen (Democrat, NV)Charles E. Schumer (Democrat, NY)Kirsten E. Gillibrand (Democrat, NY)Jeff Merkley (Democrat, OR)Ron Wyden (Democrat, OR)John Fetterman (Democrat, PA)Jack Reed (Democrat, RI)Sheldon Whitehouse (Democrat, RI)Mark R. Warner (Democrat, VA)Tim Kaine (Democrat, VA)Peter Welch (Democrat, VT)Patty Murray (Democrat, WA)Maria Cantwell (Democrat, WA)Tammy Baldwin (Democrat, WI)Angus S. King, Jr. (Independent, ME)Bernard Sanders (Independent, VT)Dan Sullivan (Republican, AK)Lisa Murkowski (Republican, AK)Tommy Tuberville (Republican, AL)Katie Boyd Britt (Republican, AL)Tom Cotton (Republican, AR)John Boozman (Republican, AR)Rick Scott (Republican, FL)Ashley Moody (Republican, FL)Joni Ernst (Republican, IA)Chuck Grassley (Republican, IA)James E. Risch (Republican, ID)Mike Crapo (Republican, ID)Todd Young (Republican, IN)Jim Banks (Republican, IN)Roger Marshall (Republican, KS)Jerry Moran (Republican, KS)Mitch McConnell (Republican, KY)Rand Paul (Republican, KY)Bill Cassidy (Republican, LA)John Kennedy (Republican, LA)Susan M. Collins (Republican, ME)Eric Schmitt (Republican, MO)Josh Hawley (Republican, MO)Cindy Hyde-Smith (Republican, MS)Roger F. Wicker (Republican, MS)Steve Daines (Republican, MT)Tim Sheehy (Republican, MT)Thom Tillis (Republican, NC)Ted Budd (Republican, NC)John Hoeven (Republican, ND)Kevin Cramer (Republican, ND)Pete Ricketts (Republican, NE)Deb Fischer (Republican, NE)Bernie Moreno (Republican, OH)Jon Husted (Republican, OH)James Lankford (Republican, OK)Alan Armstrong (Republican, OK)David McCormick (Republican, PA)Tim Scott (Republican, SC)Darline Graham (Republican, SC)Mike Rounds (Republican, SD)John Thune (Republican, SD)Bill Hagerty (Republican, TN)Marsha Blackburn (Republican, TN)John Cornyn (Republican, TX)Ted Cruz (Republican, TX)Mike Lee (Republican, UT)John R. Curtis (Republican, UT)Ron Johnson (Republican, WI)Shelley Moore Capito (Republican, WV)James C. Justice (Republican, WV)Cynthia M. Lummis (Republican, WY)John Barrasso (Republican, WY)
100 new members · 96 departed · 0 served on both dates · women 0 → 27 · median age 59 → 66
58 seats changed party
Morris Sheppard D
Texas seat
John Cornyn R
Texas seat
Charles Samuel Deneen R
Illinois seat
Richard J. Durbin D
Illinois seat
Charles Linza McNary R
Oregon seat
Jeff Merkley D
Oregon seat
Jesse Houghton Metcalf R
Rhode Island seat
Jack Reed D
Rhode Island seat
Show 54 more seat flips
Henry Wilder Keyes R
New Hampshire seat
Jeanne Shaheen D
New Hampshire seat
Daniel Oren Hastings R
Delaware seat
Christopher A. Coons D
Delaware seat
Joseph Eugene Ransdell D
Louisiana seat
Bill Cassidy R
Louisiana seat
Frederick Huntington Gillett R
Massachusetts seat
Edward J. Markey D
Massachusetts seat
James Couzens R
Michigan seat
Gary C. Peters D
Michigan seat
Joseph Taylor Robinson D
Arkansas seat
Tom Cotton R
Arkansas seat
Thomas James Walsh D
Montana seat
Steve Daines R
Montana seat
Walter Evans Edge R
New Jersey seat
Cory A. Booker D
New Jersey seat
Daniel Frederic Steck D
Iowa seat
Joni Ernst R
Iowa seat
Furnifold McLendel Simmons D
North Carolina seat
Thom Tillis R
North Carolina seat
Thomas David Schall R
Minnesota seat
Tina Smith D
Minnesota seat
Byron Patton Harrison D
Mississippi seat
Cindy Hyde-Smith R
Mississippi seat
James Thomas Heflin D
Alabama seat
Tommy Tuberville R
Alabama seat
Lawrence Cowle Phipps R
Colorado seat
John W. Hickenlooper D
Colorado seat
William Emerson Brock D
Tennessee seat
Bill Hagerty R
Tennessee seat
Charles Winfield Waterman R
Colorado seat
Michael F. Bennet D
Colorado seat
Hiram Bingham R
Connecticut seat
Richard Blumenthal D
Connecticut seat
Thaddeus Horatius Caraway D
Arkansas seat
John Boozman R
Arkansas seat
John William Elmer Thomas D
Oklahoma seat
James Lankford R
Oklahoma seat
Wesley Livsey Jones R
Washington seat
Patty Murray D
Washington seat
Alben William Barkley D
Kentucky seat
Rand Paul R
Kentucky seat
Ellison DuRant Smith D
South Carolina seat
Tim Scott R
South Carolina seat
Porter Hinman Dale R
Vermont seat
Peter Welch D
Vermont seat
Frederick Steiwer R
Oregon seat
Ron Wyden D
Oregon seat
Otis Ferguson Glenn R
Illinois seat
Tammy Duckworth D
Illinois seat
Edwin Sidney Broussard D
Louisiana seat
John Kennedy R
Louisiana seat
George Higgins Moses R
New Hampshire seat
Margaret Wood Hassan D
New Hampshire seat
Tasker Lowndes Oddie R
Nevada seat
Catherine Cortez Masto D
Nevada seat
Lee Slater Overman D
North Carolina seat
Ted Budd R
North Carolina seat
Samuel Morgan Shortridge R
California seat
Alex Padilla D
California seat
Hugo Lafayette Black D
Alabama seat
Katie Boyd Britt R
Alabama seat
Harry Bartow Hawes D
Missouri seat
Eric Schmitt R
Missouri seat
William Scott Vare R
Pennsylvania seat
John Fetterman D
Pennsylvania seat
Henrik Shipstead FL
Minnesota seat
Amy Klobuchar D
Minnesota seat
Frank Lester Greene R
Vermont seat
Bernard Sanders I
Vermont seat
Felix Hebert R
Rhode Island seat
Sheldon Whitehouse D
Rhode Island seat
John Benjamin Kendrick D
Wyoming seat
John Barrasso R
Wyoming seat
Hubert Durrett Stephens D
Mississippi seat
Roger F. Wicker R
Mississippi seat
Robert Marion La Follette Jr. R
Wisconsin seat
Tammy Baldwin D
Wisconsin seat
Kenneth Douglas McKellar D
Tennessee seat
Marsha Blackburn R
Tennessee seat
Bronson Murray Cutting R
New Mexico seat
Martin Heinrich D
New Mexico seat
Frederic Collin Walcott R
Connecticut seat
Christopher Murphy D
Connecticut seat
Hiram Warren Johnson R
California seat
Adam B. Schiff D
California seat
Frederick Hale R
Maine seat
Angus S. King, Jr. I
Maine seat
Thomas Terry Connally D
Texas seat
Ted Cruz R
Texas seat
John Gillis Townsend Jr. R
Delaware seat
Lisa Blunt Rochester D
Delaware seat
William Henry King D
Utah seat
John R. Curtis R
Utah seat
Arthur Hendrick Vandenberg R
Michigan seat
Elissa Slotkin D
Michigan seat
Hamilton Fish Kean R
New Jersey seat
Andy Kim D
New Jersey seat
Park Trammell D
Florida seat
Rick Scott R
Florida seat
Phillips Lee Goldsborough R
Maryland seat
Angela D. Alsobrooks D
Maryland seat
Burton Kendall Wheeler D
Montana seat
Tim Sheehy R
Montana seat
Duncan Upshaw Fletcher D
Florida seat
Ashley Moody R
Florida seat
Coleman Livingston Blease D
South Carolina seat
Darline Graham R
South Carolina seat
Who joined and who left (100 in · 96 out)
Dan Sullivan R
Alaska
Lisa Murkowski R
Alaska
Tommy Tuberville R
Alabama
Katie Boyd Britt R
Alabama
Tom Cotton R
Arkansas
John Boozman R
Arkansas
Mark Kelly D
Arizona
Ruben Gallego D
Arizona
Alex Padilla D
California
Adam B. Schiff D
California
John W. Hickenlooper D
Colorado
Michael F. Bennet D
Colorado
Richard Blumenthal D
Connecticut
Christopher Murphy D
Connecticut
Christopher A. Coons D
Delaware
Lisa Blunt Rochester D
Delaware
Rick Scott R
Florida
Ashley Moody R
Florida
Jon Ossoff D
Georgia
Raphael G. Warnock D
Georgia
Brian Schatz D
Hawaii
Mazie K. Hirono D
Hawaii
Joni Ernst R
Iowa
Chuck Grassley R
Iowa
James E. Risch R
Idaho
Mike Crapo R
Idaho
Richard J. Durbin D
Illinois
Tammy Duckworth D
Illinois
Todd Young R
Indiana
Jim Banks R
Indiana
Roger Marshall R
Kansas
Jerry Moran R
Kansas
Mitch McConnell R
Kentucky
Rand Paul R
Kentucky
Bill Cassidy R
Louisiana
John Kennedy R
Louisiana
Edward J. Markey D
Massachusetts
Elizabeth Warren D
Massachusetts
Chris Van Hollen D
Maryland
Angela D. Alsobrooks D
Maryland
Susan M. Collins R
Maine
Angus S. King, Jr. I
Maine
Gary C. Peters D
Michigan
Elissa Slotkin D
Michigan
Tina Smith D
Minnesota
Amy Klobuchar D
Minnesota
Eric Schmitt R
Missouri
Josh Hawley R
Missouri
Cindy Hyde-Smith R
Mississippi
Roger F. Wicker R
Mississippi
Steve Daines R
Montana
Tim Sheehy R
Montana
Thom Tillis R
North Carolina
Ted Budd R
North Carolina
John Hoeven R
North Dakota
Kevin Cramer R
North Dakota
Pete Ricketts R
Nebraska
Deb Fischer R
Nebraska
Jeanne Shaheen D
New Hampshire
Margaret Wood Hassan D
New Hampshire
Cory A. Booker D
New Jersey
Andy Kim D
New Jersey
Ben Ray Luján D
New Mexico
Martin Heinrich D
New Mexico
Catherine Cortez Masto D
Nevada
Jacky Rosen D
Nevada
Charles E. Schumer D
New York
Kirsten E. Gillibrand D
New York
Bernie Moreno R
Ohio
Jon Husted R
Ohio
James Lankford R
Oklahoma
Alan Armstrong R
Oklahoma
Jeff Merkley D
Oregon
Ron Wyden D
Oregon
John Fetterman D
Pennsylvania
David McCormick R
Pennsylvania
Jack Reed D
Rhode Island
Sheldon Whitehouse D
Rhode Island
Tim Scott R
South Carolina
Darline Graham R
South Carolina
Mike Rounds R
South Dakota
John Thune R
South Dakota
Bill Hagerty R
Tennessee
Marsha Blackburn R
Tennessee
John Cornyn R
Texas
Ted Cruz R
Texas
Mike Lee R
Utah
John R. Curtis R
Utah
Mark R. Warner D
Virginia
Tim Kaine D
Virginia
Peter Welch D
Vermont
Bernard Sanders I
Vermont
Patty Murray D
Washington
Maria Cantwell D
Washington
Ron Johnson R
Wisconsin
Tammy Baldwin D
Wisconsin
Shelley Moore Capito R
West Virginia
James C. Justice R
West Virginia
Cynthia M. Lummis R
Wyoming
John Barrasso R
Wyoming
James Thomas Heflin D
Alabama
Hugo Lafayette Black D
Alabama
Joseph Taylor Robinson D
Arkansas
Thaddeus Horatius Caraway D
Arkansas
Carl Trumbull Hayden D
Arizona
Henry Fountain Ashurst D
Arizona
Samuel Morgan Shortridge R
California
Hiram Warren Johnson R
California
Lawrence Cowle Phipps R
Colorado
Charles Winfield Waterman R
Colorado
Hiram Bingham R
Connecticut
Frederic Collin Walcott R
Connecticut
Daniel Oren Hastings R
Delaware
John Gillis Townsend Jr. R
Delaware
Duncan Upshaw Fletcher D
Florida
Park Trammell D
Florida
William Julius Harris D
Georgia
Walter Franklin George D
Georgia
Daniel Frederic Steck D
Iowa
Smith Wildman Brookhart R
Iowa
William Edgar Borah R
Idaho
John Thomas R
Idaho
Charles Samuel Deneen R
Illinois
Otis Ferguson Glenn R
Illinois
James Eli Watson R
Indiana
Arthur Raymond Robinson R
Indiana
Arthur Capper R
Kansas
Henry Justin Allen R
Kansas
Frederic Mosley Sackett R
Kentucky
Alben William Barkley D
Kentucky
Joseph Eugene Ransdell D
Louisiana
Edwin Sidney Broussard D
Louisiana
Frederick Huntington Gillett R
Massachusetts
David Ignatius Walsh D
Massachusetts
Millard Evelyn Tydings D
Maryland
Phillips Lee Goldsborough R
Maryland
Arthur Robinson Gould R
Maine
Frederick Hale R
Maine
James Couzens R
Michigan
Arthur Hendrick Vandenberg R
Michigan
Thomas David Schall R
Minnesota
Henrik Shipstead FL
Minnesota
Harry Bartow Hawes D
Missouri
Roscoe Conkling Patterson R
Missouri
Byron Patton Harrison D
Mississippi
Hubert Durrett Stephens D
Mississippi
Thomas James Walsh D
Montana
Burton Kendall Wheeler D
Montana
Furnifold McLendel Simmons D
North Carolina
Lee Slater Overman D
North Carolina
Gerald Prentice Nye R
North Dakota
Lynn Joseph Frazier R
North Dakota
George William Norris R
Nebraska
Robert Beecher Howell R
Nebraska
Henry Wilder Keyes R
New Hampshire
George Higgins Moses R
New Hampshire
Walter Evans Edge R
New Jersey
Hamilton Fish Kean R
New Jersey
Sam Gilbert Bratton D
New Mexico
Bronson Murray Cutting R
New Mexico
Tasker Lowndes Oddie R
Nevada
Key Pittman D
Nevada
Robert Ferdinand Wagner D
New York
Royal Samuel Copeland D
New York
Theodore Elijah Burton R
Ohio
Simeon Davison Fess R
Ohio
William Bliss Pine R
Oklahoma
John William Elmer Thomas D
Oklahoma
Charles Linza McNary R
Oregon
Frederick Steiwer R
Oregon
William Scott Vare R
Pennsylvania
David Aiken Reed R
Pennsylvania
Jesse Houghton Metcalf R
Rhode Island
Felix Hebert R
Rhode Island
Coleman Livingston Blease D
South Carolina
Ellison DuRant Smith D
South Carolina
William Henry McMaster R
South Dakota
Peter Norbeck R
South Dakota
Kenneth Douglas McKellar D
Tennessee
William Emerson Brock D
Tennessee
Morris Sheppard D
Texas
Thomas Terry Connally D
Texas
Reed Smoot R
Utah
William Henry King D
Utah
Carter Glass D
Virginia
Claude Augustus Swanson D
Virginia
Porter Hinman Dale R
Vermont
Frank Lester Greene R
Vermont
Wesley Livsey Jones R
Washington
Clarence Cleveland Dill D
Washington
John James Blaine R
Wisconsin
Robert Marion La Follette Jr. R
Wisconsin
Guy Despard Goff R
West Virginia
Henry Drury Hatfield R
West Virginia
Francis Emroy Warren R
Wyoming
John Benjamin Kendrick D
Wyoming
legislative/houseHouse
+433−439congress-legislators ↗
Sep 3, 1929 · 270 R · 168 D · 1 FL
LaFayette Lee Patterson (Democrat, AL-5)Miles Clayton Allgood (Democrat, AL-7)Edward Berton Almon (Democrat, AL-8)Lamar Jeffers (Democrat, AL-4)George Huddleston (Democrat, AL-9)John McDuffie (Democrat, AL-1)William Bacon Oliver (Democrat, AL-6)William Brockman Bankhead (Democrat, AL-10)Henry Bascom Steagall (Democrat, AL-3)Joseph Lister Hill (Democrat, AL-2)Pearl Peden Oldfield (Democrat, AR-2)Otis Theodore Wingo (Democrat, AR-4)David Delano Glover (Democrat, AR-6)Heartsill Ragon (Democrat, AR-5)Tilman Bacon Parks (Democrat, AR-7)William Joshua Driver (Democrat, AR-1)Claude Albert Fuller (Democrat, AR-3)Lewis Williams Douglas (Democrat, AZ-AL)Clarence Frederick Lea (Democrat, CA-1)Edward Thomas Taylor (Democrat, CO-4)Herbert Jackson Drane (Democrat, FL-1)Ruth Bryan Owen (Democrat, FL-4)Thomas Alva Yon (Democrat, FL-3)Robert Alexis Green (Democrat, FL-2)Thomas Montgomery Bell (Democrat, GA-9)Leslie Jasper Steele (Democrat, GA-5)Charles Robert Crisp (Democrat, GA-3)Charles Gordon Edwards (Democrat, GA-1)William Chester Lankford (Democrat, GA-11)William Washington Larsen (Democrat, GA-12)Samuel Rutherford (Democrat, GA-6)William Carter Wright (Democrat, GA-4)Charles Hillyer Brand (Democrat, GA-8)Malcolm Connor Tarver (Democrat, GA-7)Edward Eugene Cox (Democrat, GA-2)Carl Vinson (Democrat, GA-10)Thomas Aloysius Doyle (Democrat, IL-4)James Thomas Igoe (Democrat, IL-6)Stanley Henry Kunz (Democrat, IL-8)Henry Thomas Rainey (Democrat, IL-20)William Wright Arnold (Democrat, IL-23)Adolph Joachim Sabath (Democrat, IL-5)Harry Clifford Canfield (Democrat, IN-4)Arthur Herbert Greenwood (Democrat, IN-2)Louis Leon Ludlow (Democrat, IN-7)William Augustus Ayres (Democrat, KS-8)John Lloyd Dorsey Jr. (Democrat, KY-2)John William Moore (Democrat, KY-3)William Voris Gregory (Democrat, KY-1)Whitmell Pugh Martin (Democrat, LA-AL)James O’Connor (Democrat, LA-1)James Zacharie Spearing (Democrat, LA-2)James Benjamin Aswell (Democrat, LA-8)Bolivar Edwards Kemp (Democrat, LA-6)Numa Francois Montet (Democrat, LA-3)John Nicholas Sandlin (Democrat, LA-4)Riley Joseph Wilson (Democrat, LA-5)René Louis De Rouen (Democrat, LA-7)John Joseph Douglass (Democrat, MA-10)William Patrick Connery Jr. (Democrat, MA-7)John William McCormack (Democrat, MA-12)John Charles Linthicum (Democrat, MD-4)Stephen Warfield Gambrill (Democrat, MD-5)Vincent Luke Palmisano (Democrat, MD-3)Thomas Alan Goldsborough (Democrat, MD-1)Ralph Fulton Lozier (Democrat, MO-2)Jacob Le Roy Milligan (Democrat, MO-3)William Lester Nelson (Democrat, MO-8)Milton Andrew Romjue (Democrat, MO-1)John Joseph Cochran (Democrat, MO-11)Clarence Andrew Cannon (Democrat, MO-9)James William Collier (Democrat, MS-8)Robert Samuel Hall (Democrat, MS-6)Percy Edwards Quin (Democrat, MS-7)Thomas Jefferson Busby (Democrat, MS-4)Ross Alexander Collins (Democrat, MS-5)Wall Doxey (Democrat, MS-2)William Madison Whittington (Democrat, MS-3)John Elliott Rankin (Democrat, MS-1)John Morgan Evans (Democrat, MT-1)William Cicero Hammer (Democrat, NC-7)Charles Manly Stedman (Democrat, NC-5)Charles Laban Abernethy (Democrat, NC-3)Edward William Pou (Democrat, NC-4)Lindsay Carter Warren (Democrat, NC-1)Jerome Bayard Clark (Democrat, NC-6)Robert Lee Doughton (Democrat, NC-8)John Hosea Kerr (Democrat, NC-2)Edgar Howard (Democrat, NE-3)John Henry Morehead (Democrat, NE-1)Oscar Louis Auf Der Heide (Democrat, NJ-11)Mary Teresa Norton (Democrat, NJ-12)John Francis Carew (Democrat, NY-18)David Joseph O’Connell (Democrat, NY-9)John Francis Quayle (Democrat, NY-7)Royal Hurlburt Weller (Democrat, NY-AL)Loring Milton Black Jr. (Democrat, NY-5)Patrick J. Carley (Democrat, NY-8)George Washington Lindsay (Democrat, NY-3)Frank Oliver (Democrat, NY-23)Anning Smith Prall (Democrat, NY-11)William Frank Brunner (Democrat, NY-2)Parker Corning (Democrat, NY-28)Anthony Jerome Griffin (Democrat, NY-22)John Joseph Boylan (Democrat, NY-15)John Joseph O’Connor (Democrat, NY-16)William Irving Sirovich (Democrat, NY-14)Christopher Daniel Sullivan (Democrat, NY-13)James Michael Mead (Democrat, NY-42)Thomas Henry Cullen (Democrat, NY-4)James Martin Fitzpatrick (Democrat, NY-24)Joseph Andrew Gavagan (Democrat, NY-21)Samuel Dickstein (Democrat, NY-12)Sol Bloom (Democrat, NY-19)Andrew Lawrence Somers (Democrat, NY-6)Emanuel Celler (Democrat, NY-10)Charles Anthony Mooney (Democrat, OH-20)Mell Gilbert Underwood (Democrat, OH-11)Robert Crosser (Democrat, OH-21)William Wirt Hastings (Democrat, OK-2)James Vernon McClintic (Democrat, OK-7)Thomas Deitz McKeown (Democrat, OK-4)Wilburn Cartwright (Democrat, OK-3)Jed Joseph Johnson (Democrat, OK-6)John Joseph Casey (Democrat, PA-12)Jeremiah Edward O’Connell (Democrat, RI-3)Frederick Haskell Dominick (Democrat, SC-3)William Francis Stevenson (Democrat, SC-5)John Jackson McSwain (Democrat, SC-4)Allard Henry Gasque (Democrat, SC-6)Thomas Sanders McMillan (Democrat, SC-1)Hampton Pitts Fulmer (Democrat, SC-7)Butler Black Hare (Democrat, SC-2)Hubert Frederick Fisher (Democrat, TN-10)Ewin Lamar Davis (Democrat, TN-5)Edward Everett Eslick (Democrat, TN-7)Cordell Hull (Democrat, TN-4)Gordon Weaver Browning (Democrat, TN-8)Joseph Wellington Byrns (Democrat, TN-6)Samuel Davis McReynolds (Democrat, TN-3)Jere Cooper (Democrat, TN-9)John Calvin Box (Democrat, TX-2)Claude Benton Hudspeth (Democrat, TX-16)Robert Quincy Lee (Democrat, TX-17)Augustus McCloskey (Democrat, TX-14)Daniel Edward Garrett (Democrat, TX-8)Guinn Williams (Democrat, TX-13)Clay Stone Briggs (Democrat, TX-7)John Nance Garner (Democrat, TX-15)Oliver Harlan Cross (Democrat, TX-11)James Paul Buchanan (Democrat, TX-10)Morgan Gurley Sanders (Democrat, TX-3)John Marvin Jones (Democrat, TX-18)Luther Alexander Johnson (Democrat, TX-6)Fritz Garland Lanham (Democrat, TX-12)Hatton William Sumners (Democrat, TX-5)Joseph Jefferson Mansfield (Democrat, TX-9)Samuel Taliaferro Rayburn (Democrat, TX-4)John William Wright Patman (Democrat, TX-1)Robert Walton Moore (Democrat, VA-8)Joseph Whitehead (Democrat, VA-5)Henry St. George Tucker (Democrat, VA-10)Andrew Jackson Montague (Democrat, VA-3)Clifton Alexander Woodrum (Democrat, VA-6)Patrick Henry Drewry (Democrat, VA-4)Schuyler Otis Bland (Democrat, VA-1)Samuel Billingsley Hill (Democrat, WA-5)Joseph Luther Smith (Democrat, WV-6)Ole Juulson Kvale (Farmer-Labor, MN-7)Daniel Alexander Sutherland (Republican, AK-AL)Charles Forrest Curry (Republican, CA-3)Henry Ellsworth Barbour (Republican, CA-7)Joe Crail (Republican, CA-10)Arthur Monroe Free (Republican, CA-8)Philip David Swing (Republican, CA-11)William Elmer Evans (Republican, CA-9)Florence Prag Kahn (Republican, CA-4)Albert Edward Carter (Republican, CA-6)Harry Lane Englebright (Republican, CA-2)Richard Joseph Welch (Republican, CA-5)William Robb Eaton (Republican, CO-1)Guy Urban Hardy (Republican, CO-3)Charles Bateman Timberlake (Republican, CO-2)Edward Hart Fenn (Republican, CT-1)James Peter Glynn (Republican, CT-5)Richard Patrick Freeman (Republican, CT-2)John Quillin Tilson (Republican, CT-3)Schuyler Merritt (Republican, CT-4)Robert Griffith Houston (Republican, DE-AL)Victor Stewart Kaleoaloha Houston (Republican, HI-AL)Fred Dickinson Letts (Republican, IA-2)Ed Hoyt Campbell (Republican, IA-11)Cyrenus Cole (Republican, IA-5)Lester Jesse Dickinson (Republican, IA-10)Gilbert Nelson Haugen (Republican, IA-4)William Frederick Kopp (Republican, IA-1)Christian William Ramseyer (Republican, IA-6)Thomas John Bright Robinson (Republican, IA-3)Charles Edward Swanson (Republican, IA-9)Lloyd Thurston (Republican, IA-8)Cassius Clay Dowell (Republican, IA-7)Burton Lee French (Republican, ID-1)Addison Taylor Smith (Republican, ID-2)Edward Everett Denison (Republican, IL-25)Edward Michael Irwin (Republican, IL-22)Ruth Hanna McCormick (Republican, IL-AL)Magne Alfred Michaelson (Republican, IL-7)Frank Marion Ramey (Republican, IL-21)Elliott Wilford Sproul (Republican, IL-3)Thomas Sutler Williams (Republican, IL-24)Charles Adkins (Republican, IL-19)John Clayton Allen (Republican, IL-14)Carl Richard Chindblom (Republican, IL-10)Burnett Mitchell Chiperfield (Republican, IL-15)Homer William Hall (Republican, IL-17)William Perry Holaday (Republican, IL-18)Morton Denison Hull (Republican, IL-2)William Edgar Hull (Republican, IL-16)William Richard Johnson (Republican, IL-13)Frederick Albert Britten (Republican, IL-9)Oscar Stanton De Priest (Republican, IL-1)Frank R. Reid (Republican, IL-11)John Theodore Buckbee (Republican, IL-12)James Whitson Dunbar (Republican, IN-3)Richard Nash Elliott (Republican, IN-6)Albert Richardson Hall (Republican, IN-11)Andrew James Hickey (Republican, IN-13)Harry Emerson Rowbottom (Republican, IN-1)David Hogg (Republican, IN-12)Fred Sampson Purnell (Republican, IN-9)Albert Henry Vestal (Republican, IN-8)William Robert Wood (Republican, IN-10)Noble Jacob Johnson (Republican, IN-5)William Henry Sproul (Republican, KS-3)Homer Hoch (Republican, KS-4)Charles Isaac Sparks (Republican, KS-6)James George Strong (Republican, KS-5)Ulysses Samuel Guyer (Republican, KS-2)William Purnell Lambertson (Republican, KS-1)Clifford Ragsdale Hope (Republican, KS-7)John Marshall Robsion (Republican, KY-11)Robert E. Lee Blackburn (Republican, KY-7)John Durrett Craddock (Republican, KY-4)Elva Roscoe Kendall (Republican, KY-9)Katherine Gudger Langley (Republican, KY-10)Judson Lincoln Newhall (Republican, KY-6)Charles Wickliffe Roark (Republican, KY-AL)Lewis Leavell Walker (Republican, KY-8)Maurice Hudson Thatcher (Republican, KY-5)William Kirk Kaynor (Republican, MA-2)George Russell Stobbs (Republican, MA-4)Frederick William Dallinger (Republican, MA-8)Charles Lee Underhill (Republican, MA-9)Frank Herbert Foss (Republican, MA-3)Abram Piatt Andrew Jr. (Republican, MA-6)Robert Luce (Republican, MA-13)George Holden Tinkham (Republican, MA-11)Allen Towner Treadway (Republican, MA-1)Charles Laceille Gifford (Republican, MA-16)Richard Bowditch Wigglesworth (Republican, MA-14)Edith Nourse Rogers (Republican, MA-5)Joseph William Martin Jr. (Republican, MA-15)Linwood Leon Clark (Republican, MD-2)Frederick Nicholas Zihlman (Republican, MD-6)John Edward Nelson (Republican, ME-3)Donald Francis Snow (Republican, ME-4)Carroll Lynwood Beedy (Republican, ME-1)Wallace Humphrey White Jr. (Republican, ME-2)Louis Convers Cramton (Republican, MI-7)Grant Martin Hudson (Republican, MI-6)Frank Probasco Bohn (Republican, MI-11)Robert Henry Clancy (Republican, MI-1)John Clark Ketcham (Republican, MI-4)James Campbell McLaughlin (Republican, MI-9)Bird J. Vincent (Republican, MI-8)Joseph Lawrence Hooper (Republican, MI-3)William Francis James (Republican, MI-12)Carl Edgar Mapes (Republican, MI-5)Clarence John McLeod (Republican, MI-13)Earl Cory Michener (Republican, MI-2)Roy Orchard Woodruff (Republican, MI-10)Walter Hughes Newton (Republican, MN-5)Victor Laurence August Christgau (Republican, MN-1)Frank Clague (Republican, MN-2)Godfrey Gummer Goodwin (Republican, MN-10)Conrad George Selvig (Republican, MN-9)Melvin Joseph Maas (Republican, MN-4)William Alvin Pittenger (Republican, MN-8)Harold Knutson (Republican, MN-6)August Herman Andresen (Republican, MN-3)Edgar Clarence Ellis (Republican, MO-5)Thomas Jefferson Halsey (Republican, MO-6)Rowland Louis Johnston (Republican, MO-16)Charles Edward Kiefner (Republican, MO-13)John William Palmer (Republican, MO-7)Leonidas Carstarphen Dyer (Republican, MO-12)David William Hopkins (Republican, MO-4)Joe Jonathan Manlove (Republican, MO-15)Henry Frederick Niedringhaus (Republican, MO-10)Dewey Jackson Short (Republican, MO-14)Scott Leavitt (Republican, MT-2)Charles Andrew Jonas (Republican, NC-9)George Moore Pritchard (Republican, NC-10)Olger Burton Burtness (Republican, ND-1)Thomas Hall (Republican, ND-2)James Herbert Sinclair (Republican, ND-3)Fred Gustus Johnson (Republican, NE-5)Willis Gratz Sears (Republican, NE-2)Charles Henry Sloan (Republican, NE-4)Robert Glenmore Simmons (Republican, NE-6)Fletcher Hale (Republican, NH-1)Edward Hills Wason (Republican, NH-2)Franklin William Fort (Republican, NJ-9)Harold Giles Hoffman (Republican, NJ-3)Ernest Robinson Ackerman (Republican, NJ-5)Isaac Bacharach (Republican, NJ-2)Frederick Reimold Lehlbach (Republican, NJ-10)Randolph Perkins (Republican, NJ-6)George Nicholas Seger (Republican, NJ-7)Fred Allan Hartley Jr. (Republican, NJ-8)Charles Aubrey Eaton (Republican, NJ-4)Charles Anderson Wolverton (Republican, NJ-1)Albert Gallatin Simms (Republican, NM-1)Samuel Shaw Arentz (Republican, NV-AL)Stephen Wallace Dempsey (Republican, NY-40)Jonathan Mayhew Wainwright (Republican, NY-25)Edmund Francis Cooke (Republican, NY-41)Frederick Morgan Davenport (Republican, NY-33)Fiorello Henry La Guardia (Republican, NY-20)Harcourt Joseph Pratt (Republican, NY-27)Ruth Sears Baker Pratt (Republican, NY-17)Archie Dovell Sanders (Republican, NY-39)John Davenport Clarke (Republican, NY-34)James Southworth Parker (Republican, NY-29)Gale Hamilton Stalker (Republican, NY-37)James Lucius Whitley (Republican, NY-38)Robert Low Bacon (Republican, NY-1)Bertrand Hollis Snell (Republican, NY-31)Frank Crowther (Republican, NY-30)Francis Dugan Culkin (Republican, NY-32)Hamilton Fish (Republican, NY-26)Clarence Eugene Hancock (Republican, NY-35)Daniel Alden Reed (Republican, NY-43)John Taber (Republican, NY-36)Joseph Edward Baird (Republican, OH-13)William Wallace Chalmers (Republican, OH-9)Roy Gerald Fitzgerald (Republican, OH-3)Charles Cyrus Kearns (Republican, OH-6)William Mitchell Morgan (Republican, OH-17)John Charles Speaks (Republican, OH-12)Charles James Thompson (Republican, OH-5)Charles Brand (Republican, OH-7)John Levi Cable (Republican, OH-4)Nicholas Longworth (Republican, OH-1)Charles Blaine McClintock (Republican, OH-16)Charles Ellis Moore (Republican, OH-15)Grant Earl Mouser Jr. (Republican, OH-8)Benjamin Franklin Murphy (Republican, OH-18)Francis Seiberling (Republican, OH-14)John Gordon Cooper (Republican, OH-19)Chester Castle Bolton (Republican, OH-22)Thomas Albert Jenkins (Republican, OH-10)William Emil Hess (Republican, OH-2)Charles O’Connor (Republican, OK-1)Ulysses Stevens Stone (Republican, OK-5)Milton Cline Garber (Republican, OK-8)Franklin Frederick Korell (Republican, OR-3)Robert Reyburn Butler (Republican, OR-2)Willis Chatman Hawley (Republican, OR-1)Charles Joseph Esterly (Republican, PA-14)William Walton Griest (Republican, PA-10)Edgar Raymond Kiess (Republican, PA-16)Franklin Menges (Republican, PA-22)Stephen Geyer Porter (Republican, PA-32)Laurence Hawley Watres (Republican, PA-11)Edward McMath Beers (Republican, PA-18)Guy Edgar Campbell (Republican, PA-36)James Mitchell Chase (Republican, PA-23)William Radford Coyle (Republican, PA-30)Harry Allison Estep (Republican, PA-35)Benjamin Martin Golder (Republican, PA-4)George Scott Graham (Republican, PA-2)Samuel Austin Kendall (Republican, PA-24)James Russell Leech (Republican, PA-20)Frederick William Magrady (Republican, PA-17)Milton William Shreve (Republican, PA-29)Patrick Joseph Sullivan (Republican, PA-34)Henry Wilson Temple (Republican, PA-25)George Austin Welsh (Republican, PA-6)Adam Martin Wyant (Republican, PA-31)James Montgomery Beck (Republican, PA-1)George Franklin Brumm (Republican, PA-13)Thomas Cunningham Cochran (Republican, PA-28)James Joseph Connolly (Republican, PA-5)Melville Clyde Kelly (Republican, PA-33)Jacob Banks Kurtz (Republican, PA-21)Louis Thomas McFadden (Republican, PA-15)Nathan Leroy Strong (Republican, PA-27)Jesse Howard Swick (Republican, PA-26)Henry Winfield Watson (Republican, PA-9)Isaac Hoffer Doutrich (Republican, PA-19)Harry Clay Ransley (Republican, PA-3)George Potter Darrow (Republican, PA-7)James Wolfenden (Republican, PA-8)Richard Steere Aldrich (Republican, RI-2)Clark Burdick (Republican, RI-1)Charles Andrew Christopherson (Republican, SD-1)Royal Cleaves Johnson (Republican, SD-2)William Williamson (Republican, SD-3)James Willis Taylor (Republican, TN-2)Brazilla Carroll Reece (Republican, TN-1)Elmer O. Leatherwood (Republican, UT-2)Don Byron Colton (Republican, UT-1)Jacob Aaron Garber (Republican, VA-7)Joseph Crockett Shaffer (Republican, VA-9)Menalcus Lankford (Republican, VA-2)Elbert Sidney Brigham (Republican, VT-1)Ernest Willard Gibson (Republican, VT-2)John Franklin Miller (Republican, WA-1)Lindley Hoag Hadley (Republican, WA-2)Albert Johnson (Republican, WA-3)John William Summers (Republican, WA-4)Edward Everts Browne (Republican, WI-8)Florian Lampert (Republican, WI-6)Henry Allen Cooper (Republican, WI-1)Charles August Kading (Republican, WI-2)John Mandt Nelson (Republican, WI-3)William Henry Stafford (Republican, WI-5)James Archibald Frear (Republican, WI-10)Hubert Haskell Peavey (Republican, WI-11)George John Schneider (Republican, WI-9)John Charles Schafer (Republican, WI-4)Merlin Hull (Republican, WI-7)James Anthony Hughes (Republican, WV-4)John Marshall Wolverton (Republican, WV-3)Carl George Bachmann (Republican, WV-1)Frank Llewellyn Bowman (Republican, WV-2)Hugh Ike Shott (Republican, WV-5)Vincent Michael Carter (Republican, WY-AL)
Oct 16, 2026 · 218 R · 214 D · 1 I
Terri A. Sewell (Democrat, AL-7)Shomari Figures (Democrat, AL-2)Greg Stanton (Democrat, AZ-4)Yassamin Ansari (Democrat, AZ-3)Adelita S. Grijalva (Democrat, AZ-7)Judy Chu (Democrat, CA-28)Jim Costa (Democrat, CA-21)John Garamendi (Democrat, CA-8)Zoe Lofgren (Democrat, CA-18)Doris O. Matsui (Democrat, CA-7)Nancy Pelosi (Democrat, CA-11)Brad Sherman (Democrat, CA-32)Linda T. Sánchez (Democrat, CA-38)Mike Thompson (Democrat, CA-4)Maxine Waters (Democrat, CA-43)Jared Huffman (Democrat, CA-2)Ami Bera (Democrat, CA-6)Julia Brownley (Democrat, CA-26)Raul Ruiz (Democrat, CA-25)Mark Takano (Democrat, CA-39)Juan Vargas (Democrat, CA-52)Scott H. Peters (Democrat, CA-50)Mark DeSaulnier (Democrat, CA-10)Pete Aguilar (Democrat, CA-33)Ted Lieu (Democrat, CA-36)Norma J. Torres (Democrat, CA-35)Ro Khanna (Democrat, CA-17)Jimmy Panetta (Democrat, CA-19)Salud O. Carbajal (Democrat, CA-24)Nanette Diaz Barragán (Democrat, CA-44)J. Luis Correa (Democrat, CA-46)Jimmy Gomez (Democrat, CA-34)Josh Harder (Democrat, CA-9)Mike Levin (Democrat, CA-49)Sara Jacobs (Democrat, CA-51)Kevin Mullin (Democrat, CA-15)Sydney Kamlager-Dove (Democrat, CA-37)Robert Garcia (Democrat, CA-42)Gilbert Ray Cisneros, Jr. (Democrat, CA-31)Lateefah Simon (Democrat, CA-12)Adam Gray (Democrat, CA-13)Sam T. Liccardo (Democrat, CA-16)George Whitesides (Democrat, CA-27)Luz M. Rivas (Democrat, CA-29)Laura Friedman (Democrat, CA-30)Derek Tran (Democrat, CA-45)Dave Min (Democrat, CA-47)Aisha Wahab (Democrat, CA-14)Diana DeGette (Democrat, CO-1)Joe Neguse (Democrat, CO-2)Jason Crow (Democrat, CO-6)Brittany Pettersen (Democrat, CO-7)Joe Courtney (Democrat, CT-2)Rosa L. DeLauro (Democrat, CT-3)James A. Himes (Democrat, CT-4)John B. Larson (Democrat, CT-1)Jahana Hayes (Democrat, CT-5)Sarah McBride (Democrat, DE-AL)Kathy Castor (Democrat, FL-14)Debbie Wasserman Schultz (Democrat, FL-25)Frederica S. Wilson (Democrat, FL-24)Lois Frankel (Democrat, FL-22)Darren Soto (Democrat, FL-9)Maxwell Frost (Democrat, FL-10)Jared Moskowitz (Democrat, FL-23)Sanford D. Bishop, Jr. (Democrat, GA-2)Henry C. "Hank" Johnson, Jr. (Democrat, GA-4)Lucy McBath (Democrat, GA-6)Nikema Williams (Democrat, GA-5)Everton Blair Jr. (Democrat, GA-13)Ed Case (Democrat, HI-1)Jill N. Tokuda (Democrat, HI-2)Danny K. Davis (Democrat, IL-7)Mike Quigley (Democrat, IL-5)Janice D. Schakowsky (Democrat, IL-9)Bill Foster (Democrat, IL-11)Robin L. Kelly (Democrat, IL-2)Bradley Scott Schneider (Democrat, IL-10)Raja Krishnamoorthi (Democrat, IL-8)Jesús G. "Chuy" García (Democrat, IL-4)Sean Casten (Democrat, IL-6)Lauren Underwood (Democrat, IL-14)Jonathan L. Jackson (Democrat, IL-1)Delia C. Ramirez (Democrat, IL-3)Nikki Budzinski (Democrat, IL-13)Eric Sorensen (Democrat, IL-17)André Carson (Democrat, IN-7)Frank J. Mrvan (Democrat, IN-1)Sharice Davids (Democrat, KS-3)Morgan McGarvey (Democrat, KY-3)Troy A. Carter (Democrat, LA-2)Cleo Fields (Democrat, LA-6)William R. Keating (Democrat, MA-9)Stephen F. Lynch (Democrat, MA-8)James P. McGovern (Democrat, MA-2)Richard E. Neal (Democrat, MA-1)Katherine M. Clark (Democrat, MA-5)Seth Moulton (Democrat, MA-6)Lori Trahan (Democrat, MA-3)Ayanna Pressley (Democrat, MA-7)Jake Auchincloss (Democrat, MA-4)Steny H. Hoyer (Democrat, MD-5)Jamie Raskin (Democrat, MD-8)Kweisi Mfume (Democrat, MD-7)Glenn Ivey (Democrat, MD-4)Johnny Olszewski, Jr. (Democrat, MD-2)Sarah Elfreth (Democrat, MD-3)April McClain Delaney (Democrat, MD-6)Chellie Pingree (Democrat, ME-1)Jared F. Golden (Democrat, ME-2)Debbie Dingell (Democrat, MI-6)Haley M. Stevens (Democrat, MI-11)Rashida Tlaib (Democrat, MI-12)Hillary J. Scholten (Democrat, MI-3)Shri Thanedar (Democrat, MI-13)Kristen McDonald Rivet (Democrat, MI-8)Betty McCollum (Democrat, MN-4)Angie Craig (Democrat, MN-2)Ilhan Omar (Democrat, MN-5)Kelly Morrison (Democrat, MN-3)Emanuel Cleaver (Democrat, MO-5)Wesley Bell (Democrat, MO-1)Bennie G. Thompson (Democrat, MS-2)Alma S. Adams (Democrat, NC-12)Deborah K. Ross (Democrat, NC-2)Donald G. Davis (Democrat, NC-1)Valerie P. Foushee (Democrat, NC-4)Chris Pappas (Democrat, NH-1)Maggie Goodlander (Democrat, NH-2)Frank Pallone, Jr. (Democrat, NJ-6)Donald Norcross (Democrat, NJ-1)Bonnie Watson Coleman (Democrat, NJ-12)Josh Gottheimer (Democrat, NJ-5)Robert Menendez (Democrat, NJ-8)LaMonica McIver (Democrat, NJ-10)Herbert C. Conaway, Jr. (Democrat, NJ-3)Nellie Pou (Democrat, NJ-9)Analilia Mejia (Democrat, NJ-11)Teresa Leger Fernandez (Democrat, NM-3)Melanie A. Stansbury (Democrat, NM-1)Gabe Vasquez (Democrat, NM-2)Dina Titus (Democrat, NV-1)Steven Horsford (Democrat, NV-4)Susie Lee (Democrat, NV-3)Yvette D. Clarke (Democrat, NY-9)Gregory W. Meeks (Democrat, NY-5)Jerrold Nadler (Democrat, NY-12)Paul Tonko (Democrat, NY-20)Nydia M. Velázquez (Democrat, NY-7)Grace Meng (Democrat, NY-6)Hakeem S. Jeffries (Democrat, NY-8)Adriano Espaillat (Democrat, NY-13)Joseph D. Morelle (Democrat, NY-25)Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez (Democrat, NY-14)Ritchie Torres (Democrat, NY-15)Patrick Ryan (Democrat, NY-18)Daniel S. Goldman (Democrat, NY-10)Thomas R. Suozzi (Democrat, NY-3)Timothy M. Kennedy (Democrat, NY-26)Laura Gillen (Democrat, NY-4)George Latimer (Democrat, NY-16)Josh Riley (Democrat, NY-19)John W. Mannion (Democrat, NY-22)Marcy Kaptur (Democrat, OH-9)Joyce Beatty (Democrat, OH-3)Shontel M. Brown (Democrat, OH-11)Greg Landsman (Democrat, OH-1)Emilia Strong Sykes (Democrat, OH-13)Suzanne Bonamici (Democrat, OR-1)Val T. Hoyle (Democrat, OR-4)Andrea Salinas (Democrat, OR-6)Maxine Dexter (Democrat, OR-3)Janelle S. Bynum (Democrat, OR-5)Brendan F. Boyle (Democrat, PA-2)Dwight Evans (Democrat, PA-3)Mary Gay Scanlon (Democrat, PA-5)Madeleine Dean (Democrat, PA-4)Chrissy Houlahan (Democrat, PA-6)Summer L. Lee (Democrat, PA-12)Christopher R. Deluzio (Democrat, PA-17)Seth Magaziner (Democrat, RI-2)Gabe Amo (Democrat, RI-1)James E. Clyburn (Democrat, SC-6)Steve Cohen (Democrat, TN-9)Henry Cuellar (Democrat, TX-28)Lloyd Doggett (Democrat, TX-37)Al Green (Democrat, TX-9)Joaquin Castro (Democrat, TX-20)Marc A. Veasey (Democrat, TX-33)Vicente Gonzalez (Democrat, TX-34)Lizzie Fletcher (Democrat, TX-7)Veronica Escobar (Democrat, TX-16)Sylvia R. Garcia (Democrat, TX-29)Jasmine Crockett (Democrat, TX-30)Greg Casar (Democrat, TX-35)Julie Johnson (Democrat, TX-32)Christian D. Menefee (Democrat, TX-18)Robert C. "Bobby" Scott (Democrat, VA-3)Donald S. Beyer, Jr. (Democrat, VA-8)Jennifer L. McClellan (Democrat, VA-4)Eugene Simon Vindman (Democrat, VA-7)Suhas Subramanyam (Democrat, VA-10)James R. Walkinshaw (Democrat, VA-11)Becca Balint (Democrat, VT-AL)Rick Larsen (Democrat, WA-2)Adam Smith (Democrat, WA-9)Suzan K. DelBene (Democrat, WA-1)Pramila Jayapal (Democrat, WA-7)Kim Schrier (Democrat, WA-8)Marilyn Strickland (Democrat, WA-10)Marie Gluesenkamp Perez (Democrat, WA-3)Emily Randall (Democrat, WA-6)Gwen Moore (Democrat, WI-4)Mark Pocan (Democrat, WI-2)Kevin Kiley (Independent, CA-3)Nicholas J. Begich III (Republican, AK-AL)Robert B. Aderholt (Republican, AL-4)Mike Rogers (Republican, AL-3)Gary J. Palmer (Republican, AL-6)Barry Moore (Republican, AL-1)Dale W. Strong (Republican, AL-5)Eric A. "Rick" Crawford (Republican, AR-1)Steve Womack (Republican, AR-3)J. French Hill (Republican, AR-2)Bruce Westerman (Republican, AR-4)Paul A. Gosar (Republican, AZ-9)David Schweikert (Republican, AZ-1)Andy Biggs (Republican, AZ-5)Elijah Crane (Republican, AZ-2)Juan Ciscomani (Republican, AZ-6)Abraham J. Hamadeh (Republican, AZ-8)Ken Calvert (Republican, CA-41)Tom McClintock (Republican, CA-5)Darrell Issa (Republican, CA-48)David G. Valadao (Republican, CA-22)Jay Obernolte (Republican, CA-23)Young Kim (Republican, CA-40)Vince Fong (Republican, CA-20)James Gallagher (Republican, CA-1)Lauren Boebert (Republican, CO-4)Jeff Hurd (Republican, CO-3)Jeff Crank (Republican, CO-5)Gabe Evans (Republican, CO-8)Gus M. Bilirakis (Republican, FL-12)Vern Buchanan (Republican, FL-16)Mario Diaz-Balart (Republican, FL-26)Daniel Webster (Republican, FL-11)Neal P. Dunn (Republican, FL-2)John H. Rutherford (Republican, FL-5)Brian J. Mast (Republican, FL-21)W. Gregory Steube (Republican, FL-17)Kat Cammack (Republican, FL-3)Scott Franklin (Republican, FL-18)Byron Donalds (Republican, FL-19)Carlos A. Gimenez (Republican, FL-28)Maria Elvira Salazar (Republican, FL-27)Aaron Bean (Republican, FL-4)Cory Mills (Republican, FL-7)Anna Paulina Luna (Republican, FL-13)Laurel M. Lee (Republican, FL-15)Mike Haridopolos (Republican, FL-8)Jimmy Patronis (Republican, FL-1)Randy Fine (Republican, FL-6)Austin Scott (Republican, GA-8)Earl L. "Buddy" Carter (Republican, GA-1)Barry Loudermilk (Republican, GA-11)Rick W. Allen (Republican, GA-12)Andrew S. Clyde (Republican, GA-9)Richard McCormick (Republican, GA-7)Mike Collins (Republican, GA-10)Brian Jack (Republican, GA-3)Clay Fuller (Republican, GA-14)Ashley Hinson (Republican, IA-2)Mariannette Miller-Meeks (Republican, IA-1)Randy Feenstra (Republican, IA-4)Zachary Nunn (Republican, IA-3)Michael K. Simpson (Republican, ID-2)Russ Fulcher (Republican, ID-1)Mike Bost (Republican, IL-12)Darin LaHood (Republican, IL-16)Mary E. Miller (Republican, IL-15)James R. Baird (Republican, IN-4)Victoria Spartz (Republican, IN-5)Rudy Yakym III (Republican, IN-2)Erin Houchin (Republican, IN-9)Marlin A. Stutzman (Republican, IN-3)Jefferson Shreve (Republican, IN-6)Mark B. Messmer (Republican, IN-8)Ron Estes (Republican, KS-4)Tracey Mann (Republican, KS-1)Derek Schmidt (Republican, KS-2)Brett Guthrie (Republican, KY-2)Harold Rogers (Republican, KY-5)Thomas Massie (Republican, KY-4)Andy Barr (Republican, KY-6)James Comer (Republican, KY-1)Steve Scalise (Republican, LA-1)Clay Higgins (Republican, LA-3)Mike Johnson (Republican, LA-4)Julia Letlow (Republican, LA-5)Andy Harris (Republican, MD-1)Bill Huizenga (Republican, MI-4)Tim Walberg (Republican, MI-5)John R. Moolenaar (Republican, MI-2)Jack Bergman (Republican, MI-1)Lisa C. McClain (Republican, MI-9)John James (Republican, MI-10)Tom Barrett (Republican, MI-7)Tom Emmer (Republican, MN-6)Pete Stauber (Republican, MN-8)Michelle Fischbach (Republican, MN-7)Brad Finstad (Republican, MN-1)Sam Graves (Republican, MO-6)Ann Wagner (Republican, MO-2)Jason Smith (Republican, MO-8)Mark Alford (Republican, MO-4)Eric Burlison (Republican, MO-7)Robert F. Onder, Jr. (Republican, MO-3)Trent Kelly (Republican, MS-1)Michael Guest (Republican, MS-3)Mike Ezell (Republican, MS-4)Ryan K. Zinke (Republican, MT-1)Troy Downing (Republican, MT-2)Virginia Foxx (Republican, NC-5)Richard Hudson (Republican, NC-9)David Rouzer (Republican, NC-7)Gregory F. Murphy (Republican, NC-3)Chuck Edwards (Republican, NC-11)Addison P. McDowell (Republican, NC-6)Mark Harris (Republican, NC-8)Pat Harrigan (Republican, NC-10)Brad Knott (Republican, NC-13)Tim Moore (Republican, NC-14)Julie Fedorchak (Republican, ND-AL)Adrian Smith (Republican, NE-3)Don Bacon (Republican, NE-2)Mike Flood (Republican, NE-1)Christopher H. Smith (Republican, NJ-4)Jefferson Van Drew (Republican, NJ-2)Thomas H. Kean, Jr. (Republican, NJ-7)Mark E. Amodei (Republican, NV-2)Elise M. Stefanik (Republican, NY-21)Andrew R. Garbarino (Republican, NY-2)Nicole Malliotakis (Republican, NY-11)Claudia Tenney (Republican, NY-24)Nick LaLota (Republican, NY-1)Michael Lawler (Republican, NY-17)Nicholas A. Langworthy (Republican, NY-23)Jim Jordan (Republican, OH-4)Robert E. Latta (Republican, OH-5)Michael R. Turner (Republican, OH-10)David P. Joyce (Republican, OH-14)Warren Davidson (Republican, OH-8)Troy Balderson (Republican, OH-12)Mike Carey (Republican, OH-15)Max L. Miller (Republican, OH-7)Michael A. Rulli (Republican, OH-6)David J. Taylor (Republican, OH-2)Tom Cole (Republican, OK-4)Frank D. Lucas (Republican, OK-3)Kevin Hern (Republican, OK-1)Stephanie I. Bice (Republican, OK-5)Josh Brecheen (Republican, OK-2)Cliff Bentz (Republican, OR-2)Mike Kelly (Republican, PA-16)Glenn Thompson (Republican, PA-15)Scott Perry (Republican, PA-10)Brian K. Fitzpatrick (Republican, PA-1)Lloyd Smucker (Republican, PA-11)Daniel Meuser (Republican, PA-9)John Joyce (Republican, PA-13)Guy Reschenthaler (Republican, PA-14)Ryan Mackenzie (Republican, PA-7)Robert P. Bresnahan, Jr. (Republican, PA-8)Joe Wilson (Republican, SC-2)Ralph Norman (Republican, SC-5)William R. Timmons IV (Republican, SC-4)Nancy Mace (Republican, SC-1)Russell Fry (Republican, SC-7)Sheri Biggs (Republican, SC-3)Dusty Johnson (Republican, SD-AL)Scott DesJarlais (Republican, TN-4)Charles J. "Chuck" Fleischmann (Republican, TN-3)David Kustoff (Republican, TN-8)Tim Burchett (Republican, TN-2)John W. Rose (Republican, TN-6)Diana Harshbarger (Republican, TN-1)Andrew Ogles (Republican, TN-5)Matt Van Epps (Republican, TN-7)John R. Carter (Republican, TX-31)Michael T. McCaul (Republican, TX-10)Randy K. Weber, Sr. (Republican, TX-14)Roger Williams (Republican, TX-25)Brian Babin (Republican, TX-36)Jodey C. Arrington (Republican, TX-19)Michael Cloud (Republican, TX-27)Dan Crenshaw (Republican, TX-2)Lance Gooden (Republican, TX-5)Chip Roy (Republican, TX-21)Pete Sessions (Republican, TX-17)Pat Fallon (Republican, TX-4)August Pfluger (Republican, TX-11)Ronny Jackson (Republican, TX-13)Troy E. Nehls (Republican, TX-22)Beth Van Duyne (Republican, TX-24)Jake Ellzey (Republican, TX-6)Nathaniel Moran (Republican, TX-1)Keith Self (Republican, TX-3)Morgan Luttrell (Republican, TX-8)Monica De La Cruz (Republican, TX-15)Wesley Hunt (Republican, TX-38)Craig A. Goldman (Republican, TX-12)Brandon Gill (Republican, TX-26)Blake D. Moore (Republican, UT-1)Burgess Owens (Republican, UT-4)Celeste Maloy (Republican, UT-2)Mike Kennedy (Republican, UT-3)H. Morgan Griffith (Republican, VA-9)Robert J. Wittman (Republican, VA-1)Ben Cline (Republican, VA-6)Jennifer A. Kiggans (Republican, VA-2)John J. McGuire III (Republican, VA-5)Dan Newhouse (Republican, WA-4)Michael Baumgartner (Republican, WA-5)Glenn Grothman (Republican, WI-6)Bryan Steil (Republican, WI-1)Thomas P. Tiffany (Republican, WI-7)Scott Fitzgerald (Republican, WI-5)Derrick Van Orden (Republican, WI-3)Tony Wied (Republican, WI-8)Carol D. Miller (Republican, WV-1)Riley M. Moore (Republican, WV-2)Harriet M. Hageman (Republican, WY-AL)
433 new members · 439 departed · 0 served on both dates · women 8 → 125 · median age 55 → 59
47 state delegations changed
Show delegation changes
Alabama 10 D · 0 R
Alabama 2 D · 5 R
Arkansas 7 D · 0 R
Arkansas 0 D · 4 R
Arizona 1 D · 0 R
Arizona 3 D · 6 R
California 1 D · 10 R
California 43 D · 9 R
Colorado 1 D · 3 R
Colorado 4 D · 4 R
Connecticut 0 D · 5 R
Connecticut 5 D · 0 R
Delaware 0 D · 1 R
Delaware 1 D · 0 R
Florida 4 D · 0 R
Florida 7 D · 20 R
Georgia 12 D · 0 R
Georgia 5 D · 9 R
Hawaii 0 D · 1 R
Hawaii 2 D · 0 R
Iowa 0 D · 11 R
Iowa 0 D · 4 R
Illinois 6 D · 20 R
Illinois 14 D · 3 R
Indiana 3 D · 10 R
Indiana 2 D · 7 R
Kansas 1 D · 7 R
Kansas 1 D · 3 R
Kentucky 3 D · 9 R
Kentucky 1 D · 5 R
Louisiana 9 D · 0 R
Louisiana 2 D · 4 R
Massachusetts 3 D · 13 R
Massachusetts 9 D · 0 R
Maryland 4 D · 2 R
Maryland 7 D · 1 R
Maine 0 D · 4 R
Maine 2 D · 0 R
Michigan 0 D · 13 R
Michigan 6 D · 7 R
Minnesota 0 D · 9 R · 1 other
Minnesota 4 D · 4 R
Missouri 6 D · 10 R
Missouri 2 D · 6 R
Mississippi 8 D · 0 R
Mississippi 1 D · 3 R
Montana 1 D · 1 R
Montana 0 D · 2 R
North Carolina 8 D · 2 R
North Carolina 4 D · 10 R
North Dakota 0 D · 3 R
North Dakota 0 D · 1 R
Nebraska 2 D · 4 R
Nebraska 0 D · 3 R
New Hampshire 0 D · 2 R
New Hampshire 2 D · 0 R
New Jersey 2 D · 10 R
New Jersey 9 D · 3 R
New Mexico 0 D · 1 R
New Mexico 3 D · 0 R
Nevada 0 D · 1 R
Nevada 3 D · 1 R
New York 24 D · 20 R
New York 19 D · 7 R
Ohio 3 D · 19 R
Ohio 5 D · 10 R
Oklahoma 5 D · 3 R
Oklahoma 0 D · 5 R
Oregon 0 D · 3 R
Oregon 5 D · 1 R
Pennsylvania 1 D · 35 R
Pennsylvania 7 D · 10 R
Rhode Island 1 D · 2 R
Rhode Island 2 D · 0 R
South Carolina 7 D · 0 R
South Carolina 1 D · 6 R
South Dakota 0 D · 3 R
South Dakota 0 D · 1 R
Tennessee 8 D · 2 R
Tennessee 1 D · 8 R
Texas 18 D · 0 R
Texas 13 D · 24 R
Utah 0 D · 2 R
Utah 0 D · 4 R
Virginia 7 D · 3 R
Virginia 6 D · 5 R
Vermont 0 D · 2 R
Vermont 1 D · 0 R
Washington 1 D · 4 R
Washington 8 D · 2 R
Wisconsin 0 D · 11 R
Wisconsin 2 D · 6 R
West Virginia 1 D · 5 R
West Virginia 0 D · 2 R
Who joined and who left (433 in · 439 out)
Nicholas J. Begich III R
Alaska-AL
Robert B. Aderholt R
Alabama-4
Mike Rogers R
Alabama-3
Terri A. Sewell D
Alabama-7
Gary J. Palmer R
Alabama-6
Barry Moore R
Alabama-1
Dale W. Strong R
Alabama-5
Shomari Figures D
Alabama-2
Eric A. "Rick" Crawford R
Arkansas-1
Steve Womack R
Arkansas-3
J. French Hill R
Arkansas-2
Bruce Westerman R
Arkansas-4
Paul A. Gosar R
Arizona-9
David Schweikert R
Arizona-1
Andy Biggs R
Arizona-5
Greg Stanton D
Arizona-4
Elijah Crane R
Arizona-2
Juan Ciscomani R
Arizona-6
Yassamin Ansari D
Arizona-3
Abraham J. Hamadeh R
Arizona-8
Adelita S. Grijalva D
Arizona-7
Ken Calvert R
California-41
Judy Chu D
California-28
Jim Costa D
California-21
John Garamendi D
California-8
Zoe Lofgren D
California-18
Doris O. Matsui D
California-7
Tom McClintock R
California-5
Nancy Pelosi D
California-11
Brad Sherman D
California-32
Linda T. Sánchez D
California-38
Mike Thompson D
California-4
Maxine Waters D
California-43
Jared Huffman D
California-2
Ami Bera D
California-6
Julia Brownley D
California-26
Raul Ruiz D
California-25
Mark Takano D
California-39
Juan Vargas D
California-52
Scott H. Peters D
California-50
Mark DeSaulnier D
California-10
Pete Aguilar D
California-33
Ted Lieu D
California-36
Norma J. Torres D
California-35
Ro Khanna D
California-17
Jimmy Panetta D
California-19
Salud O. Carbajal D
California-24
Nanette Diaz Barragán D
California-44
J. Luis Correa D
California-46
Jimmy Gomez D
California-34
Josh Harder D
California-9
Mike Levin D
California-49
Darrell Issa R
California-48
David G. Valadao R
California-22
Jay Obernolte R
California-23
Young Kim R
California-40
Sara Jacobs D
California-51
Kevin Mullin D
California-15
Sydney Kamlager-Dove D
California-37
Robert Garcia D
California-42
Vince Fong R
California-20
Gilbert Ray Cisneros, Jr. D
California-31
Lateefah Simon D
California-12
Adam Gray D
California-13
Sam T. Liccardo D
California-16
George Whitesides D
California-27
Luz M. Rivas D
California-29
Laura Friedman D
California-30
Derek Tran D
California-45
Dave Min D
California-47
Kevin Kiley I
California-3
James Gallagher R
California-1
Aisha Wahab D
California-14
Diana DeGette D
Colorado-1
Joe Neguse D
Colorado-2
Jason Crow D
Colorado-6
Lauren Boebert R
Colorado-4
Brittany Pettersen D
Colorado-7
Jeff Hurd R
Colorado-3
Jeff Crank R
Colorado-5
Gabe Evans R
Colorado-8
Joe Courtney D
Connecticut-2
Rosa L. DeLauro D
Connecticut-3
James A. Himes D
Connecticut-4
John B. Larson D
Connecticut-1
Jahana Hayes D
Connecticut-5
Sarah McBride D
Delaware-AL
Gus M. Bilirakis R
Florida-12
Vern Buchanan R
Florida-16
Kathy Castor D
Florida-14
Mario Diaz-Balart R
Florida-26
Debbie Wasserman Schultz D
Florida-25
Daniel Webster R
Florida-11
Frederica S. Wilson D
Florida-24
Lois Frankel D
Florida-22
Neal P. Dunn R
Florida-2
John H. Rutherford R
Florida-5
Darren Soto D
Florida-9
Brian J. Mast R
Florida-21
W. Gregory Steube R
Florida-17
Kat Cammack R
Florida-3
Scott Franklin R
Florida-18
Byron Donalds R
Florida-19
Carlos A. Gimenez R
Florida-28
Maria Elvira Salazar R
Florida-27
Aaron Bean R
Florida-4
Cory Mills R
Florida-7
Maxwell Frost D
Florida-10
Anna Paulina Luna R
Florida-13
Laurel M. Lee R
Florida-15
Jared Moskowitz D
Florida-23
Mike Haridopolos R
Florida-8
Jimmy Patronis R
Florida-1
Randy Fine R
Florida-6
Sanford D. Bishop, Jr. D
Georgia-2
Henry C. "Hank" Johnson, Jr. D
Georgia-4
Austin Scott R
Georgia-8
Earl L. "Buddy" Carter R
Georgia-1
Barry Loudermilk R
Georgia-11
Rick W. Allen R
Georgia-12
Lucy McBath D
Georgia-6
Nikema Williams D
Georgia-5
Andrew S. Clyde R
Georgia-9
Richard McCormick R
Georgia-7
Mike Collins R
Georgia-10
Brian Jack R
Georgia-3
Clay Fuller R
Georgia-14
Everton Blair Jr. D
Georgia-13
Ed Case D
Hawaii-1
Jill N. Tokuda D
Hawaii-2
Ashley Hinson R
Iowa-2
Mariannette Miller-Meeks R
Iowa-1
Randy Feenstra R
Iowa-4
Zachary Nunn R
Iowa-3
Michael K. Simpson R
Idaho-2
Russ Fulcher R
Idaho-1
Danny K. Davis D
Illinois-7
Mike Quigley D
Illinois-5
Janice D. Schakowsky D
Illinois-9
Bill Foster D
Illinois-11
Robin L. Kelly D
Illinois-2
Mike Bost R
Illinois-12
Darin LaHood R
Illinois-16
Bradley Scott Schneider D
Illinois-10
Raja Krishnamoorthi D
Illinois-8
Jesús G. "Chuy" García D
Illinois-4
Sean Casten D
Illinois-6
Lauren Underwood D
Illinois-14
Mary E. Miller R
Illinois-15
Jonathan L. Jackson D
Illinois-1
Delia C. Ramirez D
Illinois-3
Nikki Budzinski D
Illinois-13
Eric Sorensen D
Illinois-17
André Carson D
Indiana-7
James R. Baird R
Indiana-4
Frank J. Mrvan D
Indiana-1
Victoria Spartz R
Indiana-5
Rudy Yakym III R
Indiana-2
Erin Houchin R
Indiana-9
Marlin A. Stutzman R
Indiana-3
Jefferson Shreve R
Indiana-6
Mark B. Messmer R
Indiana-8
Ron Estes R
Kansas-4
Sharice Davids D
Kansas-3
Tracey Mann R
Kansas-1
Derek Schmidt R
Kansas-2
Brett Guthrie R
Kentucky-2
Harold Rogers R
Kentucky-5
Thomas Massie R
Kentucky-4
Andy Barr R
Kentucky-6
James Comer R
Kentucky-1
Morgan McGarvey D
Kentucky-3
Steve Scalise R
Louisiana-1
Clay Higgins R
Louisiana-3
Mike Johnson R
Louisiana-4
Julia Letlow R
Louisiana-5
Troy A. Carter D
Louisiana-2
Cleo Fields D
Louisiana-6
William R. Keating D
Massachusetts-9
Stephen F. Lynch D
Massachusetts-8
James P. McGovern D
Massachusetts-2
Richard E. Neal D
Massachusetts-1
Katherine M. Clark D
Massachusetts-5
Seth Moulton D
Massachusetts-6
Lori Trahan D
Massachusetts-3
Ayanna Pressley D
Massachusetts-7
Jake Auchincloss D
Massachusetts-4
Andy Harris R
Maryland-1
Steny H. Hoyer D
Maryland-5
Jamie Raskin D
Maryland-8
Kweisi Mfume D
Maryland-7
Glenn Ivey D
Maryland-4
Johnny Olszewski, Jr. D
Maryland-2
Sarah Elfreth D
Maryland-3
April McClain Delaney D
Maryland-6
Chellie Pingree D
Maine-1
Jared F. Golden D
Maine-2
Bill Huizenga R
Michigan-4
Tim Walberg R
Michigan-5
John R. Moolenaar R
Michigan-2
Debbie Dingell D
Michigan-6
Jack Bergman R
Michigan-1
Haley M. Stevens D
Michigan-11
Rashida Tlaib D
Michigan-12
Lisa C. McClain R
Michigan-9
Hillary J. Scholten D
Michigan-3
John James R
Michigan-10
Shri Thanedar D
Michigan-13
Tom Barrett R
Michigan-7
Kristen McDonald Rivet D
Michigan-8
Betty McCollum D
Minnesota-4
Tom Emmer R
Minnesota-6
Angie Craig D
Minnesota-2
Ilhan Omar D
Minnesota-5
Pete Stauber R
Minnesota-8
Michelle Fischbach R
Minnesota-7
Brad Finstad R
Minnesota-1
Kelly Morrison D
Minnesota-3
Emanuel Cleaver D
Missouri-5
Sam Graves R
Missouri-6
Ann Wagner R
Missouri-2
Jason Smith R
Missouri-8
Mark Alford R
Missouri-4
Eric Burlison R
Missouri-7
Wesley Bell D
Missouri-1
Robert F. Onder, Jr. R
Missouri-3
Bennie G. Thompson D
Mississippi-2
Trent Kelly R
Mississippi-1
Michael Guest R
Mississippi-3
Mike Ezell R
Mississippi-4
Ryan K. Zinke R
Montana-1
Troy Downing R
Montana-2
Virginia Foxx R
North Carolina-5
Richard Hudson R
North Carolina-9
Alma S. Adams D
North Carolina-12
David Rouzer R
North Carolina-7
Gregory F. Murphy R
North Carolina-3
Deborah K. Ross D
North Carolina-2
Donald G. Davis D
North Carolina-1
Valerie P. Foushee D
North Carolina-4
Chuck Edwards R
North Carolina-11
Addison P. McDowell R
North Carolina-6
Mark Harris R
North Carolina-8
Pat Harrigan R
North Carolina-10
Brad Knott R
North Carolina-13
Tim Moore R
North Carolina-14
Julie Fedorchak R
North Dakota-AL
Adrian Smith R
Nebraska-3
Don Bacon R
Nebraska-2
Mike Flood R
Nebraska-1
Chris Pappas D
New Hampshire-1
Maggie Goodlander D
New Hampshire-2
Frank Pallone, Jr. D
New Jersey-6
Christopher H. Smith R
New Jersey-4
Donald Norcross D
New Jersey-1
Bonnie Watson Coleman D
New Jersey-12
Josh Gottheimer D
New Jersey-5
Jefferson Van Drew R
New Jersey-2
Thomas H. Kean, Jr. R
New Jersey-7
Robert Menendez D
New Jersey-8
LaMonica McIver D
New Jersey-10
Herbert C. Conaway, Jr. D
New Jersey-3
Nellie Pou D
New Jersey-9
Analilia Mejia D
New Jersey-11
Teresa Leger Fernandez D
New Mexico-3
Melanie A. Stansbury D
New Mexico-1
Gabe Vasquez D
New Mexico-2
Mark E. Amodei R
Nevada-2
Dina Titus D
Nevada-1
Steven Horsford D
Nevada-4
Susie Lee D
Nevada-3
Yvette D. Clarke D
New York-9
Gregory W. Meeks D
New York-5
Jerrold Nadler D
New York-12
Paul Tonko D
New York-20
Nydia M. Velázquez D
New York-7
Grace Meng D
New York-6
Hakeem S. Jeffries D
New York-8
Elise M. Stefanik R
New York-21
Adriano Espaillat D
New York-13
Joseph D. Morelle D
New York-25
Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez D
New York-14
Andrew R. Garbarino R
New York-2
Nicole Malliotakis R
New York-11
Ritchie Torres D
New York-15
Claudia Tenney R
New York-24
Patrick Ryan D
New York-18
Nick LaLota R
New York-1
Daniel S. Goldman D
New York-10
Michael Lawler R
New York-17
Nicholas A. Langworthy R
New York-23
Thomas R. Suozzi D
New York-3
Timothy M. Kennedy D
New York-26
Laura Gillen D
New York-4
George Latimer D
New York-16
Josh Riley D
New York-19
John W. Mannion D
New York-22
Jim Jordan R
Ohio-4
Marcy Kaptur D
Ohio-9
Robert E. Latta R
Ohio-5
Michael R. Turner R
Ohio-10
Joyce Beatty D
Ohio-3
David P. Joyce R
Ohio-14
Warren Davidson R
Ohio-8
Troy Balderson R
Ohio-12
Shontel M. Brown D
Ohio-11
Mike Carey R
Ohio-15
Greg Landsman D
Ohio-1
Max L. Miller R
Ohio-7
Emilia Strong Sykes D
Ohio-13
Michael A. Rulli R
Ohio-6
David J. Taylor R
Ohio-2
Tom Cole R
Oklahoma-4
Frank D. Lucas R
Oklahoma-3
Kevin Hern R
Oklahoma-1
Stephanie I. Bice R
Oklahoma-5
Josh Brecheen R
Oklahoma-2
Suzanne Bonamici D
Oregon-1
Cliff Bentz R
Oregon-2
Val T. Hoyle D
Oregon-4
Andrea Salinas D
Oregon-6
Maxine Dexter D
Oregon-3
Janelle S. Bynum D
Oregon-5
Mike Kelly R
Pennsylvania-16
Glenn Thompson R
Pennsylvania-15
Scott Perry R
Pennsylvania-10
Brendan F. Boyle D
Pennsylvania-2
Dwight Evans D
Pennsylvania-3
Brian K. Fitzpatrick R
Pennsylvania-1
Lloyd Smucker R
Pennsylvania-11
Mary Gay Scanlon D
Pennsylvania-5
Madeleine Dean D
Pennsylvania-4
Chrissy Houlahan D
Pennsylvania-6
Daniel Meuser R
Pennsylvania-9
John Joyce R
Pennsylvania-13
Guy Reschenthaler R
Pennsylvania-14
Summer L. Lee D
Pennsylvania-12
Christopher R. Deluzio D
Pennsylvania-17
Ryan Mackenzie R
Pennsylvania-7
Robert P. Bresnahan, Jr. R
Pennsylvania-8
Seth Magaziner D
Rhode Island-2
Gabe Amo D
Rhode Island-1
James E. Clyburn D
South Carolina-6
Joe Wilson R
South Carolina-2
Ralph Norman R
South Carolina-5
William R. Timmons IV R
South Carolina-4
Nancy Mace R
South Carolina-1
Russell Fry R
South Carolina-7
Sheri Biggs R
South Carolina-3
Dusty Johnson R
South Dakota-AL
Steve Cohen D
Tennessee-9
Scott DesJarlais R
Tennessee-4
Charles J. "Chuck" Fleischmann R
Tennessee-3
David Kustoff R
Tennessee-8
Tim Burchett R
Tennessee-2
John W. Rose R
Tennessee-6
Diana Harshbarger R
Tennessee-1
Andrew Ogles R
Tennessee-5
Matt Van Epps R
Tennessee-7
John R. Carter R
Texas-31
Henry Cuellar D
Texas-28
Lloyd Doggett D
Texas-37
Al Green D
Texas-9
Michael T. McCaul R
Texas-10
Randy K. Weber, Sr. R
Texas-14
Joaquin Castro D
Texas-20
Roger Williams R
Texas-25
Marc A. Veasey D
Texas-33
Brian Babin R
Texas-36
Vicente Gonzalez D
Texas-34
Jodey C. Arrington R
Texas-19
Michael Cloud R
Texas-27
Dan Crenshaw R
Texas-2
Lance Gooden R
Texas-5
Lizzie Fletcher D
Texas-7
Veronica Escobar D
Texas-16
Chip Roy R
Texas-21
Sylvia R. Garcia D
Texas-29
Pete Sessions R
Texas-17
Pat Fallon R
Texas-4
August Pfluger R
Texas-11
Ronny Jackson R
Texas-13
Troy E. Nehls R
Texas-22
Beth Van Duyne R
Texas-24
Jake Ellzey R
Texas-6
Nathaniel Moran R
Texas-1
Keith Self R
Texas-3
Morgan Luttrell R
Texas-8
Monica De La Cruz R
Texas-15
Jasmine Crockett D
Texas-30
Greg Casar D
Texas-35
Wesley Hunt R
Texas-38
Craig A. Goldman R
Texas-12
Brandon Gill R
Texas-26
Julie Johnson D
Texas-32
Christian D. Menefee D
Texas-18
Blake D. Moore R
Utah-1
Burgess Owens R
Utah-4
Celeste Maloy R
Utah-2
Mike Kennedy R
Utah-3
H. Morgan Griffith R
Virginia-9
Robert C. "Bobby" Scott D
Virginia-3
Robert J. Wittman R
Virginia-1
Donald S. Beyer, Jr. D
Virginia-8
Ben Cline R
Virginia-6
Jennifer A. Kiggans R
Virginia-2
Jennifer L. McClellan D
Virginia-4
John J. McGuire III R
Virginia-5
Eugene Simon Vindman D
Virginia-7
Suhas Subramanyam D
Virginia-10
James R. Walkinshaw D
Virginia-11
Becca Balint D
Vermont-AL
Rick Larsen D
Washington-2
Adam Smith D
Washington-9
Suzan K. DelBene D
Washington-1
Dan Newhouse R
Washington-4
Pramila Jayapal D
Washington-7
Kim Schrier D
Washington-8
Marilyn Strickland D
Washington-10
Marie Gluesenkamp Perez D
Washington-3
Michael Baumgartner R
Washington-5
Emily Randall D
Washington-6
Gwen Moore D
Wisconsin-4
Mark Pocan D
Wisconsin-2
Glenn Grothman R
Wisconsin-6
Bryan Steil R
Wisconsin-1
Thomas P. Tiffany R
Wisconsin-7
Scott Fitzgerald R
Wisconsin-5
Derrick Van Orden R
Wisconsin-3
Tony Wied R
Wisconsin-8
Carol D. Miller R
West Virginia-1
Riley M. Moore R
West Virginia-2
Harriet M. Hageman R
Wyoming-AL
Daniel Alexander Sutherland R
Alaska-AL
LaFayette Lee Patterson D
Alabama-5
Miles Clayton Allgood D
Alabama-7
Edward Berton Almon D
Alabama-8
Lamar Jeffers D
Alabama-4
George Huddleston D
Alabama-9
John McDuffie D
Alabama-1
William Bacon Oliver D
Alabama-6
William Brockman Bankhead D
Alabama-10
Henry Bascom Steagall D
Alabama-3
Joseph Lister Hill D
Alabama-2
Pearl Peden Oldfield D
Arkansas-2
Otis Theodore Wingo D
Arkansas-4
David Delano Glover D
Arkansas-6
Heartsill Ragon D
Arkansas-5
Tilman Bacon Parks D
Arkansas-7
William Joshua Driver D
Arkansas-1
Claude Albert Fuller D
Arkansas-3
Lewis Williams Douglas D
Arizona-AL
Charles Forrest Curry R
California-3
Henry Ellsworth Barbour R
California-7
Joe Crail R
California-10
Arthur Monroe Free R
California-8
Philip David Swing R
California-11
William Elmer Evans R
California-9
Florence Prag Kahn R
California-4
Albert Edward Carter R
California-6
Harry Lane Englebright R
California-2
Clarence Frederick Lea D
California-1
Richard Joseph Welch R
California-5
William Robb Eaton R
Colorado-1
Guy Urban Hardy R
Colorado-3
Charles Bateman Timberlake R
Colorado-2
Edward Thomas Taylor D
Colorado-4
Edward Hart Fenn R
Connecticut-1
James Peter Glynn R
Connecticut-5
Richard Patrick Freeman R
Connecticut-2
John Quillin Tilson R
Connecticut-3
Schuyler Merritt R
Connecticut-4
Robert Griffith Houston R
Delaware-AL
Herbert Jackson Drane D
Florida-1
Ruth Bryan Owen D
Florida-4
Thomas Alva Yon D
Florida-3
Robert Alexis Green D
Florida-2
Thomas Montgomery Bell D
Georgia-9
Leslie Jasper Steele D
Georgia-5
Charles Robert Crisp D
Georgia-3
Charles Gordon Edwards D
Georgia-1
William Chester Lankford D
Georgia-11
William Washington Larsen D
Georgia-12
Samuel Rutherford D
Georgia-6
William Carter Wright D
Georgia-4
Charles Hillyer Brand D
Georgia-8
Malcolm Connor Tarver D
Georgia-7
Edward Eugene Cox D
Georgia-2
Carl Vinson D
Georgia-10
Victor Stewart Kaleoaloha Houston R
Hawaii-AL
Fred Dickinson Letts R
Iowa-2
Ed Hoyt Campbell R
Iowa-11
Cyrenus Cole R
Iowa-5
Lester Jesse Dickinson R
Iowa-10
Gilbert Nelson Haugen R
Iowa-4
William Frederick Kopp R
Iowa-1
Christian William Ramseyer R
Iowa-6
Thomas John Bright Robinson R
Iowa-3
Charles Edward Swanson R
Iowa-9
Lloyd Thurston R
Iowa-8
Cassius Clay Dowell R
Iowa-7
Burton Lee French R
Idaho-1
Addison Taylor Smith R
Idaho-2
Edward Everett Denison R
Illinois-25
Thomas Aloysius Doyle D
Illinois-4
Edward Michael Irwin R
Illinois-22
Ruth Hanna McCormick R
Illinois-AL
Magne Alfred Michaelson R
Illinois-7
Frank Marion Ramey R
Illinois-21
Elliott Wilford Sproul R
Illinois-3
Thomas Sutler Williams R
Illinois-24
Charles Adkins R
Illinois-19
John Clayton Allen R
Illinois-14
Carl Richard Chindblom R
Illinois-10
Burnett Mitchell Chiperfield R
Illinois-15
Homer William Hall R
Illinois-17
William Perry Holaday R
Illinois-18
Morton Denison Hull R
Illinois-2
William Edgar Hull R
Illinois-16
James Thomas Igoe D
Illinois-6
William Richard Johnson R
Illinois-13
Stanley Henry Kunz D
Illinois-8
Frederick Albert Britten R
Illinois-9
Oscar Stanton De Priest R
Illinois-1
Henry Thomas Rainey D
Illinois-20
Frank R. Reid R
Illinois-11
William Wright Arnold D
Illinois-23
John Theodore Buckbee R
Illinois-12
Adolph Joachim Sabath D
Illinois-5
James Whitson Dunbar R
Indiana-3
Richard Nash Elliott R
Indiana-6
Albert Richardson Hall R
Indiana-11
Andrew James Hickey R
Indiana-13
Harry Emerson Rowbottom R
Indiana-1
Harry Clifford Canfield D
Indiana-4
David Hogg R
Indiana-12
Fred Sampson Purnell R
Indiana-9
Albert Henry Vestal R
Indiana-8
William Robert Wood R
Indiana-10
Arthur Herbert Greenwood D
Indiana-2
Noble Jacob Johnson R
Indiana-5
Louis Leon Ludlow D
Indiana-7
William Henry Sproul R
Kansas-3
Homer Hoch R
Kansas-4
Charles Isaac Sparks R
Kansas-6
James George Strong R
Kansas-5
William Augustus Ayres D
Kansas-8
Ulysses Samuel Guyer R
Kansas-2
William Purnell Lambertson R
Kansas-1
Clifford Ragsdale Hope R
Kansas-7
John Marshall Robsion R
Kentucky-11
Robert E. Lee Blackburn R
Kentucky-7
John Durrett Craddock R
Kentucky-4
John Lloyd Dorsey Jr. D
Kentucky-2
Elva Roscoe Kendall R
Kentucky-9
Katherine Gudger Langley R
Kentucky-10
Judson Lincoln Newhall R
Kentucky-6
Charles Wickliffe Roark R
Kentucky-AL
Lewis Leavell Walker R
Kentucky-8
John William Moore D
Kentucky-3
Maurice Hudson Thatcher R
Kentucky-5
William Voris Gregory D
Kentucky-1
Whitmell Pugh Martin D
Louisiana-AL
James O’Connor D
Louisiana-1
James Zacharie Spearing D
Louisiana-2
James Benjamin Aswell D
Louisiana-8
Bolivar Edwards Kemp D
Louisiana-6
Numa Francois Montet D
Louisiana-3
John Nicholas Sandlin D
Louisiana-4
Riley Joseph Wilson D
Louisiana-5
René Louis De Rouen D
Louisiana-7
William Kirk Kaynor R
Massachusetts-2
George Russell Stobbs R
Massachusetts-4
Frederick William Dallinger R
Massachusetts-8
Charles Lee Underhill R
Massachusetts-9
John Joseph Douglass D
Massachusetts-10
Frank Herbert Foss R
Massachusetts-3
Abram Piatt Andrew Jr. R
Massachusetts-6
William Patrick Connery Jr. D
Massachusetts-7
Robert Luce R
Massachusetts-13
George Holden Tinkham R
Massachusetts-11
Allen Towner Treadway R
Massachusetts-1
Charles Laceille Gifford R
Massachusetts-16
Richard Bowditch Wigglesworth R
Massachusetts-14
Edith Nourse Rogers R
Massachusetts-5
Joseph William Martin Jr. R
Massachusetts-15
John William McCormack D
Massachusetts-12
Linwood Leon Clark R
Maryland-2
Frederick Nicholas Zihlman R
Maryland-6
John Charles Linthicum D
Maryland-4
Stephen Warfield Gambrill D
Maryland-5
Vincent Luke Palmisano D
Maryland-3
Thomas Alan Goldsborough D
Maryland-1
John Edward Nelson R
Maine-3
Donald Francis Snow R
Maine-4
Carroll Lynwood Beedy R
Maine-1
Wallace Humphrey White Jr. R
Maine-2
Louis Convers Cramton R
Michigan-7
Grant Martin Hudson R
Michigan-6
Frank Probasco Bohn R
Michigan-11
Robert Henry Clancy R
Michigan-1
John Clark Ketcham R
Michigan-4
James Campbell McLaughlin R
Michigan-9
Bird J. Vincent R
Michigan-8
Joseph Lawrence Hooper R
Michigan-3
William Francis James R
Michigan-12
Carl Edgar Mapes R
Michigan-5
Clarence John McLeod R
Michigan-13
Earl Cory Michener R
Michigan-2
Roy Orchard Woodruff R
Michigan-10
Ole Juulson Kvale FL
Minnesota-7
Walter Hughes Newton R
Minnesota-5
Victor Laurence August Christgau R
Minnesota-1
Frank Clague R
Minnesota-2
Godfrey Gummer Goodwin R
Minnesota-10
Conrad George Selvig R
Minnesota-9
Melvin Joseph Maas R
Minnesota-4
William Alvin Pittenger R
Minnesota-8
Harold Knutson R
Minnesota-6
August Herman Andresen R
Minnesota-3
Edgar Clarence Ellis R
Missouri-5
Thomas Jefferson Halsey R
Missouri-6
Rowland Louis Johnston R
Missouri-16
Charles Edward Kiefner R
Missouri-13
John William Palmer R
Missouri-7
Leonidas Carstarphen Dyer R
Missouri-12
David William Hopkins R
Missouri-4
Joe Jonathan Manlove R
Missouri-15
Henry Frederick Niedringhaus R
Missouri-10
Ralph Fulton Lozier D
Missouri-2
Jacob Le Roy Milligan D
Missouri-3
William Lester Nelson D
Missouri-8
Milton Andrew Romjue D
Missouri-1
John Joseph Cochran D
Missouri-11
Dewey Jackson Short R
Missouri-14
Clarence Andrew Cannon D
Missouri-9
James William Collier D
Mississippi-8
Robert Samuel Hall D
Mississippi-6
Percy Edwards Quin D
Mississippi-7
Thomas Jefferson Busby D
Mississippi-4
Ross Alexander Collins D
Mississippi-5
Wall Doxey D
Mississippi-2
William Madison Whittington D
Mississippi-3
John Elliott Rankin D
Mississippi-1
John Morgan Evans D
Montana-1
Scott Leavitt R
Montana-2
William Cicero Hammer D
North Carolina-7
Charles Andrew Jonas R
North Carolina-9
George Moore Pritchard R
North Carolina-10
Charles Manly Stedman D
North Carolina-5
Charles Laban Abernethy D
North Carolina-3
Edward William Pou D
North Carolina-4
Lindsay Carter Warren D
North Carolina-1
Jerome Bayard Clark D
North Carolina-6
Robert Lee Doughton D
North Carolina-8
John Hosea Kerr D
North Carolina-2
Olger Burton Burtness R
North Dakota-1
Thomas Hall R
North Dakota-2
James Herbert Sinclair R
North Dakota-3
Fred Gustus Johnson R
Nebraska-5
Willis Gratz Sears R
Nebraska-2
Charles Henry Sloan R
Nebraska-4
Robert Glenmore Simmons R
Nebraska-6
Edgar Howard D
Nebraska-3
John Henry Morehead D
Nebraska-1
Fletcher Hale R
New Hampshire-1
Edward Hills Wason R
New Hampshire-2
Franklin William Fort R
New Jersey-9
Harold Giles Hoffman R
New Jersey-3
Ernest Robinson Ackerman R
New Jersey-5
Oscar Louis Auf Der Heide D
New Jersey-11
Isaac Bacharach R
New Jersey-2
Frederick Reimold Lehlbach R
New Jersey-10
Randolph Perkins R
New Jersey-6
George Nicholas Seger R
New Jersey-7
Fred Allan Hartley Jr. R
New Jersey-8
Mary Teresa Norton D
New Jersey-12
Charles Aubrey Eaton R
New Jersey-4
Charles Anderson Wolverton R
New Jersey-1
Albert Gallatin Simms R
New Mexico-1
Samuel Shaw Arentz R
Nevada-AL
John Francis Carew D
New York-18
Stephen Wallace Dempsey R
New York-40
David Joseph O’Connell D
New York-9
John Francis Quayle D
New York-7
Jonathan Mayhew Wainwright R
New York-25
Royal Hurlburt Weller D
New York-AL
Edmund Francis Cooke R
New York-41
Frederick Morgan Davenport R
New York-33
Fiorello Henry La Guardia R
New York-20
Harcourt Joseph Pratt R
New York-27
Ruth Sears Baker Pratt R
New York-17
Archie Dovell Sanders R
New York-39
Loring Milton Black Jr. D
New York-5
Patrick J. Carley D
New York-8
John Davenport Clarke R
New York-34
George Washington Lindsay D
New York-3
Frank Oliver D
New York-23
James Southworth Parker R
New York-29
Anning Smith Prall D
New York-11
Gale Hamilton Stalker R
New York-37
James Lucius Whitley R
New York-38
William Frank Brunner D
New York-2
Parker Corning D
New York-28
Anthony Jerome Griffin D
New York-22
Robert Low Bacon R
New York-1
John Joseph Boylan D
New York-15
John Joseph O’Connor D
New York-16
Bertrand Hollis Snell R
New York-31
William Irving Sirovich D
New York-14
Christopher Daniel Sullivan D
New York-13
Frank Crowther R
New York-30
James Michael Mead D
New York-42
Francis Dugan Culkin R
New York-32
Thomas Henry Cullen D
New York-4
Hamilton Fish R
New York-26
James Martin Fitzpatrick D
New York-24
Joseph Andrew Gavagan D
New York-21
Samuel Dickstein D
New York-12
Clarence Eugene Hancock R
New York-35
Sol Bloom D
New York-19
Andrew Lawrence Somers D
New York-6
Daniel Alden Reed R
New York-43
John Taber R
New York-36
Emanuel Celler D
New York-10
Joseph Edward Baird R
Ohio-13
William Wallace Chalmers R
Ohio-9
Roy Gerald Fitzgerald R
Ohio-3
Charles Cyrus Kearns R
Ohio-6
William Mitchell Morgan R
Ohio-17
John Charles Speaks R
Ohio-12
Charles James Thompson R
Ohio-5
Charles Brand R
Ohio-7
John Levi Cable R
Ohio-4
Nicholas Longworth R
Ohio-1
Charles Blaine McClintock R
Ohio-16
Charles Anthony Mooney D
Ohio-20
Charles Ellis Moore R
Ohio-15
Grant Earl Mouser Jr. R
Ohio-8
Benjamin Franklin Murphy R
Ohio-18
Francis Seiberling R
Ohio-14
John Gordon Cooper R
Ohio-19
Mell Gilbert Underwood D
Ohio-11
Chester Castle Bolton R
Ohio-22
Robert Crosser D
Ohio-21
Thomas Albert Jenkins R
Ohio-10
William Emil Hess R
Ohio-2
Charles O’Connor R
Oklahoma-1
Ulysses Stevens Stone R
Oklahoma-5
Milton Cline Garber R
Oklahoma-8
William Wirt Hastings D
Oklahoma-2
James Vernon McClintic D
Oklahoma-7
Thomas Deitz McKeown D
Oklahoma-4
Wilburn Cartwright D
Oklahoma-3
Jed Joseph Johnson D
Oklahoma-6
Franklin Frederick Korell R
Oregon-3
Robert Reyburn Butler R
Oregon-2
Willis Chatman Hawley R
Oregon-1
John Joseph Casey D
Pennsylvania-12
Charles Joseph Esterly R
Pennsylvania-14
William Walton Griest R
Pennsylvania-10
Edgar Raymond Kiess R
Pennsylvania-16
Franklin Menges R
Pennsylvania-22
Stephen Geyer Porter R
Pennsylvania-32
Laurence Hawley Watres R
Pennsylvania-11
Edward McMath Beers R
Pennsylvania-18
Guy Edgar Campbell R
Pennsylvania-36
James Mitchell Chase R
Pennsylvania-23
William Radford Coyle R
Pennsylvania-30
Harry Allison Estep R
Pennsylvania-35
Benjamin Martin Golder R
Pennsylvania-4
George Scott Graham R
Pennsylvania-2
Samuel Austin Kendall R
Pennsylvania-24
James Russell Leech R
Pennsylvania-20
Frederick William Magrady R
Pennsylvania-17
Milton William Shreve R
Pennsylvania-29
Patrick Joseph Sullivan R
Pennsylvania-34
Henry Wilson Temple R
Pennsylvania-25
George Austin Welsh R
Pennsylvania-6
Adam Martin Wyant R
Pennsylvania-31
James Montgomery Beck R
Pennsylvania-1
George Franklin Brumm R
Pennsylvania-13
Thomas Cunningham Cochran R
Pennsylvania-28
James Joseph Connolly R
Pennsylvania-5
Melville Clyde Kelly R
Pennsylvania-33
Jacob Banks Kurtz R
Pennsylvania-21
Louis Thomas McFadden R
Pennsylvania-15
Nathan Leroy Strong R
Pennsylvania-27
Jesse Howard Swick R
Pennsylvania-26
Henry Winfield Watson R
Pennsylvania-9
Isaac Hoffer Doutrich R
Pennsylvania-19
Harry Clay Ransley R
Pennsylvania-3
George Potter Darrow R
Pennsylvania-7
James Wolfenden R
Pennsylvania-8
Jeremiah Edward O’Connell D
Rhode Island-3
Richard Steere Aldrich R
Rhode Island-2
Clark Burdick R
Rhode Island-1
Frederick Haskell Dominick D
South Carolina-3
William Francis Stevenson D
South Carolina-5
John Jackson McSwain D
South Carolina-4
Allard Henry Gasque D
South Carolina-6
Thomas Sanders McMillan D
South Carolina-1
Hampton Pitts Fulmer D
South Carolina-7
Butler Black Hare D
South Carolina-2
Charles Andrew Christopherson R
South Dakota-1
Royal Cleaves Johnson R
South Dakota-2
William Williamson R
South Dakota-3
Hubert Frederick Fisher D
Tennessee-10
Ewin Lamar Davis D
Tennessee-5
Edward Everett Eslick D
Tennessee-7
Cordell Hull D
Tennessee-4
Gordon Weaver Browning D
Tennessee-8
Joseph Wellington Byrns D
Tennessee-6
Samuel Davis McReynolds D
Tennessee-3
James Willis Taylor R
Tennessee-2
Jere Cooper D
Tennessee-9
Brazilla Carroll Reece R
Tennessee-1
John Calvin Box D
Texas-2
Claude Benton Hudspeth D
Texas-16
Robert Quincy Lee D
Texas-17
Augustus McCloskey D
Texas-14
Daniel Edward Garrett D
Texas-8
Guinn Williams D
Texas-13
Clay Stone Briggs D
Texas-7
John Nance Garner D
Texas-15
Oliver Harlan Cross D
Texas-11
James Paul Buchanan D
Texas-10
Morgan Gurley Sanders D
Texas-3
John Marvin Jones D
Texas-18
Luther Alexander Johnson D
Texas-6
Fritz Garland Lanham D
Texas-12
Hatton William Sumners D
Texas-5
Joseph Jefferson Mansfield D
Texas-9
Samuel Taliaferro Rayburn D
Texas-4
John William Wright Patman D
Texas-1
Elmer O. Leatherwood R
Utah-2
Don Byron Colton R
Utah-1
Jacob Aaron Garber R
Virginia-7
Robert Walton Moore D
Virginia-8
Joseph Crockett Shaffer R
Virginia-9
Joseph Whitehead D
Virginia-5
Menalcus Lankford R
Virginia-2
Henry St. George Tucker D
Virginia-10
Andrew Jackson Montague D
Virginia-3
Clifton Alexander Woodrum D
Virginia-6
Patrick Henry Drewry D
Virginia-4
Schuyler Otis Bland D
Virginia-1
Elbert Sidney Brigham R
Vermont-1
Ernest Willard Gibson R
Vermont-2
John Franklin Miller R
Washington-1
Lindley Hoag Hadley R
Washington-2
Albert Johnson R
Washington-3
John William Summers R
Washington-4
Samuel Billingsley Hill D
Washington-5
Edward Everts Browne R
Wisconsin-8
Florian Lampert R
Wisconsin-6
Henry Allen Cooper R
Wisconsin-1
Charles August Kading R
Wisconsin-2
John Mandt Nelson R
Wisconsin-3
William Henry Stafford R
Wisconsin-5
James Archibald Frear R
Wisconsin-10
Hubert Haskell Peavey R
Wisconsin-11
George John Schneider R
Wisconsin-9
John Charles Schafer R
Wisconsin-4
Merlin Hull R
Wisconsin-7
James Anthony Hughes R
West Virginia-4
John Marshall Wolverton R
West Virginia-3
Carl George Bachmann R
West Virginia-1
Frank Llewellyn Bowman R
West Virginia-2
Hugh Ike Shott R
West Virginia-5
Joseph Luther Smith D
West Virginia-6
Vincent Michael Carter R
Wyoming-AL
legislative/lawsLaws enacted
+13,008Congress.gov ↗
Complete lists of public laws start with the 93rd Congress (Jan 3, 1973). Earlier years show notable and landmark acts only.
13,008 laws recorded · 48 landmark · 2,957 notable
Securities Act of 1933 landmark
Pub. L. 73-22 · May 27, 1933
Glass–Steagall Act of 1933 (Banking Act of 1933) landmark
Pub. L. 73-66 · Jun 16, 1933
Securities Exchange Act of 1934 landmark
Pub. L. 73-291 · Jun 6, 1934
National Labor Relations Act of 1935 (Wagner Act) landmark
Pub. L. 74-198 · Jul 5, 1935
Social Security Act landmark
Pub. L. 74-271 · Aug 14, 1935
Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act landmark
Pub. L. 75-717 · Jun 25, 1938
Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 landmark
Pub. L. 75-718 · Jun 25, 1938
Selective Training and Service Act of 1940 landmark
Pub. L. 76-783 · Sep 16, 1940
Lend-Lease Act landmark
Pub. L. 77-11 · Mar 11, 1941
Servicemen's Readjustment Act of 1944 (G.I. Bill) landmark
Pub. L. 78-346 · Jun 22, 1944
Show 30 more notable laws
Taft–Hartley Act landmark
Pub. L. 80-101 · Jun 23, 1947
National Security Act of 1947 landmark
Pub. L. 80-253 · Jul 26, 1947
Federal Aid Highway Act of 1956 landmark
Pub. L. 84-627 · Jun 29, 1956
Clean Air Act landmark
Pub. L. 88-206 · Dec 17, 1963
Civil Rights Act of 1964 landmark
Pub. L. 88-352 · Jul 2, 1964
Elementary and Secondary Education Act landmark
Pub. L. 89-10 · Apr 11, 1965
Social Security Amendments of 1965 landmark
Pub. L. 89-97 · Jul 30, 1965
Voting Rights Act of 1965 landmark
Pub. L. 89-110 · Aug 6, 1965
Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 landmark
Pub. L. 89-236 · Oct 3, 1965
Higher Education Act of 1965 landmark
Pub. L. 89-329 · Nov 8, 1965
Freedom of Information Act landmark
Pub. L. 89-487 · Jul 4, 1966
Civil Rights Act of 1968 landmark
Pub. L. 90-284 · Apr 11, 1968
National Environmental Policy Act landmark
Pub. L. 91-190 · Jan 1, 1970
Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) landmark
Pub. L. 91-596 · Dec 29, 1970
Clean Water Act landmark
Pub. L. 92-500 · Oct 18, 1972
War Powers Resolution landmark
Pub. L. 93-148 · Nov 7, 1973
Rep. Clement Zablocki D-WI-4 · House 284–135 · Senate 75–18 · signed by Nixon
Endangered Species Act of 1973 landmark
Pub. L. 93-205 · Dec 28, 1973
Sen. Harrison Williams D-NJ · House 355–4 · Senate 92–0 · signed by Nixon
Tax Reform Act of 1986 landmark
Pub. L. 99-514 · Oct 22, 1986
Rep. Dan Rostenkowski D-IL-8 · House 292–136 · Senate 74–23 · signed by Reagan
Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 (Simpson-Mazzoli Act) landmark
Pub. L. 99-603 · Nov 6, 1986
Sen. Alan Simpson R-WY · House 238–173 · Senate 63–24 · signed by Reagan
Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 landmark
Pub. L. 101-336 · Jul 26, 1990
Sen. Tom Harkin D-IA · House 377–28 · Senate 91–6 · signed by Bush
Telecommunications Act of 1996 landmark
Pub. L. 104-104 · Feb 8, 1996
Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996 landmark
Pub. L. 104-193 · Aug 22, 1996
Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism (USA PATRIOT ACT) Act of 2001 landmark
Pub. L. 107-56 · Oct 26, 2001
No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 landmark
Pub. L. 107-110 · Jan 8, 2002
Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 landmark
Pub. L. 107-204 · Jul 30, 2002
Homeland Security Act of 2002 landmark
Pub. L. 107-296 · Nov 25, 2002
Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act of 2003 landmark
Pub. L. 108-173 · Dec 8, 2003
Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008 landmark
Pub. L. 110-343 · Oct 3, 2008
American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 landmark
Pub. L. 111-5 · Feb 17, 2009
Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act landmark
Pub. L. 111-148 · Mar 23, 2010
Under each law: its sponsor, the final-passage roll call in each chamber (hover for the party split; no roll call means a voice vote or unanimous consent), and the president who signed it. Sources: Congress.gov, the House Clerk, and the Senate.

Judicial3 files+14,597−9

judicial/supreme-courtThe Supreme Court
+9−9Federal Judicial Center ↗
Bench by appointing party: 7 R · 2 D → 6 R · 3 D · every justice ↗
Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. R
appointed by Theodore Roosevelt · 1902
Willis Van Devanter R
appointed by William H. Taft · 1910
James Clark McReynolds D
appointed by Woodrow Wilson · 1914 · confirmed 44–6
Louis Dembitz Brandeis D
appointed by Woodrow Wilson · 1916 · confirmed 47–22
William Howard Taft R
appointed by Warren G. Harding · 1921
George Sutherland R
appointed by Warren G. Harding · 1922
Pierce Butler R
appointed by Warren G. Harding · 1922 · confirmed 61–8
Edward Terry Sanford R
appointed by Warren G. Harding · 1923
Harlan Fiske Stone R
appointed by Calvin Coolidge · 1925 · confirmed 71–6
Clarence Thomas R
appointed by George H.W. Bush · 1991 · confirmed 52–48
John Glover Roberts, Jr. R
appointed by George W. Bush · 2005 · confirmed 78–22
Samuel A. Alito, Jr. R
appointed by George W. Bush · 2006 · confirmed 58–42
Sonia Sotomayor D
appointed by Barack Obama · 2009 · confirmed 68–31
Elena Kagan D
appointed by Barack Obama · 2010 · confirmed 63–37
Neil M. Gorsuch R
appointed by Donald J. Trump · 2017 · confirmed 54–45
Brett M. Kavanaugh R
appointed by Donald J. Trump · 2018 · confirmed 50–48
Amy Coney Barrett R
appointed by Donald J. Trump · 2020 · confirmed 52–48
Ketanji Brown Jackson D
appointed by Joseph R. Biden · 2022 · confirmed 53–47
judicial/lower-courtsAppeals & district courts
+3,747Federal Judicial Center ↗
Courts of appeals (active judges): 27 R · 11 D · 4 N( → 92 R · 87 D
District courts (active judges): 113 R · 30 D · 3 N( → 373 D · 279 R
Herbert Hoover R appointed 59 judges
3 Supreme Court · 12 appeals · 38 district · 6 other
Franklin D. Roosevelt D appointed 222 judges
9 Supreme Court · 51 appeals · 149 district · 13 other
None (assignment) N( appointed 2 judges
2 district
Harry S Truman D appointed 152 judges
4 Supreme Court · 27 appeals · 112 district · 9 other
None (reassignment) N( appointed 77 judges
34 appeals · 31 district · 12 other
Dwight D. Eisenhower R appointed 191 judges
5 Supreme Court · 45 appeals · 131 district · 10 other
John F. Kennedy D appointed 134 judges
2 Supreme Court · 21 appeals · 109 district · 2 other
Lyndon B. Johnson D appointed 187 judges
2 Supreme Court · 40 appeals · 132 district · 13 other
Richard M. Nixon R appointed 239 judges
4 Supreme Court · 46 appeals · 182 district · 7 other
Gerald Ford R appointed 67 judges
1 Supreme Court · 11 appeals · 55 district
Jimmy Carter D appointed 267 judges
56 appeals · 208 district · 3 other
Ronald Reagan R appointed 387 judges
4 Supreme Court · 83 appeals · 294 district · 6 other
George H.W. Bush R appointed 194 judges
2 Supreme Court · 42 appeals · 149 district · 1 other
William J. Clinton D appointed 383 judges
2 Supreme Court · 66 appeals · 310 district · 5 other
George W. Bush R appointed 328 judges
2 Supreme Court · 61 appeals · 263 district · 2 other
Barack Obama D appointed 330 judges
2 Supreme Court · 55 appeals · 269 district · 4 other
Donald J. Trump R appointed 293 judges
3 Supreme Court · 64 appeals · 222 district · 4 other
Joseph R. Biden D appointed 235 judges
1 Supreme Court · 45 appeals · 187 district · 2 other
8 circuits flipped majority
Second Circuit 1 D · 4 R (R majority)
Second Circuit 7 D · 6 R (D majority)
Third Circuit 2 D · 1 R (D majority)
Third Circuit 6 D · 8 R (R majority)
Fourth Circuit 0 D · 3 R (R majority)
Fourth Circuit 9 D · 6 R (D majority)
Fifth Circuit 2 D · 1 R (D majority)
Fifth Circuit 5 D · 12 R (R majority)
Seventh Circuit 3 D · 1 R (D majority)
Seventh Circuit 5 D · 6 R (R majority)
Ninth Circuit 0 D · 4 R (R majority)
Ninth Circuit 16 D · 13 R (D majority)
Tenth Circuit 0 D · 2 R (R majority)
Tenth Circuit 7 D · 5 R (D majority)
District of Columbia Circuit 0 D · 3 R (R majority)
District of Columbia Circuit 7 D · 4 R (D majority)
D and R describe the party of the appointing president, not the judge. Active service ends when a judge takes senior status.
judicial/rulingsSupreme Court decisions
+10,841Supreme Court Database ↗
10,841 argued decisions · 30 landmark
Go-Bart Importing Company v. United States
282 U.S. 344 · Jan 5, 1931 · Decided 9–0 · Criminal Procedure · Reversed · Declared federal law unconstitutional
Near v. Minnesota ex rel. Olson
283 U.S. 697 · Jun 1, 1931 · Decided 5–4 · First Amendment · Dismissed · Struck down state law
Heiner v. Donnan
285 U.S. 312 · Mar 21, 1932 · Decided 6–2 · Federal Taxation · Declared federal law unconstitutional
United States v. Lefkowitz
285 U.S. 452 · Apr 11, 1932 · Decided 8–0 · Criminal Procedure · Affirmed · Declared federal law unconstitutional
Ozie Powell v. Alabama
287 U.S. 45 · Nov 7, 1932 · Decided 7–2 · Civil Rights · Reversed and remanded
Grau v. United States
287 U.S. 124 · Nov 7, 1932 · Decided 7–2 · Criminal Procedure · Reversed · Declared federal law unconstitutional
Nathanson v. United States
290 U.S. 41 · Nov 6, 1933 · Decided 9–0 · Criminal Procedure · Reversed · Declared federal law unconstitutional
Booth v. United States
291 U.S. 339 · Feb 5, 1934 · Decided 9–0 · Attorneys · Declared federal law unconstitutional
Lynch v. United States
292 U.S. 571 · Jun 4, 1934 · Decided 9–0 · Civil Rights · Reversed · Declared federal law unconstitutional
Panama Refining Co. v. Ryan
293 U.S. 388 · Jan 7, 1935 · Decided 8–1 · Miscellaneous · Reversed and remanded · Declared federal law unconstitutional
Show 20 more
Perry v. United States
Feb 18, 1935 · Decided 5–4 · Economic Activity · Declared federal law unconstitutional
Railroad Retirement Board v. Alton Railroad Co.
May 6, 1935 · Decided 5–4 · Judicial Power · Affirmed · Declared federal law unconstitutional
A. L. A. Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States
May 27, 1935 · Decided 9–0 · Economic Activity · Reversed · Declared federal law unconstitutional
Humphrey's Executor v. United States
May 27, 1935 · Decided 9–0 · Miscellaneous
Louisville Joint Stock Land Bank v. Radford
May 27, 1935 · Decided 9–0 · Due Process · Reversed · Declared federal law unconstitutional
Hopkins Federal Savings & Loan Assn. v. Cleary
Dec 9, 1935 · Decided 9–0 · Economic Activity · Affirmed · Declared federal law unconstitutional
United States v. Constantine
Dec 9, 1935 · Decided 6–3 · Criminal Procedure · Affirmed · Declared federal law unconstitutional
United States v. Butler
Jan 6, 1936 · Decided 6–3 · Federal Taxation · Affirmed · Declared federal law unconstitutional
Rickert Rice Mills, Inc. v. Fontenot
Jan 13, 1936 · Decided 9–0 · Federal Taxation · Vacated · Declared federal law unconstitutional
Carter v. Carter Coal Co.
May 18, 1936 · Decided 6–3 · Unions · Reversed · Declared federal law unconstitutional
Ashton v. Cameron County Water Improvement District No. One
May 25, 1936 · Decided 5–4 · Federalism · Affirmed · Declared federal law unconstitutional
United States v. Curtiss-Wright Export Corp.
Dec 21, 1936 · Decided 7–1 · Miscellaneous · Reversed and remanded
West Coast Hotel Co. v. Parrish
Mar 29, 1937 · Decided 5–4 · Civil Rights · Affirmed · Overruled precedent
National Labor Relations Board v. Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp.
Apr 12, 1937 · Decided 9–0 · Unions · Reversed and remanded
United States v. Carolene Products Co.
Apr 25, 1938 · Decided 6–1 · Economic Activity · Reversed
Erie Railroad Co. v. Tompkins
Apr 25, 1938 · Decided 8–0 · Judicial Power · Reversed and remanded · Overruled precedent
Wickard v. Filburn
Nov 9, 1942 · Decided 8–0 · Economic Activity · Reversed
Tot v. United States
Jun 7, 1943 · Decided 8–0 · Criminal Procedure · Reversed · Declared federal law unconstitutional
West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette
Jun 14, 1943 · Decided 6–3 · First Amendment · Affirmed · Overruled precedent · Struck down state law
Smith v. Allwright
Apr 3, 1944 · Decided 8–1 · Civil Rights · Reversed · Overruled precedent
Landmark means the Court overruled precedent, struck down a federal law, or the case is on a curated landmark list.

Fiscal3 files±0

fiscal/budgetThe federal budget
OMB Historical Tables ↗
Fiscal year 1930 → fiscal year 2025 · inflation-adjusted with the GDP price index
Spending $3.3B
FY1930
Spending $7.01T
FY2025 · +211078% nominal
Revenue $4.1B
FY1930
Revenue $5.24T
FY2025 · +128939% nominal
Surplus / deficit $738M
FY1930
Surplus / deficit −$1.77T
FY2025 · −$1.78T
Spending, % of GDP 3.4%
FY1930
Spending, % of GDP 23.1%
FY2025 · +19.7 pts
A fiscal year still in progress has no actual figures yet, so the latest completed year is shown.
fiscal/debtTotal public debt outstanding
+$40.3TTreasury Fiscal Data ↗
$16.9B
as of Jun 29, 1929
$40.3T
as of Oct 14, 2026
fiscal/economyPrices and jobs
+1848% pricesBureau of Labor Statistics ↗
Prices rose 1848% · a dollar in Aug 1929 bought what $19.48 buys in Sep 2026
Consumer prices 17.3
CPI-U, Aug 1929
Consumer prices 336.9
CPI-U, Sep 2026 · +1848%
Latest monthly reading on or before each date. Prices are the Consumer Price Index for all urban consumers (from 1913); unemployment is the seasonally adjusted rate (from 1948).

Constitution & Union1 file+10

constitution/amendmentsAmendments & statehood
+10National Archives ↗
19 → 27 amendments in force · 48 → 50 states
Amendment XX Terms of office ("Lame Duck" amendment)
ratified Jan 23, 1933 · Moves inauguration to January 20 and the start of Congress to January 3.
Amendment XXI Repeal of Prohibition
ratified Dec 5, 1933 · Repeals the 18th Amendment.
Amendment XXII Presidential term limits
ratified Feb 27, 1951 · Limits a president to two elected terms.
Amendment XXIII Electoral votes for Washington, D.C.
ratified Mar 29, 1961 · Grants the District of Columbia electors in presidential elections.
Amendment XXIV Abolition of poll taxes in federal elections
ratified Jan 23, 1964 · Prohibits poll taxes in federal elections.
Amendment XXV Presidential succession and disability
ratified Feb 10, 1967 · Procedures for presidential succession, vice-presidential vacancies, and incapacity.
Amendment XXVI Voting age lowered to 18
ratified Jul 1, 1971 · Prohibits denying the vote to citizens 18 or older on account of age.
Amendment XXVII Congressional pay changes
ratified May 7, 1992 · Delays congressional pay changes until after the next House election. Proposed in 1789.
Alaska joins the Union
admitted Jan 3, 1959
Hawaii joins the Union
admitted Aug 21, 1959

Reverts1 file−611

revert/undoneWhat was undone
−611Federal Register · Congress.gov · SCDB ↗
335 executive orders revoked or superseded · 40 rules struck down by Congress · 236 Supreme Court precedents overruled
Trump revoked 110 orders: 80 by Biden, 18 by Obama, 6 by themselves, 4 by Clinton, 2 by Bush
Biden revoked 86 orders: 68 by Trump, 9 by Obama, 7 by themselves, 2 by Bush
Bush revoked 56 orders: 31 by Clinton, 25 by themselves
Obama revoked 51 orders: 27 by Bush, 19 by themselves, 5 by Clinton
Clinton revoked 32 orders: 32 by themselves
EO 14110 Safe, Secure, and Trustworthy Development and Use of Artificial Intelligence
signed Oct 30, 2023 by Biden · revoked Jan 20, 2025 by EO 14148 (Trump)
EO 14141 Advancing United States Leadership in Artificial Intelligence Infrastructure
signed Jan 14, 2025 by Biden · revoked Jul 23, 2025 by EO 14318 (Trump)
EO 12958 Classified National Security Information
signed Apr 17, 1995 by Clinton · revoked Dec 29, 2009 by EO 13526 (Obama)
EO 14074 Advancing Effective, Accountable Policing and Criminal Justice Practices To Enhance Public Trust and Public Safety
signed May 25, 2022 by Biden · revoked Jan 20, 2025 by EO 14148 (Trump)
EO 14008 Tackling the Climate Crisis at Home and Abroad
signed Jan 27, 2021 by Biden · revoked Jan 20, 2025 by EO 14148 (Trump)
EO 13693 Planning for Federal Sustainability in the Next Decade
signed Mar 19, 2015 by Obama · revoked May 17, 2018 by EO 13834 (Trump)
EO 14036 Promoting Competition in the American Economy
signed Jul 9, 2021 by Biden · revoked Aug 13, 2025 by EO 14337 (Trump)
EO 13148 Greening the Government Through Leadership in Environmental Management
signed Apr 21, 2000 by Clinton · revoked Jan 24, 2007 by EO 13423 (Bush)
EO 14081 Advancing Biotechnology and Biomanufacturing Innovation for a Sustainable, Safe, and Secure American Bioeconomy
signed Sep 12, 2022 by Biden · revoked Mar 14, 2025 by EO 14236 (Trump)
EO 14035 Diversity, Equity, Inclusion, and Accessibility in the Federal Workforce
signed Jun 25, 2021 by Biden · revoked Jan 20, 2025 by EO 14148 (Trump)
Show 325 more revoked orders
EO 14096 Revitalizing Our Nation's Commitment to Environmental Justice for All
signed Apr 21, 2023 by Biden · revoked Jan 20, 2025 by EO 14148 (Trump)
EO 13123 Greening the Government Through Efficient Energy Management
signed Jun 3, 1999 by Clinton · revoked Jan 24, 2007 by EO 13423 (Bush)
EO 14067 Ensuring Responsible Development of Digital Assets
signed Mar 9, 2022 by Biden · revoked Jan 23, 2025 by EO 14178 (Trump)
EO 13101 Greening the Government Through Waste Prevention, Recycling, and Federal Acquisition
signed Sep 14, 1998 by Clinton · revoked Jan 24, 2007 by EO 13423 (Bush)
EO 14057 Catalyzing Clean Energy Industries and Jobs Through Federal Sustainability
signed Dec 8, 2021 by Biden · revoked Jan 20, 2025 by EO 14148 (Trump)
EO 14091 Further Advancing Racial Equity and Support for Underserved Communities Through the Federal Government
signed Feb 16, 2023 by Biden · revoked Jan 20, 2025 by EO 14148 (Trump)
EO 13192 Lifting and Modifying Measures With Respect to the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro)
signed Jan 17, 2001 by Clinton · revoked May 28, 2003 by EO 13304 (Bush)
EO 13673 Fair Pay and Safe Workplaces
signed Jul 31, 2014 by Obama · revoked Mar 27, 2017 by EO 13782 (Trump)
EO 13807 Establishing Discipline and Accountability in the Environmental Review and Permitting Process for Infrastructure Projects
signed Aug 15, 2017 by Trump · revoked Jan 20, 2021 by EO 13990 (Biden)
EO 13950 Combating Race and Sex Stereotyping
signed Sep 22, 2020 by Trump · revoked Jan 20, 2021 by EO 13985 (Biden)
EO 13989 Ethics Commitments by Executive Branch Personnel
signed Jan 20, 2021 by Biden · revoked Jan 20, 2025 by EO 14148 (Trump)
EO 13990 Protecting Public Health and the Environment and Restoring Science To Tackle the Climate Crisis
signed Jan 20, 2021 by Biden · revoked Jan 20, 2025 by EO 14148 (Trump)
EO 14031 Advancing Equity, Justice, and Opportunity for Asian Americans, Native Hawaiians, and Pacific Islanders
signed May 28, 2021 by Biden · revoked Jan 20, 2025 by EO 14148 (Trump)
EO 14045 White House Initiative on Advancing Educational Equity, Excellence, and Economic Opportunity for Hispanics
signed Sep 13, 2021 by Biden · revoked Jan 20, 2025 by EO 14148 (Trump)
EO 14050 White House Initiative on Advancing Educational Equity, Excellence, and Economic Opportunity for Black Americans
signed Oct 19, 2021 by Biden · revoked Jan 20, 2025 by EO 14148 (Trump)
EO 14075 Advancing Equality for Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer, and Intersex Individuals
signed Jun 15, 2022 by Biden · revoked Jan 20, 2025 by EO 14148 (Trump)
EO 13011 Federal Information Technology
signed Jul 16, 1996 by Clinton · revoked May 12, 2006 by EO 13403 (Bush)
EO 13490 Ethics Commitments by Executive Branch Personnel
signed Jan 21, 2009 by Obama · revoked Jan 28, 2017 by EO 13770 (Trump)
EO 13653 Preparing the United States for the Impacts of Climate Change
signed Nov 1, 2013 by Obama · revoked Mar 28, 2017 by EO 13783 (Trump)
EO 13754 Northern Bering Sea Climate Resilience
signed Dec 9, 2016 by Obama · revoked Apr 28, 2017 by EO 13795 (Trump)
EO 13927 Accelerating the Nation's Economic Recovery From the COVID-19 Emergency by Expediting Infrastructure Investments and Other Activities
signed Jun 4, 2020 by Trump · revoked Jan 20, 2021 by EO 13990 (Biden)
EO 13836 Developing Efficient, Effective, and Cost- Reducing Approaches To Federal Sector Collective Bargaining
signed May 25, 2018 by Trump · revoked Jan 22, 2021 by EO 14003 (Biden)
EO 13837 Ensuring Transparency, Accountability, and Efficiency in Taxpayer-Funded Union Time Use
signed May 25, 2018 by Trump · revoked Jan 22, 2021 by EO 14003 (Biden)
EO 13967 Promoting Beautiful Federal Civic Architecture
signed Dec 18, 2020 by Trump · revoked Feb 24, 2021 by EO 14018 (Biden)
EO 13621 White House Initiative on Educational Excellence for African Americans
signed Jul 26, 2012 by Obama · revoked Oct 19, 2021 by EO 14050 (Biden)
EO 14013 Rebuilding and Enhancing Programs To Resettle Refugees and Planning for the Impact of Climate Change on Migration
signed Feb 4, 2021 by Biden · revoked Jan 20, 2025 by EO 14148 (Trump)
EO 14049 White House Initiative on Advancing Educational Equity, Excellence, and Economic Opportunity for Native Americans and Strengthening Tribal Colleges and Universities
signed Oct 11, 2021 by Biden · revoked Jan 20, 2025 by EO 14148 (Trump)
EO 14119 Scaling and Expanding the Use of Registered Apprenticeships in Industries and the Federal Government and Promoting Labor-Management Forums
signed Mar 6, 2024 by Biden · revoked Mar 14, 2025 by EO 14236 (Trump)
EO 14126 Investing in America and Investing in American Workers
signed Sep 6, 2024 by Biden · revoked Mar 14, 2025 by EO 14236 (Trump)
EO 13508 Chesapeake Bay Protection and Restoration
signed May 12, 2009 by Obama · revoked Sep 16, 2026 by EO 14428 (Trump)
EO 13149 Greening the Government Through Federal Fleet and Transportation Efficiency
signed Apr 21, 2000 by Clinton · revoked Jan 24, 2007 by EO 13423 (Bush)
EO 13233 Further Implementation of the Presidential Records Act
signed Nov 1, 2001 by Bush · revoked Jan 21, 2009 by EO 13489 (Obama)
EO 13423 Strengthening Federal Environmental, Energy, and Transportation Management
signed Jan 24, 2007 by Bush · revoked Mar 25, 2015 by EO 13693 (Obama)
EO 13768 Enhancing Public Safety in the Interior of the United States
signed Jan 25, 2017 by Trump · revoked Jan 20, 2021 by EO 13993 (Biden)
EO 13783 Promoting Energy Independence and Economic Growth
signed Mar 28, 2017 by Trump · revoked Jan 20, 2021 by EO 13990 (Biden)
EO 13868 Promoting Energy Infrastructure and Economic Growth
signed Apr 10, 2019 by Trump · revoked Jan 20, 2021 by EO 13990 (Biden)
EO 13880 Collecting Information About Citizenship Status in Connection With the Decennial Census
signed Jul 11, 2019 by Trump · revoked Jan 20, 2021 by EO 13986 (Biden)
EO 13892 Promoting the Rule of Law Through Transparency and Fairness in Civil Administrative Enforcement and Adjudication
signed Oct 9, 2019 by Trump · revoked Jan 20, 2021 by EO 13992 (Biden)
EO 13839 Promoting Accountability and Streamlining Removal Procedures Consistent With Merit System Principles
signed May 25, 2018 by Trump · revoked Jan 22, 2021 by EO 14003 (Biden)
EO 13957 Creating Schedule F in the Excepted Service
signed Oct 21, 2020 by Trump · revoked Jan 22, 2021 by EO 14003 (Biden)
EO 13767 Border Security and Immigration Enforcement Improvements
signed Jan 25, 2017 by Trump · revoked Feb 2, 2021 by EO 14010 (Biden)
EO 13845 Establishing the President's National Council for the American Worker
signed Jul 19, 2018 by Trump · revoked Apr 26, 2021 by EO 14025 (Biden)
EO 13925 Preventing Online Censorship
signed May 28, 2020 by Trump · revoked May 14, 2021 by EO 14029 (Biden)
EO 13872 Economic Empowerment of Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders
signed May 13, 2019 by Trump · revoked May 28, 2021 by EO 14031 (Biden)
EO 13985 Advancing Racial Equity and Support for Underserved Communities Through the Federal Government
signed Jan 20, 2021 by Biden · revoked Jan 20, 2025 by EO 14148 (Trump)
EO 14010 Creating a Comprehensive Regional Framework To Address the Causes of Migration, To Manage Migration Throughout North and Central America, and To Provide Safe and Orderly Processing of Asylum Seekers at the United States Border
signed Feb 2, 2021 by Biden · revoked Jan 20, 2025 by EO 14148 (Trump)
EO 14019 Promoting Access to Voting
signed Mar 7, 2021 by Biden · revoked Jan 20, 2025 by EO 14148 (Trump)
EO 14020 Establishment of the White House Gender Policy Council
signed Mar 8, 2021 by Biden · revoked Jan 20, 2025 by EO 14148 (Trump)
EO 14030 Climate-Related Financial Risk
signed May 20, 2021 by Biden · revoked Jan 20, 2025 by EO 14148 (Trump)
EO 14055 Nondisplacement of Qualified Workers Under Service Contracts
signed Nov 18, 2021 by Biden · revoked Jan 20, 2025 by EO 14148 (Trump)
EO 14072 Strengthening the Nation's Forests, Communities, and Local Economies
signed Apr 22, 2022 by Biden · revoked Jan 20, 2025 by EO 14154 (Trump)
EO 14124 White House Initiative on Advancing Educational Equity, Excellence, and Economic Opportunity Through Hispanic-Serving Institutions
signed Jul 17, 2024 by Biden · revoked Jan 20, 2025 by EO 14148 (Trump)
EO 12898 Federal Actions To Address Environmental Justice in Minority Populations and Low-Income Populations
signed Feb 11, 1994 by Clinton · revoked Jan 21, 2025 by EO 14173 (Trump)
EO 14112 Reforming Federal Funding and Support for Tribal Nations To Better Embrace Our Trust Responsibilities and Promote the Next Era of Tribal Self-Determination
signed Dec 6, 2023 by Biden · revoked Mar 14, 2025 by EO 14236 (Trump)
EO 14041 White House Initiative on Advancing Educational Equity, Excellence, and Economic Opportunity Through Historically Black Colleges and Universities
signed Sep 3, 2021 by Biden · revoked Apr 23, 2025 by EO 14283 (Trump)
EO 13134 Developing and Promoting Biobased Products and Bioenergy
signed Aug 12, 1999 by Clinton · revoked Sep 28, 2001 by EO 13225 (Bush)
EO 13021 Tribal Colleges and Universities
signed Oct 19, 1996 by Clinton · revoked Jul 3, 2002 by EO 13270 (Bush)
EO 13096 American Indian and Alaska Native Education
signed Aug 6, 1998 by Clinton · revoked Apr 30, 2004 by EO 13336 (Bush)
EO 13201 Notification of Employee Rights Concerning Payment of Union Dues or Fees
signed Feb 17, 2001 by Bush · revoked Jan 30, 2009 by EO 13496 (Obama)
EO 13532 Promoting Excellence, Innovation, and Sustainability at Historically Black Colleges and Universities
signed Feb 26, 2010 by Obama · revoked Feb 28, 2017 by EO 13779 (Trump)
EO 13690 Establishing a Federal Flood Risk Management Standard and a Process for Further Soliciting and Considering Stakeholder Input
signed Jan 30, 2015 by Obama · revoked Aug 15, 2017 by EO 13807 (Trump)
EO 13522 Creating Labor-Management Forums to Improve Delivery of Government Services
signed Dec 9, 2009 by Obama · revoked Sep 29, 2017 by EO 13812 (Trump)
EO 13958 Establishing the President's Advisory 1776 Commission
signed Nov 2, 2020 by Trump · revoked Jan 1, 2021 by EO 13985 (Biden)
EO 13795 Implementing an America-First Offshore Energy Strategy
signed Apr 28, 2017 by Trump · revoked Jan 20, 2021 by EO 13990 (Biden)
EO 13891 Promoting the Rule of Law Through Improved Agency Guidance Documents
signed Oct 9, 2019 by Trump · revoked Jan 20, 2021 by EO 13992 (Biden)
EO 13815 Resuming the United States Refugee Admissions Program With Enhanced Vetting Capabilities
signed Oct 24, 2017 by Trump · revoked Feb 4, 2021 by EO 14013 (Biden)
EO 13801 Expanding Apprenticeships in America
signed Jun 15, 2017 by Trump · revoked Feb 17, 2021 by EO 14016 (Biden)
EO 13828 Reducing Poverty in America by Promoting Opportunity and Economic Mobility
signed Apr 10, 2018 by Trump · revoked Feb 24, 2021 by EO 14018 (Biden)
EO 13924 Regulatory Relief To Support Economic Recovery
signed May 19, 2020 by Trump · revoked Feb 24, 2021 by EO 14018 (Biden)
EO 13658 Establishing a Minimum Wage for Contractors
signed Feb 12, 2014 by Obama · revoked Apr 27, 2021 by EO 14026 (Biden)
EO 13933 Protecting American Monuments, Memorials, and Statues and Combating Recent Criminal Violence
signed Jun 26, 2020 by Trump · revoked May 14, 2021 by EO 14029 (Biden)
EO 13978 Building the National Garden of American Heroes
signed Jan 18, 2021 by Trump · revoked May 14, 2021 by EO 14029 (Biden)
EO 13980 Protecting Americans From Overcriminalization Through Regulatory Reform
signed Jan 18, 2021 by Trump · revoked May 14, 2021 by EO 14029 (Biden)
EO 13515 Increasing Participation of Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders in Federal Programs
signed Oct 14, 2009 by Obama · revoked May 28, 2021 by EO 14031 (Biden)
EO 13935 White House Hispanic Prosperity Initiative
signed Jul 9, 2020 by Trump · revoked Sep 13, 2021 by EO 14045 (Biden)
EO 13803 Reviving the National Space Council
signed Jun 30, 2017 by Trump · revoked Dec 1, 2021 by EO 14056 (Biden)
EO 13929 Safe Policing for Safe Communities
signed Jun 16, 2020 by Trump · revoked May 25, 2022 by EO 14074 (Biden)
EO 13853 Establishing the White House Opportunity and Revitalization Council
signed Dec 12, 2018 by Trump · revoked Feb 16, 2023 by EO 14091 (Biden)
EO 13995 Ensuring an Equitable Pandemic Response and Recovery
signed Jan 21, 2021 by Biden · revoked Jan 20, 2025 by EO 14148 (Trump)
EO 14000 Supporting the Reopening and Continuing Operation of Schools and Early Childhood Education Providers
signed Jan 21, 2021 by Biden · revoked Jan 20, 2025 by EO 14148 (Trump)
EO 14012 Restoring Faith in Our Legal Immigration Systems and Strengthening Integration and Inclusion Efforts for New Americans
signed Feb 2, 2021 by Biden · revoked Jan 20, 2025 by EO 14148 (Trump)
EO 14082 Implementation of the Energy and Infrastructure Provisions of the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022
signed Sep 12, 2022 by Biden · revoked Jan 20, 2025 by EO 14148 (Trump)
EO 14084 Promoting the Arts, the Humanities, and Museum and Library Services
signed Sep 30, 2022 by Biden · revoked Jan 20, 2025 by EO 14148 (Trump)
EO 14115 Imposing Certain Sanctions on Persons Undermining Peace, Security, and Stability in the West Bank
signed Feb 1, 2024 by Biden · revoked Jan 20, 2025 by EO 14148 (Trump)
EO 14026 Increasing the Minimum Wage for Federal Contractors
signed Apr 27, 2021 by Biden · revoked Mar 14, 2025 by EO 14236 (Trump)
EO 14056 The National Space Council
signed Dec 1, 2021 by Biden · revoked Dec 18, 2025 by EO 14369 (Trump)
EO 12900 Educational Excellence for Hispanic Americans
signed Feb 22, 1994 by Clinton · revoked Oct 12, 2001 by EO 13230 (Bush)
EO 12975 Protection of Human Research Subjects and Creation of National Bioethics Advisory Commission
signed Oct 3, 1995 by Clinton · revoked Sep 17, 2003 by EO 13316 (Bush)
EO 13440 Interpretation of the Geneva Conventions Common Article 3 as Applied to a Program of Detention and Interrogation Operated by the Central Intelligence Agency
signed Jul 20, 2007 by Bush · revoked Jan 22, 2009 by EO 13491 (Obama)
EO 13435 Expanding Approved Stem Cell Lines in Ethically Responsible Ways
signed Jun 20, 2007 by Bush · revoked Mar 9, 2009 by EO 13505 (Obama)
EO 13125 Increasing Participation of Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders in Federal Programs
signed Jun 7, 1999 by Clinton · revoked Oct 14, 2009 by EO 13515 (Obama)
EO 13339 Increasing Economic Opportunity and Business Participation of Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders
signed May 13, 2004 by Bush · revoked Oct 14, 2009 by EO 13515 (Obama)
EO 13237 Creation of the President's Council on Bioethics
signed Nov 28, 2001 by Bush · revoked Nov 24, 2009 by EO 13521 (Obama)
EO 13256 President's Board of Advisors on Historically Black Colleges and Universities
signed Feb 12, 2002 by Bush · revoked Feb 26, 2010 by EO 13532 (Obama)
EO 13366 Committee on Ocean Policy
signed Dec 17, 2004 by Bush · revoked Jul 19, 2010 by EO 13547 (Obama)
EO 13575 Establishment of the White House Rural Council
signed Jun 9, 2011 by Obama · revoked Apr 25, 2017 by EO 13790 (Trump)
EO 13688 Federal Support for Local Law Enforcement Equipment Acquisition
signed Jan 16, 2015 by Obama · revoked Aug 28, 2017 by EO 13809 (Trump)
EO 12993 Administrative Allegations Against Inspectors General
signed Mar 21, 1996 by Clinton · revoked Sep 29, 2017 by EO 13811 (Trump)
EO 13545 President's Council on Fitness, Sports, and Nutrition
signed Jun 22, 2010 by Obama · revoked Feb 26, 2018 by EO 13824 (Trump)
EO 13337 Issuance of Permits With Respect to Certain Energy-Related Facilities and Land Transportation Crossings on the International Boundaries of the United States
signed Apr 30, 2004 by Bush · revoked Apr 10, 2019 by EO 13867 (Trump)
EO 13771 Reducing Regulation and Controlling Regulatory Costs
signed Jan 30, 2017 by Trump · revoked Jan 20, 2021 by EO 13992 (Biden)
EO 13777 Enforcing the Regulatory Reform Agenda
signed Feb 24, 2017 by Trump · revoked Jan 20, 2021 by EO 13992 (Biden)
EO 13792 Review of Designations Under the Antiquities Act
signed Apr 26, 2017 by Trump · revoked Jan 20, 2021 by EO 13990 (Biden)
EO 13875 Evaluating and Improving the Utility of Federal Advisory Committees
signed Jun 14, 2019 by Trump · revoked Jan 20, 2021 by EO 13992 (Biden)
EO 13788 Buy American and Hire American
signed Apr 18, 2017 by Trump · revoked Jan 25, 2021 by EO 14005 (Biden)
EO 13858 Strengthening Buy-American Preferences for Infrastructure Projects
signed Jan 31, 2019 by Trump · revoked Jan 25, 2021 by EO 14006 (Biden)
EO 13881 Maximizing Use of American-Made Goods, Products, and Materials
signed Jul 15, 2019 by Trump · revoked Jan 25, 2021 by EO 14005 (Biden)
EO 13895 President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology
signed Oct 22, 2019 by Trump · revoked Jan 27, 2021 by EO 14007 (Biden)
EO 13813 Promoting Healthcare Choice and Competition Across the United States
signed Oct 12, 2017 by Trump · revoked Jan 28, 2021 by EO 14009 (Biden)
EO 13831 Establishment of a White House Faith and Opportunity Initiative
signed May 3, 2018 by Trump · revoked Feb 14, 2021 by EO 14015 (Biden)
EO 13979 Ensuring Democratic Accountability in Agency Rulemaking
signed Jan 18, 2021 by Trump · revoked Feb 24, 2021 by EO 14018 (Biden)
EO 13964 Rebranding United States Foreign Assistance To Advance American Influence
signed Dec 10, 2020 by Trump · revoked May 14, 2021 by EO 14029 (Biden)
EO 13942 Addressing the Threat Posed by TikTok, and Taking Additional Steps To Address the National Emergency With Respect to the Information and Communications Technology and Services Supply Chain
signed Aug 6, 2020 by Trump · revoked Jun 9, 2021 by EO 14034 (Biden)
EO 13943 Addressing the Threat Posed by WeChat, and Taking Additional Steps To Address the National Emergency With Respect to the Information and Communications Technology and Services Supply Chain
signed Aug 6, 2020 by Trump · revoked Jun 9, 2021 by EO 14034 (Biden)
EO 13971 Addressing the Threat Posed by Applications and Other Software Developed or Controlled by Chinese Companies
signed Jan 5, 2021 by Trump · revoked Jun 9, 2021 by EO 14034 (Biden)
EO 13502 Use of Project Labor Agreements for Federal Construction Projects
signed Feb 6, 2009 by Obama · revoked Feb 4, 2022 by EO 14063 (Biden)
EO 13986 Ensuring a Lawful and Accurate Enumeration and Apportionment Pursuant to the Decennial Census
signed Jan 20, 2021 by Biden · revoked Jan 20, 2025 by EO 14148 (Trump)
EO 13987 Organizing and Mobilizing the United States Government To Provide a Unified and Effective Response To Combat COVID-19 and To Provide United States Leadership on Global Health and Security
signed Jan 20, 2021 by Biden · revoked Jan 20, 2025 by EO 14148 (Trump)
EO 13988 Preventing and Combating Discrimination on the Basis of Gender Identity or Sexual Orientation
signed Jan 20, 2021 by Biden · revoked Jan 20, 2025 by EO 14148 (Trump)
EO 13996 Establishing the COVID-19 Pandemic Testing Board and Ensuring a Sustainable Public Health Workforce for COVID-19 and Other Biological Threats
signed Jan 21, 2021 by Biden · revoked Jan 20, 2025 by EO 14148 (Trump)
EO 13997 Improving and Expanding Access to Care and Treatments for COVID-19
signed Jan 21, 2021 by Biden · revoked Jan 20, 2025 by EO 14148 (Trump)
EO 13999 Protecting Worker Health and Safety
signed Jan 21, 2021 by Biden · revoked Jan 20, 2025 by EO 14148 (Trump)
EO 14003 Protecting the Federal Workforce
signed Jan 22, 2021 by Biden · revoked Jan 20, 2025 by EO 14148 (Trump)
EO 14004 Enabling All Qualified Americans To Serve Their Country in Uniform
signed Jan 25, 2021 by Biden · revoked Jan 20, 2025 by EO 14148 (Trump)
EO 14007 President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology
signed Jan 27, 2021 by Biden · revoked Jan 20, 2025 by EO 14148 (Trump)
EO 14009 Strengthening Medicaid and the Affordable Care Act
signed Jan 28, 2021 by Biden · revoked Jan 20, 2025 by EO 14148 (Trump)
EO 14011 Establishment of Interagency Task Force on the Reunification of Families
signed Feb 2, 2021 by Biden · revoked Jan 20, 2025 by EO 14148 (Trump)
EO 14015 Establishment of the White House Office of Faith- Based and Neighborhood Partnerships
signed Feb 14, 2021 by Biden · revoked Jan 20, 2025 by EO 14148 (Trump)
EO 14037 Strengthening American Leadership in Clean Cars and Trucks
signed Aug 5, 2021 by Biden · revoked Jan 20, 2025 by EO 14148 (Trump)
EO 14070 Continuing To Strengthen Americans' Access to Affordable, Quality Health Coverage
signed Apr 5, 2022 by Biden · revoked Jan 20, 2025 by EO 14148 (Trump)
EO 14089 Establishing the President's Advisory Council on African Diaspora Engagement in the United States
signed Dec 13, 2022 by Biden · revoked Jan 20, 2025 by EO 14148 (Trump)
EO 14094 Modernizing Regulatory Review
signed Apr 6, 2023 by Biden · revoked Jan 20, 2025 by EO 14148 (Trump)
EO 14143 Providing for the Appointment of Alumni of AmeriCorps to the Competitive Service
signed Jan 16, 2025 by Biden · revoked Jan 20, 2025 by EO 14148 (Trump)
EO 13583 Establishing a Coordinated Government-Wide Initiative to Promote Diversity and Inclusion in the Federal Workforce
signed Aug 18, 2011 by Obama · revoked Jan 21, 2025 by EO 14173 (Trump)
EO 14076 Protecting Access to Reproductive Healthcare Services
signed Jul 8, 2022 by Biden · revoked Jan 24, 2025 by EO 14182 (Trump)
EO 14079 Securing Access to Reproductive and Other Healthcare Services
signed Aug 3, 2022 by Biden · revoked Jan 24, 2025 by EO 14182 (Trump)
EO 13994 Ensuring a Data-Driven Response to COVID-19 and Future High-Consequence Public Health Threats
signed Jan 21, 2021 by Biden · revoked Mar 14, 2025 by EO 14236 (Trump)
EO 13174 Commission on Workers, Communities, and Economic Change in the New Economy
signed Oct 27, 2000 by Clinton · revoked Jun 20, 2001 by EO 13218 (Bush)
EO 13075 Special Oversight Board for Department of Defense Investigations of Gulf War Chemical and Biological Incidents
signed Feb 19, 1998 by Clinton · revoked Sep 28, 2001 by EO 13225 (Bush)
EO 13080 American Heritage Rivers Initiative Advisory Committee
signed Apr 7, 1998 by Clinton · revoked Sep 28, 2001 by EO 13225 (Bush)
EO 13090 President's Commission on the Celebration of Women in American History
signed Jun 29, 1998 by Clinton · revoked Sep 28, 2001 by EO 13225 (Bush)
EO 13168 President's Commission on Improving Economic Opportunity in Communities Dependent on Tobacco Production While Protecting Public Health
signed Sep 22, 2000 by Clinton · revoked Sep 28, 2001 by EO 13225 (Bush)
EO 13130 National Infrastructure Assurance Council
signed Jul 14, 1999 by Clinton · revoked Oct 16, 2001 by EO 13231 (Bush)
EO 13147 White House Commission on Complementary and Alternative Medicine Policy
signed Mar 7, 2000 by Clinton · revoked Sep 17, 2003 by EO 13316 (Bush)
EO 13194 Prohibiting the Importation of Rough Diamonds From Sierra Leone
signed Jan 18, 2001 by Clinton · revoked Jan 15, 2004 by EO 13324 (Bush)
EO 13000 Order of Succession of Officers To Act as Secretary of Defense
signed Apr 24, 1996 by Clinton · revoked Dec 22, 2005 by EO 13394 (Bush)
EO 13176 Facilitation of a Presidential Transition
signed Nov 27, 2000 by Clinton · revoked Oct 9, 2008 by EO 13476 (Bush)
EO 13258 Amending Executive Order 12866 on Regulatory Planning and Review
signed Feb 26, 2002 by Bush · revoked Jan 30, 2009 by EO 13497 (Obama)
EO 13202 Preservation of Open Competition and Government Neutrality Towards Government Contractors'Labor Relations on Federal and Federally Funded Construction Projects
signed Feb 17, 2001 by Bush · revoked Feb 6, 2009 by EO 13502 (Obama)
EO 13394 Providing an Order of Succession Within the Department of Defense
signed Dec 22, 2005 by Bush · revoked Mar 1, 2010 by EO 13533 (Obama)
EO 13299 Interagency Group on Insular Areas
signed May 12, 2003 by Bush · revoked Apr 14, 2010 by EO 13537 (Obama)
EO 13226 President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology
signed Sep 30, 2001 by Bush · revoked Apr 21, 2010 by EO 13539 (Obama)
EO 13241 Providing an Order of Succession Within the Department of Agriculture
signed Dec 18, 2001 by Bush · revoked May 13, 2010 by EO 13542 (Obama)
EO 13481 Providing An Order of Succession Within the Department of Justice
signed Dec 9, 2008 by Bush · revoked Nov 4, 2010 by EO 13557 (Obama)
EO 13162 Federal Career Intern Program
signed Jul 6, 2000 by Clinton · revoked Dec 27, 2010 by EO 13562 (Obama)
EO 13318 Presidential Management Fellows Program
signed Nov 21, 2003 by Bush · revoked Dec 27, 2010 by EO 13562 (Obama)
EO 12941 Seismic Safety of Existing Federally Owned or Leased Buildings
signed Dec 1, 1994 by Clinton · revoked Feb 2, 2016 by EO 13717 (Obama)
EO 13047 Prohibiting New Investment in Burma
signed May 20, 1997 by Clinton · revoked Oct 7, 2016 by EO 13742 (Obama)
EO 13762 Providing an Order of Succession Within the Department of Justice
signed Jan 13, 2017 by Obama · revoked Feb 9, 2017 by EO 13775 (Trump)
EO 13533 Providing an Order of Succession Within the Department of Defense
signed Mar 1, 2010 by Obama · revoked Dec 10, 2020 by EO 13963 (Trump)
EO 13766 Expediting Environmental Reviews and Approvals for High Priority Infrastructure Projects
signed Jan 24, 2017 by Trump · revoked Jan 20, 2021 by EO 13990 (Biden)
EO 13778 Restoring the Rule of Law, Federalism, and Economic Growth by Reviewing the "Waters of the United States" Rule
signed Feb 28, 2017 by Trump · revoked Jan 20, 2021 by EO 13990 (Biden)
EO 13893 Increasing Government Accountability for Administrative Actions by Reinvigorating Administrative PAYGO
signed Oct 10, 2019 by Trump · revoked Jan 20, 2021 by EO 13992 (Biden)
EO 13975 Encouraging Buy American Policies for the United States Postal Service
signed Jan 14, 2021 by Trump · revoked Jan 25, 2021 by EO 14006 (Biden)
EO 13765 Minimizing the Economic Burden of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act Pending Repeal
signed Jan 20, 2017 by Trump · revoked Jan 28, 2021 by EO 14009 (Biden)
EO 13841 Affording Congress an Opportunity To Address Family Separation
signed Jun 20, 2018 by Trump · revoked Feb 2, 2021 by EO 14011 (Biden)
EO 13888 Enhancing State and Local Involvement in Refugee Resettlement
signed Sep 26, 2019 by Trump · revoked Feb 4, 2021 by EO 14013 (Biden)
EO 13772 Core Principles for Regulating the United States Financial System
signed Feb 3, 2017 by Trump · revoked Feb 24, 2021 by EO 14018 (Biden)
EO 13838 Exemption From Executive Order 13658 for Recreational Services on Federal Lands
signed May 25, 2018 by Trump · revoked Apr 27, 2021 by EO 14026 (Biden)
EO 13974 Amending Executive Order 13959Addressing the Threat From Securities Investments That Finance Communist Chinese Military Companies
signed Jan 13, 2021 by Trump · revoked Jun 3, 2021 by EO 14032 (Biden)
EO 13897 Improving Federal Contractor Operations by Revoking Executive Order 13495
signed Oct 31, 2019 by Trump · revoked Nov 18, 2021 by EO 14055 (Biden)
EO 13906 Amending Executive Order 13803Reviving the National Space Council
signed Feb 13, 2020 by Trump · revoked Dec 1, 2021 by EO 14056 (Biden)
EO 13885 Establishing the National Quantum Initiative Advisory Committee
signed Aug 30, 2019 by Trump · revoked May 4, 2022 by EO 14073 (Biden)
EO 13809 Restoring State, Tribal, and Local Law Enforcement's Access to Life-Saving Equipment and Resources
signed Aug 28, 2017 by Trump · revoked May 25, 2022 by EO 14074 (Biden)
EO 13946 Targeting Opportunity Zones and Other Distressed Communities for Federal Site Locations
signed Aug 24, 2020 by Trump · revoked Feb 16, 2023 by EO 14091 (Biden)
EO 13812 Revocation of Executive Order Creating Labor- Management Forums
signed Sep 29, 2017 by Trump · revoked Mar 6, 2024 by EO 14119 (Biden)
EO 13910 Preventing Hoarding of Health and Medical Resources To Respond to the Spread of COVID-19
signed Mar 23, 2020 by Trump · revoked Apr 12, 2024 by EO 14122 (Biden)
EO 13612 Providing an Order of Succession Within the Department of Agriculture
signed May 21, 2012 by Obama · revoked Jan 3, 2025 by EO 14134 (Biden)
EO 13615 Providing an Order of Succession Within the Office of Management and Budget
signed May 21, 2012 by Obama · revoked Jan 3, 2025 by EO 14138 (Biden)
EO 13735 Providing an Order of Succession Within the Department of the Treasury
signed Aug 12, 2016 by Obama · revoked Jan 3, 2025 by EO 14137 (Biden)
EO 13753 Amending the Order of Succession in the Department of Homeland Security
signed Dec 9, 2016 by Obama · revoked Jan 3, 2025 by EO 14135 (Biden)
EO 13787 Providing an Order of Succession Within the Department of Justice
signed Mar 31, 2017 by Trump · revoked Jan 3, 2025 by EO 14136 (Biden)
EO 13992 Revocation of Certain Executive Orders Concerning Federal Regulation
signed Jan 20, 2021 by Biden · revoked Jan 20, 2025 by EO 14148 (Trump)
EO 13993 Revision of Civil Immigration Enforcement Policies and Priorities
signed Jan 20, 2021 by Biden · revoked Jan 20, 2025 by EO 14148 (Trump)
EO 14002 Economic Relief Related to the COVID-19 Pandemic
signed Jan 22, 2021 by Biden · revoked Jan 20, 2025 by EO 14148 (Trump)
EO 14006 Reforming Our Incarceration System To Eliminate the Use of Privately Operated Criminal Detention Facilities
signed Jan 26, 2021 by Biden · revoked Jan 20, 2025 by EO 14148 (Trump)
EO 14018 Revocation of Certain Presidential Actions
signed Feb 24, 2021 by Biden · revoked Jan 20, 2025 by EO 14148 (Trump)
EO 14021 Guaranteeing an Educational Environment Free From Discrimination on the Basis of Sex, Including Sexual Orientation or Gender Identity
signed Mar 8, 2021 by Biden · revoked Jan 20, 2025 by EO 14148 (Trump)
EO 14023 Establishment of the Presidential Commission on the Supreme Court of the United States
signed Apr 9, 2021 by Biden · revoked Jan 20, 2025 by EO 14148 (Trump)
EO 14027 Establishment of the Climate Change Support Office
signed May 7, 2021 by Biden · revoked Jan 20, 2025 by EO 14148 (Trump)
EO 14052 Implementation of the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act
signed Nov 15, 2021 by Biden · revoked Jan 20, 2025 by EO 14148 (Trump)
EO 14069 Advancing Economy, Efficiency, and Effectiveness in Federal Contracting by Promoting Pay Equity and Transparency
signed Mar 15, 2022 by Biden · revoked Jan 20, 2025 by EO 14148 (Trump)
EO 14087 Lowering Prescription Drug Costs for Americans
signed Oct 14, 2022 by Biden · revoked Jan 20, 2025 by EO 14148 (Trump)
EO 14099 Moving Beyond COVID-19 Vaccination Requirements for Federal Workers
signed May 9, 2023 by Biden · revoked Jan 20, 2025 by EO 14148 (Trump)
EO 14134 Providing an Order of Succession Within the Department of Agriculture
signed Jan 3, 2025 by Biden · revoked Jan 20, 2025 by EO 14148 (Trump)
EO 14135 Providing an Order of Succession Within the Department of Homeland Security
signed Jan 3, 2025 by Biden · revoked Jan 20, 2025 by EO 14148 (Trump)
EO 14136 Providing an Order of Succession Within the Department of Justice
signed Jan 3, 2025 by Biden · revoked Jan 20, 2025 by EO 14148 (Trump)
EO 14137 Providing an Order of Succession Within the Department of the Treasury
signed Jan 3, 2025 by Biden · revoked Jan 20, 2025 by EO 14148 (Trump)
EO 14138 Providing an Order of Succession Within the Office of Management and Budget
signed Jan 3, 2025 by Biden · revoked Jan 20, 2025 by EO 14148 (Trump)
EO 14139 Providing an Order of Succession Within the Office of the National Cyber Director
signed Jan 3, 2025 by Biden · revoked Jan 20, 2025 by EO 14148 (Trump)
EO 13166 Improving Access to Services for Persons With Limited English Proficiency
signed Aug 11, 2000 by Clinton · revoked Mar 1, 2025 by EO 14224 (Trump)
EO 13006 Locating Federal Facilities on Historic Properties in Our Nation's Central Cities
signed May 21, 1996 by Clinton · revoked Apr 15, 2025 by EO 14274 (Trump)
EO 12907 Amending Executive Order No. 12882
signed Apr 14, 1994 by Clinton · revoked Sep 30, 2001 by EO 13226 (Bush)
EO 13204 Revocation of Executive Order on Nondisplacement of Qualified Workers Under Certain Contracts
signed Feb 17, 2001 by Bush · revoked Jan 30, 2009 by EO 13495 (Obama)
EO 13931 Continuing the President's National Council for the American Worker and the American Workforce Policy Advisory Board
signed Jun 26, 2020 by Trump · revoked Apr 26, 2021 by EO 14025 (Biden)
EO 14044 Amending Executive Order 14007
signed Sep 13, 2021 by Biden · revoked Jan 20, 2025 by EO 14148 (Trump)
EO 13292 Further Amendment to Executive Order 12958, as Amended, Classified National Security Information
signed Mar 25, 2003 by Bush · revoked Dec 29, 2009 by EO 13526 (Obama)
EO 13970 Adjustments of Certain Rates of Pay
signed Dec 31, 2020 by Trump · revoked Dec 22, 2021 by EO 14061 (Biden)
EO 13483 Adjustments of Certain Rates of Pay
signed Dec 18, 2008 by Bush · revoked Dec 23, 2009 by EO 13525 (Obama)
EO 13756 Adjustments of Certain Rates of Pay
signed Dec 27, 2016 by Obama · revoked Dec 22, 2017 by EO 13819 (Trump)
EO 13182 Adjustments of Certain Rates of Pay
signed Dec 23, 2000 by Clinton · revoked Dec 28, 2001 by EO 13249 (Bush)
EO 13391 Blocking Property of Additional Persons Undermining Democratic Processes or Institutions in Zimbabwe
signed Nov 22, 2005 by Bush · revoked Mar 4, 2024 by EO 14118 (Biden)
EO 13348 Blocking Property of Certain Persons and Prohibiting the Importation of Certain Goods from Liberia
signed Jul 22, 2004 by Bush · revoked Nov 12, 2015 by EO 13710 (Obama)
EO 13396 Blocking Property of Certain Persons Contributing to the Conflict in Côte d'Ivoire
signed Feb 7, 2006 by Bush · revoked Sep 14, 2016 by EO 13739 (Obama)
EO 13310 Blocking Property of the Government of Burma and Prohibiting Certain Transactions
signed Jul 28, 2003 by Bush · revoked Oct 7, 2016 by EO 13742 (Obama)
EO 13448 Blocking Property and Prohibiting Certain Transactions Related to Burma
signed Oct 18, 2007 by Bush · revoked Oct 7, 2016 by EO 13742 (Obama)
EO 13928 Blocking Property of Certain Persons Associated With the International Criminal Court
signed Jun 11, 2020 by Trump · revoked Apr 1, 2021 by EO 14022 (Biden)
EO 13712 Blocking Property of Certain Persons Contributing to the Situation in Burundi
signed Nov 22, 2015 by Obama · revoked Nov 18, 2021 by EO 14054 (Biden)
EO 13338 Blocking Property of Certain Persons and Prohibiting the Export of Certain Goods to Syria
signed May 11, 2004 by Bush · revoked Jun 30, 2025 by EO 14312 (Trump)
EO 13138 Continuance of Certain Federal Advisory Committees
signed Sep 30, 1999 by Clinton · revoked Sep 28, 2001 by EO 13225 (Bush)
EO 13088 Blocking Property of the Governments of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro), the Republic of Serbia, and the Republic of Montenegro, and Prohibiting New Investment in the Republic of Serbia in Response to the Situation in Kosovo
signed Jun 9, 1998 by Clinton · revoked May 28, 2003 by EO 13304 (Bush)
EO 13422 Further Amendment to Executive Order 12866 on Regulatory Planning and Review
signed Jan 18, 2007 by Bush · revoked Jan 30, 2009 by EO 13497 (Obama)
EO 13464 Blocking Property and Prohibiting Certain Transactions Related to Burma
signed Apr 30, 2008 by Bush · revoked Oct 7, 2016 by EO 13742 (Obama)
EO 13889 Continuance of Certain Federal Advisory Committees
signed Sep 27, 2019 by Trump · revoked May 28, 2021 by EO 14031 (Biden)
EO 13469 Blocking Property of Additional Persons Undermining Democratic Processes or Institutions in Zimbabwe
signed Jul 25, 2008 by Bush · revoked Mar 4, 2024 by EO 14118 (Biden)
EO 13098 Blocking Property of UNITA and ProhibitingCertain Transactions With Respect to UNITA
signed Aug 18, 1998 by Clinton · revoked May 6, 2003 by EO 13298 (Bush)
EO 12934 Blocking Property and Additional Measures With Respect to the Bosnian Serb-Controlled Areas of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina
signed Oct 25, 1994 by Clinton · revoked May 28, 2003 by EO 13304 (Bush)
EO 13121 Blocking Property of the Governments of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro), the Republic of Serbia, and the Republic of Montenegro, and Prohibiting Trade Transactions Involving the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro) in Response to the Situation in Kosovo
signed Apr 30, 1999 by Clinton · revoked May 28, 2003 by EO 13304 (Bush)
EO 13028 Further Amendments to Executive Order No. 12757 Implementation of the Enterprise for the Americas Initiative
signed Dec 3, 1996 by Clinton · revoked Jul 8, 2004 by EO 13345 (Bush)
EO 13131 Further Amendments to Executive Order 12757, Implementation of the Enterprise for the Americas Initiative
signed Jul 22, 1999 by Clinton · revoked Jul 8, 2004 by EO 13345 (Bush)
EO 13208 Amendment to Executive Order 13202, Preservation of Open Competition and Government Neutrality Towards Government Contractors' Labor Relations on Federal and Federally Funded Construction Projects
signed Apr 6, 2001 by Bush · revoked Feb 6, 2009 by EO 13502 (Obama)
EO 13738 Amendment to Executive Order 13673
signed Aug 23, 2016 by Obama · revoked Mar 28, 2017 by EO 13783 (Trump)
EO 14022 Termination of Emergency With Respect to the International Criminal Court
signed Apr 1, 2021 by Biden · revoked Jan 20, 2025 by EO 14148 (Trump)
EO 14029 Revocation of Certain Presidential Actions and Technical Amendment
signed May 14, 2021 by Biden · revoked Jan 20, 2025 by EO 14148 (Trump)
EO 13672 Further Amendments to Executive Order 11478, Equal Employment Opportunity in the Federal Government, and Executive Order 11246, Equal Employment Opportunity
signed Jul 21, 2014 by Obama · revoked Jan 21, 2025 by EO 14173 (Trump)
EO 12998 Amendment to Executive Order No. 11880
signed Apr 5, 1996 by Clinton · revoked Dec 18, 2001 by EO 13242 (Bush)
EO 13514 Federal Leadership in Environmental, Energy, and Economic Performance
signed Oct 5, 2009 by Obama · revoked Mar 25, 2015 by EO 13693 (Obama)
EO 12902 Energy Efficiency and Water Conservation at Federal Facilities
signed Mar 8, 1994 by Clinton · revoked Jun 3, 1999 by EO 13123 (Clinton)
EO 13645 Authorizing the Implementation of Certain Sanctions Set Forth in the Iran Freedom and Counter- Proliferation Act of 2012 and Additional Sanctions With Respect To Iran
signed Jun 3, 2013 by Obama · revoked Jan 16, 2016 by EO 13716 (Obama)
EO 13622 Authorizing Additional Sanctions With Respect to Iran
signed Jul 30, 2012 by Obama · revoked Jan 16, 2016 by EO 13716 (Obama)
EO 13355 Strengthened Management of the Intelligence Community
signed Aug 27, 2004 by Bush · revoked Jul 30, 2008 by EO 13470 (Bush)
EO 13083 Federalism
signed May 14, 1998 by Clinton · revoked Aug 4, 1999 by EO 13132 (Clinton)
EO 12969 Federal Acquisition and Community Right-To-Know
signed Aug 8, 1995 by Clinton · revoked Apr 21, 2000 by EO 13148 (Clinton)
EO 13356 Strengthening the Sharing of Terrorism Information To Protect Americans
signed Aug 27, 2004 by Bush · revoked Oct 25, 2005 by EO 13388 (Bush)
EO 13354 National Counterterrorism Center
signed Aug 27, 2004 by Bush · revoked Jul 30, 2008 by EO 13470 (Bush)
EO 13590 Authorizing the Imposition of Certain Sanctions With Respect to the Provision of Goods, Services, Technology, or Support for Iran's Energy and Petrochemical Sectors
signed Nov 20, 2011 by Obama · revoked Jan 16, 2016 by EO 13716 (Obama)
EO 13602 Establishing a White House Council on Strong Cities, Strong Communities
signed Mar 15, 2012 by Obama · revoked Nov 16, 2016 by EO 13748 (Obama)
EO 13934 Building and Rebuilding Monuments to American Heroes
signed Jul 3, 2020 by Trump · revoked Jan 18, 2021 by EO 13978 (Trump)
EO 14042 Ensuring Adequate COVID Safety Protocols for Federal Contractors
signed Sep 9, 2021 by Biden · revoked May 9, 2023 by EO 14099 (Biden)
EO 13991 Protecting the Federal Workforce and Requiring Mask-Wearing
signed Jan 20, 2021 by Biden · revoked Apr 12, 2024 by EO 14122 (Biden)
EO 13998 Promoting COVID-19 Safety in Domestic and International Travel
signed Jan 21, 2021 by Biden · revoked Apr 12, 2024 by EO 14122 (Biden)
EO 12891 Advisory Committee on Human Radiation Experiments
signed Jan 15, 1994 by Clinton · revoked Sep 29, 1997 by EO 13062 (Clinton)
EO 13031 Federal Alternative Fueled Vehicle Leadership
signed Dec 13, 1996 by Clinton · revoked Apr 21, 2000 by EO 13149 (Clinton)
EO 13084 Consultation and Coordination With Indian Tribal Governments
signed May 14, 1998 by Clinton · revoked Nov 6, 2000 by EO 13175 (Clinton)
EO 13227 President's Commission on Excellence in Special Education
signed Oct 2, 2001 by Bush · revoked Sep 17, 2003 by EO 13316 (Bush)
EO 13328 Commission on the Intelligence Capabilities of the United States Regarding Weapons of Mass Destruction
signed Feb 6, 2004 by Bush · revoked Sep 29, 2005 by EO 13385 (Bush)
EO 13381 Strengthening Processes Relating to Determining Eligibility for Access to Classified National Security Information
signed Jun 27, 2005 by Bush · revoked Jun 30, 2008 by EO 13467 (Bush)
EO 13507 Establishment of the White House Office of Health Reform
signed Apr 8, 2009 by Obama · revoked Apr 5, 2011 by EO 13569 (Obama)
EO 13509 Establishing a White House Council on Automotive Communities and Workers
signed Jun 23, 2009 by Obama · revoked Jul 6, 2011 by EO 13578 (Obama)
EO 13574 Authorizing the Implementation of Certain Sanctions Set Forth in the Iran Sanctions Act of 1996, as Amended
signed May 23, 2011 by Obama · revoked Jan 16, 2016 by EO 13716 (Obama)
EO 13584 Developing an Integrated Strategic Counterterrorism Communications Initiative and Establishing a Temporary Organization to Support Certain Government-wide Communications Activities Directed Abroad
signed Sep 9, 2011 by Obama · revoked Mar 14, 2016 by EO 13721 (Obama)
EO 13805 Establishing a Presidential Advisory Council on Infrastructure
signed Jul 19, 2017 by Trump · revoked Sep 29, 2017 by EO 13811 (Trump)
EO 14237 Addressing Risks From Paul Weiss
signed Mar 14, 2025 by Trump · revoked Mar 21, 2025 by EO 14244 (Trump)
EO 13824 President's Council on Sports, Fitness, and Nutrition
signed Feb 26, 2018 by Trump · revoked Jul 31, 2025 by EO 14327 (Trump)
EO 12923 Continuation of Export Control Regulations
signed Jun 30, 1994 by Clinton · revoked Aug 19, 1994 by EO 12924 (Clinton)
EO 12914 Prohibiting Certain Transactions With Respect to Haiti
signed May 7, 1994 by Clinton · revoked Oct 14, 1994 by EO 12932 (Clinton)
EO 12917 Prohibiting Certain Transactions With Respect to Haiti
signed May 21, 1994 by Clinton · revoked Oct 14, 1994 by EO 12932 (Clinton)
EO 12920 Prohibiting Certain Transactions With Respect to Haiti
signed Jun 10, 1994 by Clinton · revoked Oct 14, 1994 by EO 12932 (Clinton)
EO 12946 President's Advisory Board on Arms Proliferation Policy
signed Jan 20, 1995 by Clinton · revoked Sep 29, 1997 by EO 13062 (Clinton)
EO 12964 Commission on United States-Pacific Trade and Investment Policy
signed Jun 21, 1995 by Clinton · revoked Sep 29, 1997 by EO 13062 (Clinton)
EO 13017 Advisory Commission on Consumer Protection and Quality in the Health Care Industry
signed Sep 5, 1996 by Clinton · revoked Sep 30, 1999 by EO 13138 (Clinton)
EO 13037 Commission To Study Capital Budgeting
signed Mar 3, 1997 by Clinton · revoked Sep 30, 1999 by EO 13138 (Clinton)
EO 13038 Advisory Committee on Public Interest Obligations of Digital Television Broadcasters
signed Mar 11, 1997 by Clinton · revoked Sep 30, 1999 by EO 13138 (Clinton)
EO 13260 Establishing the President's Homeland Security Advisory Council and Senior Advisory Committees for Homeland
signed Mar 19, 2002 by Bush · revoked Feb 28, 2003 by EO 13286 (Bush)
EO 13210 President's Commission To Strengthen Social Security
signed May 2, 2001 by Bush · revoked Sep 17, 2003 by EO 13316 (Bush)
EO 13214 President's Task Force To Improve Health Care Delivery for Our Nation's Veterans
signed May 28, 2001 by Bush · revoked Sep 17, 2003 by EO 13316 (Bush)
EO 13263 President's New Freedom Commission on Mental Health
signed Apr 29, 2002 by Bush · revoked Sep 17, 2003 by EO 13316 (Bush)
EO 13278 President's Commission on the United States Postal Service
signed Dec 11, 2002 by Bush · revoked Sep 17, 2003 by EO 13316 (Bush)
EO 13213 Additional Measures With Respect To Prohibiting the Importation of Rough Diamonds From Sierra Leone
signed May 22, 2001 by Bush · revoked Jan 15, 2004 by EO 13324 (Bush)
EO 13283 Establishing the Office of Global Communications
signed Jan 21, 2003 by Bush · revoked Sep 29, 2005 by EO 13385 (Bush)
EO 13326 President's Commission on Implementation of United States Space Exploration Policy
signed Jan 27, 2004 by Bush · revoked Sep 29, 2005 by EO 13385 (Bush)
EO 13369 President's Advisory Panel on Federal Tax Reform
signed Jan 7, 2005 by Bush · revoked Sep 28, 2007 by EO 13446 (Bush)
EO 13501 Establishment of the President's Economic Recovery Advisory Board
signed Feb 6, 2009 by Obama · revoked Jan 31, 2011 by EO 13564 (Obama)
EO 13560 White House Council for Community Solutions
signed Dec 14, 2010 by Obama · revoked Nov 16, 2016 by EO 13748 (Obama)
EO 13737 Providing an Order of Succession Within the Environmental Protection Agency
signed Aug 12, 2016 by Obama · revoked Jan 13, 2017 by EO 13763 (Obama)
EO 13775 Providing an Order of Succession Within the Department of Justice
signed Feb 9, 2017 by Trump · revoked Mar 31, 2017 by EO 13787 (Trump)
EO 14043 Requiring Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccination for Federal Employees
signed Sep 9, 2021 by Biden · revoked May 9, 2023 by EO 14099 (Biden)
EO 12930 Measures To Restrict the Participation by United States Persons in Weapons Proliferation Activities
signed Sep 29, 1994 by Clinton · revoked Nov 14, 1994 by EO 12938 (Clinton)
EO 12903 Nuclear Cooperation With EURATOM
signed Mar 9, 1994 by Clinton · revoked Mar 9, 1995 by EO 12955 (Clinton)
EO 13015 White House Commission on Aviation Safety and Security
signed Aug 22, 1996 by Clinton · revoked Sep 29, 1997 by EO 13062 (Clinton)
EO 13095 Suspension of Executive Order 13083
signed Aug 5, 1998 by Clinton · revoked Aug 4, 1999 by EO 13132 (Clinton)
EO 13362 Designation of Additional Officers for the Department of Homeland Security Order of Succession
signed Nov 29, 2004 by Bush · revoked Aug 13, 2007 by EO 13442 (Bush)
EO 13250 Providing an Order of Succession Within the Department of Health and Human Services
signed Dec 28, 2001 by Bush · revoked Feb 15, 2008 by EO 13461 (Bush)
EO 14061 Adjustments of Certain Rates of Pay
signed Dec 22, 2021 by Biden · revoked Dec 23, 2022 by EO 14090 (Biden)
EO 14090 Adjustments of Certain Rates of Pay
signed Dec 23, 2022 by Biden · revoked Dec 21, 2023 by EO 14113 (Biden)
EO 13454 Adjustments of Certain Rates of Pay
signed Jan 4, 2008 by Bush · revoked Dec 18, 2008 by EO 13483 (Bush)
EO 13635 Adjustments of Certain Rates of Pay
signed Dec 27, 2012 by Obama · revoked Apr 5, 2013 by EO 13641 (Obama)
EO 13641 Adjustments of Certain Rates of Pay
signed Apr 5, 2013 by Obama · revoked Dec 23, 2013 by EO 13655 (Obama)
EO 13686 Adjustments of Certain Rates of Pay
signed Dec 19, 2014 by Obama · revoked Dec 18, 2015 by EO 13715 (Obama)
EO 13715 Adjustments of Certain Rates of Pay
signed Dec 18, 2015 by Obama · revoked Dec 27, 2016 by EO 13756 (Obama)
EO 13144 Adjustments of Certain Rates of Pay
signed Dec 21, 1999 by Clinton · revoked Dec 23, 2000 by EO 13182 (Clinton)
EO 12944 Adjustments of Certain Rates of Pay and Allowances
signed Dec 28, 1994 by Clinton · revoked Dec 28, 1995 by EO 12984 (Clinton)
EO 12984 Adjustments of Certain Rates of Pay and Allowances
signed Dec 28, 1995 by Clinton · revoked Dec 27, 1996 by EO 13033 (Clinton)
EO 13071 Adjustments of Certain Rates of Pay
signed Dec 29, 1997 by Clinton · revoked Dec 7, 1998 by EO 13106 (Clinton)
EO 13106 Adjustments of Certain Rates of Pay and Delegation of a Federal Pay Administration Authority
signed Dec 7, 1998 by Clinton · revoked Dec 21, 1999 by EO 13144 (Clinton)
EO 13282 Adjustments of Certain Rates of Pay
signed Dec 31, 2002 by Bush · revoked Dec 30, 2003 by EO 13322 (Bush)
EO 13322 Adjustments of Certain Rates of Pay
signed Dec 30, 2003 by Bush · revoked Mar 3, 2004 by EO 13332 (Bush)
EO 13332 Further Adjustment of Certain Rates of Pay
signed Mar 3, 2004 by Bush · revoked Dec 30, 2004 by EO 13368 (Bush)
EO 13368 Adjustments of Certain Rates of Pay
signed Dec 30, 2004 by Bush · revoked Dec 22, 2005 by EO 13393 (Bush)
EO 13420 Adjustments of Certain Rates of Pay
signed Dec 21, 2006 by Bush · revoked Jan 4, 2008 by EO 13454 (Bush)
EO 12990 Adjustments of Rates of Pay and Allowances for the Uniformed Services, Amendment to Executive Order No. 12984
signed Feb 29, 1996 by Clinton · revoked Dec 27, 1996 by EO 13033 (Clinton)
EO 14048 Continuance or Reestablishment of Certain Federal Advisory Committees and Amendments to Other Executive Orders
signed Sep 30, 2021 by Biden · revoked Sep 29, 2023 by EO 14109 (Biden)
EO 14256 Further Amendment to Duties Addressing the Synthetic Opioid Supply Chain in the People's Republic of China as Applied to Low-Value Imports
signed Apr 2, 2025 by Trump · revoked Jul 30, 2025 by EO 14324 (Trump)
EO 13617 Blocking Property of the Government of the Russian Federation Relating to the Disposition of Highly Enriched Uranium Extracted From Nuclear Weapons
signed Jun 25, 2012 by Obama · revoked May 26, 2015 by EO 13695 (Obama)
EO 13619 Blocking Property of Persons Threatening the Peace, Security, or Stability of Burma
signed Jul 11, 2012 by Obama · revoked Oct 7, 2016 by EO 13742 (Obama)
EO 12922 Blocking Property of Certain Haitian Nationals
signed Jun 21, 1994 by Clinton · revoked Oct 14, 1994 by EO 12932 (Clinton)
EO 12974 Continuance of Certain Federal Advisory Committees
signed Sep 29, 1995 by Clinton · revoked Sep 29, 1997 by EO 13062 (Clinton)
EO 13062 Continuance of Certain Federal Advisory Committees and Amendments to Executive Orders 13038 and 13054
signed Sep 29, 1997 by Clinton · revoked Sep 30, 1999 by EO 13138 (Clinton)
EO 13225 Continuance of Certain Federal Advisory Committees
signed Sep 28, 2001 by Bush · revoked Sep 17, 2003 by EO 13316 (Bush)
EO 13325 Amendment to Executive Order 12293, the Foreign Service of the United States
signed Jan 23, 2004 by Bush · revoked Mar 14, 2005 by EO 13374 (Bush)
EO 13511 Continuance of Certain Federal Advisory Committees
signed Sep 29, 2009 by Obama · revoked Sep 30, 2011 by EO 13585 (Obama)
EO 12921 Amendment to Executive Order No. 12864
signed Jun 13, 1994 by Clinton · revoked Sep 29, 1997 by EO 13062 (Clinton)
EO 12970 Further Amendment to Executive Order No. 12864
signed Sep 14, 1995 by Clinton · revoked Sep 29, 1997 by EO 13062 (Clinton)
EO 12987 Amendment to Executive Order No. 12964
signed Jan 31, 1996 by Clinton · revoked Sep 29, 1997 by EO 13062 (Clinton)
EO 13032 Further Amendment to Executive Order No. 12964
signed Dec 26, 1996 by Clinton · revoked Sep 29, 1997 by EO 13062 (Clinton)
40 agency rules nullified under the Congressional Review Act
Joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval of the rule submitted by the Department of Labor under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, relating to ergonomics
Pub. L. 107-5 · Mar 20, 2001
Disapproving the rule submitted by the Department of Defense, the General Services Administration, and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration relating to the Federal Acquisition Regulation.
Pub. L. 115-11 · Mar 27, 2017
Disapproving the rule submitted by the Department of the Interior relating to Bureau of Land Management regulations that establish the procedures used to prepare, revise, or amend land use plans pursuant to the Federal Land Policy and Management Act of 1976.
Pub. L. 115-12 · Mar 27, 2017
Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of Education relating to accountability and State plans under the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965.
Pub. L. 115-13 · Mar 27, 2017
Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of Education relating to teacher preparation issues.
Pub. L. 115-14 · Mar 27, 2017
Disapproving the rule submitted by the Department of Labor relating to drug testing of unemployment compensation applicants.
Pub. L. 115-17 · Mar 31, 2017
Show 34 more
Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the final rule of the Department of the Interior relating to "Non-Subsistence Take of Wildlife, and Public Participation and Closure Procedures, on National Wildlife Refuges in Alaska".
Pub. L. 115-20 · Apr 3, 2017
Disapproving the rule submitted by the Department of Labor relating to "Clarification of Employer's Continuing Obligation to Make and Maintain an Accurate Record of Each Recordable Injury and Illness".
Pub. L. 115-21 · Apr 3, 2017
A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Federal Communications Commission relating to "Protecting the Privacy of Customers of Broadband and Other Telecommunications Services".
Pub. L. 115-22 · Apr 3, 2017
Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the final rule submitted by Secretary of Health and Human Services relating to compliance with title X requirements by project requirements by project recipients in selecting subrecipients.
Pub. L. 115-23 · Apr 13, 2017
Disapproving the rule submitted by the Department of Labor relating to savings arrangements established by qualified State political subdivisions for non-governmental employees.
Pub. L. 115-24 · Apr 13, 2017
Disapproving the rule submitted by the Department of Labor relating to savings arrangements established by States for non-governmental employees.
Pub. L. 115-35 · May 17, 2017
Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection relating to "Arbitration Agreements".
Pub. L. 115-74 · Nov 1, 2017
A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection relating to "Indirect Auto Lending and Compliance with the Equal Credit Opportunity Act".
Pub. L. 115-172 · May 21, 2018
Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission relating to "Update of Commission's Conciliation Procedures".
Pub. L. 117-22 · Jun 30, 2021
Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "Oil and Natural Gas Sector: Emission Standards for New, Reconstructed, and Modified Sources Review".
Pub. L. 117-23 · Jun 30, 2021
Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Office of the Comptroller of Currency relating to "National Banks and Federal Savings Associations as Lenders".
Pub. L. 117-24 · Jun 30, 2021
Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "Waste Emissions Charge for Petroleum and Natural Gas Systems: Procedures for Facilitating Compliance, Including Netting and Exemptions".
Pub. L. 119-2 · Mar 14, 2025
A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management relating to "Protection of Marine Archaeological Resources".
Pub. L. 119-3 · Mar 14, 2025
Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Internal Revenue Service relating to "Gross Proceeds Reporting by Brokers That Regularly Provide Services Effectuating Digital Asset Sales".
Pub. L. 119-5 · Apr 10, 2025
Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of Energy relating to "Energy Conservation Program: Energy Conservation Standards for Consumer Gas-fired Instantaneous Water Heaters".
Pub. L. 119-6 · May 9, 2025
Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of Energy relating to "Energy Conservation Program: Energy Conservation Standards for Walk-In Coolers and Walk-In Freezers".
Pub. L. 119-7 · May 9, 2025
Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of Energy relating to "Energy Conservation Program for Appliance Standards: Certification Requirements, Labeling Requirements, and Enforcement Provisions for Certain Consumer Products and Commercial Equipment".
Pub. L. 119-8 · May 9, 2025
Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Department of Energy relating to "Energy Conservation Program: Energy Conservation Standards for Commercial Refrigerators, Freezers, and Refrigerator-Freezers".
Pub. L. 119-9 · May 9, 2025
Disapproving the rule submitted by the Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection relating to "Overdraft Lending: Very Large Financial Institutions".
Pub. L. 119-10 · May 9, 2025
Disapproving the rule submitted by the Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection relating to "Defining Larger Participants of a Market for General-Use Digital Consumer Payment Applications".
Pub. L. 119-11 · May 9, 2025
Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the National Park Service relating to "Glen Canyon National Recreation Area: Motor Vehicles".
Pub. L. 119-13 · May 23, 2025
Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to “National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Rubber Tire Manufacturing”.
Pub. L. 119-14 · May 23, 2025
Providing congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "California State Motor Vehicle and Engine Pollution Control Standards; Heavy-Duty Vehicle and Engine Emission Warranty and Maintenance Provisions; Advanced Clean Trucks; Zero Emission Airport Shuttle; Zero-Emission Power Train Certification; Waiver of Preemption; Notice of Decision".
Pub. L. 119-15 · Jun 12, 2025
Providing congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to 2 "California State Motor Vehicle and Engine Pollution Control Standards; Advanced Clean Cars II; Waiver of Preemption; Notice of Decision".
Pub. L. 119-16 · Jun 12, 2025
Providing congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "California State Motor Vehicle and Engine and Nonroad Engine Pollution Control Standards; The 'Omnibus' Low NOX Regulation; Waiver of Preemption; Notice of Decision".
Pub. L. 119-17 · Jun 12, 2025
Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency of the Department of the Treasury relating to the review of applications under the Bank Merger Act.
Pub. L. 119-19 · Jun 20, 2025
Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "Review of Final Rule Reclassification of Major Sources as Area Sources Under Section 112 of the Clean Air Act".
Pub. L. 119-20 · Jun 20, 2025
Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bureau of Land Management relating to “National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska Integrated Activity Plan Record of Decision”.
Pub. L. 119-47 · Dec 5, 2025
Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bureau of Land Management relating to "Miles City Field Office Record of Decision and Approved Resource Management Plan Amendment".
Pub. L. 119-48 · Dec 11, 2025
Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bureau of Land Management relating to "North Dakota Field Office Record of Decision and Approved Resource Management Plan".
Pub. L. 119-49 · Dec 11, 2025
Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bureau of Land Management relating to "Central Yukon Record of Decision and Approved Resource Management Plan".
Pub. L. 119-50 · Dec 11, 2025
Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bureau of Land Management relating to "Buffalo Field Office Record of Decision and Approved Resource Management Plan Amendment".
Pub. L. 119-51 · Dec 11, 2025
Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bureau of Land Management relating to "Coastal Plain Oil and Gas Leasing Program Record of Decision".
Pub. L. 119-52 · Dec 11, 2025
Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bureau of Land Management relating to Public Land Order No. 7917 for Withdrawal of Federal Lands; Cook, Lake, and Saint Louis Counties, MN.
Pub. L. 119-85 · Apr 27, 2026
236 decisions that overruled precedent
The Farmers Loan & Trust Company v. Minnesota
Jan 6, 1930 · 7-2 · Economic Activity
East Ohio Gas Co. v. Tax Commission of Ohio
May 18, 1931 · 9-0 · Economic Activity
Chicago & Eastern Illinois Railroad Co. v. Industrial Commission of Illinois
Jan 4, 1932 · 9-0 · Economic Activity
Fox Film Corp. v. Doyal
May 16, 1932 · 9-0 · Economic Activity
Funk v. United States
Dec 11, 1933 · 7-2 · Civil Rights
United States v. Hastings
Dec 9, 1935 · 9-0 · Criminal Procedure
West Coast Hotel Co. v. Parrish
Mar 29, 1937 · 5-4 · Civil Rights
Railroad Commission of California v. Pacific Gas & Electric Co.
Jan 3, 1938 · 7-2 · Due Process
Show 228 more
Helvering v. Mountain Producers Corporation
Mar 7, 1938 · 5-2 · Federal Taxation
Helvering v. Bankline Oil Co.
Mar 7, 1938 · 7-0 · Federal Taxation
Erie Railroad Co. v. Tompkins
Apr 25, 1938 · 8-0 · Judicial Power
Graves v. New York ex rel. O'Keefe
Mar 27, 1939 · 6-2 · Federalism
Rochester Telephone Corp. v. United States
Apr 17, 1939 · 8-0 · Economic Activity
O'Malley v. Woodrough
May 22, 1939 · 7-1 · Federal Taxation
Helvering v. Hallock
Jan 29, 1940 · 6-2 · Federal Taxation
Madden v. Kentucky
Jan 29, 1940 · 6-2 · Economic Activity
Tigner v. Texas
May 6, 1940 · 8-1 · Economic Activity
Delaware River Joint Toll Bridge Commission v. Colburn
May 27, 1940 · 9-0 · Federalism
United States v. Darby
Feb 3, 1941 · 8-0 · Unions
United States v. Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul & Pacific Railroad Co.
Mar 31, 1941 · 8-0 · Due Process
Nye v. United States
Apr 14, 1941 · 5-3 · Criminal Procedure
California v. Thompson
Apr 28, 1941 · 8-0 · Economic Activity
Olsen v. Nebraska ex rel. Western Reference & Bond Association, Inc.
Apr 28, 1941 · 8-0 · Economic Activity
United States v. Classic
May 26, 1941 · 4-3 · Civil Rights
Alabama v. King & Boozer
Nov 10, 1941 · 8-0 · Economic Activity
Toucey v. New York Life Insurance Co.
Nov 17, 1941 · 5-3 · Federalism
Edwards v. California
Nov 24, 1941 · 9-0 · Economic Activity
Graves v. Schmidlapp
Mar 30, 1942 · 9-0 · Economic Activity
State Tax Commission of Utah v. Aldrich
Apr 27, 1942 · 7-2 · Economic Activity
Williams v. North Carolina
Dec 21, 1942 · 6-2 · Due Process
Brady v. Roosevelt Steamship Co.
Jan 18, 1943 · 8-0 · Economic Activity
Jones v. Opelika
May 3, 1943 · 9-0 · First Amendment
Murdock v. Pennsylvania (City of Jeannette)
May 3, 1943 · 5-4 · First Amendment
Oklahoma Tax Commission v. United States
Jun 14, 1943 · 5-4 · Civil Rights
West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette
Jun 14, 1943 · 6-3 · First Amendment
Federal Power Commission v. Hope Natural Gas Co.
Jan 3, 1944 · 7-2 · Economic Activity
Mercoid Corporation v. Mid-Continent Investment Co.
Jan 3, 1944 · 5-4 · Economic Activity
Mahnich v. Southern Steamship Co.
Jan 31, 1944 · 7-2 · Economic Activity
Smith v. Allwright
Apr 3, 1944 · 8-1 · Civil Rights
United States v. South-Eastern Underwriters Association
Jun 5, 1944 · 4-3 · Economic Activity
Girouard v. United States
Apr 22, 1946 · 5-3 · Civil Rights
Halliburton Oil Well Cementing Co. v. Walker
Nov 18, 1946 · 8-1 · Economic Activity
Macgregor v. Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Co.
Jan 6, 1947 · 5-4 · Economic Activity
Angel v. Bullington
Feb 17, 1947 · 6-3 · Judicial Power
Sherrer v. Sherrer
Jun 7, 1948 · 7-2 · Due Process
Lincoln Federal Labor Union v. Northwestern Iron & Metal Co.
Jan 3, 1949 · 9-0 · Unions
Commissioner of Internal Revenue v. Estate of Church
Jan 17, 1949 · 6-3 · Federal Taxation
Ott v. Mississippi Valley Barge Line Co.
Feb 7, 1949 · 8-1 · Economic Activity
Oklahoma Tax Commission v. Texas Company
Mar 7, 1949 · 9-0 · Federalism
Cosmopolitan Shipping Co. v. McAllister
Jun 27, 1949 · 5-4 · Economic Activity
United States v. Rabinowitz
Feb 20, 1950 · 5-3 · Criminal Procedure
Darr v. Burford
Apr 3, 1950 · 5-3 · Judicial Power
Standard Oil Co. v. Peck
Feb 4, 1952 · 7-2 · Economic Activity
Joseph Burstyn, Inc. v. Wilson
May 26, 1952 · 9-0 · First Amendment
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka
May 17, 1954 · 9-0 · Civil Rights
Carroll v. Lanza
Jun 6, 1955 · 6-3 · Federalism
Reid v. Covert
Jun 10, 1957 · 6-2 · Civil Rights
Vanderbilt v. Vanderbilt
Jun 24, 1957 · 6-2 · Due Process
Ladner v. United States
Dec 15, 1958 · 8-1 · Criminal Procedure
United States v. Raines
Feb 29, 1960 · 9-0 · Civil Rights
Elkins v. United States
Jun 27, 1960 · 5-4 · Criminal Procedure
James v. United States
May 15, 1961 · 6-3 · Criminal Procedure
Mapp v. Ohio
Jun 19, 1961 · 6-3 · Criminal Procedure
Baker v. Carr
Mar 26, 1962 · 6-2 · Civil Rights
Smith v. Evening News Association
Dec 10, 1962 · 8-1 · Federalism
Local No. 438 Construction & General Laborers' Union v. Curry
Jan 21, 1963 · 9-0 · Federalism
Gideon v. Wainwright
Mar 18, 1963 · 9-0 · Criminal Procedure
Gray v. Sanders
Mar 18, 1963 · 8-1 · Civil Rights
Fay v. Noia
Mar 18, 1963 · 6-3 · Criminal Procedure
Ferguson v. Skrupa
Apr 22, 1963 · 9-0 · Economic Activity
Wesberry v. Sanders
Feb 17, 1964 · 6-3 · Civil Rights
Schneider v. Rusk
May 18, 1964 · 5-3 · Civil Rights
Malloy v. Hogan
Jun 15, 1964 · 5-4 · Criminal Procedure
Murphy v. Waterfront Commission of New York Harbor
Jun 15, 1964 · 9-0 · Criminal Procedure
Jackson v. Denno
Jun 22, 1964 · 6-3 · Criminal Procedure
Escobedo v. Illinois
Jun 22, 1964 · 5-4 · Criminal Procedure
McLaughlin v. Florida
Dec 7, 1964 · 9-0 · Civil Rights
Pointer v. Texas
Apr 5, 1965 · 9-0 · Criminal Procedure
United States v. Brown
Jun 7, 1965 · 5-4 · First Amendment
Swift & Co., Inc. v. Wickham
Nov 22, 1965 · 6-3 · Judicial Power
Harris v. United States
Dec 6, 1965 · 5-4 · Criminal Procedure
Harper v. Virginia Board of Elections
Mar 24, 1966 · 6-3 · Civil Rights
Miranda v. Arizona
Jun 13, 1966 · 5-4 · Criminal Procedure
Spevack v. Klein
Jan 16, 1967 · 5-4 · Criminal Procedure
Keyishian v. Board of Regents of the University of the State of New York
Jan 23, 1967 · 5-4 · First Amendment
Afroyim v. Rusk
May 29, 1967 · 5-4 · Civil Rights
Warden v. Hayden
May 29, 1967 · 6-3 · Criminal Procedure
Camara v. Municipal Court of the City and County of San Francisco
Jun 5, 1967 · 6-3 · Criminal Procedure
Berger v. New York
Jun 12, 1967 · 6-3 · Criminal Procedure
Katz v. United States
Dec 18, 1967 · 7-1 · Criminal Procedure
Marchetti v. United States
Jan 29, 1968 · 7-1 · Criminal Procedure
Peyton v. Rowe
May 20, 1968 · 9-0 · Criminal Procedure
Bruton v. United States
May 20, 1968 · 6-2 · Criminal Procedure
Duncan v. Louisiana
May 20, 1968 · 7-2 · Criminal Procedure
Carafas v. Lavallee
May 20, 1968 · 8-0 · Criminal Procedure
Lee v. Florida
Jun 17, 1968 · 6-3 · Criminal Procedure
Jones v. Alfred H. Mayer Co.
Jun 17, 1968 · 7-2 · Civil Rights
Moore v. Ogilvie
May 5, 1969 · 7-2 · Civil Rights
Brandenburg v. Ohio
Jun 9, 1969 · 8-0 · First Amendment
Lear, Inc. v. Adkins
Jun 16, 1969 · 5-3 · Economic Activity
Chimel v. California
Jun 23, 1969 · 6-2 · Criminal Procedure
Benton v. Maryland
Jun 23, 1969 · 6-2 · Criminal Procedure
Ashe v. Swenson
Apr 6, 1970 · 7-1 · Criminal Procedure
Boys Markets, Inc. v. Retail Clerks Union
Jun 1, 1970 · 5-2 · Unions
Price v. Georgia
Jun 15, 1970 · 8-0 · Criminal Procedure
Moragne v. States Marine Lines, Inc.
Jun 15, 1970 · 8-0 · Economic Activity
Williams v. Florida
Jun 22, 1970 · 6-2 · Criminal Procedure
Blonder-Tongue Laboratories, Inc. v. University of Illinois Foundation
May 3, 1971 · 9-0 · Economic Activity
Perez v. Campbell
Jun 1, 1971 · 5-4 · Economic Activity
Griffin v. Breckenridge
Jun 7, 1971 · 9-0 · Civil Rights
Dunn v. Blumstein
Mar 21, 1972 · 6-1 · Civil Rights
Illinois v. City of Milwaukee
Apr 24, 1972 · 9-0 · Economic Activity
Andrews v. Louisville & Nashville Railroad Co.
May 15, 1972 · 7-1 · Economic Activity
Lehnhausen v. Lake Shore Auto Parts Co.
Feb 22, 1973 · 9-0 · Economic Activity
Braden v. 30th Judicial Circuit Court of Kentucky
Feb 28, 1973 · 6-3 · Criminal Procedure
Miller v. California
Jun 21, 1973 · 5-4 · First Amendment
North Dakota State Board of Pharmacy v. Snyder's Drug Stores, Inc.
Dec 5, 1973 · 9-0 · Economic Activity
Edelman v. Jordan
Mar 25, 1974 · 5-4 · Civil Rights
Mitchell v. W. T. Grant Co.
May 13, 1974 · 5-4 · Civil Rights
Taylor v. Louisiana
Jan 21, 1975 · 8-1 · Civil Rights
United States v. Reliable Transfer Co., Inc.
May 19, 1975 · 9-0 · Economic Activity
Michelin Tire Corp. v. Wages
Jan 14, 1976 · 8-0 · Economic Activity
Hudgens v. National Labor Relations Board
Mar 3, 1976 · 6-2 · First Amendment
Virginia State Board of Pharmacy v. Virginia Citizens Consumer Council, Inc.
May 24, 1976 · 7-1 · First Amendment
National League of Cities v. Usery
Jun 24, 1976 · 5-4 · Unions
Lodge 76 v. Wisconsin Employment Relations Commission
Jun 25, 1976 · 6-3 · Federalism
City of New Orleans v. Dukes
Jun 25, 1976 · 8-0 · Economic Activity
Gregg v. Georgia
Jul 2, 1976 · 7-2 · Criminal Procedure
Craig v. Boren
Dec 20, 1976 · 7-2 · Civil Rights
Oregon ex rel. State Land Board v. Corvallis Sand & Gravel Co.
Jan 12, 1977 · 6-3 · Federalism
Complete Auto Transit, Inc. v. Brady
Mar 7, 1977 · 9-0 · Economic Activity
Continental T.V., Inc. v. GTE Sylvania Inc.
Jun 23, 1977 · 6-2 · Economic Activity
Wainwright v. Sykes
Jun 23, 1977 · 7-2 · Criminal Procedure
Shaffer v. Heitner
Jun 24, 1977 · 7-1 · Due Process
Department of Revenue of Washington v. Association of Washington Stevedoring Companies
Apr 26, 1978 · 8-0 · Economic Activity
Monell v. Department of Social Services of the City of New York
Jun 6, 1978 · 7-2 · Civil Rights
Burks v. United States
Jun 14, 1978 · 8-0 · Criminal Procedure
United States v. Scott
Jun 14, 1978 · 5-4 · Criminal Procedure
Duren v. Missouri
Jan 9, 1979 · 8-1 · Civil Rights
Hughes v. Oklahoma
Apr 24, 1979 · 7-2 · Federalism
Trammel v. United States
Feb 27, 1980 · 9-0 · Judicial Power
United States v. Salvucci
Jun 25, 1980 · 7-2 · Criminal Procedure
Thomas v. Washington Gas Light Co.
Jun 27, 1980 · 7-2 · Economic Activity
Commonwealth Edison Co. v. Montana
Jul 2, 1981 · 6-3 · Economic Activity
United States v. Ross
Jun 1, 1982 · 6-3 · Criminal Procedure
Sporhase v. Nebraska ex rel. Douglas
Jul 2, 1982 · 7-2 · Federalism
Bob Jones University v. United States
May 24, 1983 · 8-1 · Civil Rights
Illinois v. Gates
Jun 8, 1983 · 6-3 · Criminal Procedure
Michigan v. Long
Jul 6, 1983 · 6-3 · Criminal Procedure
Pennhurst State School and Hospital v. Halderman
Jan 23, 1984 · 5-4 · Federalism
United States v. One Assortment of 89 Firearms
Feb 22, 1984 · 9-0 · Criminal Procedure
Limbach v. Hooven & Allison Co.
Apr 18, 1984 · 9-0 · Economic Activity
Copperweld Corp. v. Independence Tube Corp.
Jun 19, 1984 · 5-3 · Economic Activity
Garcia v. San Antonio Metropolitan Transit Authority
Feb 19, 1985 · 5-4 · Unions
United States v. Miller
Apr 1, 1985 · 8-0 · Criminal Procedure
Daniels v. Williams
Jan 21, 1986 · 9-0 · Civil Rights
United States v. Lane
Jan 27, 1986 · 5-4 · Criminal Procedure
Batson v. Kentucky
Apr 30, 1986 · 7-2 · Civil Rights
Puerto Rico v. Branstad
Jun 23, 1987 · 9-0 · Criminal Procedure
Tyler Pipe Industries, Inc. v. Washington State Department of Revenue
Jun 23, 1987 · 6-2 · Economic Activity
Solorio v. United States
Jun 25, 1987 · 6-3 · Civil Rights
Welch v. Texas Department of Highways and Public Transportation
Jun 25, 1987 · 5-4 · Economic Activity
Gulfstream Aerospace Corporation v. Mayacamas Corporation
Mar 22, 1988 · 8-0 · Judicial Power
South Carolina v. Baker
Apr 20, 1988 · 7-1 · Federalism
Thornburgh v. Abbott
May 15, 1989 · 6-3 · First Amendment
Rodriguez de Quijas v. Shearson/American Express, Inc.
May 15, 1989 · 5-4 · Economic Activity
Alabama v. Smith
Jun 12, 1989 · 8-1 · Criminal Procedure
Healy v. The Beer Institute
Jun 19, 1989 · 6-3 · Economic Activity
W. S. Kirkpatrick & Co., Inc. v. Environmental Tectonics Corp.
Jan 17, 1990 · 9-0 · Judicial Power
Collins v. Youngblood
Jun 21, 1990 · 9-0 · Criminal Procedure
Arizona v. Fulminante
Mar 26, 1991 · 5-4 · Criminal Procedure
California v. Acevedo
May 30, 1991 · 6-3 · Criminal Procedure
Exxon Corporation v. Central Gulf Lines, Inc.
Jun 3, 1991 · 9-0 · Judicial Power
Coleman v. Thompson
Jun 24, 1991 · 6-3 · Criminal Procedure
Pervis Tyrone Payne v. Tennessee
Jun 27, 1991 · 6-3 · Criminal Procedure
J. C. Keeney v. Tamayo-Reyes
May 4, 1992 · 5-4 · Criminal Procedure
Quill Corporation v. North Dakota by and Through Its Tax Commissioner
May 26, 1992 · 8-1 · Economic Activity
Planned Parenthood of Southeastern Pennsylvania v. Casey
Jun 29, 1992 · 5-4 · Privacy
United States v. Dixon
Jun 28, 1993 · 5-4 · Criminal Procedure
Nichols v. United States
Jun 6, 1994 · 6-3 · Criminal Procedure
Director v. Greenwich Collieries
Jun 20, 1994 · 6-3 · Economic Activity
Hubbard v. United States
May 15, 1995 · 6-3 · Criminal Procedure
Adarand Constructors, Inc. v. Federico Pena
Jun 12, 1995 · 5-4 · Civil Rights
United States v. Gaudin
Jun 19, 1995 · 9-0 · Criminal Procedure
Fulton Corporation v. Janice H. Faulkner
Feb 21, 1996 · 9-0 · Economic Activity
Seminole Tribe of Florida v. Florida
Mar 27, 1996 · 5-4 · Federalism
Inc. v. Rhode Island and Rhode Island Liquor Stores Association
May 13, 1996 · 9-0 · First Amendment
Lewis v. Fletcher Casey, Jr.
Jun 24, 1996 · 8-1 · Due Process
Rachel Agostini v. Betty-Louise Felton
Jun 23, 1997 · 5-4 · First Amendment
State Oil Company v. Barkat U. Khan and Khan & Associates, Inc.
Nov 4, 1997 · 9-0 · Economic Activity
Hudson v. United States
Dec 10, 1997 · 9-0 · Criminal Procedure
Arnold F. Hohn v. United States
Jun 15, 1998 · 5-4 · Criminal Procedure
Minnesota v. Mille Lacs Band of Chippewa Indians
Mar 24, 1999 · 5-4 · Civil Rights
College Savings Bank v. Florida Prepaid Postsecondary Education Expense Board
Jun 23, 1999 · 5-4 · Federalism
Guy Mitchell v. Helms
Jun 28, 2000 · 6-3 · First Amendment
United States v. Hatter
May 21, 2001 · 5-2 · Federal Taxation
Lapides v. Board of Regents of the University System of Georgia
May 13, 2002 · 9-0 · Federalism
United States v. Cotton
May 20, 2002 · 9-0 · Criminal Procedure
Daryl Renard Atkins v. Virginia
Jun 20, 2002 · 6-3 · Criminal Procedure
Ring v. Arizona
Jun 24, 2002 · 7-2 · Criminal Procedure
Lawrence v. Texas
Jun 26, 2003 · 6-3 · Privacy
Crawford v. Washington
Mar 8, 2004 · 9-0 · Criminal Procedure
Roper v. Simmons
Mar 1, 2005 · 5-4 · Criminal Procedure
Central Virginia Community College v. Katz
Jan 23, 2006 · 5-4 · Federalism
Illinois Tool Works Inc. v. Independent Ink, Inc.
Mar 1, 2006 · 8-0 · Economic Activity
Alberto R. Gonzales v. Leroy Carhart
Apr 18, 2007 · 5-4 · Privacy
Bell Atlantic Corporation v. Twombly
May 21, 2007 · 7-2 · Economic Activity
Bowles v. Russell
Jun 14, 2007 · 5-4 · Judicial Power
Parents Involved in Community Schools v. Seattle School District No. 1
Jun 28, 2007 · 5-4 · Civil Rights
Leegin Creative Leather Products, Inc. v. PSKS, Inc.
Jun 28, 2007 · 5-4 · Economic Activity
Cordell Pearson v. Afton Callahan
Jan 21, 2009 · 9-0 · Civil Rights
Montejo v. Louisiana
May 26, 2009 · 5-4 · Criminal Procedure
Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission
Jan 21, 2010 · 5-4 · First Amendment
Otis McDonald v. City of Chicago
Jun 28, 2010 · 5-4 · Criminal Procedure
Bond v. United States
Jun 16, 2011 · 9-0 · Judicial Power
Alleyne v. United States
Jun 17, 2013 · 5-4 · Criminal Procedure
Johnson v. United States
Jun 26, 2015 · 8-1 · Due Process
Obergefell v. Hodges
Jun 26, 2015 · 5-4 · Due Process
Hurst v. Florida
Jan 12, 2016 · 8-1 · Criminal Procedure
South Dakota v. Wayfair
Jun 21, 2018 · 5-4 · Economic Activity
Trump v. Hawaii
Jun 26, 2018 · 5-4 · Civil Rights
Janus v. American Federation of State
Jun 27, 2018 · 5-4 · Unions
Franchise Tax Board of California v. Hyatt
May 13, 2019 · 5-4 · Economic Activity
Herrera v. Wyoming
May 20, 2019 · 5-4 · Civil Rights
Knick v. Township of Scott
Jun 21, 2019 · 5-4 · Due Process
Rucho v. Common Cause
Jun 27, 2019 · 5-4 · Civil Rights
Ramos v. Louisiana
Apr 20, 2020 · 6-3 · Criminal Procedure
Edwards v. Vannoy
May 17, 2021 · 6-3 · Criminal Procedure
Shinn v. Ramirez
May 23, 2022 · 6-3 · Criminal Procedure
Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization
Jun 24, 2022 · 6-3 · Privacy
Kennedy v. Bremerton School District
Jun 27, 2022 · 6-3 · First Amendment
Students for Fair Admissions Inc. v. President & Fellows of Harvard College
Jun 29, 2023 · 6-2 · Civil Rights
Loper Bright Enterprises v. Raimondo
Jun 28, 2024 · 6-2 · Economic Activity
Cisco Systems v. Doe
Jun 23, 2026 · 6-3 · Judicial Power
Trump v. Slaughter
Jun 29, 2026 · 6-3 · Miscellaneous
National Republican Senatorial Committee v. Federal Election Commission
Jun 30, 2026 · 6-3 · First Amendment
Revocations are full revocations or supersessions recorded in the Federal Register (partial amendments aren't counted), and those records begin in 1994. Congressional Review Act disapprovals are identified by title. Laws repealed outright aren't tracked yet. Agencies abolished are in the Executive section.

Log1 file±0

logEverything in between
603 events · first 600 shown
Charles Evans Hughes — Chief Justice · 1930-02-13Owen Josephus Roberts — Associate Justice · 1930-05-20Go-Bart Importing Company v. United States · 1931-01-05Near v. Minnesota ex rel. Olson · 1931-06-01Benjamin Nathan Cardozo — Associate Justice · 1932-03-02Heiner v. Donnan · 1932-03-21United States v. Lefkowitz · 1932-04-11Ozie Powell v. Alabama · 1932-11-07Grau v. United States · 1932-11-07Terms of office ("Lame Duck" amendment) · 1933-01-23Franklin Delano Roosevelt takes office · 1933-03-04Securities Act of 1933 · 1933-05-27Glass–Steagall Act of 1933 (Banking Act of 1933) · 1933-06-16Nathanson v. United States · 1933-11-06Repeal of Prohibition · 1933-12-05Booth v. United States · 1934-02-05Lynch v. United States · 1934-06-04Securities Exchange Act of 1934 · 1934-06-06Panama Refining Co. v. Ryan · 1935-01-07Perry v. United States · 1935-02-18Railroad Retirement Board v. Alton Railroad Co. · 1935-05-06A. L. A. Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States · 1935-05-27Humphrey's Executor v. United States · 1935-05-27Louisville Joint Stock Land Bank v. Radford · 1935-05-27National Labor Relations Act of 1935 (Wagner Act) · 1935-07-05Social Security Act · 1935-08-14Hopkins Federal Savings & Loan Assn. v. Cleary · 1935-12-09United States v. Constantine · 1935-12-09United States v. Butler · 1936-01-06Rickert Rice Mills, Inc. v. Fontenot · 1936-01-13Carter v. Carter Coal Co. · 1936-05-18Ashton v. Cameron County Water Improvement District No. One · 1936-05-25United States v. Curtiss-Wright Export Corp. · 1936-12-21Franklin Delano Roosevelt takes office · 1937-01-20West Coast Hotel Co. v. Parrish · 1937-03-29National Labor Relations Board v. Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp. · 1937-04-12Hugo Lafayette Black — Associate Justice · 1937-08-18Stanley Forman Reed — Associate Justice · 1938-01-27United States v. Carolene Products Co. · 1938-04-25Erie Railroad Co. v. Tompkins · 1938-04-25Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act · 1938-06-25Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 · 1938-06-25Felix Frankfurter — Associate Justice · 1939-01-20William Orville Douglas — Associate Justice · 1939-04-15Frank Murphy — Associate Justice · 1940-01-18Selective Training and Service Act of 1940 · 1940-09-16Franklin Delano Roosevelt takes office · 1941-01-20Lend-Lease Act · 1941-03-11James Francis Byrnes — Associate Justice · 1941-06-25Harlan Fiske Stone — Chief Justice · 1941-07-03Robert Houghwout Jackson — Associate Justice · 1941-07-11Declaration of war on Japan · 1941-12-08Declarations of war on Germany and Italy · 1941-12-11Declarations of war on Bulgaria, Hungary, and Romania · 1942-06-05Wickard v. Filburn · 1942-11-09Wiley Blount Rutledge — Associate Justice · 1943-02-11Tot v. United States · 1943-06-07West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette · 1943-06-14Smith v. Allwright · 1944-04-03Servicemen's Readjustment Act of 1944 (G.I. Bill) · 1944-06-22Korematsu v. United States · 1944-12-18United States v. General Motors Corp · 1945-01-08Franklin Delano Roosevelt takes office · 1945-01-20Harry S. Truman takes office · 1945-04-12Harold Hitz Burton — Associate Justice · 1945-09-22United States v. Lovett · 1946-06-03Frederick Moore Vinson — Chief Justice · 1946-06-21Halliburton Oil Well Cementing Co. v. Walker · 1946-11-18Macgregor v. Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Co. · 1947-01-06Angel v. Bullington · 1947-02-17Taft–Hartley Act · 1947-06-23National Security Act of 1947 · 1947-07-26United States Department of War · 1947-09-18National Military Establishment · 1947-09-18Shelley v. Kraemer · 1948-05-03Sherrer v. Sherrer · 1948-06-07Lincoln Federal Labor Union v. Northwestern Iron & Metal Co. · 1949-01-03Commissioner of Internal Revenue v. Estate of Church · 1949-01-17Harry S. Truman takes office · 1949-01-20Ott v. Mississippi Valley Barge Line Co. · 1949-02-07Oklahoma Tax Commission v. Texas Company · 1949-03-07Cosmopolitan Shipping Co. v. McAllister · 1949-06-27National Military Establishment · 1949-08-10United States Department of Defense · 1949-08-10Tom C. Clark — Associate Justice · 1949-08-19Sherman Minton — Associate Justice · 1949-10-05United States v. Rabinowitz · 1950-02-20Darr v. Burford · 1950-04-03Korean War · 1950-06-27Puerto Rican Nationalist uprising · 1950-10-30Puerto Rican Nationalist uprising · 1950-11-02Presidential term limits · 1951-02-27Standard Oil Co. v. Peck · 1952-02-04Joseph Burstyn, Inc. v. Wilson · 1952-05-26Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. v. Sawyer · 1952-06-02United States v. Cardiff · 1952-12-08Dwight David Eisenhower takes office · 1953-01-20United States Department of Health, Education, and Welfare · 1953-04-11Korean War · 1953-07-28Earl Warren — Chief Justice · 1954-03-20Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka · 1954-05-17Bolling v. Sharpe · 1954-05-17Taiwan Strait crisis · 1954-12-31Taiwan Strait crisis · 1955-01-01John Marshall Harlan — Associate Justice · 1955-03-17Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka · 1955-05-31Carroll v. Lanza · 1955-06-06United States ex rel. Toth v. Quarles · 1955-11-07Federal Aid Highway Act of 1956 · 1956-06-29Dwight David Eisenhower takes office · 1957-01-20William Joseph Brennan, Jr. — Associate Justice · 1957-03-21Charles Evans Whittaker — Associate Justice · 1957-03-22Reid v. Covert · 1957-06-10Vanderbilt v. Vanderbilt · 1957-06-24Trop v. Dulles · 1958-03-31Cooper v. Aaron · 1958-09-12Ladner v. United States · 1958-12-15Taiwan Strait crisis · 1958-12-31Taiwan Strait crisis · 1959-01-01Alaska · 1959-01-03Potter Stewart — Associate Justice · 1959-05-07Hawaii · 1959-08-21Kinsella v. United States ex rel. Singleton · 1960-01-18Grisham v. Hagan · 1960-01-18McElroy v. United States ex rel. Guagliardo · 1960-01-18United States v. Raines · 1960-02-29Elkins v. United States · 1960-06-27John Fitzgerald Kennedy takes office · 1961-01-20Electoral votes for Washington, D.C. · 1961-03-29Bay of Pigs invasion · 1961-04-17Bay of Pigs invasion · 1961-04-21James v. United States · 1961-05-15Mapp v. Ohio · 1961-06-19Vietnam: South Vietnam vs. the Viet Cong · 1962-01-01Baker v. Carr · 1962-03-26Byron Raymond White — Associate Justice · 1962-04-12Engel v. Vitale · 1962-06-25Arthur Joseph Goldberg — Associate Justice · 1962-09-28Smith v. Evening News Association · 1962-12-10Local No. 438 Construction & General Laborers' Union v. Curry · 1963-01-21Kennedy v. Mendoza-Martinez · 1963-02-18Gideon v. Wainwright · 1963-03-18Gray v. Sanders · 1963-03-18Fay v. Noia · 1963-03-18Ferguson v. Skrupa · 1963-04-22School District of Abington Township v. Schempp · 1963-06-17Lyndon Baines Johnson takes office · 1963-11-22Clean Air Act · 1963-12-17Laotian Civil War · 1963-12-31Abolition of poll taxes in federal elections · 1964-01-23Wesberry v. Sanders · 1964-02-17New York Times Co. v. Sullivan · 1964-03-09Schneider v. Rusk · 1964-05-18Reynolds v. Sims · 1964-06-15Malloy v. Hogan · 1964-06-15Murphy v. Waterfront Commission of New York Harbor · 1964-06-15Jackson v. Denno · 1964-06-22Escobedo v. Illinois · 1964-06-22Aptheker v. Secretary of State · 1964-06-22Civil Rights Act of 1964 · 1964-07-02Gulf of Tonkin Resolution · 1964-08-10McLaughlin v. Florida · 1964-12-07Heart of Atlanta Motel, Inc. v. United States · 1964-12-14Vietnam: South Vietnam vs. the Viet Cong · 1965-01-01Lyndon Baines Johnson takes office · 1965-01-20Pointer v. Texas · 1965-04-05Elementary and Secondary Education Act · 1965-04-11Lamont v. Postmaster General · 1965-05-24United States v. Brown · 1965-06-07Griswold v. Connecticut · 1965-06-07Social Security Amendments of 1965 · 1965-07-30Voting Rights Act of 1965 · 1965-08-06Abe Fortas — Associate Justice · 1965-08-11United States Department of Housing and Urban Development · 1965-09-09Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 · 1965-10-03Higher Education Act of 1965 · 1965-11-08Albertson v. Subversive Activities Control Board · 1965-11-15Swift & Co., Inc. v. Wickham · 1965-11-22United States v. Romano · 1965-11-22Harris v. United States · 1965-12-06Vietnam War · 1965-12-31South Carolina v. Katzenbach · 1966-03-07Harper v. Virginia Board of Elections · 1966-03-24Miranda v. Arizona · 1966-06-13Freedom of Information Act · 1966-07-04United States Department of Transportation · 1966-10-15Spevack v. Klein · 1967-01-16Keyishian v. Board of Regents of the University of the State of New York · 1967-01-23Presidential succession and disability · 1967-02-10Afroyim v. Rusk · 1967-05-29Warden v. Hayden · 1967-05-29Camara v. Municipal Court of the City and County of San Francisco · 1967-06-05Loving v. Virginia · 1967-06-12Berger v. New York · 1967-06-12Thurgood Marshall — Associate Justice · 1967-08-30United States v. Robel · 1967-12-11Katz v. United States · 1967-12-18Marchetti v. United States · 1968-01-29Grosso v. United States · 1968-01-29Haynes v. United States · 1968-01-29United States v. Jackson · 1968-04-08Civil Rights Act of 1968 · 1968-04-11Peyton v. Rowe · 1968-05-20Bruton v. United States · 1968-05-20Duncan v. Louisiana · 1968-05-20Carafas v. Lavallee · 1968-05-20Terry v. Ohio · 1968-06-10Lee v. Florida · 1968-06-17Jones v. Alfred H. Mayer Co. · 1968-06-17Richard Milhous Nixon takes office · 1969-01-20Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District · 1969-02-24Moore v. Ogilvie · 1969-05-05Leary v. United States · 1969-05-19O'Callahan v. Parker · 1969-06-02Brandenburg v. Ohio · 1969-06-09Lear, Inc. v. Adkins · 1969-06-16Warren Earl Burger — Chief Justice · 1969-06-23Chimel v. California · 1969-06-23Benton v. Maryland · 1969-06-23Cambodian Civil War · 1970-01-01National Environmental Policy Act · 1970-01-01Turner v. United States · 1970-01-20Ashe v. Swenson · 1970-04-06Harry Andrew Blackmun — Associate Justice · 1970-05-14Schacht v. United States · 1970-05-25Boys Markets, Inc. v. Retail Clerks Union · 1970-06-01Price v. Georgia · 1970-06-15Moragne v. States Marine Lines, Inc. · 1970-06-15Williams v. Florida · 1970-06-22Oregon v. Mitchell · 1970-12-21Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) · 1970-12-29Gulf of Tonkin Resolution repealed · 1971-01-12Blount v. Rizzi · 1971-01-14United States v. United States Coin & Currency · 1971-04-05Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education · 1971-04-20Blonder-Tongue Laboratories, Inc. v. University of Illinois Foundation · 1971-05-03Perez v. Campbell · 1971-06-01Griffin v. Breckenridge · 1971-06-07Lemon v. Kurtzman · 1971-06-28Tilton v. Richardson · 1971-06-28New York Times Co. v. United States · 1971-06-30United States Post Office Department · 1971-07-01Voting age lowered to 18 · 1971-07-01Lewis Franklin Powell, Jr. — Associate Justice · 1971-12-09William Hubbs Rehnquist — Associate Justice · 1971-12-15Dunn v. Blumstein · 1972-03-21Illinois v. City of Milwaukee · 1972-04-24Andrews v. Louisville & Nashville Railroad Co. · 1972-05-15Furman v. Georgia · 1972-06-29Clean Water Act · 1972-10-18Richard Milhous Nixon takes office · 1973-01-20Roe v. Wade · 1973-01-22Lehnhausen v. Lake Shore Auto Parts Co. · 1973-02-22Braden v. 30th Judicial Circuit Court of Kentucky · 1973-02-28Vietnam War · 1973-03-30Frontiero v. Richardson · 1973-05-14Miller v. California · 1973-06-21United States Department of Agriculture v. Murry · 1973-06-25United States Department of Agriculture v. Moreno · 1973-06-25Laotian Civil War · 1973-09-15War Powers Resolution · 1973-11-07War Powers Resolution · 1973-11-07North Dakota State Board of Pharmacy v. Snyder's Drug Stores, Inc. · 1973-12-05Endangered Species Act of 1973 · 1973-12-28Cambodian Civil War · 1974-01-01Edelman v. Jordan · 1974-03-25Mitchell v. W. T. Grant Co. · 1974-05-13Jimenez v. Weinberger · 1974-06-19United States v. Nixon · 1974-07-24Gerald Rudolph Ford Jr. takes office · 1974-08-09Taylor v. Louisiana · 1975-01-21Weinberger v. Wiesenfeld · 1975-03-19United States v. Reliable Transfer Co., Inc. · 1975-05-19John Paul Stevens — Associate Justice · 1975-12-17Michelin Tire Corp. v. Wages · 1976-01-14Buckley v. Valeo · 1976-01-30Hudgens v. National Labor Relations Board · 1976-03-03Virginia State Board of Pharmacy v. Virginia Citizens Consumer Council, Inc. · 1976-05-24Hampton v. Mow Sun Wong · 1976-06-01National League of Cities v. Usery · 1976-06-24Lodge 76 v. Wisconsin Employment Relations Commission · 1976-06-25City of New Orleans v. Dukes · 1976-06-25Gregg v. Georgia · 1976-07-02Craig v. Boren · 1976-12-20Oregon ex rel. State Land Board v. Corvallis Sand & Gravel Co. · 1977-01-12James Earl Carter takes office · 1977-01-20Califano v. Goldfarb · 1977-03-02Complete Auto Transit, Inc. v. Brady · 1977-03-07Continental T.V., Inc. v. GTE Sylvania Inc. · 1977-06-23Wainwright v. Sykes · 1977-06-23Shaffer v. Heitner · 1977-06-24United States Department of Energy · 1977-08-04Department of Revenue of Washington v. Association of Washington Stevedoring Companies · 1978-04-26Marshall v. Barlow's, Inc. · 1978-05-23Monell v. Department of Social Services of the City of New York · 1978-06-06Burks v. United States · 1978-06-14United States v. Scott · 1978-06-14Regents of the University of California v. Bakke · 1978-06-26Duren v. Missouri · 1979-01-09Hughes v. Oklahoma · 1979-04-24Califano v. Westcott · 1979-06-25United States Department of Education · 1979-10-17Trammel v. United States · 1980-02-27United States Department of Health, Education, and Welfare · 1980-05-04United States Department of Health and Human Services · 1980-05-04United States v. Salvucci · 1980-06-25Thomas v. Washington Gas Light Co. · 1980-06-27United States v. Will · 1980-12-15Ronald Wilson Reagan takes office · 1981-01-20Commonwealth Edison Co. v. Montana · 1981-07-02Sandra Day O'Connor — Associate Justice · 1981-09-22Railway Labor Executives' Assn. v. Gibbons · 1982-03-02United States v. Ross · 1982-06-01Northern Pipeline Construction Co. v. Marathon Pipe Line Co. · 1982-06-28Sporhase v. Nebraska ex rel. Douglas · 1982-07-02Lebanese Civil War (Multinational Force) · 1983-01-01United States v. Grace · 1983-04-20Bob Jones University v. United States · 1983-05-24Illinois v. Gates · 1983-06-08Immigration and Naturalization Service v. Chadha · 1983-06-23Bolger v. Youngs Drug Products Corp. · 1983-06-24Michigan v. Long · 1983-07-06Multinational Force in Lebanon Resolution · 1983-10-12Invasion of Grenada · 1983-10-25Invasion of Grenada · 1983-10-28Pennhurst State School and Hospital v. Halderman · 1984-01-23United States v. One Assortment of 89 Firearms · 1984-02-22Limbach v. Hooven & Allison Co. · 1984-04-18Copperweld Corp. v. Independence Tube Corp. · 1984-06-19Chevron U. S. A. Inc. v. Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc. · 1984-06-25Federal Communications Commission v. League of Women Voters of California · 1984-07-02Regan v. Time, Inc. · 1984-07-03Lebanese Civil War (Multinational Force) · 1985-01-01Ronald Wilson Reagan takes office · 1985-01-20Garcia v. San Antonio Metropolitan Transit Authority · 1985-02-19Federal Election Commission v. National Conservative Political Action Committee · 1985-03-18United States v. Miller · 1985-04-01Aguilar v. Felton · 1985-07-01Daniels v. Williams · 1986-01-21United States v. Lane · 1986-01-27Batson v. Kentucky · 1986-04-30Bowsher v. Synar · 1986-07-07William Hubbs Rehnquist — Chief Justice · 1986-09-25Antonin Scalia — Associate Justice · 1986-09-25Tax Reform Act of 1986 · 1986-10-22Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 (Simpson-Mazzoli Act) · 1986-11-06Federal Election Commission v. Massachusetts Citizens for Life, Inc. · 1986-12-15Hodel v. Irving · 1987-05-18Puerto Rico v. Branstad · 1987-06-23Tyler Pipe Industries, Inc. v. Washington State Department of Revenue · 1987-06-23Solorio v. United States · 1987-06-25Welch v. Texas Department of Highways and Public Transportation · 1987-06-25Anthony McLeod Kennedy — Associate Justice · 1988-02-11Gulfstream Aerospace Corporation v. Mayacamas Corporation · 1988-03-22Boos v. Marion S. Barry, Jr. · 1988-03-22South Carolina v. Baker · 1988-04-20Morrison v. Olson · 1988-06-27George Herbert Walker Bush takes office · 1989-01-20United States Department of Veterans Affairs · 1989-03-15Thornburgh v. Abbott · 1989-05-15Rodriguez de Quijas v. Shearson/American Express, Inc. · 1989-05-15Alabama v. Smith · 1989-06-12Healy v. The Beer Institute · 1989-06-19Texas v. Johnson · 1989-06-21Sable Communications of California, Inc. v. Federal Communications Commission · 1989-06-23Invasion of Panama · 1989-12-23Invasion of Panama · 1989-12-24W. S. Kirkpatrick & Co., Inc. v. Environmental Tectonics Corp. · 1990-01-17United States v. Shawn D. Eichman · 1990-06-11Collins v. Youngblood · 1990-06-21Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 · 1990-07-26David Hackett Souter — Associate Justice · 1990-10-03Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Iraq · 1991-01-14Gulf War · 1991-01-17Gulf War · 1991-03-02Arizona v. Fulminante · 1991-03-26California v. Acevedo · 1991-05-30Exxon Corporation v. Central Gulf Lines, Inc. · 1991-06-03Metropolitan Washington Airports Authority v. Citizens for the Abatement of Aircraft Noise, Inc. · 1991-06-17Coleman v. Thompson · 1991-06-24Pervis Tyrone Payne v. Tennessee · 1991-06-27Clarence Thomas — Associate Justice · 1991-10-18J. C. Keeney v. Tamayo-Reyes · 1992-05-04Congressional pay changes · 1992-05-07Quill Corporation v. North Dakota by and Through Its Tax Commissioner · 1992-05-26New York v. United States · 1992-06-19Planned Parenthood of Southeastern Pennsylvania v. Casey · 1992-06-29William Jefferson Clinton takes office · 1993-01-20United States v. Dixon · 1993-06-28Ruth Bader Ginsburg — Associate Justice · 1993-08-05Nichols v. United States · 1994-06-06Director v. Greenwich Collieries · 1994-06-20Stephen Gerald Breyer — Associate Justice · 1994-08-03United States v. National Treasury Employees Union · 1995-02-22Ed Plaut v. Spendthrift Farm, Inc. · 1995-04-18Rubin v. Coors Brewing Company · 1995-04-19United States v. Alfonso Lopez, Jr. · 1995-04-26Hubbard v. United States · 1995-05-15U.S. Term Limits, Inc. v. Ray Thornton · 1995-05-22Adarand Constructors, Inc. v. Federico Pena · 1995-06-12United States v. Gaudin · 1995-06-19Telecommunications Act of 1996 · 1996-02-08Fulton Corporation v. Janice H. Faulkner · 1996-02-21Seminole Tribe of Florida v. Florida · 1996-03-27Inc. v. Rhode Island and Rhode Island Liquor Stores Association · 1996-05-13United States v. International Business Machines Corporation · 1996-06-10Lewis v. Fletcher Casey, Jr. · 1996-06-24Colorado Republican Federal Campaign Committee and Douglas Jones v. Federal Election Commission · 1996-06-26Denver Area Educational Telecommunications Consortium, Inc. v. Federal Communications Commission · 1996-06-28Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996 · 1996-08-22William Jefferson Clinton takes office · 1997-01-20Babbitt v. Marvin K. Youpee, Sr. · 1997-01-21Clinton v. Paula Corbin Jones · 1997-05-27Rachel Agostini v. Betty-Louise Felton · 1997-06-23City of Boerne v. P. F. Flores · 1997-06-25Reno v. American Civil Liberties Union · 1997-06-26Jay Printz v. United States · 1997-06-27State Oil Company v. Barkat U. Khan and Khan & Associates, Inc. · 1997-11-04Hudson v. United States · 1997-12-10C. Elvin Feltner, Jr. v. Columbia Pictures Television, Inc. · 1998-03-31United States v. United States Shoe Corporation · 1998-03-31Arnold F. Hohn v. United States · 1998-06-15United States v. Hosep Krikor Bajakajian · 1998-06-22Clinton v. City of New York · 1998-06-25Eastern Enterprises v. Apfel · 1998-06-25Kosovo War · 1999-03-24Minnesota v. Mille Lacs Band of Chippewa Indians · 1999-03-24Greater New Orleans Broadcasting Association, Inc. v. United States · 1999-06-14Florida Prepaid Postsecondary Education Expense Board v. College Savings Bank and United States · 1999-06-23College Savings Bank v. Florida Prepaid Postsecondary Education Expense Board · 1999-06-23Alden v. Maine · 1999-06-23Kosovo War · 1999-11-22J. Daniel Kimel, Jr. v. Florida Board of Regents · 2000-01-11United States v. Morrison · 2000-05-15United States v. Playboy Entertainment Group, Inc. · 2000-05-22Dickerson v. United States · 2000-06-26Guy Mitchell v. Helms · 2000-06-28Bush v. Gore · 2000-12-12George Walker Bush takes office · 2001-01-20Board of Trustees of the University of Alabama v. Garrett · 2001-02-21Legal Services Corporation v. Carmen Velazquez · 2001-02-28United States v. Hatter · 2001-05-21United States and Department of Agriculture v. United Foods, Inc. · 2001-06-25War against al-Qaida · 2001-09-11Authorization for Use of Military Force (2001) · 2001-09-18Invasion of Afghanistan · 2001-10-07Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism (USA PATRIOT ACT) Act of 2001 · 2001-10-26Invasion of Afghanistan · 2001-11-14No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 · 2002-01-08Ashcroft v. The Free Speech Coalition · 2002-04-16Tommy G. Thompson v. Western States Medical Center · 2002-04-29Lapides v. Board of Regents of the University System of Georgia · 2002-05-13United States v. Cotton · 2002-05-20Daryl Renard Atkins v. Virginia · 2002-06-20Ring v. Arizona · 2002-06-24Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 · 2002-07-30Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Iraq (2002) · 2002-10-16United States Department of Homeland Security · 2002-11-25Homeland Security Act of 2002 · 2002-11-25War in Afghanistan (Taliban insurgency) · 2003-01-01Invasion of Iraq · 2003-03-23Invasion of Iraq · 2003-04-29Grutter v. Lee Bollinger · 2003-06-23Lawrence v. Texas · 2003-06-26Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act of 2003 · 2003-12-08Mitch McConnell v. Federal Election Commission · 2003-12-10Iraq: insurgency and war against IS · 2004-01-18Crawford v. Washington · 2004-03-08Hamdi v. Rumsfeld · 2004-06-28United States v. Freddie J. Booker · 2005-01-12George Walker Bush takes office · 2005-01-20Roper v. Simmons · 2005-03-01Susette Kelo v. City of New London · 2005-06-23John Glover Roberts, Jr. — Chief Justice · 2005-09-29Central Virginia Community College v. Katz · 2006-01-23Samuel A. Alito, Jr. — Associate Justice · 2006-01-31Illinois Tool Works Inc. v. Independent Ink, Inc. · 2006-03-01Salim Ahmed Hamdan v. Rumsfeld · 2006-06-29Massachusetts v. Environmental Protection Agency · 2007-04-02Alberto R. Gonzales v. Leroy Carhart · 2007-04-18Bell Atlantic Corporation v. Twombly · 2007-05-21Bowles v. Russell · 2007-06-14Federal Election Commission v. Wisconsin Right to Life, Inc. · 2007-06-25Parents Involved in Community Schools v. Seattle School District No. 1 · 2007-06-28Leegin Creative Leather Products, Inc. v. PSKS, Inc. · 2007-06-28Boumediene v. Bush · 2008-06-12District of Columbia v. Heller · 2008-06-26Davis v. FEC · 2008-06-26Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008 · 2008-10-03Yemen: Houthis and AQAP · 2009-01-01Barack Hussein Obama takes office · 2009-01-20Cordell Pearson v. Afton Callahan · 2009-01-21American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 · 2009-02-17Montejo v. Louisiana · 2009-05-26Sonia Sotomayor — Associate Justice · 2009-08-06Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission · 2010-01-21Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act · 2010-03-23United States v. Stevens · 2010-04-20Free Enterprise Fund and Beckstead and Watts v. Public Company Accounting Oversight Board · 2010-06-28Otis McDonald v. City of Chicago · 2010-06-28Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act · 2010-07-21Elena Kagan — Associate Justice · 2010-08-06Pepper v. United States · 2011-03-02Bond v. United States · 2011-06-16Stern v. Elaine T. Marshall · 2011-06-23Iraq: insurgency and war against IS · 2011-12-19Hosanna-Tabor Evangelical Lutheran Church and School v. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission · 2012-01-11Coleman v. Court of Appeals of Maryland · 2012-03-20United States v. Xavier Alvarez · 2012-06-28National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius · 2012-06-28Barack Hussein Obama takes office · 2013-01-20Alleyne v. United States · 2013-06-17Agency for International Development v. Alliance for Open Society International, Inc. · 2013-06-20Shelby County v. Holder · 2013-06-25United States v. Windsor · 2013-06-26McCutcheon v. FEC · 2014-04-02Iraq: insurgency and war against IS · 2014-08-08Yemen: Houthis and AQAP · 2015-01-01Somalia: al-Shabaab · 2015-01-01Afghanistan: Islamic State · 2015-03-03Zivotofsky v. Kerry · 2015-06-08Horne v. Department of Agriculture · 2015-06-22King v. Burwell · 2015-06-25Johnson v. United States · 2015-06-26Obergefell v. Hodges · 2015-06-26Libya: Islamic State · 2016-01-01Hurst v. Florida · 2016-01-12Niger: Islamic State · 2017-01-01Donald J. Trump takes office · 2017-01-20Neil M. Gorsuch — Associate Justice · 2017-04-08Sessions v. Morales-Santana · 2017-06-12Matal v. Tam · 2017-06-19War against al-Qaida · 2017-12-05Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 · 2017-12-22Sessions v. Dimaya · 2018-04-17Murphy v. National Collegiate Athletic Association · 2018-05-14South Dakota v. Wayfair · 2018-06-21Trump v. Hawaii · 2018-06-26Janus v. American Federation of State · 2018-06-27Brett M. Kavanaugh — Associate Justice · 2018-10-06Kenya: al-Shabaab · 2019-01-01Franchise Tax Board of California v. Hyatt · 2019-05-13Herrera v. Wyoming · 2019-05-20Somalia: Islamic State · 2019-06-04Knick v. Township of Scott · 2019-06-21Iancu v. Brunetti · 2019-06-24United States v. Davis · 2019-06-24United States v. Haymond · 2019-06-26Rucho v. Common Cause · 2019-06-27War against al-Qaida · 2019-07-31War against al-Qaida · 2019-09-08Libya: Islamic State · 2019-09-30Iran–Israel conflict · 2020-01-01Allen v. Cooper · 2020-03-23Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act · 2020-03-27Ramos v. Louisiana · 2020-04-20Bostock v. Clayton County · 2020-06-15Seila Law LLC v. Consumer Financial Protection Bureau · 2020-06-29Barr v. American Association of Political Consultants Inc. · 2020-07-06Amy Coney Barrett — Associate Justice · 2020-10-26Joseph Robinette Biden Jr. takes office · 2021-01-20American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 · 2021-03-11Edwards v. Vannoy · 2021-05-17United States v. Arthrex Inc. · 2021-06-21Collins v. Yellen · 2021-06-23War in Afghanistan (Taliban insurgency) · 2021-08-31Afghanistan: Islamic State · 2021-08-31Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act · 2021-11-15Niger: JNIM · 2021-12-09Somalia: Islamic State · 2021-12-20Kenya: al-Shabaab · 2022-01-01Ketanji Brown Jackson — Associate Justice · 2022-04-08Federal Election Commission v. Ted Cruz for Senate · 2022-05-16Shinn v. Ramirez · 2022-05-23Siegel v. Fitzgerald · 2022-06-06New York State Rifle & Pistol Association Inc. v. Bruen · 2022-06-23Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization · 2022-06-24Kennedy v. Bremerton School District · 2022-06-27West Virginia v. Environmental Protection Agency · 2022-06-30CHIPS and Science Act or Creating Helpful Incentives to Produce Semiconductors for America Act · 2022-08-09Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 · 2022-08-16Niger: JNIM · 2023-01-01Niger: Islamic State · 2023-01-01Allen v. Milligan · 2023-06-08Students for Fair Admissions Inc. v. President & Fellows of Harvard College · 2023-06-29Biden v. Nebraska · 2023-06-30Red Sea: the Houthis (Yemen) · 2024-02-03Trump v. Anderson · 2024-03-04Securities and Exchange Commission v. Jarkesy · 2024-06-27Loper Bright Enterprises v. Raimondo · 2024-06-28Trump v. United States · 2024-07-01Syria: Islamic State · 2025-01-01Nigeria: Islamic State · 2025-01-01Donald J. Trump takes office · 2025-01-20Somalia: Islamic State · 2025-02-01United States v. Skrmetti · 2025-06-18Trump v. Casa, Inc. · 2025-06-27One Big Beautiful Bill Act · 2025-07-04Learning Resources v. Trump · 2026-02-20Louisiana v. Callais · 2026-04-291930194019501960197019801990200020102020
  1. justiceCharles Evans Hughes — Chief Justice
  2. justiceOwen Josephus Roberts — Associate Justice
  3. rulingGo-Bart Importing Company v. United States
  4. rulingNear v. Minnesota ex rel. Olson
  5. justiceBenjamin Nathan Cardozo — Associate Justice
  6. rulingHeiner v. Donnan
  7. rulingUnited States v. Lefkowitz
  8. rulingOzie Powell v. Alabama
  9. rulingGrau v. United States
  10. amendmentTerms of office ("Lame Duck" amendment)
  11. presidentFranklin Delano Roosevelt takes office
  12. lawSecurities Act of 1933
  13. lawGlass–Steagall Act of 1933 (Banking Act of 1933)
  14. rulingNathanson v. United States
  15. amendmentRepeal of Prohibition
  16. rulingBooth v. United States
  17. rulingLynch v. United States
  18. lawSecurities Exchange Act of 1934
  19. rulingPanama Refining Co. v. Ryan
  20. rulingPerry v. United States
  21. rulingRailroad Retirement Board v. Alton Railroad Co.
  22. rulingA. L. A. Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States
  23. rulingHumphrey's Executor v. United States
  24. rulingLouisville Joint Stock Land Bank v. Radford
  25. lawNational Labor Relations Act of 1935 (Wagner Act)
  26. lawSocial Security Act
  27. rulingHopkins Federal Savings & Loan Assn. v. Cleary
  28. rulingUnited States v. Constantine
  29. rulingUnited States v. Butler
  30. rulingRickert Rice Mills, Inc. v. Fontenot
  31. rulingCarter v. Carter Coal Co.
  32. rulingAshton v. Cameron County Water Improvement District No. One
  33. rulingUnited States v. Curtiss-Wright Export Corp.
  34. presidentFranklin Delano Roosevelt takes office
  35. rulingWest Coast Hotel Co. v. Parrish
  36. rulingNational Labor Relations Board v. Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp.
  37. justiceHugo Lafayette Black — Associate Justice
  38. justiceStanley Forman Reed — Associate Justice
  39. rulingUnited States v. Carolene Products Co.
  40. rulingErie Railroad Co. v. Tompkins
  41. lawFederal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act
  42. lawFair Labor Standards Act of 1938
  43. justiceFelix Frankfurter — Associate Justice
  44. justiceWilliam Orville Douglas — Associate Justice
  45. justiceFrank Murphy — Associate Justice
  46. lawSelective Training and Service Act of 1940
  47. presidentFranklin Delano Roosevelt takes office
  48. lawLend-Lease Act
  49. justiceJames Francis Byrnes — Associate Justice
  50. justiceHarlan Fiske Stone — Chief Justice
  51. justiceRobert Houghwout Jackson — Associate Justice
  52. war powersDeclaration of war on Japan
  53. war powersDeclarations of war on Germany and Italy
  54. war powersDeclarations of war on Bulgaria, Hungary, and Romania
  55. rulingWickard v. Filburn
  56. justiceWiley Blount Rutledge — Associate Justice
  57. rulingTot v. United States
  58. rulingWest Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette
  59. rulingSmith v. Allwright
  60. lawServicemen's Readjustment Act of 1944 (G.I. Bill)
  61. rulingKorematsu v. United States
  62. rulingUnited States v. General Motors Corp
  63. presidentFranklin Delano Roosevelt takes office
  64. presidentHarry S. Truman takes office
  65. justiceHarold Hitz Burton — Associate Justice
  66. rulingUnited States v. Lovett
  67. justiceFrederick Moore Vinson — Chief Justice
  68. rulingHalliburton Oil Well Cementing Co. v. Walker
  69. rulingMacgregor v. Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Co.
  70. rulingAngel v. Bullington
  71. lawTaft–Hartley Act
  72. lawNational Security Act of 1947
  73. agency−United States Department of War
  74. agency+National Military Establishment
  75. rulingShelley v. Kraemer
  76. rulingSherrer v. Sherrer
  77. rulingLincoln Federal Labor Union v. Northwestern Iron & Metal Co.
  78. rulingCommissioner of Internal Revenue v. Estate of Church
  79. presidentHarry S. Truman takes office
  80. rulingOtt v. Mississippi Valley Barge Line Co.
  81. rulingOklahoma Tax Commission v. Texas Company
  82. rulingCosmopolitan Shipping Co. v. McAllister
  83. agency−National Military Establishment
  84. agency+United States Department of Defense
  85. justiceTom C. Clark — Associate Justice
  86. justiceSherman Minton — Associate Justice
  87. rulingUnited States v. Rabinowitz
  88. rulingDarr v. Burford
  89. war+Korean War
  90. war+Puerto Rican Nationalist uprising
  91. war−Puerto Rican Nationalist uprising
  92. amendmentPresidential term limits
  93. rulingStandard Oil Co. v. Peck
  94. rulingJoseph Burstyn, Inc. v. Wilson
  95. rulingYoungstown Sheet & Tube Co. v. Sawyer
  96. rulingUnited States v. Cardiff
  97. presidentDwight David Eisenhower takes office
  98. agency+United States Department of Health, Education, and Welfare
  99. war−Korean War
  100. justiceEarl Warren — Chief Justice
  101. rulingBrown v. Board of Education of Topeka
  102. rulingBolling v. Sharpe
  103. war+Taiwan Strait crisis
  104. war−Taiwan Strait crisis
  105. justiceJohn Marshall Harlan — Associate Justice
  106. rulingBrown v. Board of Education of Topeka
  107. rulingCarroll v. Lanza
  108. rulingUnited States ex rel. Toth v. Quarles
  109. lawFederal Aid Highway Act of 1956
  110. presidentDwight David Eisenhower takes office
  111. justiceWilliam Joseph Brennan, Jr. — Associate Justice
  112. justiceCharles Evans Whittaker — Associate Justice
  113. rulingReid v. Covert
  114. rulingVanderbilt v. Vanderbilt
  115. rulingTrop v. Dulles
  116. rulingCooper v. Aaron
  117. rulingLadner v. United States
  118. war+Taiwan Strait crisis
  119. war−Taiwan Strait crisis
  120. stateAlaska
  121. justicePotter Stewart — Associate Justice
  122. stateHawaii
  123. rulingKinsella v. United States ex rel. Singleton
  124. rulingGrisham v. Hagan
  125. rulingMcElroy v. United States ex rel. Guagliardo
  126. rulingUnited States v. Raines
  127. rulingElkins v. United States
  128. presidentJohn Fitzgerald Kennedy takes office
  129. amendmentElectoral votes for Washington, D.C.
  130. war+Bay of Pigs invasion
  131. war−Bay of Pigs invasion
  132. rulingJames v. United States
  133. rulingMapp v. Ohio
  134. war+Vietnam: South Vietnam vs. the Viet Cong
  135. rulingBaker v. Carr
  136. justiceByron Raymond White — Associate Justice
  137. rulingEngel v. Vitale
  138. justiceArthur Joseph Goldberg — Associate Justice
  139. rulingSmith v. Evening News Association
  140. rulingLocal No. 438 Construction & General Laborers' Union v. Curry
  141. rulingKennedy v. Mendoza-Martinez
  142. rulingGideon v. Wainwright
  143. rulingGray v. Sanders
  144. rulingFay v. Noia
  145. rulingFerguson v. Skrupa
  146. rulingSchool District of Abington Township v. Schempp
  147. presidentLyndon Baines Johnson takes office
  148. lawClean Air Act
  149. war+Laotian Civil War
  150. amendmentAbolition of poll taxes in federal elections
  151. rulingWesberry v. Sanders
  152. rulingNew York Times Co. v. Sullivan
  153. rulingSchneider v. Rusk
  154. rulingReynolds v. Sims
  155. rulingMalloy v. Hogan
  156. rulingMurphy v. Waterfront Commission of New York Harbor
  157. rulingJackson v. Denno
  158. rulingEscobedo v. Illinois
  159. rulingAptheker v. Secretary of State
  160. lawCivil Rights Act of 1964
  161. war powersGulf of Tonkin Resolution
  162. rulingMcLaughlin v. Florida
  163. rulingHeart of Atlanta Motel, Inc. v. United States
  164. war−Vietnam: South Vietnam vs. the Viet Cong
  165. presidentLyndon Baines Johnson takes office
  166. rulingPointer v. Texas
  167. lawElementary and Secondary Education Act
  168. rulingLamont v. Postmaster General
  169. rulingUnited States v. Brown
  170. rulingGriswold v. Connecticut
  171. lawSocial Security Amendments of 1965
  172. lawVoting Rights Act of 1965
  173. justiceAbe Fortas — Associate Justice
  174. agency+United States Department of Housing and Urban Development
  175. lawImmigration and Nationality Act of 1965
  176. lawHigher Education Act of 1965
  177. rulingAlbertson v. Subversive Activities Control Board
  178. rulingSwift & Co., Inc. v. Wickham
  179. rulingUnited States v. Romano
  180. rulingHarris v. United States
  181. war+Vietnam War
  182. rulingSouth Carolina v. Katzenbach
  183. rulingHarper v. Virginia Board of Elections
  184. rulingMiranda v. Arizona
  185. lawFreedom of Information Act
  186. agency+United States Department of Transportation
  187. rulingSpevack v. Klein
  188. rulingKeyishian v. Board of Regents of the University of the State of New York
  189. amendmentPresidential succession and disability
  190. rulingAfroyim v. Rusk
  191. rulingWarden v. Hayden
  192. rulingCamara v. Municipal Court of the City and County of San Francisco
  193. rulingLoving v. Virginia
  194. rulingBerger v. New York
  195. justiceThurgood Marshall — Associate Justice
  196. rulingUnited States v. Robel
  197. rulingKatz v. United States
  198. rulingMarchetti v. United States
  199. rulingGrosso v. United States
  200. rulingHaynes v. United States
  201. rulingUnited States v. Jackson
  202. lawCivil Rights Act of 1968
  203. rulingPeyton v. Rowe
  204. rulingBruton v. United States
  205. rulingDuncan v. Louisiana
  206. rulingCarafas v. Lavallee
  207. rulingTerry v. Ohio
  208. rulingLee v. Florida
  209. rulingJones v. Alfred H. Mayer Co.
  210. presidentRichard Milhous Nixon takes office
  211. rulingTinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District
  212. rulingMoore v. Ogilvie
  213. rulingLeary v. United States
  214. rulingO'Callahan v. Parker
  215. rulingBrandenburg v. Ohio
  216. rulingLear, Inc. v. Adkins
  217. justiceWarren Earl Burger — Chief Justice
  218. rulingChimel v. California
  219. rulingBenton v. Maryland
  220. war+Cambodian Civil War
  221. lawNational Environmental Policy Act
  222. rulingTurner v. United States
  223. rulingAshe v. Swenson
  224. justiceHarry Andrew Blackmun — Associate Justice
  225. rulingSchacht v. United States
  226. rulingBoys Markets, Inc. v. Retail Clerks Union
  227. rulingPrice v. Georgia
  228. rulingMoragne v. States Marine Lines, Inc.
  229. rulingWilliams v. Florida
  230. rulingOregon v. Mitchell
  231. lawOccupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA)
  232. war powersGulf of Tonkin Resolution repealed
  233. rulingBlount v. Rizzi
  234. rulingUnited States v. United States Coin & Currency
  235. rulingSwann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education
  236. rulingBlonder-Tongue Laboratories, Inc. v. University of Illinois Foundation
  237. rulingPerez v. Campbell
  238. rulingGriffin v. Breckenridge
  239. rulingLemon v. Kurtzman
  240. rulingTilton v. Richardson
  241. rulingNew York Times Co. v. United States
  242. agency−United States Post Office Department
  243. amendmentVoting age lowered to 18
  244. justiceLewis Franklin Powell, Jr. — Associate Justice
  245. justiceWilliam Hubbs Rehnquist — Associate Justice
  246. rulingDunn v. Blumstein
  247. rulingIllinois v. City of Milwaukee
  248. rulingAndrews v. Louisville & Nashville Railroad Co.
  249. rulingFurman v. Georgia
  250. lawClean Water Act
  251. presidentRichard Milhous Nixon takes office
  252. rulingRoe v. Wade
  253. rulingLehnhausen v. Lake Shore Auto Parts Co.
  254. rulingBraden v. 30th Judicial Circuit Court of Kentucky
  255. war−Vietnam War
  256. rulingFrontiero v. Richardson
  257. rulingMiller v. California
  258. rulingUnited States Department of Agriculture v. Murry
  259. rulingUnited States Department of Agriculture v. Moreno
  260. war−Laotian Civil War
  261. war powersWar Powers Resolution
  262. lawWar Powers Resolution
  263. rulingNorth Dakota State Board of Pharmacy v. Snyder's Drug Stores, Inc.
  264. lawEndangered Species Act of 1973
  265. war−Cambodian Civil War
  266. rulingEdelman v. Jordan
  267. rulingMitchell v. W. T. Grant Co.
  268. rulingJimenez v. Weinberger
  269. rulingUnited States v. Nixon
  270. presidentGerald Rudolph Ford Jr. takes office
  271. rulingTaylor v. Louisiana
  272. rulingWeinberger v. Wiesenfeld
  273. rulingUnited States v. Reliable Transfer Co., Inc.
  274. justiceJohn Paul Stevens — Associate Justice
  275. rulingMichelin Tire Corp. v. Wages
  276. rulingBuckley v. Valeo
  277. rulingHudgens v. National Labor Relations Board
  278. rulingVirginia State Board of Pharmacy v. Virginia Citizens Consumer Council, Inc.
  279. rulingHampton v. Mow Sun Wong
  280. rulingNational League of Cities v. Usery
  281. rulingLodge 76 v. Wisconsin Employment Relations Commission
  282. rulingCity of New Orleans v. Dukes
  283. rulingGregg v. Georgia
  284. rulingCraig v. Boren
  285. rulingOregon ex rel. State Land Board v. Corvallis Sand & Gravel Co.
  286. presidentJames Earl Carter takes office
  287. rulingCalifano v. Goldfarb
  288. rulingComplete Auto Transit, Inc. v. Brady
  289. rulingContinental T.V., Inc. v. GTE Sylvania Inc.
  290. rulingWainwright v. Sykes
  291. rulingShaffer v. Heitner
  292. agency+United States Department of Energy
  293. rulingDepartment of Revenue of Washington v. Association of Washington Stevedoring Companies
  294. rulingMarshall v. Barlow's, Inc.
  295. rulingMonell v. Department of Social Services of the City of New York
  296. rulingBurks v. United States
  297. rulingUnited States v. Scott
  298. rulingRegents of the University of California v. Bakke
  299. rulingDuren v. Missouri
  300. rulingHughes v. Oklahoma
  301. rulingCalifano v. Westcott
  302. agency+United States Department of Education
  303. rulingTrammel v. United States
  304. agency−United States Department of Health, Education, and Welfare
  305. agency+United States Department of Health and Human Services
  306. rulingUnited States v. Salvucci
  307. rulingThomas v. Washington Gas Light Co.
  308. rulingUnited States v. Will
  309. presidentRonald Wilson Reagan takes office
  310. rulingCommonwealth Edison Co. v. Montana
  311. justiceSandra Day O'Connor — Associate Justice
  312. rulingRailway Labor Executives' Assn. v. Gibbons
  313. rulingUnited States v. Ross
  314. rulingNorthern Pipeline Construction Co. v. Marathon Pipe Line Co.
  315. rulingSporhase v. Nebraska ex rel. Douglas
  316. war+Lebanese Civil War (Multinational Force)
  317. rulingUnited States v. Grace
  318. rulingBob Jones University v. United States
  319. rulingIllinois v. Gates
  320. rulingImmigration and Naturalization Service v. Chadha
  321. rulingBolger v. Youngs Drug Products Corp.
  322. rulingMichigan v. Long
  323. war powersMultinational Force in Lebanon Resolution
  324. war+Invasion of Grenada
  325. war−Invasion of Grenada
  326. rulingPennhurst State School and Hospital v. Halderman
  327. rulingUnited States v. One Assortment of 89 Firearms
  328. rulingLimbach v. Hooven & Allison Co.
  329. rulingCopperweld Corp. v. Independence Tube Corp.
  330. rulingChevron U. S. A. Inc. v. Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc.
  331. rulingFederal Communications Commission v. League of Women Voters of California
  332. rulingRegan v. Time, Inc.
  333. war−Lebanese Civil War (Multinational Force)
  334. presidentRonald Wilson Reagan takes office
  335. rulingGarcia v. San Antonio Metropolitan Transit Authority
  336. rulingFederal Election Commission v. National Conservative Political Action Committee
  337. rulingUnited States v. Miller
  338. rulingAguilar v. Felton
  339. rulingDaniels v. Williams
  340. rulingUnited States v. Lane
  341. rulingBatson v. Kentucky
  342. rulingBowsher v. Synar
  343. justiceWilliam Hubbs Rehnquist — Chief Justice
  344. justiceAntonin Scalia — Associate Justice
  345. lawTax Reform Act of 1986
  346. lawImmigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 (Simpson-Mazzoli Act)
  347. rulingFederal Election Commission v. Massachusetts Citizens for Life, Inc.
  348. rulingHodel v. Irving
  349. rulingPuerto Rico v. Branstad
  350. rulingTyler Pipe Industries, Inc. v. Washington State Department of Revenue
  351. rulingSolorio v. United States
  352. rulingWelch v. Texas Department of Highways and Public Transportation
  353. justiceAnthony McLeod Kennedy — Associate Justice
  354. rulingGulfstream Aerospace Corporation v. Mayacamas Corporation
  355. rulingBoos v. Marion S. Barry, Jr.
  356. rulingSouth Carolina v. Baker
  357. rulingMorrison v. Olson
  358. presidentGeorge Herbert Walker Bush takes office
  359. agency+United States Department of Veterans Affairs
  360. rulingThornburgh v. Abbott
  361. rulingRodriguez de Quijas v. Shearson/American Express, Inc.
  362. rulingAlabama v. Smith
  363. rulingHealy v. The Beer Institute
  364. rulingTexas v. Johnson
  365. rulingSable Communications of California, Inc. v. Federal Communications Commission
  366. war+Invasion of Panama
  367. war−Invasion of Panama
  368. rulingW. S. Kirkpatrick & Co., Inc. v. Environmental Tectonics Corp.
  369. rulingUnited States v. Shawn D. Eichman
  370. rulingCollins v. Youngblood
  371. lawAmericans with Disabilities Act of 1990
  372. justiceDavid Hackett Souter — Associate Justice
  373. war powersAuthorization for Use of Military Force Against Iraq
  374. war+Gulf War
  375. war−Gulf War
  376. rulingArizona v. Fulminante
  377. rulingCalifornia v. Acevedo
  378. rulingExxon Corporation v. Central Gulf Lines, Inc.
  379. rulingMetropolitan Washington Airports Authority v. Citizens for the Abatement of Aircraft Noise, Inc.
  380. rulingColeman v. Thompson
  381. rulingPervis Tyrone Payne v. Tennessee
  382. justiceClarence Thomas — Associate Justice
  383. rulingJ. C. Keeney v. Tamayo-Reyes
  384. amendmentCongressional pay changes
  385. rulingQuill Corporation v. North Dakota by and Through Its Tax Commissioner
  386. rulingNew York v. United States
  387. rulingPlanned Parenthood of Southeastern Pennsylvania v. Casey
  388. presidentWilliam Jefferson Clinton takes office
  389. rulingUnited States v. Dixon
  390. justiceRuth Bader Ginsburg — Associate Justice
  391. rulingNichols v. United States
  392. rulingDirector v. Greenwich Collieries
  393. justiceStephen Gerald Breyer — Associate Justice
  394. rulingUnited States v. National Treasury Employees Union
  395. rulingEd Plaut v. Spendthrift Farm, Inc.
  396. rulingRubin v. Coors Brewing Company
  397. rulingUnited States v. Alfonso Lopez, Jr.
  398. rulingHubbard v. United States
  399. rulingU.S. Term Limits, Inc. v. Ray Thornton
  400. rulingAdarand Constructors, Inc. v. Federico Pena
  401. rulingUnited States v. Gaudin
  402. lawTelecommunications Act of 1996
  403. rulingFulton Corporation v. Janice H. Faulkner
  404. rulingSeminole Tribe of Florida v. Florida
  405. rulingInc. v. Rhode Island and Rhode Island Liquor Stores Association
  406. rulingUnited States v. International Business Machines Corporation
  407. rulingLewis v. Fletcher Casey, Jr.
  408. rulingColorado Republican Federal Campaign Committee and Douglas Jones v. Federal Election Commission
  409. rulingDenver Area Educational Telecommunications Consortium, Inc. v. Federal Communications Commission
  410. lawPersonal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996
  411. presidentWilliam Jefferson Clinton takes office
  412. rulingBabbitt v. Marvin K. Youpee, Sr.
  413. rulingClinton v. Paula Corbin Jones
  414. rulingRachel Agostini v. Betty-Louise Felton
  415. rulingCity of Boerne v. P. F. Flores
  416. rulingReno v. American Civil Liberties Union
  417. rulingJay Printz v. United States
  418. rulingState Oil Company v. Barkat U. Khan and Khan & Associates, Inc.
  419. rulingHudson v. United States
  420. rulingC. Elvin Feltner, Jr. v. Columbia Pictures Television, Inc.
  421. rulingUnited States v. United States Shoe Corporation
  422. rulingArnold F. Hohn v. United States
  423. rulingUnited States v. Hosep Krikor Bajakajian
  424. rulingClinton v. City of New York
  425. rulingEastern Enterprises v. Apfel
  426. war+Kosovo War
  427. rulingMinnesota v. Mille Lacs Band of Chippewa Indians
  428. rulingGreater New Orleans Broadcasting Association, Inc. v. United States
  429. rulingFlorida Prepaid Postsecondary Education Expense Board v. College Savings Bank and United States
  430. rulingCollege Savings Bank v. Florida Prepaid Postsecondary Education Expense Board
  431. rulingAlden v. Maine
  432. war−Kosovo War
  433. rulingJ. Daniel Kimel, Jr. v. Florida Board of Regents
  434. rulingUnited States v. Morrison
  435. rulingUnited States v. Playboy Entertainment Group, Inc.
  436. rulingDickerson v. United States
  437. rulingGuy Mitchell v. Helms
  438. rulingBush v. Gore
  439. presidentGeorge Walker Bush takes office
  440. rulingBoard of Trustees of the University of Alabama v. Garrett
  441. rulingLegal Services Corporation v. Carmen Velazquez
  442. rulingUnited States v. Hatter
  443. rulingUnited States and Department of Agriculture v. United Foods, Inc.
  444. war+War against al-Qaida
  445. war powersAuthorization for Use of Military Force (2001)
  446. war+Invasion of Afghanistan
  447. lawUniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism (USA PATRIOT ACT) Act of 2001
  448. war−Invasion of Afghanistan
  449. lawNo Child Left Behind Act of 2001
  450. rulingAshcroft v. The Free Speech Coalition
  451. rulingTommy G. Thompson v. Western States Medical Center
  452. rulingLapides v. Board of Regents of the University System of Georgia
  453. rulingUnited States v. Cotton
  454. rulingDaryl Renard Atkins v. Virginia
  455. rulingRing v. Arizona
  456. lawSarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
  457. war powersAuthorization for Use of Military Force Against Iraq (2002)
  458. agency+United States Department of Homeland Security
  459. lawHomeland Security Act of 2002
  460. war+War in Afghanistan (Taliban insurgency)
  461. war+Invasion of Iraq
  462. war−Invasion of Iraq
  463. rulingGrutter v. Lee Bollinger
  464. rulingLawrence v. Texas
  465. lawMedicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act of 2003
  466. rulingMitch McConnell v. Federal Election Commission
  467. war+Iraq: insurgency and war against IS
  468. rulingCrawford v. Washington
  469. rulingHamdi v. Rumsfeld
  470. rulingUnited States v. Freddie J. Booker
  471. presidentGeorge Walker Bush takes office
  472. rulingRoper v. Simmons
  473. rulingSusette Kelo v. City of New London
  474. justiceJohn Glover Roberts, Jr. — Chief Justice
  475. rulingCentral Virginia Community College v. Katz
  476. justiceSamuel A. Alito, Jr. — Associate Justice
  477. rulingIllinois Tool Works Inc. v. Independent Ink, Inc.
  478. rulingSalim Ahmed Hamdan v. Rumsfeld
  479. rulingMassachusetts v. Environmental Protection Agency
  480. rulingAlberto R. Gonzales v. Leroy Carhart
  481. rulingBell Atlantic Corporation v. Twombly
  482. rulingBowles v. Russell
  483. rulingFederal Election Commission v. Wisconsin Right to Life, Inc.
  484. rulingParents Involved in Community Schools v. Seattle School District No. 1
  485. rulingLeegin Creative Leather Products, Inc. v. PSKS, Inc.
  486. rulingBoumediene v. Bush
  487. rulingDistrict of Columbia v. Heller
  488. rulingDavis v. FEC
  489. lawEmergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008
  490. war+Yemen: Houthis and AQAP
  491. presidentBarack Hussein Obama takes office
  492. rulingCordell Pearson v. Afton Callahan
  493. lawAmerican Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009
  494. rulingMontejo v. Louisiana
  495. justiceSonia Sotomayor — Associate Justice
  496. rulingCitizens United v. Federal Election Commission
  497. lawPatient Protection and Affordable Care Act
  498. rulingUnited States v. Stevens
  499. rulingFree Enterprise Fund and Beckstead and Watts v. Public Company Accounting Oversight Board
  500. rulingOtis McDonald v. City of Chicago
  501. lawDodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act
  502. justiceElena Kagan — Associate Justice
  503. rulingPepper v. United States
  504. rulingBond v. United States
  505. rulingStern v. Elaine T. Marshall
  506. war−Iraq: insurgency and war against IS
  507. rulingHosanna-Tabor Evangelical Lutheran Church and School v. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
  508. rulingColeman v. Court of Appeals of Maryland
  509. rulingUnited States v. Xavier Alvarez
  510. rulingNational Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius
  511. presidentBarack Hussein Obama takes office
  512. rulingAlleyne v. United States
  513. rulingAgency for International Development v. Alliance for Open Society International, Inc.
  514. rulingShelby County v. Holder
  515. rulingUnited States v. Windsor
  516. rulingMcCutcheon v. FEC
  517. war+Iraq: insurgency and war against IS
  518. war−Yemen: Houthis and AQAP
  519. war+Somalia: al-Shabaab
  520. war+Afghanistan: Islamic State
  521. rulingZivotofsky v. Kerry
  522. rulingHorne v. Department of Agriculture
  523. rulingKing v. Burwell
  524. rulingJohnson v. United States
  525. rulingObergefell v. Hodges
  526. war+Libya: Islamic State
  527. rulingHurst v. Florida
  528. war+Niger: Islamic State
  529. presidentDonald J. Trump takes office
  530. justiceNeil M. Gorsuch — Associate Justice
  531. rulingSessions v. Morales-Santana
  532. rulingMatal v. Tam
  533. war−War against al-Qaida
  534. lawTax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017
  535. rulingSessions v. Dimaya
  536. rulingMurphy v. National Collegiate Athletic Association
  537. rulingSouth Dakota v. Wayfair
  538. rulingTrump v. Hawaii
  539. rulingJanus v. American Federation of State
  540. justiceBrett M. Kavanaugh — Associate Justice
  541. war+Kenya: al-Shabaab
  542. rulingFranchise Tax Board of California v. Hyatt
  543. rulingHerrera v. Wyoming
  544. war+Somalia: Islamic State
  545. rulingKnick v. Township of Scott
  546. rulingIancu v. Brunetti
  547. rulingUnited States v. Davis
  548. rulingUnited States v. Haymond
  549. rulingRucho v. Common Cause
  550. war+War against al-Qaida
  551. war−War against al-Qaida
  552. war−Libya: Islamic State
  553. war+Iran–Israel conflict
  554. rulingAllen v. Cooper
  555. lawCoronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act
  556. rulingRamos v. Louisiana
  557. rulingBostock v. Clayton County
  558. rulingSeila Law LLC v. Consumer Financial Protection Bureau
  559. rulingBarr v. American Association of Political Consultants Inc.
  560. justiceAmy Coney Barrett — Associate Justice
  561. presidentJoseph Robinette Biden Jr. takes office
  562. lawAmerican Rescue Plan Act of 2021
  563. rulingEdwards v. Vannoy
  564. rulingUnited States v. Arthrex Inc.
  565. rulingCollins v. Yellen
  566. war−War in Afghanistan (Taliban insurgency)
  567. war−Afghanistan: Islamic State
  568. lawInfrastructure Investment and Jobs Act
  569. war+Niger: JNIM
  570. war−Somalia: Islamic State
  571. war−Kenya: al-Shabaab
  572. justiceKetanji Brown Jackson — Associate Justice
  573. rulingFederal Election Commission v. Ted Cruz for Senate
  574. rulingShinn v. Ramirez
  575. rulingSiegel v. Fitzgerald
  576. rulingNew York State Rifle & Pistol Association Inc. v. Bruen
  577. rulingDobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization
  578. rulingKennedy v. Bremerton School District
  579. rulingWest Virginia v. Environmental Protection Agency
  580. lawCHIPS and Science Act or Creating Helpful Incentives to Produce Semiconductors for America Act
  581. lawInflation Reduction Act of 2022
  582. war−Niger: JNIM
  583. war−Niger: Islamic State
  584. rulingAllen v. Milligan
  585. rulingStudents for Fair Admissions Inc. v. President & Fellows of Harvard College
  586. rulingBiden v. Nebraska
  587. war+Red Sea: the Houthis (Yemen)
  588. rulingTrump v. Anderson
  589. rulingSecurities and Exchange Commission v. Jarkesy
  590. rulingLoper Bright Enterprises v. Raimondo
  591. rulingTrump v. United States
  592. war+Syria: Islamic State
  593. war+Nigeria: Islamic State
  594. presidentDonald J. Trump takes office
  595. war+Somalia: Islamic State
  596. rulingUnited States v. Skrmetti
  597. rulingTrump v. Casa, Inc.
  598. lawOne Big Beautiful Bill Act
  599. rulingLearning Resources v. Trump
  600. rulingLouisiana v. Callais