History / Congress

New Hampshire's at-large congressional district

147 members have held this seat since Mar 4, 1789. Vacant or no longer exists.

Holders
147
51 F · 31 R · 24 J · 22 D · 10 A · 6 U · 3 DR
Longest tenure
2 years
Samuel Livermore
Current
—
nobody
history/seat/nh-alEvery holder, newest first
+147
180018201840186018801900192019401960198020002020Samuel Livermore · 1789-03-04 – 1791-03-04 · FederalistJeremiah Smith · 1791-10-24 – 1793-03-04 · FederalistPaine Wingate · 1793-12-02 – 1795-03-04John Samuel Sherburne · 1795-12-07 – 1797-03-04 · RepublicanJeremiah Smith · 1797-05-15 – 1799-03-04 · FederalistJonathan Freeman · 1799-12-02 – 1801-03-04 · FederalistAbiel Foster · 1801-12-07 – 1803-03-04 · FederalistSamuel Hunt · 1803-10-17 – 1805-03-04 · FederalistSilas Betton · 1805-12-02 – 1807-03-04 · FederalistPeter Carleton · 1807-10-26 – 1809-03-04 · RepublicanDaniel Blaisdell · 1809-05-22 – 1811-03-04 · FederalistJosiah Bartlett Jr. · 1811-11-04 – 1813-03-04 · RepublicanSamuel Smith · 1813-05-24 – 1815-03-04 · FederalistCharles Humphrey Atherton · 1815-12-04 – 1817-03-04 · FederalistSalma Hale · 1817-12-01 – 1819-03-04 · RepublicanJoseph Buffum Jr. · 1819-12-06 – 1821-03-04 · RepublicanJosiah Butler · 1821-12-03 – 1823-03-04 · RepublicanMatthew Harvey · 1823-12-01 – 1825-03-04Nehemiah Eastman · 1825-12-05 – 1827-03-04 · AdamsDavid Barker Jr. · 1827-12-03 – 1829-03-04 · AdamsJonathan Harvey · 1829-12-07 – 1831-03-04 · JacksonJohn Brodhead · 1831-12-05 – 1833-03-04 · JacksonJoseph Morrill Harper · 1833-12-02 – 1835-03-04 · JacksonBenning Moulton Bean · 1835-12-07 – 1837-03-04 · JacksonSamuel Cushman · 1837-09-04 – 1839-03-04 · DemocratIra Allen Eastman · 1839-12-02 – 1841-03-04 · DemocratIra Allen Eastman · 1841-05-31 – 1843-03-04 · DemocratEdmund Burke · 1843-12-04 – 1845-03-04 · DemocratMace Moulton · 1845-12-01 – 1847-03-04 · DemocratFletcher Hale · 1931-12-07 – 1933-03-04 · RepublicanAbiel Foster · 1789-03-04 – 1791-03-04 · FederalistSamuel Livermore · 1791-10-24 – 1793-03-04 · FederalistJohn Samuel Sherburne · 1793-12-02 – 1795-03-04 · RepublicanJeremiah Smith · 1795-12-07 – 1797-03-04 · FederalistPeleg Sprague · 1797-05-15 – 1799-03-04 · FederalistWilliam Gordon · 1799-12-02 – 1801-03-04 · FederalistJoseph Peirce · 1801-12-07 – 1803-03-04 · FederalistSilas Betton · 1803-10-17 – 1805-03-04 · FederalistCaleb Ellis · 1805-12-02 – 1807-03-04 · FederalistDaniel Meserve Durell · 1807-10-26 – 1809-03-04 · RepublicanJohn Curtis Chamberlain · 1809-05-22 – 1811-03-04 · FederalistSamuel Dinsmoor · 1811-11-04 – 1813-03-04 · RepublicanBradbury Cilley · 1813-05-24 – 1815-03-04 · FederalistBradbury Cilley · 1815-12-04 – 1817-03-04 · FederalistClifton Clagett · 1817-12-01 – 1819-03-04 · RepublicanClifton Clagett · 1819-12-06 – 1821-03-04 · RepublicanNathaniel Upham · 1821-12-03 – 1823-03-04 · RepublicanArthur Livermore · 1823-12-01 – 1825-03-04 · RepublicanIchabod Bartlett · 1825-12-05 – 1827-03-04 · AdamsIchabod Bartlett · 1827-12-03 – 1829-03-04 · AdamsJohn Brodhead · 1829-12-07 – 1831-03-04 · JacksonThomas Chandler · 1831-12-05 – 1833-03-04 · JacksonBenning Moulton Bean · 1833-12-02 – 1835-03-04 · JacksonRobert Burns · 1835-12-07 – 1837-03-04 · JacksonJames Farrington · 1837-09-04 – 1839-03-04 · DemocratTristram Shaw · 1839-12-02 – 1841-03-04 · DemocratTristram Shaw · 1841-05-31 – 1843-03-04 · DemocratJohn Randall Reding · 1843-12-04 – 1845-03-04 · DemocratJames Hutchins Johnson · 1845-12-01 – 1847-03-04 · DemocratNicholas Gilman · 1789-03-04 – 1791-03-04 · Democratic RepublicanNicholas Gilman · 1791-10-24 – 1793-03-04 · Democratic RepublicanJeremiah Smith · 1793-12-02 – 1795-03-04 · FederalistAbiel Foster · 1795-12-07 – 1797-03-04 · FederalistJonathan Freeman · 1797-05-15 – 1799-03-04 · FederalistAbiel Foster · 1799-12-02 – 1801-03-04 · FederalistGeorge Baxter Upham · 1801-12-07 – 1803-03-04 · FederalistDavid Hough · 1803-10-17 – 1805-03-04 · FederalistDavid Hough · 1805-12-02 – 1807-03-04 · FederalistFrancis Gardner · 1807-10-26 – 1809-03-04 · RepublicanNathaniel Appleton Haven · 1809-05-22 – 1811-03-04 · FederalistObed Hall · 1811-11-04 – 1813-03-04 · RepublicanWilliam Hale · 1813-05-24 – 1815-03-04 · FederalistWilliam Hale · 1815-12-04 – 1817-03-04 · FederalistJohn Fabyan Parrott · 1817-12-01 – 1819-03-04 · RepublicanJosiah Butler · 1819-12-06 – 1821-03-04 · RepublicanMatthew Harvey · 1821-12-03 – 1823-03-04 · RepublicanAaron Matson · 1823-12-01 – 1825-03-04Titus Brown · 1825-12-05 – 1827-03-04 · AdamsTitus Brown · 1827-12-03 – 1829-03-04 · AdamsThomas Chandler · 1829-12-07 – 1831-03-04 · JacksonJoseph Hammons · 1831-12-05 – 1833-03-04 · JacksonRobert Burns · 1833-12-02 – 1835-03-04 · JacksonSamuel Cushman · 1835-12-07 – 1837-03-04 · JacksonJoseph Weeks · 1837-09-04 – 1839-03-04 · DemocratEdmund Burke · 1839-12-02 – 1841-03-04 · DemocratEdmund Burke · 1841-05-31 – 1843-03-04 · DemocratMoses Norris Jr. · 1843-12-04 – 1845-03-04 · DemocratMoses Norris Jr. · 1845-12-01 – 1847-03-04 · DemocratNicholas Gilman · 1793-12-02 – 1795-03-04 · Democratic RepublicanNicholas Gilman · 1795-12-07 – 1797-03-04 · FederalistWilliam Gordon · 1797-05-15 – 1799-03-04 · FederalistJames Sheafe · 1799-12-02 – 1801-03-04 · FederalistSamuel Hunt · 1801-12-07 – 1803-03-04 · FederalistSamuel Tenney · 1803-10-17 – 1805-03-04 · FederalistSamuel Tenney · 1805-12-02 – 1807-03-04 · FederalistJedediah Kilburn Smith · 1807-10-26 – 1809-03-04 · RepublicanJames Wilson · 1809-05-22 – 1811-03-04 · FederalistJohn Adams Harper · 1811-11-04 – 1813-03-04 · RepublicanRoger Vose · 1813-05-24 – 1815-03-04 · FederalistRoger Vose · 1815-12-04 – 1817-03-04 · FederalistJosiah Butler · 1817-12-01 – 1819-03-04 · RepublicanNathaniel Upham · 1819-12-06 – 1821-03-04 · RepublicanAaron Matson · 1821-12-03 – 1823-03-04 · RepublicanWilliam Plumer Jr. · 1823-12-01 – 1825-03-04Joseph Healy · 1825-12-05 – 1827-03-04 · AdamsJoseph Healy · 1827-12-03 – 1829-03-04 · AdamsJoseph Hammons · 1829-12-07 – 1831-03-04 · JacksonJohn Wingate Weeks · 1831-12-05 – 1833-03-04 · JacksonHenry Hubbard · 1833-12-02 – 1835-03-04 · JacksonJoseph Weeks · 1835-12-07 – 1837-03-04 · JacksonCharles Gordon Atherton · 1837-09-04 – 1839-03-04 · DemocratCharles Gordon Atherton · 1839-12-02 – 1841-03-04 · DemocratJohn Randall Reding · 1841-05-31 – 1843-03-04 · DemocratJohn Parker Hale · 1843-12-04 – 1845-03-04 · DemocratAbiel Foster · 1797-05-15 – 1799-03-04 · FederalistSamuel Tenney · 1799-12-02 – 1801-03-04 · FederalistSamuel Tenney · 1801-12-07 – 1803-03-04 · FederalistClifton Clagett · 1803-10-17 – 1805-03-04 · FederalistThomas Weston Thompson · 1805-12-02 – 1807-03-04 · FederalistClement Storer · 1807-10-26 – 1809-03-04 · RepublicanWilliam Hale · 1809-05-22 – 1811-03-04 · FederalistGeorge Sullivan · 1811-11-04 – 1813-03-04 · FederalistJeduthun Wilcox · 1813-05-24 – 1815-03-04 · FederalistJeduthun Wilcox · 1815-12-04 – 1817-03-04 · FederalistNathaniel Upham · 1817-12-01 – 1819-03-04 · RepublicanArthur Livermore · 1819-12-06 – 1821-03-04 · RepublicanWilliam Plumer Jr. · 1821-12-03 – 1823-03-04 · RepublicanIchabod Bartlett · 1823-12-01 – 1825-03-04Thomas Whipple Jr. · 1825-12-05 – 1827-03-04 · AdamsThomas Whipple Jr. · 1827-12-03 – 1829-03-04 · AdamsJohn Wingate Weeks · 1829-12-07 – 1831-03-04 · JacksonJoseph Morrill Harper · 1831-12-05 – 1833-03-04 · JacksonFranklin Pierce · 1833-12-02 – 1835-03-04 · JacksonFranklin Pierce · 1835-12-07 – 1837-03-04 · JacksonJared Warner Williams · 1837-09-04 – 1839-03-04 · DemocratJared Warner Williams · 1839-12-02 – 1841-03-04 · DemocratCharles Gordon Atherton · 1841-05-31 – 1843-03-04 · DemocratDaniel Webster · 1813-05-24 – 1815-03-04 · FederalistDaniel Webster · 1815-12-04 – 1817-03-04 · FederalistArthur Livermore · 1817-12-01 – 1819-03-04 · RepublicanWilliam Plumer Jr. · 1819-12-06 – 1821-03-04 · RepublicanThomas Whipple Jr. · 1821-12-03 – 1823-03-04 · RepublicanThomas Whipple Jr. · 1823-12-01 – 1825-03-04Jonathan Harvey · 1825-12-05 – 1827-03-04 · JacksonJonathan Harvey · 1827-12-03 – 1829-03-04 · JacksonHenry Hubbard · 1829-12-07 – 1831-03-04 · JacksonHenry Hubbard · 1831-12-05 – 1833-03-04 · Jackson
Fletcher Hale R
Dec 7, 1931 – Mar 4, 1933 · 15 months
Mace Moulton D
Dec 1, 1845 – Mar 4, 1847 · 15 months
James Hutchins Johnson D
Dec 1, 1845 – Mar 4, 1847 · 15 months
Moses Norris Jr. D
Dec 1, 1845 – Mar 4, 1847 · 15 months
Edmund Burke D
Dec 4, 1843 – Mar 4, 1845 · 15 months
John Randall Reding D
Dec 4, 1843 – Mar 4, 1845 · 15 months
Moses Norris Jr. D
Dec 4, 1843 – Mar 4, 1845 · 15 months
John Parker Hale D
Dec 4, 1843 – Mar 4, 1845 · 15 months
Ira Allen Eastman D
May 31, 1841 – Mar 4, 1843 · 21 months
Tristram Shaw D
May 31, 1841 – Mar 4, 1843 · 21 months
Edmund Burke D
May 31, 1841 – Mar 4, 1843 · 21 months
John Randall Reding D
May 31, 1841 – Mar 4, 1843 · 21 months
Charles Gordon Atherton D
May 31, 1841 – Mar 4, 1843 · 21 months
Ira Allen Eastman D
Dec 2, 1839 – Mar 4, 1841 · 15 months
Tristram Shaw D
Dec 2, 1839 – Mar 4, 1841 · 15 months
Edmund Burke D
Dec 2, 1839 – Mar 4, 1841 · 15 months
Charles Gordon Atherton D
Dec 2, 1839 – Mar 4, 1841 · 15 months
Jared Warner Williams D
Dec 2, 1839 – Mar 4, 1841 · 15 months
Samuel Cushman D
Sep 4, 1837 – Mar 4, 1839 · 18 months
James Farrington D
Sep 4, 1837 – Mar 4, 1839 · 18 months
Joseph Weeks D
Sep 4, 1837 – Mar 4, 1839 · 18 months
Charles Gordon Atherton D
Sep 4, 1837 – Mar 4, 1839 · 18 months
Jared Warner Williams D
Sep 4, 1837 – Mar 4, 1839 · 18 months
Benning Moulton Bean J
Dec 7, 1835 – Mar 4, 1837 · 15 months
Robert Burns J
Dec 7, 1835 – Mar 4, 1837 · 15 months
Samuel Cushman J
Dec 7, 1835 – Mar 4, 1837 · 15 months
Joseph Weeks J
Dec 7, 1835 – Mar 4, 1837 · 15 months
Franklin Pierce J
Dec 7, 1835 – Mar 4, 1837 · 15 months
Joseph Morrill Harper J
Dec 2, 1833 – Mar 4, 1835 · 15 months
Benning Moulton Bean J
Dec 2, 1833 – Mar 4, 1835 · 15 months
Robert Burns J
Dec 2, 1833 – Mar 4, 1835 · 15 months
Henry Hubbard J
Dec 2, 1833 – Mar 4, 1835 · 15 months
Franklin Pierce J
Dec 2, 1833 – Mar 4, 1835 · 15 months
John Brodhead J
Dec 5, 1831 – Mar 4, 1833 · 15 months
Thomas Chandler J
Dec 5, 1831 – Mar 4, 1833 · 15 months
Joseph Hammons J
Dec 5, 1831 – Mar 4, 1833 · 15 months
John Wingate Weeks J
Dec 5, 1831 – Mar 4, 1833 · 15 months
Joseph Morrill Harper J
Dec 5, 1831 – Mar 4, 1833 · 15 months
Henry Hubbard J
Dec 5, 1831 – Mar 4, 1833 · 15 months
Jonathan Harvey J
Dec 7, 1829 – Mar 4, 1831 · 15 months
John Brodhead J
Dec 7, 1829 – Mar 4, 1831 · 15 months
Thomas Chandler J
Dec 7, 1829 – Mar 4, 1831 · 15 months
Joseph Hammons J
Dec 7, 1829 – Mar 4, 1831 · 15 months
John Wingate Weeks J
Dec 7, 1829 – Mar 4, 1831 · 15 months
Henry Hubbard J
Dec 7, 1829 – Mar 4, 1831 · 15 months
David Barker Jr. A
Dec 3, 1827 – Mar 4, 1829 · 15 months
Ichabod Bartlett A
Dec 3, 1827 – Mar 4, 1829 · 15 months
Titus Brown A
Dec 3, 1827 – Mar 4, 1829 · 15 months
Joseph Healy A
Dec 3, 1827 – Mar 4, 1829 · 15 months
Thomas Whipple Jr. A
Dec 3, 1827 – Mar 4, 1829 · 15 months
Jonathan Harvey J
Dec 3, 1827 – Mar 4, 1829 · 15 months
Nehemiah Eastman A
Dec 5, 1825 – Mar 4, 1827 · 15 months
Ichabod Bartlett A
Dec 5, 1825 – Mar 4, 1827 · 15 months
Titus Brown A
Dec 5, 1825 – Mar 4, 1827 · 15 months
Joseph Healy A
Dec 5, 1825 – Mar 4, 1827 · 15 months
Thomas Whipple Jr. A
Dec 5, 1825 – Mar 4, 1827 · 15 months
Jonathan Harvey J
Dec 5, 1825 – Mar 4, 1827 · 15 months
Matthew Harvey
Dec 1, 1823 – Mar 4, 1825 · 15 months
Arthur Livermore R
Dec 1, 1823 – Mar 4, 1825 · 15 months
Aaron Matson
Dec 1, 1823 – Mar 4, 1825 · 15 months
William Plumer Jr.
Dec 1, 1823 – Mar 4, 1825 · 15 months
Ichabod Bartlett
Dec 1, 1823 – Mar 4, 1825 · 15 months
Thomas Whipple Jr.
Dec 1, 1823 – Mar 4, 1825 · 15 months
Josiah Butler R
Dec 3, 1821 – Mar 4, 1823 · 15 months
Nathaniel Upham R
Dec 3, 1821 – Mar 4, 1823 · 15 months
Matthew Harvey R
Dec 3, 1821 – Mar 4, 1823 · 15 months
Aaron Matson R
Dec 3, 1821 – Mar 4, 1823 · 15 months
William Plumer Jr. R
Dec 3, 1821 – Mar 4, 1823 · 15 months
Thomas Whipple Jr. R
Dec 3, 1821 – Mar 4, 1823 · 15 months
Joseph Buffum Jr. R
Dec 6, 1819 – Mar 4, 1821 · 15 months
Clifton Clagett R
Dec 6, 1819 – Mar 4, 1821 · 15 months
Josiah Butler R
Dec 6, 1819 – Mar 4, 1821 · 15 months
Nathaniel Upham R
Dec 6, 1819 – Mar 4, 1821 · 15 months
Arthur Livermore R
Dec 6, 1819 – Mar 4, 1821 · 15 months
William Plumer Jr. R
Dec 6, 1819 – Mar 4, 1821 · 15 months
Salma Hale R
Dec 1, 1817 – Mar 4, 1819 · 15 months
Clifton Clagett R
Dec 1, 1817 – Mar 4, 1819 · 15 months
John Fabyan Parrott R
Dec 1, 1817 – Mar 4, 1819 · 15 months
Josiah Butler R
Dec 1, 1817 – Mar 4, 1819 · 15 months
Nathaniel Upham R
Dec 1, 1817 – Mar 4, 1819 · 15 months
Arthur Livermore R
Dec 1, 1817 – Mar 4, 1819 · 15 months
Charles Humphrey Atherton F
Dec 4, 1815 – Mar 4, 1817 · 15 months
Bradbury Cilley F
Dec 4, 1815 – Mar 4, 1817 · 15 months
William Hale F
Dec 4, 1815 – Mar 4, 1817 · 15 months
Roger Vose F
Dec 4, 1815 – Mar 4, 1817 · 15 months
Jeduthun Wilcox F
Dec 4, 1815 – Mar 4, 1817 · 15 months
Daniel Webster F
Dec 4, 1815 – Mar 4, 1817 · 15 months
Samuel Smith F
May 24, 1813 – Mar 4, 1815 · 21 months
Bradbury Cilley F
May 24, 1813 – Mar 4, 1815 · 21 months
William Hale F
May 24, 1813 – Mar 4, 1815 · 21 months
Roger Vose F
May 24, 1813 – Mar 4, 1815 · 21 months
Jeduthun Wilcox F
May 24, 1813 – Mar 4, 1815 · 21 months
Daniel Webster F
May 24, 1813 – Mar 4, 1815 · 21 months
Josiah Bartlett Jr. R
Nov 4, 1811 – Mar 4, 1813 · 16 months
Samuel Dinsmoor R
Nov 4, 1811 – Mar 4, 1813 · 16 months
Obed Hall R
Nov 4, 1811 – Mar 4, 1813 · 16 months
John Adams Harper R
Nov 4, 1811 – Mar 4, 1813 · 16 months
George Sullivan F
Nov 4, 1811 – Mar 4, 1813 · 16 months
Daniel Blaisdell F
May 22, 1809 – Mar 4, 1811 · 21 months
John Curtis Chamberlain F
May 22, 1809 – Mar 4, 1811 · 21 months
Nathaniel Appleton Haven F
May 22, 1809 – Mar 4, 1811 · 21 months
James Wilson F
May 22, 1809 – Mar 4, 1811 · 21 months
William Hale F
May 22, 1809 – Mar 4, 1811 · 21 months
Peter Carleton R
Oct 26, 1807 – Mar 4, 1809 · 16 months
Daniel Meserve Durell R
Oct 26, 1807 – Mar 4, 1809 · 16 months
Francis Gardner R
Oct 26, 1807 – Mar 4, 1809 · 16 months
Jedediah Kilburn Smith R
Oct 26, 1807 – Mar 4, 1809 · 16 months
Clement Storer R
Oct 26, 1807 – Mar 4, 1809 · 16 months
Silas Betton F
Dec 2, 1805 – Mar 4, 1807 · 15 months
Caleb Ellis F
Dec 2, 1805 – Mar 4, 1807 · 15 months
David Hough F
Dec 2, 1805 – Mar 4, 1807 · 15 months
Samuel Tenney F
Dec 2, 1805 – Mar 4, 1807 · 15 months
Thomas Weston Thompson F
Dec 2, 1805 – Mar 4, 1807 · 15 months
Samuel Hunt F
Oct 17, 1803 – Mar 4, 1805 · 17 months
Silas Betton F
Oct 17, 1803 – Mar 4, 1805 · 17 months
David Hough F
Oct 17, 1803 – Mar 4, 1805 · 17 months
Samuel Tenney F
Oct 17, 1803 – Mar 4, 1805 · 17 months
Clifton Clagett F
Oct 17, 1803 – Mar 4, 1805 · 17 months
Abiel Foster F
Dec 7, 1801 – Mar 4, 1803 · 15 months
Joseph Peirce F
Dec 7, 1801 – Mar 4, 1803 · 15 months
George Baxter Upham F
Dec 7, 1801 – Mar 4, 1803 · 15 months
Samuel Hunt F
Dec 7, 1801 – Mar 4, 1803 · 15 months
Samuel Tenney F
Dec 7, 1801 – Mar 4, 1803 · 15 months
Jonathan Freeman F
Dec 2, 1799 – Mar 4, 1801 · 15 months
William Gordon F
Dec 2, 1799 – Mar 4, 1801 · 15 months
Abiel Foster F
Dec 2, 1799 – Mar 4, 1801 · 15 months
James Sheafe F
Dec 2, 1799 – Mar 4, 1801 · 15 months
Samuel Tenney F
Dec 2, 1799 – Mar 4, 1801 · 15 months
Jeremiah Smith F
May 15, 1797 – Mar 4, 1799 · 22 months
Peleg Sprague F
May 15, 1797 – Mar 4, 1799 · 22 months
Jonathan Freeman F
May 15, 1797 – Mar 4, 1799 · 22 months
William Gordon F
May 15, 1797 – Mar 4, 1799 · 22 months
Abiel Foster F
May 15, 1797 – Mar 4, 1799 · 22 months
John Samuel Sherburne R
Dec 7, 1795 – Mar 4, 1797 · 15 months
Jeremiah Smith F
Dec 7, 1795 – Mar 4, 1797 · 15 months
Abiel Foster F
Dec 7, 1795 – Mar 4, 1797 · 15 months
Nicholas Gilman F
Dec 7, 1795 – Mar 4, 1797 · 15 months
Paine Wingate
Dec 2, 1793 – Mar 4, 1795 · 15 months
John Samuel Sherburne R
Dec 2, 1793 – Mar 4, 1795 · 15 months
Jeremiah Smith F
Dec 2, 1793 – Mar 4, 1795 · 15 months
Nicholas Gilman DR
Dec 2, 1793 – Mar 4, 1795 · 15 months
Jeremiah Smith F
Oct 24, 1791 – Mar 4, 1793 · 16 months
Samuel Livermore F
Oct 24, 1791 – Mar 4, 1793 · 16 months
Nicholas Gilman DR
Oct 24, 1791 – Mar 4, 1793 · 16 months
Samuel Livermore F
Mar 4, 1789 – Mar 4, 1791 · 2 years
Abiel Foster F
Mar 4, 1789 – Mar 4, 1791 · 2 years
Nicholas Gilman DR
Mar 4, 1789 – Mar 4, 1791 · 2 years

Dates are from the @unitedstates congress-legislators project. Consecutive terms of one person are merged.