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The United States on July 5, 1878

Who held every office, how Congress and the Court were made up, and what happened within a week. Diff this day against today →

President
Hayes
Rutherford Birchard Hayes R · since Mar 4, 1877
Senate
39 R · 36 D
76 senators · 45th Congress
House
157 D · 141 R
300 representatives
Supreme Court
8 R · 1 D
9 justices by appointing party
Union
38 states
15 amendments in force
Public debt
$2.3B
as of Jul 1, 1878
1878-07-05/executiveThe administration
President Rutherford Birchard Hayes R
since Mar 4, 1877
Vice President William Almon Wheeler R
Attorney General Charles Devens W
since Mar 12, 1877
1878-07-05/congress45th Congress
Senate · 39 R · 36 D · 1 I
John Tyler Morgan (Democrat, AL)Augustus Hill Garland (Democrat, AR)William Wallace Eaton (Democrat, CT)William Henry Barnum (Democrat, CT)Thomas Francis Bayard Sr. (Democrat, DE)Eli Saulsbury (Democrat, DE)Charles William Jones (Democrat, FL)John Brown Gordon (Democrat, GA)Benjamin Harvey Hill (Democrat, GA)Joseph Ewing McDonald (Democrat, IN)Daniel Wolsey Voorhees (Democrat, IN)Thomas Clay McCreery (Democrat, KY)James Burnie Beck (Democrat, KY)James Biddle Eustis (Democrat, LA)George Robertson Dennis (Democrat, MD)William Pinkney Whyte (Democrat, MD)Francis Marion Cockrell (Democrat, MO)David Hartley Armstrong (Democrat, MO)Lucius Quintus Cincinnatus Lamar (Democrat, MS)Augustus Summerfield Merrimon (Democrat, NC)Matt Whitaker Ransom (Democrat, NC)Theodore Fitz Randolph (Democrat, NJ)John Rhoderic McPherson (Democrat, NJ)Francis Kernan (Democrat, NY)Allen Granberry Thurman (Democrat, OH)La Fayette Grover (Democrat, OR)William Andrew Wallace (Democrat, PA)Matthew Calbraith Butler (Democrat, SC)James Edmund Bailey (Democrat, TN)Isham Green Harris (Democrat, TN)Samuel Bell Maxey (Democrat, TX)Richard Coke (Democrat, TX)Robert Enoch Withers (Democrat, VA)John Warfield Johnston (Democrat, VA)Frank Hereford (Democrat, WV)Henry Gassaway Davis (Democrat, WV)David Davis (Independent, IL)George Eliphaz Spencer (Republican, AL)Stephen Wallace Dorsey (Republican, AR)Aaron Augustus Sargent (Republican, CA)Newton Booth (Republican, CA)Jerome Bunty Chaffee (Republican, CO)Henry Moore Teller (Republican, CO)Simon Barclay Conover (Republican, FL)William Boyd Allison (Republican, IA)Samuel Jordan Kirkwood (Republican, IA)Richard James Oglesby (Republican, IL)John James Ingalls (Republican, KS)Preston B. Plumb (Republican, KS)William Pitt Kellogg (Republican, LA)Henry Laurens Dawes (Republican, MA)George Frisbie Hoar (Republican, MA)Hannibal Hamlin (Republican, ME)James Gillespie Blaine (Republican, ME)Isaac Peckham Christiancy (Republican, MI)Thomas White Ferry (Republican, MI)Samuel James Renwick McMillan (Republican, MN)William Windom (Republican, MN)Blanche Kelso Bruce (Republican, MS)Algernon Sidney Paddock (Republican, NE)Alvin Saunders (Republican, NE)Bainbridge Wadleigh (Republican, NH)Edward Henry Rollins (Republican, NH)John Percival Jones (Republican, NV)William Sharon (Republican, NV)Roscoe Conkling (Republican, NY)Stanley Matthews (Republican, OH)John Hipple Mitchell (Republican, OR)James Donald Cameron (Republican, PA)Ambrose Everett Burnside (Republican, RI)Henry Bowen Anthony (Republican, RI)John James Patterson (Republican, SC)Justin Smith Morrill (Republican, VT)George Franklin Edmunds (Republican, VT)Timothy Otis Howe (Republican, WI)Angus Cameron (Republican, WI)
House · 157 D · 141 R · 2 ID
William Willis Garth (Democrat, AL-8)Robert Fulwood Ligon (Democrat, AL-5)Jeremiah Norman Williams (Democrat, AL-3)Goldsmith Whitehouse Hewitt (Democrat, AL-6)Charles Miller Shelley (Democrat, AL-4)James Taylor Jones (Democrat, AL-1)William Henry Forney (Democrat, AL-7)Hilary Abner Herbert (Democrat, AL-2)Lucien Coatsworth Gause (Democrat, AR-1)William Ferguson Slemons (Democrat, AR-2)Thomas Montague Gunter (Democrat, AR-4)Hiram Sanford Stevens (Democrat, AZ-AL)John King Luttrell (Democrat, CA-3)Peter Dinwiddie Wigginton (Democrat, CA-4)George Marcellus Landers (Democrat, CT-1)Levi Warner (Democrat, CT-4)James Phelps (Democrat, CT-2)James Williams (Democrat, DE-AL)Jesse Johnson Finley (Democrat, FL-2)Robert Hamilton McWhorta Davidson (Democrat, FL-1)Hiram Parks Bell (Democrat, GA-9)Milton Anthony Candler (Democrat, GA-5)William Bennett Fleming (Democrat, GA-1)William Ephraim Smith (Democrat, GA-2)Philip Cook (Democrat, GA-3)Alexander Hamilton Stephens (Democrat, GA-8)Henry Richard Harris (Democrat, GA-4)James Henderson Blount (Democrat, GA-6)Stephen Southmyd Fenn (Democrat, ID-AL)Carter Henry Harrison (Democrat, IL-2)William Hartzell (Democrat, IL-18)Robert McCarty Knapp (Democrat, IL-11)William Andrew Jackson Sparks (Democrat, IL-16)John Rice Eden (Democrat, IL-15)William Ralls Morrison (Democrat, IL-17)Richard Wellington Townshend (Democrat, IL-19)William McKendree Springer (Democrat, IL-12)Benoni Stinson Fuller (Democrat, IN-1)Andrew Holman Hamilton (Democrat, IN-12)George Augustus Bicknell (Democrat, IN-3)Thomas Reed Cobb (Democrat, IN-2)Andrew Rechmond Boone (Democrat, KY-1)John Blades Clarke (Democrat, KY-10)Milton Jameson Durham (Democrat, KY-8)Thomas Turner (Democrat, KY-9)John William Caldwell (Democrat, KY-3)James Proctor Knott (Democrat, KY-4)James Andrew McKenzie (Democrat, KY-2)Albert Shelby Willis (Democrat, KY-5)John Griffin Carlisle (Democrat, KY-6)Joseph Clay Stiles Blackburn (Democrat, KY-7)Joseph Hayes Acklen (Democrat, LA-3)Joseph Barton Elam (Democrat, LA-4)Ezekiel John Ellis (Democrat, LA-2)Edward White Robertson (Democrat, LA-6)Randall Lee Gibson (Democrat, LA-1)Benjamin Dean (Democrat, MA-3)Leopold Morse (Democrat, MA-4)Charles Boyle Roberts (Democrat, MD-2)Thomas Swann (Democrat, MD-4)William Walsh (Democrat, MD-6)Eli Jones Henkle (Democrat, MD-5)Daniel Maynadier Henry (Democrat, MD-1)William Kimmel (Democrat, MD-3)Alpheus Starkey Williams (Democrat, MI-1)Thomas Theodore Crittenden (Democrat, MO-7)Benjamin Joseph Franklin (Democrat, MO-8)John Montgomery Glover (Democrat, MO-12)Robert Anthony Hatcher (Democrat, MO-4)David Rea (Democrat, MO-9)John Bullock Clark Jr. (Democrat, MO-11)Aylett Hawes Buckner (Democrat, MO-13)Richard Parks Bland (Democrat, MO-5)Charles Henry Morgan (Democrat, MO-6)James Ronald Chalmers (Democrat, MS-6)Vannoy Hartrog Manning (Democrat, MS-2)Henry Lowndes Muldrow (Democrat, MS-1)Otho Robards Singleton (Democrat, MS-4)Charles Edward Hooker (Democrat, MS-5)Hernando De Soto Money (Democrat, MS-3)Martin Maginnis (Democrat, MT-AL)William McKendree Robbins (Democrat, NC-7)Alfred Moore Waddell (Democrat, NC-3)Joseph Jonathan Davis (Democrat, NC-4)Walter Leak Steele (Democrat, NC-6)Jesse Johnson Yeates (Democrat, NC-1)Alfred Moore Scales (Democrat, NC-5)Robert Brank Vance (Democrat, NC-8)Frank Jones (Democrat, NH-1)Augustus William Cutler (Democrat, NJ-5)Alvah Augustus Clark (Democrat, NJ-4)Augustus Albert Hardenbergh (Democrat, NJ-7)Miles Ross (Democrat, NJ-3)George Monroe Beebe (Democrat, NY-14)Charles Brewster Benedict (Democrat, NY-31)Anthony Eickhoff (Democrat, NY-7)Elizur Kirke Hart (Democrat, NY-30)Stephen Lorenzo Mayham (Democrat, NY-15)Clarkson Nott Potter (Democrat, NY-12)Terence John Quinn (Democrat, NY-16)William Davis Veeder (Democrat, NY-2)Benjamin Albertson Willis (Democrat, NY-11)Fernando Wood (Democrat, NY-9)Abram Stevens Hewitt (Democrat, NY-10)Archibald Meserole Bliss (Democrat, NY-4)Samuel Sullivan Cox (Democrat, NY-6)James Way Covert (Democrat, NY-1)Daniel Newton Lockwood (Democrat, NY-32)Nicholas Muller (Democrat, NY-5)Henry Blackstone Banning (Democrat, OH-2)Americus Vespucius Rice (Democrat, OH-5)Milton Sayler (Democrat, OH-1)Milton Isaiah Southard (Democrat, OH-13)Henry Luther Dickey (Democrat, OH-7)Thomas Ewing (Democrat, OH-12)Ebenezer Byron Finley (Democrat, OH-14)John A. McMahon (Democrat, OH-4)Samuel Augustus Bridges (Democrat, PA-10)Francis Dolan Collins (Democrat, PA-11)Levi Augustus Mackey (Democrat, PA-20)William Shearer Stenger (Democrat, PA-18)Jacob Turney (Democrat, PA-21)Hiester Clymer (Democrat, PA-8)Hendrick Bradley Wright (Democrat, PA-12)Levi Maish (Democrat, PA-19)Samuel Jackson Randall (Democrat, PA-3)James Bernard Reilly (Democrat, PA-13)John Hamilton Evins (Democrat, SC-4)David Wyatt Aiken (Democrat, SC-3)William Parker Caldwell (Democrat, TN-9)Haywood Yancey Riddle (Democrat, TN-4)John Morgan Bright (Democrat, TN-5)John DeWitt Clinton Atkins (Democrat, TN-8)John Ford House (Democrat, TN-6)George Gibbs Dibrell (Democrat, TN-3)Hiram Casey Young (Democrat, TN-10)Washington Curran Whitthorne (Democrat, TN-7)De Witt Clinton Giddings (Democrat, TX-5)Gustave Schleicher (Democrat, TX-6)James Webb Throckmorton (Democrat, TX-3)John Henninger Reagan (Democrat, TX-1)Roger Quarles Mills (Democrat, TX-4)David Browning Culberson (Democrat, TX-2)Beverly Browne Douglas (Democrat, VA-1)Auburn Lorenzo Pridemore (Democrat, VA-9)Gilbert Carlton Walker (Democrat, VA-3)John Goode Jr. (Democrat, VA-2)John Thomas Harris (Democrat, VA-7)George Craighead Cabell (Democrat, VA-5)John Randolph Tucker (Democrat, VA-6)Eppa Hunton (Democrat, VA-8)William Pitt Lynde (Democrat, WI-4)Gabriel Bouck (Democrat, WI-6)Edward Stuyvesant Bragg (Democrat, WI-5)Benjamin Franklin Martin (Democrat, WV-2)Benjamin Wilson (Democrat, WV-1)John Edward Kenna (Democrat, WV-3)Jordan Edgar Cravens (Ind. Democrat, AR-3)William Harrell Felton (Ind. Democrat, GA-7)Horace Davis (Republican, CA-1)Horace Francis Page (Republican, CA-2)James Burns Belford (Republican, CO-1)John Turner Wait (Republican, CT-3)Theodore Weld Burdick (Republican, IA-3)Henry Johnson Brodhead Cummings (Republican, IA-7)Samuel Addison Oliver (Republican, IA-9)Ezekiel Silas Sampson (Republican, IA-6)Joseph Champlin Stone (Republican, IA-1)Rush Clark (Republican, IA-5)Hiram Price (Republican, IA-2)William Fletcher Sapp (Republican, IA-8)Nathaniel Cobb Deering (Republican, IA-4)Lorenzo Brentano (Republican, IL-3)Horatio Chapin Burchard (Republican, IL-5)William Lathrop (Republican, IL-4)Thomas Foster Tipton (Republican, IL-13)Thomas Alexander Boyd (Republican, IL-9)Greenbury Lafayette Fort (Republican, IL-8)Philip Cornelius Hayes (Republican, IL-7)William Aldrich (Republican, IL-1)Thomas Jefferson Henderson (Republican, IL-6)Benjamin Franklin Marsh (Republican, IL-10)Joseph Gurney Cannon (Republican, IL-14)James La Fayette Evans (Republican, IN-11)John Hanna (Republican, IN-7)Morton Craig Hunter (Republican, IN-8)Milton Stapp Robinson (Republican, IN-6)Leonidas Sexton (Republican, IN-4)Michael Doherty White (Republican, IN-9)John Harris Baker (Republican, IN-13)William Henry Calkins (Republican, IN-10)Thomas McLelland Browne (Republican, IN-5)William Addison Phillips (Republican, KS-1)Dudley Chase Haskell (Republican, KS-2)Thomas Ryan (Republican, KS-3)John Edwards Leonard (Republican, LA-5)Benjamin Franklin Butler (Republican, MA-7)William Claflin (Republican, MA-8)George Bailey Loring (Republican, MA-6)William Wallace Crapo (Republican, MA-1)Benjamin Winslow Harris (Republican, MA-2)Amasa Norcross (Republican, MA-10)George Dexter Robinson (Republican, MA-11)William Whitney Rice (Republican, MA-9)Nathaniel Prentice Banks (Republican, MA-5)Stephen Decatur Lindsey (Republican, ME-3)Thomas Brackett Reed (Republican, ME-1)Eugene Hale (Republican, ME-5)William Pierce Frye (Republican, ME-2)Llewellyn Powers (Republican, ME-4)Charles Clinton Ellsworth (Republican, MI-8)Edwin William Keightley (Republican, MI-4)Jonas Hartzell McGowan (Republican, MI-3)John Wesley Stone (Republican, MI-5)Omar Dwight Conger (Republican, MI-7)Jay Abel Hubbell (Republican, MI-9)Edwin Willits (Republican, MI-2)Mark Spencer Brewer (Republican, MI-6)Jacob Henry Stewart (Republican, MN-3)Horace Burton Strait (Republican, MN-2)Mark Hill Dunnell (Republican, MN-1)Nathan Cole (Republican, MO-2)Anthony Friday Ittner (Republican, MO-1)Lyne Shackelford Metcalfe (Republican, MO-3)Henry Moses Pollard (Republican, MO-10)Curtis Hooks Brogden (Republican, NC-2)Frank Welch (Republican, NE-1)James Frankland Briggs (Republican, NH-2)Henry William Blair (Republican, NH-3)Thomas Baldwin Peddie (Republican, NJ-6)John Howard Pugh (Republican, NJ-2)Clement Hall Sinnickson (Republican, NJ-1)Trinidad Romero (Republican, NM-AL)Thomas Wren (Republican, NV-AL)William Johnson Bacon (Republican, NY-23)George Augustus Bagley (Republican, NY-22)William Henry Baker (Republican, NY-24)Solomon Bundy (Republican, NY-21)John Newton Hungerford (Republican, NY-29)George Washington Patterson (Republican, NY-33)Martin Ingham Townsend (Republican, NY-17)Andrew Williams (Republican, NY-18)Simeon Baldwin Chittenden (Republican, NY-3)Amaziah Bailey James (Republican, NY-19)John Henry Starin (Republican, NY-20)John Henry Camp (Republican, NY-26)Jeremiah Wilbur Dwight (Republican, NY-28)Elbridge Gerry Lapham (Republican, NY-27)Anson George McCook (Republican, NY-8)Frank Hiscock (Republican, NY-25)John Henry Ketcham (Republican, NY-13)Jacob Dolson Cox (Republican, OH-6)Charles Foster (Republican, OH-10)Mills Gardner (Republican, OH-3)John Sills Jones (Republican, OH-9)Nelson Holmes Van Vorhes (Republican, OH-15)James Monroe (Republican, OH-18)James Abram Garfield (Republican, OH-19)Henry Safford Neal (Republican, OH-11)Amos Townsend (Republican, OH-20)William McKinley Jr. (Republican, OH-17)Lorenzo Danford (Republican, OH-16)Joseph Warren Keifer (Republican, OH-8)Richard Williams (Republican, OR-1)Chapman Freeman (Republican, PA-1)John McCandless Thompson (Republican, PA-26)John Weinland Killinger (Republican, PA-14)Edward Overton Jr. (Republican, PA-15)Harry White (Republican, PA-25)Russell Errett (Republican, PA-22)John Inscho Mitchell (Republican, PA-16)William Shadrack Shallenberger (Republican, PA-24)William Ward (Republican, PA-6)Abraham Herr Smith (Republican, PA-9)Jacob Miller Campbell (Republican, PA-17)Isaac Newton Evans (Republican, PA-7)Thomas McKee Bayne (Republican, PA-23)William Darrah Kelley (Republican, PA-4)Lewis Findlay Watson (Republican, PA-27)Charles O’Neill (Republican, PA-2)Alfred Crout Harmer (Republican, PA-5)Benjamin Tucker Eames (Republican, RI-1)Latimer Whipple Ballou (Republican, RI-2)Richard Harvey Cain (Republican, SC-2)Joseph Hayne Rainey (Republican, SC-1)Robert Smalls (Republican, SC-5)James Henry Randolph (Republican, TN-1)Jacob Montgomery Thornburgh (Republican, TN-2)George Quayle Cannon (Republican, UT-AL)Joseph Jorgensen (Republican, VA-4)Dudley Chase Denison (Republican, VT-2)George Whitman Hendee (Republican, VT-3)Charles Herbert Joyce (Republican, VT-1)Orange Jacobs (Republican, WA-AL)George Cochrane Hazelton (Republican, WI-3)Herman Leon Humphrey (Republican, WI-7)Thaddeus Coleman Pound (Republican, WI-8)Charles Grandison Williams (Republican, WI-1)Lucien Bonaparte Caswell (Republican, WI-2)William Wellington Corlett (Republican, WY-AL)
1878-07-05/supreme-courtThe bench
Nathan Clifford D
Associate Justice · appointed by James Buchanan · since Jan 12, 1858
Noah Haynes Swayne R
Associate Justice · appointed by Abraham Lincoln · since Jan 24, 1862
Samuel Freeman Miller R
Associate Justice · appointed by Abraham Lincoln · since Jul 16, 1862
Stephen Johnson Field R
Associate Justice · appointed by Abraham Lincoln · since Mar 10, 1863
William Strong R
Associate Justice · appointed by Ulysses Grant · since Feb 18, 1870
Joseph P. Bradley R
Associate Justice · appointed by Ulysses Grant · since Mar 21, 1870
Ward Hunt R
Associate Justice · appointed by Ulysses Grant · since Dec 11, 1872
Morrison Remick Waite R
Chief Justice · appointed by Ulysses Grant · since Jan 21, 1874
John Marshall Harlan R
Associate Justice · appointed by Rutherford B. Hayes · since Nov 29, 1877
1878-07-05/weekWithin a week · Jun 28, 1878 – Jul 12, 1878
Nothing recorded within a week of this date.

Each office is shown as it stood at the end of the day. Cabinet records come from Wikidata and have gaps for some historical offices.